2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-TOH-kay-sen

Translations: he migrated, he removed, he moved away, he transferred

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'μετοικέω' (metoikeō). It describes the action of someone migrating, moving away from one's home, or being transferred to another place. It is used to indicate a completed action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΜΕΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word 'μετοικέω' is a compound word derived from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after' (indicating change), and 'οἰκέω' (oikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. Thus, it literally means 'to change one's dwelling'.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G1084

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: geh-RAH-rah

Translations: Gerar

Notes: Gerar is an ancient city and region in the southern part of Canaan, mentioned in the Old Testament. It was a significant location in the narratives of Abraham and Isaac, often associated with their interactions with the Philistines. It is typically used as a geographical name in biblical texts.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The name Gerar is of Hebrew origin, likely meaning 'lodging place' or 'region'. It refers to an ancient city in the Negeb region of southern Palestine.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G3825

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: pa-lais-TEE-nays

Translations: of Palestine

Notes: This word refers to Palestine, a historical geographical region in the Middle East. It is used to indicate possession or origin, for example, 'the land of Palestine' or 'people from Palestine'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The word "Palestine" comes from the Latin "Palaestina", which in turn is derived from the Greek "Palaistínē" (Παλαιστίνη). This name is thought to be related to the Philistines, an ancient people who inhabited part of the region.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G1863

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eh-pah-GOH-meh-nos

Translations: bringing on, leading on, bringing in, bringing with, bringing upon, introducing, inducing, adding, inflicting

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'epagō'. It describes an action of bringing something or someone along, leading them in, or bringing something upon someone. It can also mean to introduce, induce, or inflict. The meaning often depends on the context and the case of the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΙΣΑΓΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G4250

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: PRIN

Translations: before, sooner, until, ere

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a conjunction, indicating a point in time prior to another event or action. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'sooner'. As a conjunction, it means 'before' or 'until', often introducing a clause that describes an event that has not yet happened. It is frequently used with an infinitive or a subjunctive verb.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (forward, through). It is related to the preposition πρό (pro, before).

G5271

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: hoo-po-kree-NAH-meh-nos

Translations: having pretended, having acted a part, having played a role, having dissembled, having feigned

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'hypokrinomai', meaning 'to pretend' or 'to act a part'. It is a compound word formed from 'hypo' (under) and 'krinomai' (to judge, to decide, to separate). In ancient Greek theater, an 'hypokrites' was an actor who spoke from behind a mask, hence the meaning evolved to 'one who pretends' or 'a hypocrite'. The participle 'hypokrinamenos' describes someone who has performed such an action, indicating a past completed action of pretending or dissembling.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΟΙΟΥΜΑΙ, ΠΛΑΣΣΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'hypokrinomai' is formed from the prefix 'hypo-' (under) and the verb 'krinomai' (to judge, to decide, to separate). It originally referred to an actor who 'answered' or 'interpreted' a role, often speaking from behind a mask. Over time, its meaning evolved to 'to pretend' or 'to dissemble', giving rise to the English word 'hypocrite'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G1167

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DEH-dee-ay

Translations: he had feared, he was afraid, he was fearing

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to fear' or 'to be afraid'. It is used to describe someone who was in a state of fear or apprehension in the past, often indicating a continuous or repeated action of fearing. It can be used with a direct object or an infinitive to express what was feared.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Pluperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΕΩ, ΤΡΕΜΩ

Etymology: The verb ΔΕΙΔΩ (deidō) is an old verb, likely from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to show' or 'to appear', which developed into the sense of 'to make afraid' or 'to frighten', and then 'to fear'.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G2037

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ep-ee-KHO-ree-ohn

Translations: (of) natives, (of) local inhabitants, (of) people of the country

Notes: This word refers to something or someone belonging to a particular place or country, meaning 'local' or 'native'. As an adjective, it describes people or things that are indigenous to a specific region. The form ἘΠΙΧΩΡΙΩΝ is the genitive plural, indicating 'of the natives' or 'of the local people'. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, over) and 'χώρα' (country, land).

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἘΓΧΩΡΙΩΝ, ἘΝΤΟΠΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΧΩΡΙΟΣ is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the noun χώρα (chōra), meaning 'country' or 'land'. It describes something that is 'upon the land' or 'belonging to the land'.

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G2038

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-ras-THEIS

Translations: having been loved, having fallen in love, having desired, having longed for

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'ἘΡΆΩ', meaning 'to love' or 'to desire'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In this form, it indicates someone who has been the object of love or desire, or who has themselves fallen in love or desired something intensely.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΦΙΛΗΘΕΙΣ, ἈΓΑΠΗΘΕΙΣ

G5351

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: FTHAY-reen

Translations: to corrupt, to destroy, to ruin, to spoil, to decay, to defile

Notes: This verb means to corrupt, destroy, or ruin something or someone. It can refer to physical destruction, such as decay or spoiling, or to moral corruption, such as defiling character or leading astray. It is often used to describe the process of causing something to deteriorate or become worthless.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to destroy, to decay'.

G3634

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: OY-oss

Translations: such as, of what sort, what kind of, as, like, a such as

Notes: This word is an adjective or pronoun used to describe the quality or kind of something. It often functions as a relative pronoun, meaning 'such as' or 'of what sort', introducing a clause that specifies the nature of a preceding noun. It can also be used interrogatively, meaning 'what kind of?' or 'how great?'. It is used to draw comparisons or indicate similarity.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΙΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: This word is derived from the demonstrative stem *ho- (meaning 'this') and the relative pronominal stem *yo- (meaning 'who, which'). It indicates a quality or kind, often in a comparative sense.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G1472

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eer-GEH-tai

Translations: is restrained, is hindered, is shut in, is prevented

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be restrained,' 'to be hindered,' or 'to be shut in.' It describes an action where someone or something is prevented from moving freely or from doing something. It is often used in a passive sense, indicating that the subject is acted upon by an external force.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΕΤΑΙ, ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΕΤΑΙ, ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΕΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΕἸΡΓΩ (eirgō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *werg-, meaning 'to shut, to close.' It is related to words signifying enclosure or restraint.

G1939

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-thoo-MEE-as

Translations: of desire, of longing, of lust, of covetousness, of passion

Notes: This word refers to a strong desire, longing, or craving. It can be used in a neutral sense for any strong desire, but often carries a negative connotation, referring to lust, covetousness, or unbridled passion, especially in a moral or ethical context. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (upon, over) and ΘΥΜΟΣ (passion, spirit).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΡΕΞΙΣ, ΠΟΘΟΣ, ΗΔΟΝΗ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G5467

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: kha-LEH-pees

Translations: (of) difficult, (of) hard, (of) grievous, (of) fierce, (of) dangerous, (of) severe, (of) harsh

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning difficult, hard, grievous, fierce, or dangerous. It describes something that is challenging to deal with, severe in nature, or potentially harmful. It can be used to describe situations, people, or conditions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΟΣ, ΒΑΡΥΣ, ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΛΕΠΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to words meaning 'to press' or 'to be hard'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G4363

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-peh-SOO-sees

Translations: of falling upon, of falling down before, of prostrating oneself, of happening, of occurring

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to fall upon' or 'to happen'. It describes an action that has already occurred, indicating something that has fallen upon, happened to, or occurred for someone or something. It often implies an unexpected or sudden event, or an act of prostration or supplication.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΠΙΠΙΠΤΩ

G0640

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-gno-KO-tohn

Translations: despairing, having despaired, having given up, of those who have despaired, of those who have given up

Notes: This word is the genitive plural masculine/neuter perfect active participle of the verb ἀπογινώσκω. It describes those who have given up hope, despaired, or abandoned a situation as hopeless. It implies a state of having lost all expectation or confidence.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΡΕΩ, ΑΘΥΜΕΩ

Etymology: From ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and γινώσκω (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. The combination suggests 'to know away from' or 'to cease to know/recognize', leading to the sense of giving up or despairing.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ho-RA

Translations: see!, look!, behold!, beware!, take heed!

Notes: This is a verb in the imperative mood, meaning 'see!' or 'look!'. It is used to command or urge someone to observe something, to pay attention, or to be careful. It can also be used to draw attention to something, similar to 'behold!' or 'lo!'. In some contexts, it can convey a warning, meaning 'beware!' or 'take heed!'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΕΙΔΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *wer- 'to perceive, watch'.

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G5195

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-BRI-zayn

Translations: to insult, to outrage, to treat with contempt, to abuse, to act with insolence, to commit violence

Notes: This word means to act with insolence, to treat someone with contempt, or to commit an outrage. It implies a sense of arrogant pride or a lack of respect for others, often leading to abusive or violent behavior. It can be used in contexts where someone is being dishonored or mistreated.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΤΙΜΑΖΩ, ΚΑΚΟΠΟΙΕΩ, ΥΠΕΡΗΦΑΝΕΩ

Etymology: From the noun ὕβρις (hybris), meaning 'insolence, wanton violence, outrage'. The verb means to act with or display such hubris.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3581

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KSEH-noo

Translations: of a stranger, of a guest, of a foreigner, of an alien, of a host

Notes: This word refers to someone who is not from one's own family, city, or country. It can mean a stranger, a foreigner, an alien, or even a guest or host, depending on the context. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΙΚΟΣ, ΑΛΛΟΓΕΝΗΣ

Etymology: The word comes from an ancient Greek root meaning 'guest-friend' or 'stranger'. It is related to the concept of hospitality in ancient cultures.

G1303

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-TEH-thees

Translations: having arranged, having appointed, having made, having covenanted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb διατίθημι (diatithēmi), meaning 'to arrange, to appoint, to make a covenant or will'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already taken place, often functioning like an adjective or adverb, indicating someone who has performed the action of arranging or covenanting. It implies a completed action of setting something in order or establishing an agreement.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΟΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word διατίθημι (diatithēmi) is a compound word formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to place' or 'to set'. Together, they convey the idea of placing or setting something in order, often with a sense of distribution or arrangement.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G5384

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: fee-LOOS

Translations: friends, beloved ones, dear ones, beloved, dear

Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'beloved one', or as an adjective meaning 'dear' or 'beloved'. It is used to refer to individuals or groups who are cherished, loved, or closely associated with someone. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to 'friends' or 'beloved ones' in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of an action.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G1863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-AH-ghee

Translations: bring upon, bring in, lead on, inflict, impose, add

Notes: This verb means to bring something upon someone or something, to lead or bring in, or to inflict. It can also mean to impose or add something. It is often used in contexts where a consequence, judgment, or action is brought to bear on a situation or person.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΦΕΡΩ, ΕΙΣΑΓΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epi, “upon, to”) + ἄγω (agō, “to lead, bring”). It literally means 'to lead upon' or 'to bring upon'.

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G5442

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: foo-LAS-sone

Translations: keeping, guarding, observing, preserving, watching, a keeper, a guard

Notes: This word describes the action of keeping, guarding, or observing something. It can refer to physically protecting something, like a city or a person, or to observing a law or command. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that is performing the action of guarding or keeping.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΡΟΥΡΕΩ, ΠΑΡΑΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ comes from the Greek word φύλαξ (phylax), meaning 'a guard' or 'a watcher'.

G0420

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: an-YOO-bris-ton

Translations: uninsulted, unharmed, uninjured, unmolested, not outraged

Notes: This word describes something or someone that has not been subjected to insolence, outrage, or harm. It implies a state of being free from insult or injury, often in a moral or physical sense. It can be used to describe a person who remains unmolested or a thing that is kept safe from damage.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΒΛΑΒΗΣ, ΑΚΕΡΑΙΟΣ, ΑΝΕΠΙΛΗΠΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἀνύβριστος (anybristos) is a compound word formed from the privative alpha prefix ἀν- (an-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and the root of ὕβρις (hybris), meaning 'insolence' or 'outrage'. Thus, it literally means 'without insolence' or 'not outraged'.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FEN

Translations: sister, a sister

Notes: This word refers to a female sibling. It is a compound word formed from the prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'together' or 'same') and 'δελφύς' (delphys, meaning 'womb'), literally meaning 'from the same womb'. It is used to denote a biological sister, or metaphorically, a fellow believer or a close female companion.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word ἀδελφή (adelphē) is derived from ἀδελφός (adelphos), which is a compound of the copulative prefix ἀ- (a-, 'together' or 'same') and δελφύς (delphys, 'womb'). Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

G1510

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: OO-san

Translations: being, existing, that is, that exists

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be'. As a participle, it describes something that is 'being' or 'existing' at the time of the action. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used substantively (as a noun). In this form, it is feminine, singular, and in the accusative case, meaning it would be the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, referring to a feminine noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle

Etymology: The verb ΕἸΜΙ (eimi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.

G1863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-AH-ges-thai

Translations: to bring upon, to bring in, to inflict, to lead on, to bring forward

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'to') and the verb ἄγω (agō, meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'). As an infinitive, it means 'to bring upon' or 'to lead on'. It can be used in various contexts to describe the act of bringing something or someone into a particular state or place, often with the nuance of bringing something undesirable upon someone, or leading someone towards something.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΓΩ, ΕΙΣΑΓΩ

Etymology: The verb ἐπάγω (epagō) is derived from the prefix ἐπί (epí), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ἄγω (ágō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. Its etymology reflects the action of leading or bringing something onto or towards something else.

G4927

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soon-oy-KOO-san

Translations: living with, cohabiting with, dwelling with, residing with

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb ΣΥΝΟΙΚΕΩ, meaning 'to live together with' or 'to cohabit'. It is a compound word formed from ΣΥΝ (together with) and ΟΙΚΕΩ (to dwell or live). It describes someone who is in the act of living or dwelling with another person or group.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΟΔΕΥΩ, ΣΥΜΒΙΟΩ, ΣΥΝΟΙΚΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΟΙΚΕΩ is derived from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΟΙΚΕΩ (oikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'.

G1861

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ang-GEL-le-tai

Translations: he promises, she promises, it promises, he declares, she declares, it declares

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to promise' or 'to declare'. It is often used in the context of making a solemn declaration or a commitment, especially concerning future actions or blessings. It can also mean to announce or proclaim. In a sentence, it would describe someone or something making a promise or a declaration.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ὙΠΙΣΧΝΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ

G3930

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EX-ayn

Translations: to provide, to furnish, to supply, to offer, to grant, to cause, to present, to afford

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb παρέχω (parechō). It means 'to provide' or 'to furnish' something to someone. It can also mean 'to offer' or 'to grant' a benefit or service. In a broader sense, it can imply 'to cause' or 'to present' a certain state or condition. It is often used in contexts where one person or entity makes something available to another.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΑΡΑΣΧΕΙΝ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: The word παρέχω (parechō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Thus, its literal meaning is 'to hold alongside' or 'to have ready', which evolved into 'to provide' or 'to furnish'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3062

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: LOY-pon

Translations: remaining, the rest, the remainder, other, finally, henceforth, for the rest

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'remaining' or 'other', a noun meaning 'the rest' or 'the remainder', or an adverb meaning 'finally', 'henceforth', or 'for the rest'. As an adjective, it describes what is left over. As a noun, it refers to the remaining portion or people. As an adverb, it introduces a concluding thought or indicates a future time.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λείπω (leípō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'.

G0087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-deh-OOS

Translations: fearless, without fear, unafraid, of a fearless one, of one without fear

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is without fear, brave, or secure. It is often used to emphasize a state of confidence or boldness, particularly in the face of danger or opposition. It is an adjective and would modify a noun, indicating that the noun possesses the quality of being fearless.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΦΟΒΟΣ, ΑΤΑΡΑΧΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἀδεής (adeēs) is a compound word formed from the privative prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and δέος (deos), meaning 'fear' or 'dread'. Thus, it literally means 'without fear'.

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-noo

Translations: of that, of that one, of him, of it, that one's, his

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ', meaning 'that' or 'that one'. In the genitive case, it indicates possession or origin, translating to 'of that', 'of that one', 'of him', or 'of it'. It can refer to a person or thing previously mentioned or understood from context, distinguishing it from something closer or more immediate.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ' is derived from the demonstrative particle 'ἘΚΕῖ' (there), indicating distance. It points to something or someone far off or distinct from the speaker and listener.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-noo

Translations: having become, having come to pass, of having become, of having come to pass

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be born.' As a genitive singular participle, it often indicates a causal or temporal relationship, meaning 'of one who has become' or 'when something has happened.' It describes an action that has already taken place and is often used to modify a noun in the genitive case.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

G4823

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soom-boo-LEH-oo-san-TON

Translations: of those who advised, of those who counseled, of those who deliberated together

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to advise' or 'to counsel'. It describes an action performed by a group of people, often translated as 'when they advised' or 'after they advised' when used in a genitive absolute construction. It indicates that the action of advising or counseling has been completed.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΣΑΝΤΩΝ, ΣΥΝΕΒΟΥΛΕΥΣΑΝΤΩΝ

G3982

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pay-so-MEH-nays

Translations: of one who will obey, of one who will be persuaded, of one who is about to obey, of one who is about to be persuaded

Notes: This word is a participle, indicating an action that is about to happen in the future. It comes from the verb 'peithō', meaning 'to persuade' or 'to obey'. As a future middle/passive participle, it describes someone who is going to be persuaded or is going to obey. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and in this form, it indicates possession or relationship (genitive case).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Future, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΣΟΜΕΝΗΣ, ΠΕΙΣΘΗΣΟΜΕΝΗΣ

Etymology: The verb 'peithō' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to bind, to persuade, to trust'. It is related to concepts of trust, belief, and compliance.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G2749

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kay-DES-thai

Translations: to care for, to be concerned about, to take care of, to be anxious about

Notes: ΚΗΔΕΣΘΑΙ is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb ΚΗΔΩ. It means to be concerned about, to care for, or to take care of someone or something. It often implies a sense of anxiety or solicitude. It is used to express an action that is directed towards oneself or that has oneself as the subject of the action, or to express an action done to the subject.

Inflection: Present, Infinitive, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΜΕΛΕΙ, ΦΡΟΝΤΙΖΩ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΚΗΔΩ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to trouble' or 'to be concerned'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G3306

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: meh-meh-NAY-koo-ee-ahn

Translations: remaining, abiding, enduring, a remaining one, an abiding one, an enduring one

Notes: This word is the perfect active participle of the verb ΜΕΝΩ, meaning 'to remain,' 'to abide,' or 'to endure.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing a noun that has completed the action of remaining or abiding. It indicates a state of having remained or continued in a particular place or condition.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΝΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European *men- 'to remain, to stay'. It is related to Latin manere 'to remain' and Sanskrit manas 'mind, spirit'.

G1510

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tos

Translations: (of) being, (of) existing, (of) a being, (of) an existing one

Notes: ὈΝΤΟΣ is the genitive singular present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It means 'being' or 'existing'. It is often used in genitive absolute constructions, which function like a subordinate clause, indicating time, cause, or circumstance, such as 'while it was being' or 'because it was being'.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'.

G4894

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: soo-nay-DOH-tos

Translations: of one who knows, of one who is conscious, of one who is aware, of one who is privy to, of one who is a witness

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of a participle derived from the verb 'συνείδω'. It describes someone who is aware of something, conscious of a fact, or privy to information. It can also refer to someone who is a witness to an event or has knowledge of it. It is often used in contexts relating to conscience or shared knowledge.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Participle, Perfect Active

Synonyms: ΓΝΩΣΤΟΣ, ΕΙΔΩΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΣ

G3361, G3366

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MAYD

Translations: not, lest, neither, nor, not even

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express prohibition, a negative condition, or a negative wish. It often appears in conjunction with other words, such as in the compound word 'μηδέ' (neither, nor, not even) or 'μηδαμῶς' (by no means). It is used with the subjunctive mood to forbid an action or express a negative purpose. It can also indicate a negative consequence or a fear that something might happen.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΚ, ΟΥΧ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *meh₂- (not). It is a primary negative particle, expressing a subjective or conditional negation.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G1987

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-PIS-tah-toh

Translations: knew, understood, was acquainted with, was skilled in, was aware of

Notes: This is the third person singular imperfect indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'ἐπίσταμαι' (epistamai). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It means 'he/she/it knew' or 'he/she/it understood' or 'he/she/it was acquainted with'. It can also mean 'he/she/it was skilled in' or 'he/she/it was aware of'. It is often used to describe knowledge or understanding that is deep and practical, rather than just theoretical.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'ἐπίσταμαι' (epístamai), which is a compound of 'ἐπί' (epí, 'upon, over') and 'ἵστημι' (hístēmi, 'to stand'). The original sense was 'to stand upon, to be set over', which evolved into 'to be skilled in, to understand'.

G0071

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-GOH-meh-non

Translations: being led, being brought, being carried, being driven, being taken

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being led' or 'being brought'. It describes someone or something that is in the process of being moved or guided by an external force. It can be used to describe a person or an object, and its meaning can vary slightly depending on the context, such as being led to a place, being carried, or being driven.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΚΟΜΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G91

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-dee-KOO-n

Translations: they were doing wrong, they were harming, they were injuring, they were wronging, they were acting unjustly

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb ἀδικέω (adikeō). It describes an action of doing wrong, harming, injuring, or acting unjustly that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It can refer to causing harm to someone, treating someone unfairly, or simply committing an offense.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΛΑΠΤΩ, ΚΑΚΟΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἀδικέω (adikeō) comes from the Greek word ἄδικος (adikos), meaning 'unjust', which is itself derived from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) and δίκη (dikē), meaning 'justice' or 'right'. Thus, it literally means 'to be unjust' or 'to act without justice'.

G3870

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-ka-LEI

Translations: he/she/it calls alongside, he/she/it summons, he/she/it invites, he/she/it implores, he/she/it exhorts, he/she/it comforts, he/she/it encourages, he/she/it consoles, call alongside!, summon!, invite!, implore!, exhort!, comfort!, encourage!, console!

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. It generally means to call someone to one's side, often for the purpose of help, comfort, or instruction. Depending on the context, it can mean to summon, invite, implore, exhort, comfort, encourage, or console. It implies a personal and often urgent appeal or a supportive action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular OR Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΡΕΠΩ, ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΝΘΑΡΡΥΝΩ

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-EH-in

Translations: to do, to make, to produce, to create, to perform, to accomplish, to bring about

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek and can be used in a wide range of contexts, from physical actions like making something, to abstract actions like performing a deed or bringing something about. It often indicates the execution of an action or the creation of an object.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word 'ποιέω' (poieō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an old root meaning 'to make' or 'to create'.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G1014

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: boo-LOH-meh-noh

Translations: (to) wishing, (to) desiring, (to) intending, (to) purposing, (to) willing

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the present middle/passive participle of the verb 'βούλομαι' (boulomai). It describes someone who is currently wishing, desiring, or intending to do something, and is used in a context where the action is directed towards or for the benefit of that person. It functions like an adjective modifying a noun or pronoun in the dative case.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΘΕΛΩ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ

G0078

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: af-tho-NEE-ah

Translations: abundance, plenty, a plenty, an abundance

Notes: This word refers to an ample supply or a great quantity of something, indicating a state of being plentiful or having more than enough. It is often used to describe a generous provision of resources or goods.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΕΙΑ, ΕΥ̓ΠΟΡΙΑ

Etymology: From ἀ- (a-, 'not') and φθόνος (phthonos, 'envy, grudge'). It literally means 'without envy' or 'without grudging,' implying an abundance that is given freely and without reservation.

G0565

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pee-EH-nai

Translations: to go away, to depart, to leave, to go off

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ἀπεῖμι', meaning 'to go away' or 'to depart'. It describes the action of moving from one place to another, specifically leaving a location. It can be used in various contexts to indicate a physical departure or a general act of going.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΠΕΡΧΕΣΘΑΙ, ἘΞΕΡΧΕΣΘΑΙ, ἈΝΑΧΩΡΕΙΝ

Etymology: The word 'ἀπεῖμι' is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb 'εἶμι' (eimi), meaning 'to go'.

G4264

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pro-ahee-ROO-meh-non

Translations: choosing, preferring, intending, purposing, deciding, a choosing one, that which is chosen

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προαιρέω' (proaireō), meaning 'to choose before', 'to prefer', or 'to purpose'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state. In this form, it indicates something or someone that is in the act of choosing, preferring, or purposing. It is a compound word formed from 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and 'αἱρέω' (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΩ, ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΘΕΛΩ

G5177

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: tef-XES-thai

Translations: to obtain, to happen, to meet with, to attain, to get, to fall to one's lot

Notes: This word is the future middle/passive infinitive form of the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō). It means 'to obtain,' 'to happen,' or 'to meet with.' It is often used to express the idea of achieving or acquiring something, or of something occurring by chance or fate. As an infinitive, it functions as a verbal noun, often dependent on another verb or expressing purpose or result.

Inflection: Future, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

G3745

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-sohn

Translations: (of) how many, (of) as many as, (of) all that, (of) whatsoever

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective/pronoun ὅσος (hosos), meaning 'how much, how great, as much as, as many as'. It is used to refer to a quantity or extent, often in a relative sense, indicating 'all that' or 'as many as' in a given context. As a genitive plural, it typically functions to show possession, origin, or a part of a larger group, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: PAS, HOLOS

G5535

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: KHRAY-zohn

Translations: needing, wanting, desiring, having need of, lacking, requiring

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'χρῄζω' (chrḗzō), meaning 'to need' or 'to want'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is currently in need or wanting something. It often takes a genitive object to indicate what is needed or wanted. For example, 'ΧΡΗΖΩΝ τροφῆς' would mean 'needing food'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ, ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb 'χρῄζω' (chrḗzō) is derived from 'χρεία' (chreía), meaning 'need' or 'use'. It signifies being in a state of need or having a requirement for something.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TAWT

Translations: this, that, these, those

Notes: ΤΑΥΤ is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific, either near in space or time, or recently mentioned. It can function as a pronoun, standing in for a noun, or as an adjective, modifying a noun. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the gender, number, and case.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural; or Feminine, Genitive, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-PON-tos

Translations: of saying, of speaking, of telling, of declaring

Notes: This word is a participle, meaning 'of saying' or 'of speaking'. It is derived from the verb 'λέγω' (legō), which means 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a genitive participle, it often indicates the person or thing that is doing the action of speaking, especially in a dependent clause or a genitive absolute construction, functioning similarly to 'when he said' or 'after he had spoken'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

G5574

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-SEV-sthai

Translations: to have lied, to have deceived, to have been deceived, to have been lied to

Notes: This word is the perfect middle or passive infinitive form of the verb 'ψεύδω' (pseudō), meaning 'to lie' or 'to deceive'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often translated with 'to have' + past participle, indicating a completed action. In the middle voice, it means 'to have lied' or 'to have deceived oneself', while in the passive voice, it means 'to have been deceived' or 'to have been lied to'. It can be used in various grammatical constructions, often after verbs of saying, thinking, or knowing.

Inflection: Perfect, Middle or Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΑΩ, ΠΛΑΝΑΩ

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FOO

Translations: (of) a brother, (of) the brother, (of) a fellow believer, (of) the fellow believer, (of) a kinsman

Notes: This word refers to a brother by birth, or more broadly, a fellow human being, a kinsman, or a fellow believer in a religious context. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession, origin, or relationship.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΝΗΡ, ΣΥΝΔΟΥΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΔΕΛΦΟΣ is a compound word derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

G1927

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-day-MEE-ah

Translations: a stay, a sojourn, a visit, a dwelling among, a residence, a presence, an epidemic

Notes: This word refers to a stay or sojourn in a place, indicating a temporary residence or visit. It can also denote the presence or arrival of someone, especially a deity. In a more negative sense, it can refer to an outbreak of disease, similar to an epidemic, due to its meaning of 'dwelling among the people'. It is the accusative singular form of the noun.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΙΚΙΑ, ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑ

G5274

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-po-lam-BAH-nane

Translations: to take up, to receive, to reply, to suppose, to assume, to think, to understand, to interrupt

Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive of the verb 'hypolambanō'. It means to take up or receive, often in the sense of taking up a discourse by replying or interrupting. It can also mean to suppose, assume, or think, indicating a mental reception or understanding of something. In some contexts, it refers to taking someone under one's care or protection.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπό (hypó, “under”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “to take, to seize”). The combination suggests 'taking up from under' or 'taking up in response'.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-sah

Translations: as many as, all that, whatever, how many, all things whatsoever, whatever things

Notes: This word is the neuter plural form of the relative pronoun/adjective ὅσος (hosos). It means 'as many as' or 'all that/which' and is used to introduce a relative clause, referring to an indefinite quantity or number of things. It can function as both a pronoun (e.g., 'whatever things') or an adjective (e.g., 'as many things as'). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: PANTA, HAPAS

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode, 'this') and the interrogative pronoun τίς (tis, 'who? what?').

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G0159

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ahee-TEE-os

Translations: responsible, cause, author, guilty, a cause, a guilty one

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is the cause or origin of an event or state, often implying responsibility or blame. It can be used as an adjective to describe someone as 'responsible' or 'guilty', or as a noun meaning 'the cause' or 'the author' of something. It is frequently used in legal or moral contexts.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΥΘΥΝΟΣ, ΕΝΟΧΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word αἰτία (aitia), meaning 'cause, reason, blame'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ge-GO-ne-nai

Translations: to have become, to have been, to have happened, to have come into being

Notes: This is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It describes an action that has been completed in the past, with the results or state continuing into the present. It is often used to express a state of being that has come about, or an event that has occurred.

Inflection: Perfect, Infinitive, Active

Synonyms: ΕΙΝΑΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙΝ

Etymology: The word 'γίνομαι' (ginomai) comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'.

G4286

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-thoo-may-THEE-nai

Translations: to be willing, to be eager, to be ready, to be disposed, to be zealous

Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'to be eager' or 'to be willing'. It describes the state of having a ready and willing mind or disposition towards an action or a person. It implies enthusiasm and readiness to act, often in a positive or benevolent sense. It can be used to express a desire or inclination to do something.

Inflection: Aorist, Infinitive, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΘΕΛΩ, ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΥΔΟΚΕΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟ (PRO), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and ΘΥΜΟΣ (THYMOS), meaning 'spirit', 'passion', or 'mind'. Thus, it literally means 'to have the spirit/mind forward' or 'to be forward-minded', indicating eagerness or willingness.

G2092

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eh-TOY-mohs

Translations: readily, promptly, quickly, at hand, in readiness, prepared

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'readily' or 'promptly'. It describes an action that is done with ease, speed, or a state of preparedness. It can indicate that something is available or at hand, or that an action is performed without hesitation. For example, one might 'readily' obey a command or be 'prepared' for an event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΤΑΧΕΩΣ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ, ΠΑΡΑΧΡΗΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΕΤΟΙΜΩΣ is derived from the adjective ΕΤΟΙΜΟΣ (hetoimos), meaning 'ready' or 'prepared'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the concept of being 'at hand' or 'in order'.

G0002

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-bee-MEH-lekh-os

Translations: Abimelech

Notes: Abimelech is a proper noun referring to a Philistine king of Gerar mentioned in the Old Testament, particularly in the books of Genesis and Judges. The name itself means 'my father is king' or 'father of a king'. It is used to identify this specific historical figure.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Abimelech is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew words 'ab' (father) and 'melech' (king). It literally translates to 'my father is king' or 'father of a king'.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYN

Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region

Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G0007

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ah-DOH-los

Translations: without guile, sincerely, honestly, genuinely, unadulteratedly

Notes: This word means without deceit, trickery, or fraud. It describes an action or attitude that is pure, sincere, and straightforward, free from any hidden motives or impurities. It is used to indicate that something is done with integrity and honesty.

Inflection: Adverbial form, does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΚΑΚΩΣ, ΕἸΛΙΚΡΙΝΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΡΩΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΔΟΛΩΣ (adolōs) is an adverb derived from the adjective ἄδολος (adolos), meaning 'without guile, unadulterated'. It is formed from the privative prefix ἀ- (a-, 'not') and δόλος (dolos, 'guile, deceit').

G4176

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: po-li-TEV-ses-thai

Translations: to live as a citizen, to conduct oneself, to behave, to administer, to govern

Notes: This word describes the act of living and conducting oneself as a citizen, participating in the affairs of a community or state. It can also refer to administering or governing, or simply behaving in a particular manner. It implies a sense of responsibility and engagement within a social or political context.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΔΙΟΙΚΕΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πολίτης (politēs, 'citizen'), from πόλις (polis, 'city, state'). It refers to the actions and conduct of a citizen within a city or state.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: TI-nos

Translations: of someone, of something, of anyone, of anything, of a certain one, of a certain thing, of what, of whom, whose

Notes: ΤΙΝΟΣ is the genitive singular form of the indefinite or interrogative pronoun 'τις'. As an indefinite pronoun, it refers to an unspecified person or thing, often translated as 'someone' or 'something'. As an interrogative pronoun, it asks about the identity or nature of a person or thing, translated as 'whose' or 'of what'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΙΝΩΝ, ΤΙΝΙ, ΤΙΝΑ

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-oo-MEH-noy

Translations: making, doing, performing, producing, creating, causing, practicing, carrying out

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action being performed by or to the subject. It can convey the sense of 'those who are making/doing' (middle voice) or 'those who are being made/done' (passive voice), depending on the context. It is often used to describe actions or activities being carried out.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΙ

G3727

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OR-kon

Translations: oath, an oath

Notes: This word refers to a solemn promise or vow, often made with an appeal to a divine being or sacred object as a witness. It signifies a binding declaration that invokes a higher power to guarantee its truthfulness or fulfillment. It is used in sentences to denote the act of swearing or the promise itself.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the idea of a 'fence' or 'enclosure', suggesting something that binds or confines, thus a binding agreement or oath.

G0996

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ber-soo-BAH-ee

Translations: Beersheba

Notes: This is the name of an ancient city located in the Negev desert of southern Israel. It is mentioned frequently in the Hebrew Bible and is significant for its association with the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. It was considered the southernmost city of ancient Israel, often referred to as 'from Dan to Beersheba'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative (indeclinable form)

Etymology: The name 'Beersheba' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'well of the oath' or 'well of seven'. It is derived from the Hebrew words 'beer' (well) and 'sheba' (oath or seven), referring to the covenant made there between Abraham and Abimelech, or to the seven wells/ewes involved in that covenant.

G3727

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OR-kee-on

Translations: oath, a oath, pledge, a pledge, vow, a vow

Notes: This word refers to a solemn promise or vow, often made with a divine witness or to a deity. It signifies a binding commitment that carries serious consequences if broken. It is used to denote a formal declaration or affirmation.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΡΚΟΣ, ΟΜΟΛΟΓΙΑ

Etymology: The word "ΟΡΚΙΟΝ" is derived from the Greek word "ὅρκος" (horkos), meaning "oath." It is related to the verb "ὄμνυμι" (omnymi), meaning "to swear."

G3779

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OO-toh

Translations: thus, so, in this way, in like manner

Notes: This word is an adverb of manner, indicating how something is done or the way in which something occurs. It can also refer to the extent or degree of something. It is often used to introduce a consequence or a comparison, meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It is an older form of ΟΥΤΩΣ, and both forms are used interchangeably in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΩΣ, ΩΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos, 'this'). It indicates 'in this manner' or 'thus', referring back to something previously mentioned or implied.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GHI-neh-tai

Translations: becomes, happens, is, is born, comes into being, takes place, arises

Notes: This verb is very common and versatile, meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to be born,' or 'to come into being.' It describes a state of transition or occurrence, indicating that something is coming into existence or changing its state. It can be used in various contexts to describe events, transformations, or the origin of something.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΚΤΩ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loo

Translations: much, many, great, greatly, often, a lot

Notes: This word is commonly used to indicate a large quantity, degree, or frequency. As an adverb, it means 'much,' 'greatly,' or 'often,' modifying verbs or adjectives. As an adjective, it means 'much' (for singular nouns) or 'many' (for plural nouns), describing the quantity of something. It can also mean 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΛΑ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is a very common word across various Indo-European languages.

G3816

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PAIS

Translations: child, a child, boy, a boy, girl, a girl, servant, a servant, slave, a slave

Notes: This word refers to a child, whether a boy or a girl, and can also denote a servant or slave, regardless of age. Its meaning often depends on the context, indicating a young person or someone in a position of servitude. For example, it can refer to a son or daughter, or a male or female attendant.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΔΟΥΛΟΣ, ΚΟΡΑΣΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- ('small, few'). It is related to words meaning 'child' or 'small' in various Indo-European languages.

G4300

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-EI-ray-toh

Translations: it had been said before, it was foretold, it was prophesied

Notes: This is a verb in the third person singular, perfect passive indicative. It means 'it had been said before' or 'it was foretold'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose result continues into the past, often referring to prophecies or previous statements. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before', and the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say'.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Perfect, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΦΗΤΕΥΘΗ, ΠΡΟΕΛΑΛΗΘΗ

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G3305

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN-toy

Translations: however, certainly, indeed, nevertheless, yet, truly

Notes: ΜΕΝΤΟΙ is a particle used to introduce a strong contrast or to emphasize a statement. It often means 'however' or 'nevertheless' when introducing a contrasting idea, or 'certainly' or 'indeed' when adding emphasis to a preceding statement. It can be used to affirm something strongly or to mark a transition to a more important or contrasting point.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΔΕ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: From the particle μέν (men) meaning 'on the one hand' or 'indeed', and τοι (toi) meaning 'surely' or 'indeed'. It combines these elements to form a stronger emphatic or adversative particle.

G5346

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: fay-SAN-tos

Translations: of having said, of one who said, of saying

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb and indicating an action that occurred prior to the main verb. In this genitive form, it often translates as 'of one who said' or 'of having said', indicating possession or relationship concerning the act of speaking.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩΝ, ΕΙΠΩΝ, ΛΑΛΩΝ

G2235

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).

G4245

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-ran

Translations: older, elder, a more aged woman, the elder woman

Notes: This word is the feminine accusative singular form of the comparative adjective 'presbyteros'. It refers to someone who is older in age or rank. In the New Testament, it can refer to an 'elder' in the church, but in its feminine form, it often refers to an 'older woman' or 'elder woman'. It is used to describe someone who is more advanced in years compared to another.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΝΤΕΡΑΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙΟΤΕΡΑΝ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TEH

Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves

Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G5306

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: HOO-sta-toh

Translations: to the last, to the latest, to the uttermost, to the final, to the extreme, to the lowest

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'last', 'latest', 'final', 'uttermost', or 'extreme'. It is used to describe something that is at the very end of a sequence, time, or extent. In its dative form, as seen here, it typically indicates the recipient or the circumstance to which something is directed, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΣΧΑΤΟΣ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΟΣ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EH-thos

Translations: custom, habit, practice, a custom, a habit, a practice

Notes: This word refers to a custom, habit, or practice, something that is regularly done or observed. It describes a customary way of acting or a traditional practice within a community or by an individual. It is often used to refer to established traditions or religious observances.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΣ, ΣΥΝΗΘΕΙΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *swedh-, meaning 'custom, habit'. It is related to words signifying 'one's own' or 'peculiar to oneself', indicating something that is characteristic or habitual.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2453

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oy

Translations: Jews, the Jews

Notes: This word refers to the Jewish people, the inhabitants of Judea, or those who are ethnically or religiously Jewish. It is often used in the New Testament to distinguish the Jewish people from Gentiles (non-Jews).

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word originates from the Hebrew word 'Yehudi' (יהודי), meaning 'of Judah' or 'from the land of Judah'. It refers to the descendants of Judah, one of the twelve sons of Jacob, and later to the inhabitants of the kingdom of Judah.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-EE-sthai

Translations: to make, to do, to create, to produce, to perform, to cause, to bring about, to appoint, to observe, to celebrate

Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō). It generally means 'to make' or 'to do', but in the middle voice, it often implies 'to make for oneself' or 'to do for oneself', or 'to cause to be done'. It can also be used idiomatically in various contexts, such as 'to perform' an action, 'to celebrate' a festival, or 'to appoint' someone. It is a very common and versatile verb in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Part of Speech: Ordinal Numeral, Adjective

Sounds like: trees-keh-DEH-kah-ton

Translations: thirteenth, a thirteenth

Notes: This word is an ordinal numeral meaning 'thirteenth'. It is used to indicate the position in a sequence, similar to how 'first' or 'second' are used in English. It can modify a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case, or it can stand alone as a substantive.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: This word is a compound formed from 'ΤΡΙΣ' (TRIS, meaning 'thrice' or 'three times'), 'ΚΑΙ' (KAI, meaning 'and'), and 'ΔΕΚΑ' (DEKA, meaning 'ten'), combined with the ordinal suffix '-ΤΟΝ'. It literally means 'three and ten', forming 'thirteen', and then the ordinal suffix makes it 'thirteenth'.

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-noos

Translations: of a nation, of the nation, of a people, of the people, of a Gentile, of the Gentile, of a heathen, of the heathen

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people, or a race, often used in the context of non-Israelite peoples or Gentiles. It can also refer to a group of people united by common descent, language, or culture. In the New Testament, it frequently distinguishes between Jews and non-Jews (Gentiles).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ, ΓΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'), suggesting a group united by common customs.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-nos

Translations: having become, being, happened, arisen, a having become, a being

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It can be translated as 'having become', 'being', or 'when he/it became'. It often indicates a state or condition resulting from a past action.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΗΘΗ

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G5550

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHRO-noh

Translations: (to) time, (in) time, a time, season, period

Notes: This word refers to a period of time, a season, or a specific moment. It is often used to indicate when something occurs, frequently appearing with prepositions like 'ἐν' (in) to denote 'in time' or 'at a certain time'. It can also refer to a duration or an appointed time.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΑΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΟΝΟΣ (chronos) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It refers to a duration of time, as opposed to καιρός (kairos), which refers to a specific, opportune time.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G1620

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-THEE-so-mai

Translations: I will expose, I will set out, I will explain, I will lay out

Notes: This word is the future tense, middle voice, first person singular form of the verb 'εκτίθημι' (ektithēmi). It means 'I will expose' or 'I will set out'. It can also mean 'I will explain' or 'I will lay out' in a descriptive sense, as in presenting information or an argument. It is often used when someone intends to present or describe something in detail.

Inflection: Future, Middle Voice, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΞΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

G1080

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: gen-nee-THEN-tah

Translations: having been born, having been begotten, those having been born, those having been begotten

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having been born' or 'having been begotten'. It describes something that has undergone the action of being born or produced. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can also act as a substantive (a noun). In this form, it is accusative plural, typically referring to 'those things/people that have been born'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΠΟΙΕΩ, ΦΥΩ

Etymology: The root word ΓΕΝΝΑΩ (gennaō) comes from the Greek word γένος (genos), meaning 'race, family, kind'. It refers to the act of bringing forth, producing, or giving birth.

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-ton

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G4758

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-TER-gen

Translations: loved, cherished, was fond of, was content with

Notes: This word describes a deep, affectionate love, often implying a natural or familial affection, or a strong contentment with something. It is used to express a fondness or cherishing of someone or something, or to indicate being satisfied or content with a situation. It is typically used in the past tense to describe an action that occurred in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΠΑΩ, ΦΙΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΕΡΓΩ is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the concept of natural affection, especially within a family.

G0620

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-LEI-poo-sah

Translations: leaving, abandoning, deserting, remaining, being left behind, lacking, failing

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'apoleipō'. It describes an action of 'leaving behind' or 'abandoning'. Depending on context, it can also mean 'remaining' or 'being left over', or 'lacking' something. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun that is doing the leaving or being left, or substantively, referring to 'the one who leaves' or 'the one who is left'.

Inflection: Singular, Present, Active, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, ΕΚΛΕΙΠΩ

G2398

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EE-dee-on

Translations: own, its own, private, peculiar, a private thing

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'one's own', 'private', or 'peculiar'. It refers to something that belongs to or is characteristic of a particular person or thing. It is often used to emphasize possession or individuality, indicating that something is distinct from what belongs to others. For example, it can be used to say 'his own house' or 'their own brother'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ͂, ἙΑΥΤΟΥ͂

Etymology: The word comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'separate, distinct, personal'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey a sense of individuality or privacy.

G5142

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-TREH-feh-toh

Translations: was being nourished, was being fed, was being brought up, was being reared

Notes: This is a verb in the imperfect tense, passive voice. It describes an ongoing action in the past where the subject was the recipient of the action, meaning they were being nourished, fed, or brought up by someone or something else. It implies a continuous state or process in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΒΟΣΚΩ, ΘΡΕΠΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΤΡΕΦΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to thicken, to make firm, to nourish'. It is related to concepts of growth and sustenance.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1243

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ah-do-KHEE

Translations: succession, a succession, successor, a successor

Notes: This word refers to a succession, especially in the sense of one person or thing following another in order, office, or position. It can also refer to the person who succeeds, a successor. It is often used in contexts of leadership or inheritance.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΔΟΧΟΣ, ΔΙΑΔΟΧΗ

Etymology: From the verb διαδέχομαι (diadechomai), meaning 'to receive in turn' or 'to succeed'. It is formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and δέχομαι (dechomai), meaning 'to receive'.

G5088

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: teh-KOO-sah

Translations: having given birth, mother, she who bore, a mother

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'τίκτω' (tiktō), meaning 'to give birth' or 'to bear'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed. When used substantively, it refers to the person who performed the action, specifically 'the one who gave birth' or 'a mother'. It is often used to refer to a biological mother.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΗΤΗΡ

G0515

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-KSEE-oo

Translations: was thinking worthy, was deeming worthy, was demanding, was asking, was requesting, was claiming, was expecting

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'axioō'. It means 'to deem worthy,' 'to consider worthy,' 'to ask,' 'to request,' or 'to demand.' It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that someone was continuously or repeatedly considering something worthy, or making a request or demand. It often implies a sense of entitlement or a belief that one has a right to something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑἸΤΈΩ, ΖΗΤΈΩ, ΔΈΟΜΑΙ

G3979

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-TREH-fes-thai

Translations: to nourish, to bring up, to support, to maintain, to feed, to rear

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'παρά' (para, beside, alongside) and 'τρέφω' (trephō, to nourish, to rear). In its infinitive form 'παρατρέφεσθαι', it means 'to be nourished', 'to be brought up', or 'to be supported'. It implies providing sustenance or care, often in the sense of raising children or maintaining someone. It can be used in contexts where someone is being fed or sustained by another.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΝΑΤΡΕΦΩ, ΕΚΤΡΕΦΩ

Etymology: The word 'παρατρέφω' is a compound of the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'τρέφω' (trephō), meaning 'to nourish', 'to rear', or 'to bring up'. The combination suggests nourishing or bringing up alongside or in addition to, often implying careful or complete sustenance.

G5607

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tah

Translations: being, existing, things that are, beings, real things

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something that is or exists. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating a state of being or existence. It can refer to 'those who are' or 'things that are', depending on the context and gender.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter Plural; or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ὙΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ

Etymology: The word εἰμί (eimi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es- meaning 'to be'. It is a fundamental verb in many Indo-European languages.

G4245

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-ron

Translations: older, elder, more ancient, a presbyter, an elder

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective or noun 'presbyteros'. As an adjective, it means 'older' or 'elder', often used to compare age or seniority. As a noun, it refers to an 'elder' or 'presbyter', a person of advanced age or a leader in a community, particularly in religious contexts. It can be used to describe someone who is more senior in age or position than another.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΡΕΣΒΥΣ, ΓΕΡΩΝ

G2555

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-koor-GEH-in

Translations: to do evil, to commit evil, to be a wrongdoer, to be a criminal

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'κακουργέω'. It means 'to do evil', 'to commit evil', or 'to be a wrongdoer'. It describes the act of engaging in malicious or criminal behavior. It can be used in sentences where the subject is performing harmful or wicked actions.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΕΥΕΣΘΑΙ, ΑΔΙΚΕΙΝ

Etymology: The word 'κακουργέω' is a compound word derived from 'κακός' (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil', and 'ἔργον' (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. Thus, it literally means 'to do evil deeds'.

G1410

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: doo-NA-meh-non

Translations: being able, able, capable, powerful

Notes: This word is a present participle derived from the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that is currently able or capable of doing something. It can be used to describe a person or thing that possesses power or ability.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΝ, ΔΥΝΑΤΟΝ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'δύναμαι' (dynamai) comes from the Greek root 'δύνα-' (dyna-), which relates to power, strength, and ability. It is connected to words like 'δύναμις' (dynamis, power) and 'δυνατός' (dynatos, powerful).

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G0599

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-poh-tha-NON-tos

Translations: of having died, of one who died, of a dead one

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to die'. It describes someone or something that has died, often functioning like an adjective or a noun. In this genitive form, it typically indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of the one who died' or 'of the dead person'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΤΕΘΝΗΚΟΤΟΣ, ΝΕΚΡΟΥ

Etymology: The word ἀποθνῄσκω (apothnēiskō) is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb θνῄσκω (thnēiskō), meaning 'to die'. The prefix intensifies the meaning, emphasizing the finality of death.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G1603

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-PEM-pine

Translations: to send out, to send forth, to dispatch

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (out of, from) and the verb 'πέμπω' (to send). It means to send someone or something out, away, or forth from a place. It can be used in various contexts, such as sending people on a mission, dispatching goods, or even sending forth a sound or an idea.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek preposition 'ἐκ' (out of, from) and the verb 'πέμπω' (to send). 'Πέμπω' itself comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to send, to conduct'.

G4369

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-et-EE-theh-toh

Translations: was added, was being added, was being put to, was being joined to, was being attached to

Notes: This word describes an action that was continuously or repeatedly happening in the past. It means 'to be added,' 'to be put to,' or 'to be joined to.' It implies an ongoing process of something being attached or increased. For example, it could be used to say 'he was being added to the group' or 'something was being put to him.'

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙΘΕΤΟ, ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙΘΕΝΤΟ, ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙΘΕΜΗΝ

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G4704

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-poo-DAH-kay

Translations: had been eager, had been diligent, had been earnest, had made haste, had striven

Notes: This is a verb in the pluperfect active indicative, third person singular. It describes an action that was completed in the past before another past action. The root verb means to be eager, to make haste, to be diligent, or to strive. Thus, ἘΣΠΟΥΔΑΚΕΙ indicates that someone had previously been eager, diligent, or had striven for something.

Inflection: Pluperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΓΩ, ΣΠΕΥΔΩ, ΦΙΛΟΤΙΜΕΟΜΑΙ

G5595

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: oh-MOH-tah-ton

Translations: most cruel, most savage, most brutal, most fierce

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'Ὠμός' (ōmos), meaning 'raw, crude, cruel, savage'. As a superlative, it indicates the highest degree of these qualities, describing something or someone as 'most cruel' or 'most savage'. It is used to emphasize an extreme level of brutality or fierceness.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter, Superlative

Synonyms: ΑΓΡΙΩΤΑΤΟΝ, ΣΚΛΗΡΟΤΑΤΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'Ὠμός' (ōmos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the concept of 'raw' or 'uncooked', which then extended to 'crude' or 'savage'.

G635

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-POH-ron

Translations: impassable, without resource, without means, at a loss, difficult, impossible, a difficulty, an impossibility

Notes: This word describes something that is impassable, difficult to traverse, or without a way through. It can also refer to a situation where one is without resources, at a loss, or in a state of perplexity, indicating a lack of means or a solution. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-, 'not') and πόρος (poros, 'a way, passage, resource').

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΟΣ, ΑΜΗΧΑΝΟΣ, ΑΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ

G0316

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-nang-KAI-ohn

Translations: of necessary things, of essential things, of important things, of urgent things, of indispensable things

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ἀναγκαῖος' (anagkaios), meaning 'necessary,' 'essential,' 'important,' or 'urgent.' It describes things that are indispensable or required. In this inflected form, it would typically be used to indicate possession, origin, or a relationship 'of' or 'belonging to' necessary or important matters.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΑΙΩΝ, ΧΡΗΣΙΜΩΝ, ΕΠΕΙΓΟΝΤΩΝ

G5306

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: HOO-steh-ron

Translations: later, afterward, last, finally, the latter, the end, a later time, the later

Notes: This word indicates a point in time that comes after another, or something that is last in a sequence. It can function as an adverb meaning 'later' or 'afterward', or as an adjective/noun meaning 'the last' or 'the latter part'. It is often used to refer to a subsequent event or a final outcome.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (when functioning as a noun/adjective), Adverbial

Synonyms: ΟΨΕ, ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΤΕΛΟΣ

Etymology: From the comparative form of the adverb 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'below', indicating a position or time that is subsequent or inferior.

G0700

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-RES-keh-toh

Translations: was pleasing, was being pleased, was satisfying, was being satisfied, was gratifying, was being gratified

Notes: This word describes an action of pleasing or being pleased, satisfying or being satisfied, or gratifying or being gratified. It is often used to indicate that someone or something was agreeable or acceptable to another. It can also imply an effort to gain favor or approval. As an imperfect tense, it describes a continuous or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΥΑΡΕΣΤΕΩ, ΙΚΑΝΟΩ

Etymology: The word ἀρέσκω (areskō) comes from the root ἀρέω (areō), meaning 'to fit, to be suitable'. It is related to ἀρετή (aretē), meaning 'excellence' or 'virtue', suggesting a connection to what is fitting or proper.

G3982

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: peess-THEYS

Translations: having been persuaded, having been convinced, having obeyed, having trusted

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb ΠΕΙΘΩ (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to convince'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, indicating that the subject has undergone the process of being persuaded or convinced. It can also imply having obeyed or trusted, as a result of being persuaded. It functions adjectivally or adverbially in a sentence, often indicating the cause or circumstance of another action.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΕΙΣΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΕΠΟΙΘΩΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΙΘΩ (peithō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to bind, to tie, to persuade, to believe'. It is related to concepts of trust, faith, and obedience.

G3860

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-reh-DIH-doo

Translations: he was handing over, she was handing over, it was handing over, he was delivering, she was delivering, it was delivering, he was entrusting, she was entrusting, it was entrusting, he was betraying, she was betraying, it was betraying

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'paradidomi'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It means to hand over, deliver, entrust, or betray. The specific nuance depends on the context; it can refer to physically handing something over, delivering a message, entrusting someone with a task, or betraying someone to an enemy.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G5562

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kho-REH-in

Translations: to go, to make room, to contain, to hold, to advance, to withdraw, to have space, to be able to receive

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'χωρέω'. It describes the action of moving, making space, or containing something. It can be used to express the idea of progressing, withdrawing, or having the capacity to hold or receive something.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: From the Greek word 'χώρα' (chōra), meaning 'space' or 'place'. The verb 'χωρέω' thus relates to occupying or moving through space.

G5342

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: feh-roh-MEH-neen

Translations: being carried, being borne, being brought, being led, being driven

Notes: This word is a present passive participle of the verb ΦΕΡΩ (pherō), meaning 'to carry,' 'to bear,' 'to bring,' or 'to lead.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is in the process of being carried, borne, or brought by another. In this form, it is used to describe a feminine singular noun in the accusative case.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine, Present, Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

G2753

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KEH-lew-en

Translations: was commanding, commanded, was ordering, ordered

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. It is used to describe an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He was commanding them to go' or 'He ordered them repeatedly'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ἘΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word κελεύω (keleuō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to κέλλω (kello, 'to drive, urge'). It has been in use since ancient Greek times to denote the act of commanding or urging someone to do something.

G3594

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ho-day-GOH

Translations: to lead, to guide, to show the way, to conduct

Notes: This verb means to lead or guide someone, often by showing them the way or directing their path. It can be used in contexts of physical guidance, like leading a person along a road, or in a more metaphorical sense, such as guiding someone spiritually or instructing them.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΚΑΘΟΔΗΓΩ, ΠΡΟΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΟΔΗΓΩ is a compound word formed from ΟΔΟΣ (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road', and ΑΓΩ (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. Thus, it literally means 'to lead the way'.

G0318

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nahg-KAY

Translations: necessity, compulsion, distress, trouble, need, a necessity

Notes: This word refers to a state of necessity, compulsion, or distress. It can describe an unavoidable obligation or a difficult situation that causes hardship. It is often used to denote a pressing need or an unavoidable circumstance.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΛΙΨΙΣ, ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ

Etymology: From a compound of ἀνά (ana, 'up, again') and ἄγκη (ankē, 'a bend, a curve'), referring to a bending or constraint. It denotes that which compels or constrains.

G5530

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: khro-MEH-neen

Translations: using, employing, having used, a using, an employing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'χράομαι' (chráomai), meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of using or employing something. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing the manner of an action.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΕΧΩΝ, ΚΕΧΡΗΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The verb χράομαι (chráomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- meaning 'to desire, to want'. It originally meant 'to consult an oracle' or 'to proclaim', and later developed the meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'.

G0565

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-pee-OO-san

Translations: going away, departing, leaving

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἀπέρχομαι' (aperchomai), meaning 'to go away' or 'to depart'. As a participle, it describes an action that is happening or has happened, functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this form, it is used to describe a feminine singular subject that is in the process of going away or departing, often serving as the object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

G3007

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-LEH-loy-pay

Translations: it had failed, it had run out, it had been left behind, it had been lacking

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi, meaning 'upon, over, in addition to') and the verb ΛΕΙΠΩ (leipo, meaning 'to leave, to lack'). In the perfect tense, it often conveys the sense of something having been left behind, having failed, or having run out, with a focus on the resulting state. It is typically used impersonally, referring to a resource or supply that is no longer available.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Perfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΕΚΛΕΙΠΩ, ΑΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ

G2556

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ka-KOYS

Translations: (to) evils, (to) bad things, (to) bad people, (for) evils, (for) bad things, (for) bad people

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ΚΑΚΟΣ' (kakos), meaning 'bad', 'evil', 'harmful', or 'wicked'. In this dative plural form, it indicates the recipient or beneficiary of an action, or the means by which something is done, often translated as 'to' or 'for'. It can refer to 'bad things' or 'evil people' when used substantively.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΙΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΙΣ

G4684

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: spa-NEE-zon-tos

Translations: lacking, being in need of, being scarce, being rare, of lacking, of being in need of

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'spanizo', meaning 'to lack' or 'to be in need of'. It describes a state of scarcity or deficiency. It is often used to indicate that something is rare or in short supply, or that someone is experiencing a want of something. In the genitive case, as it is here, it often implies 'of' or 'concerning' the thing that is lacking.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΕΩ, ΥΣΤΕΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΠΑΝΙΖΩ (spanizo) comes from the Greek word σπάνιος (spanios), meaning 'rare' or 'scarce'.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: TEE-nee

Translations: to/for someone, to/for something, by someone, by something, with someone, with something, in what, to what, by what, a certain one, a certain thing, (to) what, (to) whom, (to) which

Notes: ΤΙΝΙ is the dative singular form of the indefinite and interrogative pronoun ΤΙΣ. As an indefinite pronoun, it means 'someone,' 'something,' 'a certain one,' or 'a certain thing,' indicating an unspecified person or object. As an interrogative pronoun, it means 'to whom,' 'to what,' 'by whom,' or 'by what,' asking about the recipient or agent of an action. Its meaning depends on the context, often indicating an indirect object or an instrument.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

G5087

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: THAY-sah

Translations: having placed, having put, having laid, having set, having made, having appointed

Notes: This word is a feminine, singular, nominative or accusative aorist participle, middle voice, derived from the verb 'τίθημι' (tithemi). It describes an action that has been completed by the subject, often translated as 'having placed' or 'having put'. It can function adjectivally, modifying a feminine noun, or adverbially, indicating the circumstances or cause of another action.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine, Aorist, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΕΘΗΚΑ, ΚΑΤΕΘΗΚΑ

G3813

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pai-DEE-on

Translations: child, a child, infant, an infant, little child, a little child

Notes: This word refers to a young child or an infant. It is a diminutive form of the word 'παῖς' (pais), meaning 'child' or 'servant', emphasizing the smallness or tenderness of the child. It can be used generally to refer to any young person, often implying innocence or youth.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΒΡΕΦΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'παιδίον' (paidíon), a diminutive of 'παῖς' (paîs, “child, boy, servant”).

G5598

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: psee-kho-rrah-GOON

Translations: dying, struggling for life, at the point of death, expiring

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ψυχή' (soul, life) and 'ῥήγνυμι' (to break, burst forth). It describes the state of being at the very point of death, struggling for one's last breath, or having one's life force breaking away. It is used to indicate a critical, terminal condition.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΘΝΗΣΚΩ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΩ, ΕΚΠΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΨΥΧΟΡΡΑΓΕΩ is a compound of two Greek words: ψυχή (psychē), meaning 'soul' or 'life', and ῥήγνυμι (rhēgnymi), meaning 'to break' or 'to burst forth'. Thus, it literally means 'the soul breaking forth' or 'the life breaking away', referring to the moment of death.

G5590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PSY-khen

Translations: soul, a soul, life, a life, mind, a mind, self, a self

Notes: This word refers to the soul, the principle of life, or the inner self. It can denote a person's life, their mind, or their spiritual essence. It is often used to describe the seat of emotions, desires, and affections, and can also refer to the individual person themselves.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ

Etymology: From a root meaning 'to breathe', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to breathe, to blow'.

G4959

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-TYN-khone

Translations: having met, having encountered, having happened upon, having conversed with

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'συντυγχάνω', meaning 'to meet with' or 'to happen upon'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities, indicating an action that has occurred. It describes someone who has met or encountered another person or thing, often implying a conversation or interaction took place. It can be used to introduce a clause that explains the circumstances or cause of a subsequent action.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΕΝΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ

G2304

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: THAY-oss

Translations: divine, godly, a divine

Notes: This word describes something as divine, godly, or pertaining to God. It is used to characterize things, persons, or actions that are considered to be of divine origin, nature, or quality. For example, it can describe a divine law, a godly person, or a divine act.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΘΕΟΠΡΕΠΗΣ, ΘΕΟΦΙΛΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word θεός (theos), meaning 'God'. It refers to anything that is related to or characteristic of God or a deity.

G0032

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ANG-geh-los

Translations: angel, a angel, messenger, a messenger

Notes: This word refers to a messenger, envoy, or one who is sent to deliver a message. In a religious context, it commonly refers to a divine messenger or an angel. It is a masculine noun and is frequently used in the New Testament to describe both human and divine agents.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΞ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΣ

Etymology: From an assumed primary verb meaning 'to bring tidings'. It is related to the idea of sending or conveying a message.

G4077

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pay-GAYN

Translations: spring, a spring, fountain, a fountain, well, a well, source, a source

Notes: This word refers to a natural source of water, such as a spring or a fountain. It can also be used metaphorically to denote the origin or source of something, like wisdom or life. It is typically used in sentences to indicate the place from which something originates or flows.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΡΗΝΗ, ΠΟΤΑΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΗΓΗ' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to gush' or 'to flow'.

G3879

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-KEE-me-nen

Translations: lying near, adjacent, neighboring, a neighboring, an adjacent, a lying near

Notes: This word is a present participle of the verb 'παράκειμαι' (parakeimai), meaning 'to lie beside' or 'to be near'. As an adjective, it describes something that is situated close to or adjacent to something else. It is often used to refer to a nearby place, object, or person.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Middle/Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ, ΓΕΙΤΩΝ

G4306

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-no-EIN

Translations: to provide for, to take thought for, to foresee, to care for

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning "before" or "in front of," and the verb νοέω (noeo), meaning "to perceive," "to think," or "to understand." Together, it means to think or perceive beforehand, thus to make provision for, to take thought for, or to care for something or someone. It implies a proactive concern or foresight.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΟΜΑΙ, ΦΡΟΝΤΙΖΩ, ΠΡΟΒΛΕΠΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρό (pro, "before") and νοέω (noeo, "to perceive, to think"). It literally means "to think beforehand" or "to perceive in advance."

G0395

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-tro-FEEZ

Translations: (of) bringing up, (of) rearing, (of) nurture, (of) upbringing, (of) sustenance

Notes: This word refers to the act of bringing up or rearing a child, encompassing their education, care, and sustenance. It can also refer more broadly to the provision of nourishment or support. It is used in contexts relating to the care and development of individuals.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΡΟΦΗ, ΘΡΕΜΜΑ

Etymology: The word ἀνατροφή (anatrophē) is derived from the verb ἀνατρέφω (anatréphō), meaning 'to bring up, nourish, rear'. It is formed from ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up, again', and τρέφω (tréphō), meaning 'to nourish, feed, bring up'.

G3813

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pai-DEE-oo

Translations: of a child, of the child, of a boy, of the boy, of a young person

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'παιδίον' (paidion), meaning 'child' or 'young person'. It refers to a young child, whether a boy or a girl, and can also be used for a servant or slave. As a genitive case, it typically indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. For example, 'the book of the child' or 'the child's book'.

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΝΗΠΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'παιδίον' (paidion) is a diminutive of 'παῖς' (pais), meaning 'child' or 'servant'. It comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂w- meaning 'few, small'.

G4293

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-ka-tang-GEL-me-noys

Translations: (to) those previously announced, (to) those previously proclaimed, (to) those previously declared

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, indicating an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results. It refers to something or someone that has been announced, proclaimed, or declared beforehand. In this inflected form, it functions as a dative plural, meaning 'to' or 'for' those who were previously announced or proclaimed.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΚΗΡΥΧΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΟΕΦΑΝΕΡΩΘΕΝΤΕΣ

G4820

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: soom-ba-LOO-sa

Translations: having met, having encountered, having joined, having contributed, having conferred, having come together

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning it describes an action completed prior to the main verb of the sentence. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (BALLO), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. Therefore, it literally means 'to throw together' or 'to cast with', which gives rise to its various meanings such as meeting, joining, or contributing. It is used to describe someone who has engaged in an action of coming together or contributing.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Feminine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΒΑΛΛΩ is derived from the prefix ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (BALLO), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. Its etymology reflects the idea of bringing things or people together.

G1333

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-FEV-ghee

Translations: escape, flee through, get away, avoid

Notes: This word means to escape or flee through, often implying a successful evasion of danger or capture. It can also mean to get away or avoid something. It is used to describe the act of escaping from a difficult situation or avoiding a negative consequence.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΕΚΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ

Etymology: From διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee'. It literally means 'to flee through' or 'to flee away'.

G0071

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-GEH-tai

Translations: is led, is brought, is carried, is driven

Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative passive form of the verb 'agō'. It means 'he/she/it is led', 'is brought', 'is carried', or 'is driven'. It describes an action being performed upon the subject, rather than by the subject, indicating movement or guidance by an external force.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΕΤΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΕΤΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to drive', 'to lead', or 'to draw'.

G1085

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GEH-nos

Translations: race, kind, family, nation, offspring, stock, a race, a kind

Notes: This word refers to a group of people or things sharing a common origin, characteristic, or lineage. It can denote a family, a nation, a race, a species, or a type. It is often used to describe a lineage or descent, such as 'the race of Israel' or 'the family of David'. It can also refer to a general category or kind of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁- meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generation' in English.

G1782

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: en-THEN-deh

Translations: from here, hence, thence

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating movement or origin from a specific place or time. It can mean 'from this place' or 'from this time onward'. It is used to denote a starting point for an action or a sequence of events.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΝΘΕΝ, ἘΝΘΑΔΕ

Etymology: This word is formed from the adverb ἔνθεν (enthen), meaning 'from there' or 'thence', combined with the suffix -δε (-de), which indicates motion towards a place or direction. In this case, the suffix reinforces the sense of origin or direction 'from here'.

G0744

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ar-KHAH-ee-on

Translations: ancient, old, former, an ancient thing, an old thing

Notes: This word describes something that is old, from a long time ago, or original. It refers to things that existed in the past or are of long standing. It can be used to describe people, objects, or concepts that are not new.

Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΑΛΑΙΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'beginning' or 'first cause', combined with the suffix -αῖος (-aios) which forms adjectives indicating origin or belonging. Thus, it refers to something pertaining to the beginning or ancient times.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GHEE-non-tai

Translations: they become, they happen, they come to pass, they are, they arise, they are made

Notes: This is a common verb meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' or 'to come into being.' It describes a process of change or occurrence, indicating that something is coming into existence or transitioning into a new state. It can also simply mean 'to be' in certain contexts, especially when referring to events or situations.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΥΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: mas-MAY-soss

Translations: Masmesos

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely a personal name or a place name. It is not a common word found in standard Koine Greek lexicons or biblical texts, suggesting it might be a less common name, a variant spelling, or specific to a particular non-biblical text. Without further context, its exact meaning or significance is unclear.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΜΑΣΜΗΣΟΣ' is uncertain. It does not appear to have a clear Greek root and may be of foreign origin, possibly Egyptian or Semitic, given the context of the example usage which mentions Egypt and Ishmael.

H5309

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: na-FAH-ee-soss

Translations: Naphish

Notes: Naphish is a proper noun, referring to a person or a tribe mentioned in the Old Testament. It is a transliteration of a Hebrew name into Koine Greek. In biblical contexts, it typically refers to one of the sons of Ishmael, or the tribe descended from him.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Etymology: This word is a transliteration of the Hebrew name נָפִישׁ (Naphish), meaning 'refreshed' or 'numerous'. It appears in the Septuagint, the Koine Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KAD-ma-sos

Translations: Cadmasos

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely a personal name or a place name. It is not a common word found in standard Koine Greek texts like the New Testament or Septuagint, suggesting it might be a less common name or a transliteration from another language. In the provided context, it seems to refer to a person.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΚΑΔΜΑΣΟΣ' is not readily available in standard Greek lexicons. It is likely a name of non-Greek origin that was transliterated into Greek.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

G2520

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: ka-thay-KOO-san

Translations: fitting, proper, suitable, appropriate, becoming, due

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'καθήκω', meaning 'to come down to, to reach to, to be fitting or proper'. As a participle, it functions adjectivally, describing something that is fitting, proper, or suitable. It can also refer to something that extends or reaches to a certain point, as seen in geographical descriptions. In the provided examples, it describes land that 'reaches to' a certain sea or a 'fitting' expense.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΗΚΩΝ, ΕΠΙΤΗΔΕΙΟΣ, ΑΡΜΟΔΙΟΣ

Etymology: The verb 'καθήκω' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and the verb 'ἥκω' (hēkō), meaning 'to have come, to be present'. Thus, it literally means 'to come down to' or 'to reach to', which then developed the sense of 'to be fitting' or 'to be proper' in a moral or social context.

G2281

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tha-LAS-san

Translations: sea, a sea

Notes: This word refers to a large body of salt water, such as an ocean or a large lake. It is commonly used to describe the sea as a physical location or as a powerful natural force. In sentences, it often appears as the direct object of a verb, indicating something done to or with the sea.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΩΚΕΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'thalassa' is of pre-Greek, Mediterranean origin, likely borrowed into Greek from an earlier language spoken in the Aegean region. It is not derived from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G0717

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-ra-BOHN

Translations: pledge, a pledge, earnest, a down payment, security

Notes: This word refers to a pledge, a down payment, or earnest money given as security for a future transaction or as a guarantee that a promise will be fulfilled. It signifies a part of a payment or a gift that confirms a larger, future payment or gift. It is often used in the context of a binding agreement or a promise of something to come.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ἘΓΓΥΗ, ΠΙΣΤΙΣ, ἈΡΡΕΒΩΝ

Etymology: This word is of Semitic (Hebrew or Phoenician) origin, likely from the Hebrew word 'ʿērābôn' (עֵרָבוֹן), meaning 'pledge' or 'security'. It entered Greek through trade and cultural exchange.

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-nos

Translations: nation, a nation, people, a people, Gentiles, a Gentile

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it often refers specifically to the Gentiles, meaning non-Jewish people. It can be used to describe a large group of people united by common descent, culture, or language.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'). It refers to a group of people sharing common customs or characteristics.

G0094