2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G2448

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAHS

Translations: Judas, Judah

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to a person or a geographical region. In the New Testament, it most commonly refers to Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve apostles who betrayed Jesus, or to Judas, the brother of Jesus. It can also refer to the tribe of Judah or the kingdom of Judah in the Old Testament context. It is used as a subject or object in sentences.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: From Hebrew יְהוּדָה (Yehudah), meaning 'praised'. It refers to the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, and subsequently to the tribe and kingdom descended from him.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G2479

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: is-KHOO-ee

Translations: to strength, to power, to might, to ability, by strength, by power, by might, by ability

Notes: This word refers to strength, power, or might. It can denote physical strength, moral power, or inherent ability. It is often used to describe the capacity to do something or to overcome obstacles. In the dative case, as seen here, it indicates the means by which something is done, or the recipient of an action related to strength.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

G4369

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-teth-ee-MEH-noys

Translations: added, those who have been added, to those who have been added, for those who have been added

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been added' or 'those who have been added'. It describes something that has been joined, attached, or increased. In the provided examples, it refers to people or things that have been joined to a group or situation.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Dative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΟΛΛΩΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΠΡΟΣΕΤΕΘΗΣΑΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek προστίθημι (prostithemi), a compound of πρός (pros, 'to, toward') and τίθημι (tithemi, 'to put, place').

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-soy

Translations: as many as, all who, whoever, how many

Notes: This word functions as a relative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'as many as' or 'all who'. It introduces a relative clause and refers to a quantity or number of people or things. It is used to connect a dependent clause to a main clause, specifying the extent or number of the antecedent.

Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ὅς (hos, 'this, that') and the suffix -σος (-sos), indicating quantity or degree. It is related to other words indicating quantity or extent.

G1437

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G4334

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-EL-thoh-sin

Translations: they come to, they approach, they draw near, they go to

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros, meaning 'to' or 'towards') and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai, meaning 'to come' or 'to go'). It means to come to, approach, or draw near to someone or something. It is often used in a legal or formal context, such as approaching a judge or a court, or in a religious context, such as approaching God.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Subjunctive, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΙΖΩ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΙΖΩ

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: IS-toh-sin

Translations: they know, they stand, they cause to stand, they set, they appoint, they establish

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), which means 'to stand', 'to cause to stand', 'to set', 'to appoint', or 'to establish'. In some contexts, particularly in the perfect tense, it can also mean 'to know' or 'to be acquainted with', as the perfect tense of ἵστημι (héstēka) can mean 'I stand' or 'I know'. The meaning depends heavily on the context and the specific tense/voice used.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Present Active Subjunctive or Third Person Plural, Perfect Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΣΤΑΝ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ἵστημι (histēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-, meaning 'to stand'. It is related to many words in various Indo-European languages that convey the idea of standing or setting.

G1334

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ay-GAY-san-toh

Translations: they related, they narrated, they recounted, they described, they told

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'διηγέομαι'. It means to relate, narrate, recount, or describe something in detail. It is used when a group of people tell a story, give an account, or provide a detailed description of events.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΕΚΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G2616

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-krah-TEH-san

Translations: they took possession of, they held fast, they overpowered, they prevailed against, they seized

Notes: This word describes the act of taking firm control or possession of something, often implying a strong or forceful grasp. It can also mean to overpower or prevail against someone or something. It is typically used in a past tense context, indicating that the action of taking control or prevailing has already occurred.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word κατακρατέω (katakrateō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb κρατέω (krateō), meaning 'to be strong', 'to rule', or 'to hold power'. Thus, it signifies a strong or complete exercise of power or control.

G0071

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-GAH-gon

Translations: I led, I brought, I carried, I took, they led, they brought, they carried, they took

Notes: This word is an aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ἄγω' (ago), meaning 'to lead', 'to bring', 'to carry', or 'to take'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point. Depending on the context, it can be translated as 'I led/brought/carried/took' (first person singular) or 'they led/brought/carried/took' (third person plural).

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΠΑΓΩ

Etymology: The word 'ἄγω' (ago) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to drive, lead, or draw'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with many derivatives.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-sah

Translations: as many as, all that, whatever, how many, all things whatsoever, whatever things

Notes: This word is the neuter plural form of the relative pronoun/adjective ὅσος (hosos). It means 'as many as' or 'all that/which' and is used to introduce a relative clause, referring to an indefinite quantity or number of things. It can function as both a pronoun (e.g., 'whatever things') or an adjective (e.g., 'as many things as'). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: PANTA, HAPAS

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode, 'this') and the interrogative pronoun τίς (tis, 'who? what?').

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2615

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-krah-TAY-sai

Translations: to overpower, to master, to prevail against, to take possession of, to seize, to subdue

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb κρατέω (krateō), meaning 'to be strong, to rule, to hold'. Together, it means to gain complete mastery or control over something or someone, often implying a forceful or decisive action. It describes the act of overcoming an opponent or taking firm possession of a place or thing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΚΡΑΤΕΩ is a compound verb derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb κρατέω (krateō), meaning 'to be strong, to rule, to hold power'.

G3329

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-TAL-lohn

Translations: of metals, of mines, of a mine, of a metal

Notes: This word refers to metals or mines. It is used to describe something belonging to or associated with metals or mining operations. For example, it could refer to the products of a mine or the mines themselves.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΡΥΓΜΑΤΩΝ, ΜΕΤΑΛΛΕΥΜΑΤΩΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon), meaning 'mine, metal'. Its origin is uncertain, possibly from a root meaning 'to search' or 'to explore'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1012

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BOO-lay

Translations: counsel, a counsel, plan, a plan, purpose, a purpose, will, a will, decision, a decision

Notes: This word refers to a counsel, a plan, a purpose, or a decision. It denotes the act of deliberating or the result of such deliberation, often implying a firm intention or resolution. It can be used in contexts referring to human plans or, more profoundly, to the divine will or purpose.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΜΑ, ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb βούλομαι (boulomai), meaning 'to will, wish, or purpose'. It refers to the act or result of willing or planning.

G3115

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mah-kroh-thoo-MEE-ah

Translations: patience, longsuffering, endurance, a patience, a longsuffering, an endurance

Notes: This word is a compound noun, combining 'μακρός' (makros), meaning 'long' or 'large', and 'θυμός' (thymos), meaning 'temper', 'passion', or 'spirit'. It refers to the quality of being patient, especially in enduring wrongs or provocations without immediate retaliation or anger. It signifies a long-suffering spirit, a steadfastness in the face of adversity, or a delay in avenging wrongs. It is often used to describe God's patience towards humanity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΟΝΗ, ΑΝΟΧΗ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΚΡΟΘΥΜΙΑ is a compound of two Greek words: μακρός (makros), meaning 'long' or 'large', and θυμός (thymos), meaning 'temper', 'passion', or 'spirit'. It literally means 'long-tempered' or 'long-spirited'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G0568

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-PEH-khon

Translations: being far off, distant, having received in full, keeping away from

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb ἀπέχω (apechō). It is a compound word formed from ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Depending on the context, it can mean 'being far off' or 'distant' in a spatial sense, or 'having received in full' when referring to payment or reward, or 'keeping oneself away from' something.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΑΚΡΑΝ, ΠΟΡΡΩ

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

G1904

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ep-el-THON-ton

Translations: of those who came upon, of those who came against, of those who came over, of those who came, of those who arrived, of those who approached, of those who attacked

Notes: This word is a genitive plural masculine/neuter participle derived from the verb 'eperchomai', meaning 'to come upon, come against, come over, arrive, approach, or attack'. It describes a group of people who have performed the action of coming or arriving in some manner, often with an implication of hostility or a sudden appearance. In context, it often refers to those who have arrived or attacked.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΛΘΟΝΤΩΝ, ΠΑΡΟΝΤΩΝ, ΠΡΟΣΕΛΘΟΝΤΩΝ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G206

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-KROO

Translations: of the end, of the top, of the extremity, of the highest point, of the tip, of the summit, an end, a top, an extremity, a highest point, a tip, a summit

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ἈΚΡΟΣ', meaning 'end', 'top', or 'extremity'. It is often used in phrases like 'from the end of the earth' or 'to the very top'. It refers to the outermost or highest point of something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΟΣ, ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΚΟΡΥΦΗ

Etymology: The word 'ἈΚΡΟΣ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'sharp' or 'pointed'. It refers to the highest or outermost point.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G1954

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-LOI-poy

Translations: remaining, the rest, the others, the residue

Notes: This word refers to what is left over or remaining after a part has been removed or dealt with. It can be used as an adjective to describe things that are remaining, or as a substantive noun to refer to the remaining people or things.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΟΙΠΟΙ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΙ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΣ (epiloipos) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the adjective ΛΟΙΠΟΣ (loipos), meaning 'remaining' or 'the rest'.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: di-DO-a-sin

Translations: they give, they are giving, they grant, they offer

Notes: This word means 'they give' or 'they are giving'. It describes the action of multiple subjects providing, granting, or offering something. It is used in sentences where a group of people or things are performing the act of giving.

Inflection: Third person plural, Present Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to give'. It is related to words for giving in many Indo-European languages.

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G1869

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ep-AYR-meh-noos

Translations: lifted up, exalted, arrogant, proud, those who are lifted up, those who are exalted, those who are arrogant, those who are proud

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been lifted up' or 'having been exalted'. It can also carry the connotation of being arrogant or proud due to being lifted up. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing a noun or verb, and in this form, it refers to a group of people who are in such a state.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ὙΨΗΛΟΥΣ, ὙΠΕΡΗΦΑΝΟΥΣ

G0491

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-o-khon

Translations: Antiochus

Notes: Antiochus is a common Greek proper name, frequently used for kings of the Seleucid Empire and other historical figures. In this form, it is the direct object of a verb or preposition, indicating the person 'Antiochus' is receiving the action.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'Ἀντίοχος' (Antíochos), meaning 'resisting' or 'steadfast'. It is a compound of 'ἀντί' (antí, 'against, in return for') and 'ἔχω' (ékhō, 'to have, to hold').

G4198

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: por-yoo-THEN-tah

Translations: having gone, having departed, having traveled, having walked, having proceeded

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'poreuō', meaning 'to go' or 'to travel'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that has performed the action of going or departing. It can also be used adverbially to indicate the manner or circumstance of an action. In the provided examples, it describes individuals who have 'gone' or 'departed' in various contexts, such as going to war or going after foreign gods.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΛΘΟΝΤΑΣ, ΒΑΔΙΣΑΝΤΑΣ

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: EKH-on-tah

Translations: having, holding, possessing, keeping, holding fast, the one having

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'having' or 'holding'. It describes an ongoing action of possession or holding. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun that 'has' something, or adverbially, indicating the manner in which an action is performed (e.g., 'while having'). In the provided examples, it describes things that 'do not have' a leader, trees 'having' branches, and 'the one having' all power.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΑ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΝ

G4937

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-TREE-bee

Translations: was broken, was crushed, was shattered, was bruised

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be broken,' 'to be crushed,' or 'to be shattered.' It is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'συντρίβω' (syntribō), indicating an action that was completed in the past and was done to the subject. It can be used to describe physical breaking or crushing, or metaphorically, such as being broken in spirit.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΘΛΑΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΝΥΜΙ, ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LAH-bon

Translations: I took, they took, I received, they received, I seized, they seized

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take', 'to receive', or 'to seize'. The ending '-ον' indicates that it can be either the first person singular ('I took/received/seized') or the third person plural ('they took/received/seized'). The aorist tense describes a simple, completed action in the past, without emphasis on its duration or repetition. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'they took the book' or 'I received the message'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tay-san

Translations: they stood, they stood still, they set, they appointed, they established

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'histēmi'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point. It can mean 'they stood' or 'they stood still', indicating a state of being or a cessation of movement. It can also mean 'they set' or 'they appointed', referring to the act of placing something or establishing a rule or person in a position.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DI-DOH-nai

Translations: to give, to grant, to bestow, to offer, to deliver

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didōmi), meaning 'to give'. It is used to express the action of giving, granting, or delivering something. For example, it can be used in constructions like 'to be able to give' or 'for the purpose of giving'.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΔΩΡΕΩ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present form, characteristic of many verbs in Ancient Greek.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G0936

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ohn-tas

Translations: ruling, reigning, being king, kings, those who rule, those who reign

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'ruling' or 'reigning'. It describes someone who is actively exercising royal power or acting as a king. It can be used substantively to refer to 'those who are ruling' or 'kings'. In the provided context, it is in the accusative plural, indicating the direct object of an action, referring to multiple individuals who are ruling.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Feminine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΟΝΤΑΣ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3676

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OH-may-rah

Translations: hostage, a hostage, hostages

Notes: This word refers to a person given or held as security for the fulfillment of an agreement or demand. It is commonly used in the context of treaties, truces, or military situations where individuals are held to ensure compliance or prevent hostile actions. It can be used in both singular and plural forms, referring to one or multiple hostages.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Singular, Feminine, Nominative

Etymology: The word "ΟΜΗΡΟΣ" (homēros) is derived from the Greek verb "ὁμηρέω" (homēreō), meaning "to meet, to agree, to be a hostage." It is related to "ὅμηρος" (homēros), meaning "pledge" or "security."

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G2570

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KAL-lis-ton

Translations: of the most beautiful, of the best, of the noblest

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'καλός' (kalos), meaning 'beautiful,' 'good,' or 'noble.' As a superlative, 'κάλλιστος' means 'most beautiful,' 'best,' or 'noblest.' In the genitive plural, it indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of the most beautiful ones' or 'of the best things.' It is used to describe something belonging to or originating from a group of the highest quality or beauty.

Inflection: Superlative, Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΩΝ, ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΩΝ

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: lah-BON-tes

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed. It often conveys the sense of 'having taken' or 'having received' and can be used to introduce a subordinate clause, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main action. For example, 'having taken the letter, they did not hurry'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OW-tas

Translations: them, themselves

Notes: This word is a pronoun meaning 'them' or 'themselves'. It is used to refer to a group of feminine nouns or persons in the accusative case, indicating that they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can function as a simple pronoun or as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the subjects themselves.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΦΑΣ, ΣΦΕΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient Greek pronoun that has been in use since classical times, referring to 'self' or 'same', and developing into a general third-person pronoun.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOH-kahn

Translations: they gave, they did give

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'they gave' or 'they did give'. It describes an action of giving that occurred in the past. It is typically used when referring to multiple subjects who performed the act of giving.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΔΩΚΑΝ, ΕΔΩΚΑΝ

Etymology: The root word δίδωμι (didōmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃- meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present stem, common in ancient Greek verbs.

G2117

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-MEH-ney

Translations: kind, benevolent, favorable, well-disposed, gracious

Notes: This word describes someone who is kind, benevolent, or well-disposed towards others. It indicates a favorable or gracious disposition. It is often used to describe someone who is friendly or helpful.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΓΑΘΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ, ΦΙΛΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΜΕΝΗΣ (eumenēs) is a compound word formed from the Greek prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'well' or 'good', and the noun ΜΕΝΟΣ (menos), meaning 'mind', 'spirit', or 'disposition'. Thus, it literally means 'well-minded' or 'well-disposed'.

G1097

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eg-NOHS-thay

Translations: was known, became known, was made known

Notes: This word is a verb in the aorist passive indicative form. It means 'was known' or 'became known', indicating that something came to be understood or recognized by others. It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject of the verb is the one being known, rather than the one doing the knowing.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΦΑΝΕΡΩΘΗ, ΕΔΗΛΩΘΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to know'. It is related to the English word 'know' and Latin 'gnoscere'.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goss

Translations: word, a word, reason, a reason, account, an account, speech, a speech, message, a message, report, a report, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, saying, a saying, discourse, a discourse

Notes: The word 'logos' is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a wide range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, or a command. Beyond simple communication, it also encompasses concepts like reason, logic, an account, a narrative, or even a divine utterance or principle. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. It refers to something said or thought, and its meaning evolved to encompass both speech and the underlying reason or thought.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G5134

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: trow-ma-TEE-ai

Translations: wounded men, wounded people, injured men, injured people

Notes: This word refers to individuals who have suffered a wound or injury. It is used to describe those who are physically harmed, often in battle or through an accident. It functions as a plural noun in a sentence.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΤΡΩΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΕΠΛΗΓΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΤΡΑΥΜΑΤΙΑΣ (traumatias) comes from the Greek word ΤΡΑΥΜΑ (trauma), meaning 'wound' or 'injury'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G2507

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-THEH-ee-lon

Translations: pulled down, tore down, overthrew, destroyed

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb αἱρέω (haireō, meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'). Together, it means to take down, pull down, tear down, or overthrow. It is often used in contexts of demolishing structures, such as altars or walls, or overthrowing authorities.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ

G3795

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: okh-y-ROH-mah-tah

Translations: stronghold, strongholds, fortress, fortresses, a stronghold, a fortress

Notes: This word refers to a fortified place or a strong defense, literally or figuratively. It can describe a physical fortress or a metaphorical stronghold, such as an argument, a belief system, or anything that offers strong resistance or protection. In a figurative sense, it can represent obstacles or arguments that stand against truth or progress.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ, ΤΕΙΧΟΣ

G2615

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-doo-LOH-sahn-toh

Translations: they enslaved, they brought into bondage, they made slaves of

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb 'δουλόω' (douloo), meaning 'to enslave' or 'to make a slave'. The combined meaning is to completely enslave or bring into subjection. It describes the act of reducing someone to a state of servitude or bondage.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΥΠΟΤΑΣΣΩ

G1954

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-pee-LOI-poos

Translations: remaining, the rest, the others, a remaining, an other

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'remaining' or 'the rest'. It is used to describe what is left over or what constitutes the remainder of a group or quantity. It can function substantively, meaning 'the rest of the people' or 'the remaining things', depending on the context and gender.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine or Feminine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΛΟΙΠΟΣ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΣ

G4218

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PO-teh

Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.

G2704

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tef-THEY-ran

Translations: they destroyed, they corrupted, they ruined, they wasted

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely,' and the verb φθείρω (phtheirō), meaning 'to corrupt' or 'to destroy.' The combined meaning is 'to utterly destroy,' 'to ruin completely,' or 'to corrupt thoroughly.' It describes an action of complete devastation or moral decay carried out by a group of people.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΟΛΕΘΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word is derived from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely,' and the verb φθείρω (phtheirō), which means 'to corrupt,' 'to destroy,' or 'to decay.' The prefix intensifies the meaning of the verb, indicating a complete or thorough destruction.

G1396

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-doo-LOH-san

Translations: enslaved, made slaves, brought into bondage

Notes: This word means to enslave, to make someone a slave, or to bring them into servitude. It describes the act of subjugating individuals or groups, often through conquest or force, and forcing them into a state of bondage or service. It is used to describe the action of one party making another party their servant or slave.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΙΧΜΑΛΩΤΕΥΩ, ΥΠΟΤΑΣΣΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΟΥΛΟΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΟΥΛΟΩ (douloō) is derived from the noun ΔΟΥΛΟΣ (doulos), meaning 'slave' or 'servant'. It signifies the act of making someone a δούλος.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1879

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eh-pah-nah-pah-yoh-MEH-nohn

Translations: resting upon, relying upon, trusting in, leaning upon

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to rest upon' or 'to rely upon'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of resting or depending on something else. It is often used to convey a sense of trust or confidence placed in another person or entity.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΠΑΥΩ, ΠΕΠΟΙΘΩΣ, ἘΠΙΣΤΗΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἐπαναπαύω (epanapauō) is a compound verb formed from three parts: ἐπί (epi, 'upon'), ἀνά (ana, 'up' or 'again'), and παύω (pauō, 'to cease' or 'to rest'). Thus, it literally means 'to rest up upon' or 'to cease upon', conveying the sense of settling down or relying on something.

G4933

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-tay-RAY-sahn

Translations: they kept, they preserved, they observed, they guarded, they held fast

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition "σύν" (with, together) and the verb "τηρέω" (to keep, guard, observe). It means to keep together, to preserve, to observe carefully, or to guard. It is used to describe an action where a group of people or multiple entities perform the act of keeping or preserving something collectively or thoroughly.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΔΙΑΤΗΡΕΩ

G1451

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective, Preposition

Sounds like: eng-GYS

Translations: near, close, at hand, nigh

Notes: This word indicates proximity, either in terms of physical distance (near, close) or temporal closeness (at hand, imminent). It is often used to describe something that is about to happen or is very close in time. It can function adverbially, modifying a verb, or adjectivally, describing a noun, and sometimes as a preposition taking the genitive case.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ, ΠΑΡΩΝ

Etymology: The etymology of ἘΓΓΥΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the root for 'hand' or 'reach', suggesting something within reach.

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G0936

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-oo-een

Translations: to reign, to rule, to be king, to be a king

Notes: This word means to reign, to rule, or to act as a king. As an infinitive, it often functions like an English 'to' verb, indicating purpose or result, such as 'to reign' or 'for ruling'. It describes the exercise of royal authority or sovereignty.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΕΙΝ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΕΙΝ

Etymology: The word ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΩ (basileuō) comes from the noun ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ (basileus), meaning 'king'. It describes the action or state of being a king.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AN

Translations: if, perhaps, whatever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, as soon as, until, before

Notes: This word is a conditional particle used to express possibility, contingency, or indefiniteness. It is often used with the subjunctive mood to form conditional clauses, indicating that an action or state is dependent on a certain condition. It can also be combined with other words to form indefinite relative pronouns or adverbs, such as 'whoever', 'whatever', or 'whenever'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΟΤΑΝ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The particle 'an' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en- meaning 'on, at'. It is an ancient Greek particle that has been used since classical times.

G3179

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meth-is-TOH-sin

Translations: they remove, they transfer, they change, they displace, they depose

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to remove, transfer, or change. It implies causing someone or something to move from one place or state to another, often with the sense of displacing, deposing, or altering. It can be used in contexts of political change, physical relocation, or a shift in condition.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Present Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΑΦΑΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek μετά (metá, 'with, among, after') and ἵστημι (hístēmi, 'to stand, to set'). The combination implies a change of position or state.

G5312

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eep-soh-THEH-san

Translations: they were lifted up, they were exalted, they were raised, they were elevated

Notes: This word describes an action where a group of people or things were lifted up, raised, or exalted. It is in the passive voice, indicating that the subjects of the verb received the action rather than performing it. It can refer to physical elevation or a metaphorical raising in status or pride.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΣΤΗΘΗΣΑΝ, ΕΠΑΡΘΗΣΑΝ, ΑΝΥΨΩΘΗΣΑΝ

Etymology: The word ΥΨΟΩ (hypsoo) comes from the Greek word ὕψος (hypsos), meaning 'height' or 'summit'. It refers to the act of raising something to a higher position or exalting it.

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G2029

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEH-then-toh

Translations: they laid upon, they put upon, they attacked, they imposed, they inflicted

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'epitithēmi', meaning to lay upon, put upon, or place upon. It can refer to physically placing something on someone or something, such as hands in blessing or healing, or a burden. It can also mean to impose something, like a law or a tax, or to attack someone, often by laying hands on them with hostile intent. In the provided context, it often implies an act of aggression or imposition.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΒΑΛΛΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: oo-DACE

Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, none, no

Notes: This word is a compound negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one,' 'nobody,' 'nothing,' or 'no.' It is formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not), the connective particle 'δέ' (but, and), and the numeral 'εἷς' (one). It is used to express absolute negation, indicating the complete absence of something or someone. When used as an adjective, it modifies a noun to mean 'no' or 'not any.'

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΔΕΙΣ is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓ (not), the connective particle ΔΕ (but, and), and the numeral ΕΙΣ (one). It literally means 'not even one' or 'not one at all,' emphasizing a complete negation.

G1238

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-AH-day-mah

Translations: diadem, a diadem, crown, a crown

Notes: A diadem is a type of crown, specifically a headband or fillet worn as a symbol of royalty or authority. It signifies sovereign power and is typically worn by kings, queens, or other rulers. It is often used in contexts describing the investiture or display of royal authority.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek διάδημα (diádēma), from διαδέω (diadéō, “to bind around”), from διά (diá, “through, across”) + δέω (déō, “to bind”). It refers to something bound around the head.

G4016

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-EH-bah-lon-toh

Translations: they put on, they clothed themselves, they wrapped around, they surrounded

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around,' and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw.' Together, it means to throw around, to put on clothing, to clothe oneself, or to surround something. It is often used to describe the act of putting on garments or other coverings.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΩ, ΑΜΦΙΕΝΝΥΜΙ

G5620

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: HOH-steh

Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.

G0006

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-droo-NTHAY-nye

Translations: to ripen, to mature, to grow rich, to grow powerful, to become strong

Notes: This word is an aorist passive infinitive, meaning 'to be ripened' or 'to become mature/rich/powerful'. It describes the process of something reaching its full development or potential, often in terms of wealth, power, or physical maturity. It can be used to indicate a state of becoming or being brought to a state of fullness.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΛΟΥΤΙΖΩ, ΕΥΠΟΡΕΩ, ΤΕΛΕΙΟΩ

Etymology: The word ἀδρύνω (adrynō) is derived from the adjective ἁδρός (hadros), meaning 'thick, stout, strong, rich, abundant'. It signifies the process of becoming or making something 'hadros'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TEH

Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves

Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.

G1010

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: boo-ley-TEE-ree-on

Translations: council-chamber, senate-house, council-hall, a council-chamber, a senate-house, a council-hall

Notes: This word refers to a place where a council or senate meets to deliberate and make decisions. It is a building or hall specifically designated for such gatherings. It is a compound word derived from 'βουλή' (counsel, plan) and the suffix '-τήριον' (place for).

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΒΟΥΛΕΥΤΗΡΙΟΝ is derived from the Greek word βουλεύω (bouleuo), meaning 'to take counsel, deliberate,' which itself comes from βουλή (boule), meaning 'counsel, plan, will, decision.' The suffix -τήριον (-terion) indicates a place where an action is performed.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOYS

Translations: (to) themselves, (for) themselves, themselves, (among) themselves

Notes: This is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. It is used when the action of the verb is directed back to the subject of the sentence. For example, 'they gave to themselves' or 'they saw themselves'. It emphasizes that the subject is both the actor and the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, a compound of the reflexive pronoun 'ἑός' (heos, 'his own') and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self').

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G1011

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: boo-LEH-oo-meh-noy

Translations: deliberating, planning, consulting, devising, those who are deliberating, those who are planning

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'deliberating' or 'planning'. It describes individuals who are in the process of making a decision, forming a plan, or consulting together. It can be used to refer to 'those who are deliberating' or 'the ones who are planning'.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΟΥΛΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΛΟΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thooss

Translations: of a multitude, of a crowd, of a great number, of a throng, of a quantity, of a great amount, of a fullness, of a great company

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things, a multitude, or a crowd. It can also denote a great amount or fullness. It is used to describe a large gathering of people or a significant quantity of something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΜΑ

Etymology: From the root *pleth-, related to the idea of being full or abundant. It is connected to the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁- meaning 'to fill'.

G2156

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-kos-MEIN

Translations: to behave properly, to be orderly, to be well-ordered, to be decent

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the Greek words 'εὖ' (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good,' and 'κοσμέω' (kosmeō), meaning 'to order,' 'to arrange,' or 'to adorn.' Therefore, it means 'to be well-ordered,' 'to behave in a seemly or proper manner,' or 'to be decent.' It describes the act of maintaining good order or decorum, often in one's conduct.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΕΩ, ΕΥ̓ΤΑΚΤΕΩ

Etymology: Derived from the prefix 'εὖ' (eu), meaning 'well,' and the verb 'κοσμέω' (kosmeō), meaning 'to order, arrange, adorn.' The root 'κόσμος' (kosmos) originally referred to order or arrangement, and later to the world or universe as a well-ordered system.

G4100

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pis-TEH-oo-sin

Translations: they believe, they are believing, they trust, they are trusting, they have faith, they are having faith

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to believe', 'to trust', or 'to have faith'. It describes the action of placing one's confidence or reliance in someone or something. It is often used in the context of religious faith, indicating belief in God or a divine message, but can also refer to trusting in a person or an object. It is the third person plural present active indicative form of the verb.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑ, ΕΛΠΙΖΩ, ΠΕΙΘΟΜΑΙ

G1762

Part of Speech: Adverb, Verb

Sounds like: EH-nee

Translations: there is, there are, it is possible, it is lawful, it is present, it is in

Notes: ΕΝΙ is an enclitic adverbial form of the verb εἰμί (eimi), meaning 'to be'. It typically translates to 'there is' or 'there are', indicating existence or presence. It can also convey the meaning 'it is possible' or 'it is lawful'. In some contexts, it functions as an adverb meaning 'in' or 'within', often implying 'it is in' or 'it is present in'. It is a common word in Koine Greek, used to express existence or possibility.

Inflection: Third person singular, present indicative, active, enclitic form of εἰμί (eimi)

Synonyms: ΕΣΤΙΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙ

G0757

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AR-khein

Translations: to rule, to govern, to lead, to begin, to be first

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ἈΡΧΩ'. It means 'to rule' or 'to govern', indicating the act of exercising authority or leadership over someone or something. It can also mean 'to begin' or 'to be first', referring to the initiation of an action or being in a primary position. It is used to express the purpose or result of an action, or as the subject or object of another verb.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΩ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From the noun ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'beginning, origin, rule, authority'. The verb thus relates to both the concept of starting something and holding a position of power.

G2961

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: koo-ree-YOO-ayn

Translations: to rule, to have dominion over, to be lord over, to master, to control, to prevail over

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to exercise authority or control over something or someone. It implies having power, dominion, or mastery. It can be used in contexts where one person or entity holds sway over another, or where a quality or force dominates a situation.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ, ΔΕΣΠΟΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ (kyrieuō) is derived from ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (kyrios), meaning 'lord' or 'master'. It signifies the act of being a lord or master, or exercising the authority of one.

G5355

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: FTHO-nos

Translations: envy, jealousy, a grudge, ill-will

Notes: This word refers to the feeling of envy or jealousy, often accompanied by ill-will or a grudge towards another person's possessions, advantages, or success. It describes a negative emotion that can lead to harmful actions or attitudes.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΖΗΛΟΣ, ΒΑΣΚΑΝΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'φθόνος' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'φθάνω' (to anticipate, to be before), implying a sense of being outdone or surpassed.

G2205

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ZAY-los

Translations: zeal, jealousy, envy, indignation, a zeal, a jealousy, an envy, an indignation

Notes: This word refers to intense passion or fervor, which can manifest in both positive and negative ways. It can mean a strong enthusiasm or devotion (zeal), or a negative emotion like jealousy or envy, often accompanied by indignation or rivalry. Its meaning depends on the context, indicating either a commendable passion for something good or a destructive, resentful feeling towards others.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΦΘΟΝΟΣ, ΕΡΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΖΗΛΟΣ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to boil' or 'to ferment,' suggesting an intense, bubbling emotion. It is related to the verb ζέω (zeō), meaning 'to boil' or 'to be hot.'

G1951

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-LEH-xen

Translations: chose, selected, picked out

Notes: This word means 'he/she/it chose' or 'he/she/it selected'. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to gather'. In this context, the combination implies choosing or selecting from a group, often with a specific purpose or preference. It describes an action completed in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΩ, ΕΚΛΕΓΩ

G2491

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oh-AN-noo

Translations: of John

Notes: This is the genitive form of the proper noun 'John'. It is a common name in the Bible, referring to several individuals, most notably John the Baptist and John the Apostle. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'the son of John' or 'the Gospel of John'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'John' is derived from the Hebrew name Yochanan (יוחנן), meaning 'Yahweh is gracious' or 'God is gracious'. It was a very common name among Jews in the Second Temple period.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: AK-khos

Translations: Akchos, Akchous

Notes: This word is a proper noun, likely a personal name. In the provided context, it appears in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, meaning 'of Akchos' or 'son of Akchos'. It is not a common word in Koine Greek texts like the New Testament or Septuagint, suggesting it might be a less common name or a transliteration from another language.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of this specific proper noun is not readily available in standard Greek lexicons. It is likely a name of foreign origin or a less common Greek name.

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: STAY-sai

Translations: to stand, to set, to establish, to appoint, to make to stand

Notes: ΣΤΗΣΑΙ is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi). It means 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand,' and can also convey the sense of 'to set,' 'to establish,' or 'to appoint.' As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to' + verb, indicating purpose or result, and can be used in various grammatical constructions.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ἵστημι (histēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-, meaning 'to stand.' It is a common verb in ancient Greek, with many derivatives and compounds.

G2218

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ZOO-gon

Translations: yoke, a yoke, balance, a balance, pair, a pair

Notes: This word refers to a wooden bar or frame that is fitted over the necks of two animals, typically oxen, and attached to a plow or cart, allowing them to pull together. Metaphorically, it can represent a burden, servitude, or submission, but also a connection or partnership. It can also refer to the beam of a balance scale or a pair of things, such as a pair of scales or a pair of animals.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΕΙΑ, ΒΑΡΟΣ, ΖΕΥΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΖΥΓΟΝ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to join' or 'to yoke'. It is related to English words like 'yoke' and 'join'.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-DON

Translations: I saw, they saw, he saw, she saw, it saw

Notes: This is a form of the verb 'to see' or 'to perceive'. Specifically, it is an aorist indicative form, which describes an action that happened at a specific point in the past, without emphasizing its duration or completion. It can be used for various subjects, such as 'I saw', 'he/she/it saw', or 'they saw', depending on the context.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, First Person Singular or Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΕἸΔΟΝ

Etymology: The root verb 'ὁράω' (horaō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see' or 'to watch'.

G2474

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-por-YOO-thay-san

Translations: they went, they departed, they traveled, they walked

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to go', 'to depart', 'to travel', or 'to walk'. It describes the act of moving from one place to another. The form 'ἘΠΟΡΕΥΘΗΣΑΝ' indicates that the action was completed in the past by a group of people (third person plural). It is often used to describe a journey or a movement towards a destination.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word πορεύομαι (poreuomai) comes from the Greek word πόρος (poros), meaning 'a way' or 'a passage'. It signifies movement along a path or route.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G1525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-EL-thon

Translations: they entered, they came in, they went in

Notes: This word is the aorist form of the verb 'to enter' or 'to come in'. It describes an action of moving into a place or situation that occurred in the past. It is used to indicate that a group of people or things performed the action of entering.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ itself comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move'.

G3129

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Mak-ka-BAH-yos

Translations: Maccabaeus

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Judas Maccabaeus, a Jewish leader who led the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BC. He is a significant figure in Jewish history, known for his military prowess and his role in the rededication of the Second Temple, which is commemorated by the festival of Hanukkah. The name 'Maccabaeus' itself is thought to mean 'hammer' or 'extinguisher'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Maccabaeus' is believed to be derived from the Aramaic word 'maqqaba' (מַקָּבָא), meaning 'hammer', or from the Hebrew 'makkabi' (מכבי), meaning 'extinguisher' or 'queller'. It was a surname given to Judas, likely due to his military effectiveness.

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: meth

Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with

Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).

G1125

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: grah-FEE-nai

Translations: to write, to be written, to record, to register

Notes: This is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'graphō', meaning 'to write'. It indicates an action of writing that is completed or viewed as a whole, and the subject of the action is being acted upon (passive voice). As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun and can be used in various grammatical constructions, often after verbs like 'to command' or 'to wish'. For example, 'he commanded to be written' or 'it is necessary to write'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ

G5384

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: fee-LOOS

Translations: friends, beloved ones, dear ones, beloved, dear

Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'beloved one', or as an adjective meaning 'dear' or 'beloved'. It is used to refer to individuals or groups who are cherished, loved, or closely associated with someone. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to 'friends' or 'beloved ones' in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of an action.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

G1799

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: en-OH-pee-on

Translations: before, in the presence of, in the sight of, (of) before, (of) in the presence of, (of) in the sight of

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in the presence of'. It can also be used as a preposition with the genitive case, meaning 'in the presence of' or 'in the sight of' someone or something. It often conveys the idea of being directly in front of, or under the observation of, another.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); functions as a preposition with the genitive case.

Synonyms: ἘΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound formed from the preposition ἘΝ (en, meaning 'in') and the noun ὬΨ (ōps, meaning 'face' or 'eye'). It literally means 'in the face of' or 'in the sight of'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G0499

G3588, G3739, G3778, G5101

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-grah-fon

Translations: copy, a copy, duplicate, a duplicate

Notes: This word refers to a copy or a duplicate of an original document or text. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'against' or 'in place of', and 'γράφω' (grapho), meaning 'to write'. It is used to denote something that has been written out again, replicating an original.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΤΥΠΟΝ, ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΟΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀντί (anti, 'against, in place of') and γράφω (graphō, 'to write'). It literally means 'that which is written against' or 'that which is written in place of' (the original).

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: HAYS

Translations: (of) the, (of) who, (of) which, (of) this, (of) that, (of) what

Notes: The word "ΗΣ" is a versatile form in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as the genitive singular for masculine and feminine nouns. It can be the genitive singular of the definite article 'the', indicating possession or relationship. It can also be the genitive singular of the relative pronoun 'who/which', connecting clauses, or the demonstrative pronoun 'this/that', pointing to something specific. Additionally, it can be the genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun 'what/who', used in questions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

G0479

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-te-GRA-psan

Translations: they copied, they wrote back, they replied, they answered

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning "to copy" or "to write back/reply." It is formed from the preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning "against" or "in return," and the verb γράφω (grapho), meaning "to write." In context, it often refers to making a copy of a document or sending a written response to someone.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΓΡΑΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ

Etymology: The word ἀντιγράφω is a compound of ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against, opposite, in return for', and γράφω (grapho), meaning 'to write'. The combination signifies writing in response or writing a copy.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G3422

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mnee-MO-sy-non

Translations: memorial, remembrance, a memorial, a remembrance

Notes: This word refers to something that serves as a reminder or a monument, often commemorating a person, event, or covenant. It can be used to describe an act of remembrance, a physical object, or a lasting legacy.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΝΗΜΗ, ΥΠΟΜΝΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word μνήμη (mnēmē), meaning 'memory' or 'remembrance'. It refers to something that brings to mind or preserves the memory of a person or event.

G4849

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sym-ma-KHEE-as

Translations: of alliance, of a military alliance, of confederacy, of assistance in war

Notes: This word refers to a military alliance, a confederacy, or the act of providing assistance in war. It is often used in contexts describing agreements or partnerships between groups or nations for mutual defense or offense. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession or relationship, such as 'of an alliance' or 'concerning an alliance'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΙΑ

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GEH-noi-toh

Translations: let it be, may it be, so be it, amen

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to become' or 'to happen'. In this specific form, it is in the optative mood, which expresses a wish, a prayer, or a strong desire. It is often translated as 'let it be' or 'may it happen', similar to the English 'amen' when used to affirm a statement or prayer.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Optative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ἘΙΗ, ΓΕΝΗΘΗΤΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'.

G4514

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: roh-MAI-oys

Translations: (to) Romans, (to) the Romans

Notes: This word refers to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used to indicate a group of people who are Romans, often in the context of their nationality or political affiliation. In this inflected form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to the Romans' or 'for the Romans'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ρώμη (Rhōmē), meaning 'Rome', referring to the city and empire. The suffix -αιος (-aios) is used to form adjectives or nouns denoting origin or belonging.

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-nay

Translations: (to) nation, (to) people, (to) Gentiles, (to) a nation, (to) a people

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it often refers specifically to the Gentiles, meaning non-Jewish people. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΓΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἔθνος (ethnos) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'custom, habit'. It refers to a group of people living together, sharing common customs or characteristics, and thus forming a nation or people.

G2281

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tha-LAS-say

Translations: sea, a sea, (to) the sea, (in) the sea

Notes: This word refers to a large body of salt water, such as the ocean or a large lake. In its dative form, as seen here, it often indicates location ('in the sea') or direction/recipient ('to the sea'). It is commonly used in ancient texts to describe literal bodies of water, but can also be used metaphorically.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ, ΩΚΕΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΘΑΛΑΣΣΑ is of pre-Greek, Mediterranean origin, meaning it existed in the region before the arrival of Greek speakers. Its precise etymological roots are uncertain, but it is thought to be related to other words describing the sea or watery environments.

G3584

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: xee-RAS

Translations: dry, of dry, of dry land, of dry ground, of the dry place, of the wilderness

Notes: This word primarily means 'dry' and can be used as an adjective to describe something that is not wet. When used as a noun, it refers to 'dry land' or 'dry ground', often in contrast to water. It can also refer to a 'wilderness' or 'desert' area. In the provided context, it is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, such as 'of the dry land'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΡΗΜΟΣ, ΑΝΥΔΡΟΣ

G4501

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: rom-FEYE-ah

Translations: sword, a sword, dagger, spear

Notes: This word refers to a large, broad sword, often associated with a Thracian or Dacian weapon, or more generally, any sharp weapon like a dagger or spear. It is frequently used metaphorically in the New Testament to represent divine judgment or spiritual conflict. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΑΙΡΑ, ΞΙΦΟΣ

Etymology: The word is of Thracian origin, referring to a type of long, straight or curved sword. It was adopted into Greek and Latin.

G2190

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: EKH-thros

Translations: enemy, an enemy, hostile, hateful

Notes: This word refers to an adversary or opponent, someone who is hostile or an enemy. It can be used as both a noun to describe a person who is an enemy, or as an adjective to describe something as hostile or hateful. It is often used in a personal sense, referring to someone who is actively opposed to another.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΟΛΕΜΙΟΣ

Etymology: From a primary word ἔχθω (echthō, to hate). It describes someone who is an object of hatred or who harbors hatred.

G3117

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mah-kroo-n-THEY-ee-ay

Translations: may it be prolonged, may it be far off, may it be distant, may it be removed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make long, to prolong, to remove far off, or to be far off'. It is used to express a wish or a potential action, indicating something that might happen or is desired to happen, often in the sense of something being extended in time or distance.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Optative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΜΑΚΡΥΝΩ, ΑΠΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΚΡΥΝΩ comes from the adjective μακρός (makros), meaning 'long' or 'far'. The verb form adds the sense of making something long or distant.

G1764

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-STAY

Translations: is at hand, is present, is imminent, stands in, stands against, opposes

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb ἘΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ (enistēmi), which is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΝ (en, meaning 'in' or 'among') and the verb ἸΣΤΗΜΙ (histēmi, meaning 'to stand'). It generally means 'to stand in' or 'to be present'. Depending on the context, it can convey the sense of something being at hand, imminent, or even standing against or opposing. It is often used to describe a state of being present or a future event that is about to occur.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ἘΓΓΙΖΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

G4171

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-leh-mos

Translations: war, a war, battle, a battle, fight, a fight

Notes: This word refers to a state of armed conflict between different countries or groups, or a particular series of battles or campaigns. It can also refer to a struggle or conflict of any kind. It is typically used in the singular, but can also be found in the plural to denote multiple conflicts or aspects of war.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΕΡΙΣ, ΑΓΩΝ

Etymology: The etymology of ΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be of pre-Greek origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to fight' or 'to contend'.

G4516

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: ROH-may

Translations: Rome, strength, power, might, a strength, a power, a might

Notes: This word can refer to the city of Rome, the capital of the Roman Empire. It can also mean 'strength,' 'power,' or 'might,' referring to physical or moral force. In the context of strength, it describes the inherent ability or vigor to accomplish something. It can be used to describe the strength of a person, an animal, or even a concept.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ῥώμη (rhōmē) meaning 'strength' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to ῥώννυμι (rhōnnymi, 'to strengthen'). The city name 'Rome' (Ῥώμη) is thought to be derived from this word, implying 'the city of strength' or 'the strong city'.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G4848

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sym-MAH-khoys

Translations: (to) allies, (to) confederates

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'σύμμαχος' (symmachos), meaning 'ally' or 'confederate'. It refers to individuals or groups who join forces with another, typically in a military or political context, to achieve a common goal or provide mutual support. It is used when indicating the recipients of an action or the beneficiaries of something, as in 'to the allies' or 'for the confederates'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΙ, ΒΟΗΘΟΙ

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAH-see

Translations: (to) all, (to) every, (to) whole, (to) any, (of) all, (of) every, (of) whole, (of) any

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all,' 'every,' 'whole,' or 'any.' It is used to describe a quantity or entirety. For example, it can be used with a noun to mean 'all the people' or 'every house.' In the provided examples, 'ΠΑΣΗ ΧΩΡΑ' means 'in every land' or 'in all the land,' indicating its use to modify a feminine singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter; or Plural, Accusative, Neuter; or Plural, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'all' or 'every.'

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-nos

Translations: nation, a nation, people, a people, Gentiles, a Gentile

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it often refers specifically to the Gentiles, meaning non-Jewish people. It can be used to describe a large group of people united by common descent, culture, or language.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'). It refers to a group of people sharing common customs or characteristics.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G2540

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kai-ROS

Translations: time, a time, season, a season, appointed time, an appointed time, opportune time, an opportune time

Notes: This word refers to a specific, opportune, or appointed time, often implying a critical moment or a season of activity, as opposed to chronological time (chronos). It is used to denote the right or proper time for something to happen or be done.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΩΡΑ, ΕΥΚΑΙΡΙΑ

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΚΑΙΡΟΣ' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb 'κείρω' (keirō), meaning 'to cut', possibly referring to a 'cut' or 'decisive' moment in time.

G5261

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-po-gra-FEE

Translations: signature, a signature, subscription, a subscription, description, a description, copy, a copy, example, an example, pattern, a pattern

Notes: This word refers to a writing or drawing made underneath something, or a copy of something. It can mean a signature, a subscription (as in a written agreement), a description, or a copy/example/pattern. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo, meaning under) and 'γραφή' (graphē, meaning writing or drawing).

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΗ, ΑΝΤΙΓΡΑΦΗ, ΕΙΚΩΝ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition 'ὑπό' (hypo, meaning under) and the noun 'γραφή' (graphē, meaning writing or drawing), which comes from the verb 'γράφω' (graphō, meaning to write or draw).

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G1880

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ar-ke-SOO-sin

Translations: they will suffice, they will be sufficient, they will help, they will assist, they will supply

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to be sufficient for', 'to suffice', 'to help', or 'to assist'. It is formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb 'ἀρκέω' (arkeo), meaning 'to be enough' or 'to suffice'. In general usage, it describes providing enough of something or offering aid to someone. It is used here in the future tense, indicating an action that will happen.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΈΩ, ΣΥΝΑΝΤΙΛΑΜΒΆΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ἘΠΑΡΚΈΩ is a compound of the preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb ἈΡΚΈΩ (arkeo), meaning 'to be sufficient' or 'to ward off'.

G4621

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SEE-tos

Translations: grain, a grain, corn, a corn, wheat, a wheat, food, a food

Notes: This word refers to grain, especially wheat, or more generally, food. It is often used in contexts related to agriculture, provisions, or sustenance. It can be used to describe the crop itself or the prepared food derived from it.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΙΤΕΙΑ, ΣΙΤΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word "σῖτος" (sitos) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has been used in Greek since ancient times to refer to grain or food.

G3696

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OP-lah

Translations: arms, weapons, armor, hoofs

Notes: This word is a plural noun that can refer to military equipment such as arms, weapons, or armor. It can also refer to the hoofs of an animal. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΠΛΙΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΝΥΞ

Etymology: The word ὅπλον (hoplon) is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sep-, meaning 'to handle, to grasp'. It originally referred to any tool or implement, and later specialized to mean 'weapon' or 'armor'.

G0694

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-GY-ree-on

Translations: silver, a silver coin, money, a piece of money

Notes: This word refers to silver, either as the metal itself or, more commonly in the New Testament, as silver coins or money in general. It is often used to denote wealth or payment. For example, it can refer to the thirty pieces of silver Judas received for betraying Jesus.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΡΓΥΡΟΣ, ΧΡΗΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἀργύριον (argyriōn), which is a diminutive of ἄργυρος (argyros), meaning 'silver'. It refers to something made of silver or a small piece of silver.

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOK-sen

Translations: it seemed good, it seemed best, it was decided, it pleased, it was thought, it was resolved

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'δοκέω' (dokeō). It means 'it seemed good' or 'it was decided'. It is often used impersonally to express a decision or a consensus, indicating that something was deemed appropriate or pleasing to someone or a group. For example, 'it seemed good to them' or 'it was decided by the council'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΡΕΣΚΩ, ΚΡΙΝΩ, ΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

G5442

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: foo-LAK-son-tai

Translations: they will be guarded, they will be kept, they will be observed, they will guard themselves, they will keep themselves, they will observe themselves

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to guard,' 'to keep,' or 'to observe.' It is in the future tense, indicating an action that will happen. The form is middle or passive voice, meaning the subject either performs the action on itself (middle voice, e.g., 'they will guard themselves') or receives the action (passive voice, e.g., 'they will be guarded'). It is used to describe a future state of protection, preservation, or adherence to something.

Inflection: Future, Middle or Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΥΛΑΚΤΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ (phylassō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to φύλαξ (phylax), meaning 'guard' or 'watcher'.

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: oo-THEN

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not at all, in no way

Notes: This word is an indeclinable form of the indefinite pronoun/adjective meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to express absolute negation. When used as an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'no' or 'not any'. When used as an adverb, it means 'not at all' or 'in no way'. It emphasizes the complete absence or non-existence of something.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΔΕΙΣ (from which ΟΥ̓ΘΕΝ is derived) is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓ (ou, 'not') and ΕἸΣ (heis, 'one'). It literally means 'not one'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G4819

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-BEE

Translations: may happen, may occur, may come to pass, may befall, may result

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'συμβαίνω' (symbainō), meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'βαίνω' (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. In its present form, 'συμβῇ' is used to express a potential or desired event, often translated with 'may' or 'might'. It describes something that comes to pass or takes place.

Inflection: Aorist, Subjunctive, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ

G4847

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-ma-KHEH-soo-sin

Translations: they will fight with, they will help in war, they will be allies, they will be an ally

Notes: This word means to fight along with someone, to be an ally, or to help in war. It describes the action of providing military assistance or joining forces with another party in a conflict. It is used to indicate future actions where a group of people will engage in such an alliance or assistance.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Future, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΕΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΜΑΧΕΟΜΑΙ (macheomai), meaning 'to fight'. Thus, it literally means 'to fight together with'.

G5590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: psy-KHES

Translations: of soul, of a soul, of life, of a life, of mind, of a mind, of self, of a self

Notes: This word refers to the soul, life, mind, or self. It can denote the vital breath, the seat of emotions and intellect, or the individual person. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΨΥΧΗ (psyche) originates from the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow'. This connection highlights its primary meaning related to the breath of life.

G1388

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DO-loo

Translations: of deceit, of guile, of treachery, of fraud, of trickery

Notes: This word refers to deceit, guile, treachery, or trickery. It describes a cunning or deceptive way of acting or speaking, often with the intent to mislead or harm. It is typically used to characterize actions, words, or intentions that are not straightforward or honest.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΗ, ΠΑΝΟΥΡΓΙΑ, ΥΠΟΚΡΙΣΙΣ

Etymology: This word is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a word meaning 'bait' or 'snare'.

G1011

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: boo-LEH-oo-sone-tai

Translations: they may counsel, they may deliberate, they may plan, they may decide

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to counsel, deliberate, or plan. It describes the act of considering options or making a decision, often in a group or formal setting. It can also mean to resolve or determine something.

Inflection: Aorist, Subjunctive, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΔΙΑΛΟΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ derives from the noun ΒΟΥΛΗ (boulē), meaning 'counsel' or 'plan'. It is related to the concept of will and deliberation.

G0851

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-feh-LEIN

Translations: to take away, to remove, to subtract, to cut off

Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'aphairéō', meaning 'to take away' or 'to remove'. It is a compound word formed from 'apó' (from, away from) and 'hairéō' (to take, to choose). It is used to describe the action of removing something from a place, person, or quantity, often implying a separation or subtraction. For example, one might 'take away' a burden, 'remove' a sin, or 'subtract' from a total.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΟΠΤΩ, ἈΦΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ἈΝΑΙΡΕΩ

G2556

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: kah-KOHN

Translations: (of) bad things, (of) evils, (of) calamities, (of) troubles

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΚΑΚΟΣ', meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. When used substantively, as it often is in the genitive plural, it refers to 'evils', 'calamities', or 'troubles'. It describes things that are harmful, morally corrupt, or cause distress. It can be used to describe the source or nature of something negative.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΩΝ, ΦΑΥΛΩΝ, ΑΣΕΒΩΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. It is related to words signifying 'to hurt' or 'to wound'.

G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G4931

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-teh-LEH-tai

Translations: is completed, is finished, is brought to an end, is accomplished, is fulfilled, is performed, is carried out

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΤΕΛΕΩ (TELEO), meaning 'to complete' or 'to finish'. It describes an action that is being brought to completion, finished, or accomplished. It is often used in a passive sense, indicating that something is being completed or fulfilled by an external agent or by itself.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΙΤΑΙ, ΠΛΗΡΟΥΤΑΙ, ΓΙΝΕΤΑΙ

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G0926

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-bah-ROO-nas

Translations: you made heavy, you burdened, you oppressed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to make heavy, to burden, or to oppress. It describes the act of placing a heavy load or burden upon someone or something, either literally or figuratively. In its figurative sense, it can refer to causing distress, hardship, or difficulty. It is used here in the past tense, indicating that the action has already occurred.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΒΑΡΥΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΡΥΝΩ

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G1793