2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G2474

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G0305

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-na-BEE-nai

Translations: to go up, to ascend, to come up, to climb, to embark, to arise

Notes: This word describes the action of moving upwards, whether literally ascending a physical height, or metaphorically rising in status or appearing. It can also refer to embarking on a ship or coming up from a lower place, such as water or a valley. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἈΝΑ (ana), meaning 'up' or 'upwards', and the verb ΒΑΙΝΩ (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ἈΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ἈΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G2448

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAHS

Translations: Judas, Judah

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to a person or a geographical region. In the New Testament, it most commonly refers to Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve apostles who betrayed Jesus, or to Judas, the brother of Jesus. It can also refer to the tribe of Judah or the kingdom of Judah in the Old Testament context. It is used as a subject or object in sentences.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: From Hebrew יְהוּדָה (Yehudah), meaning 'praised'. It refers to the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, and subsequently to the tribe and kingdom descended from him.

G1415

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: doo-NAH-tos

Translations: able, powerful, mighty, strong, possible, a mighty one

Notes: This word describes someone or something that possesses power, strength, or ability. It can refer to physical might, moral strength, or the capacity to do something. It can also mean 'possible' when referring to an event or situation. It is often used to describe God as 'the Mighty One'.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (can also be Feminine or Neuter, and other cases/numbers depending on context)

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΣ, ΕΝΔΥΝΑΜΟΣ

Etymology: From δύναμαι (dynamai), meaning 'to be able, to have power'. It relates to the concept of inherent power or capability.

G2479

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: is-KHOO-ee

Translations: to strength, to power, to might, to ability, by strength, by power, by might, by ability

Notes: This word refers to strength, power, or might. It can denote physical strength, moral power, or inherent ability. It is often used to describe the capacity to do something or to overcome obstacles. In the dative case, as seen here, it indicates the means by which something is done, or the recipient of an action related to strength.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FOYS

Translations: to brothers, to brethren, to fellow countrymen, to fellow believers

Notes: This word refers to brothers, both literal siblings and, more broadly, fellow members of a community, nation, or faith. It is often used in a figurative sense to denote close associates or fellow believers, emphasizing a bond of kinship or shared identity. In this dative plural form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to or for brothers/brethren'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΕΚΝΟΙΣ, ΟΜΟΓΕΝΕΣΙΝ

G2233

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: hay-goo-MEH-non

Translations: leading, ruling, governing, a leader, a ruler, a governor, a chief, a commander, a guide

Notes: This word is a present participle derived from the verb 'ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ' (hegeomai), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. As a participle, it can function as an adjective, describing someone or something that is leading, or as a noun, referring to 'a leader' or 'a ruler'. It denotes someone in a position of authority or guidance, often implying a person who goes before others or directs them.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΡΟΕΣΤΩΣ

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G2129

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-lo-GEE-ah

Translations: blessing, a blessing, praise, benediction, good word, eulogy

Notes: This word refers to a blessing, either spoken or bestowed. It can also mean praise or a good word spoken about someone or something. It is a compound word formed from 'eu' (good) and 'logos' (word/speech), literally meaning 'good word' or 'good speech'. It is used to describe divine favor, a beneficial gift, or an act of speaking well of someone.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ, ΔΩΡΕΑ, ΕΠΑΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΛΟΓΙΑ is derived from the Greek words εὖ (eu), meaning 'good' or 'well', and λόγος (logos), meaning 'word' or 'speech'. It originally referred to speaking well of someone or something, which evolved into the sense of praise, and then to a blessing or a beneficial gift.

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HUI-os

Translations: son, a son

Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.

G0958

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: beh-EHL

Translations: Beel, Bel

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a specific person or deity. In some contexts, it refers to the Babylonian deity Bel (also known as Baal), while in others, it can be a personal name. Its usage is typically as a subject or object in a sentence, identifying a particular individual or god.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Beel' is of Semitic origin, derived from the word 'Baal', meaning 'lord' or 'master'. It was a title often applied to various deities in the ancient Near East, particularly the chief god of the Babylonians.

G3346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-toh-KEE-sen

Translations: removed, carried away, caused to migrate, deported

Notes: This verb means to cause someone to change their dwelling, often implying a forced removal or deportation. It describes the act of moving people from one place to another, typically by authority or force. It can be used in contexts of exile or resettlement.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΙΚΙΖΩ, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek μεταοικίζω (metoikízō), from μετά (metá, “with, among, after”) + οἰκίζω (oikízō, “to colonize, settle”). It literally means 'to cause to change dwelling'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: thal-gah-bah-NAH-sar

Translations: Tiglath-Pileser

Notes: This is a proper noun, specifically a transliteration of the name of an Assyrian king, Tiglath-Pileser. He was a significant figure in ancient Near Eastern history, known for his military campaigns and administrative reforms. The name appears in historical and biblical texts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: This word is a transliteration of the Akkadian name Tukultī-apil-Ešarra, which means 'my trust is in the son of Ešarra' (Ešarra being a temple in Assur). It refers to the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III.

G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G0810

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ass-SOOR

Translations: Asshur, Assyria, an Assyrian

Notes: This word refers to Asshur, the land of Assyria, or an Assyrian person. It is often used to denote the powerful ancient empire located in Mesopotamia, known for its military strength and influence in the ancient Near East. It can be used to refer to the geographical region, the people inhabiting it, or the empire itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Dative, Masculine or Neuter (referring to the land/empire)

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name 'Ashshur' (H0804), which refers to the son of Shem, and subsequently the land and people descended from him.

G0758

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AR-khone

Translations: ruler, a ruler, prince, chief, magistrate, official, leader

Notes: This word refers to a person in a position of authority or leadership. It can denote a ruler, a prince, a chief, or any high-ranking official or magistrate. It is used to describe someone who holds power or has a prominent role in a community or government.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἄρχω (archō), meaning 'to rule, to begin'. It refers to one who is first or who leads.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G2695

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tah-loh-khiss-MOYS

Translations: (to) enrollments, (to) registrations, (to) lists, (to) divisions

Notes: This is a compound word derived from 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and 'λοχισμός' (lochismos), meaning 'enrollment' or 'listing'. It refers to the act of enrolling or registering, or the resulting lists or divisions of people, often in a military or organizational context. It is used to indicate the means or instrument by which something is done, or the place where something occurs.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΑΙ

Etymology: The word καταλοχισμός (katalochismos) is derived from the verb καταλοχίζω (katalochizō), meaning 'to enroll' or 'to arrange in companies'. This verb is formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and λοχίζω (lochizō), which comes from λόχος (lochos), meaning 'an ambush' or 'a company of soldiers'. Thus, it originally referred to the arrangement or enrollment of soldiers into companies.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-toh-KAY-sen

Translations: he dwelt, he inhabited, he settled, he lived

Notes: This word means 'to dwell', 'to inhabit', 'to settle', or 'to live in a place'. It describes the act of residing in a specific location, often with a sense of permanence or establishment. It is used to indicate that someone took up residence or made their home somewhere.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΩ, ΜΕΝΩ, ΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ

Etymology: From κατά (kata, 'down, against') and οἰκέω (oikeō, 'to dwell, inhabit'). The prefix κατά intensifies the meaning of dwelling, suggesting a settled or permanent residence.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G0395

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-to-LAS

Translations: east, the east, sunrise, the risings, the sunrises

Notes: This word refers to the direction where the sun rises, hence 'east' or 'sunrise'. It can also refer to the act of rising itself, such as the rising of the sun or stars. In a broader sense, it can denote the region or lands to the east.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΤΟΛΑΙ

Etymology: From the verb ἀνατέλλω (anatellō), meaning 'to rise up' or 'to cause to rise'. It combines ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up', and τέλλω (tellō), meaning 'to accomplish' or 'to rise'.

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G2064

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: er-KHO-meh-nohn

Translations: coming, going, a coming, a going, those coming, those going, of those coming, of those going

Notes: This word is a present participle of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or an adverb, describing an action that is ongoing or habitual. In this form, it refers to 'those who are coming' or 'those who are going', often implying a group or a general state of arrival or departure. It can be used to describe people, events, or things that are in the process of arriving or moving.

Inflection: Present, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΛΘΟΝΤΩΝ, ΙΟΝΤΩΝ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G2048

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: eh-REH-moo

Translations: of the desert, of the wilderness, of a desolate place, desert, wilderness, desolate place

Notes: This word refers to a desolate, uninhabited, or solitary place, often a desert or wilderness. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'desolate' or 'empty'. In the provided context, 'ἘΡΗΜΟΥ' is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, such as 'of the desert'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΥΔΡΟΣ, ΕΡΗΜΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'ἔρημος' (erēmos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁erh₁- meaning 'to separate, to set apart'. It describes a place that is separated or set apart from human habitation.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

G1052

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: GAL-ah-ahd

Translations: Gilead

Notes: Gilead is a geographical region in ancient Palestine, located east of the Jordan River. It is frequently mentioned in the Old Testament as a mountainous and fertile area, known for its balm and pastures. It was inhabited by various tribes of Israel.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The name Gilead is of Hebrew origin, from the word גִּלְעָד (Gil'ad), meaning 'heap of witness' or 'mound of testimony'. It is associated with the heap of stones set up by Jacob and Laban as a covenant witness.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: kah-toy-KOON-tes

Translations: dwelling, inhabiting, residing, living, those who dwell, those who inhabit, those who reside, those who live

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'katoikeō', meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It describes someone or something that is currently dwelling or residing in a place. When used as a noun, it refers to 'those who dwell' or 'the inhabitants' of a particular area. It is often used to describe people living in a specific region or on the earth.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΝΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G2713

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: kah-teh-NAN-tee

Translations: opposite, before, in front of, over against, in the presence of

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a preposition, indicating a position directly facing or opposite to something or someone. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. It describes being in the presence of, or confronting, another entity.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΑΠΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΑΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the adverb ΕΝΑΝΤΙ (enanti), meaning 'opposite' or 'before'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-TOH-kay-sahn

Translations: they dwelt, they lived, they inhabited

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to dwell', 'to live', or 'to inhabit'. It describes the action of residing in a place. As an aorist tense form, it indicates a completed action in the past, specifically that 'they' (a group of people) dwelt or lived somewhere.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΩ, ΕΝΟΙΚΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΟΙΚΕΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'in', and the verb ΟΙΚΕΩ (OIKEŌ), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to live'. Thus, it literally means 'to dwell down' or 'to settle in'.

G0943

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: bah-SAN

Translations: Bashan

Notes: Βασάν (Basan) is a proper noun referring to a fertile region east of the Jordan River, known for its rich pastures and strong cattle. It was part of the territory allotted to the half-tribe of Manasseh. In the provided examples, 'ΒΑΣΑΝΙΤΙΔΟΣ' is the genitive form of 'Βασανῖτις', meaning 'of Bashan' or 'belonging to Bashan'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a proper noun in its base form, though it forms adjectives like 'Βασανῖτις' which do inflect)

Etymology: The word 'Βασάν' is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew word 'בָּשָׁן' (Bashan), which refers to the same geographical region.

G4521

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: sah-BAT

Translations: Sabat, Shebat

Notes: This word refers to 'Shebat', the eleventh month of the Jewish calendar, corresponding roughly to parts of January and February. It is also used as a personal name, likely a variant or related form of 'Sabbath' or 'Sabbatai'. In the provided examples, it appears as a month name and as a personal name.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word 'Sabat' is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew word 'Shevat' (שְׁבָט), which is the name of the eleventh month in the Hebrew calendar. It is also related to the concept of 'Sabbath' (שַׁבָּת), meaning 'rest' or 'cessation'.

G1208

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: DEH-oo-teh-ros

Translations: second, a second

Notes: This word means 'second' in terms of order, rank, or time. It is used to indicate the item or person that follows the first in a sequence. As an adjective, it modifies nouns and agrees with them in gender, number, and case.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular. This adjective inflects for gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), and case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative).

Etymology: From an unused root meaning 'to follow'. It is related to the concept of 'two' but specifically denotes the ordinal position.

G1122

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: grah-ma-TEFS

Translations: scribe, a scribe, secretary, a secretary, clerk, a clerk

Notes: This word refers to a scribe, a person skilled in writing, especially in ancient times. Scribes often served as secretaries, clerks, or public notaries, responsible for writing, copying, and keeping records, and sometimes interpreting laws.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΟΣ, ΝΟΜΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word γράμμα (gramma), meaning 'a letter' or 'writing', combined with a suffix indicating an agent or practitioner. It refers to one who deals with writing or letters.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G5504

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHEE-mah-ros

Translations: young goat, a young goat, kid, a kid

Notes: This word refers to a young goat or a kid. It is typically used to describe a male goat that has not yet reached maturity. In the provided context, it appears in its plural form, 'ΧΙΜΑΡΟΥΣ', referring to multiple young goats, often used in the context of sacrifices or offerings.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΡΙΦΟΣ, ΑΙΞ

Etymology: The word ΧΙΜΑΡΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Greek word for winter, 'χείμα' (cheima), suggesting an animal born in winter or a winter-fed animal.

G3624

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OY-koo

Translations: of a house, of a home, of a household, of a temple, of a family, of a dwelling, of a building

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'οἶκος' (oikos), meaning 'house', 'home', 'household', 'family', or 'temple'. It indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. For example, 'τοῦ οἴκου' would mean 'of the house'. It can refer to a physical dwelling, a family unit, or even a spiritual dwelling like a temple.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'οἶκος' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'dwelling' or 'house'. It is related to words for 'house' in other Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-toy-KOHN

Translations: dwelling, inhabiting, residing, living, who dwells, one who dwells, a dweller, an inhabitant

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'katoikeō', meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that is currently dwelling or inhabiting a place. It can be translated as 'dwelling', 'inhabiting', or 'one who dwells/inhabits', depending on the context. It describes a continuous state of living in a particular location.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΩΝ, ΕΝΟΙΚΩΝ, ΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΟΙΚΕΩ (katoikeō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'in', and the verb ΟΙΚΕΩ (oikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. Thus, it literally means 'to dwell down' or 'to settle in'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: BAH-sahm

Translations: Basam

Notes: This word is a proper noun, likely referring to a geographical location or a personal name. In the provided context, it appears to be a place name, as it is used with the preposition 'ἐν' (in), indicating a location.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The etymology of this specific Koine Greek word 'ΒΑΣΑΜ' is not clearly documented as a standalone term in standard lexicons, suggesting it is likely a transliteration of a foreign (e.g., Hebrew or Aramaic) proper name rather than a word with a Greek etymology. It may be related to place names like Bashan or similar Semitic roots.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G4066

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: peh-ree-KHO-rah

Translations: surrounding regions, country round about, neighborhood, the surrounding country, the surrounding region

Notes: This word refers to the area or country surrounding a particular place, often translated as 'the surrounding region' or 'the country round about'. It is a compound word formed from 'περί' (around) and 'χώρα' (land/region). It is typically used in the plural to describe the collective area around a city or landmark.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΗ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the noun χώρα (chōra), meaning 'land', 'country', or 'region'. It describes the area encircling a specific location.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: geh-ree-AM

Translations: Geriam

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely a place name or a personal name, given its context in ancient texts. It is not a common Koine Greek word and may be a transliteration from another language, such as Hebrew. Its exact meaning in Greek is not clear, but it functions as a specific identifier.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The etymology of ΓΕΡΙΑΜ is uncertain as it does not appear to be a native Greek word. It is likely a transliteration from a Semitic language, possibly Hebrew, into Greek.

G1841

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EX-oh-doo

Translations: of departure, of going out, of exodus, of exit, of end, of death

Notes: This word refers to a going out, a departure, or an exit. It can also refer to the end of something, or even metaphorically to death as a departure from life. It is used to describe the act of leaving a place or situation.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΒΑΣΙΣ, ΕΚΒΑΣΙΣ, ΤΕΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἔξοδος (exodos), a compound word formed from ἐκ (ek, "out of") and ὁδός (hodos, "way, path, journey").

G2426

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-roh-bo-AM

Translations: Jeroboam

Notes: Jeroboam was the name of two kings of ancient Israel. The first Jeroboam was the first king of the northern Kingdom of Israel after the split from the Kingdom of Judah. He reigned for 22 years and is often depicted negatively in the biblical narrative for introducing idolatry. The second Jeroboam, Jeroboam II, was also a king of Israel who reigned much later and brought a period of prosperity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. Proper nouns do not inflect for gender.

Etymology: From Hebrew יָרָבְעָם (Yarob'am), meaning 'the people contend' or 'he contends for the people'.

G0142

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: AI-ron-tes

Translations: lifting, taking up, carrying, bearing, taking away, removing, those who lift, those who take up, those who carry, those who bear, those who take away, those who remove

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'αἴρω' (airō). It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It means 'lifting,' 'taking up,' 'carrying,' 'bearing,' 'taking away,' or 'removing.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, often describing the subject of a sentence or providing additional information about an action. For example, it can be translated as 'those who are lifting' or 'while lifting.'

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ

G5119

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: TEH-ee-non-tes

Translations: stretching, extending, aiming, straining, exerting, those who stretch, those who extend

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ΤΕΙΝΩ', meaning 'to stretch' or 'to extend'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action and functions like an adjective or adverb, often translated as 'stretching' or 'those who stretch'. It can be used to describe someone or something in the act of stretching out hands, a bow, or even an effort.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΙΝΟΝΤΕΣ, ΟΡΕΓΟΝΤΕΣ

G5115

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TOX-on

Translations: bow, a bow

Notes: This word refers to a bow, typically used as a weapon for shooting arrows. It can also refer to anything curved or arched, like a rainbow. In a sentence, it would function as a direct object or subject, indicating the instrument itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΕΛΟΣ, ΤΟΞΕΥΜΑ

Etymology: The word "toxon" comes from an ancient Greek root, possibly related to the idea of bending or stretching. It is the source of English words like 'toxic' (from 'toxikon pharmakon', meaning 'bow poison', referring to poison used on arrows).

G1321

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: deh-dee-dag-MEH-noy

Translations: taught, trained, instructed, learned, having been taught, having been trained, having been instructed

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been taught' or 'trained'. It describes someone who has undergone a process of instruction and has acquired knowledge or skill. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, and indicates a completed action with ongoing results. For example, 'the taught ones' or 'those who have been trained'.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΜΑΘΗΤΕΥΩ, ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΩ, ΚΑΤΗΧΕΩ

G1607

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ek-por-yoo-OH-mee-noy

Translations: going out, coming out, proceeding, those who are going out, the ones going out

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'ekporeuō', meaning 'to go out' or 'to come forth'. It is a compound word formed from 'ek' (out of, from) and 'poreuomai' (to go, to proceed). It describes an action of moving from an inner place to an outer one, or originating from something. It can be used to describe people or things that are in the process of exiting or emanating.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G0026

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-gah-ray-NOHN

Translations: of the Hagarenes, of the descendants of Hagar

Notes: This word refers to the Hagarenes, who were descendants of Hagar, the handmaid of Sarah and mother of Ishmael. They are often identified with the Ishmaelites or Arabs in ancient texts. The word is used to describe people belonging to this group.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΣΜΑΗΛΙΤΩΝ, ΑΡΑΒΩΝ

Etymology: Derived from the proper name Hagar (Ἅγαρ), referring to the biblical figure. The suffix -ηνός indicates a person belonging to or descended from.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: too-RAI-ohn

Translations: of the Touraioi, of the Touraians

Notes: This word refers to the Touraioi, a people or tribe. It is used in a genitive plural form, indicating possession or origin, similar to saying 'belonging to the Touraioi' or 'from the Touraioi'. It is a proper noun, so it refers to a specific group.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of 'Τουραίων' is not well-documented in standard Koine Greek lexicons, as it appears to be a proper noun referring to a specific group of people, likely of non-Greek origin. It is not a common word found in biblical texts.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: nah-fee-sa-DAH-ee-ohn

Translations: Nafisadaians, the Nafisadaians

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely referring to a specific group of people or a tribe. It is a plural form, indicating 'the Nafisadaians' or 'people of Nafisada'. It is not a commonly attested word in standard Koine Greek lexicons, suggesting it might be a transliteration of a foreign name or a very rare occurrence in specific historical texts. Given the context of the example usage (fighting alongside other groups like the Agarenes and Turaians), it strongly indicates a tribal or ethnic designation.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of this word is unknown. It is likely a transliteration of a foreign proper name into Greek, rather than a word of Greek origin.

G2729

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kat-is-KHOO-san

Translations: prevailed, they prevailed, they were strong, they were able

Notes: This word describes the act of prevailing, overcoming, or being strong and able to do something. It implies a successful exertion of power or influence over another, often in a conflict or challenge. It is used to indicate that a group of people gained the upper hand or achieved dominance.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΝΙΚΑΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΥΠΕΡΙΣΧΥΩ

Etymology: From κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and ἰσχύω (ischyō), meaning 'to be strong' or 'to have power'. The compound verb thus means 'to be strong against' or 'to prevail'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOTH-eh-san

Translations: they were given, they were granted, they were delivered

Notes: This word is a verb in the aorist passive indicative, meaning 'they were given' or 'they were granted'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subjects received something without actively doing the giving themselves. It is often used to indicate divine provision or permission.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΔΟΘΗΣΑΝ, ΕΔΩΚΑΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to give'. It is related to Latin 'dare' and English 'do' (in the sense of 'to perform').

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G0001

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eekh-ma-loh-TEV-san

Translations: they took captive, they led captive, they made captive

Notes: This word means 'they took captive' or 'they led captive'. It describes the action of capturing people or things, often in the context of war or conquest, and leading them away as prisoners or spoils. It is used to indicate that a group of people performed this action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΑΙΧΜΑΛΩΤΙΖΩ

Etymology: The verb αἰχμαλωτεύω (aichmalōteuō) is derived from the noun αἰχμάλωτος (aichmalōtos), meaning 'captive'. This noun is a compound of αἰχμή (aichmē), meaning 'spear' or 'point', and ἁλωτός (halōtos), meaning 'caught' or 'conquered'. Thus, it literally means 'taken by the spear'.

G4002

Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective

Sounds like: pen-tah-KIS-khee-lee-as

Translations: five thousand

Notes: This word is a compound numeral adjective meaning 'five thousand'. It is used to describe a quantity of five thousand of something. It functions like an adjective, agreeing in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: This word is a compound of two Greek words: ΠΕΝΤΑΚΙΣ (pentakis), meaning 'five times', and ΧΙΛΙΟΙ (chilioi), meaning 'a thousand'. It literally means 'five times a thousand'.

G4263

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-BAH-tohn

Translations: of sheep

Notes: This word refers to sheep, the common domesticated ruminant animals. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of sheep' or 'belonging to sheep'. It is frequently used in contexts related to flocks, herding, or the animals themselves.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΡΝΙΟΝ, ΠΟΙΜΝΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word "ΠΡΟΒΑΤΟΝ" comes from the Greek verb "προβαίνω" (probainō), meaning "to go forward" or "to advance." It originally referred to any animal that walks forward, but later specifically came to mean a sheep, perhaps because they are driven forward by a shepherd.

G1365

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: diss-KHEE-lee-oos

Translations: two thousand

Notes: This word means 'two thousand'. It is a compound word formed from 'δύο' (two) and 'χίλιοι' (thousand). It is used to indicate a quantity of two thousand units of something. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'two thousand men' or 'two thousand years'.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Etymology: The word ΔΙΣΧΙΛΙΟΙ is a compound of δύο (dyo), meaning 'two', and χίλιοι (chilioi), meaning 'thousand'. It is a direct combination of these two numerical terms.

G5134

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: trow-ma-TEE-ai

Translations: wounded men, wounded people, injured men, injured people

Notes: This word refers to individuals who have suffered a wound or injury. It is used to describe those who are physically harmed, often in battle or through an accident. It functions as a plural noun in a sentence.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΤΡΩΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΕΠΛΗΓΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΤΡΑΥΜΑΤΙΑΣ (traumatias) comes from the Greek word ΤΡΑΥΜΑ (trauma), meaning 'wound' or 'injury'.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G4171

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-leh-mos

Translations: war, a war, battle, a battle, fight, a fight

Notes: This word refers to a state of armed conflict between different countries or groups, or a particular series of battles or campaigns. It can also refer to a struggle or conflict of any kind. It is typically used in the singular, but can also be found in the plural to denote multiple conflicts or aspects of war.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΕΡΙΣ, ΑΓΩΝ

Etymology: The etymology of ΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be of pre-Greek origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to fight' or 'to contend'.

G3351

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-toy-keh-SEE-as

Translations: of removal, of deportation, of migration, of a change of abode

Notes: This word refers to the act of changing one's residence, often implying a forced or significant relocation, such as a deportation or exile. It describes the state or process of being removed from one's home country or place of origin to another.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΙΧΜΑΛΩΣΙΑ, ΑΠΟΙΚΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΟΙΚΕΣΙΑ (metoikesia) comes from the verb μετοικέω (metoikeō), meaning 'to change one's dwelling' or 'to migrate', which is itself derived from μετά (meta), meaning 'with, among, after, change', and οἰκέω (oikeō), meaning 'to dwell, inhabit'.

G0001

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Her-MON

Translations: Hermon

Notes: ΑΕΡΜΩΝ refers to Mount Hermon, a mountain range located at the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon mountains. It is a significant geographical feature mentioned frequently in the Old Testament, often associated with the northern borders of Israel. It is used to denote a specific place.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Genitive

Etymology: The word ΑΕΡΜΩΝ (Hermon) is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew word חֶרְמוֹן (Chermon), meaning 'sacred place' or 'sanctuary'. It refers to the prominent mountain in the ancient Near East.

G3030

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lee-BAH-noh

Translations: to frankincense, with frankincense, frankincense

Notes: This word refers to frankincense, a fragrant gum resin obtained from trees, often used in ancient times for incense and perfumes. In the provided examples, it is used to describe aromatic substances or to indicate something being treated or mixed with frankincense.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΛΙΒΑΝΩΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΛΙΒΑΝΟΣ (libanos) is of Semitic origin, likely from Hebrew 'levonah' (לְבוֹנָה), meaning 'frankincense' or 'white' (referring to its color).

G0747

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-KHEH-goy

Translations: leaders, princes, authors, founders, originators, pioneers

Notes: This word refers to those who are at the forefront, initiating or leading something. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀρχή' (arche), meaning 'beginning' or 'rule', and 'ἄγω' (ago), meaning 'to lead'. Therefore, it literally means 'one who leads from the beginning' or 'one who is the first leader'. It is used to describe individuals who are the source, cause, or originator of something, or those who hold a position of authority and leadership.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΟΝΕΣ, ΠΡΟΕΣΤΩΤΕΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΙ

G2426

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-LEH-ee-ale

Translations: Jehiel

Notes: This is a proper noun, specifically a masculine personal name. It refers to a specific individual named Jehiel, a common name in the Old Testament, meaning 'God lives' or 'God takes away'. In the provided context, it is listed as one of the leaders of their ancestral house.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Jehiel is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew words 'Yahu' (a shortened form of Yahweh, meaning 'God') and 'chayah' (meaning 'to live') or 'chayah' (meaning 'to take away').

G3694

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: O-PI-so

Translations: behind, after, back, backward, afterwards

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'behind' or 'backwards', indicating direction or position. It can also be used as a preposition, typically with the genitive case, to mean 'behind' or 'after' in terms of place or time. For example, it can refer to following someone or something, or to events that occur later.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΙΣΘΕΝ, ΚΑΤΟΠΙΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Greek root *ὀπίς (opis), meaning 'back' or 'behind'.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

G1807

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-AI-ren

Translations: he took away, he lifted up, he removed, he carried away, he exalted

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb αἴρω (airō), meaning 'to lift' or 'to take up'. Therefore, ἐξαίρω means 'to lift out', 'to take away', or 'to remove'. It can also mean 'to exalt' or 'to raise up'. It describes an action of removal or elevation, often with a sense of completion.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΩ, ΑΦΑΙΡΕΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G4383

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-SO-poo

Translations: of face, of countenance, of presence, of person, of a face, of a countenance, of a presence, of a person

Notes: This word refers primarily to the 'face' or 'countenance' of a person or thing. It can also denote 'presence' or 'appearance'. In a broader sense, it can refer to the 'person' or 'individual' themselves. It is often used in phrases like 'from the face of' or 'before the face of' to mean 'from the presence of' or 'before the presence of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ' is derived from the Greek preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'ὤψ' (ōps), meaning 'eye' or 'face'. It literally means 'that which is before the eyes' or 'that which is turned towards'.

G1849

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-AY-gei-ren

Translations: stirred up, aroused, raised up, incited

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ἐπεγείρω (epegeirō). It means to stir up, arouse, or incite someone or something. It is often used in the context of causing someone to act or rise up, or to awaken something. For example, it can describe God stirring up the spirit of a king, or a person inciting others to rebellion.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΚΙΝΕΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4151

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEV-mah

Translations: spirit, a spirit, wind, a wind, breath, a breath

Notes: This word refers to 'spirit,' 'wind,' or 'breath.' In a physical sense, it can mean a gust of wind or the act of breathing. Theologically, it often refers to the Holy Spirit, a spiritual being, or the human spirit. It is a neuter noun and its meaning can vary depending on the context, from a literal breeze to a divine essence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ

Etymology: The word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ derives from the verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe,' 'to blow,' or 'to gasp.' It refers to something that is breathed or blown.

G0071