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John, Chapter 2
Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hay-MEH-rah
Translations: day, a day, time, a time, period, a period
Notes: This word refers to a day, which can mean either a 24-hour period or the daylight portion of a day, as opposed to night. It can also be used more broadly to refer to a specific time, season, or period. It is commonly used to mark the passage of time or to refer to a particular point in time.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'warm' or 'hot', referring to the warmth of the day.
G5154
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Numeral
Sounds like: TREE-tay
Translations: third, a third, the third
Notes: This word is an ordinal number meaning 'third'. It is used to indicate position in a sequence, such as 'the third day' or 'the third person'. It functions as an adjective, modifying a noun, and agrees with it in gender, number, and case.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: The word ΤΡΙΤΟΣ (tritos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *trei- meaning 'three'.
G1062
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAH-mos
Translations: marriage, wedding, wedding feast, a marriage, a wedding, a wedding feast
Notes: This word refers to the institution of marriage, a wedding ceremony, or the celebratory feast associated with a wedding. It is a masculine noun and is used to describe the union of a man and a woman, or the event where such a union is celebrated.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΑΜΟΙ
Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *gem- meaning 'to marry'. It refers to the act or state of marriage.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-GEH-neh-toh
Translations: it became, it happened, it came to pass, there was, it was
Notes: This is the third person singular, aorist indicative, middle voice form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies something coming into existence, happening, or becoming. It is very commonly used in narratives to introduce new events or states, often translated as 'it came to pass' or 'there was'.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EN
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.
G2580
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KAH-nah
Translations: Cana
Notes: Cana is a proper noun referring to a town in Galilee, mentioned in the New Testament as the site of Jesus' first miracle, where he turned water into wine. It is also the hometown of Nathanael. It is used as a geographical reference.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative
Etymology: The name 'Cana' is of Aramaic origin, possibly meaning 'place of reeds' or 'zeal'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G1056
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: gah-li-LAI-as
Translations: of Galilee
Notes: Galilee is a region in northern ancient Israel, known for its fertile land and significant role in the New Testament as the primary area where Jesus lived and carried out much of his ministry. It was a diverse region, home to both Jews and Gentiles.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G2258
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EEN
Translations: was, were, it was, he was, she was
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί), specifically the imperfect indicative. It describes a continuous or repeated action in the past, often translated as 'was' or 'were'. The apostrophe (coronis) indicates an elision, meaning the final vowel of the original word (ἦν) has been dropped, likely before another word starting with a vowel.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Active
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G3384
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MAY-tair
Translations: mother, a mother
Notes: This word refers to a female parent, a mother. It is a common noun used to denote the woman who has given birth to or raised a child. It can be used in various contexts to refer to a biological mother, an adoptive mother, or even a metaphorical mother figure.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'mother'. It is a widely attested word across various Indo-European languages.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2424
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-ay-SOO
Translations: of Jesus
Notes: This word is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ἸΗΣΟΥ (Iesou), which is the genitive form of the name Jesus. It refers to Jesus Christ, the central figure of Christianity. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession or relationship, often translated as 'of Jesus' or 'Jesus''.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G1563
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-KEH-ee
Translations: there, in that place, to that place
Notes: This word is an adverb of place, meaning 'there' or 'in that place'. It indicates a location distinct from the speaker's current position. It can also imply movement 'to that place'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΝΘΑΔΕ, ΕΝΤΑΥΘΑ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ἐκεῖνος (ekeinos), meaning 'that one'.
G2564
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-LEE-thay
Translations: was called, was named, has been called, has been named
Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative third person singular form of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to name'. It indicates an action that happened in the past and was completed, where the subject was the recipient of the action. For example, 'he was called' or 'it was named'.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2424
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-ay-SOOS
Translations: Jesus
Notes: This word is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for ἸΗΣΟΥΣ (Iesous), meaning 'Jesus'. It refers to Jesus of Nazareth, the central figure of Christianity. It is used as the subject of a sentence or when directly naming Jesus.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name 'Jesus' is the Greek form of the Hebrew name 'Yeshua' (Joshua), meaning 'Yahweh is salvation' or 'Yahweh saves'. It was a common name in the first century.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G3101
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mah-thay-TAI
Translations: disciples, students, learners
Notes: This word refers to disciples, students, or learners. In the New Testament, it commonly refers to the followers of Jesus, who are learning from his teachings and example. It can also be used more broadly to describe anyone who is a pupil or adherent of a particular teacher or philosophy.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΘΟΝΤΕΣ, ΜΑΘΗΤΕΥΟΜΕΝΟΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: of him, of it, his, its, of himself, of itself, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun, a possessive pronoun, or an intensive/reflexive pronoun. In the genitive case, as seen here, it typically means 'of him' or 'of it' when referring to a third person, or 'his' or 'its' to indicate possession. It can also be used for emphasis, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', especially when preceding the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G1062
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAH-mon
Translations: marriage, a marriage, wedding, a wedding, wedding feast, a wedding feast
Notes: This word refers to a marriage, a wedding ceremony, or a wedding feast. It is the accusative singular form of the noun 'γάμος' (gamos). It is used to describe the institution of marriage or the celebratory event of a wedding.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΝΥΜΦΩΝ, ΓΑΜΟΙ
G5302
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoos-teh-RAY-san-tos
Translations: (of) having been deficient, (of) having fallen short, (of) having lacked, (of) having been behind, (of) having been inferior
Notes: This word is the genitive masculine or neuter singular form of the aorist active participle of the verb 'hystereo'. It describes someone or something that has experienced a deficiency, fallen short of a standard, or been in a state of lack or inferiority. It often implies a failure to meet an expectation or a state of being behind.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΛΑΤΤΟΩ, ΕΛΛΕΙΠΩ
G3631
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OY-noo
Translations: of wine, of a wine
Notes: This word refers to 'wine', a fermented beverage made from grapes. It is commonly used in ancient texts to denote the drink itself, often in contexts of meals, celebrations, or religious rituals. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or origin, such as 'the taste of wine' or 'a jar of wine'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G0138
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-LES-thay
Translations: was chosen, was taken, was preferred, was elected
Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'αἱρέω' (haireō), meaning 'to take,' 'to choose,' or 'to prefer.' In this passive form, it indicates that something or someone 'was chosen,' 'was taken,' or 'was preferred.' It describes an action completed in the past where the subject was the recipient of the action.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΛΕΓΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G3631
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OY-nos
Translations: wine, a wine
Notes: This word refers to wine, the fermented juice of grapes. It is commonly used in ancient Greek texts to denote the beverage itself, often consumed at meals, festivals, or religious ceremonies. It can also refer to the grape vine from which wine is made. In various contexts, it might symbolize joy, abundance, or even intoxication.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΛΕΥΚΟΣ, ΑΜΠΕΛΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'οἶνος' (oinos) is of Pre-Greek origin, meaning it existed in the region before the arrival of the Proto-Greek speakers. It is a very ancient term for wine, found across various Indo-European languages, suggesting a shared cultural concept of wine-making from early times.
G1062
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ga-MOO
Translations: of marriage, of a marriage, of a wedding, of a wedding feast
Notes: This word refers to a marriage, a wedding, or a wedding feast. It is often used in contexts describing events or customs related to a marriage ceremony or celebration. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΝΥΜΦΩΝ, ΓΑΜΟΙ
G1899
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: EYE-tah
Translations: then, next, afterwards, thereupon
Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate sequence in time or order, meaning 'then' or 'next'. It can also denote a consequence or result, meaning 'afterwards' or 'thereupon'. It is often used to introduce the next step in a series of events or a logical progression.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑΓΕ, ΕΙΤΟΥΝ
Etymology: This word is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) or from a root meaning 'to go'.
G3631
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OY-non
Translations: wine, a wine
Notes: This word refers to wine, an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes. It is commonly used in ancient texts to describe the drink itself, often in contexts of meals, celebrations, or religious rituals.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Etymology: The word ΟΙΝΟΣ (oinos) is of pre-Greek origin, possibly from a Mediterranean substrate language, and is related to words for wine in other Indo-European languages.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-khon
Translations: they had, they were having, they possessed
Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing, continuous, or repeated action in the past. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'they were having a feast' or 'they possessed many lands'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΧΟΜΑΙ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G4931
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-teh-LEH-sthee
Translations: it was completed, it was finished, it was brought to an end, it was fulfilled
Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'συντελέω'. It means 'to be completed,' 'to be finished,' 'to be brought to an end,' or 'to be fulfilled.' It describes an action that was brought to a definitive conclusion in the past, often implying a finality or accomplishment.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΕΡΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΤΕΛΕΩ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-ghei
Translations: says, speaks, he says, he speaks, she says, she speaks, it says, it speaks
Notes: This is a common Koine Greek verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is frequently used to introduce direct quotes or to state what someone (or something) is declaring. It is often translated as 'he says' or 'the Lord says' in biblical contexts.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same
Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is, exists
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It indicates existence, identity, or a state of being. It is commonly used to link a subject to a predicate, describing what the subject is or what state it is in. For example, it can mean 'he is' or 'it is', depending on the context.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no, neither, nor
Notes: This word is a negative particle, meaning 'not' or 'no'. The apostrophe (coronis) indicates an elision, meaning a final vowel has been dropped. The full form is typically 'οὐ' (ou) before a consonant, 'οὐκ' (ouk) before a vowel with a smooth breathing, and 'οὐχ' (ouch) before a vowel with a rough breathing. It is used to negate verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, indicating a factual negation. For example, 'οὐκ ἔστιν' means 'it is not'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (particle)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΥΔΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ud- (not, out).
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-oo-sin
Translations: they have, they hold, they possess, they are
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to have,' 'to hold,' or 'to possess.' It can also be used in a broader sense to mean 'to be' or 'to be in a certain state,' often implying possession of a quality or condition. For example, it can describe someone having a disease or a particular characteristic. It is commonly used to indicate ownership or a state of being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΙΜΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OW-tay
Translations: she, her, it, this, that, the same
Notes: This word is a pronoun, specifically the feminine nominative singular form of 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'she', 'her', or 'it', or as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. When used intensively, it can mean 'the same' or 'herself'. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it refers to.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΗ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G1698
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me, (by) me, (with) me
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the first-person pronoun 'I'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to me' or 'for me'. It can also express possession, advantage, or the agent in certain constructions, often translated as 'by me' or 'with me'. Its precise meaning depends on the context of the verb or preposition it accompanies.
Inflection: Dative, Singular, First Person
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SOY
Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you
Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.
G1135
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: goo-NAI
Translations: woman, a woman, wife, a wife, lady, a lady
Notes: This word refers to a woman, a female adult human being. It can also specifically mean a wife or a lady. It is used in various contexts to refer to women in general, or to a specific woman in relation to a man (as a wife).
Inflection: Vocative, Singular, Feminine
G3768
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-poh
Translations: not yet, not yet now, not even yet
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'not yet'. It is used to indicate that something has not happened or is not true at the present time, but implies that it might happen or become true in the future. It can be used to modify verbs or entire clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΠΩ, ΟΥΔΕΠΩΠΟΤΕ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, 'not') and the adverb ΠΩ (pō, 'yet, up to this time').
G2240
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: HEE-kay
Translations: comes, has come, is present, is here, arrives
Notes: This word means 'to come' or 'to arrive'. It is used to indicate that someone or something has reached a particular place or time, or that an event is present or imminent. It often implies a state of having arrived and being present.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ΦΘΑΝΩ
G5610
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OH-rah
Translations: hour, an hour, time, season, moment
Notes: This word refers to a specific period of time, which can be an hour, a particular time of day, a season, or a crucial moment. It is often used to denote a fixed or appointed time, such as 'the hour has come' for an event to occur. It can also refer to a specific season of the year.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'year, season'. It refers to a limited period of time, a season, or a specific hour.
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G3384
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MEE-tare
Translations: mother, a mother
Notes: This word refers to a female parent. In ancient Greek, it is commonly used to denote a biological mother, but can also be used metaphorically for a source or origin. The apostrophe at the end (keraia) indicates that this word is being used as a numeral, representing the number 400. However, given the context of the example usage, it is much more likely that the apostrophe is a coronis, indicating an elision, meaning the word was originally ΜΗΤΗΡ followed by a vowel that has been dropped. In this case, it functions as the nominative singular form of 'mother'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative (or potentially Vocative), Feminine. The apostrophe indicates either a numeral (400) or an elision of a following vowel.
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΗΤΡΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word found across many Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1249
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-ah-KO-noys
Translations: (to) servants, (to) ministers, (to) deacons
Notes: This word refers to servants, ministers, or deacons. It describes someone who performs service, either in a general sense or specifically in a religious or official capacity. In the New Testament, it often refers to those who serve the church, sometimes in an official role as a deacon. It is a compound word, formed from διά (dia, "through") and κόνις (konis, "dust"), originally referring to one who raises dust by running errands.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΟΙ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΑΙ, ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΟΙ
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AN
Translations: if, perhaps, whatever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, as soon as, until, before
Notes: This word is a conditional particle used to express possibility, contingency, or indefiniteness. It is often used with the subjunctive mood to form conditional clauses, indicating that an action or state is dependent on a certain condition. It can also be combined with other words to form indefinite relative pronouns or adverbs, such as 'whoever', 'whatever', or 'whenever'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΟΤΑΝ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The particle 'an' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en- meaning 'on, at'. It is an ancient Greek particle that has been used since classical times.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-ghee
Translations: he may say, he may speak, he may tell
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to express an action of verbal communication. In this form, it indicates a potential or desired action, often translated as 'he may say' or 'he may speak'.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present, Subjunctive, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G5213
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MEE
Translations: (to) you, (for) you
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the second person plural pronoun, meaning 'you'. Specifically, it is the dative case, indicating the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action. It can be translated as 'to you' or 'for you' depending on the context. It is used when 'you' are the beneficiary or the one to whom something is given or done.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-AY-sah-teh
Translations: do, make, create, perform, you all do, you all make, you all create, you all perform
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to do, make, create, or perform. It is used to command or instruct a group of people to carry out an action. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'Do this!' or 'Make peace!'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AY-sahn
Translations: they were, they had been
Notes: ΗΣΑΝ is an inflected form of the verb 'ΕΙΜΙ' (eimi), meaning 'to be'. Specifically, it is the third person plural imperfect indicative form. It describes an ongoing or continuous state or action in the past, often translated as 'they were' or 'they used to be'. It is commonly used to describe the state or existence of multiple subjects in a past context.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative
Etymology: The Koine Greek verb ΕΙΜΙ (eimi) derives from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental and frequently used verbs in the language, indicating existence, state, or identity.
G3035
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: LI-thi-nai
Translations: stone, made of stone, stony
Notes: This word describes something that is made of stone or has the quality of stone. It is used to indicate the material composition of an object, such as 'stone tablets' or 'stone altars'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΤΡΙΝΟΣ
G5207
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-DREE-ai
Translations: water-pots, water jars, pitchers
Notes: This word refers to large containers or jars used for holding and carrying water. They were commonly used in ancient times for domestic purposes, such as drawing water from a well or storing it in a home.
Inflection: Nominative or Vocative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΓΓΕΙΟΝ, ΣΚΕΥΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΥΔΡΙΑ (hydria) comes from ὕδωρ (hydor), meaning 'water'. It refers to a vessel specifically designed for water.
G1803, G1537
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Part of Speech: Numeral, Preposition
Sounds like: EX
Translations: six, out of, from, away from, by, of
Notes: This word, 'ΕΞʼ', can have two primary meanings in Koine Greek due to the lack of diacritics in ancient manuscripts. Most commonly, it represents the numeral 'six'. In this context, it functions as a cardinal number. However, the apostrophe-like mark (keraia or coronis) at the end can also indicate an elision, meaning the word is a shortened form of the preposition 'ΕΚ' (ek) or 'ΕΞ' (ex) which means 'out of' or 'from'. This preposition is always followed by a genitive case noun, indicating origin, source, or separation. The context of the sentence is crucial for determining the correct meaning.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a numeral); Preposition (requires genitive case)
Etymology: The numeral 'ΕΞ' (six) derives from Proto-Indo-European. The preposition 'ΕΞ' (out of) also has Proto-Indo-European roots, related to concepts of 'out' or 'away'.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G2512
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-thah-rees-MON
Translations: cleansing, purification, a cleansing, a purification
Notes: This word refers to the act or process of making something clean, pure, or free from defilement. It is often used in a religious or ceremonial context, referring to ritual purification or moral cleansing.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΝΙΣΜΟΣ, ΚΑΘΑΡΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: From the verb καθαρίζω (katharizō, "to cleanse, purify"), which comes from καθαρός (katharos, "clean, pure").
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G2453
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-ohn
Translations: of Jews, of the Jews
Notes: This word refers to people from Judea, or more broadly, to those who are followers of Judaism. It is used to describe the Jewish people collectively.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ
G2749
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KEE-meh-nai
Translations: to be laid, to lie, to be placed, to be set, to be appointed, to be destined
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'κειμαι' (keimai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to be laid'. It describes something being in a state of rest or being positioned. It can also refer to something being appointed or destined.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΚΕΙΜΑΙ
G5562
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: kho-ROO-sai
Translations: containing, holding, having room for, receiving
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'chōreō', meaning 'to make room, to go, to advance, to contain, to hold, to receive'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action or state, functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this form, it describes something that is currently containing or holding something else, or that has the capacity to do so.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural, Present, Active Participle
Synonyms: ΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word 'chōreō' comes from 'chōros' (G5561), meaning 'a place, space, region'. The verb thus signifies 'to make room' or 'to have room'.
G0303
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Prefix
Sounds like: AH-nah
Translations: up, upward, among, through, each, by, again, back, a, an
Notes: ΑΝΑ is a versatile word that can function as a preposition, an adverb, or a prefix in compound words. As a preposition, it typically takes the accusative case and signifies movement upwards, distribution (each, by), or repetition (again, back). As an adverb, it can mean 'up' or 'upwards'. When used as a prefix, it often conveys ideas of upward movement, reversal, repetition, or distribution.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΚΑΤΑ, ΠΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- 'on, upon'. It is cognate with English 'on' and 'up'.
G3355
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: meh-TRAY-tass
Translations: firkins, a firkin, measures, a measure
Notes: This word refers to a liquid measure, specifically a firkin, which was a unit of volume used in ancient times, roughly equivalent to 8-9 gallons (around 32-40 liters). It is used to quantify liquids, similar to how one might use 'gallons' or 'liters' today.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΡΟΝ, ΧΟΙΝΙΞ
G1417
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEE-oh
Translations: two
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'two'. It is used to indicate a quantity of two of something. It is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'two'.
G5140
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: TREES
Translations: three
Notes: ΤΡΕΙΣ is the cardinal number 'three'. It is used to denote a quantity of three units. As a declinable numeral, its form changes according to the gender and case of the noun it modifies. This specific form, ΤΡΕΙΣ, is used for masculine and feminine nouns in the nominative and accusative plural cases.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'three'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (for) them, (to) themselves, (for) themselves
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). It can mean 'to them' or 'for them' when referring to a third person plural, or 'to themselves' or 'for themselves' when used reflexively. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action, and can apply to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G1072
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-mee-SAH-teh
Translations: fill, fill up
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to fill' or 'to fill up'. It is used as a command or instruction to cause something to become full. For example, one might say 'fill the jar' or 'fill the baskets'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΕΜΠΙΠΛΗΜΙ
Etymology: From γέμω (gemō, "to be full").
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G5207
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-DREE-as
Translations: waterpot, water jar, a waterpot, a water jar
Notes: This word refers to a waterpot or water jar, typically a vessel used for carrying or storing water. It is a common household item in ancient times and is often mentioned in contexts related to drawing water from a well or spring, or for holding water for various purposes.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΓΓΕΙΟΝ, ΣΚΕΥΟΣ
G5204
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-DAH-tos
Translations: of water
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'water'. It refers to the liquid substance essential for life. In a sentence, it indicates possession, origin, or relation, often translated as 'of water' or 'belonging to water'. For example, 'a cup of water' or 'the thirst of water'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
G1072
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-GEH-mee-san
Translations: they filled, they were filled, they filled up, they were filled up
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to fill' or 'to fill up'. It is used to describe the action of making something full or becoming full. It can be used transitively (they filled something) or intransitively (they became full).
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΠΛΗΘΥΝΩ
Etymology: The verb ΓΕΜΙΖΩ (gemizo) is derived from the noun ΓΕΜΟΣ (gemos), meaning 'a load' or 'a burden'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TAS
Translations: them, these, those, her, it, the same
Notes: This word is a pronoun that can mean 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' (intensive), 'he, she, it, they' (personal pronoun, often emphatic), or 'the same' (demonstrative). In this specific inflected form, it is the accusative plural feminine, meaning it refers to multiple feminine objects or persons as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can be translated as 'them' (feminine), 'these' (feminine), or 'those' (feminine).
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
G2193
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: EH-ohs
Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ
Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.
G0507
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AH-noh
Translations: up, above, upward, on high, heaven, to heaven
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'up' or 'above'. It is used to indicate direction towards a higher place or position, or to refer to a location that is physically or metaphorically higher. It can also refer to the heavens or a heavenly realm. It is often used in contrast with words meaning 'down' or 'below'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΑΝΩ, ΥΠΕΡ
Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'up' or 'over'. It is related to the preposition 'ana' (ἀνά), which also conveys a sense of upward movement or distribution.
G0500
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ant-LEE-sah-teh
Translations: draw, draw out, draw up
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to draw' or 'to draw out', typically referring to drawing water from a well or cistern. It implies the action of bringing something up from a depth. It is often used in the context of obtaining water for drinking or other purposes.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΛΩ
G3568
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: NOON
Translations: now, at present, at this time
Notes: ΝΥΝ is an adverb meaning 'now' or 'at present'. It refers to the current moment in time. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a conclusion in a discourse, indicating a shift to the present situation or a logical consequence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙ, ΗΔΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now'. It is cognate with Latin nunc and English 'now'.
G5342
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: FEH-reh-teh
Translations: bring, carry, bear, you bring, you carry, you bear, bring!, carry!, bear!
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to bring, carry, or bear. It can be used in various contexts, such as physically moving an object, enduring something, or producing fruit. It can function as an indicative verb (e.g., 'you bring') or as an imperative command (e.g., 'bring!').
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Second Person Plural OR Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G0755
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-khee-TRIK-lee-noh
Translations: master of the feast, chief steward, a master of the feast
Notes: This is a compound word derived from 'ΑΡΧΙ' (chief) and 'ΤΡΙΚΛΙΝΟΣ' (dining room or banqueting hall). It refers to the person in charge of a banquet or feast, often responsible for the arrangements, service, and general order of the event. They would oversee the servants and ensure everything ran smoothly, including the quality of the food and drink. It's used to describe a high-ranking servant or official in a household, particularly during large gatherings.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek prefix ΑΡΧΙ- (archi-), meaning 'chief' or 'first', and ΤΡΙΚΛΙΝΟΣ (triklinos), referring to a dining room, specifically one with three couches for reclining at meals. Thus, it literally means 'chief of the dining room'.
G5342
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-neng-KAN
Translations: they brought, they carried, they bore
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'pherō', meaning 'to bring', 'to carry', or 'to bear'. It describes a completed action in the past performed by a group of people ('they'). For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'they brought the gifts'.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G1089
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-GEV-sa-toh
Translations: he tasted, he did taste, he experienced
Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist indicative, middle voice form of the verb 'γεύομαι' (geuomai). It means 'he tasted' or 'he experienced'. In Koine Greek, the aorist tense often describes a simple, completed action in the past, without emphasizing duration. The middle voice indicates that the subject is performing the action for themselves or on themselves, or that they are personally involved in the action. It can be used literally, as in tasting food, or metaphorically, as in experiencing something.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: Unknown
Translations: unknown
Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a garbled form of a Koine Greek word. It does not correspond to any known or attested word in ancient Greek lexicons or texts. It is possible it is a very rare or highly specialized term, or a transcription error.
Inflection: Unknown
G0755
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-khee-TRIK-lee-nos
Translations: master of the banquet, steward, ruler of the feast, a master of the banquet
Notes: This is a compound word derived from 'ΑΡΧΩΝ' (ruler, chief) and 'ΤΡΙΚΛΙΝΟΝ' (a dining room with three couches). It refers to the person in charge of a banquet or feast, responsible for its organization, the seating of guests, and the serving of food and drink. This individual was typically a trusted servant or a friend of the host, ensuring everything ran smoothly.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: From the Greek words 'ΑΡΧΩΝ' (archon), meaning 'chief' or 'ruler', and 'ΤΡΙΚΛΙΝΟΝ' (triklinon), meaning 'dining room' (literally 'three couches'). It describes the person who presides over a banquet.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G5204
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OO-dor
Translations: water, a water
Notes: This word refers to water, the essential liquid substance. It can be used to denote drinking water, a body of water like a river or sea, or even metaphorically in a spiritual sense. It is a common noun used in various contexts where water is present or implied.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for water in many other Indo-European languages.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: geh-geh-NEE-meh-non
Translations: having become, having been made, having come into being, that which has come into being, a thing that has come into being
Notes: This word is a perfect middle/passive participle, neuter singular, derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to come into being'. It describes something that has already happened or come into existence, emphasizing the completed state or result of an action. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or substantively, referring to 'that which has become' or 'a thing that has come into being'.
Inflection: Perfect, Middle or Passive Voice, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΠΕΦΥΚΟΣ
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-day
Translations: knew, was knowing
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'oida', meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. It is used to describe an action of knowing that was ongoing or habitual in the past. It can be translated as 'he/she/it knew' or 'he/she/it was knowing'.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G4226
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PO-then
Translations: from where, whence, from what source
Notes: This adverb is used to inquire about the origin, source, or place from which something comes. It can be translated as 'from where' or 'whence'. It is often used in interrogative sentences to ask about the starting point of an action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΟΙ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: From the pronominal stem *po- (related to interrogative pronouns) and the suffix -θεν indicating origin or source.
G1249
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-AH-koh-noy
Translations: servants, ministers, deacons
Notes: This word refers to those who serve, either generally as a servant or attendant, or specifically as a minister or deacon in a religious context. It describes someone who carries out the commands of another, often in a humble or subordinate role. It can be used to describe anyone who provides service or assistance.
Inflection: Nominative or Vocative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΟΙ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΑΙ, ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΟΙ
Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek prefix διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and the verb κονέω (koneō), meaning 'to raise dust' or 'to hasten'. This suggests the idea of someone who is busy or active in service, perhaps running errands or performing duties diligently.
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AY-day-san
Translations: they knew, they had known
Notes: This word is the third person plural pluperfect active indicative form of the verb 'oida', meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. It describes an action of knowing that was completed in the past before another past action. It indicates a state of having known something.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Pluperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G0495
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: ayn-TLEE-koh-tes
Translations: having drawn, those who have drawn
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, indicating an action completed in the past with continuing results. It describes someone or a group of people who have already performed the action of drawing, typically water. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can stand on its own as a substantive, meaning 'those who have drawn'.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative
G5455
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: foh-NEH-ee
Translations: he calls, she calls, it calls, he speaks, she speaks, it speaks, he sounds, she sounds, it sounds
Notes: This word means to utter a sound, to speak, or to call out. It is often used to describe the act of making a vocal sound, whether it's a human voice, an animal's cry, or the sound of an instrument. It can be used in contexts where someone is calling to another person, speaking a word, or making a sound.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΒΟΑΩ
Etymology: The word ΦΩΝΕΩ (phōneō) comes from the noun ΦΩΝΗ (phōnē), meaning 'sound' or 'voice'.
G3566
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NYM-fee-on
Translations: bridegroom, a bridegroom
Notes: This word refers to a bridegroom, the man who is about to be married or has just been married. It is used in contexts related to weddings and marriage. While the root form is an adjective meaning 'belonging to a bride', in its masculine form it commonly functions as a noun for 'bridegroom'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAS
Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole
Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AHN-throh-pohs
Translations: man, a man, human being, a human being, person, a person, mankind, humanity
Notes: This word refers to a human being, a person, or mankind in general. It is a common noun used to denote any individual of the human species, regardless of gender, though it is often translated as 'man' in a generic sense. It can be used to distinguish humans from God or from animals.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΤΙΣ
Etymology: The word "ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ" is of uncertain origin, but it is an ancient Greek term for a human being. Some theories suggest it may be related to words meaning "upward-looking" or "earth-faced."
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: PRO-ton
Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place
Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.
G2570
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kah-LON
Translations: good, beautiful, noble, right, fitting, a good thing, a beautiful thing
Notes: ΚΑΛΟΝ is the neuter singular form of the adjective ΚΑΛΟΣ. It describes something as good, beautiful, noble, excellent, or fitting. It can refer to moral goodness, aesthetic beauty, or practical suitability. It is often used to describe what is morally right or advantageous, or something that is beneficial.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΗΣ
G5087
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: TI-thay-sin
Translations: he places, she places, it places, he puts, she puts, it puts, he lays, she lays, it lays, he sets, she sets, it sets
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to place, put, lay, or set something. It is used to describe the action of physically positioning an object or person. It can also be used metaphorically to mean to appoint, establish, or ordain.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ
G3752
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OH-tan
Translations: when, whenever, as often as, at the time that
Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a temporal clause, indicating a point in time or a condition. It means 'when' or 'whenever,' suggesting that something happens at a specific moment or repeatedly under certain circumstances. It is often followed by the subjunctive mood in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΤΕ, ΗΝΙΚΑ
Etymology: From the conjunction ὅτε (hote, 'when') and the particle ἄν (an, indicating potential or contingency).
G3182
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-THOOS-thoh-see
Translations: they become drunk, they get drunk, they are drunk
Notes: This word describes the act of becoming intoxicated or drunk. It is used to indicate a state of being filled with wine or strong drink to the point of losing control or judgment. It can refer to a literal state of drunkenness or, in some contexts, a figurative state of being overwhelmed or infatuated.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΟΙΝΟΦΛΥΓΕΩ, ΜΕΘΥΩ
G5119
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: TOH-teh
Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).
G1640
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: eh-LAS-soh
Translations: less, smaller, a lesser, a smaller
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'less' or 'smaller'. It is used to describe something that is of a lesser degree, quantity, or size compared to something else. It functions as the comparative form of 'small'.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΙΚΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: Derived from the Koine Greek word 'ΕΛΑΧΥΣ' (elachys), meaning 'small' or 'least'. It is the comparative form of this root.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: you
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun meaning 'you' (singular). It is used when addressing a single person directly, typically as the subject of a sentence. It can also be used emphatically to highlight the person being addressed.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Second Person
Etymology: The word 'ΣΥ' is an ancient Greek pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been consistently used throughout various stages of the Greek language to refer to the second person singular.
G5083
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: te-TAY-ray-kas
Translations: you have kept, you have guarded, you have observed, you have preserved
Notes: This word is the second person singular, perfect active indicative form of the verb 'τηρέω' (tēreō). It means 'you have kept,' 'you have guarded,' 'you have observed,' or 'you have preserved.' The perfect tense indicates an action that was completed in the past but has ongoing results or a continuing state in the present. It describes a state of having kept or maintained something.
Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, 2nd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΕΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ
Etymology: The word 'τηρέω' (tēreō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'τέρας' (teras), meaning 'a sign, wonder,' or 'τηρός' (tēros), meaning 'a watcher.' It has been used since ancient Greek times to denote the act of watching over, guarding, or preserving.
G0737
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AR-tee
Translations: now, just now, presently, at this moment
Notes: This word is an adverb of time, meaning 'now' or 'just now'. It indicates something happening at the present moment or very recently. It is used to emphasize the immediacy or current state of an action or event.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΗΔΗ
Etymology: From a root meaning 'to fit, join, be ready'. It is related to words signifying readiness or preparedness, evolving to denote the present moment as a point of readiness or completion.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOW-teen
Translations: this, that, this one, that one
Notes: ΤΑΥΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥ͂ΤΟΣ. It is used to point out something specific, often something near the speaker or something that has just been mentioned. It functions like 'this' or 'that' in English, and as an accusative, it typically serves as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-POY-ee-sen
Translations: he made, he did, he performed, he created
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It describes an action that was completed in the past by a single subject. It can refer to the act of creating something, carrying out a task, or bringing something into existence.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G0746
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-KHEEN
Translations: beginning, rule, dominion, first place, a beginning, a rule, a dominion, a first place
Notes: This word refers to the beginning of something, the first in a series, or a position of authority and rule. It can denote the starting point in time or space, or the origin of a concept. It is also used to describe a ruler, a magistrate, or a principality. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, indicating the thing that is being begun, ruled, or held as a first place.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΗ, ΚΕΦΑΛΗ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
G4592
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: say-MEE-ohn
Translations: of a sign, of a mark, of a miracle, of a wonder, of a token, of an omen
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'σημεῖον' (sēmeion). It refers to something that serves as an indicator, a distinguishing mark, or a proof. In a broader sense, it can denote a miraculous event or a wonder, often used in the context of divine acts or portents. It is used to describe the source or origin of signs, miracles, or tokens.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΕΡΑΣ, ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-tayn
Translations: first, earliest, foremost, the first, the earliest, the foremost
Notes: This word describes something that is first in time, order, or importance. It can refer to the beginning of a series, the initial position, or the most prominent item. It is often used to indicate priority or precedence.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (forward, through).
G5319
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-fah-neh-ROH-sen
Translations: he manifested, he revealed, he made known, he appeared, he showed, he was revealed
Notes: This word describes the act of making something visible, known, or apparent. It is often used in a theological context to speak of God or Christ revealing themselves or divine truths. It can also refer to someone appearing or showing themselves. The form indicates a completed action in the past by a single subject.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ, ΔΕΙΣΚΝΥΜΙ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Article
Sounds like: TAYN
Translations: the
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΤΗΝ (TĒN), which is the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As an article, it always precedes the noun it modifies and agrees with it in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used with feminine singular nouns in the accusative case.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from a demonstrative pronoun in Proto-Indo-European. It evolved to function as a definite article, specifying nouns.
G1391
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOK-san
Translations: glory, a glory, splendor, honor, praise, dignity, reputation
Notes: This word refers to glory, splendor, or honor. It can describe the inherent majesty of God, the praise given to someone, or a person's reputation or dignity. It is often used in contexts of divine manifestation or human recognition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΗ, ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΕΥΚΛΕΙΑ
G4100
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-is-TEV-san
Translations: they believed, they trusted, they put their faith in
Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ' (pisteuō), meaning 'to believe' or 'to trust'. It describes an action of believing or entrusting that occurred in the past, typically a completed action. It is often used to express faith in a person or a divine being, or to indicate reliance on something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑΝ, ΠΕΙΘΟΜΑΙ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G2597
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ka-TE-bee
Translations: he went down, he descended
Notes: This word means 'he went down' or 'he descended'. It describes the action of moving from a higher place to a lower one. It is typically used in past tense contexts to indicate that someone or something completed the action of descending.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΒΑΙΝΩ is a compound of the prefix ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΒΑΙΝΩ (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'.
G2584
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: kah-far-NAH-oom
Translations: Capernaum
Notes: Capernaum was a significant city located on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee in ancient Israel. It is frequently mentioned in the New Testament as a center of Jesus' ministry, where he performed many miracles and taught extensively. It was also the home of several of his apostles.
Inflection: Singular, Does not inflect (as a proper noun)
Etymology: The name 'Capernaum' is derived from the Hebrew 'Kfar Nahum', meaning 'village of Nahum'. It is believed to be named after the prophet Nahum, though this is not definitively established.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOS
Translations: he, she, it, they, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very, a same, the same
Notes: This word functions as both a pronoun and an adjective. As a pronoun, it can mean 'he, she, it' (third person personal pronoun) or be used intensively to mean 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. When used as an adjective, it means 'the same' or 'the very'. Its meaning depends on its position and context within a sentence. For example, when used attributively with an article (e.g., ὁ αὐτὸς), it means 'the same'. When used predicatively or without an article, it often has an intensive meaning ('he himself').
Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Singular or Plural; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to- (self, same).
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FOY
Translations: brothers, fellow believers, countrymen, kinsmen
Notes: This word refers to brothers, either by blood or in a broader sense, such as fellow countrymen, kinsmen, or members of the same community or faith. It is a compound word formed from 'α-' (a-, meaning 'together' or 'same') and 'δελφύς' (delphys, meaning 'womb'), literally meaning 'from the same womb'. It is commonly used to address a group of male individuals who share a close bond or common origin.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΙ, ΣΥΓΓΕΝΕΙΣ, ΟΜΟΦΥΛΟΙ
G3306
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-MEE-nan
Translations: they remained, they abode, they waited, they endured
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'μένω' (menō), meaning 'to remain,' 'to abide,' 'to wait,' or 'to endure.' It describes an action that occurred in the past and was completed. It indicates that a group of people or things stayed in a particular place or state, or waited for something to happen, or persevered through a situation.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΟΙΚΕΩ, ΠΑΡΑΜΕΝΩ
G3756, G3757
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when
Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LAS
Translations: many, much, great
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many' or 'much', indicating a large quantity or number. It is used to describe nouns, agreeing with them in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used for feminine plural nouns in the accusative case.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΥΣ
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HEM-eh-ras
Translations: day, a day, of day, of a day, days
Notes: The word refers to a day, a period of 24 hours, or the daylight portion of a day. It is a feminine noun and can be used in various grammatical cases to indicate different relationships in a sentence. For example, it can denote a duration of time (e.g., 'three days') or a point in time (e.g., 'on that day').
Inflection: Feminine, Genitive Singular or Accusative Plural
G1451
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: ENG-goos
Translations: near, nigh, at hand, close, ready, almost, of near
Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'at hand', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used as a preposition with the genitive case, meaning 'near to' or 'close to' something. For example, it might describe a person being physically close to a place, or an event being imminent. It can also convey the sense of 'almost' or 'ready'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); functions as a preposition with the genitive case.
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΕΓΓΥΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁en- meaning 'in' or 'on'. It has been used in Greek since ancient times to denote proximity.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ANE
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was, I was
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to describe a state of being or existence in the past, often indicating a continuous or repeated action or condition. For example, it can mean 'he was' or 'it was'.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, 1st or 3rd person singular
G3957
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: PAS-kha
Translations: Passover
Notes: This word refers to the Jewish festival of Passover, which commemorates the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in ancient Egypt. It is a central event in the Old Testament and is observed annually. In the New Testament, it is often associated with the sacrifice of Jesus Christ.
Inflection: Does not inflect (indeclinable)
Etymology: The word "ΠΑΣΧΑ" is a transliteration of the Aramaic word "pasḥā" (פַּסְחָא), which itself comes from the Hebrew word "pesaḥ" (פֶּסַח). This Hebrew word is derived from the verb "pasach" (פָּסַח), meaning "to pass over" or "to spare," referring to the angel of death passing over the houses of the Israelites during the tenth plague in Egypt.
G0305
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-NEH-bee
Translations: he went up, she went up, it went up, he ascended, she ascended, it ascended, he came up, she came up, it came up, he climbed, she climbed, it climbed
Notes: This word describes the action of going up, ascending, or climbing. It is a past tense form, specifically indicating a completed action in the past. It can be used to describe a person or thing moving upwards, such as ascending a mountain, going up to a city, or rising from a lower place.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, in, among, until, unto, a, one
Notes: This word is most commonly a preposition meaning 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or purpose. It can also function as a numeral meaning 'one' or 'a single one'. Its meaning can vary depending on the context, often indicating direction, purpose, or result. When used as a numeral, it refers to a single entity.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); Nominative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter, Singular (as a numeral)
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: The preposition ΕΙΣ (eis) comes from a primary preposition of direction. The numeral ΕΙΣ (heis) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The form ΙΣ is a common uncial spelling for both.
G2414
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-eh-roh-SO-loo-mah
Translations: Jerusalem
Notes: This word refers to Jerusalem, the capital city of ancient Judea and a significant religious center for Jews and Christians. It is often used in the context of travel to or from the city, or events that took place within it.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive (indeclinable in some contexts), Feminine
Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely derived from 'Urusalim', meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It has been known by various names throughout history.
G2147
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EU-reh
Translations: he found, she found, it found
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to find', 'to discover', or 'to obtain'. It is used to describe the act of locating something or someone, or coming across something unexpectedly. It can also imply the act of acquiring or achieving something. For example, one might 'find' a lost item or 'find' favor with someone.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G2413, G2411
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ee-eh-ROH
Translations: holy, sacred, temple, a temple, sacred place, a sacred place, (to) a temple, (to) a sacred place
Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'holy' or 'sacred', or as a noun meaning 'temple' or 'sacred place'. When used as a noun, it refers to a sacred building or area, often specifically the Temple in Jerusalem. As an adjective, it describes something set apart for God or dedicated to religious purposes. In the provided form, it is in the dative case, indicating 'to' or 'for' a holy thing or place.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἱερός (hieros) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to sacrifice, to consecrate'. It is related to words signifying 'sacred' or 'holy' in various Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G4453
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poh-LOON-tas
Translations: selling, those selling, who sell
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'selling' or 'those who are selling'. It describes an ongoing action of selling and functions like an adjective or a noun, often referring to the people performing the action. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He saw those selling animals in the temple.'
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ
Etymology: The word 'πωλέω' (pōleō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'πέλω' (pelō), meaning 'to be in motion' or 'to be'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G4263
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-BAH-tah
Translations: sheep
Notes: This word refers to sheep, which are common domesticated animals. In biblical contexts, sheep are often used metaphorically to represent people, especially followers or those under the care of a shepherd.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From the verb προβαίνω (probainō, 'to go forward'), referring to animals that walk forward, especially livestock. It literally means 'that which walks forward'.
G1016
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: boh-AS
Translations: oxen, cattle
Notes: This word refers to bovine animals, such as oxen or cattle. It is used to denote a group of these animals, often in the context of livestock or possessions.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΤΗΝΗ
Etymology: The word comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for cattle in other Indo-European languages.
G4058
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: peh-ris-TEH-ras
Translations: of a dove, of doves
Notes: This word refers to a dove or pigeon. It is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of a dove' or 'of doves'. It is commonly found in contexts describing the characteristics or actions associated with doves, such as their wings or their symbolic meaning.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The word "peristera" is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or Semitic in origin, referring to the bird known as a dove or pigeon.
G2777
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ker-ma-tis-TAS
Translations: money-changer, a money-changer
Notes: This word refers to a money-changer, someone who exchanges foreign currency for local currency, often for a fee. In the context of the temple, they would exchange various currencies brought by pilgrims into the specific coinage required for temple offerings or taxes. It is used to describe individuals performing this financial service.
Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΟΛΛΥΒΙΣΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΕΡΜΑΤΙΣΤΗΣ is derived from the Greek word ΚΕΡΜΑ (kerma), meaning 'small coin' or 'change', and the suffix -ιστης (-istes), which denotes a person who performs an action related to the root word.
G2521
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-thay-MEH-noos
Translations: sitting, those sitting, a sitting one
Notes: This word is a present participle derived from the verb 'to sit'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of sitting. It can be used to refer to people who are seated, or to describe the state of being seated.
Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΘΙΖΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek κατά (katá, "down") + ἧμαι (hēmai, "to sit").
G4160
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: poy-AY-sas
Translations: having made, having done, making, doing, who made, who did
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed. It often translates as 'having made' or 'having done', indicating an action that occurred prior to or concurrently with the main verb of the sentence. It can also be translated as 'making' or 'doing' in certain contexts, or as a relative clause like 'who made' or 'who did'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ
G5456
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fra-GEL-lee-on
Translations: scourge, a scourge, whip, a whip
Notes: This word refers to a whip or a scourge, a tool typically made of cords or thongs, often with pieces of bone or metal attached, used for severe punishment or torture. It is used to describe an instrument for flogging.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΑΣΤΙΞ, ΡΑΒΔΟΣ
Etymology: This word is a diminutive of the Latin word 'flagellum', meaning 'whip' or 'scourge'. It was adopted into Koine Greek.
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with
Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.
G4621
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: skhoy-NEE-ohn
Translations: (of) ropes, (of) cords, (of) lines
Notes: This word refers to ropes, cords, or lines, often implying something made of rushes or reeds. It is the genitive plural form of the noun 'schoinion', indicating possession or origin, so it would be used in contexts like 'made of ropes' or 'belonging to cords'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΧΟΙΝΟΣ, ΚΑΛΩΔΙΟΝ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tas
Translations: all, every, everyone, the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality of something or someone. In this form, it is used for masculine nouns in the accusative plural, meaning 'all (of them)' or 'everyone'. It can also be used substantively to refer to 'all people' or 'everyone'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G1544
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-EH-bal-en
Translations: he cast out, he threw out, he drove out, he sent out, he put out, he expelled, he brought forth, he took out
Notes: This word describes the action of casting, throwing, or driving something or someone out from a place or state. It can imply expulsion, removal, or even bringing something forth. It is often used in contexts of expelling demons, driving people out of a place, or even a tree bearing fruit.
Inflection: Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΚΠΕΜΠΩ, ΕΚΔΙΩΚΩ
G2413
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ee-eh-ROO
Translations: of holy, of sacred, of a temple, of the temple, of the sanctuary
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective 'ΙΕΡΟΣ' (hieros), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. When used with the definite article, it often functions as a noun, referring to 'the temple' or 'the sanctuary'. It indicates possession or origin, answering the question 'whose?' or 'from what?'. For example, 'the beauty of the temple' or 'the things of the sanctuary'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΥ, ΝΑΟΥ, ΒΗΛΟΥ
G2855
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kol-ly-bis-TON
Translations: of money-changers, of a money-changer
Notes: This word refers to a money-changer, someone who exchanges foreign currency for local currency, often for a fee. In ancient times, money-changers were common in marketplaces and temples, facilitating transactions for people from different regions. The word is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, such as 'of the money-changers'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
G1632
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eks-ekh-EH-en
Translations: poured out, he poured out, she poured out, it poured out
Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb ἐκχέω (ekcheō), meaning 'to pour out' or 'to shed'. It describes an action that was completed in the past. It is often used in contexts of liquid being poured, but can also refer to the outpouring of the Holy Spirit or the shedding of blood.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΚΧΥΝΩ, ΕΚΧΥΝΝΩ
Etymology: The verb ἐκχέω (ekcheō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb χέω (cheō), meaning 'to pour'.
G2772
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KER-mah
Translations: coin, a coin, small coin, money, small change
Notes: This word refers to a small piece of money or a coin, often implying small change or fractional currency. It is used to describe the type of money handled by money-changers in the temple.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΣΜΑ, ΑΡΓΥΡΙΟΝ
Etymology: The word 'ΚΕΡΜΑ' is derived from the verb 'κείρω' (keirō), meaning 'to cut' or 'to shear'. This etymology suggests that coins were originally pieces of metal cut or sheared off from a larger mass.
G5132
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: trah-PEH-zas
Translations: tables, a table
Notes: This word refers to a table, often used for eating, but also for other purposes such as money-changing or displaying items. It can refer to a physical piece of furniture or, by extension, to the activity or business conducted at a table.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: From Ancient Greek τράπεζα (trápeza), a compound of τετράς (tetrás, “four”) and πέζα (péza, “foot”), referring to a four-footed table.
G2692
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-teh-STREP-sen
Translations: destroyed, overthrew, ruined, demolished
Notes: This word means to destroy, overthrow, or ruin something completely. It implies a forceful and decisive act of bringing something to an end or causing its collapse. It can be used in contexts of physical destruction, such as tearing down buildings, or in a more figurative sense, like overthrowing a government or ruining a reputation.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΑΝΑΤΡΕΠΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ
G4453
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: po-LOO-sin
Translations: they sell, they are selling
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to sell' or 'to trade'. It describes the action of exchanging goods or services for money or other items. It is typically used to indicate that a group of people is performing the action of selling.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-pen
Translations: he said, she said, it said, he spoke, she spoke, it spoke
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone has said in the past. For example, 'he said' or 'she spoke'. It is a common way to introduce direct or indirect speech in a narrative.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G0142
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-RAH-teh
Translations: lift, take up, carry, remove, take away
Notes: This is a verb meaning to lift, take up, carry, or remove something. It can be used in commands or exhortations, telling someone or a group of people to perform the action of lifting or taking away. For example, it could be used to tell people to 'lift up' their voices or 'take away' a burden.
Inflection: Second Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Imperative
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΧΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ, ΦΕΡΩ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G1782
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: en-TEF-then
Translations: from here, hence, from this place, on this side
Notes: This adverb indicates movement or origin from a specific place or point in time. It can be used to mean 'from this place' or 'from this time forward,' often implying a departure or a new beginning. It can also refer to a direction, meaning 'on this side' or 'on the one hand'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΝΘΑΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΘΕΝ
Etymology: This word is formed from the preposition 'en' (in) and the demonstrative pronoun 'houtos' (this), combined with the suffix '-then' which indicates origin or direction from a place.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-EE-tay
Translations: he makes, he does, he performs, he produces, he is made, he is done
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make', 'to do', 'to perform', or 'to produce'. It can also mean 'to be made' or 'to be done' when used in the passive voice, or 'to make for oneself' or 'to do for oneself' when used in the middle voice. It is commonly used to describe actions or creations.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
G3624
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OY-kon
Translations: house, home, household, temple, dwelling
Notes: This word refers to a house, a dwelling place, or a household, which can include the family members and servants living within it. It can also refer to a temple or a place of worship. It is often used to denote a physical structure, but can also metaphorically represent a family line or a spiritual dwelling.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ
G3962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PAH-tros
Translations: of a father, of the father, of a parent, of the parent, of God, of the Lord
Notes: This word refers to a father or parent. It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of a father' or 'of the father'. In a theological context, it can refer to God as the Father.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΗΤΩΡ, ΠΡΟΓΟΝΟΣ
G1712
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: em-po-REE-oo
Translations: of merchandise, of trade, of business, of a market, of a place of trade
Notes: This word refers to merchandise, trade, or business, and can also denote a place where trade is conducted, such as a market or a place of business. It describes commercial activity or the goods involved in such activity. In the provided context, it refers to the house of God being made into a 'house of trade' or 'house of merchandise'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΓΟΡΑ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the Greek word ἔμπορος (emporos), meaning 'merchant' or 'traveler', which is derived from ἐν (en, 'in') and πόρος (poros, 'passage', 'journey'). Thus, it relates to the activity of merchants or trade.
G3403
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: em-NEES-thay-san
Translations: they remembered, they recalled, they were reminded
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'they remembered' or 'they recalled'. It describes the act of bringing something back to mind, often implying a past event or a previous state of awareness. It is used to indicate that a group of people brought something to their memory.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΩ, ΜΝΗΜΟΝΕΥΩ
G1125
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ge-GRA-mme-non
Translations: written, a written thing, what is written, scripture
Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been written. When used substantively (as a noun), it refers to 'that which has been written' or 'a writing', often specifically referring to 'Scripture' in a religious context. It indicates a completed action with ongoing results.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΓΡΑΦΗ
Etymology: The verb 'γράφω' (graphō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to scratch, to carve, to write'.
G2205
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ZAY-los
Translations: zeal, jealousy, envy, indignation, a zeal, a jealousy, an envy, an indignation
Notes: This word refers to intense passion or fervor, which can manifest in both positive and negative ways. It can mean a strong enthusiasm or devotion (zeal), or a negative emotion like jealousy or envy, often accompanied by indignation or rivalry. Its meaning depends on the context, indicating either a commendable passion for something good or a destructive, resentful feeling towards others.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΦΘΟΝΟΣ, ΕΡΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΖΗΛΟΣ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to boil' or 'to ferment,' suggesting an intense, bubbling emotion. It is related to the verb ζέω (zeō), meaning 'to boil' or 'to be hot.'
G3624
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-KOO
Translations: of a house, of a home, of a household, of a family, of a temple, of a dwelling
Notes: This word is a noun referring to a house, home, or dwelling place. It can also refer to a household, family, or even a temple. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. It is used to describe the place where people live or a group of people living together.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G2719
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-fah-GEH-tai
Translations: will devour, will consume, will eat up
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἐσθίω (esthiō), meaning 'to eat'. Together, it means to eat down, consume entirely, or devour. It is used to describe a complete and destructive consumption, often by fire, a sword, or an enemy.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle or Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΛΙΣΚΩ, ΔΑΠΑΝΑΩ, ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ
Etymology: The verb κατεσθίω (katesthiō) is formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἐσθίω (esthiō), meaning 'to eat'. The root ἐσθίω comes from an older form ἔδω (edō), which is related to the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to eat'.
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G0611
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-KREE-theh-sahn
Translations: they answered, they replied
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to answer' or 'to reply'. It describes the action of giving a response to a question or statement. It is often used in narratives to indicate that a group of people spoke in response to someone else.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΙΠΟΝ, ΛΕΓΩ
G2453
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oy
Translations: Jews, Jewish people
Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of Judea, or more broadly, to the Jewish people, descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who adhere to Judaism. In the New Testament, it often distinguishes them from Gentiles (non-Jews). It is used to describe the ethnic and religious group.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ
Etymology: From the Hebrew word 'Yehudah' (Judah), referring to the tribe of Judah and later the kingdom of Judah. The Greek form 'Ioudaios' means 'of Judah' or 'a Judean', which then came to mean 'Jew'.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-pon
Translations: I said, I spoke, said, spoke
Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates a completed action in the past, often translated as 'I said' or 'I spoke'. It is a common verb used to report direct or indirect speech.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
Etymology: The aorist stem εἶπον (eîpon) is a suppletive form, meaning it comes from a different root than the present tense forms of 'to say' (like λέγω). It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *wekw-, meaning 'to speak'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.
G4592
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: say-MEH-on
Translations: sign, a sign, miracle, a miracle, wonder, a wonder, mark, a mark, token, a token
Notes: This word refers to a sign, a mark, or a token. In a broader sense, it can also denote a miracle or a wonder, especially one that serves as a divine attestation or a significant indicator of something. It is often used to point to something beyond itself, like a warning, a proof, or an event that reveals God's power. The spelling 'ΣΗΜΙΟΝ' is a common misspelling or variant of 'ΣΗΜΕΙΟΝ' in ancient manuscripts.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΕΡΑΣ, ΕΝΔΕΙΞΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΗΜΕΙΟΝ (semeion) is derived from the verb σημαίνω (semaino), meaning 'to show, signify, indicate'. It refers to anything that serves to point out or indicate something else.
G1166
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DEIK-nyoo-eis
Translations: you show, you point out, you explain, you teach, you prove
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to show,' 'to point out,' 'to explain,' or 'to teach.' It is used to describe the act of making something visible or understandable to others, often implying a demonstration or revelation. It can also mean to prove something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΔΕΙΣΚΩ, ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΔΗΛΟΩ
Etymology: The word derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *deik-, meaning 'to show, to point out.' It is related to words meaning 'finger' or 'to point.'
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-mee
Translations: us, to us, for us, by us, with us
Notes: This word is a first-person plural pronoun, meaning 'us'. It is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action. It can be translated as 'to us', 'for us', or sometimes 'by us' or 'with us' depending on the context and the preposition it might be used with.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, First Person
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-EES
Translations: you do, you make, you perform, you create, you produce
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It is used to describe actions, creations, or performances. It can be used in various contexts, such as doing a task, making something, or performing an action.
Inflection: Present Active Indicative, 2nd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
G0611
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-KREE-thay
Translations: answered, replied
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to answer' or 'to reply'. It is formed from the preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb 'κρίνω' (krino), meaning 'to judge' or 'to decide'. In its middle or passive voice, it takes on the meaning of 'to answer back' or 'to reply'. It is commonly used to describe someone giving a verbal response to a question or statement.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive (or Middle), 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΙΠΟΝ, ΛΕΓΩ
Etymology: The word ἀποκρίνομαι (apokrinomai) is derived from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κρίνω (krino), meaning 'to judge' or 'to separate'. The combination suggests a 'separation by judgment' or 'a decision coming forth', which evolved into the meaning of 'to answer' or 'to reply'.
G3089
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LOO-sah-teh
Translations: loose, release, untie, destroy, abolish
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to loose, untie, release, destroy, or abolish. It is used as a command, instructing a group of people to perform the action of loosing or releasing something. It can refer to physical bonds, but also to laws, obligations, or even people.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΑΠΟΛΥΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ
G3485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NAH-on
Translations: temple, a temple, shrine, a shrine
Notes: ΝΑΟΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΝΑΟΣ, meaning 'temple' or 'shrine'. It specifically refers to the inner sanctuary of a temple, the dwelling place of the deity, as distinct from the broader temple complex (ἱερόν). It is used when the temple is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition that takes the accusative case.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΕΩΣ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-ton
Translations: this, this one, him, it
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ
G5140
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: TREE-sin
Translations: (to) three
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the numeral 'three'. It is used to indicate the number three, often in the sense of 'to three' or 'for three', depending on the context. It can refer to three of any gender (masculine, feminine, or neuter).
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hee-MEH-raiss
Translations: (to) days, (in) days, (on) days
Notes: This is the dative plural form of the noun 'day'. It refers to a period of twenty-four hours, a specific time period, or a particular occasion. In the dative case, it often indicates the time when something occurs or the duration over which an action takes place, hence translations like 'in days' or 'on days'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΙ, ΚΑΙΡΟΙ
G1453
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-GEH-roh
Translations: raise, awaken, rouse, stir up, stand up, appear, rise
Notes: This verb means to raise, awaken, or rouse someone or something. It can be used literally, such as raising someone from sleep or from the dead, or figuratively, such as stirring up a crowd or causing something to appear or come into being. It can also mean to stand up or to rise from a seated or lying position.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΔΙΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to awaken, to rouse'. It is related to words meaning 'to be awake' or 'to be alert'.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or continuation. It often introduces a conclusion or a statement that follows from what has just been said. It can also be used to resume a narrative or to emphasize a point, sometimes translated as 'now' or 'indeed' in such contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u, a particle indicating 'away from'. In Greek, it developed into a particle of inference or transition.
G5062
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: tes-seh-RAH-kon-tah
Translations: forty
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'forty'. It is used to indicate a quantity of forty units. In Koine Greek, it is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of the gender, number, or case of the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Indeclinable
Etymology: From τέσσαρες (tessares, “four”) and -κοντα (-konta, “-ty”).
G2094
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EH-teh-see
Translations: to years, in years, for years
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'ETOS', meaning 'year'. It indicates a relationship of 'to', 'in', or 'for' with respect to years, often used to express duration or time elapsed. For example, it could be used in phrases like 'in many years' or 'for a period of years'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: CHRONOIS
G3618
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oy-ko-do-MEH-thay
Translations: it was built, it was being built, it was established, it was edified
Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'oikodomeō'. It means 'to build' or 'to construct', often referring to physical structures like houses or temples. In a broader sense, it can also mean 'to establish' or 'to edify', referring to the building up of a community, a person's character, or faith. The passive voice indicates that the subject of the verb is receiving the action, meaning 'it was built' rather than 'it built'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΤΙΖΩ, ΑΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΕΓΕΙΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ is a compound word derived from ΟΙΚΟΣ (oikos), meaning 'house', and ΔΕΜΩ (demō), meaning 'to build'. Thus, its literal meaning is 'to build a house'.
G3485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NAH-oss
Translations: temple, a temple, sanctuary, shrine
Notes: This word refers to a temple or sanctuary, specifically the inner sanctuary or holy place within a larger temple complex where the deity was believed to reside. It is often used to distinguish the sacred inner chamber from the outer courts or the entire temple precinct. In a sentence, it would be used like 'They entered the temple' or 'The priest served in the temple.'
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΑΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΝΑΟΣ (naos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to the verb ναίω (naiō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit,' suggesting a place where a deity dwells.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OO-tos
Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.
G1453
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-geh-REIS
Translations: you will raise, you will awaken, you will rouse, you raise, you awaken, you rouse
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'egeiro', meaning 'to raise' or 'to awaken'. Depending on the context and original diacritics, it can be interpreted as either the future tense, indicating an action that will happen, or the present tense, indicating an ongoing action. It is used to describe the act of causing someone or something to stand up, wake up, or be brought into existence.
Inflection: 2nd Person Singular, Future Active Indicative or Present Active Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAY-nos
Translations: that, that one, he, she, it, those, they
Notes: This word functions as a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, pointing to something or someone distant in space or time, or referring to a person or thing previously mentioned in discourse. It emphasizes distinction from something nearer or more immediate. It can be translated as 'that' when used as an adjective, or 'that one', 'he', 'she', 'it', 'they', or 'those' when used as a pronoun, depending on context and gender/number.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
Etymology: From a combination of the demonstrative particle 'eke' (indicating distance) and the pronominal ending '-inos'. It points to something 'over there' or 'that one yonder'.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-leh-gen
Translations: he was saying, he said, he spoke, he was speaking
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'λεγω' (lego), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action of speaking in the past, or a simple past action. It is often used to introduce direct speech or to describe what someone was in the habit of saying.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G3485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NAH-oo
Translations: of a temple, of the temple, to a temple, to the temple, temples
Notes: This word refers to a temple or a sanctuary, specifically the inner part of a temple where the deity was worshipped. It can also refer to the entire sacred edifice. In the provided examples, it appears in the genitive singular (of the temple) and the nominative/accusative plural (temples).
Inflection: Singular, Genitive or Dative; or Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΕΩΣ
Etymology: The word ΝΑΟΣ (naos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It refers to a dwelling place, particularly of a god.
G4983
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SOH-mah-tos
Translations: of body, of a body, of flesh, of a flesh, of substance, of a substance
Notes: This word refers to the physical body, whether human or animal, or to a substance or material. It can also refer to a collective body, like a group of people. In a broader sense, it can denote the substance or reality of something, as opposed to its shadow or image. It is used to describe the physical aspect of a being or object.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΑΡΞ, ΟΥΣΙΑ
G3753
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OH-teh
Translations: when, whenever, at which time
Notes: This word functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, indicating a point or period in time. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies when an action occurs or occurred, similar to 'when' or 'whenever' in English. It can refer to a specific past event or a general, recurring condition.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΗΝΙΚΑ, ΟΠΟΤΕ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the particle 'te' (then, at that time). It originally meant 'at that time when'.
G1453
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-GER-thay
Translations: he was raised, he was awakened, he was roused, he was stirred up, he arose, he rose
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'egeiro', meaning 'to raise' or 'to awaken'. In this specific form, it indicates that someone or something 'was raised' or 'was awakened' by an external force, or 'arose' or 'rose' by themselves. It is commonly used in contexts of rising from sleep, rising from a seated or prone position, or being raised from the dead. It can also refer to being stirred up or roused to action.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΞΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΔΙΕΓΕΙΡΩ
Etymology: The word 'egeiro' comes from an ancient root meaning 'to rouse' or 'to awaken'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.
G3498
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: NEK-ron
Translations: of the dead, of dead ones
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'ΝΕΚΡΟΣ', meaning 'dead' or 'a dead person'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of the dead' or 'belonging to the dead'. It can refer to deceased individuals collectively or to the state of being dead.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΘΝΕΩΤΩΝ, ΑΠΟΘΑΝΟΝΤΩΝ
Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to lie down' or 'to be still', related to the idea of a corpse or something lifeless.
G1124
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GRA-fay
Translations: writing, a writing, scripture, a scripture, document, a document
Notes: This word refers to something written, such as a document, a letter, or a record. In a religious context, especially within the New Testament, it frequently refers to the sacred writings or the Holy Scriptures. It can be used to denote the act of writing or the result of that act.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗ
Etymology: From the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write', which comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to scratch, carve'.
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LO-go
Translations: (to) word, (to) reason, (to) account, (to) saying, (to) message, (to) speech, (to) matter, (to) thing, by word, by reason, by account, by saying, by message, by speech, by matter, by thing
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' (logos). 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' is a fundamental term in Greek, meaning 'word,' 'reason,' 'account,' 'speech,' or 'message.' In its dative form 'ΛΟΓΩ,' it often indicates the indirect object of an action, the means or instrument by which something is done, or the cause or reason for something. It can be translated with prepositions like 'to,' 'for,' 'by,' or 'with,' depending on the context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON
Translations: being, existing, a being, that which is
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'being' or 'existing'. It describes something that is in a state of being or existence. As a neuter singular form, it often refers to 'that which is' or 'a being', and can function as a noun.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ
G2414
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: hee-eh-ro-so-LY-moys
Translations: (to) Jerusalem, (in) Jerusalem, (at) Jerusalem
Notes: This word refers to the city of Jerusalem, a significant city in ancient Israel and a central location in many biblical narratives. It is used here in the dative case, indicating location or direction, such as 'in Jerusalem' or 'to Jerusalem'.
Inflection: Dative, Plural
Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'foundation of peace' or 'city of peace'. It is a compound word derived from 'yara' (to found, to lay a cornerstone) and 'shalom' (peace).
G1858
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-or-TEE
Translations: feast, a feast, festival, a festival, holiday, a holiday
Notes: This word refers to a religious festival or holiday, a time of celebration and special observance. It is often used in the context of Jewish or Christian religious feasts. It can be used to denote the specific day of a festival or the entire period of celebration.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine (though it can appear in other cases and numbers depending on context, e.g., Genitive as in ΕΟΡΤΗΣ)
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΗΓΥΡΙΣ, ΘΥΣΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΕΟΡΤΗ comes from an older Greek word, perhaps related to a root meaning 'to gather' or 'to celebrate'. It has been used since ancient times to refer to public festivals or holidays.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOY
Translations: many, much, a lot of
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. For example, it can be used to say 'many people' or 'much time'. It often appears in the plural form to indicate a multitude.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΙ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝΕΣ
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-no-MA
Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority, title
Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or authority, as a name often represents the essence of a person or entity. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ, ΔΟΞΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'name'. It is cognate with Latin 'nomen' and English 'name'.
G2334
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: theh-oh-ROON-tes
Translations: seeing, observing, beholding, looking at, contemplating, considering
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'those who are seeing' or 'while seeing'. It describes the action of observing or beholding something, often with a sense of contemplation or careful consideration. It can be used to describe someone who is actively watching an event unfold or carefully examining an object or situation.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΟΝΤΕΣ, ΟΡΩΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΟΥΝΤΕΣ
G4592
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: say-MEE-ah
Translations: signs, marks, tokens, miracles, wonders, a sign, a mark, a token, a miracle, a wonder
Notes: This word, likely a form of 'σημεῖον' (sēmeion), refers to a sign, mark, or token. It is often used to denote a miraculous event or a wonder that serves as proof or an indication of something. In ancient texts, it can refer to a physical mark, a symbolic indicator, or a supernatural act demonstrating divine power or authority. The given form 'ΣΗΜΙΑ' is most commonly the nominative or accusative plural of 'σημεῖον', meaning 'signs' or 'miracles'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΕΡΑΣ, ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ
Etymology: The word 'σημεῖον' (sēmeion) is derived from 'σῆμα' (sēma), meaning 'mark, sign'. It refers to something that serves as an indicator or a distinguishing mark.
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix
Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)
Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-
Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).
Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.
Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-POY-ay
Translations: was doing, was making, did, made, used to do, used to make
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It describes an action that was ongoing or habitual in the past. It can refer to the creation of something, the performance of an action, or the causing of an effect. For example, it could mean 'he was making' a house, or 'he was doing' good deeds.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
G4100
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-is-TEH-oo-en
Translations: he was believing, she was believing, it was believing, he trusted, she trusted, it trusted, he had faith, she had faith, it had faith
Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'πιστεύω' (pisteuō), meaning 'to believe,' 'to trust,' or 'to have faith.' The imperfect tense describes an ongoing, continuous, or repeated action in the past. It can also indicate an attempt to do something in the past. In a sentence, it would describe someone or something in the process of believing or trusting.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑ, ΠΕΙΘΩ
G1438
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ahf-TON
Translations: himself, herself, itself, themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, or themselves'. It is used to refer back to the subject of the sentence, indicating that the action of the verb is directed back to the subject. For example, 'he saw himself'. It can be used for singular or plural subjects.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΝ
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: gigh-NOH-skin
Translations: to know, to learn, to understand, to perceive, to come to know, to recognize
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to know' or 'to come to know'. It can refer to knowledge gained through experience or observation, or a deeper, more intimate understanding. It is often used in the sense of learning or perceiving something. It can also imply recognition or becoming acquainted with someone or something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ
Etymology: The word ΓΙΓΝΩΣΚΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to know'. It is related to English words like 'know' and 'cognition'.
G5532
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHREE-an
Translations: need, a need, necessity, use, service
Notes: This word is a noun meaning 'need,' 'necessity,' 'use,' or 'service.' It often appears in phrases like 'to have need of' something, indicating a requirement or a lack that needs to be filled. It can refer to a personal need, a practical use, or a necessary service.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΗ, ΧΡΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΧΡΕΙΑ (chreia) comes from the Greek verb χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use, to need.' It is related to the concept of utility and what is necessary or useful.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-kheh
Translations: he had, she had, it had, he was having, she was having, it was having
Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect indicative active form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or a state of possession in the past. For example, it could mean 'he was having' or 'he used to have'.
Inflection: Singular, Third Person, Imperfect, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ
Etymology: The verb 'ἔχω' (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, indicating possession, state, or ability.
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G3140
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mar-too-RAY-see
Translations: may bear witness, might testify, may give testimony, might give testimony
Notes: This word means to bear witness, to testify, or to give testimony. It is used to describe the act of providing evidence or confirming a truth, often in a legal or formal context, but also in a general sense of affirming something. It is frequently followed by a preposition like 'περί' (about) or 'ὑπέρ' (on behalf of) to indicate what or whom one is testifying about.
Inflection: Aorist, Subjunctive, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ, ΜΑΡΤΥΣ
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-throh-poo
Translations: of man, of a man, of a human being, of humanity, of a person
Notes: This word refers to a human being, a person, or mankind in general. It is used to distinguish humans from God or animals. It can refer to an individual man or woman, or to humanity as a whole. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-gee-NOH-sken
Translations: he was knowing, he knew, he was learning, he was understanding, he was perceiving, he was recognizing
Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginosko). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or the beginning of an action in the past. It means 'he/she/it was knowing,' 'he/she/it knew,' 'he/she/it was learning,' 'he/she/it was understanding,' 'he/she/it was perceiving,' or 'he/she/it was recognizing.' It implies a process of coming to know or a state of knowing that existed in the past.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the English word 'know' and Latin 'gnosco'.
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-throh
Translations: man, a man, human being, a human being, mankind, person, a person
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the Koine Greek word 'ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ' (anthropos), meaning 'man' or 'human being'. It refers to a person, male or female, and can also denote humanity in general. It is commonly used to distinguish humans from God or animals.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ
G4459
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: PO
Translations: at all, by any means, somehow, perhaps, surely, certainly, how, where
Notes: This word is a particle that can function as an adverb, often indicating possibility, uncertainty, or emphasis. It can mean 'at all' or 'by any means' when used with a negative, or 'somehow' or 'perhaps' when expressing possibility. It can also be used interrogatively to mean 'how' or 'where', or as an affirmative particle meaning 'surely' or 'certainly'. It is often found in combination with other words, such as ὅπως (hopos) or μήπως (mēpōs).
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΟΥ, ΠΩΣ, ΠΟΤΕ
Etymology: This particle is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the interrogative stem *po-.
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