2 Corinthians Chapter 2, Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)

2 Corinthians, Chapter 2

Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)

2:1
2:2
2:3
2:4
2:5
2:6
2:7
2:8
2:9
2:10
2:11
2:12
2:13
2:14
2:15
2:16
2:17

2:1

ΕΚΡΙΝΑ
- EKRINA
- I-decided
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΕΜΑΥΤΩ
- EMAUTŌ
- for-myself
ΤΟΥΤΟ
- TOUTO
- this
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΠΑΛΙ
- PALI
- again
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΛΥΠΗ
- LYPĒ
- sorrow
ΠΡΟϹ
- PROS
- to
ΥΜΑϹ
- YMAS
- you
ΕΛΘΕΙΝ
- ELTHEIN
- to-come

2:2

(Ι)
- (I)
- if
{S1:
- {S1:
- [editor name]
ΕΙ}
- EI}
- if
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΕΓΩ
- EGŌ
- I
(Ο)
- (O)
- the
{S1:
- {S1:
- [editor name]
[DELETED]}
- [DELETED]}
- [DELETED]
ΛΥΠΩ
- LYPŌ
- grieve
ΥΜΑϹ
- YMAS
- you
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΤΙϹ
- TIS
- who
()
- ()
{CA:
- {CA:
- [editor name]
ΕϹΤΙΝ}
- ESTIN}
- is
Ο
- O
- the-one
ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩΝ
- EUPHRAINŌN
- making-glad
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ΕΙ
- EI
- if
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
Ο
- O
- the-one
ΛΥΠΟΥΜΕΝΟϹ
- LYPOUMENOS
- being-grieved
ΕΞ
- EX
- by
ΕΜΟΥ
- EMOU
- me

2:3

ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΕΓΡΑΨΑ
- EGRAPSA
- I-wrote
()
- ()
{CA:
- {CA:
- [editor name]
ΥΜΙΝ}
- YMIN}
- to-you
ΤΟΥΤΟ
- TOUTO
- this
ΑΥΤΟ
- AUTO
- same
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- in-order-that
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΕΛΘΩ
- ELTHŌ
- I-might-come
ΛΥΠΗΝ
- LYPĒN
- sorrow
(ϹΧΩ)
- (SCHŌ)
- I-might-have
{CA:
- {CA:
- [editor name]
ΕΧΩ}
- ECHŌ}
- I-might-have
ΑΦ
- APH
- from
Ω
- Ō
- whom
ΕΔΕΙ
- EDEI
- it-was-necessary
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ΧΑΙΡΕΙΝ
- CHAIREIN
- to-rejoice
ΠΕΠΟΙΘΩϹ
- PEPOITHŌS
- having-trusted
ΕΠΙ
- EPI
- upon
ΠΑΝΤΑϹ
- PANTAS
- all
ΥΜΑϹ
- YMAS
- you
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- that
Η
- Ē
- the
ΕΜΗ
- EMĒ
- my
ΧΑΡΑ
- CHARA
- joy
ΠΑΝΤΩ
- PANTŌ
- of-all
ΥΜΩΝ
- YMŌN
- of-you
ΕϹΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- is

2:4

ΕΚ
- EK
- out-of
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΠΟΛΛΗϹ
- POLLĒS
- much
ΘΛΙΨΕΩϹ
- THLIPSEŌS
- affliction
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ϹΥΝΟΧΗϹ
- SYNOCHĒS
- anguish
ΚΑΡΔΙΑϹ
- KARDIAS
- of-heart
ΕΓΡΑΨΑ
- EGRAPSA
- I-wrote
ΥΜΙ
- YMI
- to-you
ΔΙΑ
- DIA
- through
ΠΟΛΛΩΝ
- POLLŌN
- many
ΔΑΚΡΥΩΝ
- DAKRYŌN
- tears
ΟΥΧ
- OUCH
- not
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- in-order-that
ΛΥΠΗΘΗΤΕ
- LYPĒTHĒTE
- you-might-be-grieved
ΑΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΑΓΑΠΗΝ
- AGAPĒN
- love
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- in-order-that
ΓΝΩΤΕ
- GNŌTE
- you-might-know
Η
- Ē
- which
ΕΧΩ
- ECHŌ
- I-have
ΠΕΡΙϹϹΟΤΕΡΩϹ
- PERISSOTERŌS
- more-abundantly
ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- toward
ΥΜΑϹ
- YMAS
- you

2:5

ΕΙ
- EI
- if
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΤΙϹ
- TIS
- anyone
ΛΕΛΥΠΗΚΕ
- LELYPĒKE
- has-grieved
ΟΥΚ
- OUK
- not
ΕΜΕ
- EME
- me
ΛΕΛΥΠΗΚΕ
- LELYPĒKE
- has-grieved
ΑΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΑΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΜΕΡΟΥϹ
- MEROUS
- part
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- so-that
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΕΠΙΒΑΡΩ
- EPIBARŌ
- I-burden
ΠΑΝΤΑϹ
- PANTAS
- all
ΥΜΑϹ
- YMAS
- you

2:6

ΙΚΑΝΟΝ
- IKANON
- sufficient
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΤΟΙΟΥΤΩ
- TOIOUTŌ
- such-a-one
Η
- Ē
- the
ΕΠΙΤΙΜΙΑ
- EPITIMIA
- punishment
ΑΥΤΗ
- AUTĒ
- this
Η
- Ē
- the
ΥΠΟ
- YPO
- by
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ΠΛΕΙΟΝΩ
- PLEIONŌ
- majority

2:7

ΩϹΤΕ
- ŌSTE
- so-that
ΤΟΥΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ
- TOUNANTION
- on-the-contrary
ΜΑΛΛΟΝ
- MALLON
- rather
ΥΜΑϹ
- YMAS
- you
ΧΑΡΙϹΑϹΘΑΙ
- CHARISASTHAI
- to-forgive
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕϹΑΙ
- PARAKALESAI
- to-encourage
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- lest
ΠΩϹ
- PŌS
- somehow
ΤΗ
- TĒ
- by-the
ΠΕΡΙϹϹΟΤΕΡΑ
- PERISSOTERA
- excessive
ΛΥΠΗ
- LYPĒ
- sorrow
ΚΑΤΑΠΟΘΗ
- KATAPOTHĒ
- he-be-swallowed-up
Ο
- O
- the
ΤΟΙΟΥΤΟϹ
- TOIOUTOS
- such-a-one

2:8

ΔΙΟ
- DIO
- therefore
ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΩ
- PARAKALŌ
- I-urge
ΥΜΑϹ
- YMAS
- you
ΚΥΡΩϹΑΙ
- KYRŌSAI
- to-confirm
ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- to
ΑΥΤΟΝ
- AUTON
- him
ΑΓΑΠΗΝ
- AGAPĒN
- love

2:9

ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- for
ΤΟΥΤΟ
- TOUTO
- this
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΕΓΡΑΨΑ
- EGRAPSA
- I-wrote
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- so-that
ΓΝΩ
- GNŌ
- I-might-know
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΔΟΚΙΜΗΝ
- DOKIMĒN
- proof
ΥΜΩΝ
- YMŌN
- of-you
ΕΙ
- EI
- if
ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- in
ΠΑΝΤΑ
- PANTA
- all-things
ΥΠΗΚΟΟΙ
- YPĒKOOI
- obedient
ΕϹΤΕ
- ESTE
- you-are

2:10

Ω
- Ō
- O
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΤΙ
- TI
- what
ΧΑΡΙΖΕϹΘΕ
- CHARIZESTHE
- you-grant
(ΚΑΓΩ)
- (KAGŌ)
- and-I
{CA:
- {CA:
- [editor name]
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΕΓΩ}
- EGŌ}
- I
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- for
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΕΓΩ
- EGŌ
- I
Ο
- O
- who
ΚΕΧΑΡΙϹΜΑΙ
- KECHARISMAI
- have-granted
ΕΙ
- EI
- if
ΤΙ
- TI
- anything
ΚΕΧΑΡΙϹΜΑΙ
- KECHARISMAI
- I-have-granted
ΔΙ
- DI
- through
ΥΜΑϹ
- YMAS
- you
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΠΡΟϹΩΠΩ
- PROSŌPŌ
- presence
ΧΥ
- CHY
- of-Anointed-One

2:11

ΙΝΑ
- INA
- so-that
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΠΛΕΟΝΕΚΤΗΘΩΜΕΝ
- PLEONEKTĒTHŌMEN
- we-might-be-taken-advantage-of
ΥΠΟ
- YPO
- by
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- the
ϹΑΤΑΝΑ
- SATANA
- opposer
ΟΥ
- OU
- not
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΑΥΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- his
ΤΑ
- TA
- the
ΝΟΗΜΑΤΑ
- NOĒMATA
- thoughts
ΑΓΝΟΟΥΜΕΝ
- AGNOOUMEN
- we-are-ignorant-of

2:12

ΕΛΘΩΝ
- ELTHŌN
- having-come
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- into
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΤΡΩΑΔΑ
- TRŌADA
- Troas
ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- for
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΟΝ
- EUAGGELION
- good-news
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΧΥ
- CHY
- Anointed-One
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΘΥΡΑϹ
- THYRAS
- [a] door
ΜΟΙ
- MOI
- to-me
ΑΝΕΩΓΜΕΝΗϹ
- ANEŌGMENĒS
- having-been-opened
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΚΩ
- KŌ
- to-Lord

2:13

ΟΥΚ
- OUK
- not
ΕϹΧΗΚΑ
- ESCHĒKA
- I-had
ΑΝΕϹΙΝ
- ANESIN
- relief
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΠΝΙ
- PNI
- breath
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
(ΤΟΥ)
- (TOU)
- (the)
{CA:
- {CA:
- [editor name]
ΤΩ}
- TŌ}
- to-the
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΕΥΡΙΝ
- EURIN
- finding
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ΤΙΤΟΝ
- TITON
- Titus
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΑΔΕΛΦΟΝ
- ADELPHON
- brother
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΑΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΑΠΟΤΑΞΑΜΕΝΟϹ
- APOTAXAMENOS
- having-taken-leave
ΑΥΤΟΙϹ
- AUTOIS
- of-them
ΕΞΗΛΘΟΝ
- EXĒLTHON
- I-went-out
ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- into
ΜΑΚΑΙΔΟΝΙΑΝ
- MAKAIDONIAN
- Macedonia

2:14

ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΘΩ
- THŌ
- to-God
ΧΑΡΙϹ
- CHARIS
- thanks
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΠΑΝΤΟΤΕ
- PANTOTE
- always
ΘΡΙΑΜΒΕΥΟΝΤΙ
- THRIAMBEUONTI
- causing-to-triumph
ΗΜΑϹ
- ĒMAS
- us
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- the
ΧΩ
- CHŌ
- Anointed-One
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΟϹΜΗ
- OSMĒ
- smell
(ΤΗ)
- (TĒ)
- the
{S1:
- {S1:
- [editor name]
ΤΗϹ}
- TĒS}
- of-the
ΓΝΩϹΕΩϹ
- GNŌSEŌS
- knowledge
ΑΥΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- of-him
ΦΑΝΕΡΟΥΝΤΙ
- PHANEROUNTI
- making-known
ΔΙ
- DI
- through
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- us
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΠΑΝΤΙ
- PANTI
- every
ΤΟΠΩ
- TOPŌ
- place

2:15

ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ΧΥ
- CHY
- of-Anointed-One
ΕΥΩΔΙΑ
- EUŌDIA
- fragrance
ΕϹΜΕΝ
- ESMEN
- we-are
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΘΩ
- THŌ
- to-God
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΤΟΙϹ
- TOIS
- the
ϹΩΖΟΜΕΝΟΙϹ
- SŌZOMENOIS
- being-saved
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΤΟΙϹ
- TOIS
- the
ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΕΝΟΙϹ
- APOLLYMENOIS
- perishing
·
- ·

2:16

ΟΙϹ
- OIS
- to-whom
ΜΕΝ
- MEN
- indeed
ΟϹΜΗ
- OSMĒ
- [a] smell
ΕΚ
- EK
- out-of
ΘΑΝΑΤΟΥ
- THANATOU
- death
ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- into
ΘΑΝΑΤΟΝ
- THANATON
- death
·
- ·
ΟΙϹ
- OIS
- to-whom
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΟϹΜΗ
- OSMĒ
- [a] smell
ΕΚ
- EK
- out-of
(ΖΩΗΝ)
- (ZŌĒN)
- (misspelling of) life
{S1:
- {S1:
- [editor name]
ΖΩΗϹ}
- ZŌĒS}
- life
ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- into
ΖΩΗΝ
- ZŌĒN
- life
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΠΡΟϹ
- PROS
- for
ΤΑΥΤΑ
- TAUTA
- these-things
ΤΙϹ
- TIS
- who
ΙΚΑΝΟϹ
- IKANOS
- [is] sufficient

2:17

ΟΥ
- OU
- not
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΕϹΜΕ
- ESME
- we-are
ΩϹ
- ŌS
- as
ΟΙ
- OI
- the-ones
ΠΟΛΛΟΙ
- POLLOI
- many
ΚΑΠΗΛΕΥΟΝΤΕϹ
- KAPĒLEUONTES
- peddling
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΛΟΓΟ
- LOGO
- word
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΘΥ
- THY
- God
ΑΛΛ
- ALL
- but
ΩϹ
- ŌS
- as
ΕΞ
- EX
- out-of
ΙΛΙΚΡΙΝΙΑϹ
- ILIKRINIAS
- sincerity
ΑΛΛ
- ALL
- but
ΩϹ
- ŌS
- as
ΕΚ
- EK
- from
ΘΥ
- THY
- God
(ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ)
- (KATENANTI)
- in-the-presence-of
{CA:
- {CA:
- [editor name]
ΚΑΤΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ
- KATENŌPION
- in-the-presence-of
ΤΟΥ}
- TOU}
- the
ΘΥ
- THY
- God
Ε
- E
- in
ΧΩ
- CHŌ
- Anointed-One
ΛΑΛΟΥΜΕΝ
- LALOUMEN
- we-speak

G1161

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3778

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G3077

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOO-pay

Translations: sorrow, grief, pain, sadness, a sorrow, a grief, a pain, a sadness

Notes: This word refers to a state of emotional distress, sadness, or grief. It can also denote physical pain or affliction. It is commonly used to describe deep emotional suffering or sorrow caused by loss, disappointment, or adverse circumstances.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΝΘΟΣ, ΟΔΥΝΗ, ΣΤΕΝΑΓΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the root λύπη (lupē), meaning 'pain, grief'. It is related to the verb λύω (luō), 'to loosen, release', possibly implying a loosening or breaking of the spirit.

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2064

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EL-thayn

Translations: to come, to go, to arrive

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As an infinitive, it expresses the action of coming or going without specifying a subject or a particular tense relative to the main verb in a sentence. It often functions similarly to 'to come' or 'to go' in English, indicating purpose or result.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΗΚΩ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move' or 'to go'. It is a very common verb in ancient Greek and its various forms are found throughout Greek literature and the New Testament.

G1487, G1488

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: AY

Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be

Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3076

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: loo-POH

Translations: to grieve, to cause pain, to make sad, to distress, to be grieved, to be sad

Notes: This verb means to cause grief, sorrow, or pain to someone, or to be grieved or sad oneself. It can be used transitively, meaning 'to make someone sad,' or intransitively, meaning 'to feel sad.' It describes the emotional state of sorrow or the act of inflicting it.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative or Subjunctive, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΥΝΩ, ΣΤΕΝΑΖΩ, ΘΛΙΒΩ

Etymology: The origin of the word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the concept of 'pain' or 'distress'.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G5101

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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G3076

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: loo-POO-meh-nos

Translations: grieving, being grieved, sorrowing, being sorrowful, distressed, being distressed

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'λυπέω' (lupeō), meaning 'to grieve' or 'to cause pain'. As a participle, it describes someone who is currently experiencing grief, sorrow, or distress, or who is being grieved. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate the state of sorrow or distress.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΕΝΘΩΝ, ΣΚΥΘΡΩΠΟΣ, ΑΘΥΜΩΝ

G1537, G1803

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: eks

Translations: out of, from, by, of, six

Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ

Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.

G1125

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EG-rap-sa

Translations: I wrote, I have written

Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It indicates a completed action in the past, specifically 'I wrote' or 'I have written'. It is used to describe an action of writing that occurred at a specific point in the past.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gerbh- 'to scratch, carve'. The meaning evolved from 'to scratch, engrave' to 'to write'.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OW-toh

Translations: him, it, himself, itself, the same, this, that, of him, of it, to him, to it

Notes: ΑΥΤΟ is an inflected form of the third-person pronoun or demonstrative adjective ΑΥΤΟΣ. As a pronoun, it refers to 'him', 'her', or 'it', depending on gender and number. As an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or 'this/that very one'. It can also be used intensively to emphasize the subject, meaning 'himself' or 'itself'. Its meaning often depends on its position in the sentence relative to the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

G2443

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G3077

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LY-peen

Translations: sorrow, grief, pain, distress, a sorrow, a grief, a pain, a distress

Notes: This word refers to a feeling of deep distress, sadness, or pain, whether emotional or sometimes physical. It is used to describe sorrow, grief, or affliction, often indicating a state of emotional suffering. It can be used in contexts describing the experience of profound sadness or the cause of such sadness.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΔΥΝΗ, ΠΕΝΘΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to be sick, to suffer'.

G2192

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-khoh

Translations: have, hold, possess, keep, be able, be in a certain condition

Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It can also mean 'to possess', 'to keep', or 'to be in a certain state or condition'. It is used in a wide variety of contexts to indicate possession, capability, or a state of being.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to Latin 'habeo' (to have) and English 'have'.

G0575

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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: AF

Translations: from, away from, by, with, of, for, because of, after, since

Notes: This is a prefix or a preposition meaning 'from' or 'away from'. It indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is often used with the genitive case to show the source or origin of something, or the agent by whom something is done. It can also indicate a point in time 'from' which something occurs. When used as a prefix, it often intensifies the meaning of the verb or noun it is attached to, or indicates separation.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix or preposition).

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΑΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- (away, from).

G5599, G3739

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Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G1163

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-dei

Translations: it was necessary, it was proper, it was fitting, one had to, one ought to

Notes: ΕΔΕΙ is the imperfect active indicative form of the impersonal verb ΔΕΙ. It signifies that something was necessary, proper, or fitting in the past. It often implies a moral obligation, a divine necessity, or a logical consequence. It is typically followed by an infinitive or a clause introduced by ἵνα (hina) or ὅπως (hopos).

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΝ, ΠΡΟΣΗΚΕΝ

G5463

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: khai-REIN

Translations: to rejoice, to be glad, to greet, hail

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad'. In ancient Greek letters and documents, it was commonly used as a formal greeting, similar to saying 'Greetings!' or 'Hail!' to the recipient, expressing well-wishing or good health. It can also simply mean 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad' in other contexts.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΙΡΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- 'to desire, to want'. It is related to words meaning 'joy' or 'gladness'.

G3982

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-POY-thohss

Translations: having trusted, trusting, confident, having been persuaded, persuaded

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having trusted' or 'being confident'. It describes someone who has placed their trust or confidence in something or someone, and as a result, is in a state of being persuaded or confident. It is often used to describe a settled state of conviction or reliance.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩΝ, ΘΑΡΡΩΝ, ΕΛΠΙΖΩΝ

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G3754

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G1699

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Part of Speech: Possessive Adjective, Possessive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-MEH

Translations: my, mine, of my, of mine, to my, to mine

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the possessive adjective/pronoun 'ΕΜΟΣ', meaning 'my' or 'mine'. It indicates possession and agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies or replaces. For example, it can mean 'my' when used as an adjective (e.g., 'my house') or 'mine' when used as a pronoun (e.g., 'the house is mine').

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative; or Singular, Feminine, Genitive (contracted from ἐμῆς); or Singular, Feminine, Dative (contracted from ἐμῇ); or Plural, Neuter, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative

Synonyms: ΙΔΙΟΣ

Etymology: This word comes from the Proto-Indo-European pronominal stem *me- (first person singular).

G5479

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-ra

Translations: joy, a joy, gladness, delight

Notes: This word refers to a state of inner gladness, delight, or joy. It is often used to describe a deep-seated happiness that comes from a positive experience or a spiritual blessing. It can be used in sentences like 'He felt great joy' or 'There was much gladness among them.'

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the root χαίρω (chairō), meaning 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad'. It is related to the concept of grace or favor.

G3956

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pan-TOH

Translations: altogether, entirely, by all means, in every way

Notes: This word is an adverb derived from the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. As an adverb, 'παντῶ' means 'altogether' or 'entirely', indicating completeness or totality in an action or state. It can also mean 'by all means' or 'in every way', emphasizing a comprehensive manner.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΛΩΣ, ΠΑΝΤΕΛΩΣ

Etymology: The word 'πᾶς' (pas), from which 'παντῶ' is derived, comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'all' or 'every'.

G1537

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EK

Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.

G2347

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THLIP-seh-ohss

Translations: (of) tribulation, (of) affliction, (of) distress, (of) trouble, (of) pressure, a tribulation, an affliction, a distress, a trouble, a pressure

Notes: This word refers to a state of pressure, distress, or suffering. It denotes a crushing or pressing together, which can be literal or figurative, leading to hardship or trouble. It is often used in the context of difficulties, persecutions, or severe trials faced by individuals or communities.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ, ΠΙΕΣΙΣ, ΔΟΚΙΜΗ

G4928

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soo-NO-khees

Translations: (of) distress, (of) anguish, (of) straits, (of) constraint

Notes: This word refers to a state of being hemmed in, restricted, or pressed together, leading to feelings of distress, anguish, or great anxiety. It describes a situation of being in a tight spot or under severe pressure, often implying emotional or mental suffering.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΛΙΨΙΣ, ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb συνέχω (synechō), meaning 'to hold together, constrain, oppress'. It is formed from the prefix σύν (syn), meaning 'with, together', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have, hold'.

G2588

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-DEE-as

Translations: of heart, of a heart, of mind, of soul, of inner self, of conscience, of courage, of will

Notes: This word refers to the physical heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used to denote the inner person, the seat of spiritual and moral life. For example, it can refer to the core of one's beliefs or the source of one's intentions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OOKH

Translations: no, not, never, by no means

Notes: This word is a negative adverb used to express absolute negation. It is typically used before a vowel with a rough breathing mark (like 'ουχί' or 'οὐχ') or before a consonant with a smooth breathing mark (like 'οὐκ'). It denies a statement or fact, indicating that something is not true or does not exist. It can be used to negate verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΚ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂u- meaning 'not'. It is an ancient Greek negative particle.

G0235

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, nevertheless, however, indeed

Notes: This word is primarily a conjunction used to introduce a contrast or opposition to what has just been stated. It can often be translated as 'but' or 'yet'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'on the contrary' or 'indeed', emphasizing a preceding statement or introducing a strong affirmation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ

Etymology: From the neuter plural of the adjective ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other'. It developed into a conjunction indicating distinction or opposition.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G3588, G3739

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Part of Speech: Article, Pronoun, Numeral

Sounds like: HAY

Translations: the, who, which, what, that, she, a, an, 8

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation, indicated by the overline. It most commonly represents the feminine nominative singular definite article 'ἡ' (he), meaning 'the' or 'a/an'. It can also represent the feminine nominative singular relative pronoun 'ἥ' (he), meaning 'who', 'which', or 'that'. Additionally, 'Η' (eta) can function as the numeral 8 in the Greek numbering system. The context of the sentence is crucial for determining the correct meaning.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine (for article/pronoun); Does not inflect (for numeral)

G1519, G1520

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G3076

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: leh-ly-PEE-keh

Translations: has grieved, has caused sorrow, has distressed, has saddened

Notes: This word is the perfect active indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'λυπέω' (lypeō), meaning 'to grieve,' 'to cause sorrow,' or 'to distress.' It describes an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results or a continuing state in the present. It indicates that someone has caused emotional pain or sorrow to another.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΘΛΙΒΩ, ΣΤΕΝΑΖΩ, ΟΔΥΝΑΩ

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.

G0575

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G5108

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: toy-OO-toh

Translations: (to) such, (to) such a one, (to) such a kind, (by) such, (by) such a one, (by) such a kind

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to describe a person or thing that is of the nature or quality previously mentioned or implied. As an adjective, it agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. In this dative singular form, it can indicate the indirect object ('to such a one') or an instrument/means ('by such a one').

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣΔΕ, ΟΙΟΣ

G2009

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-tee-MEE-ah

Translations: punishment, penalty, censure, rebuke, a punishment, a penalty

Notes: This word refers to a punishment, penalty, or censure. It implies a formal rebuke or a disciplinary measure imposed on someone for wrongdoing. It is often used in contexts of church discipline or legal consequences.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΣΙΣ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑ, ΖΗΜΙΑ

Etymology: Derived from the verb ἐπιτιμάω (epitimáō, "to rebuke, censure"), which is formed from ἐπί (epí, "upon, over") and τιμάω (timáō, "to honor, value"). The sense evolved from 'to put a value upon' to 'to assess a penalty' or 'to rebuke'.

G5259

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G5620

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: HOH-steh

Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.

G1727

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: too-nan-TEE-on

Translations: on the contrary, on the other hand, quite the opposite

Notes: This word is a crasis (contraction) of the neuter definite article 'το' (to) and the adjective/adverb 'ἐναντίον' (enantion), meaning 'opposite' or 'contrary'. As an adverb, it is used to express a strong contrast or opposition to what has just been stated, emphasizing that the opposite is true or should be done. It functions similarly to English phrases like 'on the contrary' or 'quite the opposite'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial use of a neuter adjective)

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΔΕ

G3123

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

G3870

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-ka-LEH-sai

Translations: to call to one's side, to exhort, to comfort, to encourage, to entreat, to appeal, to beseech, to implore

Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive form of the verb 'παρακαλέω'. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (beside, alongside) and 'καλέω' (to call). Its core meaning is to call someone to one's side, which then extends to various nuances depending on the context. It can mean to urge or exhort someone to action, to comfort or encourage them, or to entreat or appeal to them for something. It is often used to describe a plea or a strong request.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΡΕΠΩ, ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word 'παρακαλέω' is derived from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. It literally means 'to call alongside' or 'to call to one's side'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G4053

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: peh-ris-SO-teh-rah

Translations: more, greater, more abundant, more things, greater things

Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'περισσός' (perissos), meaning 'exceeding' or 'superabundant'. As a comparative, 'περισσότερα' means 'more' or 'greater'. It is often used to indicate a larger quantity, degree, or intensity of something. For example, it can be used in phrases like 'more good things' or 'greater glory'.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΜΕΙΖΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'περισσός' (perissos) comes from 'περί' (peri), meaning 'around' or 'exceeding'. It refers to that which is beyond the usual measure or number, hence 'superabundant' or 'excessive'.

G2666

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-po-THAY

Translations: to be swallowed up, to be devoured, to be overwhelmed, to be engulfed

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'καταπίνω' (katapinō), meaning 'to swallow down' or 'to devour'. In this form, it indicates a passive action, meaning 'to be swallowed up' or 'to be devoured'. It describes something being completely consumed or overwhelmed, often by a larger force or entity. For example, a ship might be swallowed up by the sea, or a person might be overwhelmed by sorrow.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Passive Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΙΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΝΕΤΑΙ

G5108

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: toy-OO-tos

Translations: such, such a, such a kind, such a one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to refer to something or someone previously mentioned or implied, indicating their nature or quality. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, standing in for a noun (e.g., 'such a one').

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Singular or Plural; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It inflects to agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case.

Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun οὗτος (houtos, "this") and the correlative pronoun οἷος (hoios, "such as"). It literally means "this kind of".

G1352

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: DEE-oh

Translations: therefore, wherefore, for this reason, on account of which

Notes: This is a compound conjunction formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'. It is used to introduce a consequence or conclusion, indicating that what follows is a result of what has just been stated. It functions similarly to 'therefore' or 'for this reason' in English.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G1097

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GNO

Translations: know, perceive, understand, learn, recognize

Notes: This is the root or stem of the verb 'to know' in Koine Greek. It signifies the act of gaining knowledge, understanding, or becoming acquainted with something or someone. It is used to form various tenses and moods of the verb, such as 'I know,' 'he knew,' or 'they will know.'

Inflection: Verb stem; does not inflect on its own but forms the basis for inflected forms.

Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- ('to know'). It is related to English 'know' and Latin 'gnoscere'.

G5101

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G5483

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: keh-kha-RIS-mai

Translations: I have been graced, I have been favored, I have been given grace, I have been freely given

Notes: This word is the first person singular, perfect passive indicative form of the verb ΧΑΡΙΖΩ (charizō). It means 'I have been shown favor' or 'I have been freely given'. The perfect tense indicates a completed action with ongoing results, so it describes a state of having received grace or favor that continues into the present. It implies a divine or benevolent act of bestowing something freely and graciously.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Perfect, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΕΔΩΡΗΜΑΙ, ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΗΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΡΙΖΩ (charizō) comes from the noun ΧΑΡΙΣ (charis), meaning 'grace' or 'favor'. It is related to the concept of a gift freely given.

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G4383

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-SO-po

Translations: (to) face, (to) presence, (to) person, (to) appearance, (to) countenance, (to) a face, (to) a presence, (to) a person, (to) an appearance, (to) a countenance

Notes: This word refers to the face, countenance, or appearance of a person. It can also be used to denote someone's presence or even the person themselves. In a broader sense, it can refer to the external aspect or surface of something. It is often used in contexts describing interaction or confrontation.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

G4122

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pleh-oh-nek-tee-THOH-men

Translations: let us be taken advantage of, let us be defrauded, let us be exploited, let us be overreached

Notes: This word describes the action of being taken advantage of, defrauded, or exploited by someone. It is used to express a warning or a desire that one should not suffer such an injustice. It is a compound word formed from 'πλέον' (more) and 'ἔχω' (to have), originally meaning 'to have more' or 'to gain an advantage', but in the passive voice, it means to be the victim of someone else's desire to have more.

Inflection: First Person, Plural, Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΑΔΙΚΗΘΩΜΕΝ, ΑΠΑΤΗΘΩΜΕΝ

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3756, G3757

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G0050

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ag-no-OO-men

Translations: we are ignorant, we do not know, we are unaware, we ignore

Notes: This word means to be ignorant of something, to not know, or to be unaware. It implies a lack of knowledge or understanding. It can also mean to ignore or disregard something due to a lack of awareness or understanding. In the provided examples, it is used to express a state of not knowing or being unaware of certain things.

Inflection: First Person, Plural, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: From the prefix 'α-' (alpha privative, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'νοέω' (NOEO), meaning 'to perceive, to understand, to think'. Thus, it literally means 'not to perceive' or 'not to understand'.

G2064

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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: el-THOHN

Translations: having come, when he came, after coming, coming

Notes: ΕΛΘΩΝ is the aorist active participle of the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed relative to the main verb of the sentence. It often functions adverbially, indicating the time or manner of the main action, such as 'having come' or 'after he came'. It can also function adjectivally, describing a noun.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΗΚΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G2098

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-ang-GEL-ee-on

Translations: gospel, good news, a gospel, a good news

Notes: This word is a compound noun meaning 'good news' or 'gospel'. It refers to a message of good tidings, particularly in the New Testament, the message of salvation through Jesus Christ. It is often used to refer to the Christian message itself or one of the four books that tell the story of Jesus' life and teachings.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΓΜΑ, ΛΟΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΟΝ is a compound of two Greek words: εὖ (eu), meaning 'good' or 'well', and ἀγγελία (angelia), meaning 'message' or 'announcement'. Thus, it literally means 'good message' or 'good announcement'.

G2374

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thoo-RAS

Translations: of a door, of a gate, doors, gates

Notes: This word refers to a door, gate, or entrance, which is an opening in a wall or fence that allows passage. It can also refer to the opportunity or access provided by such an opening. In a sentence, it would typically be used to indicate the place of entry or exit.

Inflection: Feminine, Genitive Singular or Accusative Plural

Synonyms: ΠΥΛΗ, ΕΙΣΟΔΟΣ

Etymology: The word "ΘΥΡΑ" comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a door or gate. It is related to words for door in other Indo-European languages.

G2192

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-khee-ka

Translations: I have, I have had, I possess, I hold

Notes: This is the first person singular, perfect active indicative form of the verb 'ΕΧΩ' (echo), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. The perfect tense indicates a completed action with continuing results in the present. Therefore, 'ΕΣΧΗΚΑ' means 'I have had' or 'I have and continue to possess'. It describes a state of possession or a completed action of having that is still relevant.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ΕΧΩ' (echo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to have'). It is a fundamental verb in Greek, indicating possession or state.

G0425

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AH-neh-sin

Translations: relief, relaxation, rest, ease, a letting down, remission

Notes: This word refers to a state of relief, relaxation, or rest, often implying a cessation of effort, tension, or suffering. It can also denote a 'letting down' or 'remission,' such as a release from bondage or a temporary respite from pressure. It describes a period of ease or comfort after difficulty or strain.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΠΑΥΣΙΣ, ΑΝΑΣΙΣ, ΑΝΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΝΕΣΙΣ (anesis) comes from the verb ΑΝΙΗΜΙ (aniemi), meaning 'to send up, let go, relax.' It is formed from the prefix ΑΝΑ- (ana-), meaning 'up' or 'back,' and the verb ΙΗΜΙ (hiemi), meaning 'to send' or 'to let go.'

G4151

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEV-mah-tee

Translations: (to) Spirit, (to) spirit, (to) wind, (to) breath

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΠΝΕΥΜΑΤΙ (PNEUMATI), the dative singular form of ΠΝΕΥΜΑ (PNEUMA). It refers to spirit, wind, or breath. In a theological context, it often refers to the Holy Spirit. As a dative case, it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done, often translated with 'to' or 'by/in' depending on context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΝΟΗ, ΑΝΕΜΟΣ

G2147

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-REE-ne

Translations: to find, to discover, to obtain, to learn, to perceive, to acquire

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'εὑρίσκω' (heuriskō), meaning 'to find' or 'to discover'. It describes the action of finding or coming upon something, often implying a search or an unexpected discovery. It can also mean to obtain something, to learn something, or to perceive something. In a sentence, it functions as a verbal noun, often completing the meaning of another verb or expressing purpose.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'εὑρίσκω' (heuriskō) comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to find' or 'to discover'. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G0080

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FON

Translations: brother, a brother, fellow man, a fellow man

Notes: This word refers to a male sibling, a brother. It can also be used more broadly to refer to a fellow human being, a countryman, or a member of the same community or faith. It is a masculine noun and is used here in the singular accusative case, typically functioning as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΣ, ΣΥΝΤΡΟΦΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix 'α-' (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and 'δελφύς' (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

G0657

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-TAX-ah-meh-nos

Translations: having taken leave, having renounced, having said farewell, having bid farewell, having separated oneself, having given up

Notes: This word is the aorist middle participle of the verb ἀποτάσσω (apotassō), meaning to separate oneself from, to take leave of, or to renounce. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, emphasizing their personal involvement in the act of separation or renunciation.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΦΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, "from, away from") and τάσσω (tassō, "to arrange, to order"). The combination implies arranging oneself away from something or someone.

G3110

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: mah-keh-doh-NEE-ahn

Translations: Macedonia

Notes: This is the name of a region in ancient Greece, located north of Thessaly. It is often referred to in the New Testament as a place visited by apostles or where churches were established. In this form, it indicates the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition indicating motion towards or through.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Macedonia' is of ancient Greek origin, likely derived from the word 'μακεδνός' (makednós), meaning 'tall' or 'highlander', possibly referring to the inhabitants or the mountainous nature of the region.

G5485

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-rees

Translations: grace, a grace, favor, a favor, kindness, a kindness, thanks, gratitude, charm, a charm, delight, a delight

Notes: This word is a feminine noun that generally refers to grace, favor, or kindness. It can also mean thanks or gratitude, especially in expressions like 'to give thanks'. In some contexts, it can refer to charm or delight. It is often used to describe divine favor or unmerited divine assistance given to humans.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ, ΕΛΕΟΣ, ΔΩΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- ('to desire, to like'). In ancient Greek, it developed to mean 'that which delights' or 'favor'.

G2358

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: three-am-BEV-on-tee

Translations: triumphing, leading in triumph, celebrating a triumph

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'thriambeuo', meaning to lead in a triumphal procession or to celebrate a triumph. It describes someone who is actively engaged in a victory parade, often implying a public display of success or conquest. In some contexts, it can also mean to cause someone else to triumph or to be led in triumph.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine or Neuter, Dative

Synonyms: ΝΙΚΩΝΤΙ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΙ

G5561

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHO-ras

Translations: country, a country, land, a land, region, a region, place, a place, field, a field, (of) country, (of) land, (of) region, (of) place, (of) field

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the noun 'ΧΩΡΑ' (chora), meaning 'country,' 'land,' 'region,' 'place,' or 'field.' It refers to a specific geographical area or territory. In the provided context, it appears in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of a country' or 'from a country.'

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΗ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G5319

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: fah-neh-ROO-tee

Translations: making manifest, revealing, showing, disclosing, making known

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'making manifest' or 'revealing'. It describes an ongoing action of making something visible or known. It is often used to describe God or Christ revealing truths or their nature to humanity.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Dative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: From φανερός (phaneros), meaning 'visible, manifest', which comes from φαίνω (phainō), meaning 'to shine, appear'.

G2175

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-oh-DEE-ah

Translations: fragrance, sweet smell, aroma, a sweet aroma

Notes: This word refers to a sweet smell or fragrance, often used in a metaphorical sense to describe something pleasing or acceptable, especially to God. It can denote a spiritual offering or act that is pleasing, like a sacrifice or good deeds. It is a compound word formed from 'ευ' (good, well) and 'οσμη' (smell, odor).

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΣΜΗ, ΑΡΩΜΑ

Etymology: Derived from the Greek prefix 'ευ' (eu), meaning 'good' or 'well', and 'οσμη' (osmē), meaning 'smell' or 'odor'. It literally means 'a good smell' or 'a sweet odor'.

G0622

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-pol-LYOO-meh-noys

Translations: perishing, being destroyed, those who are perishing, those who are being destroyed

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'apollumi', meaning 'to destroy' or 'to perish'. In the middle voice, it often means 'to perish' or 'to be lost', emphasizing the subject's involvement in the action or the effect on the subject. In the passive voice, it means 'to be destroyed' or 'to be ruined'. As a participle, it functions adjectivally, describing someone or something that is in the process of perishing or being destroyed. It can also be used substantively to refer to 'those who are perishing' or 'those who are being destroyed'.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Dative Case, Plural Number, Masculine or Neuter Gender

Synonyms: APOLLUMENOIS, OLLEIS

G3739

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G3303

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G3744

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: os-MEE

Translations: odor, a smell, a fragrance, a savor, a stench

Notes: This word refers to a smell or odor, which can be either pleasant (fragrance, savor) or unpleasant (stench). It is often used metaphorically in the New Testament to describe something that is pleasing or displeasing to God, like a sacrifice or a person's conduct.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΩΔΙΑ, ΟΔΜΗ

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣΜΗ' (osmē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ed- ('to smell'). It is related to the verb 'ὄζω' (ozō), meaning 'to smell' or 'to emit an odor'.

G2425

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ee-ka-NOS

Translations: sufficient, adequate, competent, able, worthy, enough, a lot, many

Notes: This word describes something or someone as being sufficient, adequate, or competent for a particular purpose or task. It can refer to a quantity that is enough, or a person who is capable or worthy. It is often used to express that something is ample or abundant.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΡΚΕΤΟΣ, ΑΞΙΟΣ, ΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb ἱκάνω (hikanō), meaning 'to reach, to arrive, to suffice'.

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2585

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-pee-LEH-oo-on-tes

Translations: peddling, corrupting, making merchandise of, huckstering, trafficking

Notes: This word describes the act of engaging in petty trade or huckstering, often with the implication of dishonesty, adulteration, or exploiting something for personal gain. It suggests making a profit from something that should not be commercialized, such as a sacred message, by corrupting or diluting its original form for personal advantage.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΟΛΟΩ, ΚΕΡΔΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΠΗΛΕΥΩ (kapēleúō) is derived from the noun κάπηλος (kápēlos), meaning 'retailer' or 'huckster'. It refers to the activity of such a person, often implying a negative connotation of dishonesty or adulteration in trade.

G3056

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-go

Translations: word, a word, speech, a speech, account, an account, reason, a reason, message, a message, saying, a saying

Notes: This is a fundamental Koine Greek noun with a broad range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, a divine utterance, a report, an account, or even the underlying reason or principle behind something. In philosophical and theological contexts, it can refer to divine reason or the Word of God. It is used in various contexts to convey communication, thought, or a logical concept.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Neuter (stem form)

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ, ΦΩΝΗ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *leg- meaning 'to collect, gather', which developed into meanings related to speaking and reasoning in Greek.

G2316

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: theh-OO

Translations: of God, of a God

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for the word ΘΕΟΥ (Theou), meaning 'of God'. It is used to refer to the divine being, God, in the genitive case. In ancient Greek texts, nomina sacra were common contractions for frequently used sacred names and titles, indicating reverence and saving space. This form would typically be used in phrases like 'the house of God' or 'the power of God'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do, to place, to set', or possibly 'to shine'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for a deity or god.

G0235

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, however, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a contrast, an exception, or an emphasis. It often translates to 'but' or 'yet' when contrasting two ideas, or 'rather' when correcting a previous statement. It can also be used to add emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is an indeclinable particle.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G2713

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: kah-teh-NAN-tee

Translations: opposite, before, in front of, over against, in the presence of

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a preposition, indicating a position directly facing or opposite to something or someone. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. It describes being in the presence of, or confronting, another entity.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΑΠΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΑΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the adverb ΕΝΑΝΤΙ (enanti), meaning 'opposite' or 'before'.

G2714

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: kah-teh-NO-pee-on

Translations: before, in the presence of, in the sight of

Notes: This word is a compound adverb meaning 'in the presence of' or 'before'. It is used to indicate a position or state of being directly in front of someone or something, often implying observation or accountability. It combines the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', with 'ἐνώπιον' (enopion), meaning 'in the sight of' or 'before'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ

Etymology: ΚΑΤΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and the adverb ΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ (enopion), meaning 'in the sight of' or 'before'. ΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ itself is derived from ΕΝ (en), meaning 'in', and ΩΨ (ops), meaning 'face' or 'eye'.

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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Particle

Sounds like: EP-see-lon (as a letter name), eh (as a sound)

Translations: E, 5, if, then, indeed

Notes: This is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, epsilon. It can represent the number 5. As a standalone word, 'Ε' is not typically found in Koine Greek texts. It is highly probable that 'Ε' in the provided context is a typographical error or an abbreviation for a word like 'εἰ' (if) or 'ἐν' (in). If it were 'εἰ', it would function as a conditional particle meaning 'if'. If it were 'ἐν', it would be a preposition meaning 'in' or 'among'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or numeral). As a particle, it does not inflect.

Etymology: The letter Epsilon (Ε) is derived from the Phoenician letter He. Its name 'epsilon' means 'simple E' to distinguish it from the diphthong 'αι' (ai), which had come to be pronounced the same way.

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