2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-neh-toh

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it became, it was, it came into being

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative middle/passive of the verb γίνομαι (ginomai). It signifies an event that occurred or a state that came into existence in the past. It is frequently used to introduce a new event or development in a narrative, often translated as 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'. It can also describe something becoming or being made into something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G3753

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OH-teh

Translations: when, whenever, at which time

Notes: This word functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, indicating a point or period in time. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies when an action occurs or occurred, similar to 'when' or 'whenever' in English. It can refer to a specific past event or a general, recurring condition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΗΝΙΚΑ, ΟΠΟΤΕ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the particle 'te' (then, at that time). It originally meant 'at that time when'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G2945

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: KOO-kloh-then

Translations: around, round about, on every side, all around

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'around' or 'on every side'. It is used to describe something that encompasses or surrounds a central point or object, indicating a circular or encompassing direction or position. It can be used to describe people gathering around something, or a geographical area surrounding a place.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΩ, ΠΕΡΙΞ

Etymology: From the Greek word 'κύκλος' (kyklos), meaning 'circle' or 'ring', combined with the suffix '-θεν' (-then), which indicates origin or direction from a place.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G2379

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thoo-see-as-TEE-ree-on

Translations: altar, an altar

Notes: This word refers to an altar, a raised structure or place on which sacrifices or offerings are made to a deity. It is typically used in religious contexts to denote the sacred place where rituals involving offerings take place.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word "ΘΥΣΙΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΝ" (thysiastērion) is derived from "θυσιάζω" (thysiazō), meaning 'to sacrifice', which in turn comes from "θυσία" (thysia), meaning 'sacrifice' or 'offering'. It literally means 'place of sacrifice'.

G0038

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-GHEE-as-mah

Translations: sanctuary, a sanctuary, holy place, a holy place, consecrated thing, a consecrated thing, holy thing, a holy thing

Notes: This word refers to something that has been consecrated or made holy. It can denote a sacred place, such as a temple or a part of it, or a sacred object. It is used to describe anything set apart for God's use or presence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΝ, ΝΑΟΣ, ΙΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΑΓΙΑΣΜΑ is derived from the verb ΑΓΙΑΖΩ (hagiazo), meaning 'to sanctify' or 'to make holy'. It refers to the result or product of the act of sanctification.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G4387

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G1085

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GEH-nos

Translations: race, kind, family, nation, offspring, stock, a race, a kind

Notes: This word refers to a group of people or things sharing a common origin, characteristic, or lineage. It can denote a family, a nation, a race, a species, or a type. It is often used to describe a lineage or descent, such as 'the race of Israel' or 'the family of David'. It can also refer to a general category or kind of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁- meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generation' in English.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G1510

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tas

Translations: being, existing, those who are, those who exist

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (ΕἸΜΙ), inflected in the masculine accusative plural. It describes individuals or things that are currently in a state of being or existence. It can be translated as 'being' or 'existing', often referring to 'those who are' or 'those who exist' in a particular state or place, especially when used substantively (as a noun). For example, it might refer to 'those who are present' or 'those who are alive'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G2992

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lah-OH

Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation

Notes: This word refers to a people, a nation, or a multitude of individuals, often used in the context of a specific group or community, such as the people of Israel or the people of God. It can be used to describe a general populace or a distinct ethnic or national group.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to λᾶς (lās, "stone"), referring to people as "stones" or "foundations." It is also suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- ("people, army").

G1807

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-A-reen

Translations: to take out, to remove, to deliver, to rescue, to pluck out, to choose out

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose'. It generally means to take something out of a place or situation, often implying removal, selection, or deliverance. It can be used in contexts of physically removing an object, rescuing someone from danger, or choosing something specifically.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΩ, ΑΦΑΙΡΕΩ, ΡΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ΕΞΑΙΡΩ is formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose'.

G2448

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAHS

Translations: Judas, Judah

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to a person or a geographical region. In the New Testament, it most commonly refers to Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve apostles who betrayed Jesus, or to Judas, the brother of Jesus. It can also refer to the tribe of Judah or the kingdom of Judah in the Old Testament context. It is used as a subject or object in sentences.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: From Hebrew יְהוּדָה (Yehudah), meaning 'praised'. It refers to the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, and subsequently to the tribe and kingdom descended from him.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-krah-bat-TAY-nay

Translations: Akrabattene, Acrabatene

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Akrabattene, a district in ancient Judea. It was one of the toparchies (administrative districts) of Judea, located in the northern part of the region. It is often mentioned in historical texts concerning the geography and administration of Judea during the Hellenistic and Roman periods.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name Akrabattene is derived from the Hebrew word 'Akrabim' (עקרבים), meaning 'scorpions', referring to a pass or ascent known for scorpions. The Greek form adds the suffix -ηνή, indicating a region or district.

G2521

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-eh-KAH-theen-toh

Translations: they sat around, they besieged, they encamped around

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the prefix περί (around), the prefix ἐκ (out, from), and the verb κάθημαι (to sit). The combination means to sit around, to encamp around, or to besiege. It describes a group of people taking up positions surrounding something or someone, often with hostile intent, like an army besieging a city.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΕΩ, ΚΥΚΛΟΩ

G2474

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).

G4957

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-es-TEI-len

Translations: to draw together, to contract, to shorten, to diminish, to restrict, to humble

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to draw together,' 'to contract,' or 'to shorten.' It can be used literally to describe physically drawing something together, or metaphorically to mean diminishing, restricting, or humbling someone or something. In the provided context, it likely refers to diminishing or humbling someone's power or influence.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΜΕΙΟΩ, ΤΑΠΕΙΝΟΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb στέλλω (stellō), meaning 'to set,' 'to arrange,' or 'to send.' Thus, it literally means 'to set together' or 'to send together,' leading to the sense of contracting or drawing in.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LAH-ben

Translations: he took, she took, it took, he received, she received, it received

Notes: This is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It can be used to describe someone taking an object, receiving something, or even grasping an idea.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

G3403

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: em-NEES-thay

Translations: remembered, was reminded, called to mind

Notes: This verb means to remember, to recall, or to be reminded of something. It is often used in the context of God remembering His covenant or people, or people remembering God's works or commands. It can also mean to make mention of something.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΝΗΜΟΝΕΥΩ, ΕΝΘΥΜΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From μνάομαι (mnaomai), meaning 'to remember', which is related to μνήμη (mnēmē), 'memory'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G2549

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-KEE-as

Translations: (of) evil, (of) malice, (of) wickedness, (of) depravity, evil, an evil, malice, a malice, wickedness, a wickedness, depravity, a depravity

Notes: This word refers to the inherent badness, wickedness, or depravity of character. It can also denote malice or ill-will towards others. It is often used in contexts describing moral corruption or harmful actions stemming from a bad disposition.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΙΑ, ΦΑΥΛΟΤΗΣ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΚΙΑ (kakia) comes from the adjective ΚΑΚΟΣ (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. It refers to the state or quality of being bad.

G0902

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bah-ee-AHN

Translations: small, little, a little, short

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'small' or 'little'. It describes something that is limited in size, quantity, or duration. It can be used to refer to a small amount of something, or to a short period of time. In the provided context, it seems to refer to 'sons of Baian', which might imply a specific group or a small number of sons, or perhaps a proper name. However, the primary meaning of the adjective is 'small' or 'little'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΙΚΡΟΣ, ΟΛΙΓΟΣ

Etymology: The etymology of ΒΑΙΟΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be of pre-Greek origin.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G4625

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SKAN-da-lon

Translations: stumbling block, an offense, a snare, trap, cause of ruin

Notes: This word refers to an obstacle or impediment that causes someone to stumble or fall, either literally or figuratively. It can also mean a snare or trap. In a moral or spiritual sense, it denotes anything that causes someone to sin, fall away from faith, or be led astray.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΑΓΙΣ, ΠΡΟΣΚΟΜΜΑ

Etymology: The word is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to limp' or 'to stumble'. It originally referred to the movable stick or trigger of a trap, which, when touched, caused the trap to spring shut.

G1747

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-ed-ROO-eh-in

Translations: to lie in wait, to ambush, to plot against

Notes: This word means to lie in wait for someone, to set an ambush, or to plot against them. It describes the act of hiding and waiting for an opportune moment to attack or capture, often with malicious intent. It is used to describe a deceptive and hostile action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΛΟΧΑΩ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΕΔΡΕΥΩ is derived from the Greek words ἐν (en), meaning 'in', and ἕδρα (hedra), meaning 'seat' or 'place', combined with the verbal suffix -εύω. It literally means 'to be in a place' or 'to sit in a place' with the implication of waiting or lying in ambush.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

G3846

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-eh-BAH-len

Translations: he cast, he threw, he risked, he compared, he arrived, he put alongside

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'παραβάλλω' (paraballō). It is a compound verb formed from 'παρά' (para, meaning 'beside' or 'alongside') and 'βάλλω' (ballō, meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'). Its meaning varies depending on context, often signifying to cast or throw alongside, to compare, to risk, or to arrive at a place (especially by ship).

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΩ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G1762

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EN-oo-sin

Translations: they are in, they are present, they exist in, they are possible

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (in) and the verb 'εἰμί' (to be). It means 'to be in' or 'to be present within' something. It can also convey the sense of something existing or being possible within a given context. It is used to describe the state of being located inside or inherent to something.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

Etymology: The word ἔνειμι (eneimi) is a compound of the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'within', and the verb εἰμί (eimi), meaning 'to be'. Its origin traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots for 'in' and 'to be'.

G1276

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-PEH-rah-sen

Translations: crossed over, passed through, went across, he crossed over, he passed through, he went across

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb περάω (peraō), meaning 'to pass' or 'to go over'. Together, it means to cross over or pass through a place, often implying movement from one side to another, such as crossing a body of water or a boundary. It is used to describe someone or something moving from one point to another by traversing an intervening space.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb διαπεράω (diaperaō) is formed from the prefix διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb περάω (peraō), meaning 'to pass' or 'to go over'. The root περάω is related to πέρας (peras), meaning 'end' or 'boundary'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G2233

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: hay-goo-MEH-non

Translations: leading, ruling, governing, a leader, a ruler, a governor, a chief, a commander, a guide

Notes: This word is a present participle derived from the verb 'ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ' (hegeomai), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. As a participle, it can function as an adjective, describing someone or something that is leading, or as a noun, referring to 'a leader' or 'a ruler'. It denotes someone in a position of authority or guidance, often implying a person who goes before others or directs them.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΡΟΕΣΤΩΣ

G4863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-AP-sen

Translations: he joined, he joined together, he connected, he engaged in, he entered into

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to join together,' 'to connect,' or 'to unite.' It can also mean 'to engage in' or 'to enter into' something, such as a battle or an agreement. It describes the action of bringing things or people into a state of union or engagement.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΔΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word συνάπτω (synaptō) is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb ἅπτω (haptō), meaning 'to fasten,' 'to join,' or 'to touch.'

G4937

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-TREE-bee-san

Translations: they were broken, they were shattered, they were crushed, they were destroyed

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the prefix 'συν-' (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb 'τρίβω' (tribō), meaning 'to rub, wear out, or break.' Therefore, 'συντρίβω' means to break completely, shatter, or crush. In the given form, it describes an action that happened to a group of people or things, indicating they were utterly defeated or destroyed.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΓΝΥΜΙ, ΘΛΑΩ, ΣΥΝΘΛΑΩ

Etymology: From 'συν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and 'τρίβω' (tribō), meaning 'to rub, wear out, or break.' The combination signifies a complete breaking or crushing.

G4253

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PRO

Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.

G4383

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-SO-poo

Translations: of face, of countenance, of presence, of person, of a face, of a countenance, of a presence, of a person

Notes: This word refers primarily to the 'face' or 'countenance' of a person or thing. It can also denote 'presence' or 'appearance'. In a broader sense, it can refer to the 'person' or 'individual' themselves. It is often used in phrases like 'from the face of' or 'before the face of' to mean 'from the presence of' or 'before the presence of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ' is derived from the Greek preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'ὤψ' (ōps), meaning 'eye' or 'face'. It literally means 'that which is before the eyes' or 'that which is turned towards'.

G0390

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nes-TREP-sen

Translations: returned, turned back, turned around, overturned, overthrew, conducted oneself, behaved

Notes: This is a verb meaning to turn back, return, or to turn around. It can also mean to overturn or overthrow something. In a figurative sense, it can refer to one's conduct or behavior, meaning to conduct oneself or behave in a certain way. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb στρέφω (strephō), meaning 'to turn'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ἘΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ὙΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναστρέφω (anastrephō) is formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb στρέφω (strephō), meaning 'to turn'. It implies a turning motion, either literally or figuratively, often indicating a return or a change in direction or state.

G1996

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-soon-ACH-theh-san

Translations: they were gathered together, they assembled, they collected

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prepositions ἐπί (epi, 'upon, in addition to') and σύν (syn, 'with, together') combined with the verb ἄγω (agō, 'to lead, bring'). It means to be gathered together or assembled, often implying a collection of people or things from various places into one location. It is used to describe a group coming together for a specific purpose or in a particular place.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΘΡΟΙΖΩ

G3795

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: okh-YOO-roh-mah

Translations: fortress, stronghold, strong defense, a fortress, a stronghold, a strong defense

Notes: This word refers to a fortified place or a strong defense, something that provides security or protection. It can be used literally for a physical structure like a castle or figuratively for an argument, a belief, or anything that acts as a strong barrier or point of resistance. It is a neuter noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word ὈΧΥΡΩΜΑ (ochyroma) is derived from the verb ὀχυρόω (ochyroo), meaning 'to fortify' or 'to make strong'. This verb itself comes from ὀχυρός (ochyros), meaning 'firm' or 'strong'.

G1996

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-soon-AYG-meh-nah

Translations: gathered together, assembled, collected

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been gathered together' or 'assembled'. It describes something that has been brought together from various places or sources. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπι' (upon, in addition), 'συν' (with, together), and 'ἀγω' (to lead, to bring).

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΗΓΜΕΝΑ, ΣΥΝΗΘΡΟΙΣΜΕΝΑ

Etymology: The root verb ἘΠΙΣΥΝΑΓΩ is a compound word. It is formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'in addition'), the preposition σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together'), and the verb ἄγω (agō, meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'). The combination signifies bringing together upon or in addition to something, emphasizing a complete or collective gathering.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: EHF

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by

Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.

Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G2090

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-toy-MAH-zon-tes

Translations: preparing, those who prepare, they who prepare

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'preparing' or 'those who are preparing'. It describes an ongoing action of making something ready or getting oneself ready. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, referring to the ones performing the action.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ, ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ

G4301

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-ka-ta-la-BES-thai

Translations: to seize beforehand, to take possession of beforehand, to anticipate, to surprise, to pre-occupy, to come upon, to overtake

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to seize beforehand' or 'to take possession of something before someone else does'. It can also mean 'to anticipate' or 'to surprise' someone by acting first. In some contexts, it can mean 'to come upon' or 'to overtake' someone or something unexpectedly.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of three parts: πρό (pro), meaning 'before'; κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against' (often intensifying); and λαμβάνω (lambano), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2607

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-FYOO-go-men

Translations: we fled for refuge, we took refuge, we sought refuge

Notes: This word means to flee for refuge or to take refuge. It implies seeking safety or shelter from danger or difficulty. It is a compound word formed from κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee'.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΦΕΥΓΩ is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee'. It signifies fleeing downwards or away for safety.

G2233

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hay-GAY-tah-ee

Translations: he leads, he guides, he considers, he thinks, he rules, he is chief

Notes: This verb describes the action of leading, guiding, or ruling. It can also mean to consider or think something. It is often used to describe someone in a position of authority or someone who is a leader. It can also be used to express an opinion or judgment.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ, ΝΟΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: From ἄγω (agō, "to lead") and the middle voice suffix -έομαι (-eomai).

G3925

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: par-em-bo-LEES

Translations: of a camp, of the camp, of barracks, of a fortress, of an army

Notes: This word refers to a military camp, barracks, or a fortified place. It can also refer to an army or a body of troops. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para, meaning 'beside' or 'alongside') and 'ἐμβολή' (embolē, meaning 'a throwing in' or 'an insertion'), suggesting a place where troops are 'thrown in' or stationed alongside each other. It is used to describe the location or the group itself.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΟΠΕΔΟΝ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΕΜΒΟΛΗ (parembolē) is derived from the Greek preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the noun ἐμβολή (embolē), meaning 'a throwing in' or 'an insertion', which itself comes from the verb ἐμβάλλω (emballō), 'to throw in'.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G2064

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: el-THOHN

Translations: having come, when he came, after coming, coming

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed before the main verb's action. It often functions adverbially, indicating the time or circumstance of the main action, such as 'when he came' or 'after he had come'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΗΚΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G1807

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-ahee-REH-loo

Translations: deliver, rescue, take out, remove

Notes: This word means to take out, remove, deliver, or rescue. It is often used in the context of delivering someone from danger, evil, or a difficult situation. It can also mean to choose or select someone for a specific purpose.

Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Middle Voice, Imperative

Synonyms: ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΣΩΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἐξαιρέω (exaireō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. Thus, its core meaning is 'to take out' or 'to take from'.

G5495

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHEI-ross

Translations: of hand, of a hand, of the hand, of power, of authority, of control

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. In Koine Greek, 'hand' can refer not only to the physical limb but also metaphorically to power, authority, control, or agency. When used in the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the agent by which something is done, thus translating to 'of hand' or 'by the hand of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'χείρ' (cheir) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰesr-, meaning 'hand'. It is related to words for hand in other Indo-European languages.

G4098

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PEP-toh-ken

Translations: has fallen, fell

Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb 'πίπτω' (piptō), meaning 'to fall'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It is often used to indicate a state of having fallen, whether literally or figuratively, such as a building falling, a person falling down, or a kingdom falling.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΚΠΙΠΤΩ

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: too-BEE-oo

Translations: of Tubiou, of Tubius

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely referring to a person named Tubius or a place associated with Tubius. The ending suggests it is in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of Tubius' or 'of Tubiou'. In the provided context, 'ἐν τοῖς Τουβίου' would mean 'among those of Tubius' or 'in the places of Tubius', suggesting a group of people or a location associated with this name.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The etymology of 'Τουβίου' is not clearly documented as a common Greek word. It is likely a transliteration of a foreign name, possibly Aramaic or Hebrew, into Greek.

G0001

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ahee-khma-loh-TEE-ka-see

Translations: they have taken captive, they have led captive, they have made captive

Notes: This word is the third person plural perfect active indicative form of the verb 'αἰχμαλωτίζω' (aichmalōtizō), meaning 'to take captive' or 'to lead captive'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results in the present. It is typically used to describe the act of capturing people, especially in warfare.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Perfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΠΙΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The verb αἰχμαλωτίζω (aichmalōtizō) is a compound word derived from αἰχμάλωτος (aichmalōtos), meaning 'captive', which itself comes from αἰχμή (aichmē), 'spear' or 'point', and ἁλίσκομαι (haliskomai), 'to be captured'. Thus, it literally means 'to be captured by the spear'.

G3392

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mee-AH-n

Translations: to defile, to pollute, to contaminate, to stain

Notes: This word describes the act of making something unclean, impure, or unholy. It can refer to physical defilement, such as staining or polluting, or to moral and spiritual defilement, such as corrupting or profaning. It is often used in a religious context to describe ritual impurity or sin.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΟΛΥΝΩ, ΡΥΠΑΙΝΩ, ΒΕΒΗΛΟΩ

Etymology: The word 'μιαίνω' (miainō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the concept of defilement and impurity.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G0314

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-gi-NOH-skon-toh

Translations: they were reading, they were being read, they were recognizing, they were being recognized

Notes: This is a verb in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It means 'to read' or 'to recognize'. In this form, it is in the third person plural, middle or passive voice, meaning 'they were reading for themselves' (middle) or 'they were being read' (passive). The context usually clarifies whether the middle or passive sense is intended.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Third Person Plural, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ

G3854

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-reh-GEH-non-toh

Translations: they came, they arrived, they were present

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside,' and the verb γίνομαι (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to be.' Together, it means 'to come alongside,' 'to arrive,' or 'to be present.' It describes the act of someone or a group of people arriving at a particular place or being present at an event.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

G1284

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-er-RAY-kho-tes

Translations: having torn, having burst, having broken

Notes: This word describes the action of tearing, bursting, or breaking something apart. It is often used in the context of tearing clothes as a sign of grief, distress, or indignation, which was a common practice in ancient cultures. It implies a completed action with ongoing results.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΣΧΙΖΩ, ΛΥΩ

Etymology: From διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and ῥήγνυμι (rhēgnymi), meaning 'to break' or 'to tear'. The compound verb emphasizes the action of tearing or breaking completely apart.

G2440

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-MA-tee-ah

Translations: garments, clothes, raiment

Notes: This word refers to clothing in general, specifically outer garments or cloaks. It is commonly used to denote the attire worn by people. In ancient contexts, it could refer to a single piece of clothing that served as both a cloak and a blanket.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΜΑΤΑ, ΕΣΘΗΣ

Etymology: The word ἱμάτιον (himátion) is a diminutive of ἱμάς (himás), meaning 'leather strap' or 'thong', which later came to refer to a garment. It is related to the verb ἵημι (híēmi), 'to send, throw', possibly referring to something thrown over the body.

G0518

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-pang-GEL-lon-tes

Translations: announcing, reporting, telling, declaring, bringing back word, those who announce, those who report

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'ἀπαγγέλλω', meaning 'to announce' or 'to report'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀπό' (away from, from) and 'ἀγγέλλω' (to announce, to report). It is used to describe someone who is in the act of announcing, reporting, or bringing a message.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΓΓΕΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ἈΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ἘΞΑΓΓΕΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The verb ἀπαγγέλλω (apangellō) is formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἀγγέλλω (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to report'. The root ἀγγέλλω is related to the word ἄγγελος (angelos), meaning 'messenger'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G1996

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-soon-AKH-thay

Translations: was gathered together, were gathered together, assembled, collected

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'ἘΠΙ' (upon, in addition), 'ΣΥΝ' (with, together), and 'ΑΓΩ' (to lead, bring). It means to be gathered together, assembled, or collected, often implying a coming together from various places or for a specific purpose. It is used to describe people or things being brought together into one place.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩ, ΑΘΡΟΙΖΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G4425

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: PTO-le-MAH-ee-doss

Translations: of Ptolemais

Notes: Ptolemais was an ancient city on the coast of Phoenicia, known today as Acre or Akko in modern-day Israel. It was a significant port city during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, often mentioned in historical and biblical texts. The name 'Ptolemais' was given to it by Ptolemy II Philadelphus, an Egyptian pharaoh, in the 3rd century BC.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The city was originally known as Akko. It was renamed Ptolemais by Ptolemy II Philadelphus, a king of the Ptolemaic Kingdom in ancient Egypt, in the 3rd century BC. The name 'Ptolemais' is derived from his name.

G1056

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: gah-lee-LAH-yah

Translations: Galilee

Notes: Galilee is a region in northern ancient Israel, known for its fertile land and significant role in biblical history, particularly as the primary setting for Jesus's ministry. It is often referred to in the New Testament.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Genitive, or Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Galilee' comes from the Hebrew word 'galil' (גָּלִיל), meaning 'circle' or 'district'. It referred to a district of northern Israel, particularly the region inhabited by Gentiles.

G246

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: al-LO-foo-LOHN

Translations: of foreigners, of aliens, of other tribes, of other nations, of strange people

Notes: This word is a compound adjective or noun, meaning 'of another tribe or nation'. It refers to people who are not of the same race, tribe, or nationality as the speaker, often implying a sense of being foreign or alien. It is used to describe things belonging to or associated with such people.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΘΝΩΝ, ΞΕΝΩΝ, ΑΛΛΟΓΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another', and φυλή (phylē), meaning 'tribe' or 'race'.

G0355

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-ah-nah-LOH-sai

Translations: to consume, to destroy, to use up, to spend, to waste

Notes: This verb means to consume, destroy, or use up completely. It implies a thorough and often destructive consumption, whether of resources, time, or even people. It can be used in contexts of fire consuming something, or an army destroying a city, or someone wasting their possessions.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΔΑΠΑΝΑΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix ἐξ- (ex-, meaning 'out of' or 'completely') and ἀναλόω (analoo), which means 'to consume' or 'to use up'. The verb ἀναλόω itself is derived from ἀνά (ana, 'up' or 'again') and ἁλίσκω (halisko, 'to be captured' or 'to be taken').

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1577

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ek-klee-SEE-ah

Translations: assembly, an assembly, church, a church, congregation, a congregation, (to) assembly, (to) church, (to) congregation

Notes: This word refers to a gathering or assembly of people, often called together for a specific purpose. In ancient Greek contexts, it could refer to a political assembly of citizens. In the New Testament, it primarily refers to the Christian church, either a local congregation or the universal body of believers. It can be used to describe both the physical gathering of people and the spiritual entity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative or Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΗ, ΟΜΙΛΙΑ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. Thus, it literally means 'a calling out' or 'those called out'.

G1011

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: boo-LEH-oo-es-thai

Translations: to counsel, to deliberate, to plan, to advise, to resolve, to decide

Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'βουλεύω'. It means to take counsel, to deliberate, or to plan, often implying a process of thought leading to a decision. It can also mean to resolve or decide. In a sentence, it would typically follow another verb and express the purpose or result of an action, such as 'they gathered to deliberate'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΔΙΑΛΟΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΣΚΟΠΕΩ

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-ee-SOH-seen

Translations: they may do, they may make, they may produce, they may perform

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), which means 'to do', 'to make', 'to produce', or 'to perform'. It is a very common verb used in a wide range of contexts, from creating something to carrying out an action or fulfilling a command. In this specific form, it indicates a potential or hypothetical action performed by a group.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Subjunctive, Active

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FOYS

Translations: to brothers, to brethren, to fellow countrymen, to fellow believers

Notes: This word refers to brothers, both literal siblings and, more broadly, fellow members of a community, nation, or faith. It is often used in a figurative sense to denote close associates or fellow believers, emphasizing a bond of kinship or shared identity. In this dative plural form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to or for brothers/brethren'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΕΚΝΟΙΣ, ΟΜΟΓΕΝΕΣΙΝ

G2347

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thlip-SEI

Translations: (to) tribulation, (to) affliction, (to) distress, (to) trouble, in tribulation, in affliction, in distress, in trouble

Notes: This word refers to tribulation, affliction, distress, or trouble. It describes a state of pressure, suffering, or hardship. It is often used to denote severe difficulties or persecution. In a sentence, it would typically indicate the circumstances or state in which an action occurs, or the recipient of an action (in a figurative sense).

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ, ΠΑΘΗΜΑ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ

G4170

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: po-le-MOO-me-noys

Translations: to those being warred against, to those being fought, to those being attacked

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'those who are being warred against' or 'those who are being attacked'. It describes individuals or groups who are the recipients of hostile action or conflict. It is used in a dative plural context, indicating the indirect object of an action, such as 'to' or 'for' these individuals.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΑΝΤΙΤΑΤΤΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ

G4613

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: see-MOH-nee

Translations: (to) Simon

Notes: This is the dative singular form of the proper noun 'Simon'. Simon was a very common name in the ancient world, particularly among Jews, and is borne by several significant figures in the Bible, including Simon Peter, Simon the Zealot, and Simon of Cyrene. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to Simon' or 'for Simon'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Simon is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name Shim'on (שִׁמְעוֹן), meaning 'he has heard' or 'hearing'. It was a very common name among Jews during the Hellenistic and Roman periods.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-PHO

Translations: to brother, to a brother, to fellow believer, to a fellow believer, to countryman, to a countryman

Notes: This word refers to a brother by birth, but it is also commonly used in a broader sense to refer to a fellow countryman, a fellow human being, or, especially in a religious context, a fellow believer or disciple. It is a dative form, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Dative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΔΕΛΦΟΤΗΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΔΕΛΦΟΣ is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

G4572

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: seh-ahf-TOH

Translations: (to) yourself, (to) thyself

Notes: This is a reflexive pronoun meaning 'yourself' or 'thyself'. It is used when the action of the verb is directed back to the subject of the sentence. For example, 'you give to yourself'. It is a compound word formed from the second person pronoun 'σύ' (you) and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτοῦ' (himself, herself, itself).

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine

Etymology: The word ΣΕΑΥΤΟΥ is a compound of the second person pronoun ΣΥ (you) and the intensive pronoun ΑΥΤΟΣ (self). It developed from the earlier form ΣΕΑΥΤΟΥ, which itself is a contraction of ΣΟΙ ΑΥΤΟΥ.

G4506

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: RHOO-sai

Translations: deliver, rescue, save, protect

Notes: This word means to deliver, rescue, or save someone or something from danger, evil, or an undesirable situation. It implies an act of drawing out or pulling away from harm. It is often used in prayers or pleas for divine intervention to be saved from enemies, sin, or death.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Imperative, Second Person Singular OR Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΩΖΩ, ΛΥΤΡΟΩ

Etymology: The word ῥύομαι (rhyomai) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to draw, to drag, to pull'. It is related to the idea of drawing something out of danger or pulling it to safety.

G1473

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FOS

Translations: brother, a brother, fellow countryman, kinsman, fellow believer

Notes: This word refers to a brother, either by birth or by a close familial or social bond. It can also be used metaphorically to refer to a fellow countryman, a kinsman, or a fellow believer in a religious context. It is a masculine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΝΗΡ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ, ἙΤΑΙΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: por-yoo-SOH-meth-ah

Translations: we will go, we shall go, we will travel, we shall travel

Notes: This word means 'we will go' or 'we shall travel'. It is a verb indicating future action of moving or journeying. It is used when a group of people (including the speaker) intends to proceed to a place or embark on a journey.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Future Indicative, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΟΔΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word πορεύομαι (poreuomai) is derived from the noun πόρος (poros), meaning 'a way, a passage, a ford'. It signifies movement along a path or through a passage.

G2501

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oh-SAYF-on

Translations: Joseph

Notes: This is the name Joseph, a prominent figure in both the Old and New Testaments of the Bible. It refers to various individuals, most notably the son of Jacob in the Old Testament and the husband of Mary, the mother of Jesus, in the New Testament. It is used to refer to the person as the direct object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Joseph is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name Yosef (יוֹסֵף), meaning 'He will add' or 'He increases'. It is a common name throughout biblical history.

G0001

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-zah-REE-ahn

Translations: Azariah

Notes: Azariah is a Hebrew proper name meaning 'Yahweh has helped' or 'Yahweh is my help'. It refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, most notably one of Daniel's three companions who was thrown into the fiery furnace (also known by his Babylonian name Abednego). It is used to refer to this specific person.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Azariah is of Hebrew origin, derived from the elements 'azar' (to help) and 'Yah' (a shortened form of Yahweh, the name of God). It is a common name in the Old Testament, borne by many individuals.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G4399

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-TEE-teh

Translations: stand before, preside over, manage, rule, protect, be a leader

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from πρός (towards, before) and ἵστημι (to stand). It means to stand before, to be at the head of, to preside over, to manage, or to protect. It implies a position of leadership, authority, or care over others. It can be used in contexts where someone is appointed to govern or take charge.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΤΕΩ

Etymology: The word προΐστημι is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, toward, before,' and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand, to set.' Its etymology reflects the idea of standing in front of or being placed in charge.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G4863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soo-NAP-see-teh

Translations: join, unite, connect, engage, make war, join battle

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb ἅπτω (haptō), meaning 'to fasten' or 'to touch.' It means to join together, unite, or connect. In a military context, as seen in the examples, it specifically refers to engaging in battle or making war.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Subjunctive, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΒΑΛΛΩ, ΠΟΛΕΜΕΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek σύν (syn, 'with, together') and ἅπτω (haptō, 'to fasten, to touch').

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G1994

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-STREF-sai

Translations: to turn, to return, to turn back, to convert, to restore

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to turn' or 'to return'. It is often used to describe a physical turning or returning to a place, but can also signify a moral or spiritual turning, such as converting to a new belief or repenting from sin. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb 'στρέφω' (strephō), meaning 'to turn'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΥΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ

G5140

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: trees-KHEE-lee-oy

Translations: three thousand

Notes: This word is a numeral meaning 'three thousand'. It is a compound word formed from 'τρίς' (tris), meaning 'thrice' or 'three times', and 'χίλιοι' (chilioi), meaning 'thousand'. It is used to denote a quantity of three thousand units and typically functions as an adjective modifying a plural noun.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative

Etymology: The word τρισχίλιοι (trischilioi) is a compound of τρίς (tris), meaning 'thrice' or 'three times', and χίλιοι (chilioi), meaning 'thousand'.

G4937

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-TREE-bee

Translations: was broken, was crushed, was shattered, was bruised

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be broken,' 'to be crushed,' or 'to be shattered.' It is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'συντρίβω' (syntribō), indicating an action that was completed in the past and was done to the subject. It can be used to describe physical breaking or crushing, or metaphorically, such as being broken in spirit.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΘΛΑΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΝΥΜΙ, ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ

G3880

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EL-ab-en

Translations: received, took, took along, took over, took into possession, took control of

Notes: This verb means to receive something, to take something along with oneself, or to take possession or control of something. It often implies taking something from another person or taking something into one's care or possession. It can be used in contexts of receiving traditions, taking someone with you on a journey, or a ruler taking over a kingdom.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-sah

Translations: as many as, all that, whatever, how many, all things whatsoever, whatever things

Notes: This word is the neuter plural form of the relative pronoun/adjective ὅσος (hosos). It means 'as many as' or 'all that/which' and is used to introduce a relative clause, referring to an indefinite quantity or number of things. It can function as both a pronoun (e.g., 'whatever things') or an adjective (e.g., 'as many things as'). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: PANTA, HAPAS

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode, 'this') and the interrogative pronoun τίς (tis, 'who? what?').

G0071

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-GAH-gon

Translations: I led, I brought, I carried, I took, they led, they brought, they carried, they took

Notes: This word is an aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ἄγω' (ago), meaning 'to lead', 'to bring', 'to carry', or 'to take'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point. Depending on the context, it can be translated as 'I led/brought/carried/took' (first person singular) or 'they led/brought/carried/took' (third person plural).

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΠΑΓΩ

Etymology: The word 'ἄγω' (ago) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to drive, lead, or draw'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with many derivatives.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G2167

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-fro-SOO-nays

Translations: of joy, of gladness, of merriment, of cheerfulness

Notes: This word refers to a state of joy, gladness, or merriment. It describes a feeling of cheerfulness and delight. It is often used to express the positive emotional state of a person or a group.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΑΡΑ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: From ΕΥ̓ΦΡΩΝ (euphrōn, 'cheerful, joyful'), which is from ΕΥ̓ (eu, 'well') and ΦΡΗΝ (phrēn, 'mind, heart'). It literally means 'well-minded' or 'well-hearted'.

G3129

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Mak-ka-BAH-yos

Translations: Maccabaeus

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Judas Maccabaeus, a Jewish leader who led the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BC. He is a significant figure in Jewish history, known for his military prowess and his role in the rededication of the Second Temple, which is commemorated by the festival of Hanukkah. The name 'Maccabaeus' itself is thought to mean 'hammer' or 'extinguisher'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Maccabaeus' is believed to be derived from the Aramaic word 'maqqaba' (מַקָּבָא), meaning 'hammer', or from the Hebrew 'makkabi' (מכבי), meaning 'extinguisher' or 'queller'. It was a surname given to Judas, likely due to his military effectiveness.

G1224

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-BEE-san

Translations: they crossed over, they passed through, they went over

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Therefore, it means 'to go through' or 'to step across'. It is used to describe the action of moving from one side to another, often across a physical barrier like a river or a boundary. It typically takes an accusative object for the thing being crossed.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣΑΝ, ΔΙΕΛΘΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΒΑΙΝΩ is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. The root βαίνω comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to step' or 'to go'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-por-YOO-thay-san

Translations: they went, they departed, they traveled, they walked

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to go', 'to depart', 'to travel', or 'to walk'. It describes the act of moving from one place to another. The form 'ἘΠΟΡΕΥΘΗΣΑΝ' indicates that the action was completed in the past by a group of people (third person plural). It is often used to describe a journey or a movement towards a destination.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word πορεύομαι (poreuomai) comes from the Greek word πόρος (poros), meaning 'a way' or 'a passage'. It signifies movement along a path or route.

G3463

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: nah-bah-TAH-ee-oys

Translations: to Nabataeans, for Nabataeans

Notes: This word refers to the Nabataeans, an ancient Arab people who inhabited northern Arabia and the southern Levant. They were known for their impressive rock-cut architecture, especially in Petra, and their control over trade routes. This form of the word indicates that it is the indirect object of a verb or preposition, meaning 'to' or 'for' the Nabataeans.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: The word is derived from the name of the Nabataeans, an ancient Semitic people. It is of Aramaic origin, referring to the inhabitants of Nabataea.

G0001

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peen-TEE-san

Translations: they met, they encountered, they went to meet

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to meet', 'to encounter', or 'to go to meet'. It describes the action of coming face to face with someone or something, often with the intention of interaction. It is typically used in the context of people meeting each other.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΥΠΑΝΤΑΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, "from, away from") and ἀντάω (antaō, "to meet, to come opposite to"). The prefix ἀπό indicates movement away from a point, while ἀντάω signifies meeting or confronting.

G1334

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ay-GAY-san-toh

Translations: they related, they narrated, they recounted, they described, they told

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'διηγέομαι'. It means to relate, narrate, recount, or describe something in detail. It is used when a group of people tell a story, give an account, or provide a detailed description of events.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΕΚΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

G0537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PAN-tah

Translations: all, every, the whole, all things, everything

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It can refer to a complete group or quantity. It is often used to emphasize the totality of something, such as 'all people' or 'all time'. When used in the neuter plural, it can be translated as 'all things' or 'everything'.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural; or Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Singular or Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ, ΣΥΜΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΑΣ (apas) is a compound word formed from the prefix Α- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'completely', and ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'.

G4819

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: soom-beh-bee-KO-tah

Translations: things that have happened, events, occurrences, incidents, circumstances

Notes: This word is the neuter plural perfect active participle of the verb 'συμβαίνω' (symbainō), meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'. When used in the neuter plural, it functions as a noun, referring to 'things that have happened' or 'events'. It describes the outcome or circumstances of a situation.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ

G4846

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Verb

Sounds like: soon-ee-leel-im-MEH-noy

Translations: caught, seized, arrested, taken, apprehended, conceived, helped, assisted

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been caught' or 'having been seized'. It describes someone or something that has been apprehended, taken into custody, or captured. It can also refer to the act of conceiving (as in a child) or providing assistance to someone. In a sentence, it would describe the state of being taken or held.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΙΑΝΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΗΦΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ΣΥΝΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (LAMBANO), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. Thus, it literally means 'to take together' or 'to seize with'.

G3173

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: meh-GAH-lai

Translations: great, large, mighty, important, a great, a large

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'great' or 'large'. It can describe size, importance, intensity, or power. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating that they possess a significant degree of the quality described. For example, it can refer to a great city, a great voice, or great power.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂- (great). It is related to Latin magnus and English much.

G5021

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: TAS-son-tai

Translations: they are arranged, they are appointed, they are ordered, they are stationed, they are set in order

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to arrange, appoint, order, or station. In this form, it is in the passive voice, indicating that the subjects are being arranged or appointed by someone or something else, rather than performing the action themselves. It is often used in military contexts to describe troops being arrayed or positioned, or more generally for people being assigned to a task or place.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΣΩ, ΣΥΝΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word ΤΑΣΣΩ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to arrange' or 'to put in order'.

G3918

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-em-bal-EIN

Translations: to encamp, to cast up, to throw in, to interpose, to place between

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para, 'beside, alongside') and the verb ἐμβάλλω (emballo, 'to throw in, to cast upon'). It means to throw or place something alongside or between, often implying an action of interposition or encamping. It can refer to setting up a camp, casting up a mound, or interposing oneself or something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΟΠΕΔΕΥΩ, ΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and ἐμβάλλω (emballo), meaning 'to throw in' or 'to cast upon'. The verb ἐμβάλλω itself comes from ἐν (en), meaning 'in', and βάλλω (ballo), meaning 'to throw'.

G3795

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: okh-y-ROH-mah-tah

Translations: stronghold, strongholds, fortress, fortresses, a stronghold, a fortress

Notes: This word refers to a fortified place or a strong defense, literally or figuratively. It can describe a physical fortress or a metaphorical stronghold, such as an argument, a belief system, or anything that offers strong resistance or protection. In a figurative sense, it can represent obstacles or arguments that stand against truth or progress.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ, ΤΕΙΧΟΣ

G2638

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-lah-BES-thai

Translations: to seize, to lay hold of, to overtake, to apprehend, to comprehend, to grasp, to attain, to find, to come upon

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition κατά (kata, 'down' or 'against') and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō, 'to take' or 'to receive'). It generally means to take hold of something, often with force or suddenness, implying seizing, overtaking, or apprehending. It can also refer to mentally grasping or comprehending something, or to attaining a goal. In some contexts, it means to find or come upon something or someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G3925

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: par-em-bo-LEE

Translations: camp, an army, a barracks, a fortress, a castle, a camp of Israel, a military camp

Notes: This word refers to a military camp, an encampment, or an army itself. It can also denote a barracks, a fortress, or a castle, particularly in the context of a fortified place where soldiers reside. In the New Testament, it is often used to refer to the Roman barracks in Jerusalem or the camp of Israel in the wilderness.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΟΠΕΔΟΝ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound of 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and 'ἐμβολή' (embolē), meaning 'an insertion' or 'a thrusting in'. Together, it refers to a place where something is thrown or placed alongside, hence an encampment or camp.

G1002

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: BOH-sor

Translations: Bozrah

Notes: Bozrah is a proper noun referring to an ancient city in Edom, located in modern-day Jordan. It was a significant city mentioned in the Old Testament, known for its strategic location and fortifications. It is often associated with prophecies concerning Edom.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive (when inflected as ΒΟΣΟΡΡΑ or ΒΟΣΟΡΡΑΣ)

Etymology: The name 'Bozrah' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'sheepfold' or 'fortification'. It is derived from the Hebrew word 'בָּצְרָה' (Botsrah).

G0869

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AF-noh

Translations: suddenly, unexpectedly, all at once

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'suddenly' or 'unexpectedly'. It is used to describe an action or event that happens without warning or preparation, often implying a quick or abrupt occurrence. For example, it can describe someone falling suddenly or a noise appearing unexpectedly.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΞΑΙΦΝΗΣ, ΑΙΦΝΙΔΙΩΣ

Etymology: The origin of ἈΦΝΩ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the root φαν- (phan-), meaning 'to appear' or 'to show', possibly implying something that appears suddenly or without being seen beforehand.

G2638

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-LAH-beh-toh

Translations: he seized, he took possession of, he captured, he apprehended, he overtook, he understood

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). It means to seize, take possession of, capture, or apprehend. In some contexts, it can also mean to overtake or to understand fully. It describes an action of taking hold of something or someone, often with force or determination.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G0615

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pek-TEI-nen

Translations: he killed, she killed, it killed, he slew, she slew, it slew

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb ἀποκτείνω (apokteinō), meaning 'to kill' or 'to slay'. It describes a completed action of killing or slaying, typically referring to a single instance in the past. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κτείνω (kteinō), meaning 'to kill'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: PAN

Translations: all, every, whole, everything, a whole

Notes: This word is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. For example, it can mean 'all things' or 'everything' when used substantively, or 'the whole' when modifying a singular noun. It can also be used to mean 'every' when referring to individual items within a group.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- meaning 'to protect, feed'. Its meaning evolved to 'all' or 'whole' in Greek.

G0521

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-PAI-ren

Translations: he took away, he carried away, he departed, he removed, he lifted up

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'apairō'. It means 'he took away', 'he carried away', 'he departed', or 'he removed'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, often implying a movement away from a place or a removal of something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΩ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, "from, away from") and αἴρω (airō, "I lift, I take up").

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-po-REU-eh-toh

Translations: was going, went, traveled, proceeded

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to go,' 'to travel,' or 'to proceed.' It is in the imperfect tense, indicating a continuous, repeated, or ongoing action in the past. It can be used to describe someone moving from one place to another, or a process unfolding over time. The form ἘΠΟΡΕΥΕΤΟ specifically refers to a third-person singular subject (he, she, or it) who was going or traveling.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ

G0142

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-ran

Translations: they took up, they lifted, they carried, they took away, they removed

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'αἴρω' (airō). It describes an action that was completed in the past, specifically that 'they' (a group of people) lifted, took up, carried, or removed something. It can be used in various contexts where an object is being physically moved from one place to another, or even metaphorically removed.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loos

Translations: much, many, great, a great deal, a great many

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. For example, it can refer to a large crowd of people or a significant amount of something. It can also be used to describe something as 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G0706

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-rith-MOS

Translations: number, a number

Notes: This word refers to a quantity, a count, or a total. It is used to denote how many of something there are, or a specific numerical value. For example, it can refer to the number of people, the number of days, or a specific number like 'sixty'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΠΟΣΟΝ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ri-dʰh₁-mo-, related to counting or fitting. It is connected to the verb ἀρέσκω (areskō), meaning 'to please' or 'to fit'.

G0142

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: AI-ron-tes

Translations: lifting, taking up, carrying, bearing, taking away, removing, those who lift, those who take up, those who carry, those who bear, those who take away, those who remove

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'αἴρω' (airō). It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It means 'lifting,' 'taking up,' 'carrying,' 'bearing,' 'taking away,' or 'removing.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, often describing the subject of a sentence or providing additional information about an action. For example, it can be translated as 'those who are lifting' or 'while lifting.'

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ

G3180

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mee-kha-NAS

Translations: machines, devices, contrivances, schemes, plots

Notes: This word refers to a machine, device, or contrivance, often one used for a specific purpose, such as a military engine or a tool. It can also refer to a clever plan, scheme, or plot, especially one designed to achieve a particular outcome, whether good or bad. In a sentence, it would function as the object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΝΟΙΑ, ΤΕΧΝΗ, ΒΟΥΛΗ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΧΑΝΗ (mēchanē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *magh- meaning 'to be able, have power'. It is related to words signifying ability, means, or contrivance.

G4171

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-leh-mos

Translations: war, a war, battle, a battle, fight, a fight

Notes: This word refers to a state of armed conflict between different countries or groups, or a particular series of battles or campaigns. It can also refer to a struggle or conflict of any kind. It is typically used in the singular, but can also be found in the plural to denote multiple conflicts or aspects of war.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΕΡΙΣ, ΑΓΩΝ

Etymology: The etymology of ΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be of pre-Greek origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to fight' or 'to contend'.

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G1831

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-EHL-then

Translations: he went out, she went out, it went out, he came out, she came out, it came out, he departed, she departed, it departed

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes the action of moving from an inside place to an outside place, or departing from a location. It is used to indicate that a person or thing has exited or left a specific area.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G0746

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-KHAIS

Translations: (to) beginnings, (to) rulers, (to) authorities, (to) principalities, (to) first places, (to) divisions, (to) companies

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'ἈΡΧΗ'. It refers to the initial point of something, a position of authority, or a person holding such authority. In military contexts, it can refer to divisions or companies of soldiers, as seen in the provided examples where it describes groups of people or troops. It indicates the recipient or indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΙΣ, ΔΥΝΑΜΕΣΙΝ, ΗΓΕΜΟΣΙΝ

G4535

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-SAL-pi-sen

Translations: blew a trumpet, sounded a trumpet

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to blow a trumpet' or 'to sound a trumpet'. It describes the action of making a sound with a trumpet, often in a military context, for signaling, or in a ceremonial setting. It is typically used with the trumpet as the instrument by which the action is performed.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Etymology: From SALPINX (G4536), meaning 'trumpet'. The verb is derived from the noun, indicating the action associated with the instrument.

G4335

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-YOO-khee

Translations: prayer, a prayer, supplication

Notes: This word refers to an act of prayer or supplication, a communication with God or a deity. It is commonly used to describe the act of worship or a specific request made in prayer. It can be used in contexts ranging from personal devotion to public worship.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, ΕΥΧΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek προσεύχομαι (proseúkhomai, “to pray”), from πρός (prós, “to, toward”) + εὔχομαι (eúkhomai, “to pray, to wish”). It literally means 'a prayer directed towards'.

G1921

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-GNO

Translations: knew, recognized, understood, perceived, learned, ascertained, became acquainted with

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'epiginōskō', meaning to know fully, to recognize, or to understand. It implies a deeper, more complete knowledge than simply 'ginōskō' (to know). It can be used to describe the act of coming to a full realization or becoming thoroughly acquainted with something or someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

G5095

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: tee-mo-THEH-oo

Translations: of Timothy

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Timothy'. It refers to a person named Timothy, and in this form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to Timothy' or 'from Timothy'. It is commonly used in contexts like 'the letter of Timothy' or 'the house of Timothy'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Timothy' is of Greek origin, derived from the words 'τιμή' (timē), meaning 'honor' or 'value', and 'θεός' (theos), meaning 'God'. Thus, the name means 'honoring God' or 'honored by God'.

G4291

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-ka-te-LA-be-to

Translations: he seized beforehand, he took possession of, he occupied, he anticipated, he surprised

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefixes πρό (pro, 'before') and κατά (kata, 'down, completely') and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō, 'to take, seize'). It means to seize or take possession of something beforehand, to anticipate an action, or to surprise someone by acting first. It implies securing something before others can, or taking control of a situation preemptively.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ

G4863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-ay-GAH-gen

Translations: gathered, collected, assembled

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb συναγω (synago). It means to gather together, collect, or assemble. It is a compound word formed from the preposition συν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb αγω (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. Thus, it literally means 'to lead or bring together'. It is used to describe the action of bringing people or things into one place.

Inflection: Third person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΘΡΟΙΖΩ, ΣΥΛΛΕΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G4383

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-OH-pon

Translations: face, a face, presence, person, appearance

Notes: This word refers to the face of a person or animal. It can also denote one's presence or appearance, or even a person themselves, especially in a formal or legal context. It is used to describe physical features as well as the impression or aspect someone presents.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, "to, towards") and ὤψ (ōps, "eye, face"). It literally means "that which is towards the eye" or "that which is before the eye."

G4008

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: peh-RAN

Translations: beyond, over, on the other side, across

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'beyond' or 'on the other side,' indicating a location or direction. It can also be used as a preposition, typically with the genitive case, to mean 'beyond' or 'across' something, indicating movement or position relative to a boundary.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΚΕΙΝΑ, ΕΚΕΙΘΕΝ

Etymology: From the root *per- meaning 'to pass through, to go over.' It is related to the verb περάω (peraō), meaning 'to pass through' or 'to cross.'

G2684

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-sko-PEH-sai

Translations: to spy out, to scout, to observe, to examine

Notes: This word means to spy out, to scout, or to examine something carefully, often with the intention of discovering information, especially for hostile purposes or to find fault. It implies a close and often clandestine observation. It is used in sentences to describe the act of sending someone to gather intelligence or to investigate a situation.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΠΤΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΕΞΕΡΕΥΝΑΩ

G0518

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pang-GEH-ee-lan

Translations: they reported, they announced, they told, they declared, they brought back word

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and the verb ἀγγέλλω (aggellō, 'to announce, to report'). It means to bring a message from someone or somewhere, to report, announce, or declare. It is often used when conveying news or information, especially when it's a report back to someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΛΕΓΩ

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G1997

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: ep-ee-soon-ayg-MEH-noy

Translations: gathered together, assembled, collected, those gathered together, those assembled

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been gathered together' or 'assembled'. It describes a state of being brought together from various places. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, to), 'σύν' (with, together), and 'ἄγω' (to lead, to bring). It is used to describe a group of people or things that have been brought into one place.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative or Vocative, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΗΓΜΕΝΟΙ, ΣΥΝΗΘΡΟΙΣΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word ἐπισυνάγω (episynagō) is a compound verb derived from the preposition ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'to'), σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together'), and the verb ἄγω (agō, meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'). It signifies the action of bringing together or assembling people or things from various places into one location.

G1411

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DOO-nah-mees

Translations: power, might, strength, ability, miracle, a power, a miracle

Notes: This word refers to inherent power, ability, or strength, often implying a capacity for action or accomplishment. It can describe physical strength, moral power, or even miraculous power, especially when referring to divine power or acts of God. It is frequently used in the New Testament to denote the supernatural power of God or the Holy Spirit, or the power demonstrated through miracles.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ, ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: From δύναμαι (dynamai, "to be able, to have power"), which is of uncertain origin.

G3918

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-em-BAL-loo-sin

Translations: they encamp, they pitch camp, they throw in beside, they interpose

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning to encamp, pitch a camp, or to throw or place something in between. It is often used in military contexts to describe setting up a camp or positioning troops. It can also mean to interpose or intervene. The word is formed from the prepositions παρά (para, beside) and ἐν (en, in), combined with the verb βάλλω (ballō, to throw).

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΟΠΕΔΕΥΩ, ΣΚΗΝΟΩ

G1437

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G4387

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ross

Translations: former, earlier, first, prior, a former, an earlier, a first, a prior

Notes: This word describes something that comes before another in time, order, or importance. It can refer to something that existed previously or happened earlier. It is often used to distinguish between an earlier state or event and a later one.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΠΑΛΑΙΟΣ, ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: From the comparative form of the adverb πρό (pro), meaning 'before'. It indicates a position or time that is prior to something else.

G5286

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pos-TEE-nai

Translations: to stand under, to stand firm, to withstand, to endure, to resist

Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb ὑφίστημι (hyphistēmi), which is a compound verb formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo, meaning 'under') and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi, meaning 'to stand'). It generally means to stand under something, to stand firm against opposition, or to endure. It can also mean to withstand or resist an attack or pressure.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΝΘΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΑΝΤΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G1169

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: day-LOH-thay

Translations: be afraid, be cowardly, be terrified, be disheartened

Notes: This verb means to become cowardly, to be afraid, or to be disheartened. It describes a state of fear or loss of courage. In the provided examples, it is used in contexts of warning against fear or describing someone becoming terrified.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΕΩ, ΠΤΟΕΩ, ΔΕΙΛΙΑΩ

Etymology: From the adjective δειλός (deilos), meaning 'cowardly' or 'fearful', which itself is related to δέος (deos), meaning 'fear' or 'awe'.

G1276

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-peh-RAH-so-men

Translations: we will cross over, we will pass through, we will go across

Notes: This word means 'to cross over' or 'to pass through' from one side to another. It is often used in the context of crossing a body of water, like a river or a sea, or moving from one place to another. It implies movement across a barrier or boundary.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Future, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΩ, ΔΙΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and περάω (peraō), meaning 'to pass through' or 'to cross'.

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-TEE-sen

Translations: he stood, he set, he established, he appointed, he caused to stand, he fixed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ἵστημι' (histēmi). It means 'he stood,' 'he set,' 'he established,' or 'he appointed.' It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It can be used to describe someone taking a stand, setting something in place, or establishing a boundary or rule.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ἘΘΗΚΕΝ, ἘΣΤΗΡΙΞΕΝ

G1122

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: grah-mah-TAYSS

Translations: scribes, secretaries, clerks

Notes: This word refers to individuals who were skilled in writing, often serving as copyists, record-keepers, or public notaries. In ancient societies, especially in Jewish contexts, scribes were highly respected for their knowledge of the law and scriptures, often acting as interpreters and teachers. They could also serve in administrative roles for kings or officials.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΟΙ, ΝΟΜΙΚΟΙ

Etymology: From γράμμα (gramma, "a letter, writing") and the suffix -εύς (-eus, indicating an agent or profession). It literally means "one who deals with letters or writing."

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAS

Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.

G1715

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: em-PROS-then

Translations: before, in front, in front of, in the presence of, ahead, formerly, previously

Notes: This word functions as both an adverb and a preposition. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'in front,' indicating a position or time. As a preposition, it means 'in front of' or 'in the presence of,' typically taking the genitive case. It can also refer to something that happened 'formerly' or 'previously.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐν (en, 'in') and the adverbial form of πρός (pros, 'to, toward'). It literally means 'in front of' or 'in the direction of'.

G3696

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OP-lah

Translations: arms, weapons, armor, hoofs

Notes: This word is a plural noun that can refer to military equipment such as arms, weapons, or armor. It can also refer to the hoofs of an animal. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΠΛΙΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΝΥΞ

Etymology: The word ὅπλον (hoplon) is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sep-, meaning 'to handle, to grasp'. It originally referred to any tool or implement, and later specialized to mean 'weapon' or 'armor'.

G5090

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEH-meh-noss

Translations: sacred precinct, temple, a sacred precinct, a temple

Notes: This word refers to a sacred enclosure or a piece of land set apart and dedicated to a deity, often containing a temple or altar. It is a consecrated area, distinct from common ground, and is used to denote a holy place or sanctuary.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb τέμνω (temnō), meaning 'to cut, to set apart', referring to a piece of land cut off or set apart for sacred use.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: kar-NAH-een

Translations: Karnaim

Notes: Karnaim is a proper noun, referring to a city or place mentioned in ancient texts, particularly in the Septuagint (the Greek Old Testament). It is often associated with the region of Gilead or Bashan. The name itself means 'two horns' or 'double-horned', possibly referring to a geographical feature or a deity associated with horns.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name Karnaim is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'two horns' or 'double-horned'. It refers to a specific place in ancient Palestine.

G4291

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-ka-te-LA-bon-to

Translations: they seized beforehand, they occupied beforehand, they took possession beforehand, they anticipated, they surprised

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to seize beforehand,' 'to occupy in advance,' or 'to anticipate.' It is often used to describe taking possession of a place or an advantage before others can. In the provided context, it refers to occupying strategic locations like mountain peaks.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΧΕΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of three parts: πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'; κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against'; and λαμβάνω (lambano), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. The combination signifies taking something down or seizing it in advance.

G1410

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DY-nah-toh

Translations: was able, could, had power

Notes: This word is the imperfect tense of the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It describes an ongoing or repeated ability or capacity in the past. It is often used to express that someone 'could' or 'was able' to do something, or 'had the power' to do it, but the action might not have been completed or was a continuous state.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ἸΣΧΥΩ, ἘΞΕΣΤΙΝ

G3398

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: mee-KROO

Translations: (of) small, (of) little, (of) short, (of) young, (of) unimportant, (of) the small one, (of) the little one, (of) the least

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective 'ΜΙΚΡΟΣ' (mikros), meaning 'small' or 'little'. It can describe something as being of small size, quantity, or importance. When used substantively, it refers to 'the small one' or 'the least'. It is often used in phrases contrasting with 'great' or 'large', such as 'from great to small' (ἀπὸ μεγάλου ἕως μικροῦ), meaning 'from the greatest to the least' or 'from everyone, regardless of status'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ, ΕΛΑΧΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΙΚΡΟΣ (mikros) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'small'. It is related to the Latin 'minor' and 'minimus'.

G3173

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-gah-LOO

Translations: (of) great, (of) a great, (to) great, (to) a great, great things

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'great,' 'large,' 'big,' or 'mighty.' It is used to describe something of significant size, importance, or intensity. It can refer to physical size, but also to status, power, or quantity. For example, it might describe a great king, a large city, or a great amount of something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter; or Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYN

Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region

Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ

G2064

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EEL-thon

Translations: they came, I came, he came, she came, it came

Notes: This word is an aorist active indicative form of the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes an action that happened in the past, without specifying its duration or completion. It can be used for the 1st person singular ('I came') or the 3rd person plural ('they came'), and sometimes 3rd person singular ('he/she/it came') depending on context and subject agreement.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lis

Translations: city, a city, town, a town

Notes: The word 'polis' refers to a city or town, a populated center where people live and gather. In ancient contexts, it often implied a self-governing city-state, but in Koine Greek, it frequently refers simply to any significant urban settlement. It is used to denote the physical location and its inhabitants.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΚΩΜΗ, ΧΩΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (to fill) or *pel- (to build, to enclose). It refers to a fortified place or a populated area.

G1529

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EYE-so-DOO

Translations: (of) entrance, (of) an entrance, (of) coming in, (of) a coming in, (of) way in, (of) a way in, (of) access, (of) an access

Notes: This word refers to the act of entering or coming in, or the place or means by which one enters, such as an entrance or a way in. It can also refer to the right or opportunity to enter, or access. It is a compound word formed from 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and 'ὁδός' (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕἸΣΕΛΕΥΣΙΣ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΩΓΗ

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣΟΔΟΣ is a compound of the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the noun ὉΔΌΣ (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road'. It literally means 'a way into'.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3319

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: MEH-soo

Translations: middle, midst, among, between, in the middle, in the midst, (of) the middle, (of) the midst

Notes: This word refers to the middle or midst of something. As an adjective, it describes something as being in the middle. When used as a noun, often in the genitive case (like ΜΕΣΟΥ), it functions adverbially to indicate being in the midst of or among something or someone, frequently appearing with prepositions like διά (through) or ἐν (in).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΝ, ΜΕΣΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *medʰyo- (middle). It is cognate with Latin medius and English mid.

G5420

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-EH-frak-san

Translations: blocked, stopped, shut up, closed, fenced in

Notes: This word describes the action of blocking, stopping, or shutting something up, often with a barrier or by filling an opening. It can refer to physically obstructing a path, a gate, or a spring, or metaphorically stopping someone's mouth or a flow of something. It is a compound word formed from the prefix 'en-' (in, into) and the verb 'phrassō' (to fence in, block).

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΩ, ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ, ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΩ

G1516

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ee-ray-nee-KOYS

Translations: (to) peaceful, (by) peaceful, (with) peaceful, (to) peaceable, (by) peaceable, (with) peaceable

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'peaceful' or 'peaceable'. It describes something or someone that is characterized by peace or promotes peace. It is often used to describe words, actions, or people that are intended to bring about peace or reconciliation, as seen in the example usage where 'peaceful words' are sent.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΙΡΗΝΟΠΟΙΟΣ, ΕΙΡΗΝΕΥΤΗΣ

G1330

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-el-YOO-soh-mai

Translations: I will go through, I will pass through, I will cross over, I will travel through

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Therefore, it means 'to go through' or 'to pass through'. It is used to describe movement from one side to another, or traversing a space or region. It can also imply going through an experience or a process.

Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΔΙΟΔΕΥΩ

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: oo-DACE

Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, none, no

Notes: This word is a compound negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one,' 'nobody,' 'nothing,' or 'no.' It is formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not), the connective particle 'δέ' (but, and), and the numeral 'εἷς' (one). It is used to express absolute negation, indicating the complete absence of something or someone. When used as an adjective, it modifies a noun to mean 'no' or 'not any.'

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΔΕΙΣ is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓ (not), the connective particle ΔΕ (but, and), and the numeral ΕΙΣ (one). It literally means 'not even one' or 'not one at all,' emphasizing a complete negation.

G2554

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-koh-poy-EE-say

Translations: he will do evil, he will do wrong, he will harm, he will injure

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to do evil, to do wrong, or to harm. It describes the act of performing malicious or harmful deeds. It is often used to refer to actions that are morally bad or physically damaging to others.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΔΙΚΕΩ, ΒΛΑΠΤΩ, ΚΑΚΟΥΡΓΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΚΟΠΟΙΕΩ is a compound of two Greek words: ΚΑΚΟΣ (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil', and ΠΟΙΕΩ (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. Thus, it literally means 'to do bad' or 'to make evil'.

G4133

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: PLAYN

Translations: but, nevertheless, except, only, however, save, yet, notwithstanding, (except) for

Notes: This word functions as an adverb, conjunction, or preposition, indicating an exception, contrast, or limitation. As an adverb, it means 'nevertheless' or 'only'. As a conjunction, it means 'but' or 'however', introducing a contrasting statement. As a preposition, it means 'except' or 'save', typically followed by a genitive case, indicating exclusion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΕΙ ΜΗ, ΧΩΡΙΣ

Etymology: From an obsolete root, possibly related to πλῆθος (plēthos, 'multitude'), suggesting a sense of 'fullness' or 'completeness' from which something is excluded.

G3928

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-el-ef-SOH-meth-ah

Translations: we will pass by, we will pass through, we will go by, we will go past

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'along', and the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Together, it means to pass by, pass through, or go past something or someone. It is used to describe movement that goes alongside or beyond a particular point or area.

Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive (deponent), First Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition ΠΑΡΑ (para), meaning 'beside, along', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come, to go'. The verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ itself comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to go'.

G1014

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-BOO-lon-toh

Translations: they wished, they wanted, they desired

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'βούλομαι' (boulomai), meaning 'to wish' or 'to want'. It describes an action or state of desiring something. It is used to express a strong inclination or intention, often implying a deliberate choice or purpose. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'they wanted to go' or 'they wished to do it'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Middle/Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΘΕΛΩ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ

G2784

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kay-ROOK-sai

Translations: to proclaim, to preach, to herald, to announce

Notes: This word means to proclaim, preach, or announce publicly, often with authority or as a herald. It implies a formal and open declaration, making something known to a wide audience. It is used to describe the act of delivering a message, especially one of importance or divine origin.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΩ, ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: From κῆρυξ (kēryx, 'herald'). The verb means 'to be a herald, to proclaim as a herald'.

G1538

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-KAS-ton

Translations: each, every, each one, every one, each thing, every thing

Notes: This word means 'each' or 'every', referring to individual items or persons within a group. It is used to emphasize the distinctness of each member. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a pronoun standing in for 'each one' or 'each thing'.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΚΑΣΤΟΣ, ΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word comes from an intensive form of the demonstrative pronoun 'he' or 'that', emphasizing individuality.

G5599, G3739

Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G3860

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pah-reh-DOH-thee

Translations: he was delivered, it was delivered, he was handed over, it was handed over, he was betrayed, it was betrayed

Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'paradidomi', meaning 'to hand over', 'to deliver', or 'to betray'. In this form, it indicates an action that was completed in the past, where the subject received the action (was handed over, delivered, or betrayed). It is often used in contexts of legal or judicial delivery, or in the sense of someone being betrayed to an enemy.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G1610

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-er-ee-ZOH-sen

Translations: he uprooted, he rooted out, he plucked up, he destroyed

Notes: This word describes the action of completely removing something by its roots, such as a plant, or metaphorically, destroying or eradicating something entirely. It implies a thorough and decisive act of removal or destruction. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ῥιζόω (rhizoō), meaning 'to root' or 'to cause to take root'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΛΩ, ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ

G1883

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: eh-pa-NOH

Translations: above, over, on, upon, up, more than

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'above' or 'on top'. It can also be used as a preposition, often taking the genitive case, to indicate position 'over' or 'upon' something, or to mean 'more than' in a comparative sense. It describes location or superiority.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΠΙ, ὙΠΕΡ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and ἄνω (anō), meaning 'upwards' or 'above'.

G3173

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-gah

Translations: great, large, mighty, important, a great, a large

Notes: This word describes something as great, large, or mighty in size, extent, or importance. It can refer to physical size, but also to significance, power, or intensity. It is often used to emphasize the magnitude of something, such as a great storm, a great fear, or a great city. This particular form, ΜΕΓΑ, is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂- (great). It is related to Latin magnus and English much.

G0967

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: bahee-THAN

Translations: Bethshan, Beth-shan, Beth Shean, Scythopolis

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to an ancient city located in the Jordan Valley, known for its strategic importance. It is also referred to as Scythopolis, particularly by Greeks. The city is mentioned in various historical and biblical texts.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΚΥΘΟΠΟΛΙΣ

Etymology: From Hebrew בֵּית שְׁאָן (Beth She'an), meaning "house of rest" or "house of security." It refers to an ancient city in the Jordan Valley.

G1997

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-soo-nah-GOHN

Translations: gathering together, collecting, assembling, bringing together, a gathering together, a collecting

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'episynago', meaning 'to gather together' or 'to assemble'. It describes an ongoing action of collecting or bringing things or people into one place. It can function adjectivally, describing someone or something that is in the process of gathering, or substantively, referring to the one who gathers.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩ, ΑΘΡΟΙΖΩ, ΣΥΛΛΕΓΩ

G3870

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: pah-rah-kah-LOHN

Translations: comforting, exhorting, encouraging, appealing, entreating, inviting, consoling, a comforter, an exhorter, one who comforts, one who exhorts

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'one who is comforting' or 'one who is exhorting'. It describes an ongoing action of providing comfort, encouragement, or an appeal. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (a noun) referring to the person performing the action, such as 'the comforter' or 'the one who exhorts'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΗΓΟΡΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ

G4622

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: see-OHN

Translations: Zion

Notes: Zion refers to a specific hill in Jerusalem, often used to denote the city of Jerusalem itself, especially its spiritual and theological significance as the dwelling place of God and the center of His people. It can also refer to the heavenly Jerusalem or the spiritual community of believers.

Inflection: Does not inflect (indeclinable)

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΥΣΑΛΗΜ

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin (צִיּוֹן, Tsiyyon), meaning 'fortification' or 'citadel'. It was originally the name of a Jebusite fortress in Jerusalem, which King David conquered and made his capital.

G2167

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-fro-SOO-nay

Translations: joy, gladness, mirth, a joy, a gladness, a mirth

Notes: This word refers to a state of joy, gladness, or mirth. It describes a feeling of happiness and delight, often associated with celebration or good news. It can be used to describe the general atmosphere of joy or a specific instance of it.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΑΡΑ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek verb εὐφραίνω (euphrainō), meaning 'to gladden' or 'to make merry'. It is related to the concept of 'well-being' or 'good cheer'.

G5479

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-ra

Translations: joy, a joy, gladness, delight

Notes: This word refers to a state of inner gladness, delight, or joy. It is often used to describe a deep-seated happiness that comes from a positive experience or a spiritual blessing. It can be used in sentences like 'He felt great joy' or 'There was much gladness among them.'

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the root χαίρω (chairō), meaning 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad'. It is related to the concept of grace or favor.

G1515

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: i-RAY-nay

Translations: peace, a peace

Notes: This word refers to a state of tranquility, harmony, and well-being. It can denote an absence of conflict, a sense of inner calm, or a state of reconciliation. It is often used in contexts of spiritual peace or a peaceful relationship between individuals or nations.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΑΛΗΝΗ, ΗΣΥΧΙΑ

Etymology: From a primary verb εἴρω (eirō), meaning 'to join'. The word originally conveyed the idea of binding together or joining, leading to the concept of unity and harmony, and thus peace.

G1052

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: GAL-ah-ahd

Translations: Gilead

Notes: Gilead is a geographical region in ancient Palestine, located east of the Jordan River. It is frequently mentioned in the Old Testament as a mountainous and fertile area, known for its balm and pastures. It was inhabited by various tribes of Israel.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The name Gilead is of Hebrew origin, from the word גִּלְעָד (Gil'ad), meaning 'heap of witness' or 'mound of testimony'. It is associated with the heap of stones set up by Jacob and Laban as a covenant witness.

G0043

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: an-dra-ga-THE-seh-ohn

Translations: (of) valor, (of) bravery, (of) courage, (of) manliness

Notes: This is a compound word, combining 'ἀνήρ' (man) and 'ἀγαθός' (good, brave). It refers to the quality of being a good and brave man, often implying courage, valor, and excellence in action, particularly in military or heroic contexts. It describes the virtues associated with a noble and courageous individual.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΡΕΤΗ, ΑΝΔΡΕΙΑ, ΕΥΨΥΧΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἀνδραγαθία (andragathia) is derived from ἀνήρ (anēr), meaning 'man', and ἀγαθός (agathos), meaning 'good' or 'brave'. It literally means 'goodness of a man' or 'manly goodness', evolving to signify valor and bravery.

G3634

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: OY-ah

Translations: such as, of what sort, what kind of, as, like, as great as, as much as

Notes: This word is an adjective or adverb used to express comparison or quality. As an adjective, it means 'such as' or 'of what sort,' describing the nature or kind of something. As an adverb, it means 'as' or 'like,' indicating similarity or manner. It can also be used in exclamations to express wonder or surprise, meaning 'what a!' or 'how great!'.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular; Feminine, Accusative, Singular; Neuter, Nominative, Plural; Neuter, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AY-pahn

Translations: they said, they spoke

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'εἶπον' (eîpon), which functions as the aorist tense for 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes a completed action in the past, indicating that a group of people 'said' or 'spoke' something. It is used to report direct speech or to state what was communicated by multiple individuals.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΛΗΣΑΝ, ΕΦΑΣΑΝ

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOYS

Translations: (to) themselves, (for) themselves, themselves, (among) themselves

Notes: This is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. It is used when the action of the verb is directed back to the subject of the sentence. For example, 'they gave to themselves' or 'they saw themselves'. It emphasizes that the subject is both the actor and the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, a compound of the reflexive pronoun 'ἑός' (heos, 'his own') and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self').

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: por-yoo-THOH-men

Translations: let us go, we should go, we may go

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to go', 'to proceed', or 'to travel'. The form 'ΠΟΡΕΥΘΩΜΕΝ' is a hortatory subjunctive, which expresses an exhortation or a suggestion for a collective action, essentially meaning 'let us go' or 'we should go'. It implies a movement from one place to another, often with a specific purpose or destination.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ' is derived from 'πόρος' (poros), meaning 'a way, a passage, a ford'. It signifies the act of making one's way or passing through.

G2387

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-AM-nee-an

Translations: Iamnia, to Iamnia

Notes: Iamnia is a proper noun referring to a city in ancient Judea, located on the Mediterranean coast. It is mentioned in historical and biblical texts, often in the context of travel or military movements towards or from the city. As a proper noun, it functions as the name of a specific place.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name Iamnia is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew word 'Yabneh' (יַבְנֶה), meaning 'he will build'. It was a significant city in ancient Judea, known for its rabbinical academy after the destruction of Jerusalem.

G1131

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: GOR-gee-as

Translations: Gorgias

Notes: Gorgias was a Syrian general who served under Antiochus IV Epiphanes and later Antiochus V Eupator during the Maccabean Revolt. He is mentioned in the books of 1 and 2 Maccabees. The word refers specifically to this historical individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Genitive (as seen in examples), Masculine. Proper nouns inflect for case.

Etymology: The name Gorgias is of Greek origin, likely derived from a word meaning 'grim' or 'terrible'. It was a common personal name in ancient Greece.

G1377

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-dee-OHKH-thay-san

Translations: they were persecuted, they were pursued, they were driven away

Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative, third person plural form of the verb διώκω (diōkō). It means 'they were persecuted,' 'they were pursued,' or 'they were driven away.' It describes an action that happened in the past, where the subjects of the verb were the recipients of the action, meaning someone else was persecuting, pursuing, or driving them.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΩΚΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΩ, ΕΚΔΙΩΚΩ

G2474

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: is-ra-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to the nation, the people, or the land of Israel. It is used to denote the descendants of Jacob, who was renamed Israel, and the territory they inhabited. It can be used in various contexts to refer to the historical kingdom, the spiritual community, or the geographical region.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The name 'Israel' comes from the Hebrew word 'Yisra'el', meaning 'God contends' or 'he struggles with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with an angel or God.

G1365

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: diss-KHEE-lee-oos

Translations: two thousand

Notes: This word means 'two thousand'. It is a compound word formed from 'δύο' (two) and 'χίλιοι' (thousand). It is used to indicate a quantity of two thousand units of something. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'two thousand men' or 'two thousand years'.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Etymology: The word ΔΙΣΧΙΛΙΟΙ is a compound of δύο (dyo), meaning 'two', and χίλιοι (chilioi), meaning 'thousand'. It is a direct combination of these two numerical terms.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-geh-NEE-thay

Translations: was, became, happened, came to pass, occurred, was made

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative passive (or deponent middle) form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into being,' or 'to be made.' It describes an action that occurred in the past, indicating a change of state or an event taking place. For example, it can be used to say 'he/she/it became' or 'it happened.'

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive (or Deponent Middle), 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G3633

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: OY-oh-me-noy

Translations: thinking, supposing, imagining, believing, considering, expecting

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'thinking' or 'supposing'. It describes someone who is in the act of believing, imagining, or considering something. It often implies a subjective opinion or a belief that may or may not be true. It is used to describe the state of mind of the subject of the sentence.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΟΝΤΕΣ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΔΟΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: From the root of ΟἼΩ (oiō), meaning 'to suppose, think, imagine'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is an ancient Greek verb.

G1565

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-nohn

Translations: of those, of them, those

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'those'. In this inflected form, it indicates possession or origin, translating to 'of those' or 'of them'. It is used to refer to people or things that are distant in space or time, or to distinguish them from others. For example, it might be used in a phrase like 'the houses of those people' or 'the events of those days'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΩΝ, ΤΟΥΤΩΝ

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G4991

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soh-tee-REE-ah

Translations: salvation, a salvation, deliverance, preservation, safety

Notes: This word refers to the act of saving or being saved from danger, destruction, or sin. In a theological context, it often refers to spiritual deliverance from sin and its consequences, leading to eternal life. It can also refer to physical rescue or preservation from harm.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ, ΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ, ΔΙΑΣΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb σώζω (sōzō, "to save, deliver, preserve"), related to σωτήρ (sōtēr, "savior").

G1392

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-dox-AS-thay-san

Translations: they were glorified, they were honored, they were magnified, they were praised

Notes: This word describes an action where a group of people were glorified, honored, or praised. It indicates that they received recognition, respect, or renown, often implying a divine or significant source of this honor. It is used to describe individuals or groups who have achieved a state of high esteem or recognition.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΤΙΜΑΩ, ΕΠΑΙΝΕΩ, ΜΕΓΑΛΥΝΩ

Etymology: From δόξα (doxa, 'glory, opinion') and the suffix -άζω (-azo), forming verbs of action. The verb means 'to glorify' or 'to honor'.

G1727

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: eh-NAN-tee-on

Translations: opposite, contrary, hostile, in the presence of, before, against, an opposite thing

Notes: This word can function as an adjective, an adverb, or a preposition. As an adjective, it describes something as being opposite or contrary. As an adverb, it means 'opposite' or 'over against'. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case and means 'in the presence of', 'before', or 'against'. It denotes a position or action in opposition to or in front of something or someone.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΝ (in) and ἈΝΤΙΟΣ (opposite, facing).

G1997

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-soon-AY-gon-toh

Translations: they were gathered together, they were assembling, they were collecting

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the prefixes 'epi-' (upon, besides) and 'syn-' (with, together) attached to the verb 'agō' (to lead, bring). The word describes an action where people or things are being gathered or assembled together, often implying a large group or a specific purpose for the gathering. It is used here in the imperfect tense, indicating a continuous or repeated action in the past, and in the middle/passive voice, meaning the subjects were gathering themselves or were being gathered.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩ, ΑΘΡΟΙΖΩ

G2165

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: yoo-FEE-moo-n-tes

Translations: praising, speaking well of, applauding, shouting approval

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'praising' or 'speaking well of'. It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. It is often used to describe people expressing approval, commendation, or adoration, sometimes vocally. It is a compound word formed from 'εὖ' (eu), meaning 'well', and 'φήμη' (phēmē), meaning 'speech' or 'report'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑἸΝΕΩ, ἘΠΑΙΝΕΩ, ΔΟΞΑΖΩ

G5564

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KHEV-rone

Translations: Hebron

Notes: Hebron is a significant ancient city located in the Judean hills, south of Jerusalem. It is mentioned frequently in the Old Testament as a place where Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob lived and were buried. It also served as David's first capital before he moved to Jerusalem. The word refers specifically to this geographical location.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Genitive or Locative

Etymology: The name Hebron is of Hebrew origin, derived from the root HBR, meaning 'to join,' 'to unite,' or 'to be associated.' It is believed to refer to the city's role as a place of alliance or association.

G2507

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-THEI-len

Translations: he cast down, he pulled down, he threw down, he overthrew, he took down, he brought down

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'καθαιρέω' (kathaireō). It means 'he/she/it cast down,' 'pulled down,' 'threw down,' 'overthrew,' 'took down,' or 'brought down.' It describes an action that was completed in the past, often implying a forceful or decisive removal from a higher position or state. For example, it can be used to describe the overthrowing of rulers or the demolition of structures.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΒΑΛΕΝ, ΚΑΤΕΣΤΡΕΨΕΝ, ΑΝΕΤΡΕΨΕΝ

G4540

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: sah-mah-REE-ahn

Translations: Samaria

Notes: This word refers to Samaria, a historical and biblical region in ancient Palestine, located between Judea and Galilee. It was also the name of the capital city of the northern kingdom of Israel. The word is typically used to denote the geographical region or the city itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Samaria' is derived from the Hebrew 'Shomron', which means 'watch-mountain' or 'watch-tower'. It was named after Shemer, who sold the hill to King Omri of Israel.

G1014

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: boo-LOH-meh-noo

Translations: wishing, desiring, intending, purposing, wanting, of one wishing, of one desiring, of one intending, of one purposing, of one wanting

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'boulomai', meaning 'to wish' or 'to desire'. It describes someone who is in the act of wishing, desiring, or intending something. It is often used to indicate the will or purpose of a person or group, and can function similarly to a noun or adjective depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΘΕΛΟΝΤΟΣ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΟΥΝΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the root 'boulē' (counsel, will), which is related to the idea of deliberate choice or purpose. It signifies a desire that comes from a settled purpose or intention, rather than a fleeting wish.

G1831

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-EL-thain

Translations: to go out, to come out, to depart, to exit

Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'exerchomai', meaning 'to go out' or 'to come out'. It is a compound verb formed from 'ek' (out of) and 'erchomai' (to come/go). It describes the action of moving from an inside place to an outside place, or from one state to another. It can be used in contexts like leaving a house, departing from a city, or emerging from a situation.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G1194

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GLOOP-tah

Translations: carved images, idols, graven images

Notes: This word refers to carved or graven images, typically those used for idolatrous worship. It is often used in the plural to denote multiple idols or objects of worship that have been fashioned by human hands.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΙΔΩΛΑ, ΞΟΑΝΑ

Etymology: The word ΓΛΥΠΤΟΝ (glypton) comes from the verb ΓΛΥΦΩ (glypho), meaning 'to carve' or 'to engrave'. It refers to something that has been carved or sculpted.

G4661

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-ky-LEU-sen

Translations: plundered, despoiled, stripped, spoiled

Notes: This word means to strip someone of their possessions, to plunder, or to despoil. It is often used in the context of taking spoils of war or seizing property from others. It describes an action that has been completed in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΡΠΑΖΩ, ΛΑΦΥΡΑΓΩΓΕΩ, ΔΙΑΡΠΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΚΥΛΕΥΩ is derived from the noun σκῦλον (skylon), meaning 'spoil' or 'booty'. It refers to the act of taking spoils.

G1994