2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G2647

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-LYOO-sen

Translations: he destroyed, she destroyed, it destroyed, he overthrew, she overthrew, it overthrew, he lodged, she lodged, it lodged, he abolished, she abolished, it abolished, he dissolved, she dissolved, it dissolved

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb καταλύω (katalyō), which is a compound word formed from κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and λύω (lyō, meaning 'to loose' or 'to release'). It can mean to destroy, overthrow, abolish, or dissolve. In a different context, it can also mean to lodge or take up lodging, especially for the night, implying a 'breaking down' of a journey. Its meaning depends on the context, often referring to bringing something to an end or breaking it apart, or simply stopping for rest.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΛΥΩ

G2474

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KAH-leh-san

Translations: they called, they named, they invited

Notes: This word means 'they called' or 'they named'. It is the third person plural aorist indicative active form of the verb 'kaleō', meaning 'to call' or 'to invite'. It describes an action that happened in the past, completed at a specific point in time. For example, it can be used when a group of people called someone by name or invited them to an event.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ὈΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΩΝΕΩ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G2378

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thy-SEE-aiss

Translations: sacrifices, offerings, by sacrifices, by offerings, with sacrifices, with offerings

Notes: This word refers to an act of offering something, often an animal or other valuable item, to a deity as a form of worship, appeasement, or atonement. It is commonly used in religious contexts to describe the ritualistic giving of gifts to God or gods. In a sentence, it would typically appear as the object of a verb or as part of a prepositional phrase indicating the means or instrument of an action.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΟΡΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ

G2068

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PHA-gen

Translations: ate, did eat, consumed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'ate' or 'did eat'. It is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to eat'. It describes a completed action of eating by a single subject in the past. For example, 'he ate' or 'she ate'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Etymology: The verb ΕΣΘΙΩ (esthiō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to eat'. The aorist stem, from which ἘΦΑΓΕΝ is formed, is related to the root ΦΑΓ- (phag-), which also means 'to eat' and is found in other Greek words related to consumption.

G4352

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-eh-koo-NEE-san

Translations: they worshiped, they bowed down, they prostrated themselves, they did obeisance

Notes: This word describes the act of showing reverence or adoration, typically by prostrating oneself or bowing down. It implies an act of worship or homage, often directed towards God, a deity, or a person of high authority. It is frequently used with the dative case to indicate the object of worship or reverence.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word προσκυνέω is a compound word formed from πρός (pros), meaning 'towards' or 'before', and κυνέω (kyneō), meaning 'to kiss'. The original sense was to kiss the ground when prostrating oneself before a superior, or to kiss the hand of a superior.

G5055

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-teh-LEH-sthee

Translations: it was finished, it was completed, it was accomplished, it was fulfilled

Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'τελέω' (teleō), meaning 'to finish,' 'to complete,' or 'to accomplish.' In this form, it indicates that an action was completed or brought to an end in the past, with the subject being the recipient of the action (i.e., it was finished by someone or something). It is often used to describe the completion of a task, a prophecy, or a period of time.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΕΡΑΙΝΩ

G0907

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: beh-el-feh-GOR

Translations: Baal-Peor, Beelphegor

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Baal-Peor, a Moabite and Midianite deity associated with licentiousness and idolatry. The name is a compound of 'Baal' (lord) and 'Peor' (a mountain in Moab). It is used in the Old Testament to refer to the idol worshipped by the Israelites in the wilderness, leading to divine judgment. It is typically used in contexts describing idolatry or apostasy.

Inflection: Singular, Indeclinable

Etymology: The name is of Hebrew origin, derived from Ba'al (lord) and Pe'or (a mountain in Moab). It refers to the specific manifestation of the god Baal worshipped at Mount Peor.

G2372

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thoo-MOH

Translations: (to) passion, (to) anger, (to) wrath, (to) indignation, (to) rage, (to) fury, (to) spirit, (to) soul

Notes: This word refers to a strong emotion, often negative, such as anger, wrath, or indignation. It can also refer to the seat of emotions, like the spirit or soul. In this dative form, it indicates the recipient or instrument of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'with'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΡΓΗ, ΠΑΘΟΣ, ΖΗΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an assumed root meaning 'to rush, breathe hard'. It originally referred to the soul or spirit as the principle of life, and later came to denote strong feelings or passions.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss

Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir

Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3856

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-deeg-ma-TEE-son

Translations: make an example of, expose to public disgrace, punish publicly

Notes: This word means to make someone an example, often through public punishment or disgrace. It implies a public display of consequences for actions, serving as a warning to others. It is used in the imperative mood, commanding someone to carry out this action.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΙΜΩΡΕΩ, ΚΟΛΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of παρά (para, "beside, by") and δεῖγμα (deigma, "an example, a specimen"), which comes from δείκνυμι (deiknymi, "to show"). Thus, it literally means "to show by example" or "to set forth as an example."

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-OH

Translations: to the Lord, for the Lord, to the master, for the master, to an owner, for an owner

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, meaning 'Lord,' 'master,' or 'owner.' In the dative case, it typically indicates the indirect object of an action, the recipient, or the beneficiary. It is commonly used in religious contexts to refer to God or Jesus Christ, but can also refer to a human master or owner. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'to give thanks to the Lord' or 'to serve the master.'

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

G0001

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: Ah-peh-NAN-tee

Translations: opposite, in front of, before, against

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate a position directly facing or opposite to something or someone. It can also mean 'in the presence of' or 'before' a person or thing. It is often used with the genitive case to specify what it is opposite to.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπ- (ap-, 'from') and ἔναντι (enanti, 'opposite'). It literally means 'from opposite' or 'from in front of'.

G3709

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: or-GAY

Translations: wrath, anger, indignation, a wrath, an anger

Notes: This word refers to a strong, often violent, emotion of displeasure or indignation. It can describe human anger, but is frequently used in a theological context to refer to God's righteous wrath against sin. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΣ, ΧΟΛΗ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *werg- meaning 'to work, to do'. The word originally referred to an 'impulse' or 'disposition', which then developed into the meaning of 'anger' or 'wrath' as an internal working or agitation.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-OO

Translations: of Lord, of the Lord, of God, of the Master

Notes: This word refers to a lord, master, or owner. In religious contexts, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, it is frequently used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, often as a title of reverence and authority. It can be used in sentences like 'the house of the Lord' or 'the word of the Lord'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (kyrios) derives from the root κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'power, authority'. It originally referred to someone who possessed authority or control, such as a master or owner, and later evolved to be used as a title for deities or rulers.

G3615

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: oy-KAY-on

Translations: one's own, proper, fitting, suitable, domestic, familiar, a proper thing, one's own thing

Notes: This word is an adjective that describes something as belonging to one's household, family, or self. It can also mean something that is proper, fitting, or suitable for a particular situation or person. It is often used to indicate a close relationship or inherent quality.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΙΔΙΟΣ, ΕΜΟΣ, ΣΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΕΙΟΣ (from which ΟἸΚΕΙΟΝ is derived) comes from ΟΙΚΟΣ (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'household'. It refers to that which pertains to or belongs to a house or family.

G5055

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: teh-teh-LES-meh-non

Translations: finished, completed, perfected, accomplished, paid, fulfilled, a finished one, a completed one

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'τελέω', meaning 'to finish', 'to complete', or 'to accomplish'. As a participle, it describes something that has been brought to an end or perfected. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun that is 'finished' or 'completed', or substantively, referring to 'that which has been finished'. It implies a state of completion or perfection resulting from a past action.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΛΗΡΩΜΕΝΟΝ, ΓΕΓΟΝΕΝ

Etymology: The verb 'τελέω' comes from 'τέλος' (telos), meaning 'end', 'goal', or 'completion'. It signifies bringing something to its intended end or purpose.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AN-throh-poss

Translations: man, a man, human being, a human being, person, a person

Notes: This word refers to a human being, encompassing both male and female individuals. It is used broadly to denote mankind in general, or a specific person, often in contrast to God or animals. It can be used in various contexts to refer to any member of the human race.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΗΡ, ΒΡΟΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνθρώπος (anthrōpos), its origin is uncertain but possibly related to ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'eye, face'), or from a pre-Greek substrate.

G2064

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: el-THOHN

Translations: having come, when he came, after coming, coming

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed before the main verb's action. It often functions adverbially, indicating the time or circumstance of the main action, such as 'when he came' or 'after he had come'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΗΚΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G4314

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ay-GAH-gen

Translations: brought to, led to, presented, offered, brought near, led near

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros, meaning 'to' or 'towards') and the verb ΑΓΩ (ago, meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'). In its aorist active indicative third person singular form, it means 'he/she/it brought to' or 'he/she/it led to'. It describes the action of bringing someone or something into the presence of another, or moving something closer to a specific point.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΠΑΡΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G80

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FON

Translations: brother, a brother, fellowman, countryman, kinsman

Notes: This word refers to a brother by birth, but it can also be used more broadly to refer to a fellow countryman, a kinsman, or a spiritual brother (such as a fellow believer in a religious community). It is often used in the New Testament to address members of the Christian community. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition when in the accusative case.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΟΜΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΔΕΛΦΟΣ is a compound word derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G1727

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: eh-NAN-tee-on

Translations: opposite, contrary, hostile, in the presence of, before, against, an opposite thing

Notes: This word can function as an adjective, an adverb, or a preposition. As an adjective, it describes something as being opposite or contrary. As an adverb, it means 'opposite' or 'over against'. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case and means 'in the presence of', 'before', or 'against'. It denotes a position or action in opposition to or in front of something or someone.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΝ (in) and ἈΝΤΙΟΣ (opposite, facing).

G1727

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: eh-NAN-tee

Translations: opposite, in front of, before, against, contrary to

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'opposite' or 'in front', or as a preposition meaning 'before', 'against', or 'contrary to'. It is often used with the genitive case to indicate opposition or presence before something. It can also be part of a phrase like 'ἐξ ἐναντίας' meaning 'from the opposite side' or 'opposite'.

Inflection: Adverbial form, often used with the genitive case. It is derived from the adjective 'ἐναντίος' (enantios).

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'ἐναντίος' (enantios) is derived from 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in', and 'ἀντίος' (antios), meaning 'set against' or 'opposite'. It describes something that is in opposition or directly facing something else.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G3149

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mar-ty-REE-oo

Translations: of testimony, of witness, of witness-bearing, of evidence, of a testimony

Notes: This word refers to a testimony, witness, or evidence. It is often used in a legal or religious context to denote a declaration of truth or a statement given as proof. In the provided examples, it refers to the 'tabernacle of testimony' or 'house of testimony', indicating a place where God's presence and commands were manifested as a witness to His people.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HUI-os

Translations: son, a son

Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.

G3319

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: MEH-soo

Translations: middle, midst, among, between, in the middle, in the midst, (of) the middle, (of) the midst

Notes: This word refers to the middle or midst of something. As an adjective, it describes something as being in the middle. When used as a noun, often in the genitive case (like ΜΕΣΟΥ), it functions adverbially to indicate being in the midst of or among something or someone, frequently appearing with prepositions like διά (through) or ἐν (in).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΝ, ΜΕΣΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *medʰyo- (middle). It is cognate with Latin medius and English mid.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: lah-BOHN

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the means or circumstance by which another action takes place. For example, 'having taken the book, he read it' or 'receiving the gift, she smiled.'

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΛΗΦΩΣ

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sy-roh-mas-TEEN

Translations: a whip, a scourge

Notes: This word refers to a whip or a scourge, an instrument used for flogging or punishment. It is a compound word, likely derived from 'σειρά' (seira), meaning 'cord' or 'rope', and 'μαστός' (mastos), which can refer to a breast or, in some contexts, a whip or lash. Thus, it describes a whip made of cords or ropes. It is used in the accusative case in the provided example, indicating it is the direct object of an action.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΣΤΙΞ, ΦΡΑΓΕΛΛΙΟΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound of two Greek terms: 'σειρά' (seira), meaning 'cord, rope, chain', and 'μαστός' (mastos), which can mean 'breast' but also 'whip' or 'lash' in certain contexts. The combination describes a whip made of cords.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-EEL-then

Translations: entered, went in, came in, came into, went into

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to enter' or 'to go/come in'. It describes the action of moving from an outside location to an inside one. It is often used to indicate arrival or penetration into a place or state.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΣΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΙΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word εἰσέρχομαι (eiserchomai) is a compound verb formed from the preposition εἰς (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

G3694

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: O-PI-so

Translations: behind, after, back, backward, afterwards

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'behind' or 'backwards', indicating direction or position. It can also be used as a preposition, typically with the genitive case, to mean 'behind' or 'after' in terms of place or time. For example, it can refer to following someone or something, or to events that occur later.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΙΣΘΕΝ, ΚΑΤΟΠΙΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Greek root *ὀπίς (opis), meaning 'back' or 'behind'.

G2475

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: is-rah-ay-LEE-too

Translations: of an Israelite, an Israelite

Notes: This word refers to a descendant of Israel (Jacob), a member of the nation of Israel. It is used to identify someone belonging to the Israelite people or nation.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΣ, ΙΟΥΔΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἸΣΡΑΗΛΕΙΤΗΣ (Israelites) is derived from the proper noun ἸΣΡΑΗΛ (Israel), which refers to Jacob, the patriarch from whom the nation descended. The suffix -ειτης indicates a person belonging to or descended from.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-non-toh

Translations: they became, they were, they came to be, they happened, they arose

Notes: This word is a past tense form of the verb 'to become' or 'to be'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, indicating a change of state, an event happening, or the coming into existence of something. It is often used to describe what happened or what came about.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΕΝΝΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey similar concepts of becoming or originating.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G2664

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-PAH-oo-sen

Translations: he rested, he ceased, he stopped, he caused to cease, he brought to an end

Notes: This word describes an action of resting, ceasing, or causing something to stop. It can refer to someone coming to a rest, or to someone bringing an activity or a state to an end. It is a compound verb formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'παύω' (to stop, to cease).

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΥΩ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΗΓΩ

Etymology: The word καταπαύω (katapauō) is a compound verb derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb παύω (pauō), meaning 'to stop' or 'to cease'. The combination implies a complete or definitive cessation.

G2206

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: zay-LOH-sah-ee

Translations: to be zealous, to envy, to desire earnestly, to strive for, to covet

Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ΖΗΛΟΩ. It means to be zealous, to have a strong desire or passion for something, or to be envious. It can be used to express a positive zeal for good things or a negative envy towards others. In a sentence, it functions as a verbal noun, often indicating purpose or result, similar to 'to be zealous' or 'to strive'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΘΥΜΕΩ, ΟΡΕΓΟΜΑΙ, ΦΘΟΝΕΩ

G2205

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ZAY-lon

Translations: zeal, a zeal, jealousy, a jealousy, envy, an envy, fervent mind, a fervent mind

Notes: This word refers to intense passion, eagerness, or rivalry. It can be used in both positive and negative senses. Positively, it denotes fervent devotion or enthusiasm, often for a good cause. Negatively, it can signify jealousy, envy, or contentious rivalry. Its meaning depends heavily on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΡΙΣ, ΦΘΟΝΟΣ, ΑΓΩΝ

Etymology: From the verb ζέω (zeō), meaning 'to boil' or 'to be hot'. The word thus conveys the idea of a 'boiling over' or 'fermenting' of emotions, leading to intense passion or rivalry.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G1829

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-an-EE-loh-sa

Translations: I consumed, I destroyed, I spent, I wasted, I used up, I squandered

Notes: This word means to consume completely, to destroy, or to use up entirely. It can also imply spending or wasting resources. It is typically used in a context where something is brought to an end or rendered useless through consumption or destruction.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΛΙΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΑΛΙΣΚΩ, ΔΑΠΑΝΑΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and ἀναλίσκω (analiskō), meaning 'to consume' or 'to spend'.

G2206

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ZAY-loh

Translations: to be zealous, to desire earnestly, to be jealous, to envy, to covet

Notes: This verb means to be zealous, to have a strong desire for something, or to be eagerly devoted. It can also carry a negative connotation, meaning to be jealous of someone or something, or to envy. Its meaning depends on the context, ranging from positive zeal for good things to negative envy or jealousy.

Inflection: Present Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular; or Present Active Imperative, 2nd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΠΟΘΕΩ, ΦΘΟΝΕΩ

Etymology: From ζῆλος (zēlos), meaning 'zeal, rivalry, jealousy'.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-pon

Translations: I said, I spoke, he said, he spoke, they said, they spoke, to say, to speak

Notes: ΕἸΠΟΝ is an aorist form of the verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is often used as the aorist tense of the verb λέγω (legō). It describes an action that occurred in the past, without specifying its duration or completion. It can be translated as 'I said', 'he said', or 'they said' depending on the context and the implied subject, as the form itself is ambiguous regarding person and number (it can be 1st singular, 3rd singular, or 3rd plural). It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

G1473

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DIH-doh-mee

Translations: give, grant, put, deliver, allow, entrust, offer, provide

Notes: This verb means 'to give' or 'to grant'. It can be used in various contexts, such as giving a gift, granting permission, delivering something, or entrusting a task to someone. It often implies a transfer of possession, authority, or responsibility.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΔΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present form, common in ancient Greek verbs.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G1242

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ah-THEH-kane

Translations: covenant, a covenant, testament, a testament, will, a will, disposition, an arrangement

Notes: This word refers to a covenant, agreement, or testament, often implying a formal arrangement or disposition made by one party, which may or may not be reciprocated. In a religious context, it frequently refers to God's covenant with humanity. It can also refer to a last will and testament.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ, ΟΡΚΟΣ, ΔΙΑΤΑΓΜΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb τίθημι (tithemi), meaning 'to place' or 'to set'. It originally referred to an arrangement or disposition, and later came to mean a covenant or testament.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1242

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ah-THEH-kee

Translations: covenant, a covenant, testament, a testament, agreement, a will

Notes: This word refers to a solemn agreement or compact, especially one made between God and humans. It can also refer to a last will and testament. In a religious context, it often signifies God's established relationship with His people, as seen in the Old and New Covenants. It is a compound word, formed from 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'between', and 'τίθημι' (tithemi), meaning 'to place' or 'to set'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ, ΟΡΚΟΣ, ΒΟΥΛΗ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ is derived from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'between', and the verb τίθημι (tithemi), meaning 'to place' or 'to set'. It originally referred to a disposition or arrangement, particularly a legal one, and evolved to mean a will or a covenant.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AN-throh-poss (for the full word)

Translations: man, a man, human, a human, person, a person, mankind, humanity

Notes: This word appears to be a truncated or abbreviated form of the Koine Greek word ἈΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ (anthrōpos), meaning 'man,' 'human,' or 'person.' It is not a complete word in itself and would typically be seen as a misspelling or an intentional abbreviation in certain contexts, such as ancient manuscripts where space was limited. It refers to a human being, male or female, and can also refer to humanity in general.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular or Plural (truncated form)

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ

G1849

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-ee-LA-sah-toh

Translations: he atoned, he made propitiation, he appeased, he reconciled

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist middle indicative form of the verb ἐξιλάσκομαι (exilaskomai). It means to atone for, to make propitiation, or to appease. It describes an action of making amends or satisfying a divine requirement, often to avert wrath or gain favor. It is used to describe someone performing an act of reconciliation or expiation.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ΙΛΑΣΚΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: pep-LAY-go-tos

Translations: of one having struck, of one having been struck, of one smitten, of one wounded, of one afflicted

Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the perfect active participle of the verb 'πλήσσω' (plēssō), meaning 'to strike' or 'to smite'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that has performed the action of striking, or, in some contexts, has been struck or afflicted. It can also function as a noun, referring to 'the one who has struck' or 'the one who has been struck'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΤΥΠΤΟΝΤΟΣ, ΠΑΤΑΞΑΝΤΟΣ

Etymology: The verb 'πλήσσω' (plēssō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to strike' or 'to hit'. It is related to other Greek words involving striking or impact.

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-LAY-gay

Translations: was struck, was smitten, was wounded, was afflicted

Notes: This word describes the action of being struck, smitten, or wounded, often implying a forceful impact or a severe affliction. It is used to indicate that someone or something received a blow, either physically or metaphorically, leading to injury or distress. It can also refer to being afflicted by a disease or a divine judgment.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΤΥΠΤΩ, ΠΑΤΑΣΣΩ, ΤΙΤΡΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂g- ('to strike, to hit'). In Koine Greek, it refers to the act of striking or being struck.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G0758

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AR-khone

Translations: ruler, a ruler, prince, chief, magistrate, official, leader

Notes: This word refers to a person in a position of authority or leadership. It can denote a ruler, a prince, a chief, or any high-ranking official or magistrate. It is used to describe someone who holds power or has a prominent role in a community or government.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἄρχω (archō), meaning 'to rule, to begin'. It refers to one who is first or who leads.

G3624

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OY-koo

Translations: of a house, of a home, of a household, of a temple, of a family, of a dwelling, of a building

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'οἶκος' (oikos), meaning 'house', 'home', 'household', 'family', or 'temple'. It indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. For example, 'τοῦ οἴκου' would mean 'of the house'. It can refer to a physical dwelling, a family unit, or even a spiritual dwelling like a temple.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'οἶκος' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'dwelling' or 'house'. It is related to words for 'house' in other Indo-European languages.

G3965

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-tree-AS

Translations: of a family, of a lineage, of a clan, of a tribe, of a nation, family, lineage, clan, tribe, nation

Notes: This word refers to a family, lineage, clan, or tribe, emphasizing a group of people descended from a common ancestor. It can also extend to mean a nation or people group. In the provided examples, it is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, such as 'of their family' or 'of our lineage'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ, ΔΗΜΟΣ

Etymology: From G3962 (ΠΑΤΗΡ), meaning 'father'. It refers to a group descended from a common father or ancestor.

G3092

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: mah-dee-ah-NEE-tee-dee

Translations: to a Midianite woman, to the Midianite woman

Notes: This word is a proper noun, specifically a feminine adjective or noun, referring to a woman from Midian. Midian was an ancient region in the Arabian Peninsula, and its people, the Midianites, are mentioned frequently in the Old Testament. This form indicates the dative case, meaning it would be used to show the recipient of an action or the indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: pep-LAY-goo-ee-ah

Translations: struck, smitten, wounded, a wounded one, a smitten one

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, feminine, singular, nominative. It describes someone or something that has been struck, smitten, or wounded. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, indicating a completed action with a continuing result. For example, it could describe a 'wounded woman' or 'the one who has been struck'.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Singular, Feminine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΤΕΤΡΩΜΕΝΗ, ΤΥΠΕΙΣΑ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KHAS-bay

Translations: Cozbi

Notes: This is a proper noun, the name of a Midianite woman mentioned in the Old Testament (Numbers 25:15, 18). It is likely a transliteration of a Hebrew name into Greek, rather than a word with a distinct Greek meaning or etymology. As a proper noun, it functions as a specific identifier for a person.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: This word is a transliteration of the Hebrew name כָּזְבִּי (Kozbi), meaning 'my lie' or 'deceitful'. It is not a native Greek word but adopted from the Hebrew scriptures.

G2364

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thoo-GAH-teer

Translations: daughter, a daughter

Notes: This word refers to a female offspring, a daughter. It is a common noun used to denote a familial relationship. It can be used in various contexts to refer to someone's child who is female, or metaphorically to refer to a female descendant or inhabitant of a place.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΡΗ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΘΥΓΑΤΗΡ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰugʰ₂tḗr, meaning 'daughter'. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages.

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-noos

Translations: of a nation, of the nation, of a people, of the people, of a Gentile, of the Gentile, of a heathen, of the heathen

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people, or a race, often used in the context of non-Israelite peoples or Gentiles. It can also refer to a group of people united by common descent, language, or culture. In the New Testament, it frequently distinguishes between Jews and non-Jews (Gentiles).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ, ΓΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'), suggesting a group united by common customs.

G2189

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ekh-THRAI-ne-teh

Translations: be hostile, show enmity, hate, become an enemy

Notes: This word means to be an enemy, to show hostility, or to hate. It describes the act of being in a state of enmity or expressing hatred towards someone or something. It is often used with a dative object, indicating the person or group towards whom the hostility is directed.

Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΜΙΣΕΩ, ἈΠΕΧΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἘΧΘΡΑΙΝΩ is derived from the noun ἔχθρα (echthra), meaning 'enmity' or 'hatred', which itself comes from ἔχθος (echthos), 'hatred', and ἔχθρός (echthros), 'hated, hostile, enemy'.

G3960

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-TA-ksa-teh

Translations: strike, smite, beat, hit, wound, slay

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to strike, smite, or beat. It is often used in the context of physical blows, but can also imply a more general sense of impact or affliction. It is used as a command, instructing multiple people to perform the action.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΤΥΠΤΩ, ΠΛΗΓΩ, ΚΟΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word πατάσσω (patassō) is of uncertain origin, possibly onomatopoeic or related to a root meaning 'to beat' or 'to strike'.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-sah

Translations: as many as, all that, whatever, how many, all things whatsoever, whatever things

Notes: This word is the neuter plural form of the relative pronoun/adjective ὅσος (hosos). It means 'as many as' or 'all that/which' and is used to introduce a relative clause, referring to an indefinite quantity or number of things. It can function as both a pronoun (e.g., 'whatever things') or an adjective (e.g., 'as many things as'). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: PANTA, HAPAS

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode, 'this') and the interrogative pronoun τίς (tis, 'who? what?').

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FEN

Translations: sister, a sister

Notes: This word refers to a female sibling. It is a compound word formed from the prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'together' or 'same') and 'δελφύς' (delphys, meaning 'womb'), literally meaning 'from the same womb'. It is used to denote a biological sister, or metaphorically, a fellow believer or a close female companion.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word ἀδελφή (adelphē) is derived from ἀδελφός (adelphos), which is a compound of the copulative prefix ἀ- (a-, 'together' or 'same') and δελφύς (delphys, 'womb'). Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.