2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KLEE-tos

Translations: called, invited, chosen, appointed

Notes: This word describes someone or something that has been summoned, invited, or designated for a particular purpose. It is often used in a religious context to refer to those who have been called by God for a specific role or salvation. It can be used to describe people, events, or even days that are set apart.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΚΕΚΛΗΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. It refers to someone who has been called or invited.

G0652

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-po-STO-los

Translations: apostle, a messenger, an envoy, a delegate, a missionary

Notes: This word refers to a person who is sent out on a mission or as a delegate. In a religious context, it most commonly refers to one of the twelve disciples chosen by Jesus, or to other early Christian leaders who were commissioned to spread the Gospel. It is a compound word, formed from 'APO' (meaning 'from' or 'away from') and 'STELLO' (meaning 'to send'). Thus, it literally means 'one sent forth'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΞ, ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΣΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word 'apostolos' derives from the Greek verb 'apostello', meaning 'to send forth' or 'to dispatch'. It was used in classical Greek to refer to a naval expedition or a commander of such an expedition, and later came to mean a messenger or delegate.

G0846, G0832

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adverb, Interjection

Sounds like: OW

Translations: he, she, it, himself, herself, itself, them, they, again, furthermore, on the other hand, indeed, alas, oh

Notes: This word, 'AY', without diacritics, can represent several distinct Koine Greek words. Most commonly, it is an inflection of the third-person pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos), meaning 'he, she, it, or them', often used for emphasis or to refer back to a previously mentioned subject. It can also function as an adverb 'αὖ' (au), meaning 'again, furthermore, or on the other hand', indicating repetition or a shift in topic. Less frequently, it can be an interjection 'αὐ' (au), expressing surprise or lament, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. The context of the surrounding words is crucial for determining the correct meaning.

Inflection: This form 'AY' is ambiguous without diacritics. It could represent various inflections of the pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos) such as Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, in Singular or Plural, and across Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter genders. For example, it could be part of 'αὐτή' (aute, Nominative Feminine Singular), 'αὐτοῦ' (autou, Genitive Masculine/Neuter Singular), 'αὐτῇ' (aute, Dative Feminine Singular), or 'αὐτό' (auto, Nominative/Accusative Neuter Singular). It can also be the uninflected adverb 'αὖ' or the interjection 'αὐ'.

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos) is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. The adverb 'αὖ' (au) also has ancient origins, possibly related to a root signifying 'back' or 'again'. The interjection 'αὐ' (au) is likely onomatopoeic.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: theh-OO

Translations: of God, of a God

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for the word ΘΕΟΥ (Theou), meaning 'of God'. It is used to refer to the divine being, God, in the genitive case. In ancient Greek texts, nomina sacra were common contractions for frequently used sacred names and titles, indicating reverence and saving space. This form would typically be used in phrases like 'the house of God' or 'the power of God'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do, to place, to set', or possibly 'to shine'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for a deity or god.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-DEL-fos

Translations: brother, a brother, fellow believer, countryman, kinsman

Notes: This word refers primarily to a male sibling, a brother. However, in a broader sense, it can also denote a fellow human being, a countryman, a kinsman, or, especially in a religious context, a fellow believer or disciple. It is commonly used to address or refer to members of a community or group who share a common bond.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΤΗΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΚΝΟΣ

Etymology: From the prefix 'α-' (a-) meaning 'together' and 'δελφύς' (delphys) meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb', referring to siblings.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1577

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ek-klee-SEE-ah

Translations: assembly, congregation, church, an assembly, a congregation, a church

Notes: This word refers to an assembly of citizens summoned for a specific purpose, often for public deliberation or religious gathering. In the New Testament, it primarily denotes the Christian community, either a local congregation or the universal body of believers. It is a compound word derived from 'ek' (out of) and 'kaleo' (to call), literally meaning 'a calling out' or 'those called out'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΗ, ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ is derived from the Greek preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ΚΑΛΕΩ (kaleo), meaning 'to call'. It originally referred to a formal assembly of citizens in ancient Greek city-states, summoned by a herald.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OO-see

Translations: being, existing, (to) being, (to) existing

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). Specifically, it is the present participle, indicating a continuous state of 'being' or 'existing'. It functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is in the process of being or existing. As a dative case, it often indicates the recipient or indirect object of an action, or the means by which something occurs, translating to 'to being' or 'for being'.

Inflection: Present, Participle, Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΗ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΗ

Etymology: The root verb 'εἰμί' (eimi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G2882

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: koh-RIN-thoh

Translations: to Corinth, in Corinth

Notes: This is the dative singular form of the proper noun 'Corinth'. Corinth was a prominent ancient city in Greece, known for its strategic location and commercial importance. It is frequently mentioned in the New Testament, particularly in connection with the Apostle Paul's missionary journeys and his epistles to the Corinthians.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Corinth' is of pre-Greek, Pelasgian origin, meaning it predates the arrival of the Greek language in the region. It is believed to be derived from an ancient, non-Indo-European language spoken by the earliest inhabitants of the area.

G0037

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hee-gee-as-MEH-noys

Translations: sanctified, holy, consecrated, set apart

Notes: This word describes something or someone that has been made holy, consecrated, or set apart for a sacred purpose. It is often used in a religious context to refer to individuals or objects dedicated to God.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Perfect Participle, Passive

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΙ, ΚΕΚΑΘΑΡΜΕΝΟΙ, ΑΦΩΡΙΣΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: From ἅγιος (hagios, "holy"), which is of uncertain origin, possibly related to ἅζω (hazō, "to stand in awe of").

G0040

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: AH-gee-oys

Translations: (to) holy, (to) holy ones, (to) saints

Notes: This word describes something or someone as holy, sacred, or set apart for God. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its sacred quality. When used as a noun, it refers to 'holy ones' or 'saints'. In the provided examples, it functions as a noun in the dative plural, indicating a group of 'holy ones' or 'saints' to or among whom an action is directed or a state exists.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G1941

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: eh-pee-kah-loo-MEH-noyce

Translations: calling upon, appealing to, invoking, naming, surnaming

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epikaleo', meaning 'to call upon' or 'to appeal to'. It describes an action of invoking or naming someone or something, often in a religious or legal context. It can refer to calling upon a deity, appealing to an authority, or having a name or title given to someone. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to describe an ongoing action.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Participle, Dative Case, Masculine or Neuter Gender, Plural Number

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority, title

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or authority, as a name often represents the essence of a person or entity. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ, ΔΟΞΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'name'. It is cognate with Latin 'nomen' and English 'name'.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G5485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-rees

Translations: grace, a grace, favor, a favor, kindness, a kindness, thanks, gratitude, charm, a charm, delight, a delight

Notes: This word is a feminine noun that generally refers to grace, favor, or kindness. It can also mean thanks or gratitude, especially in expressions like 'to give thanks'. In some contexts, it can refer to charm or delight. It is often used to describe divine favor or unmerited divine assistance given to humans.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ, ΕΛΕΟΣ, ΔΩΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- ('to desire, to like'). In ancient Greek, it developed to mean 'that which delights' or 'favor'.

G1515

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: i-RAY-nay

Translations: peace, a peace, tranquility, harmony, rest, prosperity

Notes: This word refers to a state of peace, tranquility, or harmony. It can denote the absence of conflict, a sense of well-being, or even prosperity. It is often used in greetings or farewells, wishing someone well, and can refer to both internal peace and external societal peace.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΑΛΗΝΗ, ΗΣΥΧΙΑ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΙΡΗΝΗ is of uncertain origin, possibly derived from a verb meaning 'to join' or 'to bind together', suggesting a state of unity or agreement.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G2168

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-khah-ris-TOH

Translations: I thank, I give thanks, I am thankful

Notes: This verb means 'to thank' or 'to give thanks'. It expresses gratitude or appreciation. It is commonly used to acknowledge a favor, a gift, or an act of kindness. In Koine Greek, it is often followed by a dative case to indicate the person being thanked, or by 'peri' or 'hyper' with the genitive to indicate the reason for thanks.

Inflection: First person singular, present indicative, active voice

Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΕΩ, ΑΙΝΕΩ

Etymology: From the Greek words 'eu' (good, well) and 'charis' (grace, favor, thanks). Thus, it literally means 'to show good grace' or 'to give good thanks'.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Particle

Sounds like: EP-see-lon (as a letter name), eh (as a sound)

Translations: E, 5, if, then, indeed

Notes: This is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, epsilon. It can represent the number 5. As a standalone word, 'Ε' is not typically found in Koine Greek texts. It is highly probable that 'Ε' in the provided context is a typographical error or an abbreviation for a word like 'εἰ' (if) or 'ἐν' (in). If it were 'εἰ', it would function as a conditional particle meaning 'if'. If it were 'ἐν', it would be a preposition meaning 'in' or 'among'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or numeral). As a particle, it does not inflect.

Etymology: The letter Epsilon (Ε) is derived from the Phoenician letter He. Its name 'epsilon' means 'simple E' to distinguish it from the diphthong 'αι' (ai), which had come to be pronounced the same way.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G4148

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-loo-TIS-thee-teh

Translations: you were enriched, you became rich, be enriched, be made rich

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be enriched' or 'to become rich'. It describes the state of acquiring wealth or being made wealthy. It is often used in a spiritual sense in the New Testament, referring to being enriched by God's grace or spiritual blessings, rather than just material wealth. It can be used in a command form (imperative) or as a statement of fact (indicative).

Inflection: Second Person Plural, Aorist, Passive, Indicative or Imperative

Synonyms: ΠΛΟΥΤΕΩ, ΠΛΟΥΤΟΣ

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LO-go

Translations: (to) word, (to) reason, (to) account, (to) saying, (to) message, (to) speech, (to) matter, (to) thing, by word, by reason, by account, by saying, by message, by speech, by matter, by thing

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' (logos). 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' is a fundamental term in Greek, meaning 'word,' 'reason,' 'account,' 'speech,' or 'message.' In its dative form 'ΛΟΓΩ,' it often indicates the indirect object of an action, the means or instrument by which something is done, or the cause or reason for something. It can be translated with prepositions like 'to,' 'for,' 'by,' or 'with,' depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAH-see

Translations: (to) all, (to) every, (to) whole, (to) any, (of) all, (of) every, (of) whole, (of) any

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all,' 'every,' 'whole,' or 'any.' It is used to describe a quantity or entirety. For example, it can be used with a noun to mean 'all the people' or 'every house.' In the provided examples, 'ΠΑΣΗ ΧΩΡΑ' means 'in every land' or 'in all the land,' indicating its use to modify a feminine singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter; or Plural, Accusative, Neuter; or Plural, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'all' or 'every.'

G2531

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: KAH-thohss

Translations: just as, even as, according as, as, exactly as, in proportion as, like, according to, inasmuch as

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, meaning 'as' or 'how'). It functions as an adverb or conjunction, primarily used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done or happens in the same way as something else. It can also express correspondence or proportion, meaning 'inasmuch as' or 'to the extent that'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how').

G3142

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mar-too-REE-on

Translations: testimony, a testimony, witness, a witness, evidence, a proof

Notes: This word refers to a testimony, witness, or evidence. It is used to describe something that provides proof or confirmation of a fact or event. It can refer to the act of bearing witness or the content of what is testified.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ

Etymology: From G3144 (μάρτυς, 'martys'), meaning 'witness'. It refers to that which is borne witness to, or the content of a witness's testimony.

G5620

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: HOH-steh

Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G5302

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoos-teh-REES-thai

Translations: to be lacking, to be in need, to be deficient, to fall short, to suffer want, to be behind, to be inferior

Notes: This word is the present passive infinitive form of the verb 'hustereo'. It describes the state of being in want, lacking something, or falling short of a standard or expectation. It can also imply being inferior or coming behind others. It is often used to express a deficiency or a state of need.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΤΤΟΩ, ΛΕΙΠΩ, ΠΤΩΧΕΥΩ

Etymology: From the Greek adjective ὕστερος (husteros), meaning 'later, last, inferior'. The verb form implies being 'behind' or 'lacking'.

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: may-DEH-nee

Translations: to no one, to nothing, for no one, for nothing, by no one, by nothing, with no one, with nothing, in no one, in nothing

Notes: This word is an indefinite negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something or someone. It is often used in prohibitions or to state that something is not done by anyone or to anything. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, and as an adjective, it modifies a noun. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (mē, 'not') and ΕΙΣ (heis, 'one').

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥΔΕΝΙ

G0553

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: ah-pek-DEKH-oh-meh-noos

Translations: waiting for, expecting, looking for, those waiting for, those expecting

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, indicating an ongoing action of waiting or expecting. It describes someone who is eagerly and patiently awaiting something or someone. In this form, it is accusative plural, referring to 'those who are waiting' or 'those who are expecting'. It implies a sense of anticipation and readiness.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΩΝΤΑΣ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G0950

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: beh-bah-ee-OH-see

Translations: will confirm, will establish, will make firm, will make sure, will guarantee

Notes: This word means to make something firm, secure, or certain. It is used to describe the act of confirming, establishing, or guaranteeing something, often in a legal or spiritual context. For example, it can refer to God confirming His promises or establishing believers in their faith.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΤΗΡΙΖΩ, ΚΥΡΟΩ, ΠΙΣΤΟΩ

Etymology: From the adjective βέβαιος (bebaios), meaning 'firm, steadfast, secure', which is derived from the root of βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go, to stand'. The verb βεβαιόω means to make firm or establish.

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G5056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEH-loos

Translations: of an end, of a goal, of a completion, of a purpose, of a result, of a tax, of a custom, of a toll

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the neuter noun 'telos'. It refers to an end, a goal, a completion, a purpose, or a result. In some contexts, it can also refer to a tax, custom, or toll. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions or verbs.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΕΚΒΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- 'to lift, support, weigh'. The word evolved to mean a 'standing place', then 'boundary', and finally 'end' or 'goal'.

G0423

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: an-ENG-klee-toos

Translations: blameless, irreproachable, without reproach, unaccused

Notes: This word describes someone who is free from accusation or blame, indicating a character that is beyond reproach. It is a compound word formed from 'αν-' (a-privative, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'εγκλητος' (accused, impeachable). It is used to describe individuals who are morally upright and cannot be justly charged with wrongdoing.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΜΩΜΟΣ, ΑΜΕΜΠΤΟΣ

G4103

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: PIS-tos

Translations: faithful, trustworthy, believing, true, a faithful one

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is reliable, dependable, and worthy of trust. It can refer to a person who is faithful in their commitments or beliefs, or to God who is true to His promises. When used as a noun, it refers to a 'faithful one' or 'believer'. It is often used to describe someone who has faith or is a follower of a particular belief.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ, ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ

Etymology: From the verb 'πείθω' (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to trust'. It relates to the concept of being persuaded or having trust, thus leading to the meaning of being trustworthy or faithful.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FOY

Translations: brothers, fellow believers, countrymen, kinsmen

Notes: This word refers to brothers, either by blood or in a broader sense, such as fellow countrymen, kinsmen, or members of the same community or faith. It is a compound word formed from 'α-' (a-, meaning 'together' or 'same') and 'δελφύς' (delphys, meaning 'womb'), literally meaning 'from the same womb'. It is commonly used to address a group of male individuals who share a close bond or common origin.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΙ, ΣΥΓΓΕΝΕΙΣ, ΟΜΟΦΥΛΟΙ

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OW-toh

Translations: him, it, himself, itself, the same, this, that, of him, of it, to him, to it

Notes: ΑΥΤΟ is an inflected form of the third-person pronoun or demonstrative adjective ΑΥΤΟΣ. As a pronoun, it refers to 'him', 'her', or 'it', depending on gender and number. As an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or 'this/that very one'. It can also be used intensively to emphasize the subject, meaning 'himself' or 'itself'. Its meaning often depends on its position in the sentence relative to the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G4978

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SKHIS-ma-ta

Translations: divisions, schisms, rents, tears

Notes: This word refers to a division, a split, or a tear. It can be used literally to describe a physical tear in fabric or a crack in the ground. Metaphorically, it is often used to describe a division or dissension within a group, such as a church or community, indicating a separation of opinion or allegiance.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΙΧΟΣΤΑΣΙΑΙ, ΕΡΙΔΕΣ, ΣΤΑΣΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΧΙΣΜΑ (schisma) comes from the Greek verb σχίζω (schizō), meaning 'to split' or 'to cleave'. It refers to the result of an action of splitting.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AY-teh

Translations: you were, you are

Notes: This is the second person plural imperfect or present indicative form of the verb 'εἰμί' (eimi), meaning 'to be'. In the imperfect tense, it translates to 'you were' (referring to a past continuous state or action involving multiple people). In the present tense, it translates to 'you are' (referring to a current state or action involving multiple people). The context determines whether it refers to the present or imperfect.

Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Indicative, Present or Imperfect

G2675

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: kah-tar-TIS-meh-noy

Translations: equipped, prepared, perfected, restored, complete, made ready, fitted, trained, adjusted

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been equipped' or 'having been perfected'. It describes something or someone that has been thoroughly prepared, made complete, or restored to a proper condition. It can be used to describe individuals who are fully trained or made fit for a purpose, or things that have been mended or put in order.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΟΙ, ΠΛΗΡΕΙΣ, ΤΕΛΕΙΟΙ

G1106

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: gno-MAY

Translations: mind, purpose, opinion, counsel, judgment, a mind, a purpose, an opinion, a counsel, a judgment

Notes: This word refers to one's mind, purpose, opinion, or judgment. It can describe a decision, a resolution, or a way of thinking. It is often used to express a personal view or a collective agreement on a matter.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ, ΚΡΙΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the root of γιγνώσκω (gignōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. It refers to the faculty of knowing or judging.

G1213

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-dee-LOH-thay

Translations: it was made clear, it was shown, it was revealed, it was declared, it was made known

Notes: This word is a verb in the aorist passive indicative form. It means that something 'was made clear' or 'was shown' by an external agent, rather than the subject performing the action itself. It describes an action that happened in the past and was completed, with the subject being the recipient of the action of being made clear or revealed.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ, ΔΕΙΔΩ

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G5514

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHLO-ays

Translations: of grass, of green herb, of green growth

Notes: This word refers to green vegetation, such as grass or young plants. It is often used to describe the fresh, green growth found in fields or meadows. In a sentence, it would typically indicate the source or material of something, for example, 'the color of grass' or 'a field of green growth'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΟΡΤΟΣ, ΒΟΤΑΝΗ

Etymology: From a root meaning 'green' or 'pale green'. It is related to words describing fresh, young growth.

G2054

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EH-ree-des

Translations: strife, contentions, disputes, quarrels, rivalries

Notes: This word refers to a state of conflict, disagreement, or rivalry. It describes the act of contending or quarreling, often implying a heated or bitter dispute. It is frequently used in the New Testament to describe divisions or conflicts within communities, particularly among believers.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΧΟΣΤΑΣΙΑ, ΜΑΧΗ, ΑΓΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'ἔρις' (eris) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the concept of contention or rivalry.

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: LEH-goh

Translations: say, speak, tell, call, mean

Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to introduce direct or indirect speech, to give commands, or to express an opinion. It can also mean 'to call' or 'to name' someone or something, or 'to mean' something.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *leg- meaning 'to collect, gather'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to pick out words', hence 'to speak' or 'to say'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-mee

Translations: to be, I am, you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, they are, to exist, to happen, to occur, to come to pass

Notes: This is the Greek verb 'to be', one of the most fundamental verbs in the language. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being. It can function as a linking verb, connecting the subject to a predicate noun or adjective, or it can indicate simple existence or occurrence. Its meaning often depends on the context and the case of the noun or pronoun it accompanies.

Inflection: Infinitive or First Person Singular Present Active Indicative. It is a highly irregular verb with many forms for person, number, tense, mood, and voice.

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'eimi' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is a very ancient and fundamental verb found across many Indo-European languages.

G3307

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-meh-RIS-tai

Translations: has been divided, is divided, has been distributed, is distributed

Notes: This word means 'has been divided' or 'is divided'. It describes something that has undergone a process of division or distribution, indicating a state of being separated into parts. It is often used to describe a separation or distribution of things, people, or even abstract concepts.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Perfect Indicative, Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΙΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΜΕΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: From μέρις (meris), meaning 'part' or 'portion'.

G5547

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: khree-STOS

Translations: Christ, the Anointed One, the Messiah

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ (CHRISTOS). It refers to Christ, the Anointed One, or the Messiah. It is primarily used as a title for Jesus, indicating his role as the divinely appointed deliverer.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb χρίω (chrio), meaning 'to anoint'. It refers to someone who has been consecrated or set apart by anointing, a practice common in ancient Israel for kings, priests, and prophets.

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: AY

Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be

Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.

G1051

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: GAH-ee-on

Translations: Gaius

Notes: ΓΑΙΟΝ is the accusative singular form of the proper noun ΓΑΙΟΣ (Gaius). Gaius was a common Roman praenomen (given name) and is found in various contexts in ancient Greek texts, often referring to different individuals. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name ΓΑΙΟΣ (Gaius) is of Latin origin, a very common Roman praenomen. Its ultimate etymology is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Latin verb 'gaudeo' meaning 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-pay

Translations: he may say, he might say, he says, he speaks

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to express an action that is desired, possible, or hypothetical, often in dependent clauses. It can refer to someone speaking, telling, or commanding.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ

Etymology: The verb εἶπον (eipo), from which ΕΙΠΗ is derived, serves as the aorist stem for both λέγω (legō, 'to say') and ἐρῶ (erō, 'I will say'). Its origin is complex, combining elements from different Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking.

G3062

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: LOY-pon

Translations: remaining, the rest, the remainder, other, finally, henceforth, for the rest

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'remaining' or 'other', a noun meaning 'the rest' or 'the remainder', or an adverb meaning 'finally', 'henceforth', or 'for the rest'. As an adjective, it describes what is left over. As a noun, it refers to the remaining portion or people. As an adverb, it introduces a concluding thought or indicates a future time.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λείπω (leípō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.

G1492

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OY-dah

Translations: to know, to understand, to perceive, to be aware of

Notes: This verb means 'to know' or 'to understand'. It is a perfect tense form that is used with a present meaning, indicating a state of knowing or having come to know. It can refer to knowing facts, understanding concepts, or being acquainted with people or things. It often implies a deep, experiential knowledge rather than mere intellectual acquaintance.

Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the English word 'wit'. It originally meant 'to have seen' (perfect tense of 'to see'), and thus 'to know' (from having seen).

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G649

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-PEH-steh-len

Translations: he sent, he sent away, he dispatched

Notes: This word describes the action of sending someone or something away, often with a specific purpose or mission. It implies a delegation of authority or a dispatching from one place to another. It is frequently used in the context of sending messengers, apostles, or even objects.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποστέλλω (apostellō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb στέλλω (stellō), meaning 'to send' or 'to prepare'. Thus, it literally means 'to send away from'.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, nevertheless, however, indeed

Notes: This word is primarily a conjunction used to introduce a contrast or opposition to what has just been stated. It can often be translated as 'but' or 'yet'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'on the contrary' or 'indeed', emphasizing a preceding statement or introducing a strong affirmation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ

Etymology: From the neuter plural of the adjective ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other'. It developed into a conjunction indicating distinction or opposition.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goo

Translations: of word, of account, of reason, of speech, of message, of saying, of statement, of report, of matter, of thing

Notes: This word refers to a word, speech, discourse, or a divine utterance. It can also mean an account, reason, or a matter/thing. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'. It is frequently used in contexts relating to communication, divine revelation, or logical reasoning.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

G4716

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stow-ROS

Translations: cross, a cross, stake, a stake

Notes: This word refers to an upright stake, pole, or a cross, especially as an instrument of execution. In the New Testament, it primarily denotes the cross on which Jesus Christ was crucified, symbolizing his sacrifice and the Christian faith. It can be used literally to refer to the physical object or metaphorically to represent suffering, self-denial, or the Christian life.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΞΥΛΟΝ, ΠΑΣΧΑ

Etymology: The word Σταυρός comes from an ancient Greek root meaning 'to stand' or 'to set up'. It originally referred to an upright pole or stake, and later evolved to mean a cross, particularly as an instrument of crucifixion.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goss

Translations: word, a word, reason, a reason, account, an account, speech, a speech, message, a message, report, a report, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, saying, a saying, discourse, a discourse

Notes: The word 'logos' is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a wide range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, or a command. Beyond simple communication, it also encompasses concepts like reason, logic, an account, a narrative, or even a divine utterance or principle. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. It refers to something said or thought, and its meaning evolved to encompass both speech and the underlying reason or thought.

G4716

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stow-ROO

Translations: (of) a cross, (of) the cross, (of) a stake, (of) the stake

Notes: This word refers to an upright stake, pole, or a cross, often used for crucifixion. In the New Testament, it primarily denotes the instrument of Jesus' crucifixion, symbolizing his death and the Christian faith. It can also refer to the act of crucifixion itself or metaphorically to the suffering and self-denial required of a follower of Christ.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΞΥΛΟΝ, ΠΑΣΣΑΛΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. The noun refers to something that stands upright, hence a stake or pole.

G0622

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-pol-LYOO-meh-noys

Translations: perishing, being destroyed, those who are perishing, those who are being destroyed

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'apollumi', meaning 'to destroy' or 'to perish'. In the middle voice, it often means 'to perish' or 'to be lost', emphasizing the subject's involvement in the action or the effect on the subject. In the passive voice, it means 'to be destroyed' or 'to be ruined'. As a participle, it functions adjectivally, describing someone or something that is in the process of perishing or being destroyed. It can also be used substantively to refer to 'those who are perishing' or 'those who are being destroyed'.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Dative Case, Plural Number, Masculine or Neuter Gender

Synonyms: APOLLUMENOIS, OLLEIS

G4982

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: SOH-meh-noys

Translations: (to) those being saved, (to) those being delivered, (to) those being preserved

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the present passive participle of the verb ΣΩΖΩ (SOZO), meaning 'to save' or 'to deliver'. It refers to a group of people who are in the process of being saved, delivered, or preserved. It is typically used in contexts where the action of salvation or deliverance is ongoing or being received by the subjects.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΣΩΖΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ

G1411

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DOO-nah-mees

Translations: power, might, strength, ability, miracle, a power, a miracle

Notes: This word refers to inherent power, ability, or strength, often implying a capacity for action or accomplishment. It can describe physical strength, moral power, or even miraculous power, especially when referring to divine power or acts of God. It is frequently used in the New Testament to denote the supernatural power of God or the Holy Spirit, or the power demonstrated through miracles.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ, ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: From δύναμαι (dynamai, "to be able, to have power"), which is of uncertain origin.

G0622

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-LOH

Translations: I will destroy, I will lose, I will perish, I will be lost

Notes: This word means to destroy, to lose, or to perish. In the active voice, it typically means 'to destroy' or 'to lose' something or someone. In the middle or passive voice, it means 'to perish' or 'to be lost'. It can refer to physical destruction, spiritual ruin, or simply the loss of an object or person.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΟΛΕΘΡΕΥΩ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπόλλυμι (apóllumi), a compound of ἀπό (apó, 'from, off') and ὄλλυμι (óllumi, 'to destroy, to lose').

Part of Speech: Article

Sounds like: TAYN

Translations: the

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΤΗΝ (TĒN), which is the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As an article, it always precedes the noun it modifies and agrees with it in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used with feminine singular nouns in the accusative case.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from a demonstrative pronoun in Proto-Indo-European. It evolved to function as a definite article, specifying nouns.

G4908

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: soon-eh-TON

Translations: of understanding, of wise, of intelligent, of prudent

Notes: This word describes someone who is understanding, intelligent, or wise. It refers to a person who possesses good judgment and discernment, capable of comprehending complex matters. It is used to characterize individuals who are insightful and thoughtful in their actions and decisions.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΡΟΝΙΜΟΣ, ΣΟΦΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΕΤΟΣ (synetos) comes from the verb ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ (syniemi), meaning 'to understand' or 'to comprehend'. It is formed from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the root ΙΗΜΙ (hiemi), meaning 'to send' or 'to put'. Thus, it implies putting things together mentally to achieve understanding.

G0114

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-theh-TEH-soh

Translations: I will reject, I will nullify, I will set aside, I will make void, I will despise

Notes: This is a verb in the future tense, indicating an action that will happen. It means to reject, nullify, or set aside something, often implying a disregard for its authority or validity. It can also mean to despise or treat with contempt.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ, ΑΚΥΡΟΩ, ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΩ

Etymology: From Greek 'α-' (a-, negative particle) and 'θετός' (thetos, 'placed, set'). It means literally 'not placed' or 'not set', hence to displace, reject, or annul.

G4680

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: SOH-foss

Translations: wise, a wise person, skillful, clever

Notes: This word describes someone who possesses wisdom, skill, or cleverness. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun (e.g., 'a wise man') or as a substantive noun itself, meaning 'a wise person' or 'the wise one'. It often implies practical wisdom and understanding.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΤΟΣ, ΦΡΟΝΙΜΟΣ, ΕΜΦΡΩΝ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European *sap- meaning 'to taste, to perceive'. It is related to the noun σοφία (sophia), meaning 'wisdom'.

G1122

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: grah-ma-TEFS

Translations: scribe, a scribe, secretary, a secretary, clerk, a clerk

Notes: This word refers to a scribe, a person skilled in writing, especially in ancient times. Scribes often served as secretaries, clerks, or public notaries, responsible for writing, copying, and keeping records, and sometimes interpreting laws.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΟΣ, ΝΟΜΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word γράμμα (gramma), meaning 'a letter' or 'writing', combined with a suffix indicating an agent or practitioner. It refers to one who deals with writing or letters.

G4804

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soon-zee-TAY-tays

Translations: disputer, debater, questioner

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'συν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'ζητητής' (zētētēs), meaning 'seeker' or 'inquirer'. Therefore, it refers to someone who seeks or inquires together with others, often in the context of a debate, discussion, or dispute. It describes a person who engages in questioning, arguing, or disputing, particularly in a philosophical or theological sense.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΡΙΣΤΗΣ, ΑΝΤΙΛΟΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and ΖΗΤΗΤΗΣ (ZETETES), which is derived from the verb ΖΗΤΕΩ (ZETEO), meaning 'to seek', 'to inquire', or 'to question'.

G3780

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OO-khee

Translations: no, not, by no means, certainly not

Notes: This word is a strong negative particle, used to express an emphatic 'no' or 'not'. It is often used when the speaker expects a negative answer or wants to strongly deny something. It can stand alone as an answer or be used to negate a verb or a phrase, emphasizing the denial more strongly than a simple 'οὐ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From οὐ (ou) and the enclitic particle χί (chi), which adds emphasis. It is a strengthened form of the simple negative particle οὐ.

G3471

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-moh-RAH-nen

Translations: made foolish, rendered foolish, became foolish

Notes: This word means to make foolish, to render foolish, or to become foolish. It is often used in a context where something that was once considered wise or sensible is shown to be foolish or absurd, particularly in a spiritual sense where God's wisdom makes human wisdom appear foolish. It describes an action that happened in the past and was completed.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΦΡΟΝΙΖΩ, ΑΝΟΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΜΩΡΑΙΝΩ (morainō) is derived from the Greek word μωρός (mōros), meaning 'foolish' or 'dull'. It describes the act of making something foolish or becoming foolish.

G2889

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOS-moo

Translations: (of) world, (of) universe, (of) adornment, (of) order, (of) a world, (of) an adornment

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΚΟΣΜΟΣ' (kosmos). It refers to the world, the universe, or the created order. It can also mean an adornment, decoration, or arrangement. In a sentence, it often indicates possession or origin, such as 'of the world' or 'belonging to the world'.

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗΣ, ΑΙΩΝΟΣ, ΚΟΣΜΗΜΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΚΟΣΜΟΣ' comes from the Greek verb 'κοσμέω' (kosmeō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to put in order'. From this, it developed the sense of an orderly arrangement, then an adornment, and finally the ordered universe or world.

G1905, G1211

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee-day

Translations: since, because, for, inasmuch as

Notes: This word is a compound adverb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (upon, over) and the particle 'δή' (indeed, now). It is used to introduce a clause that provides a reason or cause, similar to 'since' or 'because' in English. It emphasizes the certainty or obviousness of the reason given.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΔΗ is a compound formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the particle δή (dē), meaning 'indeed' or 'now'.

G2889

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOS-mos

Translations: world, a world, universe, order, adornment, decoration, ornament

Notes: This word refers to the world or the universe, often implying an ordered system. It can also refer to adornment or decoration, such as jewelry or clothing, highlighting the idea of something well-arranged or beautiful. In a broader sense, it can denote humanity or the inhabitants of the earth.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ, ΑΙΩΝ, ΓΗ

Etymology: From the verb κοσμέω (kosmeō), meaning 'to arrange, to put in order, to adorn'. The noun form thus carries the sense of something ordered, arranged, or beautiful.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G1893

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-peh-DEE

Translations: since, because, forasmuch as, inasmuch as

Notes: This word is a causal conjunction used to introduce a reason or cause for something. It functions similarly to 'because' or 'since' in English, explaining why a particular action or state is true. It often appears at the beginning of a clause that provides the justification for the preceding statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΓΑΡ, ΕΠΕΙ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ΕΠΙ (epi, 'upon, to') and the conjunction ΕΙΔΗ (eide, 'already, now'), which is related to the verb ΟΙΔΑ (oida, 'to know'). It literally means 'upon knowing' or 'since it is known', evolving into a general causal conjunction.

G2453

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oy

Translations: Jews, Jewish people

Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of Judea, or more broadly, to the Jewish people, descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who adhere to Judaism. In the New Testament, it often distinguishes them from Gentiles (non-Jews). It is used to describe the ethnic and religious group.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ

Etymology: From the Hebrew word 'Yehudah' (Judah), referring to the tribe of Judah and later the kingdom of Judah. The Greek form 'Ioudaios' means 'of Judah' or 'a Judean', which then came to mean 'Jew'.

G4592

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: say-MEE-ah

Translations: signs, marks, tokens, miracles, wonders, a sign, a mark, a token, a miracle, a wonder

Notes: This word, likely a form of 'σημεῖον' (sēmeion), refers to a sign, mark, or token. It is often used to denote a miraculous event or a wonder that serves as proof or an indication of something. In ancient texts, it can refer to a physical mark, a symbolic indicator, or a supernatural act demonstrating divine power or authority. The given form 'ΣΗΜΙΑ' is most commonly the nominative or accusative plural of 'σημεῖον', meaning 'signs' or 'miracles'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΡΑΣ, ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'σημεῖον' (sēmeion) is derived from 'σῆμα' (sēma), meaning 'mark, sign'. It refers to something that serves as an indicator or a distinguishing mark.

G4717

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: es-tow-ROH-meh-non

Translations: crucified, having been crucified, the crucified one, a crucified one

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'σταυρόω' (stauroō), meaning 'to crucify'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that has undergone the action of being crucified. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the crucified man'), or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who has been crucified'). It emphasizes the completed state or result of the crucifixion.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΗΓΝΥΜΙ

G4625

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SKAN-da-lon

Translations: stumbling block, an offense, a snare, trap, cause of ruin

Notes: This word refers to an obstacle or impediment that causes someone to stumble or fall, either literally or figuratively. It can also mean a snare or trap. In a moral or spiritual sense, it denotes anything that causes someone to sin, fall away from faith, or be led astray.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΑΓΙΣ, ΠΡΟΣΚΟΜΜΑ

Etymology: The word is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to limp' or 'to stumble'. It originally referred to the movable stick or trigger of a trap, which, when touched, caused the trap to spring shut.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tee

Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is, exists, it exists, it is possible

Notes: This word is a common form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It indicates existence, identity, or a state of being. It can be used to link a subject to a predicate, or to simply state that something exists.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The root verb ΕΙΜΙ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.

G0772

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: as-theh-NES

Translations: weak, feeble, sick, infirm, powerless, a weak one, a sick one

Notes: This word describes something or someone as weak, feeble, or lacking strength, whether physically, morally, or spiritually. It can refer to a state of sickness or infirmity, or a general lack of power or ability. It is often used to describe those who are physically ill or those who are spiritually immature or lacking in faith.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ, ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΑ

Etymology: From the negative prefix 'A' (alpha privative, meaning 'not') and 'STHENOS' (meaning 'strength'). Thus, it literally means 'without strength' or 'powerless'.

G2478

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: is-khoo-RO-teh-ron

Translations: stronger, more powerful, a stronger thing, a more powerful thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'ischyroteros', meaning 'stronger' or 'more powerful'. It is derived from the adjective 'ischyros' (strong, mighty). As a neuter singular, it can function as a predicate adjective or refer to a 'stronger thing' or 'more powerful thing'. It is used to indicate a greater degree of strength or power compared to something else.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Comparative Degree

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΤΩΤΕΡΟΝ

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G2104

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-GEH-nis

Translations: noble, well-born, high-born, a noble, a well-born person, a high-born person

Notes: This word describes someone of noble birth or character, indicating high social standing or inherent excellence. It can be used to describe individuals who are honorable, virtuous, or of good lineage.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΚΑΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΥΓΕΝΗΣ (eugenes) is a compound word derived from the Greek prefix ΕΥ- (eu-), meaning 'well' or 'good', and the root ΓΕΝΟΣ (genos), meaning 'race, stock, or birth'. Thus, it literally means 'well-born' or 'of good birth'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3474

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MOH-rah

Translations: foolish, stupid, silly, absurd

Notes: This word describes something or someone as foolish, stupid, or silly. It can refer to a lack of wisdom or understanding, often implying a moral or spiritual deficiency rather than just intellectual. It is used to characterize actions, words, or people as absurd or senseless.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Vocative; or Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΑΦΡΩΝ, ΑΝΟΗΤΟΣ, ΑΣΥΝΕΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μωρός' (mōros) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or from an onomatopoeic root related to dullness or slowness.

G0770

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: as-THEH-nay

Translations: weak, feeble, sick, infirm, powerless, a weak one, a sick one

Notes: This word describes something or someone as weak, feeble, or sick. It can refer to physical weakness, illness, or a lack of power or strength in a broader sense. It is often used to describe people who are physically or spiritually infirm.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine; or Singular, Nominative/Accusative, Neuter; or Plural, Nominative/Accusative, Masculine/Feminine/Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ, ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word comes from the prefix 'a-' (meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'sthenos' (meaning 'strength'). Thus, it literally means 'without strength'.

G0002

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-geh-NEE

Translations: unborn, uncreated, unbegotten

Notes: This word describes something that has not been born or created, emphasizing its eternal or primordial nature. It is often used in theological contexts to refer to God or a divine being as having no origin.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΕΝΝΗΤΟΣ, ΑΝΑΡΧΟΣ

Etymology: Derived from the negative prefix 'α-' (alpha privative, meaning 'not') and the root of 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to be born'. Thus, it literally means 'not born' or 'uncreated'.

G1848

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: ex-oo-the-nee-MEH-nah

Translations: despised, scorned, contemptible, worthless, things despised, things scorned

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been despised' or 'having been treated with contempt'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing a noun. In this form, it is neuter plural, often referring to 'things' that are despised or considered worthless. It describes something that has been utterly rejected or held in low esteem.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΑΤΙΜΟΣ, ΕΥΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΗΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tah

Translations: being, existing, things being, those who are, existing ones

Notes: ΟΝΤΑ is the present active participle of the verb ΕΙΜΙ, meaning 'to be'. It can function as an adjective, describing something that is 'being' or 'existing', or as a substantive, referring to 'those who are' or 'things that exist'. It is often used to describe the state or condition of something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter Plural Nominative or Accusative, or Masculine/Feminine Plural Accusative

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ

G2673

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tar-GAY-see

Translations: abolition, nullification, destruction, removal, doing away with, bringing to naught, rendering ineffective

Notes: This word refers to the act of abolishing, nullifying, or rendering something ineffective. It describes the process of bringing something to an end, making it void, or causing it to cease to exist or operate. It implies a complete removal or destruction of a previous state or condition.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΙΡΕΣΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΣΙΣ, ΑΦΑΝΙΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the verb καταργέω (katargeō), which is a compound of κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and ἀργέω (argeō), meaning 'to be idle' or 'to be inactive'. Thus, it literally means 'to render inactive' or 'to make idle', leading to the sense of abolishing or nullifying.

G4561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SARX

Translations: flesh, a flesh, body, a body, human nature, a human nature, mankind, a mankind

Notes: This word refers to flesh, the physical body, or human nature. In a broader sense, it can also refer to humanity or mankind. It is often used to contrast the physical, earthly aspect of existence with the spiritual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΩΜΑ, ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΑΡΞ (sarx) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages, but its precise etymological root is not definitively established.

G1799

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: en-OH-pee-on

Translations: before, in the presence of, in the sight of, in front of

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or an improper preposition, meaning 'before' or 'in the presence of'. It is used to indicate a position directly in front of someone or something, or to denote being under the observation or authority of someone. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition 'ἐν' (en, meaning 'in') and 'ὤψ' (ōps, meaning 'face' or 'countenance'). It literally means 'in the face of' or 'in the sight of'.

G1537, G1803

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: eks

Translations: out of, from, by, of, six

Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ

Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.

G1343

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-kah-yoh-SOO-nay

Translations: righteousness, justice, a righteousness, a justice

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being morally right or just. It encompasses concepts of uprightness, integrity, and conformity to divine or moral law. It is often used in a theological context to describe God's character or the state of being right with God.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ, ΑΡΕΤΗ, ΟΣΙΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'just' or 'righteous', combined with the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which forms abstract nouns.

G0038

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hah-gee-as-MOS

Translations: sanctification, a sanctification, holiness, a holiness, consecration, a consecration

Notes: This word refers to the process or state of being made holy or set apart for God's purposes. It implies a separation from common or profane use and a dedication to sacred use. In a theological context, it often refers to the process by which believers are made holy and conformed to the image of Christ.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΤΗΣ, ΚΑΘΑΡΙΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: Derived from the verb 'ἁγιάζω' (hagiazo), meaning 'to make holy' or 'to consecrate', which itself comes from 'ἅγιος' (hagios), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'.

G629

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-po-LOO-tro-sis

Translations: redemption, deliverance, release, ransom

Notes: This is a compound noun formed from 'apo' (from, away from) and 'lytrosis' (a ransoming, redemption). It refers to the act of setting free by payment of a ransom, signifying deliverance from bondage, sin, or death through a price paid. It is often used in a theological context to describe salvation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ, ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ἀπολυτρόω (apolytróō, "to redeem"), which is formed from ἀπό (apó, "from, away from") and λυτρόω (lytróō, "to ransom").

G2744