Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Codex Sinaiticus / Romans / Chapter 16Romans, Chapter 16
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16:24
The manuscript does not contain this verse.
G4921
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-IS-tay-mee
Translations: commend, introduce, prove, establish, stand with, bring together, present, show, demonstrate
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (with, together) and the verb ἵστημι (to stand, to set). It means to bring together, to stand with, or to set up. Depending on the context, it can mean to commend or introduce someone, to prove or demonstrate something, or to establish or constitute something. It implies bringing something or someone into a particular relationship or state.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ
Etymology: From the Greek preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to set'. The combination implies bringing things or people together or causing them to stand together.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G5213
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MEE
Translations: (to) you, (for) you
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the second person plural pronoun, meaning 'you'. Specifically, it is the dative case, indicating the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action. It can be translated as 'to you' or 'for you' depending on the context. It is used when 'you' are the beneficiary or the one to whom something is given or done.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
G5477
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: FOY-bain
Translations: Phoebe
Notes: This is a proper noun, the name of a woman mentioned in the New Testament. Phoebe was a deaconess of the church in Cenchreae, known for her service and assistance to many, including Paul. As a proper noun, it refers specifically to this individual.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: From a Greek word meaning 'bright' or 'radiant'. It was a common name in antiquity, also associated with the Greek goddess Artemis (who was sometimes called Phoebe).
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FEN
Translations: sister, a sister
Notes: This word is a noun referring to a female sibling, a sister. It is used to denote a woman who shares the same parents as another person, or metaphorically, a fellow Christian woman. In this form, it functions as the direct object of a verb or preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix 'α-' (a-), meaning 'same' or 'together', and 'δελφύς' (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: OO-sah
Translations: being, existing, a being
Notes: This word is a feminine, singular, nominative participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes a state of existence or being, often functioning like an adjective or a subordinate clause. For example, it can mean 'she who is being' or simply 'being' when referring to a feminine subject.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G1249
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-AH-koh-non
Translations: deacon, a deacon, servant, a servant, minister, a minister
Notes: This word refers to a servant, minister, or deacon. It describes someone who performs service, either in a general sense or specifically in a religious or official capacity. It is a compound word, combining 'διά' (through, by means of) and 'κόνις' (dust, implying haste or diligence in service).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΟΣ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΗΣ, ΘΕΡΑΠΩΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G1577
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ek-klee-SEE-as
Translations: of the church, of an assembly, of the congregation, churches, assemblies, congregations
Notes: This word refers to a gathering of people, an assembly, or a congregation. In the New Testament, it often refers to the Christian church, either a local gathering of believers or the universal body of believers. It can also refer to a secular assembly or a mob. The form 'ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣ' can be either the genitive singular (indicating possession or origin, 'of the church') or the accusative plural (indicating the direct object, 'churches').
Inflection: Singular, Genitive or Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΗ, ΟΜΙΛΙΑ, ΣΥΝΟΔΟΣ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EN
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.
G5530
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: keh-KHRAI-ais
Translations: (to) have used, (to) have employed, (to) have dealt with, (to) have associated with
Notes: This word is the perfect active participle of the verb 'χράομαι' (chraomai), meaning 'to use, employ, deal with, or associate with'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed and has ongoing relevance. In this dative plural form, it would typically modify a noun or pronoun in the dative case, indicating 'to/for those who have used' or 'by means of those who have used'. It implies a state resulting from a past action.
Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Dative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΙΜΕΥΩ, ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΕΩ
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEN
Translations: her, it, herself, itself
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΑΥΤΗΝ (autēn), which is the accusative singular feminine form of the pronoun ΑΥΤΟΣ (autos). It typically means 'her' or 'it' when referring to a feminine noun. It can also be used reflexively to mean 'herself' or 'itself'. In a sentence, it functions as the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G4327
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-DEK-seh-stheh
Translations: receive, welcome, expect, wait for
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros, meaning 'to, toward') and the verb ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ (dechomai, meaning 'to receive, accept'). It means to receive someone or something, to welcome them, or to expect or wait for something. It implies an active and often eager reception or anticipation.
Inflection: 2nd Person, Plural, Aorist, Middle Voice, Subjunctive Mood
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-oh
Translations: (to) the Lord, (to) a Lord
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΩ (Kyrio), which means 'Lord' or 'Master'. It is used in the dative case, indicating the recipient or indirect object of an action. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'to the Lord' or 'for the Lord'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
G0001
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AX-ee-ohs
Translations: worthily, suitably, appropriately, in a manner worthy
Notes: This word is an adverb derived from the adjective 'ΑΞΙΟΣ' (axios), meaning 'worthy'. It describes an action performed in a manner that is fitting, appropriate, or deserving of the circumstances or the person involved. It indicates that something is done in a way that corresponds to its true value or importance.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΕΠΟΝΤΩΣ, ΕΥΛΟΓΩΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G0040
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: hah-GHEE-ohn
Translations: of holy ones, of saints, of holy things
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'hagios', meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. When used substantively, it refers to 'holy ones' or 'saints'. It describes something belonging to or associated with those who are set apart for God or dedicated to a sacred purpose. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin, such as 'the words of the holy ones' or 'the temple of holy things'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΩΝ, ΟΣΙΩΝ, ΚΑΘΑΡΩΝ
G3936
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pah-rah-STAY-teh
Translations: stand by, present yourselves, help, assist, support
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para, 'beside') and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi, 'to stand'). In this form, it is an imperative, meaning 'stand by' or 'present yourselves'. It conveys the idea of being present to assist, support, or offer help to someone.
Inflection: 2nd Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Imperative
Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΕΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΙΣΤΗΜΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OW-tay
Translations: she, her, it, this, that, the same
Notes: This word is a pronoun, specifically the feminine nominative singular form of 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'she', 'her', or 'it', or as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. When used intensively, it can mean 'the same' or 'herself'. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it refers to.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΗ
G5599, G3739
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Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)
Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever
Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)
Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AN
Translations: if, perhaps, whatever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, as soon as, until, before
Notes: This word is a conditional particle used to express possibility, contingency, or indefiniteness. It is often used with the subjunctive mood to form conditional clauses, indicating that an action or state is dependent on a certain condition. It can also be combined with other words to form indefinite relative pronouns or adverbs, such as 'whoever', 'whatever', or 'whenever'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΟΤΑΝ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The particle 'an' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en- meaning 'on, at'. It is an ancient Greek particle that has been used since classical times.
G5216
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MOHN
Translations: (of) you, your
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the second-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of you' or 'your' when referring to multiple people. It indicates possession, origin, or relationship concerning a group of people being addressed. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of you' (your house) or 'from among you'.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Genitive
G5535
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KHRAY-zay
Translations: needs, has need of, requires
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to need' or 'to have need of'. It describes a state of requiring something or someone. It is often used with a genitive case object to indicate what is needed.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΧΩ ΧΡΕΙΑΝ
Etymology: The word ΧΡῄΖΩ is derived from the noun χρεία (chreia), meaning 'need' or 'use'. It signifies the act of being in need or having a requirement.
G4229
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRAG-mah-tee
Translations: (to) matter, (to) thing, (to) affair, (to) deed, (to) business, (to) event, (to) fact
Notes: This word refers to a matter, thing, affair, or deed. It can denote something that is done, an event, or a concrete reality. In the dative case, as seen here, it often indicates the recipient or the instrument, translating to 'to/for a matter/thing' or 'by/with a matter/thing', depending on context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΧΡΗΜΑ, ΥΠΟΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΝ
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G4301
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pros-TAH-tis
Translations: patroness, a patroness, protectress, a protectress, helper, a helper, succorer, a succorer
Notes: This word refers to a female patron, protectress, or helper. It describes someone who stands before others, offering aid, support, or leadership. It is the feminine form of the word 'ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ' (prostátēs), meaning 'patron' or 'leader'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΙΣ' is derived from the verb 'ΠΡΟΙΣΤΗΜΙ' (proístēmi), meaning 'to stand before', 'to preside over', or 'to protect'. It is the feminine form of 'ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ' (prostátēs).
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: pol-LOH
Translations: much, many, great, a great deal, by much, by a great deal, greatly, often, frequently
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, it describes a large quantity or number. For example, it could mean 'many people' or 'much water'. When used adverbially, it means 'by much' or 'greatly', indicating a significant degree or frequency, such as 'much more' or 'often'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter; or Adverbial Dative
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΣ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-geh-NEE-thee
Translations: was born, became, happened, came to pass, was made, occurred
Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist indicative passive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies something coming into existence, being born, becoming, happening, or occurring. It is used to describe events that took place in the past, often emphasizing the result or outcome of an action or process.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΑΩ, ΓΙΓΝΟΜΑΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: of him, of it, his, its, of himself, of itself, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun, a possessive pronoun, or an intensive/reflexive pronoun. In the genitive case, as seen here, it typically means 'of him' or 'of it' when referring to a third person, or 'his' or 'its' to indicate possession. It can also be used for emphasis, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', especially when preceding the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOO
Translations: (of) me, my, mine
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the first-person pronoun, meaning 'I'. It indicates possession or origin, similar to 'of me' or 'my' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the speaker or comes from the speaker.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, First Person
G0782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: as-pa-SAS-thai
Translations: to greet, to salute, to welcome, to embrace, to bid farewell, to take leave of
Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive form of the verb 'aspazomai'. It means to greet or salute someone, often with a gesture of affection like an embrace. It can also be used in the context of bidding farewell or taking leave of someone.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΕΤΙΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
G4251
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: PRIS-kah
Translations: Prisca
Notes: This is a proper name, specifically the name of a woman. In the New Testament, Prisca (often called Priscilla) is a prominent figure, a Jewish Christian who, along with her husband Aquila, was a fellow worker with Paul. She is known for her hospitality and for teaching Apollos more accurately about the way of God.
Inflection: Nominative or Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Etymology: The name Prisca is of Latin origin, meaning 'ancient' or 'venerable'. It is the feminine form of the Roman family name Priscus.
G0207
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-KOO-lan
Translations: Aquila
Notes: Aquila is a proper noun, referring to a specific individual. In the New Testament, Aquila is a Jewish Christian, a tentmaker by trade, who, along with his wife Priscilla, was a significant figure in the early Christian church, often mentioned as a companion and fellow worker of Paul.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G4900
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soon-er-GOHS
Translations: fellow worker, co-worker, helper, assistant, a fellow worker, a co-worker, a helper, an assistant
Notes: This word refers to someone who works together with another person or group, a collaborator or an associate. It emphasizes the idea of joint effort and cooperation towards a common goal. It is often used to describe colleagues or partners in a shared task or ministry.
Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Plural, Accusative
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΑΤΗΣ, ΒΟΗΘΟΣ
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G5547
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: khree-STOH
Translations: (to) Christ, (in) Christ
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation (a nomina sacra) for ΧΡΙΣΤΩ (Christos), meaning 'Christ'. It is the dative singular form of the noun 'Christ', often used in phrases like 'in Christ' or 'to Christ' to indicate a relationship or state of being connected to Christ.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
G2424
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-ay-SOO
Translations: of Jesus
Notes: This word is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ἸΗΣΟΥ (Iesou), which is the genitive form of the name Jesus. It refers to Jesus Christ, the central figure of Christianity. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession or relationship, often translated as 'of Jesus' or 'Jesus''.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G3748
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee-nes
Translations: whoever, whosoever, those who, which
Notes: ΟΙΤΙΝΕΣ is a compound relative pronoun, formed from the definite article and the indefinite pronoun. It refers to a general or indefinite group of people or things, meaning 'whoever' or 'those who'. It is used to introduce a clause that provides additional information about a preceding noun, often implying a characteristic or quality of the group.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙ, ΤΙΝΕΣ
G5228
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-PER
Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than
Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.
G5590
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: psy-KHES
Translations: of soul, of a soul, of life, of a life, of mind, of a mind, of self, of a self
Notes: This word refers to the soul, life, mind, or self. It can denote the vital breath, the seat of emotions and intellect, or the individual person. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΝΟΥΣ
Etymology: The word ΨΥΧΗ (psyche) originates from the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow'. This connection highlights its primary meaning related to the breath of life.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G1438
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ow-TON
Translations: (of) themselves, their own
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action or possession relates to the subject itself. It is used to emphasize that the subject is acting upon or possessing something related to itself, rather than someone or something else.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
G5137
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TRA-khee-LON
Translations: neck, a neck
Notes: This word refers to the neck, the part of the body connecting the head to the torso. It can be used literally to describe the physical neck, but it is also frequently used metaphorically in expressions related to submission, burden, or stubbornness, such as 'to put a yoke on the neck' or 'to stiffen the neck'.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
G5295
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-pe-THE-kan
Translations: they laid down, they put under, they pledged, they suggested, they proposed
Notes: This is the third-person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb ὑποτίθημι (hypotithēmi), meaning 'to lay down under,' 'to put under,' 'to pledge,' or 'to suggest/propose.' It describes an action completed in the past by a group of people. For example, it can refer to physically placing something beneath another object, or metaphorically pledging one's life or suggesting an idea.
Inflection: Third-person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΘΗΚΑΝ, ΕΒΑΛΟΝ, ΠΑΡΕΘΗΚΑΝ
G3739
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OYS
Translations: to whom, to which, to what
Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: This is a first-person singular pronoun, meaning 'I' or 'me'. It is used when the speaker is referring to themselves as the subject of a verb (nominative case). It can also be used for emphasis.
Inflection: First person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a common first-person pronoun found across many Indo-European languages.
G3441
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MOH-nos
Translations: only, alone, single, a single one
Notes: This word describes something as being unique, solitary, or singular. It emphasizes exclusivity, meaning 'one and no other'. It can be used to describe a person, object, or concept that stands by itself or is the sole instance of something. For example, it can refer to someone being 'alone' or 'the only one' of a kind.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular. This word inflects for gender, number, and case (e.g., feminine ΜΟΝΗ, neuter ΜΟΝΟΝ, plural ΜΟΝΟΙ).
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ, ΕΙΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *mon- (to remain, stay). It is related to the idea of being fixed or standing alone.
G2168
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-khah-ris-TOH
Translations: I thank, I give thanks, I am thankful
Notes: This verb means 'to thank' or 'to give thanks'. It expresses gratitude or appreciation. It is commonly used to acknowledge a favor, a gift, or an act of kindness. In Koine Greek, it is often followed by a dative case to indicate the person being thanked, or by 'peri' or 'hyper' with the genitive to indicate the reason for thanks.
Inflection: First person singular, present indicative, active voice
Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΕΩ, ΑΙΝΕΩ
Etymology: From the Greek words 'eu' (good, well) and 'charis' (grace, favor, thanks). Thus, it literally means 'to show good grace' or 'to give good thanks'.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, nevertheless, however, indeed
Notes: This word is primarily a conjunction used to introduce a contrast or opposition to what has just been stated. It can often be translated as 'but' or 'yet'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'on the contrary' or 'indeed', emphasizing a preceding statement or introducing a strong affirmation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ
Etymology: From the neuter plural of the adjective ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other'. It developed into a conjunction indicating distinction or opposition.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sai
Translations: all, every, whole, all things, every one, all people, all women
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or entirety of something. It can be used with nouns to specify that all members of a group are included, or it can stand alone as a pronoun meaning 'everyone' or 'everything'. In this form, it refers to a plural feminine group.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral
Sounds like: AI
Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11
Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)
Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.
G1577
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ek-klee-SEE-ai
Translations: churches, assemblies, congregations
Notes: This word refers to a gathering or assembly of people, often with a specific purpose. In the New Testament, it commonly denotes a Christian congregation or the universal body of believers, hence 'church'. It can also refer to a secular assembly or gathering of citizens.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΑΙ, ΟΜΙΛΙΑΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-nohn
Translations: of nations, of Gentiles, of peoples
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'ἔθνος' (ethnos), meaning 'nation', 'people', or 'Gentile'. It refers to a group of people united by common descent, language, or culture. In the New Testament, it often specifically refers to non-Jewish peoples, commonly translated as 'Gentiles'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΩΝ, ΓΕΝΩΝ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition
Sounds like: KAT
Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during
Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.
G3624
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OY-kon
Translations: house, home, household, temple, dwelling
Notes: This word refers to a house, a dwelling place, or a household, which can include the family members and servants living within it. It can also refer to a temple or a place of worship. It is often used to denote a physical structure, but can also metaphorically represent a family line or a spiritual dwelling.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, their own
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun in the genitive plural. It can be translated as 'of them' or 'their', indicating possession or origin. It is often used reflexively, meaning 'their own' or 'of themselves', referring back to the subject of the sentence.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΣΦΩΝ, ΕΑΥΤΩΝ
G1577
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ek-klee-SEE-an
Translations: church, an assembly, a congregation, assembly, congregation
Notes: This word refers to a gathering of people, an assembly, or a congregation. In the New Testament, it most commonly refers to the Christian church, either a local gathering of believers or the universal body of believers. It can also refer to a secular assembly or a mob.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΗ, ΟΧΛΟΣ
G1867
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: eh-PAI-neh-ton
Translations: praiseworthy, laudable, commendable, a praiseworthy thing, a commendable thing
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is worthy of praise, commendation, or approval. It signifies that the subject possesses qualities that elicit admiration and positive recognition. It can be used to describe actions, characteristics, or individuals.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΚΑΛΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΕΠΑΙΝΕΤΟΝ is derived from the verb ΕΠΑΙΝΕΩ (epaineo), meaning 'to praise' or 'to commend'. It is formed with the suffix -τος, which indicates capability or worthiness, thus meaning 'capable of being praised' or 'worthy of praise'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G0027
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-gah-pee-TON
Translations: beloved, dear, only-begotten, only
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is greatly loved or highly esteemed. It can refer to a person who is cherished, or to an only child, implying a unique and special affection. It is often used in a spiritual context to describe God's beloved children or Jesus as the beloved Son.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΟΣ, ΑΓΑΠΗΤΟΣ
G3739
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction
Sounds like: HOS
Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when
Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is, exists
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It indicates existence, identity, or a state of being. It is commonly used to link a subject to a predicate, describing what the subject is or what state it is in. For example, it can mean 'he is' or 'it is', depending on the context.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
G0536
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-PAR-khay
Translations: firstfruits, a firstfruit, first-fruit, first-produce, first-offering
Notes: This word refers to the first portion of a harvest or produce that is collected and offered, often as a religious offering to God. It signifies the initial part of something, which then consecrates the whole. It can also refer to the first converts in a region, symbolizing them as the initial offering from that area.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΓΕΝΝΗΜΑ, ΠΡΩΤΟΤΟΚΙΑ
Etymology: From ἀπό (apo, "from") and ἄρχομαι (archomai, "to begin"), literally meaning "that which begins from". It refers to the first part of a sacrifice or offering.
G0773
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-SEE-as
Translations: of Asia, Asia's
Notes: This word refers to the Roman province of Asia, located in western Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). It is often used in a geographical context to denote the region or its inhabitants.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G5547
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KHRI-ston
Translations: Christ, the Christ, Anointed One, the Anointed One
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation (a nomina sacra) for ΧΡΙΣΤΟΝ (CHRISTON), which is the accusative singular form of ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ (CHRISTOS). It refers to Christ, the Anointed One, and is used as the object of a verb or preposition in a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G0782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ahs-pah-SAH-stheh
Translations: greet, salute, welcome, embrace, bid farewell
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to greet' or 'to salute'. It is often used in the context of extending a welcome or showing respect to someone. It can also imply an embrace or a farewell, depending on the context.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Imperative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΕΤΕ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
G3137
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: mar-ee-AM
Translations: Mary, Miriam
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the name of several women in the Bible, most notably Mary, the mother of Jesus, and Miriam, the sister of Moses and Aaron. It is used to identify a specific individual.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The name ΜΑΡΙΑΜ (Mariam) is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name מִרְיָם (Miryam). It is a very ancient name with a long history of usage.
G3748
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: HEE-tis
Translations: who, which, whoever, whichever, whatever
Notes: ΗΤΙΣ is a relative pronoun, used to introduce a clause that describes a preceding noun. It is a compound word formed from the definite article and the indefinite pronoun. It functions similarly to 'who' or 'which' in English, often providing additional information about a person or thing. It is used in a descriptive sense, often emphasizing the quality or characteristic of the antecedent.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the feminine definite article 'ἡ' (he) and the indefinite pronoun 'τις' (tis). It developed in Koine Greek to provide a more emphatic or descriptive relative pronoun than the simple 'ὅς' (hos).
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: POL-lah
Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things
Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G2872
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-ko-PI-ah-sen
Translations: he toiled, he labored, he worked hard, he grew weary, he became tired
Notes: This word describes the act of toiling, laboring, or working hard to the point of exhaustion. It implies strenuous effort and often results in weariness or fatigue. It is used to describe physical or mental exertion.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΜΟΧΘΕΩ
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MAS
Translations: you, you all
Notes: This is a second-person plural personal pronoun, meaning 'you' or 'you all'. It is in the accusative case, indicating that it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used in a sentence like 'He saw you all'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Second Person, All genders
G0408
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: an-dro-NEE-kon
Translations: Andronicus
Notes: This is a proper noun, the name of a man. It refers to a specific individual named Andronicus. In the provided context, it is used as the object of a verb, indicating someone to be greeted.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G2458
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-NEE-ah
Translations: Junia
Notes: Junia is a feminine proper noun, referring to a specific individual. In the New Testament, Junia is mentioned as a fellow Jew and fellow prisoner of Paul, and is noted as being prominent among the apostles.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: The name Junia is of Latin origin, derived from the Roman family name Iunius. It is related to the Roman goddess Juno.
G4773
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: syng-ge-NEYS
Translations: related, kindred, kinsfolk, relatives, a relative, kinsmen, a kinsman
Notes: This word describes someone who is related by birth or family, indicating a familial connection. It can be used as an adjective to describe something as 'related' or 'kindred,' or more commonly as a noun to refer to 'relatives' or 'kinsfolk.' It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and 'γένος' (genos), meaning 'race, family, or kind,' emphasizing the shared origin or family tie.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΣΥΓΓΕΝΕΙΣ
G4869
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: soon-ekh-ma-LOH-tooss
Translations: fellow prisoner, a fellow prisoner
Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning 'fellow prisoner'. It describes someone who is a prisoner alongside another person. It is used to indicate a shared experience of captivity or imprisonment.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-seen
Translations: they are, are
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be'. It means 'they are' or simply 'are', indicating existence or a state of being for a plural subject. It can be used to link a subject to a predicate, such as 'they are good' or to state the existence of something, as in 'there are many people'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
G1978
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ep-EE-see-moy
Translations: notable, distinguished, prominent, remarkable, infamous, well-known, marked, signal
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is notable, distinguished, or prominent. It can refer to a person who is well-known, whether for good or ill (hence 'infamous'). It can also describe a remarkable or signal event or characteristic. In a sentence, it would modify a noun, indicating its outstanding quality.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΞΟΙ, ΓΝΩΣΤΟΙ, ΠΕΡΙΒΛΕΠΤΟΙ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Particle
Sounds like: EP-see-lon (as a letter name), eh (as a sound)
Translations: E, 5, if, then, indeed
Notes: This is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, epsilon. It can represent the number 5. As a standalone word, 'Ε' is not typically found in Koine Greek texts. It is highly probable that 'Ε' in the provided context is a typographical error or an abbreviation for a word like 'εἰ' (if) or 'ἐν' (in). If it were 'εἰ', it would function as a conditional particle meaning 'if'. If it were 'ἐν', it would be a preposition meaning 'in' or 'among'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or numeral). As a particle, it does not inflect.
Etymology: The letter Epsilon (Ε) is derived from the Phoenician letter He. Its name 'epsilon' means 'simple E' to distinguish it from the diphthong 'αι' (ai), which had come to be pronounced the same way.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G0652
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-po-STO-loys
Translations: to apostles, for apostles, by apostles, with apostles, to an apostle, for an apostle, by an apostle, with an apostle
Notes: This word refers to an apostle, a messenger, or one who is sent forth with a specific commission. It is often used in the New Testament to refer to the twelve disciples of Jesus, or to other early Christian leaders who were sent out to preach the Gospel. The form 'ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΟΙΣ' is the dative plural, indicating the indirect object of an action or the means by which something is done, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', or 'with'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΞ, ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΣΤΗΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G4253
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PRO
Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of
Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ge-GOH-nan
Translations: have become, have been, have come to pass, have happened
Notes: This is a form of the verb 'ginomai', which means 'to become', 'to be', 'to come into being', or 'to happen'. This specific form indicates an action that has been completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It describes a state or event that has come into existence.
Inflection: Perfect Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ
G0290
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ahm-PLI-ah-ton
Translations: Ampliatus
Notes: Ampliatus is a proper noun, specifically a masculine personal name of Latin origin. It refers to a specific individual, likely a Roman citizen or someone with a Latin name, who was a Christian in Rome. In the provided context, it is used as the direct object of the verb 'to greet'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Ampliatus is of Latin origin, derived from the Latin word 'ampliatus', meaning 'enlarged', 'magnified', or 'honored'. It was a common Roman cognomen.
G0027
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-gah-pee-TOH
Translations: beloved, dear, esteemed, a beloved one
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is greatly loved, cherished, or highly esteemed. It is often used to refer to a person who is dear to someone, such as a son or a friend, or to describe something that is precious. It can also function as a substantive, meaning 'a beloved one'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΟΣ, ΕΥΝΟΥΣ
Etymology: Derived from the verb AGAPAO (to love), meaning 'loved' or 'beloved'. It refers to a love that is unconditional and sacrificial.
G3771
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: oor-BAH-nos
Translations: Urbanus
Notes: Urbanus is a proper noun, a masculine personal name of Latin origin, meaning 'of the city' or 'courteous'. It refers to a specific individual mentioned in the New Testament, likely a Christian in Rome. As a proper noun, it functions as the subject or object in a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Urbanus is derived from the Latin word 'urbanus', meaning 'of the city' or 'urbane'. It was a common Roman cognomen.
G4900
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: soon-ER-gon
Translations: working with, cooperating, helping, a fellow worker, a helper, a co-worker
Notes: This word describes someone or something that works together with another, or contributes to a common effort. It can refer to a person who is a colleague or an assistant, or to a thing that serves as an aid or instrument in achieving a goal. It emphasizes the idea of collaboration or joint action.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΟΣ, ΣΥΝΔΟΥΛΟΣ, ΣΥΜΠΡΑΚΤΩΡ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the noun ΕΡΓΟΝ (ERGON), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. Thus, it literally means 'working together'.
G4719
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sta-KHOON
Translations: ear of grain, an ear of grain, head of grain, a head of grain, stalk, a stalk
Notes: This word refers to an ear of grain, such as wheat or barley, or the stalk that bears it. It is used to describe the part of a cereal plant that contains the seeds. In some contexts, it can also refer to a proper name, Stachys, as seen in the New Testament.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΙΤΟΣ, ΚΑΡΠΟΣ
Etymology: The origin of the word ΣΤΑΧΥΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of standing upright or being stiff, referring to the erect stalk of grain.
G0652
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-PEL-leen
Translations: Apelles
Notes: Apelles is a masculine proper noun, referring to a specific individual. In the New Testament, it refers to a Christian in Rome whom Paul greets in his letter to the Romans, commending him as "approved in Christ." The word is a common Greek name.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G1384
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: DOH-kee-moh
Translations: approved, tested, tried, acceptable, valuable, genuine, good, a tested one, an approved one
Notes: This word describes something or someone that has been tested and found to be genuine, acceptable, or worthy. It implies a process of examination or trial, after which the subject is deemed to meet a certain standard. It can refer to a person who is proven trustworthy or to an object, like metal, that has been refined and found pure. In some contexts, it can function as a noun, referring to 'an approved one' or 'approved material'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter; or Masculine or Feminine, Nominative, Singular (if referring to a person, though the ending -ο typically suggests neuter or a specific declension). Given the lack of diacritics, it could also be ΔΟΚΙΜΟΣ (masculine/feminine nominative singular) or ΔΟΚΙΜΟΝ (neuter nominative/accusative singular).
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟ, ΓΝΗΣΙΟ
Etymology: The word ΔΟΚΙΜΟ (dokimos) derives from the verb δοκιμάζω (dokimazo), meaning 'to test, prove, or approve'. It is related to δέχομαι (dechomai), 'to receive, accept', suggesting something that has been tested and found acceptable.
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with
Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.
G711
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-ris-toh-BOO-loo
Translations: of Aristobulus
Notes: Aristobulus was a common Greek proper name, meaning 'best counsel' or 'best counselor'. In the New Testament, it refers to a person mentioned by Paul in Romans 16:10, whose household members are greeted. This form of the name indicates possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G2261
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: hay-roh-dee-OH-na
Translations: Herodion
Notes: Herodion is a male proper name, likely a personal name of a man. It is related to the name Herod, suggesting a connection or allegiance to the Herodian family or dynasty. It is used to refer to a specific individual.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Herodion is derived from the Greek name Herod (Ἡρῴδης), meaning 'heroic' or 'son of a hero'. It was a common name in the Herodian dynasty.
G4773
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: syng-ge-NEH
Translations: related, kindred, a kinsman, a kinswoman, a relative
Notes: This word refers to someone who is related by birth or family, a kinsman or kinswoman. It can be used as an adjective to describe something as 'related' or 'kindred', or as a noun to refer to a 'relative' or 'kinsman'. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'γένος' (genos), meaning 'race', 'family', or 'kind'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΣΥΝΟΙΚΟΣ, ΟΙΚΕΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ is derived from the prefix σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the noun γένος (genos), meaning 'race', 'family', or 'kind'. It describes a relationship of shared origin or family.
G3770
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: nar-KIS-soo
Translations: of Narcissus
Notes: This is the genitive form of the proper noun Narcissus. It refers to a person named Narcissus or, in some contexts, to the household or slaves belonging to Narcissus. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to 'belonging to Narcissus' or 'from the household of Narcissus'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The name Narcissus is of Greek origin, derived from the word 'narkissos', referring to the narcissus flower. It is associated with the Greek myth of Narcissus, a youth who fell in love with his own reflection.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ON-tas
Translations: being, existing, a being, an existing one
Notes: This word is the masculine or neuter accusative plural form of the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something or someone that is 'being' or 'existing' at the present moment, often functioning as a substantive meaning 'those who are' or 'things that are'. It can also be used to describe the state or condition of a group of people or things.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ
Etymology: The verb εἰμί (eimi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.
G5171
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: troo-FAY-nan
Translations: Tryphaena
Notes: Tryphaena is a proper noun, referring to a specific individual. In the context of ancient Greek, it was a common female name. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating that she is the direct object of the action.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The name Tryphaena is derived from the Greek word 'tryphe' (τρυφή), meaning 'softness, delicacy, luxury, daintiness'. It suggests a person of refined or delicate nature.
G5173
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: troo-FOH-sah
Translations: Tryphosa
Notes: Tryphosa is a proper noun, specifically a feminine personal name. It is derived from a root meaning 'delicate' or 'luxurious living,' but in this context, it refers to a specific individual. In the New Testament, Tryphosa is mentioned as a Christian woman who worked hard for the Lord, alongside Tryphaena.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: The name Tryphosa is derived from the Greek word ΤΡΥΦΗ (TRYPHE), meaning 'softness,' 'delicacy,' or 'luxurious living.' It was a common name in the ancient world, often given to women.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G2872
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: koh-pee-OH-sas
Translations: having toiled, having labored, having worked hard
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb meaning 'to toil' or 'to labor'. It describes someone who has exerted great effort, worked hard, or become weary from their work. It can be used to describe individuals who have put in significant effort in a particular task or endeavor.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Feminine, Plural
Synonyms: ΜΟΧΘΕΩ, ΚΑΜΝΩ
Etymology: The word ΚΟΠΙΑΩ (kopiáō) comes from κόπος (kópos), meaning 'a striking, beating, toil, trouble'. It refers to the effort that causes weariness.
G4067
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: per-SEE-dah
Translations: Persia
Notes: This word refers to Persia, an ancient empire located in what is now modern-day Iran. It is used to denote the geographical region or the empire itself. As a proper noun, it functions as the name of a specific place.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G0027
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-gah-pay-TANE
Translations: beloved, dear, a beloved one, a dear one
Notes: This word describes someone who is loved, cherished, or highly esteemed. It is often used as a term of endearment, indicating a deep affection or special relationship. It can refer to a person who is the object of love, such as a child, a friend, or a disciple. In the provided context, it describes Persis as 'the beloved one'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΟΣ, ΑΓΑΠΩΜΕΝΟΣ
G4513
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ROO-fon
Translations: Rufus
Notes: This is a proper noun, the name Rufus. It is a common Roman name, meaning 'red' or 'red-haired'. In the provided context, it is used as the direct object of a verb, indicating someone is greeting Rufus.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Rufus is of Latin origin, derived from the Latin word 'rufus', meaning 'red' or 'red-haired'. It was a common cognomen (surname) in ancient Rome.
G1588
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ek-LEK-ton
Translations: chosen, elect, choice, excellent, a chosen one, an elect one
Notes: This word describes something or someone that has been selected or chosen, often implying a special status or quality. It can refer to individuals or groups who are divinely chosen for a particular purpose, or simply to something that is of superior quality or highly esteemed. It is often used in a theological context to refer to God's chosen people or individuals.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative
Synonyms: ΕΚΛΟΓΗ, ΕΠΙΛΕΚΤΟΣ, ΑΓΙΟΣ
Etymology: Derived from the verb EKLEGO (G1586), meaning 'to pick out, choose'. It combines the preposition EK (G1537), meaning 'out of', and the verb LEGO (G3004), meaning 'to say, speak', but in this context, it relates to 'to gather, pick'.
G3384
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MEE-teh-rah
Translations: mother, a mother
Notes: This word refers to a female parent. It is used in a literal sense to denote the biological mother of a child, or sometimes metaphorically to refer to the origin or source of something. It is a common noun found throughout Koine Greek texts.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'mother'. It is a very ancient word with cognates in many Indo-European languages.
G947
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-syn-KREE-ton
Translations: incomparable, without comparison, matchless, peerless
Notes: This word describes something that is so unique or excellent that it cannot be compared to anything else. It signifies an absolute superiority or distinctiveness. It is often used to emphasize the unparalleled nature of a person, thing, or quality.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΥΠΕΡΒΛΗΤΟΣ, ΑΝΕΚΔΙΗΓΗΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'σύγκριτος' (sygkritos), which means 'comparable' or 'compared'. Thus, it literally means 'not comparable' or 'without comparison'.
G5395
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: FLEH-gon-tah
Translations: burning, blazing, flaming, a burning one, a blazing one
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'φλέγω', meaning 'to burn' or 'to blaze'. It describes something that is actively burning or glowing with fire. It can be used to describe a person or object that is intensely hot or passionate, or literally on fire.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΩ, ΠΥΡΟΩ
G2059
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: her-may-NEH-oo
Translations: interpret, explain, translate
Notes: This word means to interpret, explain, or translate something. It is used to describe the act of making something clear or understandable, especially when converting from one language or concept to another. For example, it can be used when someone explains the meaning of a dream or translates a foreign text.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular (or possibly other inflections depending on context, but this is the most common for this form)
Synonyms: ΔΙΕΡΜΗΝΕΥΩ, ΕΞΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ἑρμηνεύω (hermēneuō) is derived from ἑρμηνεύς (hermēneus), meaning 'an interpreter'. This root is associated with Hermes, the Greek god of communication, messages, and interpretation.
G3961
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: pa-TRO-bas
Translations: Patrobas
Notes: Patrobas is a masculine proper noun, referring to a specific individual. He is mentioned in the New Testament as one of the Christians in Rome to whom Paul sends greetings in his letter to the Romans (Romans 16:14). The name itself means 'father's steps' or 'father's basis'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Patrobas is of Greek origin, derived from πατήρ (patēr, 'father') and βαίνω (bainō, 'to step' or 'to go'). It literally means 'father's steps' or 'father's basis'.
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: ER-man
Translations: unknown
Notes: It's not clear what this word means. It could be garbled or badly misspelled. Based on the provided context, it is highly probable that 'ΕΡΜΑΝ' is a misspelling of 'ΕΘΕΡΜΑΝΘΗΣΑΝ' or 'ΘΕΡΜΑΝΘΗ', which are forms of the verb 'θερμαίνω' (thermainō), meaning 'to warm' or 'to heat'. If it were a proper word, it might relate to Hermes or a 'heap'/'pile', but this is unlikely given the context.
Inflection: Unknown
G4862
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: soon
Translations: with, together with, along with
Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (for) them, (to) themselves, (for) themselves
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). It can mean 'to them' or 'for them' when referring to a third person plural, or 'to themselves' or 'for themselves' when used reflexively. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action, and can apply to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FOOS
Translations: brothers, brethren
Notes: This word refers to male siblings, or more broadly, to fellow members of a community, especially in a religious or spiritual sense. In the New Testament, it is frequently used to refer to fellow believers in Christ, emphasizing a familial bond among them. It is used here in the accusative plural, indicating the direct object of a verb or preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΙ
G5378
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fee-LOH-loh-gon
Translations: a lover of words, a scholar, a literary person
Notes: This is a compound word derived from 'φίλος' (philos), meaning 'loving' or 'dear', and 'λόγος' (logos), meaning 'word' or 'reason'. It refers to someone who is a lover of words, a scholar, or a literary person. It is used to describe an individual with a deep interest in language, literature, or learning.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΕΥΣ, ΣΟΦΙΣΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΟΣ is a compound of two Greek words: φίλος (philos), meaning 'loving' or 'dear', and λόγος (logos), meaning 'word', 'speech', or 'reason'. It describes someone who loves words or learning.
G2456
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-lee-AN
Translations: Julian, Julia
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a person named Julian or Julia. It is the accusative singular form of the name. In the provided context, it refers to a female individual named Julia.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G3517
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: nay-REH-ah
Translations: Nereus
Notes: Nereus is a proper masculine name, referring to a Christian in Rome mentioned by Paul in his letter to the Romans. It is used here as the object of the verb 'greet', indicating someone to be greeted.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Nereus is of Greek origin, derived from the Greek word 'νηρός' (neros), meaning 'wet' or 'flowing'. In Greek mythology, Nereus was a sea god, often depicted as an old man of the sea.
G3656
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: oh-LYM-pan
Translations: Olympas
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a specific individual named Olympas. In ancient Greek, proper nouns like this are used to identify people, places, or things. It is used here as the object of a verb or preposition, indicating someone being greeted or mentioned.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From a Greek word meaning 'heavenly' or 'from Olympus', referring to Mount Olympus, the mythical home of the gods. It was a common personal name in the ancient world.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tas
Translations: all, every, everyone, the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality of something or someone. In this form, it is used for masculine nouns in the accusative plural, meaning 'all (of them)' or 'everyone'. It can also be used substantively to refer to 'all people' or 'everyone'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G0040
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ah-GHEE-oos
Translations: holy, sacred, pure, saints, holy ones
Notes: This word describes something or someone as holy, sacred, or set apart for God. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its sacred quality. It can also function as a noun itself, referring to 'saints' or 'holy ones'. In the provided context, it is used as a noun, referring to 'the saints' or 'the holy ones'.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ, ΚΑΘΑΡΟΣ
G240
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Part of Speech: Reciprocal Pronoun
Sounds like: al-LAY-loos
Translations: one another, each other
Notes: This word is a reciprocal pronoun, meaning 'one another' or 'each other'. It is used to indicate that an action or relationship is mutual between two or more parties. It is always used in the plural and does not have a nominative form.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
G5370
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fee-LEE-mah-tee
Translations: kiss, a kiss, (to) a kiss, (to) the kiss
Notes: This word refers to a kiss. In its dative form, as seen here, it indicates the means by which something is done, or the recipient of an action, often translated with 'by means of a kiss' or 'to a kiss'. It is commonly used in the New Testament to refer to a greeting or a betrayal.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΗΜΑ
Etymology: The word ΦΙΛΗΜΑ (philema) comes from the verb φιλέω (phileō), meaning 'to love' or 'to kiss'. It refers to an act of affection or greeting.
G0040
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-GEE-oh
Translations: (to) holy, (to) sacred
Notes: This word means 'holy' or 'sacred'. It is used to describe something that is set apart for God, consecrated, or pure. It often refers to places, objects, or people that are dedicated to divine service or possess a divine quality. In this form, it is typically used in the dative case, indicating 'to' or 'for' something holy, or 'in' a holy place.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ
G0782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ahs-PAH-zon-tai
Translations: they greet, they salute, they embrace, they welcome
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to greet,' 'to salute,' 'to embrace,' or 'to welcome.' It is often used in the context of exchanging greetings or showing affection and respect to someone. It can also imply a warm reception or a farewell.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΕΤΕ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΟΥΣΙΝ
Etymology: The word ΑΣΠΑΖΟΜΑΙ is likely derived from the prefix ἀσ- (as-), an intensive form of a- (a-), and σπάω (spaō), meaning 'to draw' or 'to pull.' The middle voice suggests an action done to oneself or for oneself, hence 'to draw to oneself' in a welcoming or embracing manner.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G5547
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: khree-STOO
Translations: (of) Christ
Notes: This word is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ (Christou), the genitive form of ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ (Christos). It refers to Jesus Christ, specifically indicating possession or origin, such as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It is commonly used in phrases like 'the grace of Christ' or 'the Spirit of Christ'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G3870
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PA-ra-ka-LOH
Translations: I call to, I invite, I comfort, I encourage, I appeal, I beg, I entreat
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to call alongside' or 'to call to one's aid'. Depending on the context, it can mean to comfort, encourage, exhort, appeal to, or entreat someone. It is often used to describe the act of providing solace or urging someone to action.
Inflection: First person singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΗΓΟΡΕΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΛΗΤΟΣ
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FOY
Translations: brothers, fellow believers, countrymen, kinsmen
Notes: This word refers to brothers, either by blood or in a broader sense, such as fellow countrymen, kinsmen, or members of the same community or faith. It is a compound word formed from 'α-' (a-, meaning 'together' or 'same') and 'δελφύς' (delphys, meaning 'womb'), literally meaning 'from the same womb'. It is commonly used to address a group of male individuals who share a close bond or common origin.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΙ, ΣΥΓΓΕΝΕΙΣ, ΟΜΟΦΥΛΟΙ
G4648
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: sko-PEH-in
Translations: to look, to observe, to consider, to examine, to watch, to take heed
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'skopeō'. It means to look intently, to observe carefully, or to consider something with a specific purpose or goal in mind. It can also imply examining or taking heed of something. It is used to express the action of seeing or watching with attention.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΟΡΑΩ
Etymology: The word 'skopeō' comes from the Greek root 'skopos', meaning 'watcher' or 'aim'. It is related to the English words 'scope' and 'telescope'.
G1370
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-khos-tas-EE-as
Translations: of dissension, of division, of discord, of disagreement
Notes: This word refers to a state of division, disagreement, or discord among people. It describes a situation where there is a split or a standing apart due to differing opinions or conflicts. It is often used in contexts referring to internal strife within a group or community.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΤΑΣΙΣ, ΔΙΑΣΤΑΣΙΣ, ΕΡΙΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G4625
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: skan-DAH-lah
Translations: stumbling blocks, offenses, snares, traps, causes of ruin
Notes: This word refers to things that cause someone to stumble, fall, or be led into sin or error. It can describe an obstacle, a trap, or anything that acts as a moral or spiritual snare, leading to ruin or apostasy. It is often used in a figurative sense to denote anything that causes someone to fall away from faith or righteousness.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΑΓΙΔΕΣ, ΠΡΟΣΚΟΜΜΑΤΑ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G1322
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-DA-kheen
Translations: teaching, a teaching, doctrine, instruction
Notes: This word refers to the act of teaching or the content of what is taught, often implying a body of doctrine or instruction. It can be used to describe the teachings of a person or a set of principles that are followed. In a sentence, it would function as a direct object receiving the action of a verb, such as 'they received the teaching' or 'he gave instruction'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑ, ΔΙΔΑΓΜΑ
Etymology: The word ΔΙΔΑΧΗ (didachē) comes from the verb διδάσκω (didaskō), meaning 'to teach'. It refers to the act or result of teaching.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ANE
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was, I was
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to describe a state of being or existence in the past, often indicating a continuous or repeated action or condition. For example, it can mean 'he was' or 'it was'.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, 1st or 3rd person singular
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MACE
Translations: you
Notes: This word is a second-person plural pronoun, meaning 'you' (referring to multiple people). It is used when the 'you' is the subject of the sentence, performing the action of the verb.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the Latin 'vos' and English 'you'.
G3129
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-MAH-theh-teh
Translations: you learned, you have learned, you were taught
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to learn' or 'to be taught'. It describes the act of acquiring knowledge or skill, often through instruction or experience. It is used to indicate that a group of people (you all) completed the action of learning in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Second Person Plural
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΩ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: poy-OON-tas
Translations: doing, making, performing, working, producing, creating, causing, practicing, carrying out
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'poieō', meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is in the act of doing or making something. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun (e.g., 'the ones doing'), or adverbially, indicating the manner or circumstance of an action. In the provided examples, it refers to 'those who are doing' or 'those who are making'.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΟΝΤΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ
G1627
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-KLEE-ne-teh
Translations: turn away, avoid, shun, deviate, decline, turn aside
Notes: This word means to turn away from something, to avoid it, or to deviate from a path or standard. It can imply a physical turning away or a moral turning away from evil or error. It is often used in the context of shunning something undesirable or declining to participate in something.
Inflection: Present Active Indicative, 2nd Person Plural; or Present Active Imperative, 2nd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΤΡΕΠΩ, ΑΠΟΦΕΥΓΩ, ΠΑΡΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: From the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ΚΛΙΝΩ (klino), meaning 'to bend' or 'to incline'. Thus, it literally means 'to bend out' or 'to turn away from'.
G1578
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-KLEE-nah-teh
Translations: turn away, avoid, decline, deviate, turn aside, shun, depart
Notes: This word means to turn away from something, to avoid it, or to deviate from a path or standard. It implies a deliberate act of moving away or shunning. It is often used in a moral or ethical sense, urging one to turn away from evil or sin.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΠΟΤΡΕΠΩ, ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: AP
Translations: from, away from, off, out of, by, with
Notes: This is a common Greek preposition that indicates separation, origin, or cause. It means 'from' or 'away from' and is often used to show the source of something, the point from which an action begins, or the agent by which something is done. When used as a prefix (ΑΠ- or ΑΠΟ-), it intensifies the idea of separation or completion, often meaning 'off, away, back, completely'. For example, in 'ἀποστέλλω' (apostellō), it means 'to send away'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: The word ἀπό (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'. It is a very ancient and common preposition found across many Indo-European languages.
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OO-toy
Translations: such, such a one, of such a kind
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to describe something that is of the nature or quality previously mentioned or implied. It can refer to people or things, indicating their character, quality, or type. For example, it might be used to say 'such people' or 'things of this kind'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣΔΕ, ΤΟΣΟΣΔΕ
G3756, G3757
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when
Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.
G1398
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doo-LEH-oo-see
Translations: they serve, they are serving, they are enslaved, they are subject
Notes: This word means to serve, to be a slave, or to be subject to someone or something. It implies a state of servitude or obedience, often in a literal sense of being a bondservant, but can also be used metaphorically for serving God or being subject to a ruler. It describes an action performed by multiple subjects.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G2836
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koy-LEE-ah
Translations: belly, a belly, womb, a womb, stomach, intestines, inner being, of the belly, to the belly
Notes: This word refers to the belly, abdomen, or stomach. It can also refer to the womb, especially in the context of birth or conception. Metaphorically, it can denote the inner being, the seat of emotions or thoughts, or the innermost part of something. It is used in various contexts, from literal anatomical references to figurative expressions of one's deepest self.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΑΣΤΗΡ, ΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΑ
Etymology: From Koine Greek, likely related to κοῖλος (koilos), meaning 'hollow' or 'concave', referring to the hollow part of the body.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G5542
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khray-sto-lo-GHEE-as
Translations: of smooth talk, of plausible speech, of flattery, of fair speech
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'χρηστός' (chrestos), meaning 'good' or 'useful', and 'λόγος' (logos), meaning 'word' or 'speech'. It refers to speech that is outwardly pleasant or good, but often used deceptively or for selfish motives, such as flattery or persuasive but misleading arguments. It describes a type of speech that aims to please or persuade, rather than to convey truth or genuine intent.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΚΕΙΑ, ΠΙΘΑΝΟΛΟΓΙΑ
G2129
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: yoo-lo-GHEE-as
Translations: (of) blessing, (of) praise, (of) benediction, (of) a blessing
Notes: This word refers to a blessing, praise, or benediction. It can denote a divine favor or a spoken word of praise or good wishes. It is often used in contexts of giving thanks or invoking divine favor upon someone or something.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑΣ, ΕΥΦΗΜΙΑΣ
G1818
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-ah-pah-TOH-see
Translations: they deceive, they mislead, they beguile
Notes: This word describes the action of deceiving, misleading, or beguiling someone. It implies a deliberate act of trickery or fraud, often with the intent to lead someone astray from the truth or a correct path. It is used to describe a group of people performing this action.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΑΩ, ΠΛΑΝΑΩ, ΔΟΛΙΕΥΩ
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-as
Translations: of heart, of a heart, of mind, of soul, of inner self, of conscience, of courage, of will
Notes: This word refers to the physical heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used to denote the inner person, the seat of spiritual and moral life. For example, it can refer to the core of one's beliefs or the source of one's intentions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ
G0172
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-KAH-kohn
Translations: of innocent, of guileless, of harmless, of simple
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'innocent,' 'guileless,' 'harmless,' or 'simple.' It describes someone who is free from evil, malice, or cunning. It can refer to a person who is naive or unsophisticated, or someone who is morally pure and without fault. In the provided context, it would describe the quality of being innocent or harmless belonging to a group of people.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΠΛΟΥΣ, ΑΜΕΜΠΤΟΣ, ΑΓΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΚΑΚΟΣ (akakos) is a compound word formed from the privative alpha (α-) meaning 'not' or 'without,' and the noun ΚΑΚΟΣ (kakos) meaning 'evil' or 'bad.' Thus, it literally means 'without evil' or 'not bad.'
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G5218
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-pah-KO-ay
Translations: obedience, a hearing, a hearkening, submission
Notes: This word refers to the act of listening attentively and responding to what is heard, leading to compliance or submission. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo, under) and 'ἀκούω' (akouō, to hear), literally meaning 'a hearing under'. It implies a readiness to obey or a state of being subject to authority.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΙΑ, ΥΠΟΤΑΓΗ
Etymology: From the Greek preposition 'ὑπό' (hypo, under) and the verb 'ἀκούω' (akouō, to hear), meaning to hear under or to listen attentively, leading to compliance.
G0864
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-FIK-eh-toh
Translations: he came, she came, it came, he arrived, she arrived, it arrived, he reached, she reached, it reached
Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist indicative form of the verb 'aphikneomai', meaning 'to come to', 'to arrive', or 'to reach'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, indicating that someone or something arrived at a particular place or state. It is often used to describe the arrival of a person or the spread of a message or reputation.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The verb 'aphikneomai' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'apo' (meaning 'from' or 'away from') and the verb 'hikneomai' (meaning 'to come' or 'to arrive'). Thus, it literally means 'to come from' or 'to arrive from a point of departure', emphasizing the completion of a journey or the act of reaching a destination.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EF
Translations: upon, on, over, to, against, at, by, for, in, among, with, toward, concerning, because of
Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), which means 'upon' or 'on'. The final vowel of ΕΠΙ is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'upon, on, over, during'; with the dative, it means 'on, at, by, for, in addition to'; and with the accusative, it means 'on, to, against, over, toward'. It is a very common and versatile preposition.
Inflection: Does not inflect (elided form of a preposition)
G5213
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MEEN
Translations: (to) you, (for) you
Notes: This word is a second person plural pronoun, meaning 'you' (plural). It is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action. It can be translated as 'to you' or 'for you', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or continuation. It often introduces a conclusion or a statement that follows from what has just been said. It can also be used to resume a narrative or to emphasize a point, sometimes translated as 'now' or 'indeed' in such contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u, a particle indicating 'away from'. In Greek, it developed into a particle of inference or transition.
G5463
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KHAH-ee-roh
Translations: rejoice, be glad, be well, hail, farewell
Notes: This verb means to rejoice, be glad, or be well. It is often used as a greeting, similar to "hail" or "greetings," and can also be used as a farewell, meaning "farewell" or "goodbye." It expresses a state of joy or well-being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular; also functions as an imperative (rejoice!, hail!)
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: From a primary verb, probably from the root of χάρις (charis, "grace"), meaning to be cheerful, to be in a state of grace or favor.
G2309
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: THEH-loh
Translations: to wish, to want, to desire, to will, to intend, to be willing
Notes: This verb expresses a desire, intention, or willingness to do something. It can be used to indicate a strong personal wish or a divine will. It often takes an infinitive to complete its meaning, indicating what is wished or willed.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gʷhelh₁- (to want, wish). It is related to the English word 'will' (as in 'free will').
G4680
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: so-FOOS
Translations: wise, clever, skilled, the wise, wise men, wise people
Notes: This word describes someone or something as possessing wisdom, intelligence, or skill. It is often used to refer to individuals who are considered wise or knowledgeable, or to actions and words that demonstrate wisdom. As an adjective, it modifies nouns to describe their quality of being wise.
Inflection: Accusative Plural Masculine or Accusative Plural Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΡΟΝΙΜΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΤΟΣ
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-nah-ee
Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to occur
Notes: This is the infinitive form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It signifies existence, occurrence, or a state of being. It is often used with other verbs to form periphrastic constructions or to express purpose or result. For example, it can mean 'to be' in the sense of 'he wants to be good' or 'it is about to happen'.
Inflection: Infinitive
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙΝ, ΓΙΝΕΣΘΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- 'to be'. It is cognate with English 'is' and Latin 'esse'.
G0018
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ah-gah-THON
Translations: good, a good thing, what is good, beneficial, virtuous
Notes: This word describes something as good, beneficial, or virtuous. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its positive quality. It can also be used substantively as a neuter noun, meaning 'a good thing' or 'what is good', referring to a moral or material benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word originates from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'good' or 'able'. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages.
G170
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-KAI-reh-oos
Translations: unseasonable, untimely, out of season, inconvenient
Notes: This word describes something that is not happening at the right or opportune time. It refers to an action, event, or situation that is ill-timed or inappropriate for the circumstances. It can be used to describe a person who acts in an untimely manner or a thing that occurs at an inconvenient moment.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΚΑΙΡΩΣ, ΑΝΕΠΙΤΗΔΕΙΟΣ
Etymology: Derived from the negative prefix 'Α-' (A-) meaning 'not' and 'ΚΑΙΡΟΣ' (KAIROS), meaning 'due season, proper time'. Thus, it literally means 'not in due season' or 'not at the proper time'.
G2556
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: KAH-ko
Translations: bad, evil, worthless, harmful, wicked, a bad thing, evil, harm, mischief
Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'bad,' 'evil,' 'worthless,' or 'harmful.' It describes something that is morally corrupt, of poor quality, or causes damage. It can also be used as a noun, referring to 'evil' itself, 'harm,' or 'mischief.' It is often used in contrast to 'good' (ἀγαθόν).
Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΚΑΚΟ' comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'bad' or 'evil.' It is a fundamental term in Greek for describing negative qualities or actions.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THEH-oss
Translations: God, a God, Lord
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation, for the Greek word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos). It refers to God, the supreme being, or a god in a general sense. It is commonly used in the New Testament to refer to the God of Israel.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It refers to the supreme divinity, or a deity in general.
G1515
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ei-REE-nes
Translations: of peace, of quietness, of rest, of prosperity
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'eirene,' meaning peace. It refers to a state of tranquility, quietness, rest, or prosperity. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or a relationship 'of' something. Thus, 'eirenes' would typically be translated as 'of peace' or 'belonging to peace,' indicating a quality or state associated with peace.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΕΡΕΜΙΑΣ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΣΙΣ
G4938
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soon-TRIP-see
Translations: crushing, a crushing, destruction, a destruction, breaking, a breaking, affliction, an affliction
Notes: This word refers to the act or state of being crushed, broken, or shattered. It can denote physical destruction or a state of severe affliction and distress, often implying a complete breaking down or ruin.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΡΙΜΜΑ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΒΟΛΗ
Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΤΡΙΨΙΣ is derived from the verb ΣΥΝΤΡΙΒΩ (syntribo), meaning 'to rub together, to break in pieces, to crush'. It combines the prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the root ΤΡΙΒΩ (tribo), meaning 'to rub' or 'to wear out'.
G4567
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: sah-tah-NAN
Translations: Satan
Notes: This word refers to Satan, the adversary or accuser. It is used to denote the chief evil spirit, often depicted as the enemy of God and humanity. In sentences, it typically functions as the object of a verb or preposition.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΟΛΟΣ, ΒΕΕΛΖΕΒΟΥΛ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G4228
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PO-das
Translations: feet
Notes: This word is the accusative plural form of the noun 'ΠΟΥΣ' (pous), meaning 'foot'. It refers to the lower extremities of the body, used for walking or standing. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΕΙΣ, ΒΗΜΑΤΑ
G5036
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: TA-khee
Translations: swift, quick, fast, speedy, a swift, a quick, a fast, a speedy
Notes: This word describes something that is swift, quick, or fast. It is often used to denote speed in movement or action. It can also refer to something that happens quickly or promptly.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΞΥΣ, ΣΠΕΥΔΩ
G5485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHA-rees
Translations: grace, a grace, favor, a favor, kindness, a kindness, thanks, gratitude, charm, a charm, delight, a delight
Notes: This word is a feminine noun that generally refers to grace, favor, or kindness. It can also mean thanks or gratitude, especially in expressions like 'to give thanks'. In some contexts, it can refer to charm or delight. It is often used to describe divine favor or unmerited divine assistance given to humans.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ, ΕΛΕΟΣ, ΔΩΡΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- ('to desire, to like'). In ancient Greek, it developed to mean 'that which delights' or 'favor'.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koo-REE-oo
Translations: of Lord, of the Lord
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΥ (Kyriou), which is the genitive form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It means 'of the Lord' or 'of Lord' and is commonly used to refer to God or Jesus in ancient Greek texts. It indicates possession or origin related to the Lord.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΕΟΥ
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-moh
Translations: (of) us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person pronoun 'we'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to 'of us' or 'our' in English. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Genitive
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: meth
Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with
Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).
G782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ahs-PAH-zeh-teh
Translations: he greets, she greets, it greets, he salutes, she salutes, it salutes, he embraces, she embraces, it embraces, he welcomes, she welcomes, it welcomes
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to greet,' 'to salute,' 'to embrace,' or 'to welcome.' It is often used in the context of exchanging greetings or showing affection and respect. It can also imply a warm reception or a farewell.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word comes from a compound of the prefix 'α-' (a-, intensive) and 'σπάω' (spaō, 'to draw, to pull'). The original sense might have been 'to draw to oneself,' leading to the meaning of embracing or greeting.
G5095
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: tee-MO-theh-os
Translations: Timothy
Notes: This is a male personal name, commonly translated as Timothy. It is used to refer to an individual, much like a name in English. In the provided examples, it functions as the subject of sentences.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Τιμόθεος (Timotheos) is of Greek origin, derived from two elements: τιμή (timē), meaning 'honor' or 'worth', and θεός (theos), meaning 'God'. Thus, the name means 'honoring God' or 'honored by God'.
G4904
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: soon-ER-gos
Translations: fellow worker, a fellow worker, co-worker, a co-worker, helper, a helper, assistant, an assistant
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'ἔργον' (ergon), meaning 'work'. It refers to someone who works together with another, a colleague, or an associate. It can be used to describe a partner in a task or a helper in an endeavor.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΔΟΥΛΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΑΤΗΣ, ΒΟΗΘΟΣ
Etymology: From the Greek preposition 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the noun 'ἔργον' (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. The word literally means 'working together'.
G3065
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: LOO-kee-oss
Translations: Lucius
Notes: This is a masculine proper noun, referring to the Roman praenomen (first name) Lucius. It is used to identify a specific individual.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: From Latin 'Lucius', meaning 'light' or 'born at daylight'.
G2397
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-AH-sohn
Translations: Jason
Notes: Jason is a male proper name of Greek origin. In the New Testament, it refers to a Christian in Thessalonica who hosted Paul and Silas and was subsequently arrested for it. It is also the name of a prominent figure in Greek mythology, the leader of the Argonauts.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Jason is derived from the Greek verb ἰάομαι (iaomai), meaning 'to heal' or 'to cure'. Thus, the name can be interpreted as 'healer' or 'one who heals'.
G4991
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: soh-SEE-pa-tros
Translations: Sosipater
Notes: This is a masculine proper noun, referring to a specific person. The name is a compound word, derived from 'σῴζω' (sōzō), meaning 'to save' or 'to deliver', and 'πατήρ' (patēr), meaning 'father'. Thus, it means 'savior of his father' or 'father's savior'. It is used in sentences to identify an individual, much like a name in English.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name ΣΩΣΙΠΑΤΡΟΣ is of Greek origin, formed from the verb σῴζω (sōzō, 'to save, preserve') and the noun πατήρ (patēr, 'father'). It literally means 'father's savior' or 'savior of his father'.
G0782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ahs-PAH-zoh-my
Translations: I greet, I salute, I welcome, I embrace, I bid farewell
Notes: This verb means to greet, salute, or welcome someone. It can also imply an embrace or a fond farewell, depending on the context. It is often used in the New Testament for expressions of Christian fellowship and affection.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
Etymology: From the prefix 'α-' (a-) meaning 'together' or 'with' and 'σπάω' (spaō) meaning 'to draw' or 'to pull'. The word originally conveyed the idea of drawing someone to oneself, hence embracing or greeting.
G5062
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: TER-tee-os
Translations: Tertius
Notes: Tertius is a proper noun, a masculine personal name of Latin origin, meaning 'third'. It is used to refer to a specific individual, as seen in the New Testament where Tertius is mentioned as the scribe who wrote down Paul's Epistle to the Romans.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Tertius is of Latin origin, derived from the Latin word 'tertius', meaning 'third'. It was a common Roman cognomen.
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: grap-SAS
Translations: having written, who wrote, after writing, when he wrote
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed prior to the action of the main verb in the sentence. It can be translated in various ways depending on context, such as 'having written' or 'the one who wrote'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ
G1992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-is-toh-LEEN
Translations: letter, an epistle, a message
Notes: This word refers to a written communication, such as a letter or an epistle. It is often used in the context of official correspondence or messages sent between individuals or groups. It can also refer to a written message or command.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΜΜΑ
Etymology: From the verb ΕΠΙΣΤΕΛΛΩ (epistellō), meaning 'to send a message' or 'to send to'. It is formed from the prefix ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and ΣΤΕΛΛΩ (stellō), meaning 'to send' or 'to dispatch'.
G1050
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: GAH-ee-oss
Translations: Gaius
Notes: Gaius is a common Roman praenomen, or personal name, frequently found in ancient Greek and Roman texts. It refers to a specific male individual. In the New Testament, several men named Gaius are mentioned, including one who was a traveling companion of Paul and another to whom the Third Epistle of John is addressed.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Gaius is of Latin origin, a very common Roman praenomen. Its etymology is uncertain, but it may be related to the Latin verb 'gaudere', meaning 'to rejoice'.
G3581
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: XEH-nos
Translations: stranger, a stranger, foreigner, a foreigner, guest, a guest, host, a host, alien, an alien
Notes: This word refers to someone who is a stranger, a foreigner, or an alien. It can also mean a guest or a host, depending on the context. It is used to describe someone who is not from one's own family, city, or country. It can function as both an adjective (e.g., 'a foreign land') and a noun (e.g., 'the stranger').
Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative; Singular or Plural
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΙΚΟΣ, ΕΠΙΔΗΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ξένος' is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient word with connections to hospitality and the concept of 'otherness'. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages.
G3650
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: OH-leess
Translations: of whole, of all, of entire
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'whole,' 'all,' or 'entire.' It describes something as complete or undivided. In the provided examples, it is used in phrases like 'from all your heart,' indicating a complete and undivided commitment or feeling.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G0782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ahs-PAH-zeh-teh
Translations: greet, salute, embrace, welcome
Notes: This word means to greet, salute, embrace, or welcome someone. It is often used in the imperative mood, as a command or exhortation to extend a greeting or welcome. It can also imply a warm reception or a fond farewell.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Imperative, 2nd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΕΤΕ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word ἀσπάζομαι (aspazomai) is thought to be derived from ἀ- (a-, intensive particle) and σπάω (spaō, to draw, pull), perhaps originally meaning to draw someone to oneself in an embrace or greeting.
G2037
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: eh-RAS-tos
Translations: Erastus
Notes: Erastus is a proper noun, referring to a specific individual. In the New Testament, there are two possible individuals named Erastus: one who was a companion of Paul and Timothy, and another who was the city treasurer of Corinth.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Erastus is of Greek origin, derived from the verb 'εράω' (eraō), meaning 'to love' or 'to desire'. Thus, the name means 'beloved' or 'lovely'.
G3623
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-ko-NOH-mos
Translations: steward, manager, administrator, a steward, a manager, a administrator
Notes: This word refers to a household manager, administrator, or steward. It is a compound word derived from 'οικος' (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'household', and 'νεμω' (nemo), meaning 'to distribute' or 'to manage'. Thus, an 'oikonomos' is someone entrusted with the management and distribution of resources within a household or estate. It can also refer to a financial manager or a person responsible for the affairs of a community or church.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΟΣ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΟΣ is a compound of two Greek words: ΟΙΚΟΣ (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'household', and ΝΕΜΩ (nemo), meaning 'to distribute' or 'to manage'. It describes someone who manages a household or its affairs.
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-leh-ohs
Translations: (of) a city, (of) the city, city, a city
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city' or 'town'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of a city' or 'of the city'. For example, 'the walls of the city' or 'the people of the city'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΣΤΥ, ΚΩΜΗ
G2894
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KWAHR-tos
Translations: Quartus
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a specific individual named Quartus. He is mentioned in the New Testament as a Christian who was with Paul when he wrote his letter to the Romans. The name is of Latin origin.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name ΚΟΥΑΡΤΟΣ (Kouartos) is a transliteration of the Latin name Quartus, which means 'fourth'. It was a common Roman praenomen (given name) or cognomen (family name).
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-DEL-fos
Translations: brother, a brother, fellow believer, countryman, kinsman
Notes: This word refers primarily to a male sibling, a brother. However, in a broader sense, it can also denote a fellow human being, a countryman, a kinsman, or, especially in a religious context, a fellow believer or disciple. It is commonly used to address or refer to members of a community or group who share a common bond.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΤΗΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΚΝΟΣ
Etymology: From the prefix 'α-' (a-) meaning 'together' and 'δελφύς' (delphys) meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb', referring to siblings.
G1410
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: doo-NAH-meh-noh
Translations: being able, able, powerful, one who is able, (to) one who is able, (to) the one being able
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is currently able or powerful. It can be translated as 'being able' or 'one who is able', often indicating capability or potential.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Dative, Singular
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ
G4741
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: stee-REE-xai
Translations: to strengthen, to establish, to confirm, to support, to make firm
Notes: This word means to make something firm, stable, or secure. It is often used in a spiritual or moral sense, referring to the act of strengthening someone in their faith, resolve, or purpose, or establishing them in a particular truth or position. It implies providing a solid foundation or support.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΕΒΑΙΟΩ, ΕΔΡΑΖΩ, ΕΠΙΣΤΗΡΙΖΩ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G2098
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: yoo-ang-GEL-ee-on
Translations: gospel, good news, a gospel, a good news
Notes: This word is a compound noun meaning 'good news' or 'gospel'. It refers to a message of good tidings, particularly in the New Testament, the message of salvation through Jesus Christ. It is often used to refer to the Christian message itself or one of the four books that tell the story of Jesus' life and teachings.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΓΜΑ, ΛΟΓΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΟΝ is a compound of two Greek words: εὖ (eu), meaning 'good' or 'well', and ἀγγελία (angelia), meaning 'message' or 'announcement'. Thus, it literally means 'good message' or 'good announcement'.
G2782
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kee-ROOG-mah
Translations: proclamation, a proclamation, preaching, a preaching, message, a message
Notes: This word refers to the act of proclaiming or the content of what is proclaimed. It is often used in the context of a public announcement, a divine message, or the preaching of the Gospel. It can be used to describe the message itself or the act of delivering it.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Genitive
Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΟΝ
Etymology: Derived from the verb ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ (KĒRYSSŌ), meaning 'to proclaim' or 'to preach', which itself comes from ΚΗΡΥΞ (KĒRYX), meaning 'herald' or 'messenger'.
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: EE-oo
Translations: unknown
Notes: It's not clear what this word means. It could be garbled or badly misspelled. In Koine Greek, letters can also represent numbers, with 'Ι' (iota) representing 10 and 'Υ' (upsilon) representing 400. Therefore, 'ΙΥ' could potentially represent the number 410. However, without further context, its exact meaning and usage are uncertain.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: Cannot find any information about the origin of this word in a meaningful context.
G0602
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-po-KA-loop-see
Translations: revelation, an unveiling, a disclosure, (to) revelation, (to) an unveiling, (to) a disclosure
Notes: This word refers to an 'unveiling' or 'disclosure' of something previously hidden or unknown. It is often used in a religious context to describe a divine revelation or the revealing of spiritual truths. It can also refer to the act of making something manifest or clear. The word is a compound of 'apo' (away from) and 'kalypto' (to cover), literally meaning 'to uncover' or 'to take away the covering'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative
Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΩΣΙΣ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΙΣ (apokalypsis) is derived from the Greek prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb καλύπτω (kalyptō), meaning 'to cover' or 'to conceal'. Thus, its etymological meaning is 'an uncovering' or 'a revealing'.
G3466
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: moo-stee-REE-oo
Translations: of mystery, of a mystery, of secret, of a secret
Notes: This word refers to a mystery or a secret. In a theological context, it often denotes a divine secret that was previously hidden but is now revealed, especially through God's revelation. It is used to describe something that is not fully understood or known by everyone, but which may be revealed to those who are initiated or enlightened. It can also refer to a hidden purpose or plan.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΡΥΦΟΝ, ΚΡΥΠΤΟΝ
Etymology: From the Greek verb μυέω (myeō), meaning 'to initiate into the mysteries', which is related to μύω (myō), 'to shut the mouth or eyes'. The word thus implies something that is kept secret or revealed only to initiates.
G5550
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHRO-noys
Translations: to times, in times, at times, to seasons, in seasons, at seasons
Notes: This word refers to a period of time, a season, or an appointed time. It is used to indicate when something occurs or during what duration. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative plural, often translated as 'in times' or 'during the times of'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΙΣ, ΑΙΩΝΕΣ
G0166
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ahee-OH-nee-oys
Translations: (to) eternal, (to) everlasting, (to) age-long, (for) eternal, (for) everlasting, (for) age-long
Notes: This word describes something as existing for an age, or for eternity. It is often translated as 'eternal' or 'everlasting' and is used to describe things that are not limited by time, such as God's nature or the life that comes from Him. It can also refer to something that pertains to a specific age or period of time, rather than strictly endless duration, depending on the context. This form is a dative plural, indicating 'to' or 'for' multiple things that are eternal or age-long.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Synonyms: AIONIOS, AIDIOS, AKATALUTOS
Etymology: The word 'AIWNIOS' is derived from the noun 'AIWN' (G165), meaning 'an age' or 'an indefinite period of time'. The suffix '-ios' forms an adjective, indicating 'pertaining to' or 'of the nature of' an age.
G4601
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: seh-see-gee-MEH-noo
Translations: of having been kept silent, of having been kept secret, of having been commanded to be silent, of having been hushed
Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the perfect passive participle of the verb 'σιγάω' (sigao), meaning 'to be silent' or 'to keep secret'. As a participle, it describes something that has been silenced or kept secret. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, referring to 'that which has been silenced' or 'that which has been kept secret'.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΙΩΠΑΩ, ΚΡΥΠΤΩ
G5319
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: fah-neh-roh-THEN-tos
Translations: of having been revealed, of having been made manifest, of having appeared
Notes: This word is a participle, indicating a completed action in the past. It describes something that has been made visible, known, or brought into the open. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb, and often implies that the revelation or manifestation has already taken place.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Masculine, Singular, Genitive
Synonyms: ΔΗΛΩΘΕΝΤΟΣ, ΓΝΩΡΙΣΘΕΝΤΟΣ
G3568
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: NOON
Translations: now, at present, at this time
Notes: ΝΥΝ is an adverb meaning 'now' or 'at present'. It refers to the current moment in time. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a conclusion in a discourse, indicating a shift to the present situation or a logical consequence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙ, ΗΔΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now'. It is cognate with Latin nunc and English 'now'.
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: GRA-foh
Translations: I write, I draw, I record, I inscribe
Notes: This verb means 'to write' or 'to draw'. It is commonly used to describe the act of putting words or symbols onto a surface, such as paper or a tablet. It can also refer to the act of recording information or composing a text.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gerbh- 'to scratch, to carve'. In ancient Greek, it evolved to mean 'to scratch, to draw, to write'.
G4397
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pro-fay-tee-KOHN
Translations: of prophetic, of the prophetic, prophetic
Notes: This word describes something that pertains to a prophet or prophecy. It is used to indicate that something is prophetic in nature, such as prophetic words or writings. It is an adjective that modifies a noun, indicating its connection to prophecy.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΦΗΤΕΙΑΣ, ΠΡΟΦΗΤΕΥΤΙΚΟΣ
G2026
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-ee-ta-GAYN
Translations: command, a command, order, an order, instruction, an instruction, injunction, an injunction
Notes: This word refers to a command, order, or instruction given by someone in authority. It implies a directive that is to be followed. It is often used in contexts where a specific directive or mandate is being issued.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΗ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΓΜΑ, ΔΙΑΤΑΓΗ
G0166
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ahee-OH-nee-oo
Translations: of eternal, of everlasting, of age-long, of perpetual
Notes: This word describes something that is eternal, everlasting, or pertaining to an age or eon. It signifies a duration that is either without end or of a very long, indefinite period, often referring to a quality rather than just a quantity of time. It is used to describe things like eternal life, eternal glory, or eternal punishment.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΙΔΙΟΣ, ΑΤΕΛΕΥΤΗΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΙΩΝΙΟΣ (aionios) is derived from the noun ΑΙΩΝ (aion), meaning 'age' or 'eon'. It describes that which pertains to or is characteristic of an age or eternity.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-OO
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for the word ΘΕΟΥ (Theou), meaning 'of God'. It is used to refer to the divine being, God, in the genitive case. In ancient Greek texts, nomina sacra were common contractions for frequently used sacred names and titles, indicating reverence and saving space. This form would typically be used in phrases like 'the house of God' or 'the power of God'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do, to place, to set', or possibly 'to shine'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for a deity or god.
G5218
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-pah-ko-ANE
Translations: obedience, an obedience, submission, hearkening
Notes: This word refers to the act of listening attentively and responding to what is heard, leading to compliance or submission. It implies a willingness to follow instructions or commands, often in a religious or moral context. It is frequently used to describe the act of obeying God or His will.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΙΑ, ΥΠΟΤΑΓΗ
G4102
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pis-TEH-ohs
Translations: of faith, of belief, of trust, of conviction
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'πίστις' (pistis), meaning 'faith', 'belief', or 'trust'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' in English. For example, 'the work of faith' or 'by means of faith'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ, ΕΜΠΙΣΤΟΣΥΝΗ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-ta
Translations: all, every, everything, all things
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. In its plural neuter form, as seen here, it often translates to 'all things' or 'everything'. It is used to indicate totality or universality, referring to a complete set or collection of items or concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-nay
Translations: nations, Gentiles, peoples
Notes: This word refers to groups of people, often distinct from a specific nation or group. In a biblical context, especially in the New Testament, it frequently refers to the 'Gentiles' or 'nations' as distinct from Israel. It can also simply mean 'peoples' or 'tribes'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΙ, ΦΥΛΑΙ
G1107
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: gno-rees-THEN-tos
Translations: of having been made known, of being made known, of having been revealed, of being revealed
Notes: This is a passive participle, indicating an action that has been completed or is in the process of being completed, and the subject is receiving the action. It refers to something that has been or is being made known or revealed. As a genitive singular, it often functions to modify a noun in the genitive case or to express a causal or temporal relationship.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ
G3441
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MOH-noh
Translations: to only, to alone, to single, to unique, to solitary
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'only,' 'alone,' 'single,' or 'unique.' It is used to describe something that is singular or exclusive. As a dative form, it indicates the recipient or indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for' before the English equivalent.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ, ΕΙΣ
G4680
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: so-FOH
Translations: (to) a wise person, (to) the wise, (to) a wise man, (to) the wise man
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the adjective 'wise'. It is often used substantively, meaning 'to a wise person' or 'to the wise man'. It indicates the indirect object of an action, showing to whom or for whom something is done.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΡΟΝΙΜΩ, ΣΥΝΕΤΩ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THEH-oh
Translations: to God, for God, God
Notes: This word is a nomina sacra, a contracted form of the Koine Greek word ΘΕΩ (THEO). It is the dative singular form of the noun ΘΕΟΣ (THEOS), meaning 'God'. As a dative case, it typically indicates the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. Thus, it is commonly translated as 'to God' or 'for God'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
G1391
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOK-sah
Translations: glory, a glory, splendor, honor, praise, reputation, dignity, majesty
Notes: This word refers to glory, splendor, or honor. It can describe the inherent majesty of God, the praise given to someone, or a person's reputation. It is often used in a theological context to refer to the divine nature or manifestation of God's presence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΗ, ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΕΥΚΛΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the Greek verb δοκέω (dokeō), meaning 'to seem, to appear, to think'. The noun originally referred to an opinion or expectation, then evolved to mean 'reputation' and eventually 'glory' or 'splendor'.
G0165
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahee-OH-nas
Translations: age, an age, eternity, forever, world, a world, course, a course
Notes: This word refers to a period of time, which can be an age, an era, or even eternity. It can also refer to the world or the present order of things. Its meaning often depends on the context, sometimes denoting a long, indefinite period, and at other times a specific, defined epoch. It is a masculine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΙΩΝ (aion) comes from an ancient root meaning 'living' or 'vital force', evolving to denote a lifetime, then an age, and eventually eternity. It is related to the concept of continuous existence.
G0165
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahee-OH-nohn
Translations: of ages, of eternities, of worlds
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'ΑΙΩΝ' (aiōn), meaning 'age,' 'eternity,' or 'world.' It is often used in phrases to denote an indefinite period of time, such as 'forever' or 'unto the ages of ages,' emphasizing an unending duration or a succession of ages.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΩΝ, ΚΑΙΡΩΝ
G0281
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ah-MEN
Translations: Amen, truly, verily, so be it
Notes: This word is an affirmation, meaning 'truly' or 'so be it'. It is often used to express agreement or to confirm the truth of a statement. It can appear at the beginning of a sentence to emphasize the truthfulness of what is about to be said, or at the end of a prayer or declaration to signify assent and a desire for the preceding words to come to pass.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΝΑΙ
Etymology: The word is a transliteration of the Hebrew word 'āmēn', meaning 'certainly', 'truly', or 'so be it'. It is derived from a root meaning 'to be firm' or 'to be reliable'.
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