Book 17 Chapter 7, Interlinear version from Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews (Beta)

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1989

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ep-ee-STEL-lon-tos

Translations: of writing, of sending a letter, of giving instructions by letter

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epistellō', meaning 'to send a message, to write, to give instructions by letter'. As a genitive participle, it often indicates a temporal or causal relationship, meaning 'while writing', 'when he was writing', 'because he was writing', or 'of one who is writing'. It describes an action that is ongoing or concurrent with another event.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΩ, ΠΕΜΠΩ

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G4773

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: syng-ge-NEYS

Translations: related, kindred, kinsfolk, relatives, a relative, kinsmen, a kinsman

Notes: This word describes someone who is related by birth or family, indicating a familial connection. It can be used as an adjective to describe something as 'related' or 'kindred,' or more commonly as a noun to refer to 'relatives' or 'kinsfolk.' It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and 'γένος' (genos), meaning 'race, family, or kind,' emphasizing the shared origin or family tie.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΣΥΓΓΕΝΕΙΣ

G3918, G3867

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EEN

Translations: was present, were present, was advising, was exhorting, was encouraging

Notes: This word is an inflected form that can come from two different Koine Greek verbs. It can be the imperfect active indicative, third person singular or plural, of ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, meaning 'to be present' or 'to be at hand'. In this sense, it describes someone or something being in a particular place or situation. Alternatively, it can be the imperfect active indicative, third person singular, of ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ, meaning 'to advise', 'to exhort', or 'to encourage'. The specific meaning depends on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular or Plural (from ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ); Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular (from ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ)

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΗΜΕΩ, ΣΥΜΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

G5259

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G0649

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-pes-tal-MEH-non

Translations: of those sent, of those dispatched, of those commissioned, of those having been sent

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'of those who have been sent' or 'of those who have been dispatched'. It describes individuals or things that have been sent away or commissioned for a specific purpose. As a genitive plural, it typically functions to show possession or relationship, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΠΕΜΦΘΕΝΤΩΝ, ΕΞΑΠΕΣΤΑΛΜΕΝΩΝ

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G0314

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-nahg-naws-THEN-tohn

Translations: of those having been read, when they had been read, after they were read

Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the verb 'to read' (γινώσκω) and the prefix 'ana-' (again, up, back). It means 'of those having been read' or 'when they had been read'. It is used to describe something that has already been read or publicly recited, often functioning adverbially to indicate a temporal relationship (after something was read).

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΝΩΣΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ἈΝΑΓΝΩΣΘΕΙΣ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G5037

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G3709

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: or-GAY

Translations: wrath, anger, indignation, a wrath, an anger

Notes: This word refers to a strong, often violent, emotion of displeasure or indignation. It can describe human anger, but is frequently used in a theological context to refer to God's righteous wrath against sin. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΣ, ΧΟΛΗ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *werg- meaning 'to work, to do'. The word originally referred to an 'impulse' or 'disposition', which then developed into the meaning of 'anger' or 'wrath' as an internal working or agitation.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G2541

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KAI-sar-os

Translations: of Caesar

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Caesar'. It refers to the Roman emperor, or more generally, the imperial authority. In the New Testament, it often refers to the reigning emperor, such as Augustus or Tiberius, or the office itself.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From Latin 'Caesar', originally a Roman family name, which became a title for the Roman emperors after Julius Caesar. The name's ultimate origin is uncertain, possibly from 'caesaries' (hair) or 'caesus' (cut).

G0337

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-ee-REE-meh-nes

Translations: of having been taken up, of having been destroyed, of having been killed, of having been abolished

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'ἀναιρέω' (anaireō), meaning to take up, destroy, or kill. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀνά' (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and 'αἱρέω' (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose'. In this specific form, it describes something that has been taken up, destroyed, or killed, indicating a completed action with a resulting state. It is often used in contexts of removing, abolishing, or putting an end to something or someone.

Inflection: Perfect, Participle, Passive, Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ἈΝΕΛΩΝ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: EHF

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by

Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.

Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G3739

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G4777

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soong-kah-koor-GAY-see-en

Translations: to suffer evil with, to be a fellow evildoer, to be a fellow criminal

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning to suffer evil or ill-treatment alongside someone else, or to be a partner in wrongdoing or a fellow criminal. It describes the act of enduring hardship or committing a crime in association with others. It can be used to describe someone who shares in the suffering of another, or someone who participates in the same evil deeds.

Inflection: Aorist, Optative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΠΑΘΩ, ΣΥΝΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΚΑΚΟΥΡΓΕΩ (kakourgeō), meaning 'to do evil' or 'to be a malefactor'. ΚΑΚΟΥΡΓΕΩ itself comes from ΚΑΚΟΣ (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil', and ΕΡΓΟΝ (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'.

G0494

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-pa-tron

Translations: Antipater

Notes: Antipater is a Greek proper name, meaning 'instead of the father' or 'like the father'. It refers to several historical figures, most notably Antipater the Idumaean, father of Herod the Great, and Antipater of Thessalonica, a Greek poet. In the provided context, it refers to a specific individual named Antipater.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The name Antipater is derived from the Greek words 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'instead of' or 'like', and 'πατήρ' (patēr), meaning 'father'.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G1106

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: gno-MAY

Translations: mind, purpose, opinion, counsel, judgment, a mind, a purpose, an opinion, a counsel, a judgment

Notes: This word refers to one's mind, purpose, opinion, or judgment. It can describe a decision, a resolution, or a way of thinking. It is often used to express a personal view or a collective agreement on a matter.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ, ΚΡΙΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the root of γιγνώσκω (gignōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. It refers to the faculty of knowing or judging.

G1565

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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-noo

Translations: of that, of that one, of him, of it, that one's, his

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ', meaning 'that' or 'that one'. In the genitive case, it indicates possession or origin, translating to 'of that', 'of that one', 'of him', or 'of it'. It can refer to a person or thing previously mentioned or understood from context, distinguishing it from something closer or more immediate.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ' is derived from the demonstrative particle 'ἘΚΕῖ' (there), indicating distance. It points to something or someone far off or distinct from the speaker and listener.

G4160

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-OY-toh

Translations: he might do, he might make, he might perform, he might cause, he might produce

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It describes an action of creation, performance, or causation. It can be used in various contexts, such as making something, doing an action, or causing an event to happen. The form 'ΠΟΙΟΙΤΟ' specifically indicates a potential or hypothetical action that 'he' or 'it' might do or make.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Optative Mood, Middle Voice, Present Tense

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ποιέω (poieō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- meaning 'to build, to make'. It is related to words signifying 'to make' or 'to do' in various Indo-European languages.

G1538

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EYE-teh

Translations: whether, or, either...or

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce alternative possibilities. It often appears in pairs (eite... eite...) to mean 'either... or', but can also be used alone to mean 'whether' or simply 'or'. It connects clauses or phrases that present different options or conditions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: Ἠ

Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei), meaning 'if', and the particle τε (te), meaning 'and'. It combines these elements to express conditional alternatives.

G191

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-kroh-OH-meh-nos

Translations: listening, hearing, heeding, one who listens, one who hears

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἀκροάομαι', meaning 'to listen' or 'to hear'. As a participle, it describes someone who is in the act of listening or hearing. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, indicating the circumstances or time of an action, often translated as 'while listening' or 'the one who listens'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ἈΚΟΥΩΝ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩΝ

G1024

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: BRA-khoo

Translations: short, brief, little, a little, for a short time, briefly, in a short time, by little, gradually

Notes: This word primarily means 'short' or 'brief', referring to duration of time or physical length. It can be used as an adjective to describe something as short or brief. When used adverbially, often with a preposition like 'κατά' (kata), it can mean 'briefly', 'for a short time', 'by little', or 'gradually'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΟΣ, ΜΙΚΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'βραχύς' (brachys) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'short'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of shortness or brevity.

G3303

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G0399

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-EEN-eng-ken

Translations: brought up, offered, carried up, bore up

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. In its inflected form, it means 'he/she/it brought up' or 'he/she/it offered'. It is often used in the context of offering sacrifices or carrying something upwards.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Etymology: The word ἀναφέρω (anapherō) is derived from the prefix ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'.

G1125

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ge-gra-mMEH-non

Translations: (of) written, (of) written things, (of) the things written, (of) the scriptures

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the perfect passive participle of the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It is often used substantively, referring to 'the things that have been written' or 'the scriptures'. It indicates something that has been recorded or set down in writing, and in a religious context, it frequently refers to sacred texts.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΩΝ, ΓΡΑΦΩΝ

G1869

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: eh-PAI-roh-meh-nos

Translations: lifted up, exalted, raised, carried away, elated, proud, arrogant, swollen

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'ἘΠΑΙΡΩ'. It describes someone or something that is being lifted up, raised, or exalted. In a figurative sense, it can refer to someone who is becoming arrogant, proud, or elated, often due to success or power. It can be used to describe a state of being elevated physically or emotionally.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ὙΨΟΩ, ἈΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΦΥΣΙΟΩ

G1849

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eks-oo-SEE-ah

Translations: authority, power, right, a right, jurisdiction, control

Notes: This word refers to the right or power to act, often implying delegated authority or freedom to choose. It can denote official power, jurisdiction, or the ability to do something. It is frequently used in contexts of governance, legal rights, or spiritual power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΑΡΧΗ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐκ (ek, "out of") and the verb ἔστι (esti, "it is"), implying the ability or right that comes "out of being" or "from what is possible."

G4040

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: peh-ree-OO-sohn

Translations: of being over and above, of being left over, of being abundant, of being in abundance, of being a possession, of being a peculiar treasure

Notes: This word is a genitive plural participle derived from the verb 'perieimi', meaning 'to be over and above', 'to be left over', or 'to be abundant'. It can describe things that are superfluous, remaining, or in excess. In some contexts, it can refer to things that are a special possession or peculiar treasure, particularly when used in relation to God's people.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΩΝ, ΠΛΕΟΝΑΖΟΝΤΩΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΕΡΙ (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb ΕΙΜΙ (eimi), meaning 'to be'. It literally means 'to be around' or 'to be over'.

G3173

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-gah

Translations: great, large, mighty, important, a great, a large

Notes: This word describes something as great, large, or mighty in size, extent, or importance. It can refer to physical size, but also to significance, power, or intensity. It is often used to emphasize the magnitude of something, such as a great storm, a great fear, or a great city. This particular form, ΜΕΓΑ, is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂- (great). It is related to Latin magnus and English much.

G3935

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pah-REE-eh-toh

Translations: was being let go, was being neglected, was being allowed, was being permitted

Notes: This is the third person singular, imperfect, indicative, passive form of the verb παρίημι (pariēmi). The verb means to let go, to relax, to neglect, to allow, or to permit. In the imperfect passive, it describes an action that was continuously or repeatedly being done to the subject in the past, such as 'he/she/it was being let go' or 'he/she/it was being neglected'.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΑΩ, ΣΥΓΧΩΡΕΩ

G5003

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: teh-tah-lai-POH-ray-meh-nos

Translations: having been afflicted, having been distressed, having been miserable, worn out, miserable, afflicted, distressed

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been afflicted' or 'having been distressed'. It describes someone who has undergone hardship or suffering and is now in a state of being worn out or miserable as a result. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating a completed action that results in a current state.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΑΚΩΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΕΠΟΝΗΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ταλαιπωρέω (talaipōreō) is a compound word derived from τάλας (talas), meaning 'wretched' or 'miserable', and πωρέω (pōreō), meaning 'to make hard' or 'to wear out'. Thus, it literally means 'to make wretched' or 'to wear out with misery'.

G0154

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-tay-seh

Translations: he asked, he requested, he demanded, he begged

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to ask', 'to request', 'to demand', or 'to beg'. It is used to describe someone making a direct appeal or petition for something. The specific nuance of the request (e.g., a polite ask versus a forceful demand) often depends on the context.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΑΞΙΟΩ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to the idea of 'to seek' or 'to desire'.

G3162

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ma-KHAIR-ee-on

Translations: knife, a knife, dagger, a dagger, short sword, a short sword

Notes: This word refers to a knife, dagger, or short sword. It is a diminutive form of the word 'μάχαιρα' (machaira), meaning a larger sword or knife. It is typically used to refer to a smaller cutting or stabbing implement.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΞΙΦΟΣ, ΔΡΕΠΑΝΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΑΙΡΑ (machaira) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or related to μάχη (machē, 'battle'). ΜΑΧΑΙΡΙΟΝ is a diminutive form of ΜΑΧΑΙΡΑ.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G4387

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G4035

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: peh-ree-LEP-san-tee

Translations: (to) one who was left over, (to) one who remained, (to) one who survived

Notes: This word is the dative singular masculine or neuter aorist active participle of the verb περιλείπω (perileipō). It is a compound word formed from περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'over and above', and λείπω (leipō), meaning 'to leave'. Thus, it means 'to be left over' or 'to remain'. As a dative participle, it indicates the recipient or indirect object of an action, referring to someone or something that was left behind or survived.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΛΕΙΠΟ, ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΟ

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: it, itself, the same

Notes: This word is a versatile pronoun and adjective. As a pronoun, it typically means 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' or 'they,' depending on its gender and number. When used as an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or serve as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the noun it modifies, such as 'himself,' 'herself,' 'itself,' or 'themselves.' Its meaning is highly dependent on its grammatical case, number, and gender within a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: This word is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'that, that one.' It developed into the Greek pronoun and adjective 'autos,' retaining its core sense of identity or self.

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G2596

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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G3641

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: o-LI-gon

Translations: little, a little, few, a few, small, a small amount, short, a short time, briefly

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'little' or 'few', or as an adverb meaning 'a little' or 'briefly'. As an adjective, it describes a small quantity or number of something. As an adverb, it indicates a small degree or duration of an action. It is often used to denote scarcity or brevity.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΙΚΡΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ

Etymology: The word ὈΛΙΓΟΣ (oligos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to words meaning 'small' or 'scanty'.

G5080

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: TEH-mon-tee

Translations: cutting, having cut, to cut, for cutting

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to cut'. It describes an action of cutting or having cut, and functions like an adjective or adverb in a sentence, modifying a noun or verb to indicate the agent or circumstance of the cutting action. It can be translated as 'cutting' or 'having cut', and when used in the dative case, it often indicates 'to' or 'for' the one doing the cutting.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist Active Participle

G2983

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: lah-BOHN

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the means or circumstance by which another action takes place. For example, 'having taken the book, he read it' or 'receiving the gift, she smiled.'

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΛΗΦΩΣ

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: peh-ree-SKEP-sah-meh-nos

Translations: having looked around, having considered, having examined, having surveyed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'periskeptomai', meaning 'to look around', 'to consider carefully', or 'to examine thoroughly'. It describes an action that has been completed by the subject, indicating that they have taken the time to observe or think about something before proceeding. It implies a careful and comprehensive assessment of a situation or place.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Participle

Synonyms: ΣΚΕΨΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΠΙΣΚΕΨΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΗΣΑΣ

G3815

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pai-SOHN

Translations: playing, sporting, jesting, dancing, a player, a jester

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'playing,' 'sporting,' or 'jesting.' It describes someone who is currently engaged in an act of play or amusement. It can function like a verb, indicating an action, or like an adjective, describing a person or thing as 'playing' or 'sporting.'

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΘΥΡΩΝ, ΕΜΠΑΙΖΩΝ

Etymology: From the root word παῖς (pais), meaning 'child,' suggesting an activity characteristic of children.

G4238

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEH-prah-khei

Translations: had done, had made, had accomplished, had performed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to do', 'to make', 'to accomplish', or 'to perform'. It is in the pluperfect tense, indicating an action completed in the past before another past action. It is typically used to describe actions or deeds that have been carried out.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Pluperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΈΩ, ἘΡΓΆΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΆΣΣΩ (prassō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂g- meaning 'to do, to make'. It is related to words signifying 'passage' or 'action'.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G5348

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: fthah-SAN-tos

Translations: having come, having arrived, having reached, having anticipated, having preceded, having overtaken, having attained, having come beforehand

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'phthanō', meaning 'to come before', 'to arrive', 'to reach', or 'to anticipate'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially to modify a noun or verb in the main clause. It indicates that the subject has already accomplished or experienced the action of 'coming' or 'reaching' something.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΦΘΑΣΑ, ΠΡΟΦΘΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'phthanō' (φθάνω) is of uncertain origin, but it is an ancient Greek verb. It is related to the idea of being 'first' or 'ahead' in time or space.

G2638

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-lah-BINE

Translations: to grasp, to seize, to comprehend, to overtake, to find, to lay hold of, to apprehend

Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb καταλαμβάνω (katalambanō). It is a compound word formed from κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. It can mean to take hold of something, either physically or mentally, implying a strong grasp or full comprehension. It is also used to mean to overtake someone or something, or to find something.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word καταλαμβάνω (katalambanō) is a compound verb derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. Its meaning evolved from physically taking hold of something to mentally grasping or comprehending.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G0431

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-NEP-see-os

Translations: cousin, a cousin, nephew, a nephew

Notes: This word refers to a male relative, specifically a cousin or a nephew. It is used to denote a family relationship, indicating someone who is the son of one's uncle or aunt, or the son of one's sibling. It is a masculine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΕΨΙΟΣ is derived from the prefix ἀν- (an-), meaning 'up' or 'again', and ἔψιος (epsios), which is related to cooking or boiling, but in this context, it refers to a 'kinsman' or 'relative'. The precise etymology is debated, but it generally refers to a close family member, particularly a cousin or nephew.

G0349

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-nah-krah-GON-tos

Translations: crying out, shouting, screaming, yelling

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to cry out' or 'to shout'. It describes an action of making a loud, often sudden, vocal sound, typically expressing strong emotion like fear, pain, anger, or excitement. It is used to describe someone who is in the act of crying out or has cried out.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΒΟΑΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἀνακράζω (anakrazō) is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb κράζω (krazō), meaning 'to cry out' or 'to shriek'.

G0861

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OW-this

Translations: again, anew, back, once more, furthermore, on the other hand

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'anew'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a contrasting idea, similar to 'furthermore' or 'on the other hand'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΛΙΝ, ἘΤΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek αὖθις (authis), meaning 'again', 'back again'. It is related to αὖ (au), meaning 'again', 'furthermore'.

G0303

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Prefix

Sounds like: ah-NAH

Translations: up, upward, again, back, each, per, through, among, by, on, upon

Notes: ἈΝΑ is a versatile Koine Greek word that can function as a preposition, an adverb, or a prefix in compound words. As a preposition, it typically takes the accusative case and signifies movement 'up' or 'upward', or distribution 'each' or 'per'. As an adverb, it can mean 'up' or 'upward'. When used as a prefix, it often conveys meanings such as 'up', 'back', 'again', or 're-'. For example, in 'ἈΝΑΣΤΗΘΙ' (anastethi), it means 'stand up' or 'rise up'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'on, upon, up'.

G0932

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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: bah-see-LAY-on

Translations: kingdom, a kingdom, royal palace, a royal palace, royal power, reign, royal

Notes: This word primarily functions as a noun meaning 'kingdom,' 'royal palace,' or 'royal power/authority.' It can refer to a literal territory ruled by a king, the physical dwelling of a king, or the abstract concept of royal dominion. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'royal' or 'kingly,' describing something belonging to or characteristic of a king. In the New Testament, it frequently refers to the 'kingdom of God' or 'kingdom of heaven.'

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (when used as a noun); Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (when used as an adjective)

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΑ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek word βασιλεύς (basileus), meaning 'king.' The suffix -ιον (-ion) indicates a place or thing associated with the root.

G2351

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THO-roo-bos

Translations: tumult, an uproar, a disturbance, a noise, a clamor

Notes: This word refers to a loud noise, a commotion, or a state of disorder and confusion, often caused by a crowd or a group of people. It can describe a general disturbance, an uproar, or the noise associated with a crowd's activity. It is used to describe situations ranging from a simple noise to a violent riot.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΑΡΑΧΗ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ, ΗΧΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΘΟΡΥΒΟΣ' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the verb θορέω (thoreō), meaning 'to leap, to spring up', suggesting a sense of agitation or commotion.

G3173

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-gas

Translations: great, large, mighty, important, significant, powerful

Notes: ΜΕΓΑΣ is an adjective meaning "great" or "large." It is used to describe the size, intensity, or importance of something or someone. For example, it can refer to a large storm, a great priest, or a significant event. As an adjective, it changes its form to match the gender, number, and case of the noun it describes.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative. As an adjective, it inflects for gender, number, and case to agree with the noun it modifies.

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂- (great). It is a primary adjective in Greek.

G3638

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: oy-KHO-me-noo

Translations: of having gone, of having departed, of having perished, of having been destroyed, of having been lost, of having vanished

Notes: This word is a genitive singular masculine or neuter participle derived from the verb 'οἴχομαι' (oichomai), meaning 'to go, to depart, to perish, to be lost'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions, and can be translated with 'of' or 'concerning' the one who has gone or perished. For example, 'of the one having departed' or 'concerning the one who is lost'.

Inflection: Perfect, Middle/Passive Voice, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΛΩΛΌΤΟΣ, ἘΞΕΛΗΛΥΘΌΤΟΣ

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G0493

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-pa-tros

Translations: Antipas, Antipater

Notes: This is a masculine proper noun, referring to a personal name. It was a common name in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, borne by several historical figures, including a son of Herod the Great (Herod Antipas). It is used to identify a specific individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name is of Greek origin, meaning 'like the father' or 'instead of the father'. It is a compound word derived from 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'instead of' or 'like', and 'πατήρ' (patēr), meaning 'father'.

G5056

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEH-los

Translations: end, a goal, a purpose, an outcome, a completion, a tax, a custom, a duty

Notes: This word refers to an end, a goal, a purpose, or the completion of something. It can also refer to a tax or custom duty. It is often used to denote the conclusion of an event or process, or the ultimate aim or objective. In some contexts, it refers to the payment of tribute or taxes.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ

Etymology: The word ΤΕΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn, to accomplish, to fulfill'. It is related to words signifying completion, fulfillment, and the end of a process.

G2235

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).

G0863

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-fay-SOH-meh-nos

Translations: about to send away, about to let go, about to forgive, about to permit, about to leave, about to abandon

Notes: This word is a future participle, indicating an action that is about to happen or intended to happen. It is derived from the verb 'aphiēmi', which means to send away, let go, forgive, permit, or leave. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing a noun or pronoun as 'one who is about to send away' or 'one who is about to forgive', etc. It can also be used substantively, meaning 'the one who is about to send away'.

Inflection: Future, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΛΥΩ, ἈΦΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ἘΑΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, 'from, away from') and ἵημι (híēmi, 'to send, to let go'). It literally means 'to send away from'.

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ah-koh-NEE-tee

Translations: without dust, without effort, easily, without a struggle, without a contest

Notes: This adverb describes an action performed without difficulty or struggle, as if without getting dusty from a fight or contest. It implies ease, effortlessness, or a swift victory. It can be used to describe how something was achieved or how an event unfolded.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΥΚΟΛΩΣ, ΡΑΔΙΩΣ, ΑΝΕΠΙΠΟΝΩΣ

Etymology: From ἀ- (a privative, meaning 'not') and κονίω (to make dusty), derived from κόνις (dust). The word literally means 'without dust,' referring to a contest or struggle where one does not get dusty from exertion or fighting.

G1209

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: deh-KSO-meh-nos

Translations: receiving, accepting, taking, welcoming

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δέχομαι' (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in the act of receiving or accepting. It can be used to modify a noun, indicating the one who is performing the action of receiving, or it can function adverbially, describing the manner in which an action is performed.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Future, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

G4012

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G0859

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-feh-SEH-ohs

Translations: of release, of forgiveness, of pardon, of liberty, of remission, of deliverance

Notes: This word refers to the act of sending away, letting go, or dismissing. In a spiritual context, it signifies the forgiveness of sins or the remission of debts. It can also refer to physical release or liberation from bondage or captivity. It is often used in the context of a jubilee year, where debts are forgiven and slaves are set free.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΦΕΣΙΣ, ΑΠΟΛΥΣΙΣ, ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ

G1297

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-AH-loh-goss

Translations: dialogue, conversation, discussion, a dialogue, a conversation, a discussion

Notes: This word refers to a conversation or discussion between two or more people. It implies an exchange of words or ideas, often with a purpose such as deliberation or debate. It is a compound word formed from 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'between', and 'λόγος' (logos), meaning 'word' or 'reason'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΟΜΙΛΙΑ, ΛΟΓΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'between', and 'λόγος' (logos), meaning 'word' or 'reason'. It literally means 'a word passing through' or 'a word between'.

G5293

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-pis-KHNOO-meh-noo

Translations: of promising, of one promising, of one who promises, of one being promised, of one who is promised

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to promise'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of promising or has promised. As a genitive form, it often indicates possession or relationship, meaning 'of one who promises' or 'of that which is promised'. It can be used to modify a noun or pronoun, providing additional information about them.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΟΜΕΝΟΥ

G3918

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle, Noun

Sounds like: pa-RON

Translations: present, being present, the present, the present time, a present thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular nominative or accusative form of the present active participle of the verb 'to be present'. It can function as an adjective meaning 'present' or 'being present', or as a noun referring to 'the present time' or 'a present thing'. It describes something that is currently existing or happening.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΝΕΣΤΩΣ, ΝΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΩΝ (PARON) comes from the preposition ΠΑΡΑ (PARA), meaning 'beside' or 'with', and the verb ΕΙΜΙ (EIMI), meaning 'to be'. Thus, it literally means 'being beside' or 'being with', conveying the sense of presence.

G0302

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G0073

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-GOH-nos

Translations: of a contest, of contest, of a struggle, of struggle, of a fight, of fight, of a race, of race, of a conflict, of conflict

Notes: This word refers to a contest, struggle, fight, or race. It can describe any kind of intense effort or conflict, whether physical, mental, or spiritual. It is often used in contexts of athletic competitions, battles, or moral struggles. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or relation, meaning 'of a contest' or 'belonging to a struggle'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΠΑΛΗ, ΔΡΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΓΩΝ (agōn) comes from the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead, to bring'. It originally referred to an assembly or gathering, especially for games or contests, and then came to mean the contest itself.

G1764

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-nes-TEE-koh-tos

Translations: imminent, present, at hand, of present things, of things at hand

Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the perfect active participle of the verb 'enistēmi'. It describes something that is standing in, present, or imminent. It can refer to something that is already here or something that is about to happen. In a sentence, it often functions adjectivally, modifying a noun to indicate its state of being present or impending.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΩΝ, ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΗΔΗ

Etymology: From 'en' (in) and 'histēmi' (to stand). It literally means 'to stand in' or 'to be present'.

G3440

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G0545

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-pay-THAYS

Translations: disobedient, rebellious, unbelieving, unpersuadable

Notes: This word describes someone who is disobedient, rebellious, or unwilling to be persuaded. It is often used to characterize those who refuse to comply with authority or believe in something. It is a compound word formed from the prefix 'ἀ-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and 'πειθής' (peithēs), meaning 'obedient' or 'persuadable'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΠΕΙΘΕΩ, ἈΠΙΣΤΟΣ, ἈΝΥΠΟΤΑΚΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the prefix 'ἀ-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and 'πειθής' (peithēs), meaning 'obedient' or 'persuadable', which comes from 'πείθω' (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to obey'.

G4238

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PRAS-sane

Translations: to do, to practice, to perform, to accomplish, to act, to exact, to demand

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to do, to practice, or to perform an action. It can refer to carrying out a task, accomplishing something, or engaging in a particular activity. It can also imply the act of exacting or demanding something, such as payment.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΕΛΕΩ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to an earlier form meaning 'to pass through' or 'to travel', which evolved to mean 'to accomplish' or 'to do'.

G0515

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-KSEE-oo

Translations: was thinking worthy, was deeming worthy, was demanding, was asking, was requesting, was claiming, was expecting

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'axioō'. It means 'to deem worthy,' 'to consider worthy,' 'to ask,' 'to request,' or 'to demand.' It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that someone was continuously or repeatedly considering something worthy, or making a request or demand. It often implies a sense of entitlement or a belief that one has a right to something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑἸΤΈΩ, ΖΗΤΈΩ, ΔΈΟΜΑΙ

G0235

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G660

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-poh-see-MAI-nei

Translations: it signifies, it means, it indicates, it denotes

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to signify,' 'to indicate,' or 'to mean.' It is used to explain what something represents or points to. In the provided context, it clarifies the meaning of a name or a concept.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΕΡΜΗΝΕΥΩ, ΦΡΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποσημαίνει (aposēmainei) is derived from the prefix ἀπο- (apo-), meaning 'from' or 'away from,' and the verb σημαίνω (sēmainō), meaning 'to show by a sign, signify, indicate.' The root σημαίνω comes from σῆμα (sēma), meaning 'sign' or 'mark.'

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-eis-fo-RAH

Translations: additional contribution, a further payment, a further contribution

Notes: This is a compound noun referring to an additional contribution or a further payment. It implies something given or paid over and above what was initially expected or required. It is used in contexts where an extra or supplementary offering, tax, or payment is made.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: This word is a compound of three elements: πρός (pros, 'to, toward, in addition to'), εἰς (eis, 'into, to'), and φορά (phora, 'a bringing, a carrying, a payment'), which itself comes from φέρω (pherō, 'to bear, carry'). It literally means 'a bringing in addition to'.

G3844

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G5530

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: KHROH-meh-nos

Translations: using, employing, having, dealing with, associating with, a user, an employer

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΧΡΑΟΜΑΙ' (chraomai), meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of using, employing, or dealing with something. It can also imply having or associating with something. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used adverbially.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΧΩΝ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ

G2274

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hay-SOH-meh-nos

Translations: being overcome, having been overcome, being defeated, having been defeated, being inferior, having been made inferior

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been overcome' or 'having been defeated'. It describes a state of being conquered or made inferior. It is often used to indicate that someone or something has yielded to a greater force or influence, or has been found to be less than another in some quality.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΗΤΤΑΟΜΑΙ, ΝΙΚΑΩ

Etymology: From ἥσσων (hēssōn), meaning 'inferior, weaker'. The verb means to be or become inferior, to be overcome.

G3761

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OOD

Translations: not, no, nor, neither, not even

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It is often used in combination with other negative words to strengthen the negation, such as in the phrase "οὐ μή" (ou mē), which conveys a strong, emphatic negation, often translated as "never" or "by no means." It can also function as a conjunction meaning "nor" or "neither," connecting two negative clauses or ideas.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou) and the particle δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'. It emphasizes the negation.

G1893

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.

G2036

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ee-RAY-koh-toss

Translations: of having said, of having spoken, of one who has said, of one who has spoken

Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the perfect active participle of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes someone or something that has completed the action of speaking or saying something. It is often used to refer to 'one who has said' or 'of what has been said'.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΟΝΤΟΣ, ΦΩΝΟΥΝΤΟΣ

G0396

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-nah-TOO-psah-meh-nos

Translations: having struck, having struck back, having beaten, having beaten back, having hit, having hit back

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anatuptō', meaning 'to strike back' or 'to beat back'. It describes an action that has been completed by the subject, indicating that they have performed the act of striking or beating in return. It can be used to describe someone who has retaliated physically.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΚΡΟΥΩ, ΑΝΤΙΠΛΗΤΤΩ

G2539

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: KAI-per

Translations: although, though, even though, even if, notwithstanding

Notes: This word is a compound particle used to introduce a concessive clause, meaning 'although' or 'even though'. It indicates that something is true despite a contrary condition or circumstance. It often appears with a participle, expressing a concession.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ ΚΑΙ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: ΚΑΙΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the conjunction ΚΑΙ (kai), meaning 'and' or 'even', and the particle ΠΕΡ (per), which is an intensive particle. Together, they form a strong concessive meaning.

G5306

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: HOO-sta-toh

Translations: to the last, to the latest, to the uttermost, to the final, to the extreme, to the lowest

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'last', 'latest', 'final', 'uttermost', or 'extreme'. It is used to describe something that is at the very end of a sequence, time, or extent. In its dative form, as seen here, it typically indicates the recipient or the circumstance to which something is directed, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΣΧΑΤΟΣ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΟΣ

G0043

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ang-KOH-na

Translations: an elbow, an arm, an armrest, a corner, a bend

Notes: This word refers to a bend, particularly the bend of the arm, hence an elbow. It can also refer to the entire arm, or an armrest on a chair or throne. In a more general sense, it can denote any corner or bend.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΑΧΙΩΝ, ΓΩΝΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἈΓΚΩΝ (ankōn) is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'bend' or 'corner'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that refer to angles or joints.

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Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: peh-ree-AH-ras

Translations: unknown

Notes: The word "ΠΕΡΙΑΡΑΣ" does not appear to be a standard or recognized word in Koine Greek. It is highly probable that this is a misspelling or a garbled form of another word. It might be a compound word, possibly combining the prefix "περί" (peri), meaning "around" or "about," with a form of the verb "αἴρω" (airō), meaning "to lift," "to take up," or "to remove." However, no such compound form is attested. Without further context or correction, its meaning remains unclear.

Inflection: Unknown

G3992

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: PEM-psas

Translations: having sent, one who sent, he who sent, when he had sent

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'πέμπω' (pempō), meaning 'to send'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that occurred prior to the main verb. It can be translated as 'having sent' or 'one who sent', indicating the person or thing that performed the action of sending.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G5100

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G1391

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: doh-roo-foh-RON

Translations: of a bodyguard, of bodyguards, of a spear-bearer, of spear-bearers

Notes: This word is a compound noun, meaning 'spear-bearer' or 'bodyguard'. It refers to someone who carries a spear, often in a protective or military capacity, serving as a personal guard or attendant to a king or important person. In the provided examples, it is used in the genitive plural, indicating possession or association, such as 'of the bodyguards'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΦΡΟΥΡΟΣ, ΣΩΜΑΤΟΦΥΛΑΞ

Etymology: The word ΔΟΡΥΦΟΡΟΣ is a compound of two Greek words: δόρυ (dory), meaning 'spear', and φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. Thus, it literally means 'spear-bearer'.

G3367

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G0328

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-bo-LAS

Translations: delay, a delay, postponement, a postponement

Notes: This word refers to a delay or postponement. It is often used in the context of putting off an action or decision until a later time. For example, one might say 'without delay' or 'with no postponement'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΒΟΛΗ, ΒΡΑΔΥΤΗΣ, ΜΕΛΛΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: From ἀναβάλλω (anabállō, “to throw up, put off”), from ἀνά (aná, “up”) + βάλλω (bállō, “to throw”). It literally means a 'throwing up' or 'putting off'.

G0243

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Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G2892

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: KTEI-nah-sin

Translations: (to) those who killed, (to) those who have killed, (to) killers

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'κτείνω' (kteinō), meaning 'to kill'. As an aorist active participle, it describes an action of killing that has already occurred, performed by the subject. The dative plural form indicates that the action is directed towards or for 'those who killed' or 'the killers'. It functions like a noun in this context, referring to the group of people who performed the action of killing.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word κτείνω (kteinō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *kten-, meaning 'to kill, to strike'.

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: heer-kah-NEE-ah

Translations: Hyrcania

Notes: Hyrcania was an ancient region located southeast of the Caspian Sea, in what is now modern-day Iran and Turkmenistan. It was known for its fertile lands and strategic location, often serving as a buffer zone between various empires. The name is derived from the Greek word for 'wolf', suggesting the region may have been known for its wolf population.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The name 'Hyrcania' is of Greek origin, derived from the word 'Hyrcan' (Υρκανός), which itself is thought to be related to the Old Persian 'Varkâna', meaning 'wolf-land' or 'land of wolves'.

G0775

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-SEE-moos

Translations: insignificant, ignoble, obscure, unknown, a nobody, a person of no account

Notes: This word describes something or someone as being without mark, sign, or distinction, thus making them insignificant, ignoble, or obscure. It can refer to people of low birth or status, or things that are not noteworthy. It is often used to describe those who are not well-known or lack prominence.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΕΝΗΣ, ΑΔΟΞΟΣ, ΑΦΑΝΗΣ

Etymology: The word ἄσημος (asēmos) is a compound word formed from the privative prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and σῆμα (sēma), meaning 'sign' or 'mark'. Thus, it literally means 'without a sign' or 'unmarked'.

G4160

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-EE-sthai

Translations: to make, to do, to create, to produce, to perform, to cause, to bring about, to appoint, to observe, to celebrate

Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō). It generally means 'to make' or 'to do', but in the middle voice, it often implies 'to make for oneself' or 'to do for oneself', or 'to cause to be done'. It can also be used idiomatically in various contexts, such as 'to perform' an action, 'to celebrate' a festival, or 'to appoint' someone. It is a very common and versatile verb in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

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Book 17, Chapter 7

Interlinear version from Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews (Beta)

7:182

7:183

7:184

7:185

7:186

7:187

This interlinear database is in beta