2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or continuation. It often introduces a conclusion or a statement that follows from what has just been said. It can also be used to resume a narrative or to emphasize a point, sometimes translated as 'now' or 'indeed' in such contexts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u, a particle indicating 'away from'. In Greek, it developed into a particle of inference or transition.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G1198

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: DES-mee-os

Translations: prisoner, a prisoner, bound, captive

Notes: This word refers to someone who is bound or imprisoned. It is often used as a noun to mean 'prisoner' or 'captive', but can also function as an adjective meaning 'bound' or 'in chains'. It is derived from the word 'δεσμός' (desmos), meaning 'bond' or 'chain'.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΙΧΜΑΛΩΤΟΣ, ΔΕΔΕΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word 'δεσμός' (desmos), meaning 'bond' or 'chain', which itself comes from 'δέω' (deō), meaning 'to bind'.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G4043

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-pa-TEH-sai

Translations: to walk, to live, to conduct oneself, to behave

Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'peripateo'. It literally means 'to walk around' or 'to walk about'. In a broader sense, it is often used metaphorically to mean 'to live', 'to conduct oneself', or 'to behave' in a certain way. It is a compound word formed from 'peri' (around) and 'pateo' (to walk, to tread). It can be used in sentences like 'to walk in truth' or 'to live a holy life'.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΖΑΩ, ΑΝΑΣΤΡΕΦΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'peripateo' is derived from the Greek preposition 'peri' (around, about) and the verb 'pateo' (to walk, to tread). It literally means 'to walk around' or 'to walk about'.

G3588, G3739, G3778, G5101

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: HAYS

Translations: (of) the, (of) who, (of) which, (of) this, (of) that, (of) what

Notes: The word "ΗΣ" is a versatile form in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as the genitive singular for masculine and feminine nouns. It can be the genitive singular of the definite article 'the', indicating possession or relationship. It can also be the genitive singular of the relative pronoun 'who/which', connecting clauses, or the demonstrative pronoun 'this/that', pointing to something specific. Additionally, it can be the genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun 'what/who', used in questions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-lee-THEE-tai

Translations: you were called, you have been called, you are called

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. It indicates that the subject (you, plural) has been called or summoned, often with a divine or significant purpose. It is used to describe an action that was completed in the past but has ongoing relevance or a state that continues into the present.

Inflection: Second Person Plural, Perfect Indicative, Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΛΕΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to shout' or 'to call out'.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G5012

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tah-pee-noh-froh-soo-NES

Translations: of humility, of lowliness of mind, of humbleness

Notes: This word refers to the quality of humility or lowliness of mind. It describes a humble attitude, a lack of self-importance, and a recognition of one's own limitations or dependence on God. It is often used in a positive sense in the New Testament, encouraging believers to adopt a humble disposition towards God and others. It is a compound word formed from 'ταπεινός' (tapeinos), meaning 'lowly' or 'humble', and 'φρήν' (phren), meaning 'mind' or 'spirit'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΟΤΗΣ, ΕΠΙΕΙΚΕΙΑ

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G4240

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: prah-OO-tay-toss

Translations: of gentleness, of humility, of meekness

Notes: This word refers to the quality of gentleness, humility, or meekness. It describes a disposition that is mild, gentle, and considerate, often in the face of provocation or difficulty. It is not weakness, but rather strength under control. In this form, it is the genitive singular, indicating possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΕΙΚΕΙΑ, ΤΑΠΕΙΝΟΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: The word "πραότης" (praotēs) is derived from the adjective "πραΰς" (praÿs) or "πρᾶος" (praos), meaning 'mild', 'gentle', or 'meek'. It describes a disposition of inner calm and strength.

G0430

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: an-EKH-oh-men-oy

Translations: enduring, bearing with, putting up with, tolerating, suffering, holding up, holding out

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb ἀνέχω (anechō). It describes the action of enduring, bearing with, or tolerating something or someone. It implies patience and forbearance, often in the face of difficulty or annoyance. In a sentence, it would describe someone who is currently in the state of enduring or putting up with something.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: HYPOMENO, MAKROTHYMO

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, 'up, again') + ἔχω (échō, 'to have, to hold'). It literally means 'to hold up' or 'to hold oneself up', leading to the sense of enduring or tolerating.

G0026

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-GAH-pay

Translations: love, charity, affection, a love

Notes: This word refers to a specific kind of love, often described as unconditional, benevolent, and self-sacrificing. It is distinct from other Greek words for love like 'eros' (romantic love) or 'philia' (brotherly love). In Koine Greek, especially in the New Testament, it denotes a divine or spiritual love, often commanded or exemplified by God. It can be used in sentences to describe the love between God and humanity, between believers, or even love for one's enemies.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΙΛΙΑ, ΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: The origin of 'agape' is uncertain, but it is thought to be a pre-Greek word or derived from a root meaning 'to be fond of'. In classical Greek, it was not a prominent term for love, but it gained significant theological importance in Koine Greek, particularly in the Septuagint and the New Testament, where it was chosen to describe God's unique and unconditional love.

G4704

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: spoo-DAH-zon-tes

Translations: being diligent, being eager, striving, making haste, being zealous, endeavoring

Notes: This word describes someone who is diligent, eager, or zealous in their actions. It implies putting effort and earnestness into a task or pursuit. It can be used to describe a person who is making haste or striving to achieve something.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΜΕΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΣΠΕΥΔΟΝΤΕΣ, ΦΙΛΟΤΙΜΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: From σπουδή (spoudē), meaning 'haste, earnestness, diligence'.

Part of Speech: Article

Sounds like: TAYN

Translations: the

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΤΗΝ (TĒN), which is the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As an article, it always precedes the noun it modifies and agrees with it in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used with feminine singular nouns in the accusative case.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from a demonstrative pronoun in Proto-Indo-European. It evolved to function as a definite article, specifying nouns.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G4151

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEV-mah

Translations: Spirit, a Spirit, wind, breath, a breath

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΠΝΕΥΜΑ (PNEUMA), meaning 'Spirit', 'wind', or 'breath'. It is often used to refer to the Holy Spirit, but can also denote a human spirit, a demonic spirit, or even a physical wind or breath. It is a neuter noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ

Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to breathe', related to the concept of air in motion. It developed to encompass both physical breath/wind and the non-physical spirit.

G4886

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soon-DES-moh

Translations: (to) a bond, (to) a ligament, (to) a joint, (to) a band, (to) a tie, bond, ligament, joint, band, tie

Notes: This word refers to something that binds or holds things together, such as a bond, a tie, a band, or a ligament. In a physical sense, it can denote a joint or a ligament in the body. Metaphorically, it can refer to a bond of peace or unity. It is a compound word formed from ΣΥΝ (together with) and ΔΕΣΜΟΣ (a bond or chain).

Inflection: Dative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΟΣ, ΣΥΝΟΧΗ, ΖΕΥΓΜΑ

G1515

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ei-REE-nes

Translations: of peace, of quietness, of rest, of prosperity

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'eirene,' meaning peace. It refers to a state of tranquility, quietness, rest, or prosperity. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or a relationship 'of' something. Thus, 'eirenes' would typically be translated as 'of peace' or 'belonging to peace,' indicating a quality or state associated with peace.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΗΕΡΕΜΙΑΣ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΣΙΣ

G4983

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SOH-mah

Translations: body, a body, flesh, a slave

Notes: This word refers to the physical body of a human or animal, or a physical object. It can also metaphorically refer to a group of people or a community, or even to the substance of something. In some contexts, it can refer to a slave or servant, as a 'body' belonging to another.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΑΡΞ, ΧΡΩΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain. It is possibly derived from the verb σῴζω (sōizō), meaning 'to save' or 'to preserve', implying something that is kept or preserved.

G4151

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEH-oo-mah

Translations: Spirit, a Spirit, wind, breath

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation (nomina sacra) for ΠΝΕΥΜΑ (PNEUMA). It refers to spirit, breath, or wind. In a theological context, it often refers to the Holy Spirit. It can also describe a human spirit or a non-physical entity. The context usually clarifies its specific meaning.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe, to blow'. It refers to that which is breathed or blown.

G2531

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: KAH-thohss

Translations: just as, even as, according as, as, exactly as, in proportion as, like, according to, inasmuch as

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, meaning 'as' or 'how'). It functions as an adverb or conjunction, primarily used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done or happens in the same way as something else. It can also express correspondence or proportion, meaning 'inasmuch as' or 'to the extent that'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how').

G1680

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: el-PEE-dee

Translations: to hope, to expectation, to trust, to confidence, to a hope, to an expectation, to a trust, to a confidence

Notes: This word refers to the concept of hope, expectation, or trust. It is used to express a confident anticipation of something, often something good or desired. In the provided examples, it appears in the dative case, indicating the object to which the hope or expectation is directed, often translated with 'to' or 'in'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΙΣ, ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-os

Translations: Lord, a Lord, Master, a Master, Sir, a Sir

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred name abbreviation, for ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It refers to a supreme authority, master, or owner. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their divine authority and sovereignty. It can also be used as a respectful address, similar to 'Sir'.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *keu- meaning 'to swell, to be strong, to be powerful'. It refers to one who has power or authority.

G4102

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PIS-tis

Translations: faith, belief, trust, a faith, a belief, a trust, faithfulness, conviction

Notes: This word refers to faith, belief, or trust, particularly in a religious or moral sense. It signifies a firm conviction or persuasion concerning the truth of something, often implying a corresponding reliance upon it. It can also refer to faithfulness or trustworthiness. It is commonly used in contexts of believing in God or Christ, or demonstrating loyalty and fidelity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ, ΕΛΠΙΣ, ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb πείθω (peithō), meaning 'to persuade, to trust'. It refers to the state of being persuaded or convinced, leading to trust or belief.

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pan-TOH

Translations: altogether, entirely, by all means, in every way

Notes: This word is an adverb derived from the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. As an adverb, 'παντῶ' means 'altogether' or 'entirely', indicating completeness or totality in an action or state. It can also mean 'by all means' or 'in every way', emphasizing a comprehensive manner.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΛΩΣ, ΠΑΝΤΕΛΩΣ

Etymology: The word 'πᾶς' (pas), from which 'παντῶ' is derived, comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'all' or 'every'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G1762

Part of Speech: Adverb, Verb

Sounds like: EH-nee

Translations: there is, there are, it is possible, it is lawful, it is present, it is in

Notes: ΕΝΙ is an enclitic adverbial form of the verb εἰμί (eimi), meaning 'to be'. It typically translates to 'there is' or 'there are', indicating existence or presence. It can also convey the meaning 'it is possible' or 'it is lawful'. In some contexts, it functions as an adverb meaning 'in' or 'within', often implying 'it is in' or 'it is present in'. It is a common word in Koine Greek, used to express existence or possibility.

Inflection: Third person singular, present indicative, active, enclitic form of εἰμί (eimi)

Synonyms: ΕΣΤΙΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙ

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOH-thay

Translations: it was given, he was given, she was given

Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didōmi), meaning 'to give'. It indicates an action that happened in the past, where the subject received the action (was given) rather than performed it. It can be translated as 'it was given', 'he was given', or 'she was given', depending on the context.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΔΟΘΗ, ΕΔΩΚΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated verb, characteristic of ancient Greek.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G5485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-rees

Translations: grace, a grace, favor, a favor, kindness, a kindness, thanks, gratitude, charm, a charm, delight, a delight

Notes: This word is a feminine noun that generally refers to grace, favor, or kindness. It can also mean thanks or gratitude, especially in expressions like 'to give thanks'. In some contexts, it can refer to charm or delight. It is often used to describe divine favor or unmerited divine assistance given to humans.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ, ΕΛΕΟΣ, ΔΩΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- ('to desire, to like'). In ancient Greek, it developed to mean 'that which delights' or 'favor'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3358

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MEH-tron

Translations: measure, a measure, standard, limit, amount

Notes: This word is a noun that refers to a measure, a standard of measurement, or a specific quantity or amount. It can also denote a limit or a due proportion. It is used to describe anything that is measured or serves as a basis for measurement, whether literal or figurative.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΕΓΕΘΟΣ, ΠΟΣΟΝ, ΟΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΡΟΝ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *meh₁- meaning 'to measure'. It is related to other words concerning measurement and proportion.

G1431

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: doh-reh-AS

Translations: gift, a gift, present, a present, bounty, a bounty, donation, a donation

Notes: This word refers to a gift, present, or donation. It signifies something freely given or bestowed, often as an act of generosity or favor. It can be used in contexts where someone receives a benefit or a grant.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΧΑΡΙΣ, ΔΟΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word δωρεά (dōrea) comes from δῶρον (dōron), meaning 'gift'. It is related to the verb δίδωμι (didōmi), 'to give'.

G1352

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: DEE-oh

Translations: therefore, wherefore, for this reason, on account of which

Notes: This is a compound conjunction formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'. It is used to introduce a consequence or conclusion, indicating that what follows is a result of what has just been stated. It functions similarly to 'therefore' or 'for this reason' in English.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'.

G0305

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-BAS

Translations: having gone up, having ascended, having come up

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anabainō', meaning 'to go up' or 'to ascend'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred and functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun. It indicates someone or something that has completed the action of going up, ascending, or coming up. For example, it could describe 'the one who went up' or 'he having ascended'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΛΘΩΝ, ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣ

G5311

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Y-PSOS

Translations: height, a height, high, on high, top, summit, heaven

Notes: This word refers to the state of being high or elevated. It can denote physical height, such as the height of a tree or a building, or a more abstract sense of being 'on high' or in a lofty position, often referring to heaven or a place of divine authority. It is used to describe both literal elevation and metaphorical exaltation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΟΥΡΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word "ΥΨΟΣ" comes from the adjective "ὑψύς" (hypsys), meaning "high" or "lofty." It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *up-, meaning "up, over."

G0163

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eekh-ma-loh-TEV-sen

Translations: he took captive, he led captive, he made captive

Notes: This word describes the action of taking someone as a prisoner of war or leading them away as a captive. It implies a forceful act of subjugation, often in a military context. It can be used to describe the act of conquering and enslaving a population.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΑΙΧΜΑΛΩΤΙΖΩ

Etymology: From αἰχμάλωτος (aichmalōtos, "captive"), which is a compound of αἰχμή (aichmē, "spear") and ἁλίσκομαι (haliskomai, "to be captured"). Thus, it literally means 'to be captured by the spear'.

G1390, G1430

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DOH-ma-ta

Translations: gifts, presents, houses, dwellings, ruins, a gift, a house

Notes: This word is a plural noun that can have two distinct meanings depending on its root. From δόμα (G1390), it means 'gifts' or 'presents', referring to something given. From δῶμα (G1430), it means 'houses' or 'dwellings', referring to structures where people live. In some contexts, particularly in the Septuagint, it can also refer to 'ruins' or 'desolations', often in the sense of abandoned dwellings or places laid waste. Its specific meaning is determined by the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΩΡΑ, ΟΙΚΙΑΙ, ΕΡΗΜΙΑΙ

G0305

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-NEH-bee

Translations: he went up, she went up, it went up, he ascended, she ascended, it ascended, he came up, she came up, it came up, he climbed, she climbed, it climbed

Notes: This word describes the action of going up, ascending, or climbing. It is a past tense form, specifically indicating a completed action in the past. It can be used to describe a person or thing moving upwards, such as ascending a mountain, going up to a city, or rising from a lower place.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: AY

Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be

Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G2597

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-TE-bee

Translations: he went down, he descended

Notes: This word means 'he went down' or 'he descended'. It describes the action of moving from a higher place to a lower one. It is typically used in past tense contexts to indicate that someone or something completed the action of descending.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΒΑΙΝΩ is a compound of the prefix ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΒΑΙΝΩ (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'.

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-ton

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very, a same, the same

Notes: This word functions as both a pronoun and an adjective. As a pronoun, it can mean 'he, she, it' (third person personal pronoun) or be used intensively to mean 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. When used as an adjective, it means 'the same' or 'the very'. Its meaning depends on its position and context within a sentence. For example, when used attributively with an article (e.g., ὁ αὐτὸς), it means 'the same'. When used predicatively or without an article, it often has an intensive meaning ('he himself').

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Singular or Plural; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to- (self, same).

G5231

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: hoo-per-AH-noh

Translations: above, over, beyond, higher than

Notes: This is a compound adverb meaning 'above' or 'over'. It is used to indicate a position or state of being physically higher than something else, or to denote superiority, transcendence, or a level beyond a certain point. It can be used in contexts referring to physical location, authority, or degree.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΑΝΩ, ΑΝΩ

Etymology: A compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΕΡ (hyper), meaning 'over, above, beyond', and the adverb ΑΝΩ (anō), meaning 'up, upward, above'.

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G4138

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: play-ROH-see

Translations: fulfillment, a fulfillment, completion, a completion, full measure, a full measure, filling, a filling

Notes: This word refers to the act of filling something up, bringing something to completion, or the state of being full or complete. It can describe the accomplishment of a prophecy, the completion of a period of time, or the full measure of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΙΩΣΙΣ, ΕΚΠΛΗΡΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΛΗΡΩΣΗ (plērōsis) is derived from the verb ΠΛΗΡΟΩ (plēroō), meaning 'to fill, fulfill, complete'. It comes from the adjective ΠΛΗΡΗΣ (plērēs), meaning 'full'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2677

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tar-TIS-mon

Translations: equipping, a equipping, perfecting, a perfecting, restoration, a restoration

Notes: This word refers to the act of equipping, perfecting, or restoring something to its proper condition. It implies a process of making something complete, fit, or fully prepared for a specific purpose or function. It can be used to describe the training or preparation of individuals, or the mending or setting right of something that is broken or incomplete.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΡΤΙΣΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΡΤΙΣΜΟΣ

G0040

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: hah-GHEE-ohn

Translations: of holy ones, of saints, of holy things

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'hagios', meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. When used substantively, it refers to 'holy ones' or 'saints'. It describes something belonging to or associated with those who are set apart for God or dedicated to a sacred purpose. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin, such as 'the words of the holy ones' or 'the temple of holy things'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΩΝ, ΟΣΙΩΝ, ΚΑΘΑΡΩΝ

G2041

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ER-gon

Translations: work, deed, act, task, labor, a work, a deed

Notes: This word refers to a work, deed, or action. It can encompass a wide range of activities, from physical labor and tasks to moral actions, accomplishments, or even the effects or results of an action. It is often used to describe something that is done or produced.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΙΣ, ΔΟΥΛΕΙΑ, ΚΑΤΕΡΓΟΝ

Etymology: From a primary (supposed) verb ERGO (to work); compare English 'erg' and 'energy'.

G3619

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oy-ko-do-MEN

Translations: building, a building, edification, a structure, construction

Notes: This word refers to the act of building or constructing something, or to the resulting structure itself. In a metaphorical sense, it can also mean 'edification' or 'spiritual building up,' referring to the process of strengthening or improving someone's character or faith. It is often used in contexts related to the growth and development of the church or individual believers.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΗ, ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΙΑ

G3360

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during

Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ

Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

Part of Speech: Adjective, Article

Sounds like: TES

Translations: all, every, whole, any, each, the

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the Koine Greek word 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. Without diacritics, 'ΤΕΣ' most commonly represents the feminine plural nominative, accusative, or vocative form of 'πᾶς', which would be 'πᾶσαι' (pasai) or 'πάσας' (pasas) or 'πᾶσες' (pases) in modern Greek. It can also function as a part of the definite article, 'ταῖς' (tais), meaning 'the' (feminine plural dative), or 'τῆς' (tes), meaning 'of the' (feminine singular genitive). In context, it typically refers to a group of feminine nouns, indicating that 'all' or 'every' member of that group is included. For example, 'all women' or 'every city'.

Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative (from πᾶς); or Feminine, Plural, Dative (from ὁ); or Feminine, Singular, Genitive (from ὁ)

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ

G1922

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-GNO-seh-ohs

Translations: of knowledge, of full knowledge, of recognition, of understanding

Notes: This word refers to a deep, precise, and accurate knowledge, often implying a full and complete understanding or recognition of something. It is more profound than simple 'gnosis' (knowledge) and suggests a personal, experiential, or intimate acquaintance with the truth. It is used to describe a spiritual understanding or a thorough comprehension of facts.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΝΩΣΕΩΣ, ΣΥΝΕΣΕΩΣ

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: theh-OO

Translations: of God, of a God

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for the word ΘΕΟΥ (Theou), meaning 'of God'. It is used to refer to the divine being, God, in the genitive case. In ancient Greek texts, nomina sacra were common contractions for frequently used sacred names and titles, indicating reverence and saving space. This form would typically be used in phrases like 'the house of God' or 'the power of God'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do, to place, to set', or possibly 'to shine'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for a deity or god.

G5046

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: TEH-li-on

Translations: perfect, complete, mature, adult

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling of 'ΤΕΛΕΙΟΝ' (teleion), which is an adjective meaning 'perfect,' 'complete,' or 'mature.' It describes something that has reached its intended end or full development. It can refer to a person who is fully grown or spiritually mature, or to a thing that is finished or without defect. It is often used in contrast to something incomplete or immature.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΑΡΤΙΟΣ

G4138

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: play-ROH-mah-tos

Translations: of fullness, of completion, of what fills, of what is filled, of a full measure, of a complement

Notes: This word refers to the state of being full or complete, or the content that fills something. It can also denote a full measure or a complement, meaning that which completes or makes perfect. In a theological context, it often refers to the 'fullness' of God or Christ. It is used to describe the entirety or the sum total of something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΩΣΙΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΜΑ

G2830

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kloo-doh-nee-ZOH-meh-noy

Translations: tossed, being tossed, tossed by waves, being tossed by waves

Notes: This word describes being agitated or tossed about, like a ship on waves. It is often used metaphorically to describe someone who is unstable, wavering, or easily swayed by different teachings or influences, much like a boat is tossed by the wind and waves. It implies a lack of steadfastness or firm foundation.

Inflection: Present Participle, Middle/Passive Voice, Nominative Case, Masculine Plural

Synonyms: ΣΑΛΕΥΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΤΑΡΑΣΣΟΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΚΛΥΔΩΝΙΖΩ is derived from the noun ΚΛΥΔΩΝ (KLYDŌN), meaning 'a billow, a surge, a wave'. It refers to the action of being agitated by waves or a storm.

G4064

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: peh-ree-FEH-roh-meh-noy

Translations: being carried about, being driven about, being tossed about, being led astray

Notes: This word describes the state of being carried or driven around, often implying a lack of stability or direction. It can refer to physical movement, like being tossed by waves, or metaphorically to being swayed by different teachings or influences, suggesting a state of being unsettled or led astray.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΛΥΔΩΝΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΑΠΟΠΛΑΝΑΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G2940

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: koo-BEE-ah

Translations: trickery, deceit, craftiness, cunning, a trick, a deceit

Notes: This word refers to trickery, deceit, or cunning, often implying the use of dishonest or manipulative methods. It can describe the practice of deception or a specific act of trickery. It is derived from the word for dice-playing, which was associated with cheating and dishonesty in ancient times.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΟΥΡΓΙΑ, ΔΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΤΗ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΒΕΙΑ (kybeia) comes from the Greek word κύβος (kybos), meaning 'cube' or 'die' (as in dice). It originally referred to the game of dice, which was often associated with cheating and dishonest practices, hence its later meaning of trickery or deceit.

G3834

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-noor-GHEE-ah

Translations: craftiness, cunning, trickery, shrewdness, cleverness, a craftiness, a cunning, a trickery, a shrewdness, a cleverness

Notes: This word refers to a cleverness or skill in doing things, often implying a readiness to use any means, whether good or bad, to achieve a purpose. It can denote shrewdness or astuteness, but more frequently carries a negative connotation of deceit, trickery, or unscrupulous cunning. It describes a quality of being 'all-working' or 'capable of anything', which can manifest as either resourcefulness or mischievousness.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΤΗ, ΣΟΦΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΝΟΥΡΓΙΑ is derived from the Greek words πᾶν (pan), meaning 'all', and ἔργον (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. It literally means 'all-working' or 'capable of all deeds', referring to a person who is ready to do anything.

G4106

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLA-nays

Translations: of error, of deceit, of wandering, of delusion, of straying

Notes: This word refers to a wandering, a straying, or a deviation from the right path, whether literally or figuratively. It often implies a mental or moral error, deceit, or delusion. It can describe the state of being led astray or the act of leading others astray.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΗ, ΠΛΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word πλάνη (planē) comes from the verb πλανάω (planaō), meaning 'to wander' or 'to lead astray'. It is related to the concept of movement without a fixed direction.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G2776

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: keh-fah-LEE

Translations: head, a head, chief, ruler, source, summit

Notes: This word primarily refers to the physical head of a body. Metaphorically, it can signify a person in authority or a leader, the origin or source of something, or the culmination or summit of a thing. It is used in various contexts to denote both literal and figurative meanings.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗΓΟΣ, ΚΟΡΥΦΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'head'. It is related to words for 'head' in other Indo-European languages.

G5547

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: khree-STOS

Translations: Christ, the Anointed One, the Messiah

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ (CHRISTOS). It refers to Christ, the Anointed One, or the Messiah. It is primarily used as a title for Jesus, indicating his role as the divinely appointed deliverer.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb χρίω (chrio), meaning 'to anoint'. It refers to someone who has been consecrated or set apart by anointing, a practice common in ancient Israel for kings, priests, and prophets.

G1537, G1803

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: eks

Translations: out of, from, by, of, six

Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ

Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: PAN

Translations: all, every, whole, everything, a whole

Notes: This word is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. For example, it can mean 'all things' or 'everything' when used substantively, or 'the whole' when modifying a singular noun. It can also be used to mean 'every' when referring to individual items within a group.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- meaning 'to protect, feed'. Its meaning evolved to 'all' or 'whole' in Greek.

G4887

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soo-nar-mo-lo-goo-MEH-noh

Translations: being fitted together, being joined together, being built together

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, indicating an ongoing action of being fitted or joined together. It is a compound word derived from 'σύν' (together with), 'ἁρμός' (a joint, fitting), and 'λέγω' (to gather, arrange). It describes something that is in the process of being assembled or integrated with other parts, often used in a metaphorical sense for people or structures being united.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G4822

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-bee-bah-ZOH-meh-non

Translations: being joined together, being fitted together, being knit together, being united, being compacted

Notes: This word is a compound participle, meaning 'being joined together' or 'being fitted together'. It describes something that is being brought into a close relationship or connection, often implying a harmonious or organized arrangement. It is used to describe parts that are being assembled or integrated into a whole, such as the parts of a body or a building.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΡΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΣΥΝΔΕΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΒΙΒΑΖΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΒΙΒΑΖΩ (bibazo), meaning 'to cause to go' or 'to make to mount'. The combination suggests bringing things together or causing them to fit.

G2024

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-khor-ay-GHEE-as

Translations: of supply, of provision, of furnishing, of full provision, of abundant supply

Notes: This word refers to the act of providing a full or abundant supply, often with the connotation of generous or lavish provision. It implies a complete furnishing of what is needed, going beyond mere sufficiency to an ample or overflowing measure. It is used to describe the means or resources by which something is fully supported or equipped.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΟΡΗΓΙΑ, ΠΑΡΟΧΗ, ΠΛΟΥΤΟΣ

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G3354, G3358

Part of Speech: Verb, Noun

Sounds like: MEH-troh

Translations: to measure, to mete out, to apportion, (to) measure, (by) measure, (in) measure, a measure

Notes: This word can function as a verb meaning 'to measure' or 'to mete out', indicating the act of determining size, quantity, or distributing something according to a standard. As a noun, it refers to a 'measure' or 'standard', often used to denote a specific quantity or limit. In the provided context, 'ἐν μέτρῳ' (en metrō) means 'in/by measure', indicating a limited or specific quantity.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present, Active, Indicative (Verb); Singular, Dative, Neuter (Noun)

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΡΕΩ, ΜΕΤΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- 'to measure'. It is related to Latin metior and English 'meter'.

G1538

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-KAS-too

Translations: of each, of every, of everyone, of each one

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective/pronoun 'each' or 'every'. It is used to refer to individual members of a group, emphasizing their distinctness. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'of each man') or as a pronoun standing alone (e.g., 'of each one').

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word ΕΚΑΣΤΟΣ (hekastos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *sek- meaning 'to cut' or 'to separate', implying 'each one separately'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: LEH-goh

Translations: say, speak, tell, call, mean

Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to introduce direct or indirect speech, to give commands, or to express an opinion. It can also mean 'to call' or 'to name' someone or something, or 'to mean' something.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *leg- meaning 'to collect, gather'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to pick out words', hence 'to speak' or 'to say'.

G3143

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mar-TOO-roh-my

Translations: to bear witness, to testify, to call to witness, to solemnly affirm

Notes: This word is a deponent verb, meaning it appears in the middle voice but has an active meaning. It signifies the act of bearing witness, testifying, or solemnly affirming something. It can also mean to call someone to witness, often used in a legal or formal context to invoke a third party as a witness to an event or statement.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Deponent, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΜΑΡΤΥΡΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΡΤΥΡΟΜΑΙ is derived from the noun ΜΑΡΤΥΣ (martys), meaning 'witness'. It describes the action of being or acting as a witness.

G4043

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-pah-TEIN

Translations: to walk, to go, to live, to conduct oneself, to behave

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'περιπατέω'. It literally means 'to walk around' or 'to go about'. Figuratively, it is often used to describe one's way of life, conduct, or behavior, meaning 'to live' or 'to conduct oneself'. It can be used in contexts referring to physical movement or to one's moral and spiritual journey.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΟΡΕΥΕΣΘΑΙ, ΖΗΝ, ΑΝΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΙΝ

Etymology: The word 'περιπατέω' is a compound word formed from 'περί' (peri), meaning 'around', and 'πατέω' (pateō), meaning 'to walk' or 'to tread'.

G3062

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: LOY-pah

Translations: remaining, the rest, the others, what is left, the things that remain

Notes: This word refers to what is left over, remaining, or the rest of something. It can be used as an adjective to describe things that are remaining, or substantively as a noun to refer to the remaining people or things. It is often used in the plural to mean 'the rest' or 'the others'.

Inflection: Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Plural; or Nominative or Vocative, Feminine, Singular

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΣ

G4043

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-PAH-teh-ee

Translations: he walks, he is walking, walk, you walk, you are walking

Notes: This word means to walk, to go about, or to conduct oneself. It can refer to physical movement, but often in a figurative sense, it describes one's way of life or behavior. For example, it can be used to say 'he walks in righteousness' meaning 'he lives righteously'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular OR Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΒΑΔΙΖΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ is a compound word formed from περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and πατέω (pateō), meaning 'to tread' or 'to walk'. Thus, it literally means 'to walk around'.

G3563

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NOH-os

Translations: mind, a mind, understanding, a faculty of understanding, intellect, a way of thinking, thought, a thought, reason, a reason

Notes: Νοῦς (noos) refers to the mind, intellect, or understanding. It encompasses the faculty of perception and comprehension, as well as the thoughts, intentions, and moral disposition of a person. It can be used to describe the rational part of the soul, the seat of thought and feeling, or a particular way of thinking or mindset.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΝΟΥΣ, ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ, ΦΡΟΝΗΜΑ

Etymology: From an uncontracted form of νοῦς (nous), which is probably from the Proto-Indo-European root *sneh₁- meaning 'to notice, to think'.

G4656

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: es-ko-TOH-meh-noi

Translations: darkened, having been darkened, blinded, those who have been darkened

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, plural, masculine or neuter, nominative or vocative. It describes a state of being darkened or blinded, often in a spiritual or intellectual sense, indicating a loss of understanding or spiritual perception. It refers to individuals or groups who have entered into and remain in a state of darkness.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΥΦΛΟΙ, ΑΜΑΥΡΟΙ

G1271

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-AH-noy-ah

Translations: mind, understanding, a mind, an understanding, thought, purpose, intention, intellect

Notes: This word refers to the faculty of thinking, understanding, and reasoning. It encompasses the intellect, thoughts, intentions, and purposes of a person. It can describe the inner disposition or the way one thinks about something. It is a compound word formed from διά (dia, "through") and νοῦς (nous, "mind").

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΝΟΥΣ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ (dianoia) is a compound of διά (dia), meaning "through" or "across," and νοῦς (nous), meaning "mind" or "intellect." It literally means "a thinking through" or "a thorough understanding."

G0526

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-payl-loh-tree-OH-meh-noy

Translations: alienated, estranged, cut off, separated

Notes: This word describes a state of being separated or estranged from something or someone. It implies a previous connection that has been broken, resulting in a state of being an outsider or a stranger. It is often used in a spiritual or relational context to describe being cut off from God or a community.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΤΡΙΟΣ, ΞΕΝΟΣ, ΧΩΡΙΣ

Etymology: Derived from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and ἀλλοτριόω (allotrioo), meaning 'to alienate' or 'to make another's'. The latter comes from ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other'. Thus, it signifies being made 'away from another' or 'alienated'.

G4456

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: po-ROH-see

Translations: hardening, a hardening, callousness, blindness

Notes: This word refers to a state of being hardened or calloused, often in a metaphorical sense, indicating a dullness of perception or understanding, particularly in spiritual matters. It describes a condition where one's mind or heart becomes insensitive or unresponsive.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΚΛΗΡΟΚΑΡΔΙΑ, ΤΥΦΛΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb πωρόω (poroo), meaning 'to harden' or 'to make callous'. It originally referred to the formation of a callus or stone, then extended metaphorically to mental or spiritual insensitivity.

G2588

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-DEE-as

Translations: of heart, of a heart, of mind, of soul, of inner self, of conscience, of courage, of will

Notes: This word refers to the physical heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used to denote the inner person, the seat of spiritual and moral life. For example, it can refer to the core of one's beliefs or the source of one's intentions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G524

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-ayl-GAY-koh-tes

Translations: having become callous, having lost all feeling, having despaired, having given up hope

Notes: This word describes a state of having become insensitive or callous, often in a moral or spiritual sense. It implies a loss of feeling, compassion, or the ability to be affected by shame or pain. It can also refer to a state of despair or having given up hope, particularly in the context of moral or spiritual decline.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

G3860

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EH-doh-kahn

Translations: they delivered, they handed over, they betrayed, they committed, they entrusted

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to hand over', 'to deliver', 'to entrust', or 'to betray'. It describes the action of giving something or someone into the power or care of another. It can be used in various contexts, such as delivering a message, handing over a prisoner, or betraying someone to an enemy.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G0766

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-sel-GHEH-yah

Translations: licentiousness, sensuality, debauchery, wantonness, unbridled lust, a licentiousness, a sensuality

Notes: This word describes unbridled lust, sensuality, or debauchery. It refers to a shameless and unrestrained indulgence in vice, often with a public and defiant disregard for decency and moral standards. It implies a lack of self-control and a willingness to commit immoral acts openly.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΛΑΣΙΑ, ΑΣΩΤΙΑ

Etymology: The etymology is uncertain, but it is often thought to be derived from 'a' (negative particle) and 'selge' (possibly referring to the city of Selge in Pisidia, known for its wild and lawless inhabitants, or from 'selges' meaning 'rude, boisterous').

G2039

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: er-ga-SEE-an

Translations: work, a work, labor, a labor, business, a business, trade, a trade, profit, a profit, gain, a gain, (to) work, (to) labor, (to) business, (to) trade, (to) profit, (to) gain

Notes: ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ, meaning 'work,' 'labor,' 'business,' 'trade,' 'profit,' or 'gain.' It refers to an activity involving effort, whether physical or mental, often with a specific purpose or outcome. It can also denote the result of such effort or the profit derived from it.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΟΝΟΣ, ΠΡΑΞΙΣ

G4124

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pleh-oh-nex-EE-ah

Translations: greed, covetousness, avarice, a desire for more, a grasping spirit

Notes: This word refers to an insatiable desire for more, especially for material possessions or power, often at the expense of others. It describes a grasping, selfish spirit that is never content with what it has. It can be used in sentences to describe a person's character or a specific act driven by such a desire.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΙΛΑΡΓΥΡΙΑ, ΑΡΠΑΓΗ

Etymology: The word ΠΛΕΟΝΕΞΙΑ (pleonexia) is a compound word derived from ΠΛΕΟΝ (pleon), meaning 'more', and ΕΧΩ (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Thus, it literally means 'having more' or 'desiring to have more'.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OOKH

Translations: no, not, never, by no means

Notes: This word is a negative adverb used to express absolute negation. It is typically used before a vowel with a rough breathing mark (like 'ουχί' or 'οὐχ') or before a consonant with a smooth breathing mark (like 'οὐκ'). It denies a statement or fact, indicating that something is not true or does not exist. It can be used to negate verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΚ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂u- meaning 'not'. It is an ancient Greek negative particle.

G225

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-LAY-thee-ah

Translations: truth, a truth

Notes: This word refers to truth, reality, or sincerity. It is often used to describe something that is factual, genuine, or in accordance with reality. It can also refer to the concept of truth as a moral or spiritual quality. For example, it might be used in a sentence to say 'the truth is in us' or 'we are of the truth'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΣ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ' comes from the Greek prefix 'α-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'un-', and 'λήθη' (lethe), meaning 'forgetfulness' or 'concealment'. Thus, it literally means 'un-forgetfulness' or 'un-concealment', implying that which is revealed or not hidden.

Part of Speech: Numeral, Abbreviation

Sounds like: KHEE-oo

Translations: 600, 400, 614, 610, 616, 618, 620, 624, 628, 630, 634, 638, 640, 644, 648, 650, 654, 658, 660, 664, 668, 670, 674, 678, 680, 684, 688, 690, 694, 698, 700, 704, 708, 710, 714, 718, 720, 724, 728, 730, 734, 738, 740, 744, 748, 750, 754, 758, 760, 764, 768, 770, 774, 778, 780, 784, 788, 790, 794, 798, 800, 804, 808, 810, 814, 818, 820, 824, 828, 830, 834, 838, 840, 844, 848, 850, 854, 858, 860, 864, 868, 870, 874, 878, 880, 884, 888, 890, 894, 898, 900, 904, 908, 910, 914, 918, 920, 924, 928, 930, 934, 938, 940, 944, 948, 950, 954, 958, 960, 964, 968, 970, 974, 978, 980, 984, 988, 990, 994, 998, 1000

Notes: This combination of letters, ΧΥ, is not a standalone word in Koine Greek. It is most likely an abbreviation or a numeral. In the Greek numeral system, Χ represents 600 and Υ represents 400. When these letters appear together, especially with a keraia (a small mark resembling an apostrophe) after them, they can represent a number. For example, ΧΥ' would represent 600 + 400 = 1000. Without the keraia, it could be an abbreviation for a word starting with Χ and ending with Υ, or a combination of two separate abbreviations. Given the context of ancient texts, it is most commonly interpreted as a numerical value or part of a larger word.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: This is not a word with a traditional etymology, but rather a combination of two Greek letters used as numerals or abbreviations. Χ (Chi) is the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet, and Υ (Upsilon) is the 20th letter.

G659

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-poh-THES-thai

Translations: to lay aside, to put away, to cast off, to renounce, to rid oneself of

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo, meaning 'from' or 'away from') and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi, meaning 'to put' or 'to place'). It generally means to lay something aside, to put it away, or to cast it off. It can be used literally for removing clothing or burdens, or figuratively for renouncing sins, old habits, or negative attitudes. It implies a deliberate act of separation or removal.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΙΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΚΔΥΩ

G659

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-o-THEH-sthai

Translations: to lay aside, to put away, to take off, to renounce, to give up, to put off

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb ΑΠΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ (apotithēmi). It means 'to lay aside,' 'to put away,' or 'to take off,' often in the sense of removing something from oneself, whether literally (like clothing) or figuratively (like sins, burdens, or former ways of life). It can also mean 'to renounce' or 'to give up' something. In the provided examples, it is used in contexts of 'laying aside' or 'putting away' a person into custody, or 'being ready to give up' the high priesthood.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΙΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΚΔΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΑΠΟ (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from,' and the verb ΤΙΘΗΜΙ (tithēmi), meaning 'to put' or 'to place.' Thus, it literally means 'to put away from.'

G0394

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: an-as-tro-FANE

Translations: conduct, behavior, manner of life, way of life, citizenship, a conduct, a behavior

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΑΝΑΣΤΡΟΦΗΝ (ANASTROPHEN), where the final nu (N) is indicated by the overline. It refers to one's manner of life, conduct, or behavior, often with an ethical or moral connotation. It can also refer to one's citizenship or way of living within a community. It is used to describe how a person lives their life or interacts with others.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΤΕΙΑ, ΒΙΟΣ, ΠΡΑΞΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἀναστροφή (anastrophē) is derived from the verb ἀναστρέφω (anastrephō), meaning 'to turn back, return, or conduct oneself'. It combines ἀνά (ana, 'up, back') and στρέφω (strephō, 'to turn').

G3820

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pa-LAI-on

Translations: old, ancient, former, an old thing, the old

Notes: This word describes something that is old, ancient, or belongs to a former time. It can refer to age, as in an old person or an old custom, or to something that existed previously, like a former covenant or an old way of life. It is often used to contrast with something new or recent.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word πάλαι (palai), meaning 'long ago' or 'formerly'.

G5351

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: fthi-RO-me-non

Translations: perishing, decaying, being corrupted, being destroyed, being ruined, being wasted, being spoiled

Notes: This word is a present passive participle of the verb 'phthéirō'. It describes something that is in the process of perishing, decaying, or being corrupted. It indicates a state of ongoing destruction or ruin, often referring to moral or physical decay. It can be used to describe things that are being wasted or spoiled.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΕΝΟΝ, ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΚΑΤΑΦΘΕΙΡΟΜΕΝΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'phthéirō' (from which 'phthiromenon' is derived) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to destroy' or 'to corrupt'. It is related to words signifying decay and ruin.

G0539

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-PAH-tays

Translations: of deceit, of deception, of fraud, of delusion

Notes: This word refers to the act or state of deceiving or being deceived. It encompasses concepts of fraud, trickery, and delusion, often implying a misleading or false appearance. It is used to describe situations where truth is obscured or distorted.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΗ, ΔΟΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΑΤΗ (apate) comes from the verb ἀπατάω (apatao), meaning 'to deceive' or 'to cheat'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is related to the idea of misleading or causing error.

G0365

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-neh-OOS-thai

Translations: to be renewed, to be made new again, to be restored

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ανα' (ana), meaning 'again' or 'up,' and 'νεοω' (neoo), meaning 'to make new.' It signifies the process of being renewed, restored, or made new again, often in a spiritual or moral sense. It describes a transformation or a return to a fresh state.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΑΙΝΙΖΩ, ΑΝΑΚΑΙΝΟΩ

Etymology: Derived from the prefix 'ανα' (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again,' and 'νεοω' (neoo), meaning 'to make new,' which comes from 'νεος' (neos), meaning 'new.'

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: PNEE

Translations: unknown

Notes: This word fragment "ΠΝΙ" is not a complete word in Koine Greek. It appears to be a truncation or a misspelling. Based on the provided examples, it likely relates to verbs derived from the root "πνέω" (to breathe, blow) or "πνίγω" (to choke, drown). For instance, "ἀποπνίγω" means to choke or drown, and "πνεῦμα" means spirit or breath. Without further context or a complete word, its exact meaning and function are unclear. It could also potentially be an abbreviation or a part of a compound word.

Inflection: Unknown

G1746

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-dy-SAH-stheh

Translations: you put on, you clothed yourselves, you were clothed, you were arrayed

Notes: This verb means to put on clothing, to be clothed, or to array oneself. It is often used metaphorically to describe taking on a new character, quality, or identity, such as 'putting on Christ' or 'putting on righteousness'. In this form, it describes an action completed in the past by a group of people for themselves.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative Mood, 2nd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΜΦΙΕΝΝΥΜΙ, ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ἐνδύω (endyō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'on', and the verb δύω (dyō), meaning 'to enter', 'to sink', or 'to put on'. Thus, it literally means 'to put on' or 'to enter into' something.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AN-thro-pon

Translations: man, a man, human, a human, person, a person

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ἌΝΘΡΩΠΟΝ (anthropon), which means 'man', 'human', or 'person'. It refers to a human being in general, male or female, and can also refer to mankind collectively. In this form, it is used as the direct object of a verb or after certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos), possibly from ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”) and ὤψ (ṓps, “face, eye”).

G2936

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ktis-THEN-tah

Translations: created, having been created, founded, established

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to create' or 'to found'. It describes something that has been brought into existence or established. It is used to refer to things or beings that have been created by an agent, often God, and functions like an adjective, modifying a noun to indicate that it is the one that was created.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΗΘΕΝΤΑ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΑ

G3742

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oh-see-OH-tee-tee

Translations: (to) holiness, (to) piety, (to) sanctity, (in) holiness, (in) piety, (in) sanctity

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being holy, pious, or righteous, especially in a religious or moral sense. It describes a state of devoutness and purity in one's character and actions, often in relation to God or divine law. It can be used to describe the moral uprightness or sanctity of a person or a way of life.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΕΙΑ, ΑΓΙΟΣΥΝΗ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ

G1343

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-kah-yoh-SOO-nay

Translations: righteousness, justice, a righteousness, a justice

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being morally right or just. It encompasses concepts of uprightness, integrity, and conformity to divine or moral law. It is often used in a theological context to describe God's character or the state of being right with God.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ, ΑΡΕΤΗ, ΟΣΙΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'just' or 'righteous', combined with the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which forms abstract nouns.

G2980

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-LEH-ee-teh

Translations: speak, talk, say

Notes: This word means to speak, talk, or say. It often refers to the act of uttering sounds or words, and can sometimes imply informal or casual speech. It is also used in contexts of divine utterance or speaking in tongues. As an imperative, it functions as a command or instruction to speak.

Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ, ΕΙΠΕ

Etymology: The word is of imitative origin, likely derived from the sound of babbling or chattering. It is related to the English word 'lall' (to babble).

G2980

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-LEE-teh

Translations: speak, say, tell, talk, preach

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb ΛΑΛΕΩ (laleō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'. The form ΛΑΛΙΤΕ is a common variant or misspelling found in ancient manuscripts for ΛΑΛΕΙΤΕ. It is used to describe the act of uttering words, communicating, or proclaiming. It can refer to general conversation, formal speech, or even divine communication.

Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person Plural (you all speak!) or Present, Active, Indicative, Second Person Plural (you all speak).

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ

G225

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-lay-THEY-ahn

Translations: truth, a truth

Notes: This word refers to truth, reality, or sincerity. It is often used to denote what is factual, genuine, or consistent with reality, as opposed to falsehood or deception. In a sentence, it would function as a direct object when in the accusative case, indicating the 'truth' as the thing being acted upon.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ' is derived from the Greek prefix 'α-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'un-', and 'λήθη' (lethe), meaning 'forgetfulness' or 'concealment'. Thus, 'ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ' literally means 'un-forgetfulness' or 'un-concealment', implying that which is revealed or brought out of oblivion.

G4139

Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-see-on

Translations: near, nearby, neighbor, a neighbor, one's neighbor

Notes: This word primarily functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'nearby', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used substantively as a noun, typically in the neuter singular, to refer to 'one's neighbor' or 'the person next to you'. When used as a noun, it often refers to a fellow human being, emphasizing a relationship of proximity or community.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); Neuter, Singular (when used substantively as a noun)

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

G3710

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: or-GHI-zes-theh

Translations: be angry, become angry, get angry

Notes: This word describes the act of becoming angry or being in a state of anger. It is often used in a command or exhortation, indicating that one should or should not allow anger to take hold or persist. It is a deponent verb, meaning it has a passive form but an active meaning.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Imperative, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΩ, ΠΑΡΟΡΓΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ὀργίζομαι (orgizomai) is derived from ὀργή (orgē), meaning 'anger' or 'wrath'. It describes the process of becoming filled with this emotion.

G0264

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-mar-TAH-neh-teh

Translations: you sin, you are sinning, sin, do wrong, err, miss the mark

Notes: This word means to sin, to err, or to miss the mark. It describes an action of falling short of a standard or goal, often with moral implications. It can be used in a command (imperative) or to state a fact (indicative), indicating that a group of people are sinning or are being commanded to sin (or not to sin, as often seen in context).

Inflection: 2nd Person Plural, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative or Imperative Mood

Synonyms: ΑΔΙΚΕΩ, ΠΛΑΝΑΩ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ

G3366

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: MEE-deh

Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not

Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ

Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.

G2813

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: KLEP-ton

Translations: stealing, a thief, of thieves, of those who steal

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the present active participle of the verb 'κλέπτω' (kleptō), meaning 'to steal'. It can function as a participle, describing an action, or as a noun, referring to the people performing the action. In the genitive plural, it typically means 'of thieves' or 'of those who are stealing'. It describes individuals who engage in the act of theft.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΗΣΤΗΣ, ΑΡΠΑΞ

G3123

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

G2038

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: er-ga-ZOH-meh-nos

Translations: working, doing, performing, laboring, a worker, one who works

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'εργαζομαι' (ergazomai), meaning 'to work' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who is in the process of working or doing something. It can also be substantival, meaning 'one who works' or 'a worker'. Its meaning can vary slightly depending on the context, but it generally refers to engaging in an activity or labor.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΔΡΑΩ

G2398

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EE-dee-ais

Translations: (to) one's own, (to) private, (to) peculiar, (to) personal, (to) separate

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'one's own,' 'private,' or 'peculiar.' It is used to emphasize possession or a unique characteristic belonging to a specific person or group. In this form, it is dative plural, indicating 'to/for their own' or 'by their own' (e.g., 'by their own hands,' 'to their own affairs'). It can refer to things that are distinct, separate, or belonging exclusively to someone.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΥ, ΕΑΥΤΟΥ

Etymology: The word 'ἴδιος' (idios) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'one's own.' It is related to the concept of individuality and distinctiveness.

G0018

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ah-gah-THON

Translations: good, a good thing, what is good, beneficial, virtuous

Notes: This word describes something as good, beneficial, or virtuous. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its positive quality. It can also be used substantively as a neuter noun, meaning 'a good thing' or 'what is good', referring to a moral or material benefit.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word originates from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'good' or 'able'. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EKH-tay

Translations: have, hold, possess, be able, be in a certain condition, be, keep

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It can also convey the sense of 'to possess', 'to be able', or 'to be in a certain state or condition'. It is used to describe possession, capability, or a state of being.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Subjunctive Mood, 2nd or 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΙΜΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- 'to hold, to overcome'.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-khee

Translations: may have, might have, let him have, let her have, let it have

Notes: This is a form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Specifically, 'ἔχῃ' is the third person singular present active subjunctive form. It is used to express a potential action, a wish, or a command in a subordinate clause, often translated with 'may' or 'might'. For example, 'that he may have' or 'let him have'.

Inflection: Singular, 3rd Person, Present, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The Koine Greek verb ἔχω (echō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have, to overcome'. It is a very common and fundamental verb in Greek.

G3330

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tah-dee-DOH-nai

Translations: to share, to impart, to give a share of, to give over

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΜΕΤΑ (meta), meaning 'with' or 'among', and the verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ (didomi), meaning 'to give'. Together, it means to give a share of something, to impart, or to share with others. It implies a distribution or sharing of resources, knowledge, or other things.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΕΩ, ΜΕΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΔΙΔΩΜΙ is a compound of the preposition ΜΕΤΑ, meaning 'with' or 'among', and the verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, meaning 'to give'. ΔΙΔΩΜΙ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to give'.

G5532

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHREE-an

Translations: need, a need, necessity, use, service

Notes: This word is a noun meaning 'need,' 'necessity,' 'use,' or 'service.' It often appears in phrases like 'to have need of' something, indicating a requirement or a lack that needs to be filled. It can refer to a personal need, a practical use, or a necessary service.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΗ, ΧΡΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΕΙΑ (chreia) comes from the Greek verb χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use, to need.' It is related to the concept of utility and what is necessary or useful.

G2192

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EH-khon-tee

Translations: having, holding, possessing, being, to have, to hold, to possess, to be

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echo), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. In this dative singular form, it describes someone or something 'having' or 'holding' something, or simply 'being' in a certain state. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun or pronoun in the dative case, indicating the recipient or indirect object of an action, or the means by which something is done. It can also be used substantively, meaning 'to the one having' or 'to the one who has'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Dative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΙ

Etymology: The root verb 'ἔχω' (echo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, indicating possession, state, or capability.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAS

Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goss

Translations: word, a word, reason, a reason, account, an account, speech, a speech, message, a message, report, a report, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, saying, a saying, discourse, a discourse

Notes: The word 'logos' is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a wide range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, or a command. Beyond simple communication, it also encompasses concepts like reason, logic, an account, a narrative, or even a divine utterance or principle. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. It refers to something said or thought, and its meaning evolved to encompass both speech and the underlying reason or thought.

G4550

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: SAH-pross

Translations: rotten, corrupt, worthless, bad, useless, unsound

Notes: This word describes something that is rotten, decayed, or corrupt. It can refer to physical decay, like rotten fruit, or to moral corruption, like bad speech or a worthless person. It is used to describe something that is no longer fit for its intended purpose or is harmful.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΧΡΕΙΟΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb σήπω (sēpō), meaning 'to rot' or 'to decay'.

G1537

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EK

Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.

G4750

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STOH-mah-tos

Translations: mouth, a mouth, (of) mouth, (of) a mouth

Notes: This word refers to the mouth, either literally as a part of the body (of humans or animals) or metaphorically as the source of speech, utterance, or command. It is often used in contexts related to speaking, declaring, or consuming.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΕΙΛΟΣ, ΦΩΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΟΜΑ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *stom-n-, meaning 'mouth'. It is related to words for mouth in other Indo-European languages.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, however, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a contrast, an exception, or an emphasis. It often translates to 'but' or 'yet' when contrasting two ideas, or 'rather' when correcting a previous statement. It can also be used to add emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is an indeclinable particle.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G0018

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-ga-THOS

Translations: good, a good thing, goodly, virtuous, beneficial, useful, excellent

Notes: This word describes something as inherently good, morally upright, or beneficial. It can refer to a person's character, a deed, or a thing that is useful or excellent. It is often used to describe something that is pleasing to God or beneficial to humanity. As an adjective, it modifies nouns and agrees with them in gender, number, and case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine (can also be Feminine or Neuter, and inflects for all cases and numbers)

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is an ancient Greek term. It is not directly derived from a known Proto-Indo-European root, but its usage is consistent throughout classical and Koine Greek.

G5485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-rin

Translations: grace, favor, kindness, thanks, a grace, a favor, a kindness, a thanks

Notes: This word refers to grace, favor, or kindness, often implying a divine or unmerited gift. It can also mean thanks or gratitude. In its accusative form, as seen in ΧΑΡΙΝ, it often functions as the direct object of a verb, such as 'to find favor' or 'to give thanks'. It can also be used in adverbial phrases meaning 'for the sake of' or 'on account of'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΝΟΙΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΡΙΣ (charis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- meaning 'to desire, to like'. It is related to words signifying joy, delight, and goodwill.

G0040

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AH-gee-on

Translations: holy, sacred, a holy thing, a sacred thing, set apart

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'holy,' 'sacred,' or 'set apart.' It describes something that is consecrated to God, pure, or morally blameless. It can refer to places, objects, or people that are dedicated to divine service or possess a divine quality. In its neuter form, it can also refer to a 'holy thing' or 'sacred place.'

Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Singular; Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΣΙΟΣ, ΙΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to venerate' or 'to dread'. It refers to that which inspires awe and reverence, particularly in a religious context.

G5599, G3739

Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G0629

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-po-ly-TROH-seh-ohs

Translations: (of) redemption, (of) deliverance, (of) release

Notes: This word is a compound noun, formed from 'apo' (from, away from) and 'lytrosis' (redemption, ransom). It refers to the act of setting free or delivering someone through the payment of a ransom. It signifies a complete and final liberation, often with the implication of a price paid. It is used to describe spiritual redemption or liberation from bondage.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ, ΑΦΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΟΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ (apolytrōsis) is derived from the verb ἀπολυτρόω (apolytroō), meaning 'to redeem' or 'to ransom'. It combines the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', with λύτρωσις (lytrōsis), meaning 'redemption' or 'a ransoming'.

G4088

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pik-REE-ah

Translations: bitterness, a bitterness, acrimony, animosity, rancor

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being bitter, both literally in taste and figuratively in disposition or feeling. It describes a state of deep-seated resentment, ill will, or acrimony. It can be used to describe a bitter taste in food or drink, or more commonly, a bitter attitude or spirit in a person, often leading to harsh words or actions.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΟΛΗ, ΠΙΚΡΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the adjective πικρός (pikros), meaning 'bitter'. It describes the quality or state of being bitter.

G2372

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THOO-mos

Translations: passion, anger, rage, wrath, indignation, a passion, a rage

Notes: This word refers to a strong, often intense, emotional state. It can denote a passionate outburst, a fit of anger, or a deep-seated wrath or indignation. It is often used to describe a powerful emotional response, sometimes impulsive and volatile.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΡΓΗ, ΠΑΘΟΣ, ΖΗΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an assumed primary word meaning 'to rush, breathe hard'. It refers to the soul as the seat of emotion, hence 'passion' or 'anger'.

G3709

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OR-gay

Translations: wrath, anger, indignation, a wrath, an anger

Notes: This word refers to a strong, often violent, emotion of displeasure or indignation. It can describe divine anger or human anger, often implying a settled, purposeful indignation rather than a sudden outburst. It is frequently used in the context of God's righteous judgment against sin.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΣ, ΠΑΡΟΞΥΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΟΡΓΗ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to swell' or 'to be excited', suggesting an internal swelling or agitation that leads to anger.

G0988

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: blas-fay-MEE-ah

Translations: blasphemy, slander, reviling, evil speaking, a blasphemy, a slander

Notes: This word refers to impious or irreverent speech concerning God or sacred things, or more generally, to abusive or defamatory speech against anyone. It describes the act of speaking evil, whether against divine beings or against people, often implying a malicious intent to harm reputation through words. It is typically used in the singular form.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative; Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΙΑ, ΛΟΙΔΟΡΙΑ, ΥΒΡΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΙΑ (blasphemia) is derived from the verb ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΕΩ (blasphemeō), which means 'to blaspheme' or 'to speak evil of'. This verb is a compound of ΒΛΑΠΤΩ (blaptō), meaning 'to harm' or 'to injure', and ΦΗΜΗ (phēmē), meaning 'speech' or 'report'. Thus, it literally means 'harmful speech'.

G0575

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: AF

Translations: from, away from, by, with, of, for, because of, after, since

Notes: This is a prefix or a preposition meaning 'from' or 'away from'. It indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is often used with the genitive case to show the source or origin of something, or the agent by whom something is done. It can also indicate a point in time 'from' which something occurs. When used as a prefix, it often intensifies the meaning of the verb or noun it is attached to, or indicates separation.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix or preposition).

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΑΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- (away, from).

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GHEE-nes-theh

Translations: be, become, happen, come to pass, be made, be done, be born, arise

Notes: This word is the second person plural present middle or passive imperative form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It means 'be' or 'become' in a command or exhortation. It can also mean 'happen' or 'come to pass'. In the passive voice, it means 'be made' or 'be done'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek, used to express existence, change of state, or occurrence.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Imperative, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

Etymology: The verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey similar concepts of becoming or arising.

G2155

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoos-PLANGKH-noy

Translations: compassionate, tenderhearted, merciful, full of pity

Notes: This word describes someone who is deeply compassionate or tenderhearted. It is a compound word formed from 'ευ' (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and 'σπλαγχνον' (splagchnon), referring to the inward parts or affections. Thus, it literally means 'having good inward parts' or 'well-boweled', signifying a person whose inner being is moved with empathy and kindness. It is used to describe a disposition of profound mercy and sympathy towards others.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΤΙΡΜΩΝ, ΕΛΕΗΜΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΕΥΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΟΣ is a compound of the Greek prefix ΕΥ- (eu-), meaning 'good' or 'well', and the noun ΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΑ (splagchna), referring to the 'inward parts' or 'bowels', which were considered the seat of emotions and affections in ancient thought. The combination signifies 'having good inward parts' or 'being well-disposed in one's affections'.

G5483

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kha-ri-ZOH-me-noy

Translations: granting, giving, forgiving, showing favor, bestowing, pardoning

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'charizō'. It describes an action of giving freely, granting a favor, or forgiving. It can imply an act of grace or kindness. In the middle voice, it emphasizes the subject acting for themselves or on their own behalf, while in the passive voice, it indicates the subject receiving the action. It is often used to describe God's grace or forgiveness towards humanity, or people showing kindness and forgiveness to one another.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΔΩΡΕΟΜΑΙ

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOYS

Translations: (to) themselves, (for) themselves, themselves, (among) themselves

Notes: This is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. It is used when the action of the verb is directed back to the subject of the sentence. For example, 'they gave to themselves' or 'they saw themselves'. It emphasizes that the subject is both the actor and the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, a compound of the reflexive pronoun 'ἑός' (heos, 'his own') and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self').

G5483