2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-leh-gon

Translations: they were saying, they said, they were telling, they told

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' (LEGO). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'they were saying' or 'they used to say'. It can also simply indicate a past action, 'they said' or 'they told'. It is commonly used to report speech or actions of a group of people in a narrative.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' (LEGO) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out, count, tell'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', often implying a deliberate or reasoned utterance.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1391

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: doh-roo-foh-RON

Translations: of a bodyguard, of bodyguards, of a spear-bearer, of spear-bearers

Notes: This word is a compound noun, meaning 'spear-bearer' or 'bodyguard'. It refers to someone who carries a spear, often in a protective or military capacity, serving as a personal guard or attendant to a king or important person. In the provided examples, it is used in the genitive plural, indicating possession or association, such as 'of the bodyguards'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΦΡΟΥΡΟΣ, ΣΩΜΑΤΟΦΥΛΑΞ

Etymology: The word ΔΟΡΥΦΟΡΟΣ is a compound of two Greek words: δόρυ (dory), meaning 'spear', and φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. Thus, it literally means 'spear-bearer'.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G3753

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OH-teh

Translations: when, whenever, at which time

Notes: This word functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, indicating a point or period in time. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies when an action occurs or occurred, similar to 'when' or 'whenever' in English. It can refer to a specific past event or a general, recurring condition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΗΝΙΚΑ, ΟΠΟΤΕ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the particle 'te' (then, at that time). It originally meant 'at that time when'.

G3195

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-MEL-len

Translations: was about to, intended to, was going to, was destined to

Notes: ΕΜΕΛΛΕΝ is the imperfect active indicative third person singular form of the verb ΜΕΛΛΩ. It functions as an auxiliary verb, indicating that an action was imminent or intended in the past. It often translates to "was about to" or "was going to" do something, emphasizing a future action from a past perspective. It can also convey a sense of obligation or destiny.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΛΛΕΙΝ, ΕΣΤΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (to grind, crush, rub, beat). In Greek, it developed the sense of 'to delay, to hesitate', and then 'to be about to', implying a delay before an action or an intention.

G4846

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: sool-lam-BAH-nes-thai

Translations: to help, to assist, to seize, to arrest, to conceive, to become pregnant

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (LAMBANŌ), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. Depending on the context, it can mean 'to take together with', hence 'to help' or 'to assist'. It can also mean 'to seize' or 'to arrest' someone, implying taking them into custody. In a biological sense, it means 'to conceive' or 'to become pregnant'.

Inflection: Present Tense, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΕΩ, ΠΙΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (LAMBANŌ), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G5100, G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TIS

Translations: who, what, which, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain, a

Notes: This word is an elided form of ΤΙΣ, indicated by the coronis (ʼ). Without diacritics, ΤΙΣ can be either an interrogative pronoun/adjective (τίς) meaning 'who, what, which' or an indefinite pronoun/adjective (τις) meaning 'someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain, a'. The specific meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics. As an interrogative, it introduces a question. As an indefinite, it refers to an unspecified person or thing.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΙΝΟΣ, ΤΙΝΙ, ΤΙΝΑ

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2042

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-REIP-seh

Translations: he threw, he cast, he threw down, he cast down, he hurled

Notes: ΕΡΕΙΨΕ is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ἐρείπω. It means 'he threw' or 'he cast', often implying a forceful or decisive action of throwing something down or away. It describes a completed action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: The verb ἐρείπω is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the idea of falling or collapsing. It is found in ancient Greek literature with meanings related to throwing down, casting, or causing to fall.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G5599, G3739

Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G2647

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-LYOO-sah-sah

Translations: destroying, overthrowing, abolishing, pulling down, lodging, having destroyed, having overthrown, having abolished, having pulled down, having lodged

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having destroyed' or 'having overthrown'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb λύω (lyo), meaning 'to loose' or 'to release'. Therefore, it literally means 'to loose down' or 'to break down'. It can refer to the destruction of buildings, the overthrow of governments, the abolition of laws, or even the act of lodging or finding a place to stay (as in 'unhitching' or 'unloading' oneself).

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΤΡΕΠΩ, ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΩ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ

Etymology: The verb καταλύω (katalyō) is formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb λύω (lyō), meaning 'to loose', 'to untie', or 'to release'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G0282

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-ky-ROH-sa-sa

Translations: having made void, having annulled, having deprived of authority, having cancelled

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'akyroo', meaning to make void or annul. It describes an action that has been completed by a feminine subject, resulting in something being deprived of its authority or cancelled. It is used to indicate that the subject has rendered something ineffective or invalid.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: KATARGEW, LYW, ANATREPW

Etymology: The word 'akyroo' is a compound of 'a' (alpha privative, meaning 'not' or 'un-') and 'kyroo' (to confirm, ratify, or make valid). Thus, it literally means 'to un-confirm' or 'to make invalid'.

G2556

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ka-KAS

Translations: evil, bad, wicked, base, worthless, harmful, of evil, of bad, of wicked, of base, of worthless, of harmful

Notes: This word describes something as evil, bad, or wicked in nature, character, or effect. It can refer to moral depravity, physical harm, or general worthlessness. It is often used to describe actions, intentions, or people that are morally corrupt or cause detriment. In the provided examples, it describes 'evil intentions' (ἐπινοίας κακάς), 'evil sayings' (ῥήσεις κακάς), and 'evil desires' (ἐπιθυμίας κακάς).

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ

G1081

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: gen-NAI-oh-tah-tah

Translations: bravery, nobility, courage, generosity, a bravery, a nobility, a courage, a generosity

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being noble, brave, or generous. It describes a person's character or actions that demonstrate these virtues. It is used to commend or acknowledge someone's admirable qualities.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΔΡΕΙΑ, ΕΥΓΕΝΕΙΑ, ΜΕΓΑΛΟΨΥΧΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΓΕΝΝΑΙΟΤΗΤΑ (gennaiotēta) is derived from the adjective ΓΕΝΝΑΙΟΣ (gennaios), meaning 'noble, brave, generous', which itself comes from ΓΕΝΟΣ (genos), meaning 'race, family, kind'.

G2509

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: ka-THA-per

Translations: just as, even as, as, according as

Notes: This word is a compound adverb and conjunction meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done in the same way or to the same extent as something else. It functions similarly to 'like' or 'as' in English, setting up a parallel between two actions or states.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΟ

Etymology: ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down, according to', and the particle ΠΕΡ (per), which emphasizes the preceding word. It literally means 'down just as' or 'exactly according to'.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G4721

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STEG-hay

Translations: roof, a roof, house, a house, dwelling, a dwelling

Notes: This word refers to a roof, covering, or a dwelling place. It is commonly used to denote the upper covering of a building, providing shelter. By extension, it can also refer to the entire house or dwelling itself, emphasizing the concept of shelter and habitation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΟΣ, ΔΩΜΑ

Etymology: From the root *steg-, meaning 'to cover'. It is related to words like 'στεγανός' (covered, watertight) and 'στέγω' (to cover, to hold).

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G2476

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ee-DROO-meh-nee

Translations: established, founded, set, placed, settled, fixed

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'hidryō', meaning 'to establish' or 'to found'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been established, founded, or set in place. It implies a state of being firmly fixed or settled.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Perfect, Passive

Synonyms: ΘΕΜΕΛΙΟΩ, ΣΤΗΡΙΖΩ, ΠΗΓΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The verb 'hidryō' comes from 'hedra' (ἕδρα), meaning 'seat' or 'base', which itself is related to the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to sit'.

G0183

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-KLEE-nay

Translations: unwavering, unswerving, steadfast, firm, unbending, unyielding

Notes: This word describes something that is not inclined or bent, thus signifying firmness, steadfastness, or an unwavering resolve. It is used to describe a person's character, faith, or commitment, indicating that they are not easily swayed or moved from their position.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΜΕΤΑΚΙΝΗΤΟΣ, ΒΕΒΑΙΟΣ, ΣΤΕΡΕΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not') and 'κλίνω' (klinō, meaning 'to bend' or 'to incline'). Thus, it literally means 'not bending' or 'not inclining'.

G0182

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-KLEE-nace

Translations: unswerving, unwavering, steadfast, unbending, firm

Notes: This adjective describes something or someone that is not inclined to one side or another, remaining firm and steady. It is often used metaphorically to describe a person's resolve or commitment, indicating an unwavering adherence to a principle or purpose. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'A-' (meaning 'not') and 'ΚΛΙΝΩ' (KLINO), meaning 'to bend' or 'to incline'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΚΑΤΑΛΥΤΟΣ, ΑΣΑΛΕΥΤΟΣ, ΑΣΦΑΛΗΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the negative prefix 'A-' (alpha privative) and the verb 'ΚΛΙΝΩ' (KLINO), meaning 'to bend' or 'to incline'. Thus, it literally means 'not bending' or 'not inclining'.

G5297

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pee-NEHNG-kas

Translations: you endured, you bore, you suffered, you underwent

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. Together, it means to bear up under, to endure, to suffer, or to undergo something. It describes the act of patiently or bravely withstanding a difficult situation, burden, or trial.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΚΑΡΤΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word Ὑποφέρω (hypopherō) is derived from the prefix ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'from below', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear', 'to carry', or 'to bring'. Its etymology reflects the idea of carrying a burden from underneath or enduring something that comes upon one.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G0931

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-SAH-nohn

Translations: of torment, of torture, of trial, of examination, of the touchstone

Notes: This word refers to a test or examination, often implying a severe one, like a touchstone used to test metals. It can also refer to the pain or suffering that results from such a test, thus meaning torment or torture. In a broader sense, it can denote a trial or tribulation. It is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΣΕΩΝ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΩΝ, ΔΟΚΙΜΑΣΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΒΑΣΑΝΟΣ (basanos) originally referred to a Lydian stone used to test the purity of gold and silver. From this literal meaning, it developed the figurative sense of a test, examination, or severe trial, and subsequently, the suffering or torment associated with such a trial.

G5105

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: toy-GAR-oon

Translations: therefore, consequently, accordingly, so then

Notes: This word is a compound adverb used to indicate a logical consequence or conclusion based on what has just been stated. It functions to introduce a summary or a result, often translated as 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It is formed from three particles: ΤΟΙ (TOI), ΓΑΡ (GAR), and ΟΥΝ (OUN), all contributing to its emphatic and conclusive meaning.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟ, ΑΡΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ is a compound word formed from the particles ΤΟΙ (TOI), meaning 'indeed' or 'surely', ΓΑΡ (GAR), meaning 'for' or 'because', and ΟΥΝ (OUN), meaning 'therefore' or 'then'. The combination emphasizes the logical conclusion.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ee-eh-roh-PSY-kheh

Translations: sacred-souled, holy-souled, devout, pious

Notes: This is a compound adjective formed from 'ἱερός' (hieros), meaning 'sacred' or 'holy', and 'ψυχή' (psyche), meaning 'soul' or 'spirit'. It describes someone with a sacred or holy soul, indicating a devout or pious character. It is used to commend or describe individuals who are deeply spiritual or reverent.

Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣΕΒΗΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of ἱερός (hieros), meaning 'sacred' or 'holy', and ψυχή (psyche), meaning 'soul' or 'spirit'. It is formed by combining these two elements to describe a quality of the soul.

G5281

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-po-mo-NAYS

Translations: of endurance, of patience, of perseverance, of steadfastness

Notes: This word refers to the act of remaining under or enduring, often with a sense of steadfastness or patient waiting. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under', and 'μένω' (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. It describes the capacity to bear up under difficult circumstances without giving in or losing hope, often implying an active, rather than passive, resistance to adversity. It can be used in contexts of enduring trials, waiting patiently for a promise, or steadfastly holding to one's faith.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΙΑ, ΑΝΔΡΕΙΑ, ΕΓΚΡΑΤΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΥΠΟΜΟΝΗ (hypomonē) is derived from the Greek preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under', and the verb μένω (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. It literally means 'a remaining under' or 'a patient enduring'.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: EKH-oo-sah

Translations: having, holding, possessing, being, wearing, containing, keeping, a having, a holding

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ΕΧΩ' (echo), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state of the subject. It can be translated as 'having,' 'holding,' or 'possessing,' and often indicates a continuous or ongoing action. For example, it might describe someone 'having' a certain quality or 'holding' an object.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OOKH

Translations: no, not, never, by no means

Notes: This word is a negative adverb used to express absolute negation. It is typically used before a vowel with a rough breathing mark (like 'ουχί' or 'οὐχ') or before a consonant with a smooth breathing mark (like 'οὐκ'). It denies a statement or fact, indicating that something is not true or does not exist. It can be used to negate verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΚ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂u- meaning 'not'. It is an ancient Greek negative particle.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G2525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-thes-TEE-ke

Translations: has been established, has been appointed, has been made, has been set, has been put, has been constituted, has been placed, has been made to stand

Notes: This word describes something that has been established, appointed, or set in a particular state or position. It indicates a completed action with ongoing results, meaning something has come to be in a certain condition and remains so. It can refer to a person being appointed to an office or a thing being set in place or made to exist.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Perfect Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΕΝ, ΕΣΤΗΚΕΝ, ΤΕΤΑΚΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word καθίστημι (kathistēmi) is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. Together, they convey the idea of setting something down or establishing it firmly.

G3816

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PAI-das

Translations: children, boys, servants, slaves

Notes: This word refers to children, particularly boys, but can also denote young people in general, or even servants and slaves regardless of age, depending on the context. It is used here in the accusative plural form, indicating that the children/boys/servants are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΑ, ΥΙΟΙ, ΔΟΥΛΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΑΙΣ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'child' or 'boy'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that refer to young people or offspring.

G5457

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: fo-tah-goh-GAY-sah-sah

Translations: having enlightened, having illuminated, having brought to light, having given light

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from 'φῶς' (light) and 'ἀγωγή' (a leading, bringing). It means to enlighten, illuminate, or bring to light. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, indicating that the subject has performed the act of enlightening or illuminating. It is often used in a figurative sense, referring to spiritual or intellectual illumination.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΩΤΙΖΩ, ΛΑΜΠΩ, ΔΗΛΟΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΩΤΑΓΩΓΕΩ is a compound of φῶς (phōs), meaning 'light', and ἀγωγή (agōgē), meaning 'a leading' or 'a bringing'. It literally means 'to lead or bring light'.

Part of Speech: Article

Sounds like: TAYN

Translations: the

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΤΗΝ (TĒN), which is the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As an article, it always precedes the noun it modifies and agrees with it in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used with feminine singular nouns in the accusative case.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from a demonstrative pronoun in Proto-Indo-European. It evolved to function as a definite article, specifying nouns.

G2150

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-SEH-bee-ahn

Translations: piety, godliness, reverence, devotion, a piety, a godliness

Notes: This word refers to piety or godliness, indicating a devout and reverent attitude towards God. It describes a life characterized by devotion and respect for divine principles, often encompassing both worship and ethical conduct. It is used to describe the practice of true religion.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΡΗΣΚΕΙΑ, ΕΥΛΑΒΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΕΥΣΕΒΙΑ (eusebia) is a compound word derived from two Greek terms: ΕΥ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ (sebomai), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. Thus, it literally means 'well-worship' or 'good reverence', referring to proper devotion and respect towards God.

G2525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-thes-TEE-kas

Translations: you have appointed, you have established, you have set, you have constituted

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition κατά (down, against) and the verb ἵστημι (to stand, to set). It means to set down, to appoint, to establish, or to constitute. It is used to describe the act of placing someone in a position of authority or responsibility, or to establish something firmly.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΟΡΙΖΩ, ΤΑΣΣΩ

G2334

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: THOH

Translations: I put, I place, I lay, I set

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to put,' 'to place,' 'to lay,' or 'to set.' It is used to describe the action of physically placing something somewhere. It is an archaic or poetic form of the verb 'τίθημι' (tithemi), which means the same thing. It is often found in older texts or specific literary contexts.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΕΙΜΑΙ

Etymology: This word is an archaic or poetic form of the verb τίθημι (tithemi), which comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to put' or 'to place.'

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G3816

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: py-doh-poy-EE-ah

Translations: childbearing, procreation, begetting of children

Notes: This is a compound noun meaning 'childbearing' or 'procreation'. It refers to the act of producing children. It is formed from 'παιδο-' (paido-), meaning 'child', and '-ποιία' (-poiia), meaning 'making' or 'doing'. It is used to describe the process or act of having children.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΙΣ, ΤΕΚΝΟΓΟΝΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΙΔΟΠΟΙΙΑ is a compound of the noun ΠΑΙΣ (pais), meaning 'child', and the verb root ΠΟΙΕΩ (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. It literally means 'child-making'.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: AY

Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be

Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.

G3588, G3739

Part of Speech: Article, Pronoun, Numeral

Sounds like: HAY

Translations: the, who, which, what, that, she, a, an, 8

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation, indicated by the overline. It most commonly represents the feminine nominative singular definite article 'ἡ' (he), meaning 'the' or 'a/an'. It can also represent the feminine nominative singular relative pronoun 'ἥ' (he), meaning 'who', 'which', or 'that'. Additionally, 'Η' (eta) can function as the numeral 8 in the Greek numbering system. The context of the sentence is crucial for determining the correct meaning.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine (for article/pronoun); Does not inflect (for numeral)

G5618

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: TI-nos

Translations: of someone, of something, of anyone, of anything, of a certain one, of a certain thing, of what, of whom, whose

Notes: ΤΙΝΟΣ is the genitive singular form of the indefinite or interrogative pronoun 'τις'. As an indefinite pronoun, it refers to an unspecified person or thing, often translated as 'someone' or 'something'. As an interrogative pronoun, it asks about the identity or nature of a person or thing, translated as 'whose' or 'of what'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΙΝΩΝ, ΤΙΝΙ, ΤΙΝΑ

G2222

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: zoh-grah-FEE-sai

Translations: to paint, to draw, to depict, to portray

Notes: This word means to paint, draw, or depict something, often used in the context of creating an image or representation. It can refer to the act of painting a picture or metaphorically portraying a scene or character.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΩ, ΕΙΚΟΝΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of ΖΩΟΣ (ZOOS), meaning 'living' or 'alive', and ΓΡΑΦΩ (GRAPHŌ), meaning 'to write' or 'to draw'. Thus, it literally means 'to draw from life' or 'to depict living things'.

G2477

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: his-toh-REE-ah

Translations: history, a history, account, an account, narrative, a narrative, inquiry, an inquiry, research, a research

Notes: This word refers to history, an account, or a narrative. It can also denote an inquiry or research, reflecting its original meaning of learning by inquiry. It is used to describe a chronological record of events or a detailed report of something that has happened.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΗΓΗΣΙΣ, ΑΦΗΓΗΣΙΣ, ΛΟΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word "ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ" comes from the Ancient Greek word "ἱστορία" (historía), meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation." It is related to "ἵστωρ" (hístōr), meaning "wise man, judge, witness."

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AN

Translations: if, perhaps, whatever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, as soon as, until, before

Notes: This word is a conditional particle used to express possibility, contingency, or indefiniteness. It is often used with the subjunctive mood to form conditional clauses, indicating that an action or state is dependent on a certain condition. It can also be combined with other words to form indefinite relative pronouns or adverbs, such as 'whoever', 'whatever', or 'whenever'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΟΤΑΝ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The particle 'an' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en- meaning 'on, at'. It is an ancient Greek particle that has been used since classical times.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2334

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: theh-oh-ROON-tes

Translations: seeing, observing, beholding, looking at, contemplating, considering

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'those who are seeing' or 'while seeing'. It describes the action of observing or beholding something, often with a sense of contemplation or careful consideration. It can be used to describe someone who is actively watching an event unfold or carefully examining an object or situation.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΟΝΤΕΣ, ΟΡΩΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G5043

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEK-noh

Translations: to a child, for a child, with a child

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΤΕΚΝΟΝ' (teknon), meaning 'child' or 'offspring'. It indicates the indirect object of an action, signifying 'to' or 'for' a child, or sometimes 'with' a child, depending on the context. It is used to show the recipient or beneficiary of an action.

Inflection: Dative, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΑΙΔΙΩ

Etymology: The word ΤΕΚΝΟΝ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to beget' or 'to produce'. It is related to the verb τίκτω (tiktō), meaning 'to bear, bring forth'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3360

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during

Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ

Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.

G1096

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: gigh-NOH-meh-nas

Translations: being, becoming, happening, coming into being, arising, being born, existing, occurring

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'γίγνομαι'. It describes something that is in the process of 'being', 'becoming', 'happening', or 'coming into existence'. It can be used to describe events that are occurring or things that are being created or born. In a sentence, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate an ongoing state or action.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Feminine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΓΕΝΝΑΩ, ΦΥΩ

G0001

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AX-ee-on

Translations: worthy, deserving, fitting, proper, a worthy one, a deserving one

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'worthy' or 'deserving'. It is often used to describe someone or something that merits a particular action, honor, or consequence. The apostrophe at the end (keraia) indicates that this form is likely used as a numeral, representing the number 1061, or it could be an elision of a word like 'ΑΞΙΟΝ' followed by a word starting with a vowel.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ, ΠΡΕΠΩΝ, ΕΥΘΥΣ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: ep-EE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, by, in, for, in addition to, besides, after, during, when, because of, concerning

Notes: This word is a common Koine Greek preposition that can also function as an adverb or a prefix. Its meaning is highly dependent on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place or time), 'in the time of', or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'on, upon, at' (of place), 'in addition to', 'for the purpose of', or 'because of'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'on, upon, to' (indicating motion towards), 'against', 'over' (of authority), or 'for' (of purpose). As a prefix, it generally adds the meaning of 'upon', 'over', 'to', or 'in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑ, ΥΠΕΡ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G2008

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-TAH-fee-oo

Translations: of a funeral oration, of a funeral speech, of a tombstone inscription

Notes: This word refers to something related to a tomb or a funeral. It is often used to describe a funeral oration or speech delivered in honor of the deceased, or an inscription found on a tombstone. It is a compound word formed from 'epi' (upon, over) and 'taphos' (tomb, burial).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΚΗΔΕΙΟΥ, ΕΠΙΜΝΗΜΟΝΕΥΜΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΤΑΦΙΟΣ is derived from the Greek preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the noun ΤΑΦΟΣ (taphos), meaning 'tomb' or 'burial'. Thus, it literally means 'upon a tomb' or 'for a tomb', referring to something associated with a burial place.

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G2387

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: YAM-nee-an

Translations: Jamnia, Jabneh

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a variant of 'ΙΑΜΝΙΑ' (Jamnia), a significant ancient city located on the Mediterranean coast of Judea. It was a prominent Jewish center after the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD. The city is mentioned in historical texts, including the books of Maccabees, as a place of military activity and a center of Jewish life.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Jamnia' is of Semitic origin, likely derived from a root meaning 'right hand' or 'south'. It was an ancient Canaanite city before being settled by the Philistines and later by the Israelites.

G1759

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: en-TOW-tha

Translations: here, there, in this place, in that place

Notes: This word is an adverb of place, meaning 'here' or 'there', indicating a specific location. It is used to point out where an action is taking place or where something is located. It can refer to a place near the speaker ('here') or a place previously mentioned or understood ('there').

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition 'en' (in) and the demonstrative pronoun 'autou' (of him/it), combined with the adverbial suffix '-tha'. It literally means 'in this very place'.

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: en-TOW-thoy

Translations: here, there, in this place, in that place

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating location, meaning 'here' or 'there'. It specifies a position or place, often used to refer to the immediate vicinity or a previously mentioned location. It is an older form of the more common Koine Greek adverb 'ΕΝΤΑΥΘΑ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΑΥΘΑ, ΩΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΕΝΤΑΥΘΟΙ is an older, more archaic form of the adverb ΕΝΤΑΥΘΑ, which means 'here' or 'there'. It is derived from the demonstrative pronoun οὗτος (this, that) combined with a locative suffix.

G1094

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: geh-ROHN

Translations: old man, an old man, elder

Notes: This word refers to an old man or an elder. It is used to describe someone who is advanced in age, often implying wisdom or respect due to their years. It can be used in a general sense for any elderly male, or specifically for an elder in a community or religious context.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΗΣ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΣ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵerh₂- meaning 'to grow old'. It is related to the Greek word γῆρας (gēras), meaning 'old age'.

G2409

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-REH-oos

Translations: priest, a priest

Notes: This word refers to a priest, a person authorized to perform sacred rites of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and God or gods. In ancient contexts, priests were often responsible for sacrifices, rituals, and interpreting divine will. It is typically used to refer to a male religious official.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἱερός (hieros), meaning 'sacred' or 'holy'. The suffix -εύς (-eus) indicates a person associated with or performing a specific function.

G1094

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GEH-reh-ah

Translations: old woman, a old woman, priestess, a priestess

Notes: This word refers to an old woman, often specifically a priestess or an elderly female religious figure. It is used to describe a woman who is advanced in years, particularly in a context that might imply wisdom, respect, or a religious role.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΕΡΕΑ (γέρεια) is derived from the adjective γέρων (geron), meaning 'old man' or 'elderly'. It refers to an old woman, often with a connotation of respect or a specific role.

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Particle

Sounds like: EP-see-lon (as a letter name), eh (as a sound)

Translations: E, 5, if, then, indeed

Notes: This is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, epsilon. It can represent the number 5. As a standalone word, 'Ε' is not typically found in Koine Greek texts. It is highly probable that 'Ε' in the provided context is a typographical error or an abbreviation for a word like 'εἰ' (if) or 'ἐν' (in). If it were 'εἰ', it would function as a conditional particle meaning 'if'. If it were 'ἐν', it would be a preposition meaning 'in' or 'among'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or numeral). As a particle, it does not inflect.

Etymology: The letter Epsilon (Ε) is derived from the Phoenician letter He. Its name 'epsilon' means 'simple E' to distinguish it from the diphthong 'αι' (ai), which had come to be pronounced the same way.

G2749

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-keh-KAY-de-oo-tai

Translations: has been taken care of, has been buried, has been married, has been concerned for

Notes: This is the third person singular, perfect, passive, indicative form of the verb κηδεύω (kēdeuō). It describes an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results in the present. Depending on context, it can mean 'to have been taken care of,' 'to have been buried,' 'to have been married,' or 'to have been concerned for.' The passive voice indicates that the subject is receiving the action.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΘΑΠΤΩ, ΓΑΜΕΩ

G4174

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: po-li-TEI-an

Translations: citizenship, a citizenship, commonwealth, a commonwealth, state, a state, government, a government, polity, a polity

Notes: This word refers to the rights and duties of a citizen, the administration of a state, or the form of government itself. It can also denote the body of citizens or the community as a whole. In a sentence, it would typically be used to describe the political system or the status of being a citizen within a particular society.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑ

G2647

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-LOO-sai

Translations: to destroy, to abolish, to overthrow, to pull down, to lodge, to unyoke, to dissolve, to put an end to

Notes: This word means to destroy, abolish, or overthrow something, often referring to institutions, laws, or structures. It can also mean to pull down a building or to dissolve a relationship. In a different context, it can mean to unyoke animals or to lodge for the night, implying a stopping or resting place. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'λύω' (to loose, to release, to destroy).

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΩ

G2309

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: THEH-loh-tas

Translations: wanting, wishing, desiring, intending, willing

Notes: This word is the masculine nominative singular present active participle of the verb 'θέλω' (thelo), meaning 'to want,' 'to wish,' 'to desire,' or 'to intend.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who is in the act of wanting or willing. It can also be used substantively, meaning 'the one who wants' or 'he who wills.'

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ

G2309

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: theh-LOH-tos

Translations: of willing, of wishing, of wanting, of desiring, of intending

Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the present active participle of the verb 'θέλω' (thelo). It describes someone or something that is in the act of willing, wishing, wanting, or intending. It is often used to indicate the subject or agent of an action that is characterized by a desire or intention.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΕΝΟΥ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΟΥΝΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1085

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GEH-nos

Translations: race, kind, family, nation, offspring, stock, a race, a kind

Notes: This word refers to a group of people or things sharing a common origin, characteristic, or lineage. It can denote a family, a nation, a race, a species, or a type. It is often used to describe a lineage or descent, such as 'the race of Israel' or 'the family of David'. It can also refer to a general category or kind of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁- meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generation' in English.

G0879

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-foh-RON-tes

Translations: looking away from, looking intently at, fixing one's eyes on

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'αφοράω' (aphorao). It is a compound word formed from 'από' (apo, meaning 'away from') and 'οράω' (horao, meaning 'to see'). It describes the action of looking away from other things in order to focus intently on a single object or person. It implies a concentrated gaze or a deliberate shift of attention.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΜΒΛΕΠΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The verb 'αφοράω' (aphorao) is a compound of the preposition 'από' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb 'οράω' (horao), meaning 'to see'. This etymology highlights the sense of looking away from other things to focus on one specific object.

G5278

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: hoo-po-MEE-nan-tes

Translations: having endured, enduring, persevering, remaining, having remained

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ὙΠΟΜΕΝΩ (hypomeno), which means to remain under, to endure, to persevere, or to bear up under trials. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed (aorist tense) by the subject, often translated as 'having endured' or 'having persevered'. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing how an action was performed.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ, ΑΝΤΕΧΩ

G1063

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive conjunction, meaning it typically appears after the first word in its clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. It can also serve to emphasize a statement or introduce a logical consequence.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΤΙ

Etymology: The word 'γάρ' (gar) is an ancient Greek conjunction. It is believed to be a contraction of 'γέ ἄρα' (ge ara), combining an emphasizing particle with an inferential particle.

G0073

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-GOHN

Translations: contest, struggle, fight, race, assembly, a contest, an assembly

Notes: This word refers to a gathering or assembly, particularly for a public competition or struggle, such as an athletic contest or a legal dispute. It can also denote the struggle or conflict itself, often implying a strenuous effort or a spiritual battle.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΠΑΛΗ, ΔΡΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to drive, to lead'. In Greek, it developed to refer to a gathering, especially for games or contests, and then to the contest itself.

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, god, (of) God, (to) God

Notes: This word is almost certainly a misspelling or an alternative transcription of the Koine Greek word 'ΘΕΟΣ' (Theos), which means 'God' or 'a god'. It refers to the supreme being, a deity, or a divine power. It can be used in a general sense to refer to any god, or specifically to the God of Israel. It is commonly used in religious and philosophical contexts.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to do, to put, to place' or 'to set up, to establish', suggesting a connection to the idea of a creator or an established power.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G1096

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: geh-geh-NEE-meh-noss

Translations: having become, having been born, having come into being, having been made, having happened

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing a noun, or can be used verbally to indicate an action that has been completed and has ongoing results. It describes something that has already occurred or come into existence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΩΣ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey similar ideas of origin or becoming.

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G703

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-reh-TEH

Translations: virtue, excellence, moral excellence, a virtue, an excellence

Notes: This word refers to moral excellence, virtue, or any quality that makes a person or thing outstanding. It encompasses a broad range of positive attributes, including moral goodness, courage, and effectiveness. In ancient Greek thought, it was often associated with the fulfillment of one's purpose or function. It is used to describe a state of moral goodness or a specific act of virtue.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣΥΝΗ, ΑΓΑΘΟΣΥΝΗ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΑΡΕΤΗ' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Greek verb 'αρέσκω' (areskō), meaning 'to please' or 'to be fitting'. It has been used since Homeric times to denote excellence of any kind.

G1381

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: doh-kee-MAH-zoo-sah

Translations: testing, proving, examining, discerning, approving, one who tests, one who proves

Notes: This word means to test, examine, prove, or approve something or someone. It implies a process of evaluation to determine genuineness, worth, or fitness. It can also mean to discern or to put to the test. It is often used to describe the process of trying something out to see if it is acceptable or true.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ, ΕΞΕΤΑΖΩ, ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ (dokimazo) comes from the Greek word δόκιμος (dokimos), meaning 'approved, tested, tried, genuine'. This root relates to the idea of something that has been put to the test and found to be acceptable or true.

G0861

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: af-thar-SEE-ah

Translations: incorruption, immortality, imperishability, incorruptibility

Notes: This word refers to the state of being incorruptible, immortal, or imperishable. It denotes a quality of not being subject to decay, destruction, or death. It is often used in theological contexts to describe the nature of God, the resurrected body, or the eternal life granted to believers. It is a compound word formed from the alpha privative 'α-' (meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'φθαρσία' (meaning 'corruption' or 'decay').

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΑ, ΑΦΘΑΡΤΟΣ

Etymology: Derived from the negative prefix 'α-' (alpha privative) and 'φθαρτός' (corruptible, perishable), which comes from 'φθείρω' (to corrupt, destroy). Thus, it literally means 'not corruptible' or 'imperishable'.

G2222

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DZOH-ay

Translations: life, a life

Notes: This word refers to life in its broadest sense, encompassing both physical and spiritual existence. It can denote the principle of life, the period of life, or the way of life. It is often used to describe the state of being alive, as well as the quality of that existence, particularly in a spiritual or eternal context.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΙΟΣ, ΨΥΧΗ

Etymology: From the verb ζάω (zaō), meaning 'to live'. It is related to the concept of vital breath and existence.

G1642

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: eh-leh-AH-zar

Translations: Eleazar

Notes: Eleazar is a common masculine proper name of Hebrew origin, frequently appearing in the Old Testament and occasionally in the New Testament. It refers to several individuals, most notably the son of Aaron, who succeeded his father as High Priest of Israel. It is used to identify a specific person.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine

Etymology: The name Eleazar is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name El'azar (אֶלְעָזָר), meaning 'God has helped' or 'God is my helper'. It combines 'El' (God) and 'azar' (to help).

G4314, G75

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: proh-ay-goh-NEE-zeh-toh

Translations: he contended before, he struggled before, he fought before, he strove before

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the prefix 'προ-' (pro-), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the verb 'ἀγωνίζομαι' (agonizomai), meaning 'to contend', 'struggle', or 'fight'. The word describes someone who was contending, struggling, or fighting in advance or on behalf of someone or something, or perhaps in a prominent position. It implies an ongoing or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΩΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΛΑΙΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the verb 'ἀγωνίζομαι' (agonizomai), which comes from 'ἀγών' (agon), meaning 'assembly', 'contest', or 'struggle'.

G1726

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-ATH-lee

Translations: struggled, contended, fought, endured, suffered

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'εναθλέω' (enathleo). It describes someone who has struggled, contended, or fought, often in a contest or a difficult situation. It implies enduring hardship or engaging in a struggle. In the provided context, it refers to the mother's struggle or suffering.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΓΩΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΛΑΙΩ

Etymology: The word 'εναθλέω' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'εν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'among', and the verb 'αθλέω' (athleo), meaning 'to contend' or 'to struggle'. The root 'αθλέω' is related to 'αθλον' (athlon), meaning 'prize' or 'contest', from which English words like 'athlete' are derived.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FOY

Translations: brothers, fellow believers, countrymen, kinsmen

Notes: This word refers to brothers, either by blood or in a broader sense, such as fellow countrymen, kinsmen, or members of the same community or faith. It is a compound word formed from 'α-' (a-, meaning 'together' or 'same') and 'δελφύς' (delphys, meaning 'womb'), literally meaning 'from the same womb'. It is commonly used to address a group of male individuals who share a close bond or common origin.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΙ, ΣΥΓΓΕΝΕΙΣ, ΟΜΟΦΥΛΟΙ

G5177

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: too-RAH-noss

Translations: tyrant, a tyrant, ruler, despot

Notes: This word refers to a ruler who holds absolute power, often one who has seized power unconstitutionally. While in modern English 'tyrant' carries a negative connotation of oppressive rule, in ancient Greek, especially initially, it could simply refer to a powerful ruler or monarch, without necessarily implying cruelty or injustice. It is used to describe a powerful individual in authority.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ, ΔΥΝΑΣΤΗΣ, ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ

Etymology: The word 'tyrannos' is of pre-Greek origin, likely from an Anatolian language. It entered Greek during the Archaic period and originally referred to an absolute ruler, often one who came to power outside of hereditary succession.

G2889

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOS-mos

Translations: world, a world, universe, order, adornment, decoration, ornament

Notes: This word refers to the world or the universe, often implying an ordered system. It can also refer to adornment or decoration, such as jewelry or clothing, highlighting the idea of something well-arranged or beautiful. In a broader sense, it can denote humanity or the inhabitants of the earth.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ, ΑΙΩΝ, ΓΗ

Etymology: From the verb κοσμέω (kosmeō), meaning 'to arrange, to put in order, to adorn'. The noun form thus carries the sense of something ordered, arranged, or beautiful.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: an-THRO-pon

Translations: of men, of people, of humans

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for the Koine Greek word 'ΑΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ' (anthrōpōn), which is the genitive plural form of 'ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ' (anthrōpos), meaning 'human' or 'man'. It refers to something belonging to or related to multiple people or humanity in general. For example, it could be used in phrases like 'the customs of men' or 'the wisdom of people'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΩΝ, ΑΝΔΡΩΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνθρώπων (anthrṓpōn), genitive plural of ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos), which is of uncertain origin, possibly from ἀνήρ (anēr, “man”) and ὤψ (ōps, “eye, face”).

G0979

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BEE-os

Translations: life, a life, living, means of life, livelihood, wealth, property

Notes: This word refers to life in its physical sense, often emphasizing the duration or manner of one's existence, or the means by which one lives, such as one's livelihood or possessions. It can describe the course of life, the resources for life, or even the substance of life itself. It is distinct from other Greek words for life, such as 'ζωή' (zoe), which often refers to life in its essential, spiritual, or eternal aspect.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΖΩΗΝ, ΒΙΟΤΗ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷih₃w- meaning 'to live'. It is related to the verb 'ζάω' (zaō), meaning 'to live'.

G2334

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-theh-OH-ree

Translations: he was observing, he was looking at, he was beholding, he was seeing, he was contemplating

Notes: This word is the 3rd person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'θεωρέω' (theoreo). It describes an ongoing action in the past, meaning 'he/she/it was observing' or 'was looking at'. It implies a continuous or repeated act of seeing, beholding, or contemplating, often with a sense of careful attention or consideration.

Inflection: Singular, 3rd Person, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ

Etymology: The verb 'θεωρέω' (theoreo) comes from 'θεωρός' (theoros), meaning 'spectator' or 'one who sees'. This in turn is derived from 'θέα' (thea), meaning 'a sight' or 'a spectacle', and 'ὁράω' (horaō), meaning 'to see'.

G2317

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: theh-oh-SEH-bee-ah

Translations: godliness, piety, a godliness, a piety

Notes: This word is a compound noun formed from 'θεός' (God) and 'σέβω' (to worship or revere). It refers to the quality of being devout or pious towards God, encompassing reverence, worship, and a life lived in accordance with divine will. It describes a deep and practical devotion to God.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΕΙΑ, ΕΥΛΑΒΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of 'θεός' (theos), meaning 'God,' and 'σέβω' (sebo), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere.' It literally means 'God-worship' or 'God-reverence,' indicating a state of devotion and piety towards God.

G4737

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: steh-fah-NOO-sah

Translations: crowning, adorning, encircling with a crown

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'crowning' or 'adorning with a crown'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It is used to indicate that someone or something is performing the act of placing a crown or garland upon another, or metaphorically, bestowing honor or glory.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Feminine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΕΩ, ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΦΟΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΩ (stephanoō) is derived from the noun ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ (stephanos), meaning 'crown' or 'garland'. It refers to the act of putting on or bestowing a crown.

G3551

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: noh-moh-theh-SEE-ah

Translations: legislation, law-giving, a law-giving

Notes: This word refers to the act of giving or enacting laws, or the system of laws itself. It is a compound word derived from 'NOMOS' (law) and 'TITHĒMI' (to place or set). It can be used to describe the process by which laws are established or the body of laws that govern a society.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΣ, ΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word 'nomothetes' (lawgiver), which is a compound of 'nomos' (law) and 'tithemi' (to place, set). It refers to the act or process of establishing laws.

G0143

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ath-LEE-tes

Translations: athletes, competitors, contestants

Notes: This word refers to an athlete or a competitor in public games or contests. It is used to describe someone who engages in a struggle or competition, often implying a disciplined effort to achieve a prize or victory. In ancient contexts, this would typically refer to participants in athletic events like the Olympic Games.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΓΩΝΙΣΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word "ἀθλητής" (athlētēs) derives from "ἆθλον" (athlon), meaning 'prize of a contest' or 'contest itself', and "ἀθλέω" (athleō), meaning 'to contend for a prize, to struggle'. It is related to "ἆθλος" (athlos), meaning 'a contest, struggle, or labor'.

G3550

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: noh-moh-theh-SEE-as

Translations: of lawgiving, of legislation, of the giving of the law

Notes: This word refers to the act or process of making laws, or the system of laws itself. It is a compound word formed from 'νόμος' (nomos), meaning 'law', and 'τίθημι' (tithēmi), meaning 'to place' or 'to set'. Thus, it literally means 'the placing of law' or 'the setting of law'. It is used to describe the establishment of a legal system or the body of laws that have been established.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΘΕΤΗΣΙΣ, ΝΟΜΟΘΕΤΗΜΑ

G1607

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-ep-LAH-gee-san

Translations: they were astonished, they were amazed, they were astounded

Notes: This word describes a state of being utterly astonished, amazed, or astounded, often to the point of being struck with wonder or bewilderment. It implies a strong emotional reaction to something unexpected or extraordinary. It is typically used to describe a group of people experiencing this profound surprise.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΘΑΥΜΑΖΩ, ΕΚΣΤΑΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἐκπλήσσω (ekplēssō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and πλήσσω (plēssō), meaning 'to strike' or 'to smite'. Thus, it literally means 'to strike out' or 'to strike with astonishment'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very, a same, the same

Notes: This word functions as both a pronoun and an adjective. As a pronoun, it can mean 'he, she, it' (third person personal pronoun) or be used intensively to mean 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. When used as an adjective, it means 'the same' or 'the very'. Its meaning depends on its position and context within a sentence. For example, when used attributively with an article (e.g., ὁ αὐτὸς), it means 'the same'. When used predicatively or without an article, it often has an intensive meaning ('he himself').

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Singular or Plural; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to- (self, same).

G5104, G3588

Part of Speech: Particle, Definite Article

Sounds like: TOY

Translations: indeed, surely, then, for them, to them, to the, for the

Notes: ΤΟΙ can function as an enclitic particle, adding emphasis or indicating a consequence, often translated as 'indeed,' 'surely,' or 'then.' It can also be the dative masculine or neuter plural form of the definite article 'the,' meaning 'to the' or 'for the,' or referring to 'them' when used as a pronoun. Its meaning depends heavily on context.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle); Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter (as a definite article)

Synonyms: ΓΑΡ, ΔΗ, ΟΙ

Etymology: The particle ΤΟΙ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the demonstrative pronoun. The definite article ΤΟΙ (dative plural) derives from Proto-Indo-European roots related to demonstrative pronouns.

G3650

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: HO-lon

Translations: whole, entire, all, complete, a whole, an entire

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'whole' or 'entire'. It describes something as being complete or undivided. It can be used to emphasize the totality of something, such as 'the whole house' or 'all the people'. In the provided examples, it refers to the entirety of a task or a place.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΣΥΝΟΛΟΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary word; properly, 'all', 'the whole', 'entire'.

G4824

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soom-boo-LEE-on

Translations: council, counsel, plan, advice, a council, a plan, an advice

Notes: This word refers to a meeting or assembly for consultation, a council, or the advice or plan that results from such a meeting. It is a compound word formed from σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and βουλή (boulē, meaning 'will' or 'counsel'). It can be used to describe a formal body of people meeting to make decisions or give advice, or the act of taking counsel itself.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΟΝ is derived from the verb συμβουλεύω (symbouleuō, 'to consult, advise'), which itself comes from the prefix σύν (syn, 'with, together') and the noun βουλή (boulē, 'will, counsel, plan').

G1606

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-eth-OW-ma-san

Translations: they were greatly amazed, they were utterly astonished, they marveled greatly

Notes: This word describes an intense state of amazement or astonishment. It implies a strong reaction of wonder, often to something extraordinary or unexpected. The prefix 'ek-' (out of) intensifies the meaning of 'thaumazo' (to wonder or marvel), suggesting a complete or overwhelming sense of wonder. It is used to convey that a group of people experienced profound astonishment.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΘΑΥΜΑΖΩ, ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΘΑΥΜΑΖΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ek' (meaning 'out of' or 'from', here used as an intensifier) and the verb 'thaumazo' (to wonder, marvel, be amazed).

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G0703

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-reh-TEN

Translations: virtue, excellence, moral excellence, a virtue, an excellence, a moral excellence

Notes: This word refers to moral excellence, virtue, or goodness. It describes a quality of high moral standing or inherent goodness. It is often used in a moral or ethical sense to denote uprightness of character or praiseworthy conduct.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΚΑΓΑΘΙΑ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ, ΑΓΑΘΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: The etymology of ΑΡΕΤΗ is uncertain, but it is thought to be derived from the same root as the Greek word for 'best' (ἀριστος, aristos), implying a sense of being the best or excellent in some quality.

G5281

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-po-mo-NAYNE

Translations: endurance, steadfastness, perseverance, patience, a patience, an endurance

Notes: This word refers to the capacity to endure or bear up under difficult circumstances, often with a sense of steadfastness and patient persistence. It implies remaining firm and constant in the face of trials, afflictions, or opposition, rather than giving up or succumbing to despair. It can be used to describe the quality of a person who patiently waits for something or who bravely withstands hardship.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΙΑ, ΑΝΔΡΙΑ, ΑΝΔΡΕΙΑ

G3936

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-es-TAY-ka-sin

Translations: they have stood by, they are present, they have presented themselves, they have appeared, they have assisted

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning "beside" or "alongside," and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning "to stand." The perfect tense indicates a completed action with ongoing results. Thus, it means to have taken a stand beside someone or something, implying presence, assistance, or presentation. It can be used to describe people standing by a person, a place, or even a concept like a throne.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Perfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΤΗΚΑΣΙΝ, ΠΑΡΕΙΣΤΗΚΑΣΙΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition παρά (para), meaning "beside, alongside," and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning "to stand." The combination conveys the sense of standing near or presenting oneself.

G0985

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: bee-OO-sin

Translations: they live, they are living, they pass their lives

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to live' or 'to pass one's life'. It describes the act of existing or conducting one's life in a particular way. It is typically used to describe a group of people or things that are performing this action.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΖΑΩ

Etymology: The word βιόω (bioō) comes from βίος (bios), meaning 'life'. It is related to the concept of the course or manner of one's life.

G5346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PHAY-sin

Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said

Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.

G0037

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective

Sounds like: hee-gee-AH-smeh-noy

Translations: sanctified, holy, consecrated, set apart, the sanctified ones, those who have been sanctified

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'ἁγιάζω' (hagiazo), meaning 'to sanctify' or 'to make holy'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that has been sanctified or made holy. It can function as an adjective, describing a noun (e.g., 'the sanctified people'), or as a substantive (acting like a noun), referring to 'those who have been sanctified' or 'the holy ones'. It implies a state of being set apart for God's purposes.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΙ, ΚΕΚΑΘΑΡΙΣΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word ἁγιάζω (hagiazo) comes from ἅγιος (hagios), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. It refers to the act of setting something apart for sacred use or making it pure.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G5495

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHEI-ras

Translations: hands, a hand

Notes: This is an inflected form of the Koine Greek noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. In this form, 'ΧΙΡΑΣ' typically functions as the accusative plural, referring to multiple hands as the direct object of a verb. It can also, less commonly, be interpreted as the nominative or accusative singular form of a first declension noun, but given the root 'χείρ', the accusative plural is the most common and appropriate interpretation.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΞΙΑ, ΠΑΛΑΜΗ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOY

Translations: they, themselves, to them, for them, to themselves, for themselves

Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun (they, them) or a reflexive pronoun (themselves). It can also be used to emphasize a noun, meaning 'the very' or 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the case and context. For example, in the nominative case, it typically means 'they' or 'themselves', while in the dative case, it means 'to them' or 'for them'.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Dative

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΙ, ΟΥΤΟΙ

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G5091

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: te-TI-mee-tai

Translations: has been honored, has been valued, has been esteemed

Notes: This word is a verb in the perfect passive indicative, third person singular, meaning 'has been honored' or 'has been valued'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. The overline over the 'H' indicates a scribal abbreviation, where the full word would be ΤΕΤΙΜΗΤΑΙ. It is derived from the verb 'τιμάω' (timáō), which means 'to honor' or 'to value'.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΟΞΑΖΩ, ΣΕΒΩ

Etymology: The word τιμάω (timáō) comes from the noun τιμή (timḗ), meaning 'honor' or 'price'.

G3440

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOW-tay

Translations: of this, to this, by this, with this, this

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific that is near the speaker or has just been mentioned. As a feminine singular form, it can function as either a genitive case, indicating possession or origin (e.g., 'of this woman'), or a dative case, indicating indirect object or means (e.g., 'to this woman' or 'by means of this'). Its precise meaning depends on the context and the preposition it might be used with.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Genitive or Dative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΗ, ΕΚΕΙΝΗ

Etymology: The word 'οὗτος' (houtos), from which 'ταύτῃ' is derived, is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek. It is believed to have originated from a combination of the definite article and a pronominal stem, indicating proximity or reference to something previously mentioned.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G5092

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEE-may

Translations: honor, a price, value, respect, a sum, esteem, dignity

Notes: This word refers to honor, respect, or esteem, often implying a high regard for someone or something. It can also denote a monetary value or price, indicating the worth of an item or a sum paid. It is used in sentences to describe the value or respect attributed to a person, object, or action.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΞΑ, ΑΞΙΑ, ΚΕΡΔΟΣ

Etymology: This word comes from an ancient root meaning 'to value' or 'to estimate'. It is related to the verb τιμάω (timaō), meaning 'to honor' or 'to value'.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, nevertheless, however, indeed

Notes: This word is primarily a conjunction used to introduce a contrast or opposition to what has just been stated. It can often be translated as 'but' or 'yet'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'on the contrary' or 'indeed', emphasizing a preceding statement or introducing a strong affirmation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ

Etymology: From the neuter plural of the adjective ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other'. It developed into a conjunction indicating distinction or opposition.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOOS

Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-nos

Translations: nation, a nation, people, a people, Gentile, a Gentile, heathen, a heathen

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it is frequently used in the plural (ἔθνη) to refer to 'the Gentiles' or 'the nations,' distinguishing non-Jewish peoples from the Jewish people. It can also simply mean a large group of people sharing common descent, culture, or language.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'), suggesting a group defined by common customs.

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: po-LEH-mee-oos

Translations: enemies, hostile ones

Notes: This word refers to those who are hostile or at war with someone. It is often used as a substantive noun to mean 'enemies' or 'adversaries'. In a sentence, it would typically describe a group of people who are in opposition or conflict.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΥΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word πόλεμος (polemos) means 'war' or 'battle'. The suffix -ιος (-ios) is used to form adjectives indicating belonging or relation. Thus, πολεμίος means 'belonging to war' or 'hostile', and by extension, 'an enemy'.

G5097

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: tee-moh-ray-THEE-nai

Translations: to be punished, to be avenged, to be chastised

Notes: This word is an aorist passive infinitive, meaning 'to be punished' or 'to be avenged'. It describes the action of someone receiving punishment or vengeance, rather than inflicting it. It can be used in contexts where a consequence or retribution is expected or desired for past actions.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΖΩ, ΕΚΔΙΚΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΤΙΜΩΡΕΩ (timōreō) comes from the Greek words τιμή (timē), meaning 'honor' or 'price', and ὀρέω (oreō), meaning 'to care for' or 'to look after'. Thus, it originally meant 'to care for one's honor' or 'to exact a price', evolving to mean 'to punish' or 'to avenge'.

G5618

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: HOHS-per

Translations: just as, even as, as, like, exactly as

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is exactly like or in the same manner as something else. The apostrophe at the end (ʼ) indicates a coronis, signifying an elision, meaning the final vowel of ΩΣΠΕΡ has been dropped before a word beginning with a vowel. However, in this specific form, it is most commonly used as a standalone adverb.

Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial form with elision)

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΥΤΩΣ

Etymology: From the adverb ΩΣ (HOS, 'as') and the particle ΠΕΡ (PER, 'indeed, very'). It emphasizes the comparison, meaning 'as indeed' or 'just as'.

G0487

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: an-tee-PSY-khon

Translations: a ransom, a substitute, a life for a life, a soul for a soul

Notes: This word is a compound noun formed from "anti" (meaning 'instead of' or 'in place of') and "psyche" (meaning 'soul' or 'life'). It refers to something given in exchange for another, specifically a life or soul given as a ransom or substitute for another life. It emphasizes the idea of an equivalent exchange, often in the context of redemption or atonement.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΛΥΤΡΟΝ, ΑΝΤΙΛΥΤΡΟΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the Greek preposition ΑΝΤΙ (anti), meaning 'instead of' or 'for', and the noun ΨΥΧΗ (psyche), meaning 'soul' or 'life'. It literally means 'that which is instead of a soul/life'.

G1096

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-go-NO-tas

Translations: having become, having been, having come into being, having happened, having occurred, those who have become, those who have been

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, masculine plural accusative, derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to be,' 'to come into being,' or 'to happen.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that has undergone the action of 'becoming' or 'being' in the past, with the result continuing into the present. It often refers to 'those who have become' or 'those who have been' something.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ, ΠΕΦΥΚΟΤΑΣ

G0129

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AI-mah-tos

Translations: of blood

Notes: This word refers to blood, the fluid that circulates in the vascular system of humans and other vertebrates. In Koine Greek, it is often used literally to refer to physical blood, but can also be used metaphorically to denote lineage, sacrifice, or violent death. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession, origin, or material, often translated as 'of blood'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Etymology: The word ΑΙΜΑ (haima) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient Greek word that has maintained its core meaning of 'blood' throughout its history.

G2151

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-SEH-boh

Translations: I am devout, I am pious, I worship, I show reverence

Notes: This verb means to be devout, pious, or to act reverently towards God or sacred things. It describes the act of showing proper respect and worship, often in a religious context. It can also imply living a life that is pleasing to God.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΣΕΒΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the Greek prefix 'ευ-' (eu-), meaning 'well' or 'good', and 'σεβω' (sebo), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. Thus, it literally means 'to worship well' or 'to revere properly'.

G1565

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-KEE-non

Translations: of those, those, them, of them

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'that' or 'those'. In this inflected form, it is the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of those' or 'of them'. It refers to things or people at a distance, either physically or conceptually, distinguishing them from 'these' (things or people nearby). It can be used to refer back to a previously mentioned group or to introduce a new group that is distinct.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G2435

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hee-las-TAY-ree-oo

Translations: of propitiation, of atonement, of the mercy seat, of the place of atonement

Notes: This word refers to a means of propitiation or atonement, often specifically the 'mercy seat' on the Ark of the Covenant in the Old Testament, which was the place where atonement was made. It can also refer to a sacrifice or offering that brings about reconciliation or forgiveness. In a broader sense, it signifies something that appeases divine wrath or makes reconciliation possible.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΛΑΓΗ, ΛΥΤΡΟΝ, ΑΠΟΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΙΛΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΝ (hilastērion) comes from the verb ἱλάσκομαι (hilaskomai), meaning 'to propitiate' or 'to make atonement'. It is related to the concept of appeasing a deity or making reconciliation.

G4307

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PRO-noy-ah

Translations: providence, a providence, foresight, forethought, provision

Notes: This word refers to foresight, forethought, or divine providence. It implies a careful planning or provision for the future, often with a sense of divine care or guidance. It is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning "before" or "in front of," and the noun νοῦς (nous), meaning "mind" or "intellect," suggesting a "mind before" or "fore-mind."

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΠΡΟΒΛΕΨΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΝΟΙΑ (pronoia) is derived from the Greek preposition πρό (pro), meaning "before" or "in front of," and the verb νοέω (noeo), meaning "to perceive, to think, to understand." It literally means "fore-thinking" or "fore-knowing."

G4264

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pro-ka-koh-THEN-ta

Translations: having been previously afflicted, having been previously mistreated, having been previously harmed

Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the prefix 'προ-' (pro-), meaning 'before' or 'previously', and the verb 'κακόω' (kakoō), meaning 'to harm' or 'to mistreat'. As a whole, it describes something or someone that has been harmed or afflicted in the past or beforehand. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating a state of having suffered ill-treatment.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΩΘΕΝΤΑ, ΒΛΑΒΕΝΤΑ, ΠΑΘΟΝΤΑ

G0435

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: an-DREE-ah

Translations: manliness, courage, bravery, valor

Notes: This word refers to the quality of manliness, courage, or bravery. It describes the characteristic of being strong, bold, and fearless, often in the face of danger or adversity. It is derived from the word for 'man' (ΑΝΗΡ).

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΡΕΤΗ, ΘΑΡΣΟΣ, ΤΟΛΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΑΝΔΡΙΑ is derived from the Koine Greek word ΑΝΗΡ (anēr), meaning 'man' or 'male person'. It signifies the qualities traditionally associated with men, such as strength, courage, and valor.

G703

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-reh-TAYS

Translations: of virtue, of excellence, of moral goodness, of valor

Notes: This word refers to virtue, excellence, or moral goodness. It describes a quality of high moral standing or inherent worth. It can also denote valor or courage, particularly in a military context. In Koine Greek, it often carries the sense of moral excellence or uprightness. This form is the genitive singular, indicating possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣΥΝΗΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗΣ

G0931

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-SAH-noys

Translations: torments, tortures, pains, tests, trials

Notes: This word refers to extreme pain, suffering, or distress, often inflicted as a punishment or a means of interrogation. It can also refer to a test or trial, especially one that is severe or agonizing. It is a compound word, but its parts are not easily separable into distinct meanings for a layperson.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΣΕΙΣ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑΙ

Etymology: The word is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to rub' or 'to test by rubbing a touchstone'. It came to mean a touchstone, then the testing by a touchstone, and finally the torture used to extract information.

G5181

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: too-RAH-nos

Translations: tyrant, a tyrant, absolute ruler, despot

Notes: This word refers to an absolute ruler or despot, often implying a cruel or oppressive leader. In ancient Greek contexts, a 'tyrant' was simply someone who seized power unconstitutionally, not necessarily someone who ruled badly, though the negative connotation developed over time. It describes a person holding supreme power without legal right or popular consent.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: The word 'tyrannos' is of pre-Greek, possibly Lydian, origin, and was adopted into Greek. It originally referred to an absolute ruler, often one who gained power outside of hereditary succession or constitutional means.

G0872

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-phi-DON

Translations: looking away from, fixing one's eyes upon, looking intently at, considering, regarding

Notes: This word is a participle form of the verb 'aphorao', meaning 'to look away from' or 'to fix one's eyes upon'. It implies a focused gaze, often with the sense of looking away from distractions to concentrate on a specific object or person. It can also mean to consider or regard something intently. In a sentence, it would describe the action of someone who is observing or focusing their attention.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩΝ, ΟΡΩΝ, ΘΕΩΡΩΝ

G5262

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-po-DIG-ma

Translations: example, a pattern, a copy, a type, a model, a sample

Notes: This word refers to an example, pattern, or model, often one that serves as a warning or an object lesson. It can also denote a copy or a representation. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo, meaning 'under' or 'by') and 'δεῖγμα' (deigma, meaning 'a sample' or 'a display').

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΥΠΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ, ΜΙΜΗΜΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπόδειγμα (hupodeigma), a compound of ὑπό (hupo, 'under, by') and δεῖγμα (deigma, 'a sample, a display'), from δείκνυμι (deiknymi, 'to show, to point out').

G5281

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-po-mo-NEE

Translations: endurance, steadfastness, perseverance, patience

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΥΠΟΜΟΝΗΝ (hypomonēn), which is the accusative singular form of the noun ΥΠΟΜΟΝΗ. It refers to the capacity to endure or bear up under difficult circumstances, often with a sense of steadfastness and perseverance rather than passive resignation. It describes the quality of remaining firm under suffering or waiting patiently for a desired outcome.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΙΑ, ΑΝΔΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΥΠΟΜΟΝΗ is derived from the Greek preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'beneath', and the verb ΜΕΝΩ (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. Thus, it literally means 'a remaining under' or 'abiding under', conveying the sense of enduring or persevering through challenges.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-khen

Translations: he had, she had, it had, he held, she held, it held, he possessed, she possessed, it possessed

Notes: ΕΣΧΕΝ is an inflected form of the Koine Greek verb ΕΧΩ (echo), meaning 'to have', 'to hold', or 'to possess'. This specific form indicates an action that occurred in the past, completed at a certain point. It is used to describe what a third person singular subject (he, she, or it) had, held, or possessed.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G0435

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: an-DREE-oos

Translations: men, of men, to men, for men

Notes: This word is the accusative plural form of 'ΑΝΗΡ' (anēr), meaning 'man' or 'husband'. It refers to multiple males and is used when they are the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. It can also function as a genitive singular in some contexts, meaning 'of a man' or 'of a husband', though the accusative plural is more common for this form.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine; potentially Singular, Genitive, Masculine (less common for this form)

Synonyms: ΑΝΔΡΑΣ

G4099

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-zoh-ma-KHEE-an

Translations: infantry battle, a battle on foot, land battle

Notes: This word refers to a battle fought on foot, specifically by infantry. It is a compound word derived from 'πεζός' (pezos), meaning 'on foot' or 'infantry', and 'μάχη' (machē), meaning 'battle' or 'fight'. It describes a conflict where soldiers engage in combat without the use of cavalry or chariots. It would be used in sentences to describe the type of engagement, such as 'they prepared for an infantry battle'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ

G1607

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-por-THE-sas

Translations: having utterly destroyed, having laid waste, having plundered, having ravaged

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb 'ekportheo'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, emphasizing the thoroughness of the destruction or plundering. It is a compound word formed from 'ek' (out of, thoroughly) and 'portheo' (to lay waste, destroy). Therefore, it means to utterly destroy, lay waste, or plunder completely.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΣΑΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΣΑΣ, ΕΡΗΜΩΣΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΠΟΡΘΕΩ is a compound of the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'thoroughly', and the verb ΠΟΡΘΕΩ (portheo), meaning 'to lay waste' or 'to destroy'.

G3528