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Revelation, Chapter 7
Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-DON
Translations: they saw, I saw, to see, having seen
Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It can function as a third-person plural indicative ('they saw'), a first-person singular indicative ('I saw'), or, less commonly, as an infinitive or participle depending on the context, conveying the action of seeing or perceiving something in a completed past action. It is often used to introduce a new observation or event.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural; or Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular; or Aorist, Active, Infinitive; or Aorist, Active, Participle (Neuter Singular Nominative/Accusative)
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ
Etymology: The word 'εἶδον' (eidon) serves as the aorist form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horaō), meaning 'to see'. It is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, which also means 'to see' or 'to know'.
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G0032
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ang-GEL-oos
Translations: angels, messengers
Notes: This word refers to a messenger, envoy, or one who is sent. In a religious context, it commonly refers to a divine messenger or an angel. It can also refer to human messengers or delegates. The meaning depends on the context, but it always implies someone or something that conveys a message or performs a task on behalf of another.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΚΕΣ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΙ
G2476
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ess-TOH-tas
Translations: standing, having stood, having been set, having been appointed
Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the perfect active participle of the verb 'ἵστημι' (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. It describes people or things that are in a standing position, or have been set or appointed to a particular place or role. It is used to indicate a state of being established or having taken a stand.
Inflection: Participle, Perfect Active, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΑΤΑΣ, ΚΑΘΕΣΤΩΤΑΣ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EP-ee
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a
Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'
Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G5064
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: TESS-sah-ras
Translations: four
Notes: This word is a cardinal number meaning 'four'. It is used to indicate a quantity of four of something. It can be used with both masculine and feminine nouns.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Etymology: The word comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar words for 'four' in other Indo-European languages.
G1137
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: go-NEE-as
Translations: of a corner, of a street corner, of a cornerstone, of a quarter, of a region
Notes: This word refers to a corner, an angle, or a specific region or quarter. It can be used to describe the corner of a building, a street, or even a metaphorical corner or extremity of the earth. It is often used in a literal sense to denote a physical corner or a specific part of an area.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΚΡΑ, ΠΕΡΑΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAYS
Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region
Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').
G2902
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: kra-TOON-tas
Translations: holding, grasping, seizing, laying hold of, ruling, prevailing, those holding, those grasping, those seizing
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'krateō', meaning 'to be strong, to rule, to hold, or to grasp'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state. In this form, it refers to 'those who are holding' or 'those who are ruling' something or someone. It can imply physical holding, mental grasping, or exercising authority.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΧΟΝΤΑΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΑΣ, ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G0417
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-NEH-moos
Translations: winds, the winds
Notes: This word refers to 'winds' or 'a wind'. It is commonly used to describe atmospheric movements, often with a sense of force or direction. In ancient Greek literature, winds can be personified or associated with divine power, influencing events or journeys. It is a masculine noun.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos, from *h₂enh₁- ('to breathe'). It is related to words for 'breath' and 'spirit' in other Indo-European languages.
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G4154
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PNEV-see
Translations: may blow, may breathe, may be breathed, may be inspired
Notes: This word is a verb form derived from the root 'πνέω' (pneō), which means 'to blow' or 'to breathe'. In its present form, it indicates a potential or desired action, often translated as 'may blow' or 'may breathe'. It can refer to the blowing of wind, the act of breathing, or metaphorically, the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. It is used to describe an action that is not yet certain but is a possibility or a wish.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Subjunctive, Active
Synonyms: ΦΥΣΑΩ, ΕΚΠΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word 'πνέω' (pneō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to blow, to breathe'. It is related to words for wind, breath, and spirit across various Indo-European languages.
G0417
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AH-neh-mos
Translations: wind, a wind, breath, a breath
Notes: This word refers to moving air, often a strong current of air. It can be used literally to describe atmospheric wind, or metaphorically to represent doctrines, influences, or even the Spirit. It is a common term found throughout ancient Greek literature and the New Testament.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ
Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to blow' or 'to breathe'. It is related to words for 'breath' and 'spirit' in various Indo-European languages.
G3383
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: MAY-teh
Translations: neither, nor
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to connect two or more negative clauses or phrases. It often appears in a series, meaning 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It emphasizes the exclusion of all listed possibilities.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ, ΟΥΤΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle ΜΗ (mē) and the enclitic particle ΤΕ (te), which means 'and'. It is used to connect negative clauses.
G2281
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tha-LAS-sees
Translations: of the sea, of a sea
Notes: This word refers to a large body of salt water, such as an ocean or a sea. It is often used to describe the physical body of water, but can also be used metaphorically to represent vastness, chaos, or the Gentile world in some contexts. It is typically used in a possessive sense, indicating something belonging to or related to the sea.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ, ΩΚΕΑΝΟΣ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: PAN
Translations: all, every, whole, everything, a whole
Notes: This word is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. For example, it can mean 'all things' or 'everything' when used substantively, or 'the whole' when modifying a singular noun. It can also be used to mean 'every' when referring to individual items within a group.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- meaning 'to protect, feed'. Its meaning evolved to 'all' or 'whole' in Greek.
G1186
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DEN-dron
Translations: tree, a tree
Notes: This word refers to a tree, a large woody plant with a trunk and branches. It is commonly used in the New Testament and other Koine Greek texts to describe literal trees, but can also be used metaphorically, for example, to represent a person or a lineage. It is a neuter noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΞΥΛΟΝ, ΦΥΤΟΝ
Etymology: The word "δένδρον" (dendron) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *drew- or *deru-, meaning "tree" or "wood." It is related to words for tree in many other Indo-European languages.
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-don
Translations: I saw, I beheld, I perceived
Notes: ΕΙΔΟΝ is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It describes a completed action of seeing or perceiving that occurred in the past. It is often used to indicate a direct observation or a sudden realization.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΟΠΤΟΜΑΙ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AL-lon
Translations: another, other, a different one, an other
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'another' or 'other'. It is used to refer to a distinct individual or thing from one already mentioned or implied. It is often used to distinguish one item from a group or to introduce a new, separate entity. This specific form is the masculine or neuter singular accusative case.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
G0032
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ANG-geh-lon
Translations: angel, a messenger, an angel, (to) a messenger, (to) an angel
Notes: This word refers to a messenger, envoy, or an angel. In the New Testament, it most commonly denotes a divine messenger or an angel. It is used in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΞ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΣ
G0305
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ah-nah-BIE-non-tah
Translations: going up, ascending, coming up, rising, growing up, climbing, embarking, entering, appearing
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'anabainō', meaning 'to go up' or 'to ascend'. It describes an action that is ongoing or continuous. It can be used to describe people or things moving upwards, such as climbing a mountain, ascending to heaven, or plants growing.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter; or Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter (if it's a neuter plural noun functioning as singular); or Singular, Nominative, Neuter (if it's a neuter singular noun functioning as nominative)
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.
G0395
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-toh-LEES
Translations: of the east, of the sunrise, of the dawn, of the rising
Notes: This word refers to the direction of the east, the place where the sun rises. It can also denote the act of rising itself, particularly the rising of the sun or stars, or the dawn. In a broader sense, it can refer to the origin or source of something, as in the 'rising' of a star or a new era. It is often used in contexts related to geography or the passage of time.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΤΟΛΗ
Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb τέλλω (tellō), meaning 'to accomplish', 'to rise', or 'to appear'. It literally means 'a rising up' or 'a springing up'.
G2246
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HAY-lee-oo
Translations: of the sun, sun
Notes: This word refers to the sun, the celestial body that gives light and warmth to the Earth. It is used in contexts describing the sun's position, its light, or as a reference point for direction (e.g., east or west). As a genitive form, it often indicates possession or origin, such as 'of the sun' or 'belonging to the sun'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥, meaning 'sun'. It is related to Latin sol and English 'sun'.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: EKH-on-tah
Translations: having, holding, possessing, being, keeping, experiencing, a having, a holding
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of having, holding, or possessing. It can also be used to describe a state of being or experiencing something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or an adverb, modifying a noun or verb, and its meaning can vary slightly depending on the context, often indicating a continuous action.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΑ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΝ, ΦΕΡΟΝΤΑ
Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have'. It is related to other Greek words like ἕξις (héxis, 'habit, state') and ὀχή (ochḗ, 'support').
G4973
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sfra-GHEE-da
Translations: seal, a seal, signet, a signet, mark, a mark
Notes: This word refers to a seal or signet, often used for authentication, ownership, or security. It could be an impression made by a signet ring, a mark of ownership, or a symbol of authority. It is used to denote something that is closed, secured, or confirmed.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΗΜΕΙΟΝ, ΧΑΡΑΓΜΑ
G4973
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sfra-GHEE-da
Translations: seal, a seal, signet, a signet, mark, a mark
Notes: This word refers to a seal or signet, often used to authenticate documents, mark ownership, or secure something. It could be an impression made by a signet ring or a device used to make such an impression. In a broader sense, it can signify a mark or a token of authenticity or possession.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΗΜΕΙΟΝ, ΤΥΠΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΦΡΑΓΙΣ (sphragis) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or from an unknown root.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-OO
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for the word ΘΕΟΥ (Theou), meaning 'of God'. It is used to refer to the divine being, God, in the genitive case. In ancient Greek texts, nomina sacra were common contractions for frequently used sacred names and titles, indicating reverence and saving space. This form would typically be used in phrases like 'the house of God' or 'the power of God'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do, to place, to set', or possibly 'to shine'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for a deity or god.
G2198
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ZOHN-tos
Translations: of living, of a living, of the living
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the participle 'living' from the verb 'to live'. It describes something that is alive or has life, often used to refer to a living being or a source of life. It functions similarly to an adjective or a noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΟΥ, ΨΥΧΗΣ
G2896
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-RAX-en
Translations: cried out, shouted, screamed
Notes: This word describes the act of crying out, shouting, or screaming, often with a loud and urgent voice. It is used to express strong emotion, make an announcement, or call for attention. It can refer to a sudden, intense vocalization.
Inflection: Aorist Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΡΑΖΩ, ΒΟΑΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΚΡΑΖΩ is of imitative origin, mimicking the sound of a cry or shout. It is related to the English word 'caw' and similar onomatopoeic words in other languages.
G5456
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: foh-NAY
Translations: voice, sound, noise, a voice, a sound, a noise
Notes: This word refers to a voice, a sound, or a noise. It is commonly used to describe the sound produced by living beings, such as a human voice or the sound of an animal, but can also refer to inanimate sounds like thunder or the sound of a trumpet. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΧΟΣ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (to speak, tell, say). Cognate with Latin fari (to speak) and English ban.
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-gah-lay
Translations: great, large, mighty, a great, a large, a mighty
Notes: ΜΕΓΑΛΗ is a feminine adjective meaning 'great' or 'large'. It is used to describe feminine nouns, indicating their size, importance, or intensity. For example, it can describe a 'great city' or a 'large crowd'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G5064
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: TES-sah-res
Translations: four
Notes: This word means 'four' and is used to denote the quantity of four items or people. It functions as an adjective, agreeing in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. This specific form is used for masculine and feminine nouns in the nominative or accusative case.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar words for 'four' in other Indo-European languages.
G5064
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: TESS-sar-sin
Translations: to four, for four
Notes: This word is a numeral meaning 'four'. It is used to indicate a quantity of four and is in the dative case, often signifying 'to four' or 'for four' in a sentence.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
G0032
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ANG-geh-loys
Translations: (to) angels, (to) messengers
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of 'ΑΓΓΕΛΟΣ' (angelos), meaning 'messenger' or 'angel'. In this form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, signifying 'to' or 'for' angels or messengers. It is commonly used in contexts referring to divine or human agents who convey messages.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΙ, ΚΗΡΥΚΕΣ
G3739
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OYS
Translations: to whom, to which, to what
Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DOH-thay
Translations: it was given, he was given, she was given
Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didōmi), meaning 'to give'. It indicates an action that happened in the past, where the subject received the action (was given) rather than performed it. It can be translated as 'it was given', 'he was given', or 'she was given', depending on the context.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΔΟΘΗ, ΕΔΩΚΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated verb, characteristic of ancient Greek.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (for) them, (to) themselves, (for) themselves
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). It can mean 'to them' or 'for them' when referring to a third person plural, or 'to themselves' or 'for themselves' when used reflexively. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action, and can apply to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G0091
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-dee-KAY-sai
Translations: to wrong, to do wrong, to injure, to act unjustly, to harm, to commit injustice
Notes: This word is the Aorist Active Infinitive form of the verb 'αδικεω' (adikeō). It means 'to wrong' or 'to do wrong' and describes the act of committing an injustice or causing harm to someone. It is often used in contexts where legal or moral wrongdoing is implied. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often appearing after other verbs or prepositions.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΛΑΠΤΩ, ΚΑΚΟΠΟΙΕΩ
Etymology: The word 'αδικεω' (adikeō) is derived from 'αδικος' (adikos), meaning 'unjust', which in turn comes from 'α-' (a-, a privative prefix meaning 'not') and 'δικη' (dikē), meaning 'justice' or 'right'. Thus, it literally means 'to be not just' or 'to act unjustly'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAYN
Translations: earth, land, ground, a land, the earth
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΓΗΝ (gēn), which is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ (gē). It refers to the earth, land, or ground. It is often used to denote a specific country or territory, or the planet Earth itself. As an accusative form, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition that takes the accusative case, such as 'into the land' or 'to the earth'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to a Proto-Indo-European word for 'earth'.
G2281
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAH-lah-ssah
Translations: sea, a sea
Notes: This word refers to a large body of salt water, such as an ocean or a large lake. It is commonly used to describe the Mediterranean Sea or other significant bodies of water. It can be used in various contexts, often indicating a place of travel, danger, or a source of resources.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ, ΩΚΕΑΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word "thalassa" is of pre-Greek, Pelasgian origin, meaning it predates the arrival of Indo-European speakers in Greece.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leh-GOHN
Translations: saying, speaking, telling
Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ
Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.
G91
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-dee-kay-SEH-tai
Translations: will be wronged, will suffer wrong, will be treated unjustly
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'adikeō', which means to act unjustly, to do wrong, or to harm. In this specific form, 'adikēsetai', it is in the future passive voice, indicating that the subject will be the recipient of an unjust act or will suffer wrong. It describes a future state where someone will be wronged or treated unfairly by another.
Inflection: Future, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΔΙΚΕΩ, ΑΔΙΚΙΑ
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAYN
Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region
Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ
G3366
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: MEE-deh
Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not
Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ
Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.
G2281
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tha-LAS-san
Translations: sea, a sea
Notes: This word refers to a large body of salt water, such as an ocean or a large lake. It is commonly used to describe the sea as a physical location or as a powerful natural force. In sentences, it often appears as the direct object of a verb, indicating something done to or with the sea.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΩΚΕΑΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'thalassa' is of pre-Greek, Mediterranean origin, likely borrowed into Greek from an earlier language spoken in the Aegean region. It is not derived from Proto-Indo-European roots.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G1186
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DEN-drah
Translations: trees
Notes: This word refers to trees. It is the plural form of the noun 'δένδρον' (dendron), meaning 'tree'. It is used to refer to multiple trees, such as 'all the trees' or 'the trees of the earth'.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΞΥΛΑ, ΦΥΤΑ
G0891
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction
Sounds like: AKH-rees
Translations: until, up to, as far as, while, even to, unto
Notes: This word functions as a preposition or conjunction, indicating a limit in time or space. It signifies 'up to' a certain point or 'until' a certain event occurs. It is often used to mark the end point of an action or a period.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΕΩΣ
Etymology: The word "ΑΧΡΙΣ" is of uncertain origin, possibly related to "ἄκρος" (akros), meaning 'highest' or 'extreme', suggesting a sense of reaching a limit or extremity.
G4972
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: sfra-gee-SOH-men
Translations: we may seal, we might seal, we should seal
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to seal'. It refers to the act of marking something with a seal, often for purposes of authentication, ownership, security, or protection. It can also imply setting a mark upon someone or something to designate them as belonging to a particular person or group, or to confirm a truth or action.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΕΝΣΦΡΑΓΙΖΩ, ΣΗΜΑΙΝΩ
G1401
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOO-loos
Translations: slaves, servants
Notes: This word refers to individuals who are in a state of servitude or bondage, often translated as 'slaves' or 'servants'. It is the accusative plural form of the noun 'δούλος', indicating the direct object of an action. It can be used in both a literal sense for bondservants and metaphorically for those who are devoted to or subject to someone or something.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΤΗΣ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΗΣ, ΘΕΡΑΠΩΝ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G3359
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MEH-toh-pohn
Translations: of foreheads, of a forehead
Notes: This word refers to the forehead, the part of the face above the eyes. It is used in a general sense to denote the front part of the head. In the provided context, it refers to the place where a mark or seal might be placed.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Etymology: The word "metōpon" is a compound word derived from the Greek preposition "meta" (μετά), meaning "after" or "behind," and "ops" (ὤψ), meaning "eye" or "face." It literally refers to the part of the face that is 'behind' or 'after' the eyes, i.e., the forehead.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, their own
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun in the genitive plural. It can be translated as 'of them' or 'their', indicating possession or origin. It is often used reflexively, meaning 'their own' or 'of themselves', referring back to the subject of the sentence.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΣΦΩΝ, ΕΑΥΤΩΝ
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-KOO-san
Translations: they heard, they listened
Notes: This is a verb meaning "they heard" or "they listened." It describes an action of perceiving sound or paying attention to something that was said. It is used to indicate that a group of people completed the act of hearing or listening in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G0706
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-rith-MON
Translations: number, a number, sum, total
Notes: This word refers to a number, a count, or a total sum. It is used to quantify things, such as a number of days or people. It can also refer to a specific quantity or amount.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΜΕΤΡΟΝ
G4972
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: es-fra-gees-MEH-non
Translations: (of) having been sealed, (of) sealed, (of) those who have been sealed
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, indicating a completed action that was done to the subject. It describes something or someone that has been sealed, marked, or authenticated. In its genitive plural form, it typically functions to show possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of those who have been sealed' or 'of sealed things/people'.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΣΗΜΕΙΩΘΕΝΤΩΝ, ΕΠΙΣΦΡΑΓΙΣΘΕΝΤΩΝ
G1540
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Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective
Sounds like: heh-ka-TON
Translations: hundred, a hundred
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'one hundred'. It is used to indicate a quantity of one hundred of something. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or sometimes as a substantive.
Inflection: Does not inflect for gender, number, or case in its basic form, though it can be used with various cases depending on the noun it modifies.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ḱm̥tóm, meaning 'hundred'. It is related to similar words in other Indo-European languages.
G5062
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: tes-seh-RAH-kon-tah
Translations: forty
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'forty'. It is used to indicate a quantity of forty units. In Koine Greek, it is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of the gender, number, or case of the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Indeclinable
Etymology: From τέσσαρες (tessares, “four”) and -κοντα (-konta, “-ty”).
G5505
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khee-LEE-ah-des
Translations: thousands
Notes: This word refers to a large number, specifically multiples of one thousand. It is used to denote a quantity of one thousand units or more, often in a general sense of a very large, uncountable number.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Feminine
Etymology: From the Greek word χίλιοι (chilioi), meaning 'a thousand'.
G4972
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: es-fra-gis-MEH-noi
Translations: sealed, having been sealed, marked, secured
Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'sphragizo', meaning 'to seal' or 'to mark with a seal'. It describes something that has been sealed or marked, indicating ownership, security, or authenticity. It implies a completed action with a continuing result, often signifying divine protection or designation. For example, one might say 'the book was sealed' or 'the people were sealed'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Passive Participle
Synonyms: ΣΗΜΑΙΝΩ, ΕΠΙΣΦΡΑΓΙΖΩ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with
Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sees
Translations: of all, of every, of the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to describe a noun, indicating that the noun refers to the entirety of something or every instance of it. It agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used when referring to a singular feminine noun in the genitive case, often indicating possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G5443
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: foo-LEES
Translations: of a tribe, of a race, of a clan, of a nation
Notes: This word refers to a tribe, race, or clan, often denoting a division of people based on ancestry or shared characteristics. It is used to indicate belonging or origin, as in 'of the tribe of Judah'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΔΗΜΟΣ
G5207
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-ee-OHN
Translations: of sons, of children, of descendants
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'ΥΙΟΣ' (huios), meaning 'son' or 'child'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of sons' or 'of children'. In a broader sense, it can also refer to descendants or followers, indicating a close association or lineage.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΩΝ, ΠΑΙΔΩΝ
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: ISL
Translations: unknown
Notes: This word appears to be a fragment or a misspelling. In Koine Greek, 'ΙΣΛ' does not correspond to a known word or abbreviation. It is possible it is part of a larger word, a transcription error, or an abbreviation not commonly documented.
Inflection: Unknown
G2448
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH
Translations: of Judas, Judas, Jude
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to the name Judas or Jude. It is a common name in the Bible, notably associated with Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve apostles who betrayed Jesus, and also with Jude, the brother of Jesus and author of the New Testament epistle of Jude. It can also refer to the region of Judea.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive or Vocative, Masculine
G1427
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DOH-deh-kah
Translations: twelve
Notes: This word means 'twelve'. It is a cardinal number used to specify a quantity of twelve units or items. It is often used in contexts referring to groups of twelve, such as the twelve tribes of Israel or the twelve apostles.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From the combination of the Greek words for 'two' (δύο) and 'ten' (δέκα).
G4502
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ROO-ben
Translations: Reuben
Notes: Reuben is a proper noun, referring to the eldest son of Jacob and Leah in the Old Testament. He is a significant figure in the lineage of the Israelites, and his name is associated with one of the twelve tribes of Israel. It is used to identify the individual or the tribe descended from him.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The name 'Reuben' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'behold, a son' or 'see, a son'. It is derived from the Hebrew verb 'ra'ah' (to see) and 'ben' (son).
G0768
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-SER
Translations: Asher
Notes: Asher is a proper noun, referring to one of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Jacob's eighth son, Asher. It is also used to refer to the territory allotted to this tribe in ancient Israel.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative
Etymology: The name Asher is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'happy' or 'blessed'. It is transliterated into Greek from the Hebrew name אָשֵׁר (Asher).
G3488
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: NEF-tha-lee
Translations: Naphtali, (of) Naphtali
Notes: Naphtali refers to the sixth son of Jacob and Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid, and also to the tribe of Israel descended from him. It can also refer to the territory allotted to this tribe in Canaan. In this form, it is used to indicate possession or origin, meaning 'of Naphtali'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: From Hebrew נַפְתָּלִי (Naphtali), meaning 'my struggle' or 'my wrestling'.
G3128
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: mah-nas-SEH
Translations: Manasseh
Notes: Manasseh is a proper noun, referring to a significant figure in the Old Testament. He was the elder son of Joseph and the grandson of Jacob, and his descendants formed one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The name is used to identify this specific individual or the tribe descended from him.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Hebrew מְנַשֶּׁה (Mənaššeh), meaning 'causing to forget'.
G3017
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: LEH-vee
Translations: Levi
Notes: This word refers to Levi, one of the twelve sons of Jacob, and the ancestor of the tribe of Levi, from which the priests and Levites were descended. It is used to identify individuals or groups belonging to this lineage, such as 'the sons of Levi' or 'the tribe of Levi'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: From Hebrew לֵוִי (Levi), meaning 'joined' or 'attached'.
G5505
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khee-lee-AH-des
Translations: thousands
Notes: This word refers to a large quantity, specifically multiples of one thousand. It is used to denote a count of thousands of something, such as people, years, or other countable items. It functions as a plural noun.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Feminine
G2478
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ISS-sah-khar
Translations: Issachar
Notes: Issachar is a proper noun referring to one of the twelve sons of Jacob and Leah in the Old Testament, and subsequently, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The name is of Hebrew origin and means 'there is a reward' or 'man of reward'.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative
Etymology: The name Issachar is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew words 'יש' (yesh, meaning 'there is') and 'שכר' (sakhar, meaning 'reward'). It is associated with Leah's statement upon his birth, indicating a reward from God.
G2194
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: zah-boo-LOHN
Translations: Zabulon, Zebulun
Notes: Zabulon is a proper noun referring to Zebulun, the tenth son of Jacob and Leah, and the name of one of the twelve tribes of Israel. It is also used to refer to the territory settled by this tribe.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Etymology: This word is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name Zevulun (זְבוּלֻן), meaning 'dwelling' or 'habitation'.
G0958
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: beh-nee-ah-MEE
Translations: Benjamin
Notes: This is the proper noun 'Benjamin', referring to the youngest son of Jacob and Rachel in the Old Testament, and the name of one of the twelve tribes of Israel. It is used to identify the person or the tribe.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Benjamin is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'son of the right hand' or 'son of the south'. It was transliterated into Greek.
G2501
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oh-SEF
Translations: Joseph
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the biblical name Joseph. It is used to identify individuals named Joseph, such as Joseph, the husband of Mary, or Joseph of Arimathea. As a proper noun, it does not typically change meaning based on context.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative or Genitive or Dative
Etymology: The name Joseph is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name Yosef, meaning 'He will add' or 'God will increase'. It is a common name in the Old and New Testaments.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G2400
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Part of Speech: Interjection, Adverb
Sounds like: ee-DOO
Translations: behold, look, see, lo, here is, here are
Notes: This word is an interjection used to draw attention to something, similar to 'behold' or 'look!' in English. It can introduce a new or important statement, often emphasizing what follows. It can also be used to present something, meaning 'here is' or 'here are'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΡΑ, ΒΛΕΠΕ
Etymology: From the aorist imperative of the verb ΟΡΑΩ (HORAO), meaning 'to see'. It functions as an interjection.
G3793
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OKH-los
Translations: crowd, multitude, throng, mob, a crowd, a multitude
Notes: This word refers to a large gathering of people, often an unorganized or disorderly group. It can denote a general multitude or a specific crowd, such as a mob. It is commonly used in the New Testament to describe the large groups of people who followed Jesus.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be derived from a root meaning 'to move' or 'to stir up', suggesting a restless or agitated mass of people.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PO-loos
Translations: much, many, great, a great deal, a great many
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. For example, it can refer to a large crowd of people or a significant amount of something. It can also be used to describe something as 'great' in terms of size or importance.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.
G3739
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction
Sounds like: HOS
Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when
Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON
Translations: being, existing, a being, that which is
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'being' or 'existing'. It describes something that is in a state of being or existence. As a neuter singular form, it often refers to 'that which is' or 'a being', and can function as a noun.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ
G0705
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-rith-MEH-sai
Translations: to number, to count, to reckon, to calculate
Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'arithmeō'. It means 'to number' or 'to count'. It is used to express the action of counting or enumerating things, often in contexts where a large quantity is being considered, such as counting stars or grains of sand. It can also imply reckoning or calculating.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΞΑΡΙΘΜΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΡΙΘΜΕΩ
Etymology: From ARITHMOS (number) and the suffix -EŌ, forming a verb meaning 'to number'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OW-toh
Translations: him, it, himself, itself, the same, this, that, of him, of it, to him, to it
Notes: ΑΥΤΟ is an inflected form of the third-person pronoun or demonstrative adjective ΑΥΤΟΣ. As a pronoun, it refers to 'him', 'her', or 'it', depending on gender and number. As an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or 'this/that very one'. It can also be used intensively to emphasize the subject, meaning 'himself' or 'itself'. Its meaning often depends on its position in the sentence relative to the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ
G3762
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: oo-DEES
Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, none, not even one
Notes: This word is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (ou, meaning 'not') and 'εἷς' (heis, meaning 'one'). It functions as an adjective or pronoun, meaning 'no one', 'nobody', 'nothing', or 'not even one'. It is used to express absolute negation or absence. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'There is no one here' or 'He said nothing'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ
Etymology: From the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, 'not') and ΕΙΣ (heis, 'one'). It literally means 'not one'.
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DY-nah-toh
Translations: was able, could, had power, was strong enough
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It describes the capacity or capability of someone or something to perform an action or to possess a certain quality. It is often used in past tense contexts, indicating that someone 'was able' or 'could' do something. It can also imply having the inherent strength or authority to act.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΔΥΝΑΜΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΔΥΝΑΜΑΙ (dynamai) comes from the Greek word ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ (dynamis), meaning 'power' or 'strength'. It is related to concepts of inherent ability and capability.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tos
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) whole, (of) each
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ΠΑΣ' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'. It can refer to a part of a whole, or to the entirety of something. For example, 'of all things' or 'of every person'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-noos
Translations: of a nation, of a people, of a race, of a gentile, of a heathen
Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people, or a race, often with the connotation of non-Israelite or Gentile. It is used to describe the origin or belonging to a particular group of people, often in contrast to the Jewish people in the New Testament context.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ
G5443
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: FY-lon
Translations: of tribes, tribes
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'φυλή' (phylē), meaning 'tribe' or 'clan'. It refers to a group of people descended from a common ancestor or sharing a common origin, often used in the context of the twelve tribes of Israel or other ethnic divisions. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to tribes' or 'from tribes'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΗΜΩΝ, ΓΕΝΩΝ
Etymology: The word 'φυλή' (phylē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH- meaning 'to be, to grow'. It originally referred to a growth or shoot, and later evolved to mean a clan or tribe, indicating a group that has grown together or sprung from a common origin.
G2992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LAH-ohn
Translations: (of) peoples, (of) nations, (of) crowds
Notes: ΛΑΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun 'λαός', which means 'people' or 'nation'. It refers to a collective body of individuals, often a specific group or a whole population. In this genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship, meaning 'of the people' or 'belonging to the nations'. It is used to describe something that pertains to or comes from a group of people.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ
G1100
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: glohs-SOHN
Translations: of tongues, of languages, of speech, of words
Notes: This word refers to the physical organ of the tongue, but it is also commonly used to mean a language or dialect, or even speech itself. In the provided examples, it is used in the sense of 'languages' or 'tongues' of nations, and also 'contention of tongues' meaning 'strife of words'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΛΕΚΤΟΣ, ΦΩΝΗ, ΛΑΛΙΑ
G2476
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ess-TOH-tess
Translations: standing, having stood, those standing, they who stood
Notes: This word is the perfect active participle of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in a state of having stood or having taken a stand. It can refer to individuals or groups who are currently standing, or who have previously taken a position and remain in that state.
Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΝΕΣΤΩΤΕΣ, ΠΑΡΕΣΤΩΤΕΣ
G1799
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: en-OH-pee-oh
Translations: before, in the presence of, in the sight of, in front of
Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in the presence of'. It can also act as a preposition, typically taking the genitive case, to indicate being in front of someone or something, or in their sight. It emphasizes a direct, face-to-face encounter or a position directly before an entity.
Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial form). It is derived from the noun 'enopion' (G1799), which is neuter singular.
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ
Etymology: Derived from the Greek preposition 'en' (in) and 'ops' (face, eye), literally meaning 'in the face' or 'in the sight'.
G2362
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: thraw-NOO
Translations: (of) a throne, (of) the throne, (of) a seat, (of) the seat
Notes: This word refers to a throne or a seat of authority. It is used to denote a royal seat, a place of power, or a high position. In the provided examples, it is used in contexts relating to kings and kingdoms, indicating a seat from which a ruler governs.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΔΡΑ, ΕΔΡΑ
G1799
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: en-OH-pee-on
Translations: before, in the presence of, in the sight of, in front of
Notes: This word functions as an adverb or an improper preposition, meaning 'before' or 'in the presence of'. It is used to indicate a position directly in front of someone or something, or to denote being under the observation or authority of someone. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition 'ἐν' (en, meaning 'in') and 'ὤψ' (ōps, meaning 'face' or 'countenance'). It literally means 'in the face of' or 'in the sight of'.
G0721
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-NEE-oo
Translations: of a lamb, of the Lamb
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΑΡΝΙΟΝ' (arnion), meaning 'lamb'. It is often used in a figurative sense to refer to Jesus Christ in the New Testament, particularly in the Book of Revelation, symbolizing his sacrifice and innocence. As a genitive case, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΜΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΑΡΝΙΟΝ' (arnion) is a diminutive of 'ΑΡΝΟΣ' (arnos), meaning 'lamb'. It is derived from an ancient root meaning 'lamb' or 'sheep'.
G4016
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-vev-lee-MEH-noos
Translations: clothed, dressed, wearing, having put on
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been clothed' or 'clothed'. It describes someone who has put on clothing or something similar. It is often used to describe people who are dressed in a particular way, such as in sackcloth or fine garments. It can also be used metaphorically to describe being surrounded or enveloped by something.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΕΔΥΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΗΜΦΙΕΣΜΕΝΟΥΣ
Etymology: The word περιβάλλω (periballō) is a compound word formed from περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw'. Thus, it literally means 'to throw around' or 'to cast about', which evolved to mean 'to put on clothing' or 'to clothe'.
G4016
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-vev-LEE-meh-noy
Translations: clothed, having been clothed, surrounded, having been surrounded, arrayed, having been arrayed
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been clothed' or 'having been surrounded'. It describes a state of being covered or encircled, often with clothing, but can also refer to being surrounded by a group of people or a quality like power. It implies a completed action with ongoing results.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΕΔΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΣΤΑΛΜΕΝΟΙ
Etymology: The word περιβάλλω (periballō) is a compound word formed from περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. Thus, it literally means 'to throw around' or 'to cast about', leading to the sense of clothing or surrounding.
G4749
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sto-LAS
Translations: robes, garments, dresses
Notes: This word refers to long, flowing garments or robes, often worn as a mark of dignity, office, or status. It is used to describe clothing in general, but often implies a more formal or significant attire. In the provided examples, it refers to 'garments' or 'robes' that people wear.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΜΑ, ΙΜΑΤΙΟΝ, ΧΙΤΩΝ
G3022
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: LEF-kas
Translations: white
Notes: This word describes something as being white in color. It is used to modify nouns, indicating their color. For example, it could describe white garments, white hair, or a white object.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΓΟΣ, ΦΑΙΔΡΟΣ
G5403
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: foy-NEE-kas
Translations: palm tree, a palm tree, date palm, a date palm, palm branch, a palm branch
Notes: This word refers to a palm tree, specifically a date palm, or a branch from such a tree. It is often used in contexts related to victory, triumph, or celebration, as palm branches were used to welcome victors or important figures. It can also refer to the fruit of the palm tree, dates.
Inflection: Masculine, Accusative Plural
Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to the color 'purple-red' (φοῖνιξ), perhaps because of the reddish-brown color of dates or the purple dye associated with Phoenicia.
G5403
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: FOY-nee-kes
Translations: palm trees, palms, a palm tree
Notes: This word refers to palm trees or palm branches. It is used in the plural form to denote multiple palm trees or branches, often in a decorative or symbolic context, such as carvings or architectural elements.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The word ΦΟΙΝΙΞ (phoinix) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the color purple-red and the mythical bird, the phoenix, as well as the land of Phoenicia, all of which may share a common root related to this color or the palm tree itself.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EN
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH-ees
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: This word is the dative plural feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate that the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the dative case, often signifying indirect objects, recipients, or the means by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to the' or 'for the', or simply 'the' depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHER-sin
Translations: (to) hands, (with) hands, (in) hands, hands
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'hand'. It refers to multiple hands and indicates the indirect object of an action, the instrument by which something is done, or the location where something is found. It is often translated as 'to hands', 'with hands', or 'in hands' depending on the specific context of the sentence.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.
G2896
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KRAH-zoo-sin
Translations: they cry out, they shout, they call out
Notes: This word means to cry out, shout, or call out, often with a loud voice. It describes the action of vocalizing strongly, whether in distress, joy, or to make a proclamation. It is used when a group of people are making a loud sound.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΒΟΑΩ, ΚΕΚΡΑΓΑ, ΦΩΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΚΡΑΖΩ is of imitative origin, mimicking the sound of a cry or shout.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leh-GON-tes
Translations: saying, speaking, telling
Notes: This is the present active participle of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or saying something, often functioning adverbially to describe how an action is performed, or adjectivally to describe those who are speaking.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΦΩΝΟΥΝΤΕΣ
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G4991
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soh-tee-REE-ah
Translations: salvation, a salvation, deliverance, preservation, safety
Notes: This word refers to the act of saving or being saved from danger, destruction, or sin. In a theological context, it often refers to spiritual deliverance from sin and its consequences, leading to eternal life. It can also refer to physical rescue or preservation from harm.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ, ΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ, ΔΙΑΣΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb σώζω (sōzō, "to save, deliver, preserve"), related to σωτήρ (sōtēr, "savior").
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THEH-oh
Translations: to God, for God, God
Notes: This word is a nomina sacra, a contracted form of the Koine Greek word ΘΕΩ (THEO). It is the dative singular form of the noun ΘΕΟΣ (THEOS), meaning 'God'. As a dative case, it typically indicates the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. Thus, it is commonly translated as 'to God' or 'for God'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
G2521
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ka-THEE-meh-noh
Translations: sitting, seated, dwelling, residing, remaining, abiding
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'kathēmai', meaning 'to sit' or 'to be seated'. It describes someone who is in the act of sitting or who is in a seated position. It can also extend to mean dwelling, residing, or remaining in a place, implying a settled state. It is often used to describe people in a particular location or position.
Inflection: Present, Participle, Middle/Passive, Masculine/Neuter, Dative, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΑΙ, ΟΙΚΕΩ, ΜΕΝΩ
G2362
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THRO-noh
Translations: (to) a throne, (to) the throne
Notes: This word refers to a throne, a seat of power or authority, often associated with royalty or divine rule. In its dative form, as seen here, it indicates the recipient or location of an action, meaning 'to a throne' or 'on a throne'. It is commonly used in contexts describing God's or a ruler's seat of power.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΔΡΑ, ΕΔΡΑ
G0721
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-NEE-oh
Translations: to the lamb, for the lamb
Notes: This word refers to a young sheep, specifically a lamb. It is used in a dative case, indicating the recipient or indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. In the New Testament, it frequently symbolizes Jesus Christ.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΒΑΤΟΝ, ΑΜΝΟΣ
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G0165
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahee-OH-nas
Translations: age, an age, eternity, forever, world, a world, course, a course
Notes: This word refers to a period of time, which can be an age, an era, or even eternity. It can also refer to the world or the present order of things. Its meaning often depends on the context, sometimes denoting a long, indefinite period, and at other times a specific, defined epoch. It is a masculine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΙΩΝ (aion) comes from an ancient root meaning 'living' or 'vital force', evolving to denote a lifetime, then an age, and eventually eternity. It is related to the concept of continuous existence.
G0165
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahee-OH-nohn
Translations: of ages, of eternities, of worlds
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'ΑΙΩΝ' (aiōn), meaning 'age,' 'eternity,' or 'world.' It is often used in phrases to denote an indefinite period of time, such as 'forever' or 'unto the ages of ages,' emphasizing an unending duration or a succession of ages.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΩΝ, ΚΑΙΡΩΝ
G0281
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Interjection
Sounds like: ah-MEN
Translations: Amen, verily, truly, so be it
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΑΜΗΝ (Amen). It is a Hebrew loanword used in Greek to express affirmation, agreement, or a solemn declaration. It can be translated as 'truly' or 'verily' when introducing a statement, or 'so be it' when concluding a prayer or declaration. It signifies certainty and truth.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Hebrew אָמֵן (ʾāmēn), meaning 'certainly, truly'. It is derived from the root אמן (ʾmn), which means 'to be firm, trustworthy'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tes
Translations: all, every, whole
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality or completeness of a group or quantity, often referring to 'all' members of a set or 'every' single item. It can also mean 'whole' when referring to a single entity.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: HOLOS
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G0032
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ANG-geh-loy
Translations: angels, messengers
Notes: This word refers to a messenger, envoy, or one who brings tidings. In a religious context, it most commonly refers to a celestial being, an angel, who serves as a divine messenger or agent. It is a plural form of the word.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΚΕΣ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΙ
G2476
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: is-TAY-kee-san
Translations: they had stood, they stood, they were standing
Notes: This word is a verb, specifically the third person plural pluperfect active indicative form of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. The pluperfect tense indicates an action that was completed in the past before another past action. Therefore, it describes a state of having stood or having been set up. It can also function as an aorist (simple past) in some contexts, meaning 'they stood'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Pluperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ESTĒSAN, ESTĒKOTES
Etymology: The verb ἵστημι (histēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-, meaning 'to stand'. It is a common verb in Greek, with a wide range of meanings related to standing, setting, or establishing.
G2944
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: KOO-kloh
Translations: around, round about, in a circle
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'around' or 'round about'. It is used to describe something that encompasses or surrounds another object or location, or movement in a circular path. It can indicate position or direction.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΞ, ΠΕΡΙ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΚΛΩ is derived from the noun ΚΥΚΛΟΣ (kyklos), meaning 'circle' or 'ring'. It describes something related to a circular shape or movement.
G4245
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-ron
Translations: of elders, of older men, of presbyters, of older, of older ones
Notes: This word refers to older men, elders, or presbyters. It is often used in a religious or administrative context to denote leaders or respected individuals within a community, such as church elders or members of a council. It can also simply mean 'older' when used as an adjective.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΝΤΩΝ, ΠΡΟΕΣΤΩΤΩΝ
G5064
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: TESS-sah-roh
Translations: four
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'four'. It is used to indicate a quantity of four items or individuals. It can be used attributively with nouns, agreeing in gender, number, and case, or substantively to refer to 'the four' of something.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'four'. It is related to similar words for 'four' in other Indo-European languages.
G2226
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: zoh-OHN
Translations: of living things, of animals, of creatures, of beasts
Notes: This word refers to living beings, creatures, or animals. It is often used in a general sense to describe any animate being, from humans to beasts. In the provided examples, it refers to 'living creatures' or 'animals'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΘΗΡΙΟΝ, ΚΤΗΝΟΣ
G4098
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-peh-sah
Translations: I fell, I have fallen, I dropped, I have dropped
Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'πίπτω' (pipto), meaning 'to fall' or 'to drop'. It describes a completed action of falling that occurred in the past. It can be used in sentences like 'I fell to the ground' or 'I dropped the object'.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΚΠΙΠΤΩ
Etymology: The verb 'πίπτω' (pipto) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to fall'.
G4383
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-SOH-pah
Translations: faces, countenances, presences, persons, appearances
Notes: This word refers to faces, countenances, or presences. It can also denote a person or an outward appearance. In a broader sense, it can refer to the surface of something. It is the plural form of the noun 'prosopon'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΨΕΙΣ, ΕΙΔΗ, ΥΠΟΣΤΑΣΕΙΣ
Etymology: The word 'prosopon' is a compound word formed from 'pros' (πρός), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'ops' (ὤψ), meaning 'eye' or 'face'. It originally referred to the part of the face that is seen, then extended to mean the face itself, and later a person or presence.
G4352
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-eh-koo-NEE-san
Translations: they worshiped, they bowed down, they prostrated themselves, they did obeisance
Notes: This word describes the act of showing reverence or adoration, typically by prostrating oneself or bowing down. It implies an act of worship or homage, often directed towards God, a deity, or a person of high authority. It is frequently used with the dative case to indicate the object of worship or reverence.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ
Etymology: The word προσκυνέω is a compound word formed from πρός (pros), meaning 'towards' or 'before', and κυνέω (kyneō), meaning 'to kiss'. The original sense was to kiss the ground when prostrating oneself before a superior, or to kiss the hand of a superior.
G0281
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ah-MEN
Translations: Amen, truly, verily, so be it
Notes: This word is an affirmation, meaning 'truly' or 'so be it'. It is often used to express agreement or to confirm the truth of a statement. It can appear at the beginning of a sentence to emphasize the truthfulness of what is about to be said, or at the end of a prayer or declaration to signify assent and a desire for the preceding words to come to pass.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΝΑΙ
Etymology: The word is a transliteration of the Hebrew word 'āmēn', meaning 'certainly', 'truly', or 'so be it'. It is derived from a root meaning 'to be firm' or 'to be reliable'.
G2129
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: yoo-lo-GHEE-ah
Translations: blessing, praise, benediction, a blessing, a good word
Notes: This word refers to a blessing, commendation, or praise. It can denote a divine favor or a spoken word of blessing. It is a compound word, formed from 'ευ' (eu), meaning 'good' or 'well', and 'λογος' (logos), meaning 'word' or 'speech', thus literally 'good word' or 'well-speaking'. It is used to describe both the act of blessing and the benefit received from a blessing.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ, ΕΠΑΙΝΟΣ, ΔΩΡΟΝ
Etymology: Derived from the verb ΕΥΛΟΓΕΩ (eulogeo), meaning 'to bless' or 'to speak well of'. It combines the prefix 'ευ' (eu), meaning 'good' or 'well', with 'λογος' (logos), meaning 'word' or 'speech'.
G1391
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOK-sah
Translations: glory, a glory, splendor, honor, praise, reputation, dignity, majesty
Notes: This word refers to glory, splendor, or honor. It can describe the inherent majesty of God, the praise given to someone, or a person's reputation. It is often used in a theological context to refer to the divine nature or manifestation of God's presence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΗ, ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΕΥΚΛΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the Greek verb δοκέω (dokeō), meaning 'to seem, to appear, to think'. The noun originally referred to an opinion or expectation, then evolved to mean 'reputation' and eventually 'glory' or 'splendor'.
G4678
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: so-FEE-ah
Translations: wisdom, a wisdom
Notes: This word refers to wisdom, which is the quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment. It often implies practical insight and skill in living, or divine wisdom. It is used as a feminine noun in sentences.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΦΡΟΝΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'skill' or 'cleverness', evolving to mean 'wisdom' or 'prudence'.
G2169
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: yoo-kha-ris-TEE-ah
Translations: thanksgiving, gratitude, a thanksgiving, a gratitude, Eucharist
Notes: This word refers to the act of giving thanks or expressing gratitude. In a religious context, particularly within Christianity, it also refers to the sacrament of the Eucharist or Holy Communion, which is a service of thanksgiving. It is used to describe both the general feeling of thankfulness and the specific act or ritual of giving thanks.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΙΑ, ΔΟΞΑ
Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and χάρις (charis), meaning 'grace' or 'favor'. Thus, it literally means 'good grace' or 'well-graced', evolving to mean 'thanksgiving' or 'gratitude'.
G5092
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TEE-may
Translations: honor, a price, value, respect, a sum, esteem, dignity
Notes: This word refers to honor, respect, or esteem, often implying a high regard for someone or something. It can also denote a monetary value or price, indicating the worth of an item or a sum paid. It is used in sentences to describe the value or respect attributed to a person, object, or action.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΟΞΑ, ΑΞΙΑ, ΚΕΡΔΟΣ
Etymology: This word comes from an ancient root meaning 'to value' or 'to estimate'. It is related to the verb τιμάω (timaō), meaning 'to honor' or 'to value'.
G1411
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOO-nah-mees
Translations: power, might, strength, ability, miracle, a power, a miracle
Notes: This word refers to inherent power, ability, or strength, often implying a capacity for action or accomplishment. It can describe physical strength, moral power, or even miraculous power, especially when referring to divine power or acts of God. It is frequently used in the New Testament to denote the supernatural power of God or the Holy Spirit, or the power demonstrated through miracles.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ, ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: From δύναμαι (dynamai, "to be able, to have power"), which is of uncertain origin.
G2479
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: is-KHOOS
Translations: strength, power, might, ability, a strength, a power
Notes: This word refers to inherent strength, power, or might, often implying a physical or moral capacity. It describes the ability to do something or to exert force. It is used to denote the full measure of one's strength or capability.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
Etymology: The etymology of ΙΣΧΥΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb ἴσχω (ischō), meaning 'to hold, restrain, or have power'.
G0611
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-KREE-thay
Translations: answered, replied
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to answer' or 'to reply'. It is formed from the preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb 'κρίνω' (krino), meaning 'to judge' or 'to decide'. In its middle or passive voice, it takes on the meaning of 'to answer back' or 'to reply'. It is commonly used to describe someone giving a verbal response to a question or statement.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive (or Middle), 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΙΠΟΝ, ΛΕΓΩ
Etymology: The word ἀποκρίνομαι (apokrinomai) is derived from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κρίνω (krino), meaning 'to judge' or 'to separate'. The combination suggests a 'separation by judgment' or 'a decision coming forth', which evolved into the meaning of 'to answer' or 'to reply'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: of the, of them
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΤΩΝ (TON), the genitive plural form of the definite article. It functions like the English 'of the' or 'of them', indicating possession or relationship for multiple nouns. It is used to specify or refer back to a previously mentioned group of people or things.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OO-toy
Translations: these, they
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they'. It is used to point out or refer to specific people or things that are nearby or have just been mentioned. It functions similarly to 'these ones' or 'these people' in English.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
G1785, G395
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: toh-LAS
Translations: commands, precepts, ordinances, instructions, east, sunrise, rising
Notes: This word is a homograph and can represent two different words depending on the original diacritics. It could be a form of ΕΝΤΟΛΗ (entole), meaning 'command' or 'precept', referring to divine or human instructions. Alternatively, it could be a form of ΑΝΑΤΟΛΗ (anatole), meaning 'east', 'sunrise', or 'rising', often used to refer to the direction from which the sun rises or the act of rising itself. The context of the sentence is crucial for determining the correct meaning.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΑΓΜΑ, ΔΥΣΜΗ
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TI-nes
Translations: some, certain ones, who, what
Notes: This word is an indefinite pronoun meaning 'some' or 'certain ones'. It can also function as an interrogative pronoun, asking 'who?' or 'what?' in the plural. Its meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-seen
Translations: they are, are
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be'. It means 'they are' or simply 'are', indicating existence or a state of being for a plural subject. It can be used to link a subject to a predicate, such as 'they are good' or to state the existence of something, as in 'there are many people'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
G4226
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PO-then
Translations: from where, whence, from what source
Notes: This adverb is used to inquire about the origin, source, or place from which something comes. It can be translated as 'from where' or 'whence'. It is often used in interrogative sentences to ask about the starting point of an action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΟΙ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: From the pronominal stem *po- (related to interrogative pronouns) and the suffix -θεν indicating origin or source.
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EEL-thon
Translations: I came, I went, they came, they went
Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. The aorist tense describes an action that occurred at a specific point in the past, without emphasizing its duration or completion. It can be translated as 'I came/went' (first person singular) or 'they came/went' (third person plural), depending on the context.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ
Etymology: The word ἔρχομαι (erchomai) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to move' or 'to go'.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-RAY-kah
Translations: I have said, I have spoken, I have told
Notes: This is the first person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb 'ΕΡΩ' (ero), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates a completed action in the past with continuing relevance to the present, often translated as 'I have said' or 'I have spoken'.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-eh
Translations: Lord, O Lord, Master, Sir
Notes: This word is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΕ (Kyrie), which is the vocative form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It is used as a direct address to God or Jesus, meaning 'Lord' or 'Master'. It can also be used as a respectful address to a human, similar to 'Sir'.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
Etymology: From κύρω (kyro), meaning 'to have power' or 'to be master of'.
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: you
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun meaning 'you' (singular). It is used when addressing a single person directly, typically as the subject of a sentence. It can also be used emphatically to highlight the person being addressed.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Second Person
Etymology: The word 'ΣΥ' is an ancient Greek pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been consistently used throughout various stages of the Greek language to refer to the second person singular.
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: OY-das
Translations: you know, you have known, you understand
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to know' or 'to understand'. It refers to a deep, intuitive knowledge, often gained through experience, rather than mere intellectual acquaintance. It is used when addressing a single person.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΕΙΣ
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-pen
Translations: he said, she said, it said, he spoke, she spoke, it spoke
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone has said in the past. For example, 'he said' or 'she spoke'. It is a common way to introduce direct or indirect speech in a narrative.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G2064
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ER-kho-men-oy
Translations: coming, those who are coming, the ones coming, who come, when they come, as they come
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing or simultaneous with the main verb. In this form, it refers to 'those who are coming' or 'the ones coming', often implying a continuous or habitual action of coming or going. It can be used to describe people or things that are in the process of arriving or moving towards a location.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Nominative Case, Masculine Gender, Plural Number
Synonyms: ΗΚΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΑΡΟΝΤΕΣ
G2347
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THLIP-seh-ohss
Translations: (of) tribulation, (of) affliction, (of) distress, (of) trouble, (of) pressure, a tribulation, an affliction, a distress, a trouble, a pressure
Notes: This word refers to a state of pressure, distress, or suffering. It denotes a crushing or pressing together, which can be literal or figurative, leading to hardship or trouble. It is often used in the context of difficulties, persecutions, or severe trials faced by individuals or communities.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ, ΠΙΕΣΙΣ, ΔΟΚΙΜΗ
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-gah-lays
Translations: (of) great, (of) large, (of) mighty, (of) powerful
Notes: This word describes something that is large in size, great in importance, or intense in degree. It is used to modify feminine nouns in the genitive case, indicating possession, origin, or relationship.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ
G4150
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-LY-nan
Translations: they washed, they did wash
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'πλύνω' (plynō), meaning 'to wash' or 'to cleanse'. It describes an action of washing that was completed in the past by a group of people. For example, it could be used to say 'they washed their clothes' or 'they washed the nets'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΝΙΠΤΩ, ΛΟΥΩ
Etymology: The word 'πλύνω' (plynō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to flow' or 'to sprinkle'.
G3021
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-LEF-kah-nan
Translations: they made white, they whitened, they cleansed, they purified
Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'they made white' or 'they whitened'. It is derived from the root 'λευκαίνω' (leukainō), which means 'to whiten' or 'to make white'. In a broader sense, it can also imply cleansing or purifying, as making something white often signifies removing impurities. It describes an action performed by a group of people in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΑΡΙΖΩ, ΑΠΟΠΛΥΝΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TAS
Translations: them, these, those, her, it, the same
Notes: This word is a pronoun that can mean 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' (intensive), 'he, she, it, they' (personal pronoun, often emphatic), or 'the same' (demonstrative). In this specific inflected form, it is the accusative plural feminine, meaning it refers to multiple feminine objects or persons as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can be translated as 'them' (feminine), 'these' (feminine), or 'those' (feminine).
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Particle
Sounds like: EP-see-lon (as a letter name), eh (as a sound)
Translations: E, 5, if, then, indeed
Notes: This is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, epsilon. It can represent the number 5. As a standalone word, 'Ε' is not typically found in Koine Greek texts. It is highly probable that 'Ε' in the provided context is a typographical error or an abbreviation for a word like 'εἰ' (if) or 'ἐν' (in). If it were 'εἰ', it would function as a conditional particle meaning 'if'. If it were 'ἐν', it would be a preposition meaning 'in' or 'among'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or numeral). As a particle, it does not inflect.
Etymology: The letter Epsilon (Ε) is derived from the Phoenician letter He. Its name 'epsilon' means 'simple E' to distinguish it from the diphthong 'αι' (ai), which had come to be pronounced the same way.
G0001
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AH-ee-mah-tee
Translations: to blood, in blood, with blood, by blood
Notes: This word refers to blood, the fluid that circulates in the vascular system of humans and other vertebrates. It is often used in a literal sense, but can also carry symbolic meaning, such as representing life, sacrifice, or kinship, especially in religious or covenantal contexts.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3000
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LAH-treh-OO-sin
Translations: they serve, they worship, they render sacred service
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to serve, worship, or render sacred service. It often implies a religious or devotional service, indicating an act of homage or obedience towards a deity or a higher power. It describes the action of a group of people performing such service.
Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΘΡΗΣΚΕΥΩ
Etymology: The word derives from the Greek word λάτρις (latris), meaning 'a hired servant' or 'worshipper'. It is related to λάτρον (latron), meaning 'pay for service'.
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HEM-eh-ras
Translations: day, a day, of day, of a day, days
Notes: The word refers to a day, a period of 24 hours, or the daylight portion of a day. It is a feminine noun and can be used in various grammatical cases to indicate different relationships in a sentence. For example, it can denote a duration of time (e.g., 'three days') or a point in time (e.g., 'on that day').
Inflection: Feminine, Genitive Singular or Accusative Plural
G3571
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOOK-tos
Translations: of night, of a night, night's
Notes: This word refers to the period of darkness between sunset and sunrise. As a genitive case, it indicates possession, origin, or time, often translated as 'of night' or 'by night'. It is used to specify when an event occurs or to describe something belonging to the night.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΚΟΤΟΣ, ΖΟΦΟΣ
G3485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NAH-oh
Translations: to a temple, in a temple, to the temple, in the temple
Notes: This is the dative singular form of the noun 'ναός' (naos), which refers to a temple or shrine, specifically the inner sanctuary or dwelling place of a deity. It is used to indicate the indirect object of an action, or location (often translated with 'to' or 'in'). In the provided examples, it is used to denote location, such as 'in the temple'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΕΩΚΟΡΟΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: of him, of it, his, its, of himself, of itself, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun, a possessive pronoun, or an intensive/reflexive pronoun. In the genitive case, as seen here, it typically means 'of him' or 'of it' when referring to a third person, or 'his' or 'its' to indicate possession. It can also be used for emphasis, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', especially when preceding the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2521
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ka-THEE-meh-nos
Translations: sitting, seated, dwelling, abiding, remaining
Notes: This word is a present participle derived from the verb 'to sit'. It describes someone who is in the act of sitting, or who is seated. It can also imply dwelling or abiding in a place. It often functions adjectivally, describing a noun, or adverbially, indicating the manner of an action.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΩΝ, ΜΕΝΩΝ
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ghee-NOH-skay
Translations: knows, understands, perceives
Notes: This word means 'to know' or 'to understand'. It refers to gaining knowledge through experience or observation, or having an intimate understanding of something or someone. It is often used to describe a deep, personal knowledge rather than just factual information. In a sentence, it would function as the main verb, indicating that someone 'knows' or 'understands' something.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present tense, Active voice, Indicative mood
Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: ep-EE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, by, in, for, in addition to, besides, after, during, when, because of, concerning
Notes: This word is a common Koine Greek preposition that can also function as an adverb or a prefix. Its meaning is highly dependent on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place or time), 'in the time of', or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'on, upon, at' (of place), 'in addition to', 'for the purpose of', or 'because of'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'on, upon, to' (indicating motion towards), 'against', 'over' (of authority), or 'for' (of purpose). As a prefix, it generally adds the meaning of 'upon', 'over', 'to', or 'in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑ, ΥΠΕΡ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G4637
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: skay-NO-say
Translations: will dwell, will tabernacle, will live, will reside
Notes: This word describes the act of dwelling, living, or taking up residence, often with the connotation of setting up a tent or tabernacle. It implies a temporary or semi-permanent habitation, but can also refer to a more permanent dwelling. It is used to describe God's dwelling among people or people dwelling in a place.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΩ, ΚΑΤΟΙΚΕΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ
G3756, G3757
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when
Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.
G4095
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pi-NAH-soo-sin
Translations: they will drink, they shall drink
Notes: This word is a verb in the future tense, indicating an action that will happen in the future. It means 'they will drink' or 'they shall drink'. It is the third person plural form of the verb 'to drink', referring to a group of people performing the action.
Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
G3761
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OO-deh
Translations: and not, neither, nor, not even, not
Notes: This word is a compound conjunction or adverb meaning 'and not', 'neither', 'nor', or 'not even'. It is used to connect two negative clauses or to emphasize a negation. It often appears in lists to negate multiple items, similar to how 'neither...nor' is used in English. It can also simply mean 'not' when emphasizing a point.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΕ, ΜΗΔΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, 'not') and the conjunction ΔΕ (de, 'but, and').
G1372
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dip-sah-SOO-sin
Translations: they will thirst, they will be thirsty
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to thirst' or 'to be thirsty'. It is used here in the future tense, indicating an action that will happen in the future. It describes the state of needing water or having a strong desire for something, often metaphorically.
Inflection: Future Active Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
G2089
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: EH-tee
Translations: still, yet, even, besides, further, moreover, again, no longer
Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate continuation, addition, or emphasis. It can mean 'still' or 'yet' when referring to something ongoing, 'further' or 'moreover' when adding information, or 'even' for emphasis. It can also be used with a negative to mean 'no longer' or 'not yet'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΤΙ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eti, meaning 'beyond, in addition'. It is related to the English word 'et' (and).
G4098
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PEH-see
Translations: fall, fall down, fall upon, fall into, be cast down, perish
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'pipto', meaning 'to fall'. It is used to describe the act of descending, collapsing, or being cast down. It can also imply perishing or falling into a particular state or situation. In the provided examples, it describes falling onto the ground, falling into a house, or falling upon a bear.
Inflection: Aorist, Subjunctive, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΜΠΙΠΤΩ
G2246
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HEE-lee-os
Translations: sun, a sun
Notes: This word refers to the sun, the star that the Earth orbits. It is commonly used to denote the celestial body itself or its light and warmth. It can be used in sentences like 'the sun rose' or 'the sun shone brightly'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with Latin 'sol' and English 'sun'.
G2740
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOW-mah
Translations: burning heat, heat, a burning, a heat
Notes: This word refers to intense heat, often associated with the sun or a fire. It describes a scorching or burning sensation or condition. It can be used to describe the heat of the day or the heat from a flame.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΥΡΩΣΙΣ, ΘΕΡΜΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: From the Greek verb καίω (kaiō), meaning 'to burn'.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G0721
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AR-nee-on
Translations: lamb, a lamb, little lamb
Notes: This word refers to a young lamb, often used metaphorically to describe innocence, sacrifice, or a follower. It is a diminutive form of the word for 'sheep' or 'ram', emphasizing its small size or youth. In biblical contexts, it frequently refers to Jesus Christ as the 'Lamb of God'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΜΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΒΑΤΟΝ
Etymology: From the Greek word 'arnos' (ἀρνός), meaning 'lamb' or 'sheep', with the diminutive suffix '-ion'.
G0303
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Prefix
Sounds like: AH-nah
Translations: up, upward, among, through, each, by, again, back, a, an
Notes: ΑΝΑ is a versatile word that can function as a preposition, an adverb, or a prefix in compound words. As a preposition, it typically takes the accusative case and signifies movement upwards, distribution (each, by), or repetition (again, back). As an adverb, it can mean 'up' or 'upwards'. When used as a prefix, it often conveys ideas of upward movement, reversal, repetition, or distribution.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΚΑΤΑ, ΠΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- 'on, upon'. It is cognate with English 'on' and 'up'.
G3319
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: MEH-son
Translations: middle, midst, between, among, a middle, the middle
Notes: This word refers to the middle point, space, or time. It is often used in phrases with prepositions like "ana" (ἀνά) or "en" (ἐν) to indicate being "in the midst of," "between," or "among" things or people.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΟΣ, ΕΝΔΟΝ, ΕΝΤΟΣ
G4165
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-MAH-nay
Translations: he will shepherd, he will tend, he will rule, he will govern
Notes: This word describes the action of a shepherd, which involves tending, feeding, and guiding a flock. By extension, it is often used metaphorically to describe the act of ruling, governing, or caring for people, much like a shepherd cares for sheep. It implies leadership, protection, and provision.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Future Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΒΟΣΚΩ, ΝΕΜΩ
G3594
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oh-dee-GAY-see
Translations: he will lead, she will lead, it will lead, he will guide, she will guide, it will guide, he will show the way, she will show the way, it will show the way
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to lead,' 'to guide,' or 'to show the way.' It is used to describe someone or something providing direction or guidance to another, often in a metaphorical sense, such as guiding someone in their actions or teaching them a path. It is a compound word formed from 'ὁδός' (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road,' and 'ἡγέομαι' (hēgeomai), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide.'
Inflection: Future Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΘΟΔΗΓΕΩ
G2222
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ZOH-ays
Translations: (of) life, (of) a life
Notes: Ζωῆς (zōēs) is the genitive singular form of the noun ζωή (zōē), which means 'life'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of life' or 'belonging to life'. It can refer to physical life, spiritual life, or a way of living. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the word of life' or 'the tree of life'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G4077
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pay-GAS
Translations: spring, a spring, fountain, a fountain, well, a well
Notes: This word refers to a spring of water, a fountain, or a well. It is used to describe a natural source of flowing water. In a sentence, it would typically refer to a physical water source, but can also be used metaphorically for a source of something else, like a source of life or wisdom.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΡΕΑΡ, ΚΡΗΝΗ
G5204
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hy-DAH-tohn
Translations: of water, waters
Notes: This word is a noun referring to water. It is used in the genitive plural case, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of waters' or simply 'waters' when the context implies a quantity or source. It is a common term used to describe bodies of water, sources of water, or water in general.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
G1813
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eks-ah-LIP-see
Translations: he will wipe away, he will wipe out, he will blot out, he will erase, he will remove
Notes: This word means to wipe away, blot out, or erase completely. It is often used in the context of removing tears, sins, or names from a book. It implies a thorough and complete removal, leaving no trace behind.
Inflection: Future Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΕΚΚΟΠΤΩ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THEH-oss
Translations: God, a God, Lord
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation, for the Greek word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos). It refers to God, the supreme being, or a god in a general sense. It is commonly used in the New Testament to refer to the God of Israel.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It refers to the supreme divinity, or a deity in general.
G1404
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DRA-koo-on
Translations: dragon, a dragon, serpent, a serpent
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the noun 'δράκων' (drakōn), meaning 'dragon' or 'serpent'. It is used to refer to a large, mythical serpent or a powerful, evil entity, often symbolic of Satan in biblical contexts. The form 'δράκυον' is a diminutive, implying a 'little dragon' or 'little serpent', though it can also be used without a strong diminutive sense, simply referring to a dragon or serpent.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΦΙΣ
Etymology: The root word ΔΡΑΚΩΝ (drakōn) comes from the Greek verb δέρκομαι (derkomai), meaning 'to see clearly' or 'to flash'. This etymology suggests a creature with a piercing gaze or one that is easily seen due to its size or striking appearance.
G1144
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DAK-roo-on
Translations: tear, a tear
Notes: This word refers to a tear, which is a drop of liquid that comes from the eye, typically in response to emotion, pain, or irritation. It is commonly used in contexts describing weeping or sorrow.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΑΥΘΜΟΣ, ΟΔΥΡΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word "δάκρυον" (dakryon) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dáḱru-, meaning "tear." It is related to words for tears in other Indo-European languages.
G3788
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: of-thal-MOHN
Translations: of eyes
Notes: This word refers to the eyes, the organs of sight. It is used to describe the physical eyes of a person or animal, and can also be used metaphorically to refer to perception or understanding. In this form, it indicates possession or origin related to multiple eyes.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to a word meaning 'to see' or 'to appear'.
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