2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G5092

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEE-may

Translations: honor, a price, value, respect, a sum, esteem, dignity

Notes: This word refers to honor, respect, or esteem, often implying a high regard for someone or something. It can also denote a monetary value or price, indicating the worth of an item or a sum paid. It is used in sentences to describe the value or respect attributed to a person, object, or action.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΞΑ, ΑΞΙΑ, ΚΕΡΔΟΣ

Etymology: This word comes from an ancient root meaning 'to value' or 'to estimate'. It is related to the verb τιμάω (timaō), meaning 'to honor' or 'to value'.

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-neh-see

Translations: to nations, for nations, among nations, nations, to Gentiles, for Gentiles, among Gentiles, Gentiles

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'ἔθνος' (ethnos), meaning 'nation' or 'Gentile'. In the dative case, it indicates the indirect object, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'among', showing the recipient or the sphere of action. It can refer to a group of people, a nation, or, especially in a biblical context, non-Jewish people (Gentiles).

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΙ, ΓΕΝΗ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G2025

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-TIH-theh-sahn

Translations: they were laying upon, they were placing upon, they were imposing, they were attacking

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (upon, on) and the verb 'τίθημι' (to place, to put). It means to lay or place something upon someone or something, to impose, or to attack. In its imperfect tense, as seen here, it describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that 'they were laying upon' or 'they were attacking'. It can be used in contexts such as laying hands on someone, placing a burden, or launching an assault.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΒΑΛΛΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'ἐπιτίθημι' is a compound of the preposition 'ἐπί' (upon, on, over) and the verb 'τίθημι' (to put, place, set). 'Τίθημι' itself derives from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to put' or 'to place'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYN

Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region

Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G2638

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-lah-BON-tes

Translations: having seized, having taken possession of, having overtaken, having understood, having apprehended, having attained

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'καταλαμβάνω' (katalambanō), which means to seize, take possession of, overtake, or understand. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed before or at the same time as the main verb, often translated as 'having seized' or 'when they had seized'. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΣΥΝΙΕΝΤΕΣ

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3708

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: oh-RON

Translations: seeing, looking, perceiving, observing, a seeing one

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'horao', meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in the act of seeing or observing. It can be used to describe a person who is seeing, or to indicate the action of seeing in a continuous sense.

Inflection: Singular, Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: BLEPO, THEOREO, EIDO

Etymology: The word 'horao' (from which 'orōn' is derived) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to see' or 'to look'. It is related to the Latin 'video' and English 'wit' or 'wise', indicating a connection to perception and knowledge.

G4281

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-EEL-thon

Translations: I went forth, they went forth, I went forward, they went forward, I advanced, they advanced, I proceeded, they proceeded

Notes: This word is the third person plural (or first person singular) aorist indicative active form of the verb 'προέρχομαι' (proerchomai), meaning 'to go forth' or 'to go forward'. It describes an action of moving onward or advancing that occurred in the past. It can be used to describe people or things moving from one place to another, or progressing in a task or discussion.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, First Person Singular or Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'προέρχομαι' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G0891

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: AKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, while, unto, even to

Notes: This word functions as a preposition, conjunction, or adverb, indicating a limit in time or space. As a preposition, it means 'until' or 'up to' and is typically followed by the genitive case. As a conjunction, it means 'until' or 'while', introducing a clause that specifies a time limit. As an adverb, it can mean 'even to' or 'as far as'. It denotes a point or period that something reaches or continues.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Greek word ἄκρος (akros), meaning 'highest' or 'extreme', suggesting a sense of reaching a limit or extremity.

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G2638

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-lam-BAH-non-tes

Translations: taking possession, seizing, overtaking, apprehending, understanding, finding, obtaining, reaching, coming upon

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'καταλαμβάνω', which means to take possession of, seize, overtake, or apprehend. It can also mean to understand or comprehend, or to find or obtain something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject, often translated as 'taking possession', 'seizing', or 'understanding'. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'λαμβάνω' (to take, receive).

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: may-DEH-nos

Translations: of no one, of nothing, of any, of anything

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the pronoun/adjective 'μηδείς' (mēdeis), meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, similar to 'of no one' or 'of nothing' in English. It can also function as an adjective meaning 'no' or 'not any', agreeing in case, number, and gender with the noun it modifies. It is used in negative clauses, often following a negative particle like 'μή' (mē).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝΟΣ, ΟΥΔΕΙΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: OOF

Translations: under, by, with, from, at the hand of, by means of, through

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'by'. The final vowel of 'ΥΠΟ' is dropped when the following word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. It indicates a position beneath something, or agency (by means of someone/something), or cause. It can also denote the instrument or agent by which something is done. It is a very common preposition in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect; governs the genitive and accusative cases.

Etymology: The word 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'under'. It is related to English words like 'hypodermic' and 'hypothermia'.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-loo-MEH-noos

Translations: called, named, being called, those called, the ones called

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being called' or 'who are called'. It describes someone or something that is in the process of being called or named. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can be translated as 'the one who is called' or 'those who are called' depending on its number and case.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΛΕΓΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: go-MAH-race

Translations: Gomareis, the Gomareis

Notes: This word refers to the Gomareis, a people or tribe. It is a plural proper noun, indicating a group of individuals associated with 'Gomar' or 'Gomarus'. In the provided context, it is used to describe a group of people who were also called Galatians by the Greeks.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Gomar' (ΓΟΜΑΡΟΣ) is derived from the biblical figure Gomer (גֹּמֶר), one of the sons of Japheth mentioned in Genesis. Historically, Gomer is associated with various peoples, including the Cimmerians and, by some interpretations, the Galatians or other groups in Asia Minor.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-go-MEH-noos

Translations: being called, said, named, so-called, those being called, those said, those named, the so-called ones

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something as 'being called', 'being said', or 'being named'. It often refers to people or things that are commonly known by a certain name or description, hence 'so-called'. It is used to introduce a descriptive phrase about a noun.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Accusative Case, Masculine Gender, Plural Number

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EK-tee-seh

Translations: created, founded, built, made

Notes: This word means 'he created,' 'he founded,' or 'he built.' It refers to the act of bringing something into existence, establishing something, or constructing something. It is often used in contexts of divine creation or the establishment of cities or institutions.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word κτίζω (ktizō) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to found' or 'to build.' It is related to the idea of establishing something from the ground up.

G3098

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: MA-goh-GAYS

Translations: Magog

Notes: Magog is a proper noun referring to a person and a land or people mentioned in the Old Testament. In Genesis, Magog is listed as one of the sons of Japheth, son of Noah. In prophetic books like Ezekiel and Revelation, 'Gog of Magog' refers to an eschatological enemy nation or leader. It is used to denote a specific geographical region or a people descended from Magog.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: From Hebrew מָגוֹג (Magog), a name of uncertain origin, possibly related to the land of Lydia in Asia Minor or a Scythian people.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

G3099

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: mah-GOH-gahs

Translations: Magog

Notes: Magog refers to a person, a land, or a people mentioned in the Old Testament and Revelation. In Genesis, Magog is listed as one of the sons of Japheth, son of Noah. In prophetic literature, particularly Ezekiel and Revelation, 'Gog of Magog' is associated with an eschatological enemy nation or leader that will rise against God's people in the end times. It is a proper noun, so it refers to a specific entity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: From Hebrew מָגוֹג (Magog), a name of uncertain meaning, possibly related to a geographical region or people.

G3687

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: oh-no-mas-THEN-tas

Translations: having been named, who were named, called

Notes: This word is a passive aorist participle, meaning 'having been named' or 'who were named'. It describes an action that happened in the past and resulted in the subject being given a name or title. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and indicates that the subject received the action of naming.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine, Aorist, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΘΕΝΤΑΣ

G3611

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-KEE-sen

Translations: settled, colonized, founded, inhabited

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'οἰκίζω' (oikizō). It means 'he/she/it settled', 'he/she/it colonized', 'he/she/it founded', or 'he/she/it inhabited'. It is used to describe the act of establishing a settlement, founding a city, or populating a region.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΤΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΟΙΚΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'οἰκίζω' (oikizō) comes from 'οἶκος' (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'dwelling'. The verb form thus relates to the act of making a place a dwelling or establishing a home.

G4658

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: SKOO-thas

Translations: Scythians

Notes: This word refers to the Scythians, an ancient nomadic people of Iranian origin who inhabited the Eurasian Steppe. In Koine Greek, it is used to denote people from Scythia, often associated with a barbarian or uncivilized status in ancient Greek literature. It functions as a proper noun referring to a specific ethnic group.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Etymology: The word "Σκύθης" (Skythēs) is of uncertain origin, possibly derived from an Old Iranian ethnonym. It refers to the ancient nomadic people known as the Scythians.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GHEE-non-tai

Translations: they become, they happen, they come to pass, they are, they arise, they are made

Notes: This is a common verb meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' or 'to come into being.' It describes a process of change or occurrence, indicating that something is coming into existence or transitioning into a new state. It can also simply mean 'to be' in certain contexts, especially when referring to events or situations.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΥΟΜΑΙ

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-nos

Translations: nation, a nation, people, a people, Gentiles, a Gentile

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it often refers specifically to the Gentiles, meaning non-Jewish people. It can be used to describe a large group of people united by common descent, culture, or language.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'). It refers to a group of people sharing common customs or characteristics.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G3370

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: MAY-doy

Translations: Medes, (to) Medes

Notes: This word refers to the Medes, an ancient people who inhabited Media, an area in what is now northwestern Iran. They were a significant power in the ancient Near East, often associated with the Persians, with whom they formed the Medo-Persian Empire. In a sentence, it would typically be used to refer to the people themselves, often in a plural form.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Dative or Vocative

Etymology: The word 'Μῆδος' (Medos) is derived from the ancient region of Media, which was named after its inhabitants, the Medes. The origin of the name of the people themselves is not definitively known.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: keh-KLEE-n-tai

Translations: they have been called, they are called, they have been summoned, they are summoned, they have been invited, they are invited

Notes: This word is the third person plural perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to summon'. In this form, it indicates an action that was completed in the past but has ongoing results in the present. It describes a state of having been called or invited, emphasizing the present condition resulting from a past action.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ, ΕΠΙΚΑΛΕΩ

G2730

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-toy-KID-zei

Translations: to cause to dwell, to settle, to inhabit, to colonize

Notes: This word means to cause someone or something to dwell in a place, to settle them, or to establish them as inhabitants. It implies an action of placing or establishing a residence for others. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (down, according to) and 'οἰκίζω' (to found a house, to settle).

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΖΩ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΙΔΡΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΟΙΚΙΖΩ is derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and the verb οἰκίζω (oikizo), meaning 'to found a house' or 'to settle'. It thus conveys the idea of settling someone down in a dwelling.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: theh-OH-bee-loss

Translations: god-hating, impious, sacrilegious

Notes: This is a compound adjective formed from 'ΘΕΟΣ' (God) and 'ΒΗΛΟΣ' (a rare word related to 'βῆλος' meaning 'threshold' or 'profane', or perhaps related to 'βέβηλος' meaning 'profane, unholy'). It describes someone or something that is hostile towards God, impious, or sacrilegious. It can be used to describe actions, attitudes, or individuals.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΘΕΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ, ΒΕΒΗΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΘΕΟΒΗΛΟΣ' is a compound of 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God', and 'ΒΗΛΟΣ' (belos), which is related to 'βέβηλος' (bebelos), meaning 'profane' or 'unholy'. The combination signifies a state of being profane or hostile towards God.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-BEH-res

Translations: Iberians

Notes: This word refers to the Iberians, an ancient people who inhabited the Iberian Peninsula (modern-day Spain and Portugal). It is used to denote the people themselves, often in a collective sense.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The word 'ἸΒΗΡ' (Iber) is of ancient origin, referring to the inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula. Its precise etymology before Greek usage is uncertain, but it is believed to be derived from a local name for the Ebro River (ancient Iberus) or a related indigenous term.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: mes-KHE-noy

Translations: Meschenoi, the Meschenoi

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely referring to a group of people or inhabitants associated with a place or person named Meschech or Meschos. It is used in a plural form, indicating multiple individuals. It is not a common word found in standard Koine Greek lexicons like Strong's Concordance, suggesting it might be a less common geographical or ethnic designation, or possibly a variant spelling. The context suggests it refers to a people who were built or founded by 'Meschos'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΜΕΣΧΗΝΟΙ' is likely derived from 'ΜΕΣΧΟΣ' (Meskhos) or 'ΜΕΣΕΧ' (Mesekh), referring to the biblical figure Meshech, son of Japheth, or the people/region associated with him. The suffix '-ηνοι' is a common Greek ending used to form demonyms (names for people from a particular place).

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ktis-THEN-tes

Translations: created, founded, built, established, having been created, having been founded, having been built

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'κτίζω', meaning 'to create', 'to found', or 'to build'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that has undergone the action of creation or establishment. It refers to those who have been created, founded, or built.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΕΩ, ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ

G4592

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: say-MAY-on

Translations: sign, a sign, mark, a mark, miracle, a miracle, wonder, a wonder

Notes: This word refers to a sign, a mark, or an indication of something. It can also denote a miracle or a wonder, especially one that serves as a divine sign or attestation. It is used to point to something, to distinguish it, or to signify a future event. In a sentence, it might be used like 'the sign of the times' or 'he performed a great sign'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΡΑΣ, ΕΝΔΕΙΞΙΣ, ΣΥΜΒΟΛΟΝ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek verb σημαίνω (sēmainō), meaning 'to show, signify, or indicate'. It is related to σῆμα (sēma), meaning 'a mark, sign, or token'.

G1166

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DEIK-ny-tai

Translations: is shown, is displayed, is pointed out, is made known, is proved

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to show', 'to point out', 'to display', or 'to make known'. In this form, it is in the present tense, indicative mood, middle or passive voice, and third person singular. It describes something that is being shown or made evident, either by itself (middle voice) or by an external agent (passive voice). For example, 'it is shown' or 'he/she/it is displayed'.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΕΤΑΙ, ΕΠΙΔΕΙΚΝΥΤΑΙ, ΔΗΛΟΥΤΑΙ

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lis

Translations: city, a city, town, a town

Notes: The word 'polis' refers to a city or town, a populated center where people live and gather. In ancient contexts, it often implied a self-governing city-state, but in Koine Greek, it frequently refers simply to any significant urban settlement. It is used to denote the physical location and its inhabitants.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΚΩΜΗ, ΧΩΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (to fill) or *pel- (to build, to enclose). It refers to a fortified place or a populated area.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G1213

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: day-LOO-sah

Translations: showing, making clear, revealing, declaring, manifesting, a showing, a making clear

Notes: ΔΗΛΟΥΣΑ is a present active participle, feminine, singular, nominative case, derived from the verb ΔΗΛΟΩ. It means 'showing' or 'making clear'. It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual, performed by a feminine subject. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'the woman, showing the truth...' or 'the church, making clear the word...'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Feminine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΣΗΜΑΙΝΩ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ

G1410

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: doo-NAH-meh-noys

Translations: being able, able, powerful, mighty, capable, having power

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something as 'being able' or 'powerful'. It can also be used substantively, meaning 'those who are able' or 'the powerful ones'. It describes a state of capability or strength.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΙ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΟΝΤΕΣ

G4218

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PO-teh

Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: pros-ah-go-REH-then

Translations: named, called, addressed as, having been named, having been called

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to name' or 'to call'. It describes something that has been named, called, or addressed in a particular way. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating that the action of naming or calling has already occurred to that subject.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ἀγορεύω (agoreuō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to proclaim'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak towards' or 'to address', which evolved into 'to name' or 'to call'.

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: PAN

Translations: all, every, whole, everything, a whole

Notes: This word is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. For example, it can mean 'all things' or 'everything' when used substantively, or 'the whole' when modifying a singular noun. It can also be used to mean 'every' when referring to individual items within a group.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- meaning 'to protect, feed'. Its meaning evolved to 'all' or 'whole' in Greek.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G5351

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: FTHAY-rees

Translations: you may destroy, you may corrupt, you may ruin, you may spoil

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'φθείρω' (phthéirō), meaning 'to destroy, corrupt, ruin, or spoil'. It is used here in the subjunctive mood, often in prohibitions or expressions of possibility. In the provided context, it appears with 'μή' (mē), forming a negative command or prohibition, such as 'do not destroy' or 'may you not corrupt'.

Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΚΑΤΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ

G2730

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-toy-KEE-tay

Translations: it is inhabited, it is dwelt in, it is settled

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to inhabit' or 'to dwell'. The form 'κατοικεῖται' is the third person singular present indicative passive, meaning 'it is inhabited' or 'it is dwelt in'. It describes a place or area that is occupied by people or living things. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'in', and 'οἰκέω' (oikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΩ, ΚΑΤΟΙΚΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΟΙΚΕΩ is a compound of the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'in', and the verb ΟΙΚΕΩ (oikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. ΟΙΚΕΩ itself derives from ΟΙΚΟΣ (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'dwelling'.

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nohn

Translations: having become, having happened, having come to pass, of those who became, of those who happened

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, often indicating an action that has already occurred. It can describe a state of being or an event that has taken place.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΩΝ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ

Etymology: The word 'ginomai' comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey ideas of generation, birth, or becoming.

G0797

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: as-kha-NAX-oos

Translations: of Ashkenaz

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Ashkenaz, who was a grandson of Noah through Japheth and Gomer, according to the biblical genealogies. The word is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, meaning 'of Ashkenaz' or 'belonging to Ashkenaz'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name Ashkenaz is of Hebrew origin (אַשְׁכְּנַז), appearing in the Old Testament as a descendant of Noah. It is believed to refer to a people or region in ancient times, possibly associated with the Scythians or a people in Asia Minor.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: thoo-GRAH-mes

Translations: Thugrames

Notes: This word is a proper noun, likely a personal name. It appears to be a variant or a less common spelling of a name, possibly related to Togarmah (Τόγαρμα), a descendant of Japheth mentioned in Genesis 10. In the provided context, it seems to refer to a person or a people group associated with the descendants of Japheth.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΘΥΓΡΑΜΗΣ' is uncertain as it appears to be a variant or possibly a misspelling of a known biblical name like Togarmah (Τόγαρμα). If it is a variant of Togarmah, its origin would be Hebrew.

G5392

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: PHRY-gess

Translations: Phrygians

Notes: This word refers to the Phrygians, the inhabitants of Phrygia, an ancient region in the west-central part of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey). They were known for their distinctive culture and language.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Phryges' (Phrygians) is derived from 'Phrygia', the region they inhabited. The origin of the name 'Phrygia' itself is ancient and not fully clear, but it refers to the people who migrated into Anatolia from the Balkans around the end of the Bronze Age.

G0757

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ER-khen

Translations: began, was beginning, ruled, was ruling, led, was leading

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'ἄρχω' (archo). It means 'he/she/it began', 'he/she/it was beginning', 'he/she/it ruled', 'he/she/it was ruling', 'he/she/it led', or 'he/she/it was leading'. The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing, repeated, or continuous action in the past. It can describe someone starting an action, or someone being in a position of authority or leadership.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word ἄρχω (archo) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ergʰ-, meaning 'to begin, to rule'. It is related to words signifying 'first' or 'chief'.

G0124

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: eye-oh-LEYS

Translations: Aeolians

Notes: This word refers to the Aeolians, one of the four major tribes of ancient Greece. They were known for their distinct dialect of ancient Greek, Aeolic Greek, and for inhabiting regions such as Aeolis in Asia Minor, Thessaly, and parts of Lesbos. The term is used to identify people belonging to this specific ethnic and linguistic group.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Aeolians' is derived from Aeolus, a mythical ancestor of the Aeolian people, often identified as a son of Hellen (the mythical progenitor of the Hellenes).

G2294

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THAR-sos

Translations: courage, confidence, boldness, a courage, a confidence, a boldness

Notes: This word refers to courage, confidence, or boldness. It describes a state of being fearless or having a strong sense of assurance, often in the face of danger or adversity. It can be used to describe the inner strength that enables someone to act bravely.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΟΛΜΑ, ΠΑΡΡΗΣΙΑ, ΕΥΨΥΧΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb θαρσέω (tharseō), meaning 'to be courageous' or 'to be confident'. It is related to θάρρος (tharros), which also means courage.

G2292, G2293

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: thar-SEIS

Translations: Tarshish, chrysolites, beryls

Notes: The word 'ΘΑΡΣΕΙΣ' (Tharseis) has two distinct meanings in Koine Greek. It can refer to 'Tarshish', a geographical location, likely a city or region, often associated with a distant maritime trading center, possibly in Spain. In this sense, it is a proper noun and is typically used with prepositions like 'εἰς' (to) to indicate movement towards it. Alternatively, it can refer to 'chrysolites' or 'beryls', which are types of precious stones. In this sense, it is a common noun and is often found in contexts describing valuable objects or adornments.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a Proper Noun); Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter (as a common Noun)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΘΑΡΣΕΙΣ' as 'Tarshish' is Semitic, likely Phoenician, referring to a smelting or refining place. The origin of 'ΘΑΡΣΕΙΣ' as 'chrysolites' or 'beryls' is less clear, possibly from a Semitic root related to 'yellow' or 'green' stones.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KAH-lay-toh

Translations: was called, used to be called, he was called, she was called, it was called

Notes: This is the third person singular, imperfect indicative form of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. In this form, it translates to 'was called' or 'used to be called', indicating an action that was ongoing or habitual in the past. It can be used to describe someone or something being named or referred to by a particular title.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Passive or Middle Voice

Etymology: The word 'καλέω' (kaleō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁-, meaning 'to shout, to call'. It is related to Latin calo ('to call out') and English 'hail'.

G3820

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pa-LAI-on

Translations: old, ancient, former, an old thing, the old

Notes: This word describes something that is old, ancient, or belongs to a former time. It can refer to age, as in an old person or an old custom, or to something that existed previously, like a former covenant or an old way of life. It is often used to contrast with something new or recent.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word πάλαι (palai), meaning 'long ago' or 'formerly'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G0516

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ax-ee-o-lo-GO-ta-tay

Translations: most worthy of note, most remarkable, most important, very important, very remarkable

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'ἀξιόλογος' (axiologos), meaning 'worthy of note' or 'remarkable'. As a superlative, it indicates the highest degree of worthiness, importance, or remarkableness. It would be used to describe something or someone as being the most notable, most significant, or most highly esteemed.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Superlative

Synonyms: ΜΕΓΙΣΤΟΣ, ΣΠΟΥΔΑΙΟΤΑΤΟΣ, ΕΠΙΣΗΜΟΤΑΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-LEE-tai

Translations: is called, is named, is invited

Notes: This word is the third person singular, present, passive indicative form of the verb 'to call' or 'to name'. It is used to indicate that someone or something is referred to by a particular name or title, or that they are summoned or invited. For example, 'He is called John' or 'It is named Jerusalem'.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to shout, to call'. It is related to Latin 'calare' (to call out) and English 'hail'.

G3388

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mee-tro-PO-lees

Translations: metropolis, a metropolis, mother city, capital city

Notes: This word refers to a 'mother city' or a 'capital city'. It is a compound word formed from 'μήτηρ' (mother) and 'πόλις' (city). In ancient times, it often referred to the founding city of a colony, or the chief city of a region or province. It can be used in sentences to describe a major urban center or the administrative heart of an area.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΣ, ΚΕΦΑΛΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'μήτηρ' (mḗtēr, "mother") and 'πόλις' (pólis, "city"). It literally means "mother city" and was used to denote the chief city of a region or the founding city of a colony.

G5607

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: OO-sah

Translations: being, existing, that is, who is, a being, the one being

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something that is in a state of being or existence. It is used to qualify a noun, often translated as 'being', 'existing', or 'that is/who is'. In this form, it is feminine, singular, and can be either nominative or accusative, depending on its role in the sentence.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ὙΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΗ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G0473

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AN-tee

Translations: instead of, for, in place of, in return for, opposite to, in exchange for

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It indicates substitution, exchange, or opposition. It can mean 'instead of' or 'in place of' something, 'for' or 'in return for' something, or 'opposite to' or 'against' something. It is used to show that one thing is given or done in the stead of another.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΝΤΙΠΕΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti, meaning 'face to face, opposite'. It is cognate with Latin ante ('before') and Sanskrit anti ('opposite, in front of').

G3328

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: meh-tah-bah-LON-tohn

Translations: of those who changed, of those who turned, of those who altered, of those who shifted, of having changed, of having turned, of having altered, of having shifted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'metaballō', meaning 'to change', 'to turn', 'to alter', or 'to shift'. As a participle, it describes an action performed by the subject, functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this form, it indicates the genitive case, referring to 'of those who have changed' or 'of those who are changing'. It can be used to describe a group of people or things that have undergone a transformation or shift.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ, ΜΕΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΜΕΤΑΜΟΡΦΟΩ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΜΕΤΑ (meta), meaning 'with', 'after', or 'among', and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. Together, they convey the idea of 'throwing oneself into a different state' or 'changing position'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KHE-thi-mos

Translations: Kittim, Chittim, of Kittim, a Kittim, Kittaean, Cypriot

Notes: This word refers to Kittim or Chittim, a biblical name for the island of Cyprus or its inhabitants. It can be used as a proper noun to denote the place or people, or as an adjective meaning 'Kittaean' or 'Cypriot'. In the provided context, it seems to be used to describe the island or a person associated with it, linking it to Cyprus.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΧΕΘΙΜΟΣ' is derived from the Hebrew 'Kittim' or 'Chittim', which refers to the descendants of Javan (son of Noah) and is often associated with Cyprus and its inhabitants in ancient texts.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KHE-thi-ma

Translations: Kittim, Chittim, Cyprus

Notes: ΧΕΘΙΜΑ (Chethima) is a proper noun, likely referring to a place or its inhabitants. It is often associated with the biblical term 'Kittim' or 'Chittim', which in ancient texts referred to Cyprus or its people, and sometimes more broadly to the islands and coastal lands of the Mediterranean, particularly those to the west. It is used to denote a specific geographical entity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The word ΧΕΘΙΜΑ is derived from the Hebrew term כִּתִּים (Kittim), which historically referred to the inhabitants of Cyprus, and by extension, the island itself. It is also used more broadly in some ancient texts to denote the islands and coastal regions of the Mediterranean.

G2954

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KOO-pros

Translations: Cyprus

Notes: Κύπρος (Kypros) refers to the island of Cyprus, located in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. It is frequently mentioned in historical and biblical texts as a significant geographical location, often associated with trade, travel, and early Christian missions. In a sentence, it would be used as the name of the island, for example, 'He sailed to Cyprus.'

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Cyprus' is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is thought to be related to the word for copper, as the island was a major source of copper in antiquity.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PLEH-yoh

Translations: more, greater, many, much, a lot

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. 'Πλείω' specifically functions as the comparative form, meaning 'more' or 'greater'. It is used to indicate a larger quantity, degree, or number of something compared to another. It can be used adverbially to mean 'more' or 'further'.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular; or Masculine/Feminine/Neuter, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΟΤΕΡΟΣ, ΠΛΕΟΝ

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G2281

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tha-LAHT-tan

Translations: sea, a sea, lake, a lake

Notes: This word refers to a body of water, specifically a sea or a lake. It is commonly used to describe large expanses of water, such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Sea of Galilee. It can also refer to the 'sea' as a general concept or a specific body of water.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ, ΛΙΜΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΘΑΛΑΣΣΑ is of pre-Greek origin, meaning it existed in the region before the arrival of Greek speakers. It is a common term for 'sea' in Greek.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kheh-THEH

Translations: was held, was restrained, was seized, was possessed, was kept, was contained

Notes: This word is an aorist passive indicative form of the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. In the passive voice, it means 'to be held' or 'to be seized'. It describes an action that happened in the past, where the subject was acted upon by being held, restrained, or possessed. It can be used in contexts where someone or something is physically held, or metaphorically held back or constrained.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- 'to hold, to have'.

G3144

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MAR-toos

Translations: witness, a witness, martyr, a martyr

Notes: This word refers to a witness, someone who gives testimony or evidence, often in a legal or judicial context. In later Christian usage, it also came to mean a 'martyr,' someone who bears witness to their faith by suffering death. It can be used to describe a person who has seen or heard something and can provide an account of it, or someone who attests to the truth of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΟΝ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΡΤΥΣ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to remember' or 'to be mindful of,' which evolved to mean 'to bear witness' or 'to testify.'

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LO-go

Translations: (to) word, (to) reason, (to) account, (to) saying, (to) message, (to) speech, (to) matter, (to) thing, by word, by reason, by account, by saying, by message, by speech, by matter, by thing

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' (logos). 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' is a fundamental term in Greek, meaning 'word,' 'reason,' 'account,' 'speech,' or 'message.' In its dative form 'ΛΟΓΩ,' it often indicates the indirect object of an action, the means or instrument by which something is done, or the cause or reason for something. It can be translated with prepositions like 'to,' 'for,' 'by,' or 'with,' depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

G2480

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: is-khoo-SAH-sah

Translations: having been strong, having prevailed, having been able, having been powerful

Notes: This word is a feminine, singular, nominative participle derived from the verb 'ἰσχύω'. It describes a female subject who has performed the action of being strong, prevailing, or being able. It functions similarly to an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate a completed action in the past.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΗΘΕΙΣΑ, ΚΡΑΤΗΣΑΣΑ

G2776

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KI-tee-on

Translations: Kition, Kittim

Notes: Kition was an ancient city-kingdom on the southern coast of Cyprus, known today as Larnaca. It was a significant port city with a long history, often associated with the biblical Kittim, descendants of Javan. The term 'Kittim' could refer to the inhabitants of Kition, or more broadly to Cyprus, or even to people from the western Mediterranean.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The name Kition is of Semitic origin, likely derived from the Hebrew 'Kittim' (כִּתִּים), which refers to the inhabitants of Cyprus or the island itself, and later extended to other Mediterranean peoples.

G1820

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-el-lay-NEE-san-tone

Translations: of Hellenizing, of making Greek, of becoming Greek

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'exellēnizō', meaning to Hellenize or to make Greek. It refers to the act of adopting Greek customs, language, or culture, or causing others to do so. It can also mean to become Greek oneself. As a genitive plural participle, it would typically modify a noun and indicate possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΛΛΗΝΙΖΩ, ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΤΗΣ

G3361, G3366

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MAYD

Translations: not, lest, neither, nor, not even

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express prohibition, a negative condition, or a negative wish. It often appears in conjunction with other words, such as in the compound word 'μηδέ' (neither, nor, not even) or 'μηδαμῶς' (by no means). It is used with the subjunctive mood to forbid an action or express a negative purpose. It can also indicate a negative consequence or a fear that something might happen.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΚ, ΟΥΧ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *meh₂- (not). It is a primary negative particle, expressing a subjective or conditional negation.

G1300

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-fyoo-GOO-sah

Translations: having escaped, having fled through, having gotten away

Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb φεύγω (pheugo), meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape'. As a whole, it describes the action of having successfully fled or escaped through something or from a situation. It is used to indicate a completed action of escaping.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Feminine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΚΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΠΟΦΕΥΓΩ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: kheh-THEE-moo

Translations: of Kittim, of Chethim, of Cyprus, of the Cypriots

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of ΧΕΘΙΜΟΣ (Chethimos), which refers to Kittim or Chethim, a biblical name for Cyprus and its inhabitants. It can also refer to the descendants of Javan (son of Noah) who settled in Cyprus. When used as a proper noun, it refers to the land or people of Kittim/Cyprus. When used as an adjective, it describes something as being 'of Kittim' or 'Cypriot'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G5218

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Hwee-OH-noy

Translations: grandchildren, descendants, posterity

Notes: This word refers to one's grandchildren or, more broadly, to one's descendants or posterity. It is used to denote the offspring of one's children, extending the family line. In a sentence, it would typically be used to refer to a group of people who are the descendants of a particular individual or family.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΚΓΟΝΟΙ, ΑΠΟΓΟΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΥΙΩΝΟΣ (huiōnos) is derived from the Greek word υἱός (huios), meaning 'son'. It literally means 'son's son' or 'descendant'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-khon

Translations: I had, I held, I possessed, I received

Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes a past action that was completed at a specific point in time, without emphasis on its duration. It can be used to indicate possession, holding something, or even receiving something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to overcome').

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G4280

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pro-AY-pohn

Translations: having said before, having foretold, having announced beforehand, having spoken previously

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition 'πρό' (before) and the verb 'εἶπον' (to say, to speak). It means to say something in advance, to foretell, or to announce beforehand. It is used to describe an action of speaking that occurred prior to another event or a main action in the sentence.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΦΗΤΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the aorist stem of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'.

G0603

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-fay-GAY-sin

Translations: narrative, a narrative, narration, an narration, account, an account, story, a story

Notes: This word refers to a detailed account, narration, or story. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'off', and the noun ἡγησις (hegesis), meaning 'a leading' or 'a guiding'. Thus, it implies a 'leading forth' or 'setting forth' of a story or explanation. It is used to describe the act or result of recounting events or information.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΗΓΗΣΙΣ, ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ

G2641

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-LEE-pon

Translations: I left behind, I abandoned, I forsook, I deserted, I bequeathed

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb λείπω (leipō, meaning 'to leave'). It generally means to leave something or someone behind, to abandon, or to forsake. It can also be used in the sense of bequeathing or leaving an inheritance. It is often used to describe leaving a place, a person, or a custom.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΓΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, ΑΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G2158

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-PREH-pes

Translations: fitting, proper, comely, seemly, beautiful, a fitting thing, a proper thing

Notes: This word describes something that is suitable, appropriate, or aesthetically pleasing. It refers to that which is becoming or well-appearing. It can be used to describe things that are morally right or physically attractive. As an adjective, it modifies nouns to describe their quality of being fitting or beautiful.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΠΡΕΠΩΝ, ΑΡΜΟΔΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΠΡΕΠΗΣ (from which ΕΥ̓ΠΡΕΠΕΣ is derived) is a compound word formed from the prefix ΕΥ̓ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and ΠΡΕΠΩ (prepo), meaning 'to be fitting' or 'to be proper'. Thus, it literally means 'well-fitting' or 'well-appearing'.

G1793

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: en-TEF-xoh-MEH-nohn

Translations: those who will meet, those who will encounter, those who will appeal, those who will intercede

Notes: This word is a future middle participle, meaning 'those who will meet with', 'those who will encounter', or 'those who will appeal to/intercede for'. It describes an action that will happen in the future, performed by the subject, and often implies a personal encounter or a formal appeal. It is a compound word, combining 'ἐν' (in, among) and 'τυγχάνω' (to happen, to obtain).

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine, Future, Middle Voice, Participle

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ

G1925

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ep-ee-KHO-ree-os

Translations: local, native, indigenous, belonging to the country, a local, a native

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'local' or 'native'. It describes something or someone that belongs to a particular place or country. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, over) and 'χώρα' (country, land). It can be used to describe a person as 'a native' or 'a local inhabitant', or to describe customs, plants, or animals as 'indigenous' to a region.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΠΙΟΣ, ΑΥΤΟΧΘΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἐπιχώριος (epichōrios) is a compound derived from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the noun χώρα (chōra), meaning 'country' or 'land'. It literally means 'upon the land' or 'belonging to the land'.

G5108

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: toy-OO-tos

Translations: such, such a, such a kind, such a one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to refer to something or someone previously mentioned or implied, indicating their nature or quality. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, standing in for a noun (e.g., 'such a one').

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Singular or Plural; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It inflects to agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case.

Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun οὗτος (houtos, "this") and the correlative pronoun οἷος (hoios, "such as"). It literally means "this kind of".

G5179

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TY-poss

Translations: type, pattern, example, form, image, model, figure, impression, a type, a pattern

Notes: This word refers to a mark, impression, or stamp, often made by a blow or pressure. It can denote the form or shape of something, a model, a pattern to be imitated, or an example to be followed. In a broader sense, it can also refer to a prefiguring or foreshadowing of something to come.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ, ΕΙΚΩΝ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb τύπτω (typtō), meaning 'to strike, beat, or hit'. The noun thus refers to the result of striking, such as an impression or a mark.

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G4976

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SKHEE-mah

Translations: form, a form, figure, a figure, appearance, an appearance, fashion, a fashion, outward show

Notes: This word refers to the outward form, appearance, or fashion of something. It describes the external shape or presentation, often implying something that is transient or superficial, as opposed to the inner essence or nature. It can be used to describe the physical shape of an object, the manner or style of a person's behavior, or the general state of things.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΟΡΦΗ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΤΥΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold', through its perfect passive stem, referring to that which is held or has a certain shape or condition.

G5056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: teh-lev-TEE

Translations: end, death, completion, an end, a death

Notes: This word refers to the end or completion of something, often specifically signifying death or the cessation of life. It can be used in contexts describing the conclusion of a period or an event, but most commonly denotes the ultimate end of a person's life.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΟΣ, ΠΕΡΑΣ

Etymology: From the verb τελευτάω (teleutaō), meaning 'to finish, complete, die', which itself comes from τέλος (telos), meaning 'end, goal, completion'.

G5104, G3588

Part of Speech: Particle, Definite Article

Sounds like: TOY

Translations: indeed, surely, then, for them, to them, to the, for the

Notes: ΤΟΙ can function as an enclitic particle, adding emphasis or indicating a consequence, often translated as 'indeed,' 'surely,' or 'then.' It can also be the dative masculine or neuter plural form of the definite article 'the,' meaning 'to the' or 'for the,' or referring to 'them' when used as a pronoun. Its meaning depends heavily on context.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle); Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter (as a definite article)

Synonyms: ΓΑΡ, ΔΗ, ΟΙ

Etymology: The particle ΤΟΙ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the demonstrative pronoun. The definite article ΤΟΙ (dative plural) derives from Proto-Indo-European roots related to demonstrative pronouns.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G5179

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TOO-pon

Translations: type, a type, pattern, a pattern, example, an example, form, a form, figure, a figure, model, a model, impression, an impression, mark, a mark

Notes: This word refers to a pattern, model, or example that serves as a standard or guide. It can also denote an impression or mark left by a blow or pressure. In a broader sense, it can refer to a prefiguring or foreshadowing of something to come, especially in a theological context.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΔΕΙΓΜΑ, ΕΙΚΩΝ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

G3030

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lee-ba-NOO

Translations: (of) Lebanon, (of) frankincense, (of) a frankincense

Notes: This word refers to either the geographical region of Lebanon or to frankincense, a fragrant resin used in ancient times. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of Lebanon' or 'of frankincense'. For example, it might describe something belonging to or coming from Lebanon, or something made of or related to frankincense.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The word is of Semitic origin, referring to the region of Lebanon, known for its cedar trees and aromatic resins. It is also the source of the word for frankincense, which was often traded from this region.

G2722

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-TES-khon

Translations: they held, they possessed, they occupied, they seized, they restrained, they suppressed

Notes: ΚΑΤΕΣΧΟΝ is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb ΚΑΤΕΧΩ. This verb generally means to hold fast, possess, occupy, seize, or restrain. In its aorist form, it describes an action that occurred in the past, often completed or viewed as a whole. It can be used to describe taking possession of land, holding onto something firmly, or restraining someone or something.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΕΧΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-sah

Translations: as many as, all that, whatever, how many, all things whatsoever, whatever things

Notes: This word is the neuter plural form of the relative pronoun/adjective ὅσος (hosos). It means 'as many as' or 'all that/which' and is used to introduce a relative clause, referring to an indefinite quantity or number of things. It can function as both a pronoun (e.g., 'whatever things') or an adjective (e.g., 'as many things as'). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: PANTA, HAPAS

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode, 'this') and the interrogative pronoun τίς (tis, 'who? what?').

G2281

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tha-LAS-san

Translations: sea, a sea

Notes: This word refers to a large body of salt water, such as an ocean or a large lake. It is commonly used to describe the sea as a physical location or as a powerful natural force. In sentences, it often appears as the direct object of a verb, indicating something done to or with the sea.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΩΚΕΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'thalassa' is of pre-Greek, Mediterranean origin, likely borrowed into Greek from an earlier language spoken in the Aegean region. It is not derived from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G3360

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during

Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ

Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.

G5669

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oh-keh-ah-NOO

Translations: of ocean, of the ocean, of the sea, of the great sea

Notes: This word refers to the ocean or the great sea, often conceived as a vast river encircling the earth. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, similar to saying 'of the ocean' or 'belonging to the ocean'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΘΑΛΑΣΣΗΣ, ΠΕΛΑΓΟΥΣ

Etymology: From an unknown pre-Greek source. It refers to the mythical world-river that encircled the flat earth and was the source of all fresh water.

G1884

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-id-ee-OH-sah-meh-noy

Translations: having made one's own, having appropriated, having taken possession of, having acquired

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from ἐκ (ek, "out of") and ἰδιόω (idioō, "to make one's own"). It means to make something one's own, to appropriate it, or to take possession of it. It implies a strong sense of personal acquisition or ownership, often with the nuance of taking something for oneself out of a larger whole.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΤΑΣΘΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΕΙΝ, ΚΑΤΕΧΕΙΝ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G3305

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN-toy

Translations: however, certainly, indeed, nevertheless, yet, truly

Notes: ΜΕΝΤΟΙ is a particle used to introduce a strong contrast or to emphasize a statement. It often means 'however' or 'nevertheless' when introducing a contrasting idea, or 'certainly' or 'indeed' when adding emphasis to a preceding statement. It can be used to affirm something strongly or to mark a transition to a more important or contrasting point.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΔΕ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: From the particle μέν (men) meaning 'on the one hand' or 'indeed', and τοι (toi) meaning 'surely' or 'indeed'. It combines these elements to form a stronger emphatic or adversative particle.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-ay-go-REE-ai

Translations: addresses, appellations, greetings, salutations, titles, names

Notes: This word refers to a form of address, a greeting, a salutation, or a title given to someone. It can also mean a name or an appellation. It is typically used in contexts where one person is speaking to or about another, often with a specific form of address or a respectful title.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΤΑ, ΚΛΗΣΕΙΣ, ΧΑΙΡΕΤΙΣΜΟΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and ἀγορεύω (agoreuō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to address'. It literally means 'a speaking to' or 'an address'.

G3838

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pan-teh-LOHS

Translations: completely, altogether, entirely, perfectly, utterly

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'completely' or 'entirely'. It is used to emphasize the absolute or full extent of an action or state, indicating that something is done or exists without reservation or remainder. For example, it can describe something as being 'utterly destroyed' or 'perfectly healed'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΛΩΣ, ΤΕΛΕΙΩΣ, ΑΚΡΑΙΦΝΩΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΝΤΕΛΩΣ is derived from the Greek words πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all', and τέλος (telos), meaning 'end' or 'completion'. Thus, it literally means 'to the very end' or 'all-complete'.

G1820

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ex-EE-tee-loi

Translations: faded, worn out, perishable, obsolete, forgotten, vanished

Notes: This word describes something that has lost its original quality, freshness, or validity. It can refer to things that are worn out, faded, or have become obsolete and are no longer in use or remembered. It implies a state of decay or disappearance over time.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΗΣ, ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΑΛΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΞΙΤΗΛΟΣ (exitēlos) is a compound word formed from the prefix ἐξ- (ex-), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the root ἰτηλός (itēlos), which is related to ἴημι (iēmi), meaning 'to send' or 'to go'. Thus, it conveys the idea of something that has 'gone out' or 'passed away'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-GOH-nah-sin

Translations: have become, have been, have come to pass, have happened, have arisen

Notes: This word is the perfect active indicative, third person plural form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It describes an action that was completed in the past but has continuing results or a present state. It can mean 'they have become,' 'they have been,' or 'they have happened/come to pass,' indicating a state of being or an event that has occurred and whose effects are still relevant.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

G1722

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-NEE-ohn

Translations: of some, of certain, of some people, of certain people

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'some' or 'certain'. It is used to refer to an unspecified number or group of people or things. In this form, it is the genitive plural, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of some' or 'of certain'. It functions similarly to the English 'some' or 'certain' when referring to a group.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΙΝΩΝ, ΕΤΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΙΟΣ (enios) is derived from the preposition ἘΝ (en), meaning 'in' or 'among'. It signifies a part of a larger group or collection.

G3328

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: meh-tah-bah-LOO-seh

Translations: having changed, having turned, having altered, having shifted

Notes: This word is a compound participle formed from the preposition ΜΕΤΑ (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (ballo), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. Together, it means 'to throw oneself after', 'to turn around', or 'to change'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, indicating that the subject has undergone a change or a turning.

Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Nominative, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ, ΜΕΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G1426

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: doos-GNO-stoy

Translations: hard to understand, difficult to know, obscure, unintelligible

Notes: This word is a compound adjective formed from the prefix 'δυσ-' (dys-), meaning 'bad' or 'difficult,' and 'γνωστός' (gnostos), meaning 'known' or 'knowable.' Therefore, it describes something that is difficult to know or understand, or something that is obscure. It is used to characterize things, concepts, or people that are not easily comprehended.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΔΗΛΟΙ, ΑΣΑΦΕΙΣ

G5177

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: TIN-kha-noo-sin

Translations: they happen, they obtain, they meet, they attain, they get, they fall upon

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to happen,' 'to obtain,' 'to meet,' or 'to attain.' It describes an action where someone or something comes across or acquires something, often by chance or by reaching a certain state or goal. It can be used to indicate that something occurs or that someone receives or experiences something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

G5442

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: foo-LAKH-san-tes

Translations: having guarded, having kept, having observed, having preserved, having watched

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'φυλάσσω' (phylassō), meaning 'to guard,' 'to keep,' 'to observe,' or 'to preserve.' As an aorist active participle, it describes an action that was completed in the past by the subject, functioning like an adjective or adverb to modify a noun or verb. It indicates that the subject performed the action of guarding or keeping.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΡΟΥΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΤΗΡΕΩ

G0129

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ahee-thee-O-pes

Translations: Ethiopians

Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of Ethiopia, a country in Northeast Africa. It is used to denote people from that region, often in a geographical or ethnic context.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative

Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek words 'αἴθω' (aithō, meaning 'I burn') and 'ὤψ' (ōps, meaning 'face'), referring to people with 'burnt faces' or dark complexions, which was how the ancient Greeks described the inhabitants of the region south of Egypt.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G0773

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-SEE-ah

Translations: Asia

Notes: This word refers to the Roman province of Asia, located in western Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). It was a significant region in the ancient world, frequently mentioned in historical and biblical texts. It is used to denote the geographical area.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Asia' is of ancient origin, possibly from an Anatolian or Akkadian word. It was used by the Greeks to refer to the land east of the Aegean Sea, eventually encompassing the entire continent.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: khoo-SAI-oy

Translations: Cushites, the Cushites

Notes: This word refers to the people descended from Cush, who was a son of Ham according to the biblical genealogies. They are often associated with the region of Ethiopia or Nubia. In a sentence, it would be used to identify these people, for example, 'the Cushites lived in the land of Cush'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: Derived from Χους (Chous), which is the Greek transliteration of the Hebrew name Cush. It refers to the descendants or inhabitants of the land of Cush.

G5083

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-tay-RAY-thay

Translations: it was kept, it was observed, it was guarded, it was preserved

Notes: This is a verb in the aorist passive indicative, third person singular. It means 'it was kept,' 'it was observed,' 'it was guarded,' or 'it was preserved.' It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject of the verb is the recipient of the action (i.e., it was acted upon). For example, 'the law was kept' or 'the city was guarded.'

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΔΙΑΤΗΡΕΩ

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G3420

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MNEE-may

Translations: memory, remembrance, a memory, a remembrance

Notes: This word refers to the faculty by which things are recalled to the mind, or the act of remembering. It can also refer to the state of being remembered or the record of something. It is typically used in sentences to denote the concept of recollection or a memorial.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΜΝΗΣΙΣ, ΜΝΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΝΗΜΗ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *men-, meaning 'to think, remember'. It is related to other Greek words concerning the mind and memory.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: MER-sen

Translations: Merses, Egypt

Notes: This word is a proper noun, likely referring to a place or a people. In the provided context, it appears to be an alternative name for Egypt, or a region within it, with 'Μερσαίους' referring to the Egyptians. It is used in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΜΕΡΣΗΣ' as a name for Egypt or a region within it is not well-documented in standard Greek lexicons. It may be a transliteration or a regional name not widely attested.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: mer-SAI-oos

Translations: Mersaeans, Egyptians, a Mersaean, an Egyptian

Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of a region called Mersa, or more generally, to Egyptians. It is a proper noun or an adjective used as a noun, indicating origin or ethnicity. It would be used in a sentence to describe people from that specific area or people of Egyptian descent.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΙΓΥΠΤΙΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'ΜΕΡΣΑΙΟΣ' is derived from 'ΜΕΡΣΑ' (Mersa), which is a name for Egypt or a specific region within it. It functions as a demonym, indicating origin from that place.

G0537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PAN-tes

Translations: all, everyone, the whole, every

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'everyone'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to emphasize the totality or completeness of a group or thing, often translated as 'all without exception' or 'the whole of'. It can be used to describe people or things.

Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΕΣ, ΟΛΟΙ

Etymology: The word ἅπας (hapas) is a compound of the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the adjective πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. The combination emphasizes the sense of 'all' or 'the whole' in a comprehensive manner.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOW-tay

Translations: of this, to this, by this, with this, this

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific that is near the speaker or has just been mentioned. As a feminine singular form, it can function as either a genitive case, indicating possession or origin (e.g., 'of this woman'), or a dative case, indicating indirect object or means (e.g., 'to this woman' or 'by means of this'). Its precise meaning depends on the context and the preposition it might be used with.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Genitive or Dative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΗ, ΕΚΕΙΝΗ

Etymology: The word 'οὗτος' (houtos), from which 'ταύτῃ' is derived, is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek. It is believed to have originated from a combination of the definite article and a pronominal stem, indicating proximity or reference to something previously mentioned.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-LOO-men

Translations: we call, we invite, we name, we summon

Notes: This word means 'we call' or 'we invite'. It is used to describe the action of a group of people (specifically, 'we') performing the act of calling, inviting, naming, or summoning someone or something. For example, 'we call him by this name' or 'we invite them to the feast'.

Inflection: First Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝ, ΕΠΙΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- ('to shout, to call'). It is related to Latin calo ('to call out, summon') and Old English hild ('battle, strife', originally 'noise, clamor').

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: FOO-dees

Translations: Phoudes

Notes: This word is a proper noun, likely referring to a person or a place. Its specific meaning and context are very obscure and it does not appear in standard Koine Greek lexicons or biblical texts. It might be a transliteration of a foreign name or a very rare or specialized term from a non-biblical source.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of ΦΟΥΔΗΣ is unknown. It is not a common Greek word and may be a transliteration from another language, possibly Egyptian, given the context provided in the example usage.

G2040

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ep-ee-KHO-ree-oos

Translations: native, local, a native, a local, indigenous, belonging to the country

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is native to a particular place or country, or belonging to the local area. It is used to refer to people, customs, or things that are indigenous or characteristic of a specific region. In the provided examples, it refers to 'native Mysians' and 'local deities' or 'local forces'.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΓΧΩΡΙΟΣ, ΕΝΤΟΠΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΧΩΡΙΟΣ (epichōrios) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and ΧΩΡΑ (chōra), meaning 'land' or 'country'. Thus, it literally means 'on the land' or 'of the country'.

G4215

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: poh-TAH-moss

Translations: river, a river, stream, a stream, flood, a flood

Notes: This word refers to a river, stream, or a large flow of water, often implying a significant body of water. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a flood or an overwhelming abundance of something, such as a 'river of fire' as seen in some contexts. It is a masculine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΕΥΜΑ, ΝΑΜΑ

Etymology: From an assumed root meaning 'to drink'. It is related to words signifying 'drinkable water' or 'a drink'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: MAW-ron

Translations: of Mauron

Notes: This word is a proper noun, likely referring to a geographical location or a people, specifically in the genitive case. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'of Mauron' or 'belonging to Mauron'. In the provided context, it refers to 'the land of Mauron'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΜΑΥΡΩΝ' as a specific proper noun is not widely documented in standard Koine Greek lexicons, as it likely refers to a specific, possibly obscure, geographical or tribal name rather than a common word with a traceable linguistic root.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EKH-ohn

Translations: having, holding, possessing, being in possession of

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like a verbal adjective, describing someone or something that is in the act of having or holding something. It can be translated as 'having' or 'one who has', and often introduces a clause explaining what someone possesses or is doing.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩΝ

Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to have'). It is a common verb in ancient Greek, with a wide range of meanings related to possession, state, and action.

G3606

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: O-THEN

Translations: from where, whence, wherefore, therefore, for which reason

Notes: This word is an adverb that can indicate either origin or consequence. It is used to ask or state 'from where' something comes or originates. It can also be used to mean 'therefore' or 'for which reason', indicating a logical conclusion or cause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟ, ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *ho- (meaning 'this' or 'that') combined with the suffix -θεν, which indicates origin or source. It is related to other adverbs of place and origin in Greek.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PLAY-stoos

Translations: most, very many, the greatest number

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. 'ΠΛΕΙΣΤΟΥΣ' specifically means 'most' or 'very many' and is used to describe a large quantity or number of masculine nouns in the accusative case. For example, it could refer to 'most people' or 'very many things'.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΜΠΟΛΛΟΥΣ, ΠΟΛΛΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word 'πολύς' (polys), from which 'πλείστους' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'full' or 'much'.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-DEIN

Translations: to see, to perceive, to behold, to look, to know, to understand

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horao), meaning 'to see'. It is used to express the action of seeing or perceiving in a general sense, often without a specific time frame. It can also imply understanding or knowing something through observation. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He desired to see the truth' or 'It is good to see the light'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ὁράω' (horao) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'. The aorist stem 'ἰδ-' (id-) is derived from a different, but related, Proto-Indo-European root, which also means 'to see' or 'to know'.

G3403

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: mem-NEE-meh-noos

Translations: remembering, having remembered, mindful, being mindful

Notes: This word is a perfect middle/passive participle, meaning 'remembering' or 'having remembered'. It describes someone who is in a state of having remembered something or who is mindful of something. It is often used to indicate a continuous state of remembering or being aware.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Perfect, Middle/Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΜΝΗΜΟΝΕΥΟΝΤΑΣ, ΕΝΘΥΜΟΥΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The verb μέμνημαι (memnēmai) is the perfect tense of μιμνήσκω (mimnēskō), meaning 'to remind' or 'to remember'. It is related to the noun μνήμη (mnēmē), meaning 'memory'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G5561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHO-ras

Translations: of a country, of a region, of a land, of a place, of the country, of the region, of the land, of the place, countries, regions, lands, places

Notes: This word refers to a country, region, land, or place. It is often used to denote a specific geographical area or territory. In its genitive singular form, it indicates possession or origin, such as 'of a country' or 'from a region'. It can also function as the nominative or accusative plural, meaning 'countries' or 'regions'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΓΗ

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: leh-go-MEH-nays

Translations: of the one being called, of the one being said, of the so-called, of the one named

Notes: This word is the genitive singular feminine form of the present passive participle of the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' (lego), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions adjectivally, describing a feminine noun. It refers to something or someone that is being called, named, or referred to in a particular way, often translated as 'of the so-called' or 'of the one being called'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΗΣ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΗΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΛΕΓΩ' (lego) comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to gather, to collect, to speak'. In Greek, it evolved to primarily mean 'to speak' or 'to say'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TEH

Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves

Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: mes-RA-moo

Translations: of Mesram, of Mizraim, of Egypt

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Mesram' (ΜΕΣΡΑΜ), which is a transliteration of the Hebrew name 'Mizraim'. In ancient texts, Mizraim often refers to Egypt or the Egyptian people. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to 'of Egypt' or 'belonging to Egypt'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The word ΜΕΣΡΑΜ is a Greek transliteration of the Hebrew word מִצְרַיִם (Mizraim), which is the ancient Hebrew name for Egypt. It is believed to be a dual form, possibly referring to the 'two Egypts' (Upper and Lower Egypt).

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOH-meh-noo

Translations: (of) said, (of) called, (of) named, (of) spoken of, (of) being said, (of) being called

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state. In this form, it means 'of one who is being said' or 'of one who is being called/named'. It often refers to someone or something that is commonly known by a certain name or description.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΥ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΥ

Etymology: The word 'λέγω' (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-, meaning 'to gather, collect', which evolved to 'to pick out, choose' and then 'to speak' or 'to say' in Greek, implying the 'picking out' of words.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loo

Translations: much, many, great, greatly, often, a lot

Notes: This word is commonly used to indicate a large quantity, degree, or frequency. As an adverb, it means 'much,' 'greatly,' or 'often,' modifying verbs or adjectives. As an adjective, it means 'much' (for singular nouns) or 'many' (for plural nouns), describing the quantity of something. It can also mean 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΛΑ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is a very common word across various Indo-European languages.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ah-go-REH-oo-sthai

Translations: to be called, to be named, to be addressed, to be saluted, to be proclaimed

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from 'πρός' (to, toward) and 'ἀγορεύω' (to speak, to proclaim). In its passive infinitive form, as seen here, it means 'to be called' or 'to be named'. It is used to indicate that someone or something is referred to by a particular name or title, or that they are addressed or saluted.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΙΣΘΑΙ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΕΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition 'πρός' (to, toward) and the verb 'ἀγορεύω' (to speak, to proclaim). 'Ἀγορεύω' is derived from 'ἀγορά' (agora), meaning 'assembly' or 'marketplace', referring to public speaking.

G4819

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-BE-bee-keh

Translations: it has happened, it has come to pass, it has occurred, it has resulted, it has turned out, it has befallen, it has coincided

Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb 'symbainō'. It describes an event or situation that has already taken place or come to pass. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it happens' or 'it occurs', indicating a past event or a state of affairs that has resulted from something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ

G5478

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KHA-na-NAI-oss

Translations: Canaanite, a Canaanite

Notes: This word refers to an inhabitant of Canaan, an ancient region located in the Levant, corresponding roughly to modern-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and parts of Syria and Jordan. It can be used as a proper noun to identify a person from this region or as an adjective to describe something related to Canaan.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Etymology: The word is derived from the Hebrew word 'Kena'an' (כְּנַעַן), referring to the land of Canaan and its inhabitants.

G5067

Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective

Sounds like: teh-TAR-tos

Translations: fourth, a fourth

Notes: This word is an ordinal numeral meaning 'fourth'. It is used to indicate the position of something in a sequence, such as 'the fourth day' or 'the fourth person'. As an adjective, it agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (can also be Feminine, Neuter, and other cases like Genitive, Dative, Accusative, and Vocative, and Plural)

Etymology: From τέσσαρες (tessares), meaning 'four'. It is the ordinal form derived from the cardinal number.

G3816

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PAIS

Translations: child, a child, boy, a boy, girl, a girl, servant, a servant, slave, a slave

Notes: This word refers to a child, whether a boy or a girl, and can also denote a servant or slave, regardless of age. Its meaning often depends on the context, indicating a young person or someone in a position of servitude. For example, it can refer to a son or daughter, or a male or female attendant.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΔΟΥΛΟΣ, ΚΟΡΑΣΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- ('small, few'). It is related to words meaning 'child' or 'small' in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ka-loo-MEH-nayn

Translations: called, named, being called, being named, the one called, the one named

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to name'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that is being called or named. It can be used to introduce a descriptive phrase or clause, often indicating a characteristic or identity.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

G3611

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: oy-KEE-sas

Translations: having settled, having founded, having built, having inhabited

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'οἰκίζω' (oikizō), meaning 'to settle,' 'to found,' or 'to build a house or city.' As a participle, it describes an action completed in the past by the subject, often translated as 'having settled' or 'having founded.' It functions adjectivally or adverbially in a sentence, modifying a noun or describing the circumstances of an action.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΤΙΖΩ, ΙΔΡΥΩ

Etymology: From 'οἶκος' (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'dwelling,' and the suffix '-ίζω' (-izō), which forms verbs indicating an action related to the root noun. Thus, it means 'to make a house' or 'to establish a dwelling.'

G5477

Part of Speech: Adjective, Proper Noun

Sounds like: KHAH-nah-NAH-ee-ahn

Translations: Canaanite, a Canaanite, (of) Canaan, (to) Canaan

Notes: This word refers to something or someone from Canaan, the ancient land mentioned in the Bible. It can be used as an adjective to describe things related to Canaan, or as a proper noun to refer to a person from Canaan or the land itself. In the provided context, it refers to the land of Canaan.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: From Hebrew כְּנַעַן (Kənaʿan), referring to the land and its inhabitants.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KHOO-soo

Translations: Chusou, Cush

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely referring to a person or place name. Based on the context of the provided examples, which discuss ancient peoples and their settlements, it is highly probable that 'ΧΟΥΣΟΥ' is a transliteration or variant spelling of 'Cush' (also known as 'Kush'), an ancient kingdom located south of Egypt in Nubia. The Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) often uses 'Χους' (Chous) for Cush, and 'ΧΟΥΣΟΥ' could be a genitive form or a variant spelling of this name, or a related name.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive

Etymology: The name 'Cush' (Χους in Greek) is of ancient Semitic origin, referring to a region and people south of Egypt. The form 'ΧΟΥΣΟΥ' is likely a Greek adaptation or inflection of this name.

G1537, G1803

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: eks

Translations: out of, from, by, of, six

Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ

Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EK-tee-sen

Translations: he created, he founded, he made, he built

Notes: This word means 'he created' or 'he founded'. It describes an action of bringing something into existence or establishing something. It is often used in contexts referring to God's creation of the world or the establishment of something new.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΕΩ

Etymology: The word κτίζω (ktizō) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to found' or 'to build'. It is related to the idea of establishing a settlement or creating something from scratch.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: gah-ee-TOO-loy

Translations: Gaetulians

Notes: This word refers to the Gaetulians, an ancient Berber people of Gaetulia in North Africa. They were known for their nomadic lifestyle and often came into conflict with the Roman Empire. The word is used to denote the people themselves.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Gaetulians' is of ancient origin, referring to the indigenous inhabitants of Gaetulia, a region in ancient North Africa. The precise etymology of the name itself is uncertain, but it is believed to be of native North African (Berber) origin.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: sah-BAHK-tahs

Translations: Sabaktas

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely a personal name or a name referring to a founder or progenitor of a people group. In the provided context, it is used in a genealogical or foundational sense, similar to how 'Ramos' is associated with 'Ramaious' and 'Ioudadas' with 'Ioudadaious'. It does not appear in standard Koine Greek lexicons, suggesting it might be a rare or specific name from a particular text or tradition.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of 'Sabaktas' is unknown. It does not appear to be derived from common Greek roots and may be of foreign origin, possibly Semitic or Egyptian, given the historical context of Koine Greek and its interactions with surrounding cultures.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: RAH-mos

Translations: Ramos

Notes: This is a proper noun, likely a personal name. In the provided context, 'Ramos' is described as the founder of the 'Ramaians' (ΡΑΜΑΙΟΥΣ), indicating it refers to an individual who established or settled a group of people or a place.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of 'Ramos' in a Koine Greek context is not clearly documented as a common Greek word. It appears to be a transliteration of a foreign name or a name of non-Greek origin, possibly Semitic or Egyptian, given the context of founding peoples which often involves historical or legendary figures from various regions.

G3611

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-KEE-seh

Translations: he founded, she founded, it founded, he settled, she settled, it settled, he colonized, she colonized, it colonized, he built, she built, it built

Notes: This is a verb meaning to found, settle, or colonize. It refers to the act of establishing a dwelling place, a city, or a group of people in a new location. It is used to describe the action of someone establishing a community or a building.

Inflection: Third person singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΤΙΖΩ, ΙΔΡΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΙΖΩ is derived from the Greek word ΟΙΚΟΣ (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'dwelling'. It refers to the act of making a place a home or establishing a settlement.

G3816

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PAI-das

Translations: children, boys, servants, slaves

Notes: This word refers to children, particularly boys, but can also denote young people in general, or even servants and slaves regardless of age, depending on the context. It is used here in the accusative plural form, indicating that the children/boys/servants are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΑ, ΥΙΟΙ, ΔΟΥΛΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΑΙΣ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'child' or 'boy'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that refer to young people or offspring.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-khen

Translations: he had, she had, it had, he held, she held, it held, he possessed, she possessed, it possessed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It can be used to indicate possession, a state of being, or to describe someone holding or keeping something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἔχω (echō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with a wide range of meanings and uses.

G1659

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ess-peh-ree-OHN

Translations: western, of the evening, evening, a westerner, the evening star

Notes: This word describes something related to the evening or the west. As an adjective, it can modify a noun to indicate its western origin or its association with the evening. It can also function as a noun, referring to a person from the west or, in some contexts, the evening star. The form ΕΣΠΕΡΙΩΝ is the genitive plural of the adjective, meaning 'of the westerners' or 'of the evening (things/people)'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΥΤΙΚΟΣ, ΕΣΠΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: Derived from the Greek word ΕΣΠΕΡΑ (hespera), meaning 'evening' or 'west'. It refers to the direction where the sun sets.

G3467

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: nah-BROH-dees

Translations: Nimrod

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Nimrod, a biblical figure described in the Book of Genesis as a mighty hunter and king. He is traditionally associated with the construction of the Tower of Babel and the founding of several cities in Mesopotamia. In Koine Greek texts, it is used to identify this specific historical or legendary person.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The Greek name Ναβρώδης (Nabrodes) is derived from the Hebrew name נִמְרוֹד (Nimrod). The ultimate origin of the Hebrew name is uncertain, but it is often associated with the Hebrew verb מָרַד (marad), meaning 'to rebel'.

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HUI-os

Translations: son, a son

Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.

G5278

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: hoo-po-MEH-nas

Translations: having endured, having remained, having persevered, having waited patiently

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ὑπομένω' (hypomenō). It signifies the action of enduring, remaining, persevering, or waiting patiently, completed in the past. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing the subject who performed the action, or like an adverb, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main verb's action.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'ὑπομένω' (hypomenō) is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'beneath', and 'μένω' (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to stay'. Thus, it literally means 'to remain under' or 'to stay under', which evolved to convey the sense of enduring or persevering through difficulties.

G0896

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: bah-by-LOH-nee-oys

Translations: to Babylonians, for Babylonians, with Babylonians, by Babylonians, a Babylonian, Babylonians

Notes: This word refers to someone from Babylon, or something pertaining to Babylon. It is an adjective that can also function as a noun, meaning 'a Babylonian' or 'Babylonians'. In this inflected form, it indicates the dative case, meaning it is used to show the indirect object of a verb, or to indicate association, instrument, or location, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'with', or 'by'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

G5175

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-too-RAN-nee-sen

Translations: he reigned as a tyrant, he ruled tyrannically, he exercised arbitrary power, he was a tyrant

Notes: This word describes the action of ruling as a tyrant or exercising tyrannical power. It implies a harsh, oppressive, or arbitrary form of governance, often without legitimate right or with excessive cruelty. It is used to describe someone who has seized power and rules without regard for the law or the welfare of the people.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΩ, ΔΥΝΑΣΤΕΥΩ

Etymology: From the noun ΤΥΡΑΝΝΟΣ (tyrannos), meaning 'absolute ruler, tyrant'. The word 'tyrannos' itself is of pre-Greek origin, possibly from Lydian, and was originally a neutral term for a ruler before acquiring its negative connotations.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G4387

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G1213

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: deh-DEH-loh-tai

Translations: it has been made clear, it has been shown, it has been declared, it has been revealed

Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'δηλόω' (dēloō), meaning 'to make clear,' 'to show,' or 'to declare.' In this form, it indicates an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results in the present, specifically that something 'has been made clear' or 'has been shown.' It is used to state a fact that is now evident or established.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΔΕΙΓΝΥΜΙ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ

G3114

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: mes-RAI-oo

Translations: of Mizraim, of Egyptians, Mizraim, Egyptians

Notes: This word refers to Mizraim, a son of Ham in the biblical genealogies, who is understood to be the ancestor of the Egyptians. It can refer to the land of Egypt itself or its inhabitants, the Egyptians. It is often used in a genitive sense to indicate possession or origin.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name Μεσραΐμ (Mesraïm) is a transliteration of the Hebrew מִצְרַיִם (Mitsrayim), which is the dual form of a word meaning 'fortress' or 'border'. It refers to the land of Egypt.

G1048

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: GAH-zays

Translations: of Gaza

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun "Gaza," referring to the ancient city located in the southwestern Levant. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to saying "of Gaza" or "Gaza's" in English. For example, it might be used in phrases like "the walls of Gaza" or "the king of Gaza."

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The name "Gaza" is of Semitic origin, likely from a word meaning "strong" or "fortress." It has been known by this name since ancient times.

G3441

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MO-noo

Translations: of alone, of only, of single, of solitary

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'alone,' 'only,' 'single,' or 'solitary.' It describes something that is by itself or unique. As a genitive singular form, it typically indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of' or implying 'belonging to' or 'from' something singular and unique.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΡΗΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *mon- meaning 'to remain, to stand still'. It is related to the idea of being singular or standing alone.

G2034

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-oh-noo-MEE-an

Translations: name, a name, surname, a surname, appellation, a designation

Notes: This word refers to a name, a surname, or a designation given to someone or something. It can also refer to the act of naming or the origin of a name. It is often used to indicate the source or reason for a name being given.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑ, ΠΡΟΣΗΓΟΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΩΝΥΜΙΑ (epōnymia) is a compound word derived from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and ΟΝΟΜΑ (onoma), meaning 'name'. It literally means 'that which is upon a name' or 'a name given upon something'.

G3313

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MOI-ran

Translations: a part, a portion, a share, a lot, destiny, fate

Notes: ΜΟΙΡΑΝ is a feminine noun meaning a part, portion, or share of something. It can also refer to one's lot in life, destiny, or fate. It is used to describe a division or allocation of something, or the predetermined course of events for an individual.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΕΡΟΣ, ΚΛΗΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *smer- meaning 'to allot, assign'. It is related to the verb μείρομαι (meiromai), meaning 'to receive one's share'.

G2730

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-toy-KAY-sahn-tos

Translations: of dwelling, of inhabiting, of residing, of settling, of one who dwelt, of one who inhabited

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'katoikeō', meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. As a participle, it describes an action performed by someone and functions like an adjective or adverb. In this genitive form, it often translates as 'of one who dwelt' or 'of dwelling'. It is a compound word formed from 'kata' (down, against) and 'oikeō' (to dwell, to inhabit).

Inflection: Singular, Aorist, Active, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΩ, ΕΝΟΙΚΕΩ

G5602

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OH-deh

Translations: here, hither, in this place, to this place

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating location or direction, meaning 'here' or 'to this place'. It is used to point to a specific location or to indicate movement towards the speaker or a particular spot. For example, it can be used in commands like 'Come here!' or to state that something is located 'here'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΝΘΑΔΕ, ΕΝΤΑΥΘΑ

Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *ho- (this) and the locative suffix -de. It indicates proximity to the speaker.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ka-le-SAN-tos

Translations: of the one who called, of the one who has called, of the one who invited, of the one who has invited

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to invite'. As a genitive singular masculine participle, it refers to 'the one who called' or 'the one who invited'. It functions like a noun in this form, indicating possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the will of the one who called us'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ, ΕΠΙΚΑΛΕΩ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: NEH-deh-moo

Translations: Nedemos, of Nedemos

Notes: This word is likely the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Nedemos'. It would be used to indicate possession or origin, similar to 'of Nedemos' in English. It appears to be a personal name or a place name, possibly related to a region or a person who settled there, as suggested by the context.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of 'Nedemos' is uncertain, as it appears to be a proper noun of possibly non-Greek origin, perhaps Semitic or North African, given the context of Libya.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: kheph-THOH-moo

Translations: Chephthomou, of Chephthomou

Notes: This word is a proper noun, likely a personal name or a place name. The ending -ου indicates the genitive case, meaning it would typically be translated as 'of Chephthomou' or 'Chephthomou's'. It appears to be a transliteration of a foreign name into Greek.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of this specific proper noun is not readily available in standard Greek lexicons, suggesting it may be a transliteration of a foreign name (e.g., Hebrew or Egyptian) rather than a word derived from common Greek roots.

G4171

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-leh-mos

Translations: war, a war, battle, a battle, fight, a fight

Notes: This word refers to a state of armed conflict between different countries or groups, or a particular series of battles or campaigns. It can also refer to a struggle or conflict of any kind. It is typically used in the singular, but can also be found in the plural to denote multiple conflicts or aspects of war.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΕΡΙΣ, ΑΓΩΝ

Etymology: The etymology of ΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be of pre-Greek origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to fight' or 'to contend'.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G1213

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: day-LOH-soh-men

Translations: we will make clear, we will show, we will declare, we will reveal

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make clear,' 'to show,' 'to declare,' or 'to reveal.' It is used to express an action that will be performed by a group (we) in the future, indicating that they will make something known or evident.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, First Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΩΣΟΜΕΝ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΟΜΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΔΗΛΟΩ comes from the adjective ΔΗΛΟΣ (delos), meaning 'visible' or 'clear.' It signifies the act of making something visible or clear.

G5306

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: HOO-steh-ron

Translations: later, afterward, last, finally, the latter, the end, a later time, the later

Notes: This word indicates a point in time that comes after another, or something that is last in a sequence. It can function as an adverb meaning 'later' or 'afterward', or as an adjective/noun meaning 'the last' or 'the latter part'. It is often used to refer to a subsequent event or a final outcome.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (when functioning as a noun/adjective), Adverbial

Synonyms: ΟΨΕ, ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΤΕΛΟΣ

Etymology: From the comparative form of the adverb 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'below', indicating a position or time that is subsequent or inferior.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-non-toh

Translations: they became, they were, they came to be, they happened, they arose

Notes: This word is a past tense form of the verb 'to become' or 'to be'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, indicating a change of state, an event happening, or the coming into existence of something. It is often used to describe what happened or what came about.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΕΝΝΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey similar concepts of becoming or originating.

G5478

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KHA-na-NAI-oo

Translations: of Canaanite, Canaanite, a Canaanite

Notes: This word refers to a person from Canaan or something pertaining to Canaan. It is often used to describe the inhabitants of the land of Canaan, a region mentioned frequently in the Old Testament. It can function as a proper noun referring to a specific person or group, or as an adjective describing something as being of Canaanite origin.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From Χαναάν (Chanaan), the Hebrew name for Canaan, with the suffix -αιος indicating origin or belonging.

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G2034

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ep-OH-noo-mon

Translations: eponymous, named after, bearing the name of, a namesake

Notes: This word describes something that is named after a person, place, or thing. It indicates that the subject bears the name of someone or something else, often to honor or commemorate them. For example, a building might be 'eponymous' if it is named after its founder.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ὈΝΟΜΑΣΤΟΣ, ὈΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΩΝΥΜΟΣ (epōnymos) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'after', and ὄνομα (onoma), meaning 'name'. Thus, it literally means 'upon a name' or 'named after'.

G3748

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: HEE-tis

Translations: who, which, whoever, whichever, whatever

Notes: ΗΤΙΣ is a relative pronoun, used to introduce a clause that describes a preceding noun. It is a compound word formed from the definite article and the indefinite pronoun. It functions similarly to 'who' or 'which' in English, often providing additional information about a person or thing. It is used in a descriptive sense, often emphasizing the quality or characteristic of the antecedent.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the feminine definite article 'ἡ' (he) and the indefinite pronoun 'τις' (tis). It developed in Koine Greek to provide a more emphatic or descriptive relative pronoun than the simple 'ὅς' (hos).

G2037

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ep-ee-KHO-ree-ohn

Translations: (of) natives, (of) local inhabitants, (of) people of the country

Notes: This word refers to something or someone belonging to a particular place or country, meaning 'local' or 'native'. As an adjective, it describes people or things that are indigenous to a specific region. The form ἘΠΙΧΩΡΙΩΝ is the genitive plural, indicating 'of the natives' or 'of the local people'. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, over) and 'χώρα' (country, land).

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἘΓΧΩΡΙΩΝ, ἘΝΤΟΠΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΧΩΡΙΟΣ is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the noun χώρα (chōra), meaning 'country' or 'land'. It describes something that is 'upon the land' or 'belonging to the land'.

G0262

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-MAH-thay

Translations: unlearned, ignorant, uninstructed, an unlearned person, an ignorant person

Notes: This word describes someone who is unlearned, ignorant, or uninstructed. It refers to a lack of knowledge or education, often implying a state of being untaught or unskilled. It can be used to describe a person or a characteristic.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΓΝΩΣΤΟΣ, ἈΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΜΑΘΗΣ is a compound word formed from the privative alpha (ἀ-) meaning 'not' or 'without', and the root of the verb μανθάνω (manthanō), meaning 'to learn'. Thus, it literally means 'not learning' or 'without learning'.

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ka-loo-MEH-nee

Translations: called, named, being called, a called one, a named one

Notes: This word is the present passive participle of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to name'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is being called or named. It indicates an ongoing action of being called or designated.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Feminine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word 'καλέω' (kaleō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁-, meaning 'to shout, to call'. It is related to Latin 'calare' (to call out) and English 'hail'.

G3110

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: mah-keh-DOH-nes

Translations: Macedonians

Notes: This word refers to the people from Macedonia, a historical region and kingdom located on the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. In ancient times, the Macedonians were a distinct group, known for their military prowess, especially under leaders like Philip II and Alexander the Great.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: From Μακεδονία (Makedonía), the name of the region. The name itself is thought to be related to the ancient Greek word μακεδνός (makednós), meaning 'tall' or 'highlander', possibly referring to the inhabitants of the mountainous region.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AF

Translations: from, away from, by, of

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΑΠΟ (APO), which means 'from' or 'away from'. The final vowel of ΑΠΟ is dropped (elided) when it precedes a word that begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the apostrophe-like symbol over the vowel). It indicates separation, origin, or cause, often translated as 'from' or 'away from'. It can also denote the agent 'by' or the source 'of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab, English off, and German ab.

G3030

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lee-BAH-noh

Translations: to frankincense, with frankincense, frankincense

Notes: This word refers to frankincense, a fragrant gum resin obtained from trees, often used in ancient times for incense and perfumes. In the provided examples, it is used to describe aromatic substances or to indicate something being treated or mixed with frankincense.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΛΙΒΑΝΩΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΛΙΒΑΝΟΣ (libanos) is of Semitic origin, likely from Hebrew 'levonah' (לְבוֹנָה), meaning 'frankincense' or 'white' (referring to its color).

G4540

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: sah-mah-RAH-yoo

Translations: (of) Samaria, (of) a Samaritan, (of) the Samaritan

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of 'Samaritan', referring to someone from Samaria, a region in ancient Palestine. It can also refer to the inhabitants of Samaria or the region itself. In the New Testament, Samaritans were often viewed with disdain by Jews due to religious and ethnic differences.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The word 'Samaria' is of Hebrew origin, derived from the city and region of Samaria in ancient Israel.

G4133

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: PLAYN

Translations: but, nevertheless, except, only, however, save, yet, notwithstanding, (except) for

Notes: This word functions as an adverb, conjunction, or preposition, indicating an exception, contrast, or limitation. As an adverb, it means 'nevertheless' or 'only'. As a conjunction, it means 'but' or 'however', introducing a contrasting statement. As a preposition, it means 'except' or 'save', typically followed by a genitive case, indicating exclusion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΕΙ ΜΗ, ΧΩΡΙΣ

Etymology: From an obsolete root, possibly related to πλῆθος (plēthos, 'multitude'), suggesting a sense of 'fullness' or 'completeness' from which something is excluded.

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ee-eh-RAH-ees

Translations: to holy, to sacred, to consecrated, to divine, to a holy, to a sacred, to a consecrated, to a divine

Notes: This word describes something as holy, sacred, consecrated, or divine. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating that the noun possesses these qualities. In this form, it is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object or the means by which something is done, and it is plural and feminine, meaning it would modify a plural feminine noun.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΘΕΙΟΣ

G4842

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soom-fo-RAH

Translations: calamity, a calamity, disaster, a disaster, misfortune, a misfortune, adversity, an adversity

Notes: This word refers to an unfortunate event or situation, such as a calamity, disaster, or misfortune. It is often used to describe a severe setback or a state of adversity. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'φέρω' (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry', implying something brought together or borne upon one.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, or Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΝ, ΠΑΘΟΣ, ΔΥΣΤΥΧΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΦΟΡΑ is derived from the Greek preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. It literally means 'that which is brought together' or 'that which happens together', evolving to signify an unfortunate occurrence.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nas

Translations: having become, having come to pass, having happened, having arisen, having been made, having been created

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the result or state of something having come into existence or having taken place. For example, it could be used to describe 'things that have happened' or 'events that have come to pass.'

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Accusative Case, Feminine Gender, Plural Number

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑΣ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΣΥΜΒΕΒΗΚΟΤΑΣ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

G2525

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-stah-THEY-sees

Translations: having been appointed, having been established, having been set, having been made, having been put in order

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'kathistēmi', meaning 'to appoint, establish, set, or put in order'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred and is completed. It indicates a state of being or an action that has been brought about, often by an external agent.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Feminine, Genitive, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΕΘΕΙΣΗΣ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΗΣ

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G5449

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: FY-sin

Translations: nature, a nature, kind, a kind, birth, a birth, natural order, a natural order, natural disposition, a natural disposition

Notes: This word refers to the inherent character, constitution, or essential quality of something or someone. It can describe the natural order of things, the way something is born or comes into being, or the innate disposition of a person or animal. It is often used in contrast to things that are artificial, man-made, or contrary to the natural order.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΟΥΣΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΙΣ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G5562

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: khoh-REH-ee

Translations: goes, proceeds, makes room, contains, holds, advances, has room, makes way, gives way

Notes: This verb describes movement, often implying progression or making space. It can mean to go, proceed, or advance. It can also refer to having capacity, such as to contain or hold something, or to make room for something. In some contexts, it can mean to give way or withdraw.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΠΡΟΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: From the noun χώρα (chōra), meaning 'place' or 'space'. The verb literally means 'to make space' or 'to go to a place'.

G2658

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-fyoo-TEV-sas

Translations: having planted, having firmly planted, having planted down

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'καταφυτεύω', meaning 'to plant' or 'to plant firmly'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed before the main verb, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It implies a thorough or complete act of planting, often in the sense of establishing something firmly.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΦΥΤΕΥΩ, ΣΠΕΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word καταφυτεύω is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'thoroughly', and the verb φυτεύω (phyteuō), meaning 'to plant'.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: teh-les-fo-ree-THEN-tos

Translations: having been brought to completion, having been accomplished, having been brought to fruition

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'τελεσφορέω', meaning 'to bring to completion' or 'to accomplish'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already taken place and is now complete. It implies the successful conclusion or fulfillment of something.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΛΗΡΩΜΕΝΟΣ, ΤΕΤΕΛΕΣΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word τελεσφορέω is a compound of τέλος (telos), meaning 'end' or 'completion', and φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. Thus, it literally means 'to bear to an end' or 'to bring to completion'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G3918, G3867

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EEN

Translations: was present, were present, was advising, was exhorting, was encouraging

Notes: This word is an inflected form that can come from two different Koine Greek verbs. It can be the imperfect active indicative, third person singular or plural, of ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, meaning 'to be present' or 'to be at hand'. In this sense, it describes someone or something being in a particular place or situation. Alternatively, it can be the imperfect active indicative, third person singular, of ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ, meaning 'to advise', 'to exhort', or 'to encourage'. The specific meaning depends on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular or Plural (from ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ); Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular (from ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ)

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΗΜΕΩ, ΣΥΜΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

G3631

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OY-nos

Translations: wine, a wine

Notes: This word refers to wine, the fermented juice of grapes. It is commonly used in ancient texts to denote the beverage itself, often in contexts of feasting, offerings, or daily consumption. It can be used in sentences like 'They drank wine' or 'The wine was red.'

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΓΛΕΥΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word "οἶνος" (oinos) is of Pre-Greek origin, meaning it existed in the region before the arrival of the Greek language. It is related to similar words for wine found in other Indo-European languages, suggesting a very ancient shared root.

G2602

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-FEH-reh-tai

Translations: is carried down, is brought down, is overcome, falls into, is cast down, is weighed down, is driven, is led

Notes: This word is the third person singular, present indicative, passive voice of the verb ΚΑΤΑΦΕΡΩ. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (down, against) and the verb ΦΕΡΩ (to carry, bear, bring). In the passive voice, it means to be carried down, to be brought down, or to be overcome by something, such as sleep or a heavy burden. It can also describe being driven or led into a certain state or place.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΛΙΝΩ

G1131

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: geh-GYOOM-noh-me-nos

Translations: naked, exposed, uncovered, stripped, laid bare, an exposed one

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'γυμνόω' (gymnoō), meaning 'to make naked' or 'to strip'. As a participle, it describes a state of having been made naked or exposed. It can refer to physical nakedness or a state of being revealed, vulnerable, or deprived of covering or protection. It functions like an adjective, describing a noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΨΙΛΟΣ, ΑΚΑΛΥΠΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pa-ra-KOS-mos

Translations: improperly, indecently, disorderly, out of order

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'improperly' or 'indecently'. It describes an action or state that is out of order, not in its proper place, or contrary to what is fitting or decorous. It is a compound word formed from the prefix 'παρα-' (para-), meaning 'beside' or 'contrary to', and 'κοσμος' (kosmos), meaning 'order' or 'arrangement'. Thus, it literally means 'contrary to order'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΡΕΠΩΣ, ΑΤΑΚΤΩΣ

G2300

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: theh-ah-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: seeing, beholding, looking at, having seen, when he saw

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle derived from the verb 'theaomai'. It describes an action completed in the past, often translated as 'having seen' or 'when he saw/beheld'. It indicates the subject personally observed or contemplated something.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Aorist, Middle, Participle

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩΝ, ΟΡΩΝ, ΕΙΔΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'theaomai' comes from 'thea' (a sight, spectacle), which is related to 'theaomai' (to gaze at, behold). It implies a careful or deliberate observation.

G3501

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: neh-OH-tah-tos

Translations: newest, youngest, a newest, a youngest

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'νέος' (neos), meaning 'new' or 'young'. Therefore, 'νεώτατος' means 'newest' or 'youngest'. It is used to describe something or someone that is the most recent, most fresh, or least old among a group. For example, it could refer to the youngest son or the newest arrival.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine. It can also be Feminine or Neuter, and inflects for all cases.

Etymology: The word 'νεώτατος' is derived from the adjective 'νέος' (neos), meaning 'new' or 'young'. It is formed using the superlative suffix -τατος.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FOYS

Translations: to brothers, to brethren, to fellow countrymen, to fellow believers

Notes: This word refers to brothers, both literal siblings and, more broadly, fellow members of a community, nation, or faith. It is often used in a figurative sense to denote close associates or fellow believers, emphasizing a bond of kinship or shared identity. In this dative plural form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to or for brothers/brethren'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΕΚΝΟΙΣ, ΟΜΟΓΕΝΕΣΙΝ

G1949

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-geh-LON

Translations: laughing at, mocking, ridiculing

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'laughing at' or 'mocking'. It describes an action of derision or scorn directed towards someone or something. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (upon, over) and the verb 'γελάω' (to laugh), indicating laughter directed at or against someone.

Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΓΕΛΑΩ, ΧΛΕΥΑΖΩ, ΜΥΚΤΗΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The verb ἐπιγελάω (epigelao) is formed from the prefix ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb γελάω (gelao), meaning 'to laugh'. It signifies laughter directed at someone or something.

G4016

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-STEL-loo-see

Translations: they wrap around, they clothe, they cover, they bury, they take care of, they protect

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to wrap around, to clothe, or to cover. It can also be used in the sense of burying the dead or taking care of someone, implying a protective or covering action. In a sentence, it would describe an action performed by a group of people (they) who are wrapping, covering, or protecting something or someone.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΩ, ΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ, ΘΑΠΤΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek περί (peri, "around") and στέλλω (stellō, "to arrange, to send"). The combination implies arranging or sending around, leading to the sense of wrapping or clothing.

G0143

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ahee-STHOH-meh-nos

Translations: perceiving, understanding, realizing, noticing, becoming aware, having perceived, having understood

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'αἰσθάνομαι', meaning 'to perceive' or 'to understand'. As a participle, it describes an action that is either ongoing or completed by the subject of the main verb. It often functions adverbially, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main action, such as 'when he perceived' or 'because he understood'.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩΝ, ἘΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩΝ, ΣΥΝΙΕΝΤΟΣ

G0243

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-loys

Translations: to others, for others, with others, other, another

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'with'. It is a common word used to distinguish one group or item from another.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G5457

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: KHA-mai

Translations: on the ground, to the ground, on the earth, to the earth

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'on the ground' or 'to the ground'. It describes the location or direction of an action, indicating something is happening at or towards the ground level. It is often used to describe falling, lying, or sitting on the ground.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΓΗ, ΕΔΑΦΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΜΑΙ (chamai) is an adverb derived from a root meaning 'ground' or 'earth'. It is related to the noun γῆ (gē), meaning 'earth' or 'land'.

G2672

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tee-RAH-sah-toh

Translations: he cursed, she cursed, it cursed, he did curse, she did curse, it did curse

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'καταράομαι' (kataráomai), meaning 'to curse' or 'to imprecate evil upon'. It describes an action of cursing that occurred in the past and was completed. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and 'ἀράομαι' (aráomai), meaning 'to pray' or 'to invoke'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΘΕΜΑΤΙΖΩ, ΕΠΙΚΑΤΑΡΑΤΟΣ

G1477

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eng-GOH-noys

Translations: (to) grandchildren, (to) descendants, (to) offspring

Notes: This word refers to one's offspring, specifically grandchildren or descendants. It is used to denote the generation that follows, extending the family line. In a sentence, it would indicate the recipients of an action or something given to them.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΓΟΝΟΙ, ΕΚΓΟΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word ἘΓΓΟΝΟΣ (enggonos) comes from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and γόνος (gonos), meaning 'offspring' or 'seed'. Thus, it literally means 'born from' or 'descended from'.

G1227

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: dee-ah-pef-ef-go-TON

Translations: (of) those who have escaped, (of) those who have fled, (of) the ones who escaped

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, genitive plural, derived from the verb "διαφεύγω" (diafeugō), meaning "to escape through" or "to flee away." As a participle, it functions like an adjective or noun, describing the state of having completed the action of escaping. In this form, it refers to "those who have escaped" or "the ones who have fled," often used in a possessive or descriptive sense.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ

Etymology: The word "διαφεύγω" (diafeugō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition "διά" (dia), meaning "through" or "across," and the verb "φεύγω" (pheugō), meaning "to flee" or "to escape."

G0685, G0731

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: ah-RAN

Translations: curse, a curse, an imprecation, to lift, to take up, to carry away, to remove

Notes: This word can be either a noun meaning 'curse' or 'imprecation', or a form of the verb 'αἴρω' (airō) meaning 'to lift' or 'to take up'. The meaning depends on the context. As a noun, it refers to a solemn prayer or wish that evil may befall someone. As a verb, it describes the action of raising something or removing it.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine (for the noun); Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine (for the verb)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΡΑ, ΑΙΡΩ

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G1836

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ex-ACE

Translations: next, following, in a row, in succession, consecutively, thereafter, subsequently

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'next' or 'in succession'. It is used to indicate that something follows in order, either spatially or temporally. For example, it can describe events happening one after another, or items arranged consecutively.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΦΕΞΗΣ, ΚΑΘΕΞΗΣ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and ἑξῆς, which is related to ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It conveys the idea of 'holding out' or 'following out' in sequence.

G4592

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SEE-mah

Translations: sign, a sign, mark, a mark, token, a token, miracle, a miracle, tomb, a tomb, monument, a monument

Notes: This word refers to a distinguishing mark, a sign, or a token. It can also denote a miracle or a wonder, especially one that serves as a divine sign. In some contexts, it can refer to a tomb or a monument, as a visible mark or memorial.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΡΑΣ, ΣΗΜΕΙΟΝ, ΜΝΗΜΑ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to the idea of 'to show' or 'to indicate'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G4160

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peh-poy-AY-meh-noy

Translations: having been made, having been done, having been produced, having been appointed

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'poieō', meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been made or done. It indicates a completed action whose result is still in effect, and the subject of the participle is the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΚΤΙΖΩ

G1681

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: eh-LY-mah-yoos

Translations: Elymas

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a specific individual named Elymas. In the New Testament, Elymas is the name of a Jewish sorcerer and false prophet who opposed Paul and Barnabas in Paphos on Cyprus. The form ἘΛΥΜΑΙΟΥΣ is the accusative plural of the name, which would refer to multiple individuals named Elymas or a group associated with him.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Elymas is of Aramaic origin, meaning 'sorcerer' or 'magician'. It is a transliteration of an Aramaic title rather than a personal name in some contexts.

G1510

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tas

Translations: being, existing, those who are, those who exist

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (ΕἸΜΙ), inflected in the masculine accusative plural. It describes individuals or things that are currently in a state of being or existence. It can be translated as 'being' or 'existing', often referring to 'those who are' or 'those who exist' in a particular state or place, especially when used substantively (as a noun). For example, it might refer to 'those who are present' or 'those who are alive'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

G0747

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-GEH-tas

Translations: leader, a leader, founder, a founder, prince, a prince, author, an author

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ἀρχή' (archē), meaning 'beginning' or 'rule', and 'ἡγέτης' (hēgetēs), meaning 'leader'. It refers to someone who is the originator, founder, or chief leader of something. It can be used to describe the first in a series, or the one who initiates an action or movement.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΡΟΕΔΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek noun ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'beginning, origin, rule', and the noun ἡγέτης (hēgetēs), meaning 'leader, guide'. It describes one who is the first or chief leader.

G2641

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-LIH-pen

Translations: he left, he abandoned, he forsook, he remained, he bequeathed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb καταλείπω (kataleipō). It means 'he/she/it left behind,' 'abandoned,' 'forsook,' or 'remained.' It can also imply leaving something as an inheritance or legacy. It is used to describe an action completed in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΓΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, ΥΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ

Etymology: The word καταλείπω (kataleipō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb λείπω (leipō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to abandon.'

G5218

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hoo-pee-KO-oos

Translations: obedient, subject, submissive

Notes: This word describes someone who is obedient, submissive, or subject to another's authority. It implies a willingness to listen and comply with commands or instructions. It is often used to describe people who are under the rule or authority of a leader, a law, or even God.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΤΑΚΤΙΚΟΣ, ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under', and the verb ΑΚΟΥΩ (akouō), meaning 'to hear'. Thus, it literally means 'hearing under' or 'listening under', implying submission to what is heard.

G2038

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-oh-no-MA-sen

Translations: named, called, surnamed

Notes: This verb means to name or call someone or something by a specific name, often a surname or an additional name. It implies giving a designation or title, sometimes reflecting a characteristic or event associated with the person or thing being named. It is used to describe the act of assigning a name.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΚΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ (onomazo), meaning 'to name' or 'to call by name'.

G3122

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MA-lis-TA

Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'

Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'

G2117

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-dah-ee-moh-NEH-sahn

Translations: they were happy, they prospered, they flourished, they were blessed

Notes: This word describes a state of being happy, prosperous, or blessed. It refers to experiencing good fortune or living a flourishing life. It is typically used to describe a past action or state of being for a group of people.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΤΥΧΕΩ, ΜΑΚΑΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word εὐδαιμονέω (eudaimoneō) is derived from εὐδαίμων (eudaimōn), meaning 'happy, blessed, fortunate'. This in turn comes from εὖ (eu), meaning 'well, good', and δαίμων (daimōn), meaning 'divinity, spirit, fortune'.

G0729

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ar-FAX-a-dees

Translations: Arphaxad

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Arphaxad, a biblical patriarch mentioned in the Old Testament. He was one of the sons of Shem and an ancestor of Abraham. The name is used to identify this specific individual in genealogical lists and historical narratives.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Arphaxad is of Hebrew origin, from the Hebrew name אַרְפַּכְשַׁד (ʾArpaḵšaḏ). Its meaning is uncertain, but it is traditionally associated with a geographical region or a fortress.

G0756

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: AR-xass

Translations: having begun, having ruled, having led, having started

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ΑΡΧΩ', meaning 'to begin', 'to rule', or 'to lead'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already taken place. It indicates someone who has performed the action of beginning, ruling, or leading. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the one having begun' or 'he having ruled'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΡΧΩ, ΕΝΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb 'ΑΡΧΩ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to begin' or 'to lead'. It is related to words signifying 'first' or 'chief'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ag-or-EH-oo-sin

Translations: they call, they address, they name, they salute

Notes: This word means to address, call by name, or salute. It is often used in the context of giving a name or title to someone or something. For example, it can be used to say 'they call him a king' or 'they address them as friends'.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΩΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and ἀγορεύω (agoreuō), meaning 'to speak in the assembly' or 'to proclaim'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak to' or 'to address'.

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G3087

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: LOO-das

Translations: Ludas

Notes: Ludas is a proper noun, referring to a specific person. It is the Greek form of a Hebrew name, likely referring to a descendant of Shem, specifically a son of Aram, or a region/people associated with him. It is used in genealogical lists.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Λουδας (Loudas) is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name Lud (לוד). Lud was a son of Aram, who was a son of Shem, according to the biblical genealogies in Genesis and Chronicles.

G1510

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-ton

Translations: of being, of existing, of those who are, of those who exist, of things that are, of things that exist

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to be'. It functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating 'of those who are' or 'of things that exist'. It is often used to describe the state or condition of a group of people or things, or to refer to existing entities in a genitive context, meaning 'belonging to' or 'concerning' them.

Inflection: Present, Active, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KTIZ-ei

Translations: he builds, she builds, it builds, he creates, she creates, it creates, he founds, she founds, it founds

Notes: This word means to build, create, found, or establish. It is used to describe the act of bringing something into existence, whether it's a physical structure, a new order, or even the creation of the world. It can refer to the construction of a city or the establishment of a community.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΕΩ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to the idea of 'settling' or 'establishing'.

G3825

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: pa-lais-TEE-nays

Translations: of Palestine

Notes: This word refers to Palestine, a historical geographical region in the Middle East. It is used to indicate possession or origin, for example, 'the land of Palestine' or 'people from Palestine'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The word "Palestine" comes from the Latin "Palaestina", which in turn is derived from the Greek "Palaistínē" (Παλαιστίνη). This name is thought to be related to the Philistines, an ancient people who inhabited part of the region.

Part of Speech: Adjective, Proper Noun

Sounds like: ar-me-NEE-an

Translations: Armenian, an Armenian, (of) Armenia, (to) Armenia

Notes: This word refers to something or someone from Armenia, or it can refer to the country of Armenia itself. As an adjective, it describes a person or thing as being Armenian. As a proper noun, it can refer to an Armenian person or the land of Armenia. It is often used in contexts describing people, places, or things associated with the region of Armenia.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine or Neuter

Etymology: The word is derived from the geographical name 'Armenia', referring to the ancient kingdom and region in Western Asia.

G3389

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: MAY-sas

Translations: having devised, having planned, having purposed, having intended

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having devised' or 'having planned'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing relevance. It can function like an adjective, modifying a noun, or like an adverb, describing how an action was performed. For example, 'the man having planned' or 'he acted, having planned'.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΣΑΣ, ΣΚΟΠΕΥΣΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΟΜΑΙ (mēdomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *med-, meaning 'to measure, consider'. It is related to words concerning thought, counsel, and planning.

G5482

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-rax

Translations: palisade, rampart, stake, trench, a palisade, a rampart, a stake, a trench

Notes: This word refers to a pointed stake, a palisade, or a rampart, often used in military fortifications. It can also denote the ditch or trench dug around a fortified position. It is typically used in contexts describing siege works or defensive structures.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΤΑΦΡΟΣ, ΣΚΟΛΟΨ

Etymology: From the verb χαράσσω (charassō), meaning 'to sharpen, to engrave, to dig'. The noun refers to something sharpened or dug.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GHI-neh-tai

Translations: becomes, happens, is, is born, comes into being, takes place, arises

Notes: This verb is very common and versatile, meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to be born,' or 'to come into being.' It describes a state of transition or occurrence, indicating that something is coming into existence or changing its state. It can be used in various contexts to describe events, transformations, or the origin of something.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΚΤΩ

G1443

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: EH-beh-ross

Translations: Eber, Heber

Notes: Eberos is a proper noun referring to Eber, a biblical figure mentioned in the genealogies of Genesis and Luke. He is considered an ancestor of the Hebrews, from whom the name 'Hebrew' is traditionally derived. The word is used to identify this specific individual in historical and genealogical contexts.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Etymology: The Greek name ΕΒΕΡΟΣ (Eberos) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name עֵבֶר (Eber), meaning 'the region beyond' or 'one who passes over'.

G1444

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: heb-RAI-oos

Translations: Hebrews, Jews, a Hebrew, a Jew

Notes: This word refers to a Hebrew or a Jew. It can be used as a noun to denote a person of Hebrew descent or Jewish faith, or as an adjective to describe something related to the Hebrews or Jews. In the provided context, it is used to refer to the people whom Moses led out of Egypt.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΟΥΔΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Hebrew 'Ibhri (עִבְרִי), meaning 'one from beyond' or 'one who crossed over', referring to Abraham who crossed the Euphrates River. It entered Greek through Aramaic.

G1080

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEN-nee-sen

Translations: begot, gave birth to, fathered, bore, produced

Notes: This verb means to beget, to give birth to, or to produce. It is commonly used in genealogies to indicate that one person was the parent of another. It can also refer to the general act of producing or bringing something into existence.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΤΙΚΤΩ, ΦΥΩ

Etymology: The word comes from the Greek root 'genos', meaning 'race, stock, kin'. It is related to words concerning origin, birth, and family.

G1546

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-lay-THEE

Translations: he was called, she was called, it was called, he was summoned, she was summoned, it was summoned

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be called' or 'to be summoned'. It is the passive voice of the verb 'to call out' or 'to summon'. It describes an action where someone or something is the recipient of a calling or summoning. For example, 'he was called' to a meeting, or 'it was called' by a certain name.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΚΑΛΕΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ΚΑΛΕΩ (kaleō), meaning 'to call'.

G1893

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: ep-AY-day

Translations: since, because, for, inasmuch as, seeing that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause that provides a reason or cause for the main clause. It can be translated as 'since,' 'because,' or 'for,' indicating a logical connection between events or statements. It is often found at the beginning of a sentence or clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΓΑΡ, ΕΠΕΙ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi, 'upon, on') and the conjunction ἘΠΕΙ (epei, 'when, since'), with the particle ΔΗ (de, 'indeed, now'). It emphasizes the causal relationship.

G657

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-po-DAS-mon

Translations: division, distribution, a division, a distribution

Notes: This word refers to a division or distribution, often of land or property. It implies the act of parceling out or apportioning something among different parties. It is used in contexts where something is being divided or shared out.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΜΕΡΙΣΜΟΣ, ΜΕΡΙΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: From G575 (ἀπό) meaning 'from' or 'off', and a derivative of G1150 (δάσμος) meaning 'division' or 'tribute'. It literally means 'a dividing off'.

G3613

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oy-KAY-seh-ohn

Translations: of dwellings, of habitations, of houses, of abodes

Notes: This word refers to a dwelling place, habitation, or house. It is used to describe a physical structure where one lives or resides. In the provided examples, it refers to buildings or rooms that are filled or constructed.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΟΣ, ΚΑΤΟΙΚΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb οἰκέω (oikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit', which itself comes from οἶκος (oikos), meaning 'house'.

G3311

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-rees-MON

Translations: division, a division, distribution, a distribution, partition, a partition, separation, a separation

Notes: This word refers to the act or result of dividing, distributing, or separating something. It can denote a portion or share that has been divided, or the process of dividing itself. It is often used in contexts of splitting things up, whether physically or conceptually.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΜΕΡΙΣΜΟΣ, ΔΙΑΙΡΕΣΙΣ, ΜΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΡΙΣΜΟΣ (merismos) comes from the verb μερίζω (merizō), meaning 'to divide' or 'to distribute', which in turn is derived from the noun μέρος (meros), meaning 'part' or 'share'.

G1443

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: eh-BEH-roo

Translations: of Eber

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Eber'. Eber is a significant biblical figure, an ancestor of Abraham, from whom the 'Hebrews' are traditionally believed to have descended. The genitive case indicates possession or origin, so 'ΕΒΕΡΟΥ' means 'of Eber' or 'belonging to Eber'. It is used to describe something or someone associated with Eber, such as 'the sons of Eber'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From Hebrew עֵבֶר (ʿĒḇer), meaning 'the region beyond' or 'one who passes over'. It refers to the biblical patriarch.

G1068

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-zer-MOH-thess

Translations: Azermothes

Notes: This is a proper noun, specifically a masculine personal name. It refers to one of the sons of Joktan mentioned in genealogies, such as in the Septuagint version of Genesis. As a proper noun, it functions as the subject or object in a sentence, identifying a specific individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of 'Azermothes' is uncertain, but it is believed to be of Hebrew or Semitic origin, likely derived from a name found in ancient genealogies.

G2464

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: in-DI-kees

Translations: (of) India

Notes: This word refers to India, a large country in South Asia. In ancient Greek texts, it typically denotes the region of India, often used in geographical descriptions or when referring to people or things originating from that land. As a proper noun, it is used to specify the origin or location of something, for example, 'from India' or 'the king of India'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: From Greek Ἰνδική (Indikē), referring to the land of the Indus River, ultimately derived from Persian and Sanskrit.

G2478

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: his-toh-REES-thoh

Translations: let him be inquired of, let her be inquired of, let it be inquired of, let him be investigated, let her be investigated, let it be investigated, let him be recorded, let her be recorded, let it be recorded

Notes: This word is a verb in the passive voice, indicating that the subject is acted upon. It means 'to be inquired of', 'to be investigated', or 'to be recorded'. It is used as a command or instruction for something or someone to be subjected to an inquiry or to be documented.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Imperative

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΤΑΣΘΩ, ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΕΙΣΘΩ

Etymology: The word ἱστορέω (historeō) comes from ἵστωρ (histōr), meaning 'one who knows' or 'one who has seen'. It originally referred to learning by inquiry or personal observation, and later evolved to mean 'to inquire', 'to investigate', or 'to record'.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-AY-so-my

Translations: I will make, I will do, I will perform, I will produce, I will create, I will bring about

Notes: This word is the future middle or passive indicative form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. In the middle voice, it often implies performing an action for oneself or on one's own behalf, such as 'I will make for myself' or 'I will do for myself'. In the passive voice, it would mean 'I will be made' or 'I will be done'. Its usage depends on the context, indicating a future action of making, doing, or bringing something into existence.

Inflection: Future, Middle or Passive, Indicative, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΩ, ΕΡΓΑΣΟΜΑΙ

G4482

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: REH-oos

Translations: flowing, running, gushing, streaming

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ῥέω' (rheō), meaning 'to flow' or 'to run'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing and can function adjectivally (describing something that is flowing) or adverbially (describing how an action is performed). It refers to the act of liquid or something similar moving continuously.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative/Accusative/Vocative, Plural

Synonyms: ΡΕΟΝΤΕΣ, ΡΕΟΝΤΑ

Etymology: The word ῥέω (rheō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to flow' or 'to run'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that describe movement or flow.

G5599, G3739

Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G0395

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: Nah-KHO-rays

Translations: depart, withdraw, retire, go away, retreat

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a truncated form of the Koine Greek verb 'ἀναχωρέω' (anachōreō). The verb means to depart, withdraw, or retreat. It is often used to describe someone leaving a place, either to go to another location or to escape from danger or a difficult situation. For example, it can describe someone withdrawing to a solitary place or fleeing from persecution.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular (if from ἀναχωρήσας) or Aorist Active Imperative, 2nd Person Plural (if from ἀναχωρήσατε). Given the context, it is likely a misspelling of an inflected form of ἀναχωρέω.

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΕΥΓΩ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-neh-toh

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it became, it was, it came into being

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative middle/passive of the verb γίνομαι (ginomai). It signifies an event that occurred or a state that came into existence in the past. It is frequently used to introduce a new event or development in a narrative, often translated as 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'. It can also describe something becoming or being made into something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G1443

Part of Speech: Adjective, Numeral

Sounds like: ev-doh-mee-KOS-toh

Translations: seventieth, to the seventieth, in the seventieth

Notes: This word is an ordinal numeral adjective meaning 'seventieth'. It is used to indicate position in a sequence, similar to how 'first' or 'second' are used in English. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative case, often indicating a specific year or age.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'ἑβδομηκοστός' (hebdomēkostós) is derived from 'ἑβδομήκοντα' (hebdomḗkonta), meaning 'seventy'. It is formed by adding the ordinal suffix '-στos' (-stos) to the cardinal number.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G2235

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-GON-os

Translations: having become, having been, being, who has become, who has been

Notes: This word is the perfect active participle of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai), meaning 'to become', 'to be', 'to come into being', or 'to happen'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed and has ongoing results. It often translates as 'having become' or 'having been', indicating a state or condition resulting from a past action. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the one having become king'.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

Etymology: The verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, indicating a process of becoming or happening, as opposed to a static state of being.

G1080

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEN-nay-seh

Translations: begot, gave birth to, bore, fathered, produced

Notes: This verb means to beget, to give birth to, or to produce. It is commonly used in genealogies to indicate the act of a parent bringing a child into existence. It can also refer to the act of producing or creating something more generally.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΤΙΚΤΩ, ΦΥΩ

Etymology: The word originates from the Greek root γένος (genos), meaning 'race, stock, kin'. It is related to the idea of generation and lineage.

G5144

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: tree-AH-kon-tah

Translations: thirty

Notes: This word means 'thirty' and is used to denote the number 30. It functions as an indeclinable numeral, meaning its form does not change regardless of the gender, case, or number of the noun it modifies. It is typically used to quantify nouns, indicating a quantity of thirty units.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From τρεῖς (treis, “three”) and a suffix related to -κοντα (-konta, “-ty”), indicating multiples of ten. It is cognate with Latin triginta and English thirty.

G5144

Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective

Sounds like: tree-ah-KOS-toh

Translations: (to) thirtieth

Notes: This word is an ordinal numeral meaning 'thirtieth'. It is used to indicate the position in a sequence, similar to how 'first', 'second', or 'third' are used in English. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, often used to indicate 'in the thirtieth' (e.g., 'in the thirtieth year').

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word ΤΡΙΑΚΟΣΤΟΣ (triakostos) comes from the Greek word τριάκοντα (triakonta), meaning 'thirty'. The suffix -οστος (-ostos) is used to form ordinal numbers.

G1083

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GEN-nah

Translations: birth, a birth, descent, lineage, offspring, generation

Notes: This word refers to the act of giving birth, or the process of being born. It can also denote one's lineage, family origin, or the offspring produced. In some contexts, it can refer to a generation of people.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΙΣ, ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΤΕΚΝΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΓΕΝΝΑ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-, meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to other Greek words concerning origin and family.

G1080

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: gen-nee-THEIS

Translations: having been born, begotten

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having been born' or 'begotten.' It describes someone or something that has undergone the process of birth or generation. It functions like an adjective or adverb in a sentence, indicating a completed action in the past that resulted in the state of being born.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΠΟΙΗΘΕΙΣ, ΦΥΣΙΟΓΕΝΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΕΝΝΑΩ comes from the Greek root γένος (genos), meaning 'race, stock, family.' It refers to the act of procreation or bringing forth offspring.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EH-khon-tos

Translations: of having, of possessing, of holding, of being, of having a, of possessing a, of holding a, of being a

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have', 'to hold', or 'to possess'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in the act of having, holding, or being. In this genitive form, it often indicates possession or a characteristic of something, similar to 'of one who has' or 'of that which has'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΟΣ

G4002

Part of Speech: Ordinal Numeral, Adjective

Sounds like: PEM-p-ton

Translations: fifth, a fifth

Notes: This word means 'fifth' and is used to denote the ordinal position in a sequence. It functions as an adjective, modifying a noun to indicate that it is the fifth in a series. For example, it could refer to 'the fifth day' or 'the fifth person'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word ΠΕΜΠΤΟΣ (pemptos) is derived from the cardinal number πέντε (pente), meaning 'five'. It follows a common pattern for forming ordinal numbers in Greek.

G2001

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-OM-bree-as

Translations: (of) rain, (of) flood, (of) downpour, (of) a rain, (of) a flood, (of) a downpour

Notes: This word refers to a heavy fall of rain, a downpour, or a flood. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and ὄμβρος (ombros), meaning 'rain' or 'shower'. It is typically used to describe a significant amount of precipitation, often with implications of a deluge or a destructive flood.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΜΒΡΟΣ, ΠΛΗΜΜΥΡΑ, ΚΑΤΑΚΛΥΣΜΟΣ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-nos

Translations: having become, being, happened, arisen, a having become, a being

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It can be translated as 'having become', 'being', or 'when he/it became'. It often indicates a state or condition resulting from a past action.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΗΘΗ

G0765

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-RAH-neen

Translations: Haran

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Haran, the name of a person in the Old Testament. He was the brother of Abraham and Nahor, and the father of Lot, Milcah, and Iscah (Sarai is sometimes identified with Iscah). The word is used here in the accusative case, indicating that Haran is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Haran is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'mountainous' or 'mountaineer'. It is derived from the Hebrew word הָרָן (Haran).

G2641

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-lee-PON

Translations: leaving, forsaking, abandoning, deserting, remaining, being left behind

Notes: ΚΑΤΑΛΙΠΩΝ is the aorist active participle of the verb ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, meaning 'to leave behind, forsake, abandon, or desert'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (down, against) and the verb ΛΕΙΠΩ (to leave). As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject, often translated as 'having left' or 'by leaving'. It can also imply a state of being left behind or remaining.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΓΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, ΛΕΙΠΩ

G3027

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-ton

Translations: lotus, a lotus

Notes: This word refers to the lotus plant, a type of water lily. In ancient contexts, it could also refer to a specific fruit or a type of flute made from the wood of the lotus tree. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'lotus' is of Greek origin, derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wel- meaning 'to turn, roll'. It refers to various plants, particularly water lilies, known since ancient times.

G3197, G3198

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: MEL-khan

Translations: Milcah, Michal

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to two distinct women in the Old Testament. Milcah was the daughter of Haran and the wife of Nahor, Abraham's brother. Michal was the daughter of King Saul and one of David's wives. The form ΜΕΛΧΑΝ is the accusative case of both names.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name Milcah (ΜΕΛΧΑ) is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'queen' or 'counsel'. The name Michal (ΜΙΧΑΛ) is also of Hebrew origin, meaning 'who is like God?'. The Koine Greek form ΜΕΛΧΑΝ is an adaptation of these Hebrew names.

G5466

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: khal-DAI-oys

Translations: (to) Chaldeans, (to) a Chaldean

Notes: This word refers to the Chaldeans, an ancient people who inhabited Chaldea, a region in southern Mesopotamia. They were known for their wisdom, particularly in astrology and divination. In the provided context, it is used in the dative case, indicating that something is being said or done 'to' or 'for' the Chaldeans.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: The word 'Χαλδαῖος' (Chaldaĩos) is derived from the Aramaic 'Kasdim', referring to the inhabitants of Chaldea.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: OO-ray

Translations: Ourah, Urah, Hura

Notes: This is a proper noun, likely a personal name or a place name. It appears in ancient texts, including historical accounts, referring to individuals or locations. Its specific meaning is tied to the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of this specific proper noun is not clearly documented in standard Koine Greek lexicons. It is likely of Semitic origin, given its appearance in contexts related to names found in the Septuagint or other ancient Near Eastern texts.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GO-meh-nee

Translations: being called, being said, called, said, named, so-called, a called, a said, a named

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being called' or 'being said'. It is often used to describe something that is 'so-called' or 'named', indicating a common designation or a descriptive title. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΗ, ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΛΕΓΩ (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-, meaning 'to gather, collect', which evolved to mean 'to pick out words, speak'.

G5466

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: khal-DAI-ohn

Translations: of the Chaldeans

Notes: This word refers to the Chaldeans, an ancient people who inhabited Chaldea, a region in southern Mesopotamia. They were known for their wisdom, particularly in astrology and divination. In a sentence, it would be used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'the king of the Chaldeans' or 'the land of the Chaldeans'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The word ΧΑΛΔΑΙΟΣ (Chaldaios) is derived from the Hebrew word Kasdim (כַּשְׂדִּים), which refers to the inhabitants of Chaldea. It entered Greek through various ancient contacts.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: THER-roo

Translations: of Terah, Terah's

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Terah' (ΘΕΡΡΟΣ), who was the father of Abraham in the biblical narrative. It indicates possession or origin, similar to 'of Terah' or 'Terah's' in English. It is used when referring to something belonging to Terah or an action performed by Terah, as seen in the example 'Terah having hated...'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Terah' (ΘΕΡΡΟΣ) is of Hebrew origin, from the Hebrew name 'תֶּרַח' (Terach). Its meaning is uncertain but has been variously interpreted as 'station', 'delay', or 'wild goat'.

G3404

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: mee-say-SAN-tos

Translations: hating, having hated, of one who hated, of one who has hated

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to hate'. It describes an action of hating or having hated, functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It indicates that the subject of the participle is the one performing the action of hating.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Genitive, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΣ, ΑΠΕΧΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word μισέω (miseō) comes from ancient Greek, meaning 'to hate' or 'to detest'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is related to the noun μῖσος (mîsos), meaning 'hatred'.

G0688

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-RAHN-oo

Translations: Haran, of Haran

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Haran, a biblical figure. In the provided context, it is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, meaning 'of Haran' or 'Haran's'. Haran was the brother of Abraham and Nahor, and the father of Lot, Milcah, and Iscah.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name Haran is of Hebrew origin, from the Hebrew הָרָן (Haran). Its meaning is uncertain, but it may be related to a word meaning 'mountain' or 'mountaineer'.

G3997

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PEN-thoss

Translations: mourning, a mourning, grief, sorrow, lamentation

Notes: This word refers to a state of deep sorrow, grief, or lamentation, often expressed outwardly through weeping or other signs of distress. It is commonly used to describe the emotional response to death, loss, or disaster.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΘΡΗΝΟΣ, ΚΟΠΕΤΟΣ, ΛΥΠΗ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb πάσχω (paschō), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to experience'.

G5488

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KHAR-ran

Translations: Haran, Charran

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Haran, an ancient city in Mesopotamia, located in modern-day Turkey. It is significant in biblical history as a place where Abraham settled for a time after leaving Ur of the Chaldees, before continuing his journey to Canaan. It is also the name of a person, a son of Caleb and a descendant of Seir.

Inflection: Singular, Indeclinable

Etymology: The name is of Hebrew origin (חָרָן, Charan), meaning 'parched' or 'mountainous country'. It refers to both a geographical location and a personal name in the Old Testament.

G3318

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: meh-so-po-ta-MEE-as

Translations: of Mesopotamia

Notes: This word refers to Mesopotamia, a historical region in Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system. It is used to indicate origin or possession, such as 'from Mesopotamia' or 'belonging to Mesopotamia'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The word "Mesopotamia" is a compound word derived from the Greek words ΜΕΣΟΣ (MESOS), meaning 'middle', and ΠΟΤΑΜΟΣ (POTAMOS), meaning 'river'. Thus, it literally means 'land between the rivers'.

G5053

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: teh-lev-TEE-san-tah

Translations: having died, died, finished, ended, the one who died

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'τελευτάω', meaning 'to finish' or 'to die'. As a participle, it describes an action completed in the past, functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this form, it refers to someone or something that has died or finished an action. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the man having died' or 'the task having been finished'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΘΑΝΟΝΤΑ, ΕΚΛΕΙΨΑΝΤΑ

Etymology: The word 'τελευτάω' comes from 'τελευτή' (teleutē), meaning 'end' or 'completion'. It is related to 'τέλος' (telos), which means 'end' or 'purpose'.

G4932

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-TEM-neh-toh

Translations: was being cut short, was being cut off, was being shortened, was being brought to an end, was being finished

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'συν' (together with) and the verb 'τέμνω' (to cut). It means to cut short, to shorten, to bring to an end, or to finish. It describes an action that was in progress in the past, indicating something was in the process of being cut short or brought to a conclusion.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΟΛΟΒΟΩ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΤΕΜΝΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΤΕΜΝΩ (temnō), meaning 'to cut'.

G1024

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bra-KHY-teh-ron

Translations: shorter, briefer, a shorter, a briefer

Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'βραχύς' (brachys), meaning 'short' or 'brief'. As a comparative adjective, 'βραχύτερον' means 'shorter' or 'briefer'. It is used to indicate a lesser extent or duration compared to something else. For example, it could describe a shorter period of time or a briefer distance.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Comparative Degree

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΣΣΟΝ, ΜΙΚΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GHEE-neh-toh

Translations: was happening, was becoming, was done, came to pass, occurred

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect indicative middle/passive form of the verb γίνομαι (ginomai). It describes an action that was ongoing, repeated, or in progress in the past. It can mean 'it was happening,' 'it was becoming,' 'it was done,' or 'it came to pass,' depending on the context. It emphasizes the process or state of something coming into being or occurring over a period of time.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: meth

Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with

Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).

G3724

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ho-ree-SAN-tos

Translations: (of) having defined, (of) having appointed, (of) having determined, (of) having marked out, (of) having set boundaries

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ΟΡΙΖΩ (horizo), meaning 'to define, appoint, determine, or set boundaries'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In this genitive form, it often indicates possession or the source of an action, typically translated with 'of' or implying 'of one who has...'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΡΙΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΙΟΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΟΡΙΖΩ comes from the Greek word ὅρος (horos), meaning 'boundary' or 'limit'. It is the root of English words like 'horizon' and 'define'.

G4845

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-BEH

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it occurred, it befell

Notes: This is an impersonal verb form meaning 'it happened' or 'it occurred'. It describes an event or circumstance that took place, often used to introduce a consequence or a development in a narrative. It is typically used in the third person singular.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word συμβαίνω (symbainō) is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Thus, it literally means 'to go together' or 'to come together', which evolved into the meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'.

G0979

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: bee-OH-nai

Translations: to live, to pass one's life, to spend one's life

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'βιόω', meaning 'to live' or 'to pass one's life'. It describes the act of existing or spending one's time in a particular way. It is often used to indicate the purpose or result of an action, or simply the state of being alive.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΖΗΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙΝ

Etymology: The word 'βιῶναι' comes from the verb 'βιόω', which is derived from 'βίος' (bios), meaning 'life'. It traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to living or being alive.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ZAH-khah-moss

Translations: Zachamos

Notes: This word is a proper noun, likely a personal name. In the provided context, it appears as one of eight children born to Nachor and Melcha, suggesting it is the name of a son. Proper nouns like this are used to identify specific individuals and do not inflect in the same way as common nouns or verbs.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The etymology of the name Zachamos is not readily available in standard Koine Greek lexicons, as it appears to be a transliteration of a foreign name, likely Hebrew or Aramaic, into Greek.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-ah-DEL-phas

Translations: Iadelphas

Notes: This is a proper noun, specifically a male personal name. It appears in ancient texts, often in genealogies or lists of individuals, similar to how names are used in English sentences.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of this specific name is not clearly documented in standard Greek lexicons. It appears to be a transliteration or adaptation of a Semitic name, possibly Hebrew, given its structure and appearance in genealogical lists alongside other names of similar origin.

G2364