2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G2474

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G0601

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-ka-loof-THEE-seh-tai

Translations: will be revealed, will be uncovered, will be disclosed

Notes: This word means 'will be revealed' or 'will be uncovered'. It describes an action where something previously hidden or unknown will become visible or known to others. It is used to indicate a future event where truth or information is brought to light.

Inflection: Future, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΩΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ, ΔΗΛΩΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἀποκαλύπτω (apokalyptō) is a compound word formed from ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and καλύπτω (kalyptō), meaning 'to cover' or 'to conceal'. Thus, its literal meaning is 'to uncover' or 'to reveal'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G0093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-dee-KEE-ah

Translations: unrighteousness, injustice, wrong, wrongdoing, wickedness, an unrighteousness, an injustice, a wrong, a wrongdoing, a wickedness

Notes: This word refers to the quality or state of being unrighteous or unjust. It can also denote an act of unrighteousness, injustice, or wrongdoing. It is often used in contrast to righteousness (δικαιοσύνη) and implies a violation of divine or human law, or a failure to act justly.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΝΟΜΙΑ, ἈΣΕΒΕΙΑ, ΠΟΝΗΡΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἄδικος (adikos), meaning 'unjust', which is formed from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) and δίκη (dikē), meaning 'justice' or 'right'. Thus, it literally means 'not justice' or 'without justice'.

G2181

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: EF-ra-im

Translations: Ephraim

Notes: Ephraim refers to a significant figure, tribe, and territory in ancient Israel. It was the name of the younger son of Joseph and the grandson of Jacob, whose descendants formed one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The name 'Ephraim' also came to represent the northern kingdom of Israel, particularly after the division of the kingdom, due to the tribe's prominence and influence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The name 'Ephraim' is of Hebrew origin, from the verb 'parah' (פָּרָה), meaning 'to be fruitful' or 'to bear fruit'. It signifies 'fruitful' or 'doubly fruitful'.

G4540

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: sah-mah-REH-ee-ahs

Translations: of Samaria

Notes: This word refers to Samaria, a historical and biblical region in the ancient Near East, located in the central part of the Land of Israel. It was the capital city of the northern kingdom of Israel. In the New Testament, it is often mentioned in the context of Jesus' interactions with Samaritans. It is used to indicate possession or origin, as in 'the mountain of Samaria' or 'the region of Samaria'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Samaria' is derived from the Hebrew word 'Shomron' (שֹׁמְרוֹן), which means 'watch-mountain' or 'watch-tower'. It was named after Shemer, who sold the hill to Omri, King of Israel, who then built the city of Samaria on it.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G2038

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eer-GAH-san-toh

Translations: they worked, they did, they performed, they practiced, they produced

Notes: This is a verb in the aorist tense, indicating an action completed in the past. It means 'to work,' 'to do,' 'to perform,' or 'to practice.' It can be used to describe various kinds of activity or labor, whether physical or moral. In the given examples, it describes actions like 'practicing falsehoods,' 'working without pay,' and 'performing righteousness.'

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΔΡΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ comes from ἔργον (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed.' It describes the act of carrying out or performing a task.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G1562

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ek-dee-DOO-skohn

Translations: stripping off, taking off, putting off, divesting, undressing

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'stripping off' or 'taking off'. It describes an action of removing something, often clothing or a covering, from oneself or another. It can also be used metaphorically to mean divesting oneself of something, like a habit or a burden. It implies an ongoing or continuous action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΥΩ, ΕΚΔΥΩ

Etymology: The word ἐκδιδύσκω (ekdidyskō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb διδύσκω (didyskō), which is a reduplicated form of δύω (dyō), meaning 'to enter', 'to put on', or 'to sink'. The combination implies the action of taking something 'out of' or 'off' that which was 'put on' or 'entered into'.

G3027

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LEES-tays

Translations: robber, a robber, bandit, a bandit, brigand, a brigand

Notes: This word refers to a robber, bandit, or brigand, often implying someone who uses violence or force, as opposed to a simple thief (κλέπτης) who steals secretly. It describes a person who commits highway robbery or insurrection.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΠΑΞ, ΚΛΕΠΤΗΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to ληίζομαι (lēïzomai), meaning 'to plunder' or 'to seize as spoil'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G3598

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oh-DOH

Translations: to a way, to a road, to a journey, to a path, to a course, to a manner, to a way of life, to a custom, to a means, to a method, to a direction, to a journey, to a travel, to a passage, to a street, to a highway, to a route, to a track, to a trail

Notes: This word refers to a way, road, or path, and can also metaphorically mean a journey, course of action, or manner of life. It is used to indicate movement along a physical route or to describe a particular custom or method. In this dative form, it often indicates the recipient or direction of an action, or the means by which something is done.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΘΟΣ, ΠΟΡΕΙΑ

G4837

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-AH-doh-sin

Translations: they sing together, they sing with, they harmonize

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'συν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb 'ᾄδω' (adō), meaning 'to sing'. Therefore, it means 'to sing together' or 'to sing with someone'. It describes the act of multiple individuals joining their voices in song or harmony. It can also imply agreement or harmony in a broader sense, beyond just singing.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Subjunctive, Active

Synonyms: ΑΔΩ, ΥΜΝΕΩ

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G0103

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-DON-tes

Translations: singing, those who sing, singers

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'singing' or 'those who are singing'. It describes an ongoing action of singing and functions like an adjective or a noun, referring to the people performing the action. It is often used to describe a group of people who are singing.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΥΜΝΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΨΑΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word ᾄδω (adō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to sing' or 'to sound'.

G2549

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-KEE-as

Translations: (of) evil, (of) malice, (of) wickedness, (of) depravity, evil, an evil, malice, a malice, wickedness, a wickedness, depravity, a depravity

Notes: This word refers to the inherent badness, wickedness, or depravity of character. It can also denote malice or ill-will towards others. It is often used in contexts describing moral corruption or harmful actions stemming from a bad disposition.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΙΑ, ΦΑΥΛΟΤΗΣ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΚΙΑ (kakia) comes from the adjective ΚΑΚΟΣ (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. It refers to the state or quality of being bad.

G3403

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: em-NEES-thayn

Translations: I remembered, I recalled, I thought of

Notes: This verb means 'to remember' or 'to recall'. It describes the act of bringing something back into one's mind. Although morphologically passive, it often carries a middle voice meaning in Koine Greek, indicating an action performed by the subject upon themselves or for their own benefit, hence 'I remembered' rather than 'I was remembered'.

Inflection: 1st Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive (with a middle voice meaning)

Synonyms: ΜΕΜΝΗΜΑΙ, ΕΝΘΥΜΕΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G1228

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ah-voo-LEE-ah

Translations: counsel, deliberation, plan, purpose, a counsel, a deliberation, a plan, a purpose

Notes: This word refers to a counsel, deliberation, or plan. It describes the act of consulting or discussing something, often with a view to making a decision or forming a purpose. It can be used to refer to the thoughts or intentions that lead to an action.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΟΝ, ΣΚΟΠΟΣ

Etymology: The word διαβουλία (diaboulia) is derived from the verb διαβουλεύομαι (diabouleuomai), meaning 'to deliberate' or 'to consult'. It combines διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', with βουλεύομαι (bouleuomai), meaning 'to take counsel' or 'to plan'.

G0001

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: Ah-peh-NAN-tee

Translations: opposite, in front of, before, against

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate a position directly facing or opposite to something or someone. It can also mean 'in the presence of' or 'before' a person or thing. It is often used with the genitive case to specify what it is opposite to.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπ- (ap-, 'from') and ἔναντι (enanti, 'opposite'). It literally means 'from opposite' or 'from in front of'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G4383

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-SO-poo

Translations: of face, of countenance, of presence, of person, of a face, of a countenance, of a presence, of a person

Notes: This word refers primarily to the 'face' or 'countenance' of a person or thing. It can also denote 'presence' or 'appearance'. In a broader sense, it can refer to the 'person' or 'individual' themselves. It is often used in phrases like 'from the face of' or 'before the face of' to mean 'from the presence of' or 'before the presence of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ' is derived from the Greek preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'ὤψ' (ōps), meaning 'eye' or 'face'. It literally means 'that which is before the eyes' or 'that which is turned towards'.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-non-toh

Translations: they became, they were, they came to be, they happened, they arose

Notes: This word is a past tense form of the verb 'to become' or 'to be'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, indicating a change of state, an event happening, or the coming into existence of something. It is often used to describe what happened or what came about.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΕΝΝΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey similar concepts of becoming or originating.

G2165

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-PHRAH-nan

Translations: they made glad, they rejoiced, they cheered, they celebrated

Notes: This is a verb that means to make someone glad or to cause them to rejoice. It can also mean to rejoice oneself, to be merry, or to celebrate. It is often used in the context of expressing joy or happiness, or causing others to feel joy. The form provided is a past tense, indicating that a group of people performed the action of making glad or rejoicing.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Aorist Active Indicative

Synonyms: ἈΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΧΑΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word Εὐφραίνω (euphrainō) comes from the Greek prefix εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and φρήν (phrēn), meaning 'mind' or 'heart'. Thus, it literally means 'to be in a good state of mind' or 'to make the heart well'.

G2545

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-YOH-meh-nos

Translations: burning, being burned, on fire, ablaze

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'καίω' (kaio), meaning 'to burn'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is currently in the process of being burned or is on fire. It can be used to describe objects, emotions, or even people that are intensely hot or consumed by fire.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΥΡΦΟΡΟΣ, ΦΛΕΓΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'καίω' (kaio) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to burn' or 'to shine'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that refer to heat, fire, or light.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G4720

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: steh-AH-tos

Translations: of fat, of the fat, of marrow, of rich food

Notes: This word refers to fat, especially the fat of animals, which was often considered the best part and used in sacrifices or as a delicacy. It can also refer to marrow or rich food in general. In the provided examples, it is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, such as 'fat of lambs' or 'fat of the mighty'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΙΟΤΗΣ, ΠΙΜΕΛΗ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to the idea of 'stuffing' or 'filling'.

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: it, itself, the same

Notes: This word is a versatile pronoun and adjective. As a pronoun, it typically means 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' or 'they,' depending on its gender and number. When used as an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or serve as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the noun it modifies, such as 'himself,' 'herself,' 'itself,' or 'themselves.' Its meaning is highly dependent on its grammatical case, number, and gender within a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: This word is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'that, that one.' It developed into the Greek pronoun and adjective 'autos,' retaining its core sense of identity or self.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2373

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: thoo-MOO-sthai

Translations: to be angry, to become angry, to be enraged, to become enraged

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be angry' or 'to become enraged'. It describes the state of experiencing strong emotion, particularly wrath or indignation. It is often used to describe a sudden outburst of anger or a sustained state of being furious. It is a deponent verb, meaning it has a passive form but an active meaning.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΟΡΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΧΟΛΑΩ

Etymology: The word derives from θυμός (thumos), meaning 'passion, spirit, anger'. The verb form θυμόω means 'to make angry' or 'to be angry'.

G3631

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OY-noo

Translations: of wine, wine

Notes: This word refers to wine, the fermented juice of grapes. It is commonly used in ancient Greek texts to denote the beverage itself, often in contexts of consumption, production, or as a symbol. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession or origin, such as 'of wine' or 'from wine'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΜΠΕΛΩΝ, ΓΛΕΥΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟἸΝΟΣ (oinos) comes from Proto-Indo-European *woyh₁no-, referring to 'wine' or 'vine'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its ancient origin and widespread use.

G1614

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-EH-tee-nen

Translations: stretched out, extended, reached out

Notes: This verb means to stretch out, extend, or reach out. It is commonly used to describe the action of extending a hand, arm, or other body part, or to stretch something to its full length. It can also imply an action of reaching towards something or someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΛΟΩ, ΕΚΠΕΤΑΝΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΤΕΙΝΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ΤΕΙΝΩ (teinō), meaning 'to stretch' or 'to extend'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3061

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: loy-MOHN

Translations: of plagues, of pestilences, of destructive people, of scoffers, of wicked men

Notes: This word refers to plagues, pestilences, or destructive and wicked people. It is often used in a figurative sense to describe those who are morally corrupt or who cause harm. In the provided examples, it appears in contexts relating to evil or destructive individuals.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΩΝ, ΑΣΕΒΩΝ, ΠΟΝΗΡΩΝ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to λύω (lyō, "to loose, destroy"). It refers to a destructive force or person.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G4130

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-nem-PLEES-thay

Translations: was filled, was fulfilled, was completed

Notes: This word is the 3rd person singular, aorist, indicative, passive form of the verb 'πίμπλημι' (pimplēmi). It means 'to be filled' or 'to be fulfilled/completed'. It describes a state of being filled, either literally with a substance or figuratively with a feeling or a prophecy being brought to completion. For example, 'he/she/it was filled with joy' or 'the prophecy was fulfilled'.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΓΕΜΙΖΩ, ΠΛΗΡΟΩ

Etymology: The verb πίμπλημι (pimplēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁- meaning 'to fill'. It is a reduplicated form, indicating an iterative or intensive action.

G4404

Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: PRO-ee

Translations: early, in the morning, morning, a morning

Notes: This word primarily functions as an adverb meaning 'early' or 'in the morning'. It can also be used as a noun referring to 'the morning' itself. It describes the time of day, specifically the early hours.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as a noun)

Synonyms: ΟΡΘΡΟΣ, ΠΡΩΙΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρωί' (prōi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro-, meaning 'forward' or 'before'. It is related to words indicating precedence or an early time.

G0358

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-KOW-thee

Translations: was kindled, was burned up, was set on fire

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist indicative passive form of the verb ἀνακαίω (anakaiō). It means 'to be kindled,' 'to be burned up,' or 'to be set on fire.' It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject was the recipient of the action of being burned or kindled. It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again,' and καίω (kaiō), meaning 'to burn.'

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΩ, ΕΚΚΑΙΩ

Etymology: The verb ἀνακαίω (anakaiō) is a compound of ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again,' and καίω (kaiō), meaning 'to burn.' The root καίω is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek.

G4442

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PY-ros

Translations: of fire, fire, a fire

Notes: This word refers to fire, a fundamental element. It can be used literally to describe a burning flame or figuratively to represent judgment, purification, or divine presence. As a noun, it functions as the subject or object in a sentence, or in this genitive form, it indicates possession or origin.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΛΟΞ, ΚΑΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'πῦρ' (pyr) comes from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂wr̥, meaning 'fire'. It is a very ancient word found across many Indo-European languages.

G2719

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-PHA-gon

Translations: devoured, ate up, consumed

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἐσθίω (esthiō), meaning 'to eat'. Together, it means 'to eat down', 'to eat up', or 'to devour completely'. It implies a thorough and destructive consumption, often used metaphorically for destruction or ruin. It can be used in contexts where something is completely consumed, like fire consuming wood, or people consuming resources, or even metaphorically, like enemies destroying a nation.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΛΙΣΚΩ, ΔΑΠΑΝΑΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΑΛΙΣΚΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G1941

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-kah-LOO-meh-noss

Translations: calling upon, calling, being called, appealing to, appealing, invoking, being invoked, surnamed, who is called

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'epikaleō'. It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. In the middle voice, it means 'calling upon' or 'appealing to' someone or something for help, support, or as a witness. In the passive voice, it means 'being called' or 'being surnamed', indicating a name or title given to someone. It can also refer to someone who is 'invoking' or 'being invoked'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Middle or Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G4874

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-MIG-noo-toh

Translations: was being mixed, was mingling, was associating, was joining

Notes: This word is the imperfect middle/passive indicative third person singular form of the verb 'συμμίγνυμι' (symmignymi), meaning 'to mix together', 'to mingle', or 'to associate with'. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'μίγνυμι' (mignymi), meaning 'to mix'. In this form, it describes an action that was ongoing in the past, where the subject was being mixed or was mingling with something or someone else.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΙΓΝΥΜΙ, ΣΥΝΑΝΑΜΙΓΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The verb 'συμμίγνυμι' is a compound of the preposition 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb 'μίγνυμι' (mignymi), meaning 'to mix'. The root 'μίγνυμι' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to mix'.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-neh-toh

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it became, it was, it came into being

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative middle/passive of the verb γίνομαι (ginomai). It signifies an event that occurred or a state that came into existence in the past. It is frequently used to introduce a new event or development in a narrative, often translated as 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'. It can also describe something becoming or being made into something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G1474

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: en-KROO-fee-as

Translations: a cake, a baked cake, a hidden cake, a cake baked under the ashes

Notes: This word refers to a cake, often one baked under the ashes or coals, hence 'hidden' or 'covered' during its preparation. It is a compound word derived from 'ἐν' (in) and 'κρύπτω' (to hide). It describes a type of bread or cake that is prepared in a concealed manner, typically by being buried in hot ashes.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΤΟΣ, ΠΛΑΚΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the preposition 'ἐν' (in) and the verb 'κρύπτω' (to hide, conceal), referring to something hidden or baked within something else, specifically ashes.

G3344

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: meh-tah-STREF-oh-men-os

Translations: turning, being turned, turning oneself, changing, being changed, perverting, being perverted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'μεταστρέφω', meaning to turn, change, or pervert. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action or state, functioning like an adjective or adverb. It can indicate someone or something that is in the process of turning, changing, or being perverted, often implying a reversal or transformation.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ

G0245

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: al-LO-tree-oy

Translations: strangers, foreigners, aliens, another's, belonging to another

Notes: This word describes something or someone that belongs to another person or is foreign. It can refer to people who are not part of one's family, community, or nation, thus 'strangers' or 'foreigners'. It can also describe things that are 'alien' or 'belonging to another'. In the provided examples, it is used substantively to refer to 'strangers' or 'foreigners' who are acting against or consuming the strength of others.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΞΕΝΟΙ, ἈΛΛΟΓΕΝΕΙΣ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1097

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eg-NOH

Translations: knew, recognized, understood, perceived

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to come to know'. It describes an action of knowing or recognizing that occurred in the past, often implying a completed or definite act of gaining knowledge or understanding. It can be used in sentences like 'he knew' or 'she recognized'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

G1828

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-an-THE-san

Translations: they blossomed, they bloomed, they burst forth, they broke out

Notes: This word describes the action of something blossoming, blooming, or bursting forth, often referring to flowers or plants. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something breaking out, like a rash or a disease, or even a feeling. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ἀνθέω (antheō), meaning 'to blossom' or 'to bloom'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΘΕΩ, ΒΛΑΣΤΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἐξανθέω (exantheō) is derived from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ἀνθέω (antheō), meaning 'to blossom' or 'to bloom'. The verb ἀνθέω itself comes from ἄνθος (anthos), meaning 'flower'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G5196

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HOO-bris

Translations: insolence, arrogance, outrage, injury, a violent act, a violent wrong, a violent assault

Notes: This word refers to an act of insolence, arrogance, or outrage, often involving a violent or abusive act. It describes behavior that is characterized by excessive pride or self-confidence, leading to a disregard for others' rights or feelings, and can result in harm or insult. It is used to describe a person's overbearing and contemptuous attitude.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡΗΦΑΝΙΑ, ΑΛΑΖΟΝΕΙΑ, ΥΠΕΡΟΨΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'hybris' is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to the Greek preposition 'hyper' (over, beyond). It originally referred to an act of violence or assault, but later came to signify excessive pride or defiance towards the gods, leading to a downfall.

G4383

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-OH-pon

Translations: face, a face, presence, person, appearance

Notes: This word refers to the face of a person or animal. It can also denote one's presence or appearance, or even a person themselves, especially in a formal or legal context. It is used to describe physical features as well as the impression or aspect someone presents.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, "to, towards") and ὤψ (ōps, "eye, face"). It literally means "that which is towards the eye" or "that which is before the eye."

G1994

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-es-TREP-san

Translations: they returned, they turned back, they converted, they turned around

Notes: This word means to turn back, return, or convert. It can be used literally to describe physical movement, such as returning to a place, or metaphorically to describe a change in one's behavior, beliefs, or allegiance, often implying a conversion or repentance. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (upon, to) and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (to turn).

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΑΜΠΤΩ, ΥΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΝΟΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ is derived from the prefix ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (strephō), meaning 'to turn'. Thus, it literally means 'to turn upon' or 'to turn to'.

G1643

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-eh-ZAY-tay-san

Translations: they sought out, they searched for, they inquired diligently, they demanded

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek, meaning 'out of' or 'from') and the verb ζητέω (zēteō, meaning 'to seek'). It describes an action of seeking or searching with intensity, diligence, or thoroughness, often implying a persistent or exhaustive search. It can also mean to demand or require something. It is used in sentences where a group of people are actively looking for something or someone, or making a strong inquiry.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΕΠΙΖΗΤΕΩ, ΑΝΑΖΗΤΕΩ

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G0453

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AH-noos

Translations: senseless, foolish, unwise, without understanding, a senseless person, a foolish person

Notes: This adjective describes someone or something lacking understanding, sense, or intelligence. It implies a state of being foolish or irrational, often due to a lack of proper judgment or discernment. It can be used to describe a person who acts without thinking or a decision that is ill-conceived.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΦΡΩΝ, ΜΩΡΟΣ, ἈΣΥΝΕΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-) meaning 'not' and 'νοῦς' (nous) meaning 'mind' or 'understanding'. Thus, it literally means 'without mind' or 'without understanding'.

G2192

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EKH-oo-sah

Translations: having, holding, possessing, a having one, a possessing one

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'having' or 'holding'. It describes an ongoing action of possession or holding. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can also act as a verb within a clause. In this form, it is feminine, singular, and in the nominative case, indicating the subject of a sentence or a predicate nominative.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΗ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΣΑ

Etymology: The word ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- 'to hold, to have'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, indicating possession or state.

G1941

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-ka-LEH-toh

Translations: he was called, he was named, he was appealing, he was invoking, he was calling upon

Notes: This word is the imperfect middle/passive indicative form of the verb 'epikaleō'. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. In the middle voice, it means 'to call upon oneself' or 'to appeal to', often for help or authority. In the passive voice, it means 'to be called' or 'to be named'. The context determines whether it refers to someone being called or named, or someone calling upon or appealing to someone else.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-por-YOO-thay-san

Translations: they went, they departed, they traveled, they walked

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to go', 'to depart', 'to travel', or 'to walk'. It describes the act of moving from one place to another. The form 'ἘΠΟΡΕΥΘΗΣΑΝ' indicates that the action was completed in the past by a group of people (third person plural). It is often used to describe a journey or a movement towards a destination.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word πορεύομαι (poreuomai) comes from the Greek word πόρος (poros), meaning 'a way' or 'a passage'. It signifies movement along a path or route.

G2531

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: KAH-thohss

Translations: just as, even as, according as, as, exactly as, in proportion as, like, according to, inasmuch as

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, meaning 'as' or 'how'). It functions as an adverb or conjunction, primarily used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done or happens in the same way as something else. It can also express correspondence or proportion, meaning 'inasmuch as' or 'to the extent that'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how').

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: por-YOO-ohn-tai

Translations: they go, they walk, they travel, they depart

Notes: This word describes the action of moving from one place to another, whether by walking, traveling, or departing. It can refer to a physical journey or, metaphorically, to one's conduct or way of life. In the provided examples, it is used in a subjunctive mood, indicating a potential or hypothetical action, often translated as 'as they may go' or 'whenever they go'.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Subjunctive, Middle/Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΟΔΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΟΡΕΥΩ (poreuō) is derived from the noun πόρος (poros), meaning 'a way, a passage, a ford'. It signifies the act of making one's way or passing through.

G1945

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-BAH-loh

Translations: to cast upon, to lay upon, to throw upon, to put on, to impose, to apply, to attack

Notes: This word means to cast, throw, or lay something upon something else. It can imply an action of imposing, applying, or even attacking. It is often used to describe the act of putting something on, such as clothing, or to signify an attack or assault upon someone or something.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΒΑΛΛΩ, ἘΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΒΑΛΛΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (EPI), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (BALLO), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G0189

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-KO-ay

Translations: hearing, a hearing, report, a report, fame, a fame, rumor, a rumor, (of) hearing, (to) hearing

Notes: This word refers to the faculty of hearing, the act of hearing, or what is heard, such as a report, rumor, or news. It can also refer to the message or teaching that is heard. For example, one might speak of 'the hearing of faith' or 'a report of what happened'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΣΜΑ, ΦΗΜΗ, ΛΟΓΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἀκούω (akouō), meaning 'to hear'.

G2347

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THLIP-seh-ohss

Translations: (of) tribulation, (of) affliction, (of) distress, (of) trouble, (of) pressure, a tribulation, an affliction, a distress, a trouble, a pressure

Notes: This word refers to a state of pressure, distress, or suffering. It denotes a crushing or pressing together, which can be literal or figurative, leading to hardship or trouble. It is often used in the context of difficulties, persecutions, or severe trials faced by individuals or communities.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ, ΠΙΕΣΙΣ, ΔΟΚΙΜΗ

G3759

Part of Speech: Interjection

Sounds like: OO-ah-ee

Translations: Woe, alas

Notes: This word is an exclamation used to express lament, grief, or warning. It is often translated as 'woe' or 'alas' and can be used to pronounce a curse or a solemn warning of impending disaster or judgment. It is typically followed by the person or thing to whom the 'woe' is directed, often in the dative case or introduced by a preposition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word 'οὐαι' is of imitative origin, mimicking a cry of lamentation. It is found in various forms across different languages, suggesting a common, ancient root for such an exclamation.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

G1169

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: day-LAI-oy

Translations: wretched, miserable, a wretched person, a miserable person

Notes: This word describes someone who is wretched, miserable, or unfortunate. It conveys a sense of pitiable condition or suffering. It is often used to express sympathy or pity for someone in a dire situation.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΑΛΑΙΠΩΡΟΣ, ΑΘΛΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word "deilaios" comes from the Greek word "deilos" (δειλός), meaning "cowardly, timid, wretched." It is related to "deos" (δέος), meaning "fear."

G0763

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-SEH-bay-san

Translations: they acted impiously, they were ungodly, they sinned, they committed sacrilege

Notes: This word describes the act of being impious, ungodly, or irreverent towards God or sacred things. It signifies a lack of reverence or a violation of religious duty. It is used to describe actions that are contrary to divine law or moral principles, often implying a deliberate disregard for what is considered holy or right. The form ἨΣΕΒΗΣΑΝ indicates that 'they' performed this action in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ἈΝΟΜΕΩ, ἉΜΑΡΤΑΝΩ

Etymology: From the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and σέβομαι (sebomai), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. Thus, it literally means 'not revering' or 'without reverence'.

G1473

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G3084

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-loo-TROH-sah-meen

Translations: I redeemed, I ransomed, I delivered, I set free

Notes: This word means to redeem, ransom, or deliver someone, often by paying a price. It implies an act of liberation or setting free from bondage, captivity, or obligation. It is used to describe an action taken by a rescuer to save someone from a difficult or dangerous situation.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΞΑΓΟΡΑΖΩ, ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΣΩΖΩ

Etymology: From λύτρον (lytron), meaning 'a ransom price' or 'a price of release'.

G2635

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-lah-LEE-san

Translations: they spoke against, they slandered, they reviled, they defamed

Notes: This word describes the act of speaking against someone, often with malicious intent, leading to slander, defamation, or reviling. It implies a negative and harmful form of speech directed at another person. It is a compound word formed from κατά (kata, 'down, against') and λαλέω (laleō, 'to speak').

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΕΩ, ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΕΩ, ΛΟΙΔΟΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word καταλαλέω (katalaleō) is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb λαλέω (laleō), meaning 'to speak'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak down against' someone.

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G3649

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-LOH-loo-zon

Translations: they wailed, they howled, they cried aloud

Notes: This word describes a loud, mournful cry, often associated with wailing, howling, or a ritualistic shout. It implies a sustained or repeated sound. The form "ὨΛΟΛΥΖΟΝ" is the imperfect tense, indicating an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, specifically "they were wailing" or "they kept wailing."

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΛΑΙΩ, ΘΡΗΝΕΩ, ὈΔΥΡΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ὀλολύζω is onomatopoeic, meaning it imitates the sound it describes. It is related to the sound of a howl or wail.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G2707

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-TEM-non-toh

Translations: they were cutting themselves, they were gashing themselves, they were mutilating themselves

Notes: This word describes an action of cutting or gashing oneself, often in a ritualistic or extreme manner, such as in mourning or religious fervor. It is a compound word formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb τέμνω (temnō), meaning 'to cut.' It implies a forceful or thorough cutting.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΤΕΜΝΩ, ΚΟΠΤΩ, ΣΧΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word κατατέμνω (katatemnō) is derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb τέμνω (temnō), meaning 'to cut.' The combination emphasizes the action of cutting thoroughly or deeply.

G2729

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-TIS-khoo-sah

Translations: I prevailed, I was strong, I overcame, I overpowered, I was able

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb ΚΑΤΙΣΧΥΩ, meaning 'to prevail,' 'to be strong,' 'to overcome,' or 'to overpower.' It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb ἰσχύω (ischyō), meaning 'to be strong' or 'to have power.' The combination suggests a strong, decisive exertion of power or strength, often in the sense of overcoming an obstacle or an opponent. It can be used to describe someone gaining the upper hand or succeeding in a difficult situation.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΔΥΝΑΜΑΙ, ΝΙΚΑΩ

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: po-NEE-rah

Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, malicious, an evil thing

Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, or harmful. It can refer to moral depravity, physical badness, or something that causes trouble or pain. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. In the provided examples, it describes 'counsel' (βουλευομενος) as evil and 'things' (implied) that one should not see as evil.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Vocative; or Neuter, Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ' comes from 'πόνος' (ponos), meaning 'toil, labor, pain'. It originally referred to something that caused toil or pain, and later evolved to mean 'evil' or 'wicked' in a moral sense.

G0654

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pes-TRAH-fay-san

Translations: they turned away, they returned, they were turned back, they turned back

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo, meaning 'from' or 'away from') and the verb στρέφω (strepho, meaning 'to turn'). In this specific form, it means 'they turned away' or 'they returned'. It can describe a physical turning away or returning, or a moral turning away from something or someone. It is often used in the sense of abandoning or rejecting something, or simply going back to a previous state or location.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive or Middle, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΝΑΚΑΜΠΤΩ

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: oo-THEN

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not at all, in no way

Notes: This word is an indeclinable form of the indefinite pronoun/adjective meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to express absolute negation. When used as an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'no' or 'not any'. When used as an adverb, it means 'not at all' or 'in no way'. It emphasizes the complete absence or non-existence of something.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΔΕΙΣ (from which ΟΥ̓ΘΕΝ is derived) is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓ (ou, 'not') and ΕἸΣ (heis, 'one'). It literally means 'not one'.

G5115

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TOX-on

Translations: bow, a bow

Notes: This word refers to a bow, typically used as a weapon for shooting arrows. It can also refer to anything curved or arched, like a rainbow. In a sentence, it would function as a direct object or subject, indicating the instrument itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΕΛΟΣ, ΤΟΞΕΥΜΑ

Etymology: The word "toxon" comes from an ancient Greek root, possibly related to the idea of bending or stretching. It is the source of English words like 'toxic' (from 'toxikon pharmakon', meaning 'bow poison', referring to poison used on arrows).

G1792

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: en-teh-TAH-meh-non

Translations: stretched, strained, intense, drawn tight, a stretched thing

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle (neuter, singular, nominative/accusative) of the verb 'enteinō', meaning 'to stretch' or 'to strain'. It describes something that has been stretched or made taut, like a bowstring. It can be used to describe something that is intense or strained.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΕΤΑΜΕΝΟΝ, ΕΠΙΤΕΤΑΜΕΝΟΝ

G4501

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: rom-FEYE-ah

Translations: sword, a sword, dagger, spear

Notes: This word refers to a large, broad sword, often associated with a Thracian or Dacian weapon, or more generally, any sharp weapon like a dagger or spear. It is frequently used metaphorically in the New Testament to represent divine judgment or spiritual conflict. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΑΙΡΑ, ΞΙΦΟΣ

Etymology: The word is of Thracian origin, referring to a type of long, straight or curved sword. It was adopted into Greek and Latin.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G0521

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-pah-ee-DEH-oo-see-ahn

Translations: ignorance, lack of instruction, unlearnedness, a lack of discipline, an ignorance

Notes: This word is a compound noun, formed from the privative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'παιδεία' (paideia, meaning 'education' or 'discipline'). It refers to a state of being uneducated, uninstructed, or lacking in discipline. It describes a general ignorance or lack of proper training, often implying a moral or intellectual deficiency.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΟΙΑ, ΑΜΑΘΙΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπαιδευσία (apaideusía), from ἀ- (a-, privative prefix) + παιδεύω (paideúō, 'to educate, to discipline') + -σία (-sía, noun-forming suffix). It literally means 'without education' or 'lack of discipline'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G5338