2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or continuation. It often introduces a conclusion or a statement that follows from what has just been said. It can also be used to resume a narrative or to emphasize a point, sometimes translated as 'now' or 'indeed' in such contexts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u, a particle indicating 'away from'. In Greek, it developed into a particle of inference or transition.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: lah-BOHN

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the means or circumstance by which another action takes place. For example, 'having taken the book, he read it' or 'receiving the gift, she smiled.'

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΛΗΦΩΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G1537, G1803

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: eks

Translations: out of, from, by, of, six

Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ

Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.

G2029

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-THEE-kahn

Translations: they laid upon, they put upon, they placed upon, they imposed

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi, 'to put, to place'). In this form, it means 'they laid upon' or 'they placed upon'. It describes the action of putting something on top of something else, or imposing something upon someone. It is often used in contexts of placing hands on someone (e.g., for blessing or healing), or placing objects on a surface.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The verb ἐπιτίθημι is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to put' or 'to place'. The root τίθημι comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to put, to place'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G2776

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: keh-fah-LEE

Translations: head, a head, chief, ruler, source, summit

Notes: This word primarily refers to the physical head of a body. Metaphorically, it can signify a person in authority or a leader, the origin or source of something, or the culmination or summit of a thing. It is used in various contexts to denote both literal and figurative meanings.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗΓΟΣ, ΚΟΡΥΦΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'head'. It is related to words for 'head' in other Indo-European languages.

G2440

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-MA-tee-on

Translations: garment, a garment, cloak, a cloak, clothes, clothing

Notes: This word refers to an outer garment or cloak, which was a common piece of clothing in ancient times. It could also refer to clothing in general. It is often used in the context of someone wearing or taking off an article of clothing.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΙΤΩΝ, ΕΝΔΥΜΑ, ΣΤΟΛΗ

Etymology: The word ἱμάτιον (himátion) is a diminutive of ἱμάτιον (híma), meaning 'garment' or 'clothing'. It is related to the verb ἵημι (híēmi), 'to send, throw', suggesting something thrown over or put on.

G4016

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-EH-bah-lon

Translations: they put around, they clothed, they surrounded, they encompassed

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around', and the verb βάλλω (ballo), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. Together, it means to throw or put something around, to clothe someone, or to surround or encompass something. It is often used in contexts of dressing someone or something, or of a group of people surrounding an object or another group.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΩ, ΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΖΩΝΝΥΜΙ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OW-toh

Translations: him, it, himself, itself, the same, this, that, of him, of it, to him, to it

Notes: ΑΥΤΟ is an inflected form of the third-person pronoun or demonstrative adjective ΑΥΤΟΣ. As a pronoun, it refers to 'him', 'her', or 'it', depending on gender and number. As an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or 'this/that very one'. It can also be used intensively to emphasize the subject, meaning 'himself' or 'itself'. Its meaning often depends on its position in the sentence relative to the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EHR-khon-toh

Translations: they were coming, they came, they were going, they went

Notes: This is the imperfect indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. The imperfect tense describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. So, 'they were coming' or 'they were going' indicates a continuous movement or a series of arrivals/departures in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-leh-gon

Translations: they were saying, they said, they were telling, they told

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' (LEGO). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'they were saying' or 'they used to say'. It can also simply indicate a past action, 'they said' or 'they told'. It is commonly used to report speech or actions of a group of people in a narrative.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' (LEGO) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out, count, tell'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', often implying a deliberate or reasoned utterance.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G2396

Part of Speech: Verb, Interjection

Sounds like: EE-deh

Translations: Behold, look, see, lo

Notes: This word is an imperative verb, meaning 'behold!' or 'look!'. It is used to draw attention to something or someone, often at the beginning of a sentence or clause. It functions similarly to the English 'Lo!' or 'See here!'. It can be used to introduce a new topic, emphasize a point, or express surprise.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΙΔΟΥ, ΟΡΑ

Etymology: From the aorist stem of the verb 'ὁράω' (horao), meaning 'to see'. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of usage.

G0071

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AH-goh

Translations: I lead, I bring, I carry, I go, I drive, I take

Notes: This is a common verb in Koine Greek with a broad range of meanings related to movement, guidance, or bringing something or someone from one place to another. It can mean to lead, bring, carry, or even to go or drive, depending on the context. It is often used to describe the action of moving people or objects.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: This word comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to drive, draw, or move'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, indicating various forms of motion or guidance.

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G2147

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-RIS-koh

Translations: find, discover, obtain, perceive, learn, devise

Notes: This verb means 'to find' or 'to discover'. It can refer to finding something lost, discovering a fact, or even obtaining something. It is often used in contexts where something is sought after and then located or realized. It can also mean to 'devise' or 'invent'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to come upon'. It is related to the idea of encountering or meeting something.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OOKH

Translations: no, not, never, by no means

Notes: This word is a negative adverb used to express absolute negation. It is typically used before a vowel with a rough breathing mark (like 'ουχί' or 'οὐχ') or before a consonant with a smooth breathing mark (like 'οὐκ'). It denies a statement or fact, indicating that something is not true or does not exist. It can be used to negate verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΚ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂u- meaning 'not'. It is an ancient Greek negative particle.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G5411

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PHO-ron

Translations: of taxes, of tributes, of a tax, of a tribute

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'φόρος' (phoros), which means 'tribute' or 'tax'. It refers to payments made, often to a governing authority, as a form of obligation or revenue. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin related to taxes or tributes, such as 'the collection of taxes' or 'the burden of tributes'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΟΣ, ΔΑΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry', referring to something that is brought or borne as a payment.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AHN-throh-pohs

Translations: man, a man, human being, a human being, person, a person, mankind, humanity

Notes: This word refers to a human being, a person, or mankind in general. It is a common noun used to denote any individual of the human species, regardless of gender, though it is often translated as 'man' in a generic sense. It can be used to distinguish humans from God or from animals.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΤΙΣ

Etymology: The word "ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ" is of uncertain origin, but it is an ancient Greek term for a human being. Some theories suggest it may be related to words meaning "upward-looking" or "earth-faced."

G3753

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OH-teh

Translations: when, whenever, at which time

Notes: This word functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, indicating a point or period in time. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies when an action occurs or occurred, similar to 'when' or 'whenever' in English. It can refer to a specific past event or a general, recurring condition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΗΝΙΚΑ, ΟΠΟΤΕ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the particle 'te' (then, at that time). It originally meant 'at that time when'.

G1492

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-DON

Translations: they saw, I saw, to see, having seen

Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It can function as a third-person plural indicative ('they saw'), a first-person singular indicative ('I saw'), or, less commonly, as an infinitive or participle depending on the context, conveying the action of seeing or perceiving something in a completed past action. It is often used to introduce a new observation or event.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural; or Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular; or Aorist, Active, Infinitive; or Aorist, Active, Participle (Neuter Singular Nominative/Accusative)

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'εἶδον' (eidon) serves as the aorist form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horaō), meaning 'to see'. It is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, which also means 'to see' or 'to know'.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khi-eh-REIS

Translations: high priests, chief priests

Notes: This word refers to the high priests or chief priests, who were leading figures in the Jewish religious hierarchy, especially during the Second Temple period. It is a compound word formed from 'ΑΡΧΩΝ' (ruler, chief) and 'ΙΕΡΕΥΣ' (priest), literally meaning 'chief priest'. These individuals held significant religious and political authority.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣ' is a compound of 'ΑΡΧΩΝ' (archon), meaning 'ruler' or 'chief', and 'ΙΕΡΕΥΣ' (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It describes the head or chief among the priests.

G2896

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-RAX-ah

Translations: I cried out, I shouted, I called out

Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'κράζω' (krazō), meaning 'to cry out' or 'to shout'. It describes a completed action in the past, indicating that the speaker performed the act of crying out or shouting. It is often used to describe a loud, urgent, or distressed vocalization.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΒΟΑΩ, ΚΕΚΡΑΓΑ

Etymology: From an onomatopoeic root, imitating the sound of a cry or shout.

G1545

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-ROW-gah-san

Translations: they cried out, they shouted, they screamed

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ἐκράζω' (ekrazō) or 'κραυγάζω' (kraugazō), meaning 'to cry out' or 'to shout'. It describes an action that occurred in the past and was completed. It is often used to describe a loud, urgent, or distressed vocalization, such as a crowd shouting or individuals crying out in fear or excitement.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΚΡΑΞΑΝ, ΕΚΡΑΞΑΝ

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G0611

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-KREE-thee-sah

Translations: you answered, you replied

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to answer' or 'to reply'. It is used when someone gives a response to a question or statement. The form 'ΑΠΕΚΡΙΘΗΣΑ' specifically indicates a past action completed by a single person, 'you'.

Inflection: Second Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΟΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΟΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: From ΑΠΟ (APO, 'from, away from') and ΚΡΙΝΩ (KRINO, 'to judge, to decide'). The compound verb literally means 'to judge from' or 'to decide from', evolving to mean 'to answer' in the sense of making a decision or judgment in response.

G2453

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oy

Translations: Jews, Jewish people

Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of Judea, or more broadly, to the Jewish people, descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who adhere to Judaism. In the New Testament, it often distinguishes them from Gentiles (non-Jews). It is used to describe the ethnic and religious group.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ

Etymology: From the Hebrew word 'Yehudah' (Judah), referring to the tribe of Judah and later the kingdom of Judah. The Greek form 'Ioudaios' means 'of Judah' or 'a Judean', which then came to mean 'Jew'.

G3551

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NOH-mon

Translations: law, a law, rule, principle

Notes: The word refers to a law, rule, or principle. In the context of the Bible, it often refers to the Mosaic Law or the Law of God, but it can also refer to a general principle or custom. It is used to denote a standard of conduct or a governing regulation.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΝΩΝ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΕΝΤΟΛΗ

Etymology: From a root meaning "to parcel out, distribute." It originally referred to anything assigned or apportioned, and later came to mean a custom, usage, or law.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EKH-oh-men

Translations: we have, we hold, we possess

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. In this specific form, it indicates that 'we' are the ones who have or hold something. It can be used in various contexts to express possession, capability, or a state of being.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The Greek verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have, to overcome'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with a wide range of meanings and uses.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G0599

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-poh-THA-nee

Translations: to die, to be dead, to perish

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'apothnesko', meaning 'to die' or 'to perish'. It describes the action of dying or coming to an end. It is often used in contexts referring to physical death, but can also be used metaphorically for something ceasing to exist or losing its power. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often appearing after verbs like 'to be able' or 'to want', or as the subject or object of a sentence.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: theh-OO

Translations: of God, of a God

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for the word ΘΕΟΥ (Theou), meaning 'of God'. It is used to refer to the divine being, God, in the genitive case. In ancient Greek texts, nomina sacra were common contractions for frequently used sacred names and titles, indicating reverence and saving space. This form would typically be used in phrases like 'the house of God' or 'the power of God'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do, to place, to set', or possibly 'to shine'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for a deity or god.

G0191

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-KOO-sen

Translations: he heard, she heard, it heard, he listened, she listened, it listened, he understood, she understood, it understood

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hear', 'to listen', or 'to understand'. It is used to describe the action of perceiving sound or comprehending information. As an aorist tense verb, it describes a completed action in the past, without specifying its duration. It is in the third person singular, meaning the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G3123

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

G1525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-EEL-then

Translations: he entered, she entered, it entered, went in, came in

Notes: This word describes the action of entering or coming into a place. It is often used to indicate movement from an outside location to an inside one, or to signify the beginning of a state or condition. It is a compound word formed from 'EIS' (into) and 'ERCHOMAI' (to come/go).

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΣΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΣΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word εἰσέρχομαι (eiserchomai) is a compound verb formed from the preposition εἰς (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Its etymology traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to movement.

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G4232

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: prah-ee-TOH-ree-oh

Translations: Praetorium, a Praetorium, governor's headquarters, palace, barracks

Notes: This word refers to the official residence or headquarters of a Roman governor or military commander. It could be a palace, a governor's residence, or even a military camp or barracks. In the New Testament, it often refers to the official residence of Pontius Pilate in Jerusalem, where Jesus was brought for trial. It is a Latin loanword adopted into Koine Greek.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ, ΟΙΚΙΑ

Etymology: The word is a direct transliteration of the Latin word 'praetorium', which originally referred to the tent of a Roman general (praetor) in a camp, and later to the official residence of a governor or emperor.

G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: AY

Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be

Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-khoh

Translations: have, hold, possess, keep, be able, be in a certain condition

Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It can also mean 'to possess', 'to keep', or 'to be in a certain state or condition'. It is used in a wide variety of contexts to indicate possession, capability, or a state of being.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to Latin 'habeo' (to have) and English 'have'.

G630

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-LY-sai

Translations: to release, to dismiss, to send away, to divorce, to set free, to forgive, to let go

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'apolyo'. It signifies the action of releasing, dismissing, or sending someone or something away. It can also be used in the context of divorce, setting free, or forgiving.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and λύω (lyō, 'to loose, to release'). It literally means 'to loose from' or 'to release away'.

G0611

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-KREE-thay

Translations: answered, replied

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to answer' or 'to reply'. It is formed from the preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb 'κρίνω' (krino), meaning 'to judge' or 'to decide'. In its middle or passive voice, it takes on the meaning of 'to answer back' or 'to reply'. It is commonly used to describe someone giving a verbal response to a question or statement.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive (or Middle), 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΠΟΝ, ΛΕΓΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποκρίνομαι (apokrinomai) is derived from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κρίνω (krino), meaning 'to judge' or 'to separate'. The combination suggests a 'separation by judgment' or 'a decision coming forth', which evolved into the meaning of 'to answer' or 'to reply'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G1325

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: deh-DOH-meh-non

Translations: given, granted, bestowed, a gift, a thing given, that which has been given

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle (neuter singular) of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It describes something that has been given or granted. It can function as an adjective, meaning 'given' or 'granted', or as a noun, referring to 'that which has been given' or 'a gift'. It often implies something that is established, provided, or entrusted.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΔΟΣΙΣ, ΧΑΡΙΣ

Etymology: The word δίδωμι comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present stem, indicating a continuous or repeated action of giving.

G4771

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G0509

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AH-noh-theh

Translations: from above, from the top, again, anew, from the beginning

Notes: This adverb indicates origin or direction from a higher place, or a repetition of an action. It can mean 'from above' in a literal sense, or 'from the beginning' or 'anew' when referring to time or a fresh start. It is often used to describe something that originates from God or heaven.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΑΝΩ, ΑΝΩ

Etymology: Derived from the Greek word 'ἄνω' (ano), meaning 'up' or 'above', with the suffix '-θεν' (-then), which indicates origin or direction from a place. It literally means 'from above'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G3860

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-DOOS

Translations: having delivered, having handed over, having given up, having betrayed, having committed, having entrusted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραδίδωμι' (paradidōmi), meaning 'to hand over,' 'to deliver,' 'to give up,' or 'to betray.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the agent who performed the action of handing over or delivering something, or the state of having done so. For example, it can be used to describe someone who has delivered a message, handed over a prisoner, or betrayed a trust.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G1537

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EK

Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.

G1437

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It often implies a condition that is possible or expected to occur, or a general truth. It can also be used to mean 'when' or 'whenever' in a general sense, or even 'although' in some contexts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ

Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an), which indicates potentiality or contingency. It combines these elements to form a conditional conjunction.

G5384

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: FEE-loss

Translations: dear, beloved, friendly, a friend, a lover

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'dear,' 'beloved,' or 'friendly,' or as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'lover.' As an adjective, it describes someone or something that is cherished or held in affection. As a noun, it refers to a person with whom one has a bond of mutual affection. It is often used to describe close relationships.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'philos' comes from an ancient root meaning 'to love' or 'to be fond of.' It is related to other words in Greek that express affection and friendship.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2541

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KAI-sar-os

Translations: of Caesar

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Caesar'. It refers to the Roman emperor, or more generally, the imperial authority. In the New Testament, it often refers to the reigning emperor, such as Augustus or Tiberius, or the office itself.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From Latin 'Caesar', originally a Roman family name, which became a title for the Roman emperors after Julius Caesar. The name's ultimate origin is uncertain, possibly from 'caesaries' (hair) or 'caesus' (cut).

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAS

Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-OHN

Translations: doing, making, creating, producing, performing, a doer, a maker, the one who does, the one who makes

Notes: ΠΟΙΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb ΠΟΙΕΩ, meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is in the act of doing or making something. It can be translated as 'doing' or 'making' when used adjectivally, or as 'the one who does' or 'a doer' when used substantively.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩΝ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G0483

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-tee-LEH-ghee

Translations: he contradicts, he speaks against, he opposes, he gainsays, he denies

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ΑΝΤΙ' (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and 'ΛΕΓΩ' (lego), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. Therefore, 'ΑΝΤΙΛΕΓΕΙ' literally means 'he speaks against'. It is used to describe someone who contradicts, opposes, or denies what has been said or proposed. It implies a verbal opposition or resistance.

Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΛΕΓΩ, ΑΝΤΙΤΑΣΣΩ, ΑΝΘΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LO-go

Translations: (to) word, (to) reason, (to) account, (to) saying, (to) message, (to) speech, (to) matter, (to) thing, by word, by reason, by account, by saying, by message, by speech, by matter, by thing

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' (logos). 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' is a fundamental term in Greek, meaning 'word,' 'reason,' 'account,' 'speech,' or 'message.' In its dative form 'ΛΟΓΩ,' it often indicates the indirect object of an action, the means or instrument by which something is done, or the cause or reason for something. It can be translated with prepositions like 'to,' 'for,' 'by,' or 'with,' depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

G0071

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hay-GAH-gen

Translations: he led, he brought, he carried, he went

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'he led,' 'he brought,' or 'he carried.' It describes an action of guiding, transporting, or moving something or someone from one place to another. It can also mean 'he went' or 'he departed' in certain contexts. It is used to describe a completed action in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΑΓΩ

Etymology: The word comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to lead, to drive, to pull'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G0968

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BAY-mah-tos

Translations: of a step, of a pace, of a platform, of a tribunal, of a judgment seat

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'βῆμα' (bēma). It refers to a step, a raised platform, or a tribunal/judgment seat. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin, such as 'of the platform' or 'belonging to the judgment seat'. It is often used in contexts referring to a place from which one speaks or judges.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΣ, ΒΑΘΜΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: From the Greek verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. The noun βῆμα (bēma) literally refers to a 'step' or 'pace', and by extension, a raised place ascended by steps.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GO-meh-non

Translations: being said, being spoken, being called, being named, what is said, what is spoken, a thing said, a thing spoken

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' (lego), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is in the process of being said, spoken, or called. It can refer to a statement, a saying, or something that is being referred to or named.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΝ, ΦΑΜΕΝΟΝ

G3038

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: li-thos-TROH-ton

Translations: pavement, stone pavement, a stone pavement, stone-paved area

Notes: This word refers to a pavement or an area that has been paved with stones. It is a compound word formed from 'λίθος' (lithos), meaning 'stone', and 'στρωτός' (strōtos), meaning 'spread out' or 'paved'. It describes a surface covered with stones, often found in public spaces or courtyards.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΔΑΦΟΣ, ΠΛΑΚΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΛΙΘΟΣΤΡΩΤΟΣ is a compound of two Greek words: λίθος (lithos), meaning 'stone', and στρωτός (strōtos), meaning 'spread out' or 'paved', which comes from the verb στρώννυμι (strōnnumi), 'to spread' or 'to pave'.

G1115

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: gol-go-THA

Translations: Golgotha

Notes: Golgotha is a proper noun referring to the place where Jesus was crucified, located outside the walls of ancient Jerusalem. Its name means 'place of a skull' in Aramaic/Hebrew, possibly due to its shape or because it was a place of execution. It is often used in conjunction with the Greek word 'τόπος' (place).

Inflection: Does not inflect (indeclinable)

Etymology: The word ΓΟΛΓΟΘΑ is a transliteration of an Aramaic word (גֻּלְגֹּלְתָּא, gulgalta) which means 'skull'. It is related to the Hebrew word גֻּלְגֹּלֶת (gulgolet), also meaning 'skull'.

G3904

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-ra-ske-OO-ay

Translations: preparation, a preparation, equipment, provision, Friday

Notes: This word refers to the act of preparing or making ready for something. It can also denote the things that are prepared, such as equipment or provisions. In a specific religious context, it refers to the day of preparation for the Sabbath, which is Friday.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΣΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb παρασκευάζω (paraskeuazō), meaning 'to prepare' or 'to get ready'. It is formed from παρά (para, 'beside, alongside') and σκευάζω (skeuazō, 'to prepare, to equip').

G3957

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: PAS-kha

Translations: Passover

Notes: This word refers to the Jewish festival of Passover, which commemorates the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in ancient Egypt. It is a central event in the Old Testament and is observed annually. In the New Testament, it is often associated with the sacrifice of Jesus Christ.

Inflection: Does not inflect (indeclinable)

Etymology: The word "ΠΑΣΧΑ" is a transliteration of the Aramaic word "pasḥā" (פַּסְחָא), which itself comes from the Hebrew word "pesaḥ" (פֶּסַח). This Hebrew word is derived from the verb "pasach" (פָּסַח), meaning "to pass over" or "to spare," referring to the angel of death passing over the houses of the Israelites during the tenth plague in Egypt.

G5610

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OH-rah

Translations: hour, an hour, time, season, moment

Notes: This word refers to a specific period of time, which can be an hour, a particular time of day, a season, or a crucial moment. It is often used to denote a fixed or appointed time, such as 'the hour has come' for an event to occur. It can also refer to a specific season of the year.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'year, season'. It refers to a limited period of time, a season, or a specific hour.

G3588, G3739

Part of Speech: Article, Pronoun, Numeral

Sounds like: HAY

Translations: the, who, which, what, that, she, a, an, 8

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation, indicated by the overline. It most commonly represents the feminine nominative singular definite article 'ἡ' (he), meaning 'the' or 'a/an'. It can also represent the feminine nominative singular relative pronoun 'ἥ' (he), meaning 'who', 'which', or 'that'. Additionally, 'Η' (eta) can function as the numeral 8 in the Greek numbering system. The context of the sentence is crucial for determining the correct meaning.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine (for article/pronoun); Does not inflect (for numeral)

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G3860

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pah-reh-DOH-ken

Translations: handed over, delivered, gave up, betrayed, committed, entrusted

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΑΡΑ (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It generally means to hand something over to someone, to deliver, or to give up. Depending on the context, it can also mean to betray someone, to commit something to someone's care, or to entrust. It is often used in the sense of delivering someone into custody or handing over a tradition.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: lah-BON-tes

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed. It often conveys the sense of 'having taken' or 'having received' and can be used to introduce a subordinate clause, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main action. For example, 'having taken the letter, they did not hurry'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

G3880

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-la-BON-tes

Translations: taking, receiving, having taken, having received

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'paralambanō', meaning 'to take alongside, to receive, or to take over'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject of the main verb. It often implies a completed action, such as 'having taken' or 'having received', and can refer to taking someone with oneself, receiving something, or taking over a tradition or teaching.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΕΣ, ΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΟΝΤΕΣ

G0520

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-ay-GAH-gon

Translations: they led away, they brought, they took away

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative, third person plural form of the verb 'apagō' (ἀπάγω). It means 'to lead away,' 'to bring,' or 'to take away.' It describes the action of moving someone or something from one place to another, often implying a forceful or official removal, such as leading a prisoner away or bringing someone before an authority. It is a compound verb formed from 'apo' (away from) and 'agō' (to lead).

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΠΑΡΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G0941

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: bas-TAH-zoh

Translations: carry, bear, take up, endure, take away

Notes: This verb means to carry or bear something, whether a physical object, a burden, or a responsibility. It can also mean to endure or tolerate something, or to take something away. It is used in various contexts to describe the act of supporting or conveying.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΙΡΩ, ΥΠΟΦΕΡΩ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be a pre-Greek word or of unknown etymology.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOH

Translations: (to) himself, (for) himself, (to) herself, (for) herself, (to) itself, (for) itself, (to) themselves, (for) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the clause. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the subject itself. It can be used for singular or plural subjects, and its specific meaning (himself, herself, itself, themselves) depends on the gender and number of the subject it refers to. In this dative form, it often conveys the sense of 'to' or 'for' the subject.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G2898

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kra-NEE-oo

Translations: of a skull, of the skull, skull, a skull

Notes: ΚΡΑΝΙΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the noun ΚΡΑΝΙΟΝ, which means 'skull' or 'cranium'. It refers to the bony framework of the head. As a genitive case, it often indicates possession or origin, so it translates as 'of a skull' or 'of the skull'. In the provided context, it is used to describe a place, 'the place of a skull', which is also known as Golgotha.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Etymology: The word ΚΡΑΝΙΟΝ comes from the Greek word κρανίον (kranion), which is related to κράνος (kranos), meaning 'helmet'. It refers to the part of the head that covers the brain.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: LEH-geh-tai

Translations: it is said, it is spoken, it is told, he is said, she is said, it is called

Notes: This word is the third person singular, present indicative, passive form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. Therefore, 'λέγεται' translates to 'it is said' or 'it is spoken'. It indicates that something is being stated or reported by an unspecified agent, or that someone/something is being referred to or called by a certain name.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΡΩ

G4717

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-tow-ROH-san

Translations: they crucified, they did crucify

Notes: This word describes the action of crucifying someone, specifically in the past tense by a group of people. It refers to the act of putting someone to death by nailing or binding them to a cross. It is a compound word, derived from 'σταυρός' (STAUROS), meaning 'cross', and the verbal ending '-όω' (-OO), indicating the action of making or doing something with a cross.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΑΝΑΚΡΕΜΑΝΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The root word ΣΤΑΥΡΟΩ (STAUROO) is derived from the noun ΣΤΑΥΡΟΣ (STAUROS), meaning 'cross' or 'stake'. The verb literally means 'to fix to a cross' or 'to impale'.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G0243

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: AL-looss

Translations: others, other ones, different ones, of another, of someone else, of something else

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective/pronoun 'allos', meaning 'other' or 'another'. In the form 'allous', it can function as the masculine accusative plural, referring to 'other people' or 'other things' as direct objects. It can also be the genitive singular masculine or neuter, meaning 'of another' or 'of someone/something else', indicating possession or origin. Additionally, it could be the genitive singular feminine, meaning 'of another (female person or thing)'. Its meaning depends on the grammatical context.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine OR Genitive, Singular, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

G1782

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: en-TEF-then

Translations: from here, hence, from this place, on this side

Notes: This adverb indicates movement or origin from a specific place or point in time. It can be used to mean 'from this place' or 'from this time forward,' often implying a departure or a new beginning. It can also refer to a direction, meaning 'on this side' or 'on the one hand'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΝΘΑΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΘΕΝ

Etymology: This word is formed from the preposition 'en' (in) and the demonstrative pronoun 'houtos' (this), combined with the suffix '-then' which indicates origin or direction from a place.

G1782

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: en-TEV-then

Translations: from here, hence, from this place, on this side, on that side

Notes: This adverb indicates movement or origin from a specific place, meaning 'from here' or 'hence'. It can also refer to a point in time, meaning 'from now on', or a direction, meaning 'on this side' or 'on that side'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΝΘΑΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΘΕΝ

Etymology: Derived from the Greek preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'at', combined with a suffix indicating origin or direction. It signifies movement from a specific location.

G1125

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EG-rap-sen

Translations: he wrote, she wrote, it wrote

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to write'. It is in the past tense, indicating an action that was completed at a specific point in the past. It refers to the action of a single person or thing (he, she, or it) performing the writing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΡΑΦΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *gerbh-, meaning 'to scratch, to carve'. It originally referred to scratching or carving marks, which evolved into the meaning of writing.

G5087

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-THEE-ken

Translations: he placed, she placed, it placed, he put, she put, it put, he laid, she laid, it laid, he appointed, she appointed, it appointed

Notes: This is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb τίθημι (tithemi), meaning 'to place,' 'to put,' 'to lay,' or 'to appoint.' It describes a completed action in the past, indicating that 'he,' 'she,' or 'it' performed the action of placing or setting something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G4716

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stow-ROO

Translations: (of) a cross, (of) the cross, (of) a stake, (of) the stake

Notes: This word refers to an upright stake, pole, or a cross, often used for crucifixion. In the New Testament, it primarily denotes the instrument of Jesus' crucifixion, symbolizing his death and the Christian faith. It can also refer to the act of crucifixion itself or metaphorically to the suffering and self-denial required of a follower of Christ.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΞΥΛΟΝ, ΠΑΣΣΑΛΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. The noun refers to something that stands upright, hence a stake or pole.

G1125

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ge-GRA-mme-non

Translations: written, a written thing, what is written, scripture

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been written. When used substantively (as a noun), it refers to 'that which has been written' or 'a writing', often specifically referring to 'Scripture' in a religious context. It indicates a completed action with ongoing results.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΓΡΑΦΗ

Etymology: The verb 'γράφω' (graphō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to scratch, to carve, to write'.

G3478

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: nah-zoh-RAI-oss

Translations: Nazarene, a Nazarene, of Nazareth, a man from Nazareth

Notes: This word refers to someone from the town of Nazareth in Galilee. It is often used as an adjective to describe Jesus, indicating his origin from Nazareth, or as a noun referring to him as 'the Nazarene'. It can also refer to followers of Jesus, implying they are 'of the sect of the Nazarenes'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine (can inflect for other cases, genders, and numbers)

Etymology: Derived from the place name Ναζαρέθ (Nazareth), referring to the town in Galilee. It signifies 'one from Nazareth'.

G0314

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-NEG-noh-san

Translations: they read, they have read, they did read

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to read' or 'to recognize'. The form 'ΑΝΕΓΝΩΣΑΝ' indicates an action completed in the past by a group of people. It describes the act of reading something, often aloud or publicly, or recognizing something through reading.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΓΙΓΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΓΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: From ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, 'up, again') and γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, 'to know, to perceive'). The combination implies 'to know again' or 'to read up on', leading to the meaning of reading or recognizing.

G1451

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: ENG-goos

Translations: near, nigh, at hand, close, ready, almost, of near

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'at hand', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used as a preposition with the genitive case, meaning 'near to' or 'close to' something. For example, it might describe a person being physically close to a place, or an event being imminent. It can also convey the sense of 'almost' or 'ready'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); functions as a preposition with the genitive case.

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΓΓΥΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁en- meaning 'in' or 'on'. It has been used in Greek since ancient times to denote proximity.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1677

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: hel-lay-nis-TEE

Translations: in Greek, in the Greek language, Greek-speaking

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'in the Greek language' or 'in the Greek manner'. It describes how something is done or spoken, indicating that it is done using the Greek language or according to Greek customs. For example, one might speak 'in Greek' or write 'in Greek'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΩΣ

Etymology: The word derives from the Greek root 'ΕΛΛΗΝ' (Hellen), referring to a Greek person or anything Greek. The suffix '-ιστι' is an adverbial ending indicating 'in the manner of' or 'in the language of'.

G1125

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GRA-feh

Translations: write!, you write

Notes: This word is the second person singular present active imperative form of the verb 'γράφω', meaning 'to write'. It is a command or instruction directed at a single person, telling them to perform the action of writing. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'Write the letter!'

Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Present, Active, Imperative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gerbh- 'to scratch, carve'. The meaning evolved from 'to scratch, engrave' to 'to write'.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, however, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a contrast, an exception, or an emphasis. It often translates to 'but' or 'yet' when contrasting two ideas, or 'rather' when correcting a previous statement. It can also be used to add emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is an indeclinable particle.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-nos

Translations: that, that one, he, she, it, those, they

Notes: This word functions as a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, pointing to something or someone distant in space or time, or referring to a person or thing previously mentioned in discourse. It emphasizes distinction from something nearer or more immediate. It can be translated as 'that' when used as an adjective, or 'that one', 'he', 'she', 'it', 'they', or 'those' when used as a pronoun, depending on context and gender/number.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: From a combination of the demonstrative particle 'eke' (indicating distance) and the pronominal ending '-inos'. It points to something 'over there' or 'that one yonder'.

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-mee

Translations: to be, I am, you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, they are, to exist, to happen, to occur, to come to pass

Notes: This is the Greek verb 'to be', one of the most fundamental verbs in the language. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being. It can function as a linking verb, connecting the subject to a predicate noun or adjective, or it can indicate simple existence or occurrence. Its meaning often depends on the context and the case of the noun or pronoun it accompanies.

Inflection: Infinitive or First Person Singular Present Active Indicative. It is a highly irregular verb with many forms for person, number, tense, mood, and voice.

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'eimi' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is a very ancient and fundamental verb found across many Indo-European languages.

G4717

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: stow-ROH-san-tes

Translations: crucifying, having crucified, they crucified

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to crucify'. It describes an action of crucifying that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb to modify another part of the sentence. It indicates that the subject of the participle is the one who performed the act of crucifying.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΑΝΑΚΡΕΜΑΝΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: From σταυρός (stauros), meaning 'cross' or 'stake'. The verb σταυρόω means 'to crucify' or 'to fix on a cross'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G2440

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-MA-tee-ah

Translations: garments, clothes, raiment

Notes: This word refers to clothing in general, specifically outer garments or cloaks. It is commonly used to denote the attire worn by people. In ancient contexts, it could refer to a single piece of clothing that served as both a cloak and a blanket.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΜΑΤΑ, ΕΣΘΗΣ

Etymology: The word ἱμάτιον (himátion) is a diminutive of ἱμάς (himás), meaning 'leather strap' or 'thong', which later came to refer to a garment. It is related to the verb ἵημι (híēmi), 'to send, throw', possibly referring to something thrown over the body.

G3313

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MEH-ross

Translations: part, a part, share, a share, portion, a portion, region, a region, side, a side

Notes: This word refers to a part, share, or portion of something. It can also denote a region or a side. It is commonly used to indicate a division or segment of a whole, or a specific area or direction.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΤΜΗΜΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *smer- 'to allot, assign'. It is related to the verb μείρομαι (meiromai), meaning 'to receive one's share'.

G5509

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khee-TOH-nah

Translations: tunic, a tunic, coat, a coat, garment, a garment

Notes: This word refers to a tunic or an undergarment, typically worn close to the body. It was a common piece of clothing in ancient times, often made of linen or wool, and could be worn by both men and women. It is used in sentences to describe an item of clothing that is worn or removed.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΜΑΤΙΟΝ, ΕΝΔΥΜΑ, ΕΣΘΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΧΙΤΩΝ (chitōn) is of Semitic origin, likely borrowed into Greek from a Phoenician or Aramaic term, referring to a type of garment.

G5509

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khee-TON

Translations: tunic, coat, shirt, a tunic, a coat, a shirt

Notes: This word refers to a tunic or an undergarment, typically worn next to the skin. It was a basic piece of clothing in ancient times, often made of linen or wool, and could be worn by both men and women. It is commonly translated as 'tunic,' 'coat,' or 'shirt,' depending on the context and specific style implied.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The word ΧΙΤΩΝ is of Semitic origin, likely borrowed from a word similar to the Hebrew 'kuttoneth' (כֻּתֹּנֶת), which also refers to a tunic or coat. It entered Greek through trade and cultural exchange.

G0729

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: A-RA-phos

Translations: seamless, unsewn, a seamless, an unsewn

Notes: This adjective describes something that is 'seamless' or 'unsewn'. It is used to refer to a garment, particularly one woven in a single piece without seams. It implies an unbroken, continuous fabric, often highlighting its quality or unique construction.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The word 'ΑΡΑΦΟΣ' is derived from the negative prefix 'α-' (alpha privative, meaning 'not' or 'un-') and the verb 'ράπτω' (rhapto), meaning 'to sew' or 'to stitch'. Thus, it literally means 'un-sewn' or 'not stitched together'.

G0509

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AH-noh-then

Translations: from above, again, anew, from the beginning

Notes: This adverb has a dual meaning depending on the context. Spatially, it means 'from above' or 'from a higher place'. Temporally or conceptually, it can mean 'again', 'anew', or 'from the beginning'. In some theological contexts, particularly in the Gospel of John, it carries the significant meaning of 'born from above' or 'born again', emphasizing a spiritual rebirth initiated by God. It can describe the origin of something (from above) or the repetition or renewal of an action (again/anew).

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚΠΑΛΑΙ, ΠΑΛΙΝ, ΕΞΑΡΧΗΣ

Etymology: Derived from the Greek preposition ΑΝΩ (ANO), meaning 'up' or 'above', combined with the suffix -ΘΕΝ (-THEN), which indicates origin or direction 'from'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-pahn

Translations: they said, they spoke

Notes: This word is a third-person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an action of speaking or saying that occurred in the past and is viewed as a completed event. It is used to report what a group of people said.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The verb 'λέγω' (legō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to collect, gather', which evolved to mean 'to pick out, count, tell, say' in Greek.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOOS

Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, nevertheless, however, indeed

Notes: This word is primarily a conjunction used to introduce a contrast or opposition to what has just been stated. It can often be translated as 'but' or 'yet'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'on the contrary' or 'indeed', emphasizing a preceding statement or introducing a strong affirmation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ

Etymology: From the neuter plural of the adjective ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other'. It developed into a conjunction indicating distinction or opposition.

G2975

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-KHO-men

Translations: let us cast lots, let us obtain by lot, let us obtain, let us get

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to obtain by lot' or 'to cast lots for something'. It can also mean simply 'to obtain' or 'to get'. It is used when a decision is made by chance or by divine appointment, often through the drawing of lots. In a sentence, it would describe the action of drawing lots or acquiring something through that method.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Subjunctive, 1st Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΛΗΡΟΩ, ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΕΩ

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: TI-nos

Translations: of someone, of something, of anyone, of anything, of a certain one, of a certain thing, of what, of whom, whose

Notes: ΤΙΝΟΣ is the genitive singular form of the indefinite or interrogative pronoun 'τις'. As an indefinite pronoun, it refers to an unspecified person or thing, often translated as 'someone' or 'something'. As an interrogative pronoun, it asks about the identity or nature of a person or thing, translated as 'whose' or 'of what'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΙΝΩΝ, ΤΙΝΙ, ΤΙΝΑ

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tai

Translations: will be, shall be, it will be, it shall be

Notes: This word is the third person singular future indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It signifies an action or state that will occur in the future. It is commonly used to express future existence, occurrence, or a future state of being, often translated as 'will be' or 'shall be'. For example, 'it will be done' or 'he will be there'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive (deponent in future)

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (to be). It is a very ancient and fundamental verb in the Greek language, tracing its roots back to the earliest stages of Indo-European.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G1124

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GRA-fay

Translations: writing, a writing, scripture, a scripture, document, a document

Notes: This word refers to something written, such as a document, a letter, or a record. In a religious context, especially within the New Testament, it frequently refers to the sacred writings or the Holy Scriptures. It can be used to denote the act of writing or the result of that act.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗ

Etymology: From the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write', which comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to scratch, carve'.

G4137

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: play-roh-THEE

Translations: be fulfilled, be completed, be filled, be made full

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to be filled, to be completed, or to be fulfilled. It is often used in the context of prophecies being fulfilled, time being completed, or a vessel being filled. It describes a state of being brought to fullness or completion.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΓΕΝΟΜΑΙ, ΠΛΗΘΩ

Etymology: The word Πληρόω (plēroō) comes from πλῆρες (plēres), meaning 'full'. It is related to the concept of fullness or completion.

G1268

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-meh-REE-san-toh

Translations: they divided, they distributed, they parted

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the prefix διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb μερίζω (merizō), meaning 'to divide' or 'to distribute'. Therefore, it means 'they divided among themselves' or 'they distributed thoroughly'. It describes an action where a group of people divides something into parts, often for distribution among themselves or others.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΔΙΑΝΕΜΩ, ΜΕΡΙΖΩ

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOYS

Translations: (to) themselves, (for) themselves, themselves, (among) themselves

Notes: This is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. It is used when the action of the verb is directed back to the subject of the sentence. For example, 'they gave to themselves' or 'they saw themselves'. It emphasizes that the subject is both the actor and the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, a compound of the reflexive pronoun 'ἑός' (heos, 'his own') and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self').

G0906

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-bah-lon

Translations: I threw, I cast, I put, I laid

Notes: This is a verb form derived from 'βάλλω' (ballō), which means 'to throw', 'to cast', or 'to put/lay'. The form 'ἔβαλον' (ebalon) is the aorist active indicative, first person singular, meaning 'I threw' or 'I cast'. It describes a completed action in the past. It can also be the third person plural, 'they threw/cast/put'. The provided word 'ΕΒΑΛΟ' is a common spelling variation or a misspelling of 'ἔβαλον' (ebalon) due to the lack of diacritics and potential scribal variations in ancient manuscripts.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular or Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. The root 'βάλλω' (ballō) is an ancient verb meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: is-TAY-kee-san

Translations: they had stood, they stood, they were standing

Notes: This word is a verb, specifically the third person plural pluperfect active indicative form of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. The pluperfect tense indicates an action that was completed in the past before another past action. Therefore, it describes a state of having stood or having been set up. It can also function as an aorist (simple past) in some contexts, meaning 'they stood'.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Pluperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ESTĒSAN, ESTĒKOTES

Etymology: The verb ἵστημι (histēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-, meaning 'to stand'. It is a common verb in Greek, with a wide range of meanings related to standing, setting, or establishing.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G4717

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: stow-ROH

Translations: to crucify, to impale, to fix on a cross

Notes: This verb means to crucify or to impale, referring to the act of putting someone to death by fastening them to a cross or stake. It is often used in the context of execution. For example, one might say 'they crucified him' or 'he was crucified'.

Inflection: Present Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular; or Present Active Subjunctive, 1st Person Singular; or Present Active Imperative, 2nd Person Singular; or Present Active Infinitive

Etymology: From the Greek word ΣΤΑΥΡΟΣ (stauros), meaning 'cross' or 'stake'. The verb is formed from the noun, indicating the action associated with a cross.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FEE

Translations: sister, a sister

Notes: This word refers to a female sibling, a woman born of the same parents as another person. It can also be used more broadly to refer to a close female associate, a fellow Christian woman, or a female member of a community. It is used in sentences to denote a female relationship.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Vocative, or Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix 'ἀ-' (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and 'δελφύς' (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

G3137

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: mar-ee-AM

Translations: Mary, Miriam

Notes: This is a proper noun, the Greek form of the Hebrew name Miriam. It refers to several women in the New Testament, most notably Mary, the mother of Jesus, and Mary Magdalene. The apostrophe at the end (keraia) indicates that this form is indeclinable, meaning it does not change its ending based on grammatical case.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The name is of Hebrew origin, from the name Miriam (מִרְיָם). Its exact meaning is debated, but common suggestions include 'bitter,' 'rebellious,' or 'beloved of Yahweh.'

G3094

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Mag-da-lay-NAY

Translations: Magdalene, Mary Magdalene

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Mary Magdalene, a prominent figure in the New Testament. She is often identified as a follower of Jesus and is mentioned as being present at his crucifixion and as the first witness to his resurrection. It is used to specify 'Mary who is from Magdala' or 'Mary the Magdalene'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The word is derived from the Hebrew/Aramaic place name Magdala, meaning 'tower' or 'fortress'. It designates a person from the town of Magdala, located on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-DON

Translations: having seen, when he saw, when they saw, seeing, looking, perceiving

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb 'οράω' (orao), meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred relative to the main verb. It often indicates the cause or circumstance of another action, such as 'having seen this, he did that'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩΝ, ΘΕΩΡΩΝ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G3936

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-es-TOH-tah

Translations: those who stand by, those who are present, those who are standing by, those who are standing near, those who are at hand, those who are ready

Notes: This word is the accusative plural, neuter, perfect active participle of the verb 'παρίστημι' (paristēmi). It refers to things or people that have come to stand beside or are present. It describes a state of being present or standing near, often implying readiness or attendance. In a sentence, it would function like a noun or an adjective, describing the 'ones' or 'things' that are in a state of having stood by or being present.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Neuter, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΓΓΥΣ

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HUI-os

Translations: son, a son

Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.

G1899

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EYE-tah

Translations: then, next, afterwards, thereupon

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate sequence in time or order, meaning 'then' or 'next'. It can also denote a consequence or result, meaning 'afterwards' or 'thereupon'. It is often used to introduce the next step in a series of events or a logical progression.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑΓΕ, ΕΙΤΟΥΝ

Etymology: This word is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) or from a root meaning 'to go'.

G3101

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mah-thee-TAY

Translations: disciple, a disciple, student, learner

Notes: This word refers to a learner, pupil, or follower. It is commonly used to describe someone who adheres to the teachings of another, such as a student following a teacher or a follower of a particular philosophy or religion. In the New Testament, it frequently refers to the followers of Jesus.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΘΗΤΕΥΤΗΣ, ΕΚΜΑΘΗΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΘΗΤΗΣ (mathētēs) derives from the verb μανθάνω (manthanō), meaning 'to learn' or 'to understand'. It refers to one who learns or is taught.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-deh

Translations: he saw, she saw, it saw

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horao) or 'εἴδω' (eido), which means 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It describes a completed action of seeing in the past, often implying a sudden or definite act of perception. It is used to state that a specific individual (he, she, or it) performed the action of seeing.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The root verb 'ὁράω' (horao) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'. The aorist stem 'εἶδον' (eidon) is a suppletive form, meaning it comes from a different root than the present tense, specifically from an older root related to 'knowing' or 'seeing'.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, off, out of, by, with

Notes: This is a common Greek preposition that indicates separation, origin, or cause. It means 'from' or 'away from' and is often used to show the source of something, the point from which an action begins, or the agent by which something is done. When used as a prefix (ΑΠ- or ΑΠΟ-), it intensifies the idea of separation or completion, often meaning 'off, away, back, completely'. For example, in 'ἀποστέλλω' (apostellō), it means 'to send away'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἀπό (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'. It is a very ancient and common preposition found across many Indo-European languages.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-lah-ben

Translations: he took, she took, it took, he received, she received, it received, he got, she got, it got

Notes: This is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to get.' It describes a completed action in the past performed by a single subject (he, she, or it). For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He took the book' or 'She received the gift.'

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

G3101

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mah-thay-TAYS

Translations: disciple, student, learner, a disciple, a student, a learner

Notes: This word refers to a learner, pupil, or student, especially one who follows the teachings and example of a master. In the New Testament, it is most commonly used to describe followers of Jesus Christ. It implies a close relationship of learning and adherence to the teacher's way of life.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΘΗΤΕΥΤΗΣ, ΕΚΜΑΘΗΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the verb μανθάνω (manthanō), meaning 'to learn' or 'to understand'. It describes one who is engaged in the act of learning or being taught.

G2398

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: EE-dee-ah

Translations: one's own, private, peculiar, personal, individually, privately, separately, apart

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'one's own,' 'private,' or 'peculiar,' referring to something belonging to a specific person or group. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'privately,' 'separately,' or 'individually.' As an adjective, it agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. As an adverb, it describes how an action is performed.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular; Feminine, Accusative, Plural; Neuter, Nominative, Plural; Neuter, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΥ, ΜΟΝΟΣ, ΞΕΧΩΡΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *swe- (reflexive pronoun), meaning 'self.' It developed in Greek to refer to what is 'one's own' or 'private.'

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1492

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EYE-dohs

Translations: knowing, having known, having seen, perceiving, understanding, being aware

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having known' or 'knowing'. It describes someone who possesses knowledge or understanding, often as a result of prior experience or perception. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who knows'). It is derived from the verb 'oida', which means 'to know' or 'to have seen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G2235

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has already occurred. It emphasizes the immediacy or completion of an action or state. It can be used to mean 'already' in the sense of something having taken place before the expected time, or 'now' in the sense of 'at this very moment'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΡΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-d- (meaning 'already, now'). It is related to words meaning 'at that time' or 'then'.

G5055

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: teh-TEH-less-tie

Translations: It is finished, It has been accomplished, It has been completed, It is paid in full

Notes: This word is the perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'τελέω' (teleō). It signifies that something has been brought to a complete and final end, or that a task has been fully accomplished and perfected. It implies a state of completion that has lasting results, often with the sense of a debt being paid in full or a prophecy being fulfilled.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΛΗΡΩΤΑΙ, ΓΕΓΟΝΕΝ

G4632

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SKEV-os

Translations: vessel, a vessel, instrument, an instrument, article, an article, implement, an implement, jar, a jar, container, a container, goods, equipment

Notes: This word refers to any kind of vessel, implement, or article, often implying something useful or designed for a specific purpose. It can denote a container like a jar or pot, a tool or instrument, or more broadly, any piece of equipment or household good. Its meaning is quite versatile and depends on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΓΕΙΟΝ, ΕΡΓΑΛΕΙΟΝ, ΟΡΓΑΝΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΣΚΕΥΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *skeu-, meaning 'to cover, to conceal'. It is related to words signifying equipment or preparation.

G2749

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KAY-toh

Translations: was lying, was laid, was placed, was situated, was set

Notes: This word is the imperfect middle/passive indicative form of the verb 'keimai', meaning 'to lie' or 'to be laid'. It describes a state of being in a particular position or location, often implying a continuous or ongoing action in the past. It can refer to people or objects being in a prone position, or things being set or situated somewhere.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Middle or Passive Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΑΝΑΚΕΙΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to lie'. It is related to Latin 'civis' (citizen) and English 'home'.

G3324

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MES-ton

Translations: full, filled, a full thing, a filled thing

Notes: This word describes something that is full or filled. It is often used to indicate that something is completely occupied or abundant with something else. It can be used in a sentence like 'The basket was full of fruit' or 'The city was filled with people'. When used with a genitive case, it specifies what it is full of.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΗΣ, ΓΕΜΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΣΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to fill' or 'to be in the middle'.

G4060

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-THEH-n-tes

Translations: having put around, having placed around, having put on, having placed on, having surrounded, having clothed

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition περί (peri, meaning 'around') and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi, meaning 'to put' or 'to place'). It describes the action of putting something around or on something else, often implying a surrounding or encircling motion. It can also mean to clothe someone or something with an item.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΝΔΥΩ, ΚΥΚΛΟΩ

G4374

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-AY-neng-kan

Translations: they brought, they offered, they presented

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros, meaning 'to' or 'towards') and the verb φέρω (pherō, meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'). In this form, it means 'they brought to', 'they offered', or 'they presented'. It is used to describe the action of bringing something to someone or something, often in the context of an offering or presentation.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΙΣΦΕΡΩ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ

G2826

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KLEI-nas

Translations: famous, renowned, glorious, illustrious

Notes: This word describes something or someone as being famous, renowned, or glorious. It is used to indicate a high degree of honor or distinction.

Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΞΟΣ, ΕΠΙΣΗΜΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΒΛΕΠΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'κλεινός' (kleinos) is derived from the verb 'κλέω' (kleō), meaning 'to make famous' or 'to celebrate'. It is related to the concept of 'fame' or 'glory' being 'heard' or 'proclaimed'.

G4151

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEV-mah

Translations: Spirit, a spirit, wind, breath

Notes: This word is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΠΝΕΥΜΑ (pneuma). It refers to spirit, breath, or wind. In theological contexts, it often refers to the Holy Spirit. It can also denote a human spirit, a demonic spirit, or simply the physical breath or a gust of wind. It is used to describe an invisible, powerful force or essence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ

Etymology: From the Greek word πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe, to blow'.

G1893

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction, introducing clauses that explain the reason or cause for something, similar to 'because' or 'since'. It can also introduce clauses of time, indicating that something happened 'when' or 'after' another event. Its meaning is determined by the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΩΣ

Etymology: From the prefix ἐπί (epi, 'upon, to') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'in the event that', evolving to 'since' or 'because'.

G1565

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-noo

Translations: of that one, of him, of it, of those, of them, that, those

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. As a pronoun, it refers to a person or thing previously mentioned or understood from context, often translated as 'he', 'him', 'it', 'they', or 'them' when referring to 'that one' or 'those ones'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating 'that' or 'those' specific items. In this genitive form, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΑΥΤΟΣ

G4521

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sahb-BAH-too

Translations: (of) Sabbath, (of) a Sabbath

Notes: This word refers to the Sabbath, which is a day of rest and worship, observed by Jews from Friday sunset to Saturday sunset. In the New Testament, it often refers to the seventh day of the week. The genitive form 'ΣΑΒΒΑΤΟΥ' indicates possession or relationship, often translated as 'of the Sabbath' or 'belonging to the Sabbath'. It is used to specify a time or event in relation to the Sabbath day.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'ΣΑΒΒΑΤΟΝ' is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew word 'šabbāṯ' (שַׁבָּת), meaning 'rest' or 'cessation'. It entered Greek through the Septuagint, the Koine Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible.

G2065

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-roh-TAY-san

Translations: they asked, they questioned, they inquired, they requested

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to ask,' 'to question,' 'to inquire,' or 'to request.' It is commonly used in narratives to describe people seeking information or making a petition. It can be used with a direct object (asking someone something) or an indirect object (asking a question of someone).

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ, ΖΗΤΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΡΩΤΑΩ (erōtaō) is derived from the noun ΕΡΩΤΗΣΙΣ (erōtēsis), meaning 'a question' or 'an inquiry'.

G0794

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ar-THOH-sin

Translations: to be joined, to be fitted together, to be articulated, to be made firm, to be strengthened

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'αρθροω' (arthroo), meaning 'to join together' or 'to articulate'. It describes the process of something being fitted or connected, like bones in a joint, or ideas in a coherent argument. In the provided context, it likely refers to a process of being 'cleansed' or 'purified' in a structured or complete manner, possibly implying a full or proper completion of the purification.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΡΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΣΥΝΔΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'αρθροω' (arthroo) derives from 'αρθρον' (arthron), meaning 'a joint' or 'limb'. It refers to the act of joining or fitting things together, like the parts of a body.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EEL-thon

Translations: I came, I went, they came, they went

Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. The aorist tense describes an action that occurred at a specific point in the past, without emphasizing its duration or completion. It can be translated as 'I came/went' (first person singular) or 'they came/went' (third person plural), depending on the context.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ

Etymology: The word ἔρχομαι (erchomai) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to move' or 'to go'.

G2692

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-AX-an

Translations: they broke, they shattered, they crushed, they fractured

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἄγνυμι (agnymi), meaning 'to break'. Together, it means to break completely, to shatter, or to crush. It is often used to describe the breaking of bones or objects. In a sentence, it would describe an action performed by a group of people, such as 'they broke the pottery' or 'they shattered the idols'.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΡΙΒΩ, ΘΛΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΓΝΥΜΙ is formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἄγνυμι (agnymi), meaning 'to break'. The prefix intensifies the meaning of the verb, indicating a complete or forceful breaking.

G2112

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: EW-thys

Translations: immediately, straightway, forthwith, at once, directly, straight, right, direct, a straight, a right

Notes: ΕΥΘΥΣ can function as an adverb meaning 'immediately' or 'straightway', indicating something happens without delay. It can also function as an adjective meaning 'straight', 'right', or 'direct', describing a path, a person's character, or a judgment. Its meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Adverb (does not inflect); Adjective (Nominative, Masculine or Feminine, Singular)

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΧΡΗΜΑ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ

Etymology: From a primary particle meaning 'straight'. It conveys the idea of directness, either in space (straight line) or time (immediately).

G3140

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-mar-too-REE-ken

Translations: he has testified, he has borne witness, he has given testimony, it has been testified

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to testify' or 'to bear witness'. It is in the perfect tense, indicating an action completed in the past with continuing results in the present. It is used to describe someone who has given testimony or provided evidence.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΩ, ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ, ΣΥΜΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ

Etymology: From μάρτυς (martys, 'witness') and the suffix -έω (-eō), forming verbs of action. It means 'to be a witness' or 'to give witness'.

G0227

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-lay-THAYS

Translations: true, real, genuine, truthful, a true one, a real one

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'true' or 'real'. It describes something that is not false, counterfeit, or imaginary, but rather corresponds to reality or fact. It can refer to a person who is truthful, a statement that is accurate, or a thing that is authentic. It is often used to emphasize the genuine nature of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΤΥΜΟΣ, ΓΝΗΣΙΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΛΗΘΗΣ' (alēthēs) comes from the Greek prefix 'α-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'un-', and 'λήθη' (lēthē), meaning 'forgetfulness' or 'oblivion'. Thus, it literally means 'un-forgetting' or 'not hidden', implying that which is revealed, evident, and therefore true.

G3141

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mar-too-REE-ah

Translations: testimony, witness, evidence, a testimony

Notes: This word refers to a testimony, witness, or evidence, often given in a legal or formal context. It can also refer to the act of bearing witness or providing proof. It is typically used to describe a statement or declaration that confirms or proves something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: From the Greek word μάρτυς (martys), meaning 'witness'. It refers to the act or content of bearing witness.

G2532, G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: kah-KAY-nos

Translations: and that one, and he, and that, and those, and she, and it

Notes: This word is a crasis (contraction) of the conjunction 'καὶ' (and, also, even) and the demonstrative pronoun 'ἐκεῖνος' (that one, he, she, it). It means 'and that one' or 'and he/she/it', often referring to someone or something previously mentioned or understood from context. It can be used to introduce a new subject or object that is also related to the previous statement.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΣ

G5210

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: hoo-MEES

Translations: you, to you, for you, by you, with you

Notes: This word is a second-person plural pronoun. Without diacritics, it most commonly represents either the nominative form 'ὑμεῖς' (you) or the dative form 'ὑμῖν' (to/for/by/with you). Its specific meaning in a sentence depends on the grammatical case it represents, which is often determined by context or the presence of prepositions. It refers to a group of people being addressed.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Dative

Etymology: The word 'ὑμεῖς' (hymeis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *yuH- (you). It is the plural form of the second-person pronoun.

G4937

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-tree-BEE-seh-tai

Translations: will be broken, will be crushed, will be shattered

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the preposition 'σύν' (together with) and the verb 'τρίβω' (to rub, wear out, break). It means to be completely broken, crushed, or shattered. It is used to describe something that will be utterly destroyed or brought to an end, often in a forceful or violent manner.

Inflection: Future, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΡΓΗΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ, ΔΙΑΛΥΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ, ΑΦΑΝΙΣΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ

G2501

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oh-SEF

Translations: Joseph

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to the biblical figure Joseph. It is a common name in the New Testament, appearing as the name of Mary's husband, Joseph of Arimathea, and others. The apostrophe at the end (keraia) indicates that this word is being used as a numeral, representing the number 1018.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, does not inflect when used as a name. When used as a numeral, it represents the number 1018.

Etymology: From Hebrew יוסף (Yosef), meaning 'He will add' or 'He will increase'.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G2928

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: keh-KROO-mmeh-noss

Translations: hidden, concealed, secret, a hidden one, a concealed one

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'κρύπτω' (krypto), meaning 'to hide' or 'to conceal'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been hidden or is in a state of being hidden. It can be used to describe a person, object, or concept that is not visible or is kept secret. For example, it might describe a 'hidden treasure' or a 'secret plan'.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΗΣ, ΛΑΘΡΑΙΟΣ, ΑΠΟΚΡΥΦΟΣ

G4983

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SOH-mah

Translations: body, a body, flesh, a slave

Notes: This word refers to the physical body of a human or animal, or a physical object. It can also metaphorically refer to a group of people or a community, or even to the substance of something. In some contexts, it can refer to a slave or servant, as a 'body' belonging to another.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΑΡΞ, ΧΡΩΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain. It is possibly derived from the verb σῴζω (sōizō), meaning 'to save' or 'to preserve', implying something that is kept or preserved.

G2010

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-TREP-sen

Translations: he permitted, he allowed, he gave permission, he entrusted, he committed

Notes: This is a verb in the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'epitrepō'. It means 'he permitted' or 'he allowed'. It describes an action completed in the past, where someone gave permission or authority for something to happen or for someone to do something. It can also mean 'to entrust' or 'to commit' something to someone.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ

Etymology: The word 'epitrepō' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'epi' (upon, over) and the verb 'trepō' (to turn). The combination suggests turning something over to someone, hence 'to permit' or 'to entrust'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EEL-then

Translations: he came, she came, it came, he went, she went, it went

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'he/she/it came' or 'he/she/it went'. It is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), which means 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes a completed action of movement in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΗΚΕΝ, ΕΒΗ

Etymology: The verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move' or 'to go'.

G0142

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-ren

Translations: he took up, he carried, he lifted, he took away, he removed, he bore, he endured, he picked up, he raised

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'αἴρω' (airō). It describes an action that was completed in the past by a single subject, meaning 'he/she/it took up,' 'carried,' 'lifted,' or 'took away.' It can be used in various contexts to denote the physical act of lifting or removing something, or metaphorically, to bear or endure something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ

Etymology: The verb 'αἴρω' (airō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to lift, to raise, to take away.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G3530

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: nee-ko-DEE-mos

Translations: Nicodemus

Notes: This is a proper name, referring to a specific individual. In the New Testament, Nicodemus was a Pharisee and a member of the Sanhedrin who showed a secret interest in Jesus. The name itself is a compound word, meaning 'victor of the people'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Νικόδημος (Nikodēmos) is of Greek origin, derived from two elements: νίκη (nikē), meaning 'victory', and δῆμος (dēmos), meaning 'people'. Thus, it means 'victory of the people' or 'victor of the people'.

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: el-THOHN

Translations: having come, when he came, after coming, coming

Notes: ΕΛΘΩΝ is the aorist active participle of the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed relative to the main verb of the sentence. It often functions adverbially, indicating the time or manner of the main action, such as 'having come' or 'after he came'. It can also function adjectivally, describing a noun.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΗΚΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-toh

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, earliest, before, at the first, in the first place

Notes: This word describes something that is first in time, order, rank, or importance. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as an adverb indicating the initial position or action. It is often used to denote the beginning of a sequence or the highest position in a hierarchy.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Adverbial form

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: From a superlative form of the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'forward' or 'before'. It signifies being at the very front or beginning.

G2192

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EH-khon

Translations: having, holding, possessing, being, one who has, he who has

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action of having or holding, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially. It can refer to someone who is in possession of something, or simply to someone who is in a certain state or condition.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩΝ

G5342

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: FEH-rohn

Translations: bearing, carrying, bringing, enduring, leading, one who bears, one who carries, one who brings

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ΦΕΡΩ' (phero). It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. It can mean 'bearing,' 'carrying,' 'bringing,' 'enduring,' or 'leading.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or like an adverb, describing how an action is performed. For example, it can describe 'the one who is carrying' or 'while carrying.'

Inflection: Singular, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

G2531

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: KAH-thohss

Translations: just as, even as, according as, as, exactly as, in proportion as, like, according to, inasmuch as

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, meaning 'as' or 'how'). It functions as an adverb or conjunction, primarily used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done or happens in the same way as something else. It can also express correspondence or proportion, meaning 'inasmuch as' or 'to the extent that'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how').

G3419

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MNEE-mee-on

Translations: tomb, a tomb, monument, a monument, sepulchre, a sepulchre

Notes: This word refers to a memorial, monument, or tomb. It is typically used to denote a place where a deceased person is buried or commemorated, often a cave or a constructed structure.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΑΦΟϹ, ΜΝΗΜΑ

Etymology: Derived from the Greek word μνῆμα (mnema), meaning 'memorial' or 'remembrance', which itself comes from the verb μιμνήσκω (mimnesko), 'to remind' or 'to remember'.

G5599, G3739

Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G3762

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: oo-DEES

Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (ou, meaning 'not') and 'εἷς' (heis, meaning 'one'). It functions as an adjective or pronoun, meaning 'no one', 'nobody', 'nothing', or 'not even one'. It is used to express absolute negation or absence. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'There is no one here' or 'He said nothing'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ

Etymology: From the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, 'not') and ΕΙΣ (heis, 'one'). It literally means 'not one'.

G5087

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: teh-THEY-meh-nos

Translations: having been placed, having been put, having been laid, having been set

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to place, put, lay, or set'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has undergone the action of being placed or set. It indicates a completed action with a continuing result, often translated as 'having been placed' or 'that which has been placed'. It can be used to describe a person or object that has been positioned in a certain way.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The verb τίθημι (tithēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-, meaning 'to put, place, set'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, indicating the action of positioning something.

G3904

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-ra-ske-VAYN

Translations: preparation, a preparation, Friday, the day of preparation

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΗΝ (paraskeuēn). It refers to the act of preparing or the state of being prepared. In a specific religious context, it denotes the day of preparation for the Sabbath, which is Friday. Therefore, it can be translated as 'preparation' or 'Friday'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΣΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb παρασκευάζω (paraskeuazō), meaning 'to prepare, make ready', which is formed from παρά (para, 'beside, by') and σκευάζω (skeuazō, 'to prepare, equip').

G5087

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-thay-kan

Translations: they placed, they put, they laid, they appointed, they made

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'τίθημι' (tithemi), meaning 'to place' or 'to put'. It describes an action that was completed in the past by a group of people. It can be used in various contexts, such as placing an object somewhere, laying something down, or even appointing someone to a position or making something happen.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The Koine Greek verb τίθημι (tithemi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-, meaning 'to put, place, set'. This root is the source of many words across various Indo-European languages.

G1722