Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint / 4 Maccabees / Chapter 114 Maccabees, Chapter 11
Interlinear version from Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint (Beta)
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OO-tos
Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH-ees
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: This word is the dative plural feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate that the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the dative case, often signifying indirect objects, recipients, or the means by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to the' or 'for the', or simply 'the' depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
G0931
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-SAH-noys
Translations: torments, tortures, pains, tests, trials
Notes: This word refers to extreme pain, suffering, or distress, often inflicted as a punishment or a means of interrogation. It can also refer to a test or trial, especially one that is severe or agonizing. It is a compound word, but its parts are not easily separable into distinct meanings for a layperson.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΣΕΙΣ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑΙ
Etymology: The word is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to rub' or 'to test by rubbing a touchstone'. It came to mean a touchstone, then the testing by a touchstone, and finally the torture used to extract information.
G2647
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-tahee-kees-THEYS
Translations: having been tormented, having been tortured, having been abused, having been ill-treated
Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb καταικίζω (kataikizō), meaning 'to torment' or 'to torture'. The prefix κατά (kata) intensifies the action of the verb αἰκίζω (aikizō), which means 'to abuse' or 'to outrage'. As a passive participle, it describes someone who has undergone torment or ill-treatment.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΑΝΙΣΘΕΙΣ, ΤΑΛΑΙΠΩΡΗΘΕΙΣ
Etymology: The verb καταικίζω (kataikizō) is a compound of κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against' (often used to intensify), and αἰκίζω (aikizō), meaning 'to abuse' or 'to outrage'. The latter is derived from αἰκία (aikia), meaning 'outrage' or 'injury'.
G1737, G0579, G2348
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: en-ah-pe-THA-nen
Translations: died in, died among, died within
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefixes ἐν- (en-, 'in, among'), ἀπο- (apo-, 'from, off, away'), and the verb θνῄσκω (thnḗiskō, 'to die'). It means to die in or among something or someone, emphasizing the location or context of death. It describes an action that has been completed in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΕΘΑΝΕΝ, ΕΤΕΛΕΥΤΗΣΕΝ, ΕΞΕΠΝΕΥΣΕΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G4002
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PEM-ptoss
Translations: fifth
Notes: This word is an ordinal number, meaning 'fifth'. It is used to indicate the position in a sequence, similar to how 'first', 'second', or 'third' are used in English. For example, it could describe 'the fifth day' or 'the fifth person'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: From the cardinal number πέντε (pente), meaning 'five'.
G3903
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-ep-ee-DEH-sen
Translations: leaped forth, sprang forward, jumped in, burst in
Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the preposition παρά (para, 'beside, alongside') and the verb πηδάω (pēdaō, 'to leap, to spring'). It describes the action of leaping or springing forward, often implying a sudden or unexpected movement, or an abrupt intervention. It can be used to describe someone suddenly entering a scene or interjecting into a conversation.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΗΔΑΩ, ΕΚΠΗΔΑΩ, ΕΦΑΛΛΟΜΑΙ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leh-GOHN
Translations: saying, speaking, telling
Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ
Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G3195
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: MEL-loh
Translations: to be about to, to be going to, to intend, to delay, to hesitate
Notes: This verb is primarily used to express an action that is about to happen or is intended to happen. It often indicates an impending event or a future action, sometimes with a sense of certainty or necessity. It can also convey the idea of delaying or hesitating to do something. It is frequently followed by an infinitive.
Inflection: First person singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- 'to grind, to crush'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to be concerned with, to intend, to be about to'.
G5183
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TOO-ran-neh
Translations: tyrant, O tyrant, a tyrant
Notes: This word refers to a ruler who governs with absolute power, often oppressively or cruelly. It is used here in the vocative case, directly addressing such a ruler, similar to saying 'O tyrant!' in English. It can also simply mean 'a ruler' or 'a sovereign' in a more neutral sense, depending on the context.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G5228
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-PER
Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than
Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G703
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-reh-TAYS
Translations: of virtue, of excellence, of moral goodness, of valor
Notes: This word refers to moral excellence, virtue, or valor. It describes a quality of high moral standing or outstanding ability, often implying courage or effectiveness.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣΥΝΗ, ΚΑΛΟΚΑΓΑΘΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'Ἀρετή' (aretē) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'ἀρή' (arē), meaning 'prayer' or 'curse', or from the root 'ἀρ-' (ar-), meaning 'to fit' or 'to join'. It evolved to signify excellence of any kind, and later, moral excellence.
G0936
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-sah-nis-MON
Translations: torment, torture, distress, a torment, a torture, a distress
Notes: This word refers to the act of tormenting or the state of being tormented. It denotes severe suffering, whether physical or mental, often involving pain, distress, or torture. It can be used to describe the punishment inflicted upon someone or the anguish experienced by them.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΣΙΣ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑ, ΟΔΥΝΗ
G3868
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pah-rah-ee-TEH-sthai
Translations: to beg off, to decline, to refuse, to avoid, to make excuse, to deprecate, to entreat, to ask for
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'paraitéomai'. It generally means to beg off, to decline, or to refuse something, often with the implication of making an excuse or seeking to avoid a duty or situation. It can also mean to deprecate or to entreat, asking for something to be granted or for a punishment to be averted. In some contexts, it can mean to avoid or shun something. It is used to express an action that is continuous or ongoing.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΠΟΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ, ΑΡΝΕΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word 'paraitéomai' is a compound word formed from 'para' (παρά), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and 'aitéomai' (αἰτέομαι), meaning 'to ask' or 'to beg'. Thus, it literally means 'to ask from beside' or 'to ask off', leading to the sense of begging off or declining.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOS
Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very
Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: AP
Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since
Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.
Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.
G1683
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Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOW-too
Translations: of myself, my own, for myself, to myself
Notes: This word is a first-person singular reflexive pronoun, meaning 'of myself' or 'my own'. It is used to refer back to the subject of the sentence, indicating that the action or state relates to the speaker themselves. It is a compound word formed from the genitive of the first-person pronoun (ἐμοῦ) and the genitive of the intensive pronoun (αὐτοῦ). It is typically used in the genitive, dative, or accusative cases, as the nominative form is not commonly found.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: This word is a compound of the genitive form of the first-person pronoun (ἐμοῦ, 'of me') and the genitive form of the intensive pronoun (αὐτοῦ, 'of self'). It developed to emphasize the reflexive action back to the subject.
G3928
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-EEL-thon
Translations: I passed by, they passed by, it passed away, I went by, they went by, it went away, I came by, they came by, it came away, I passed away, they passed away, it passed away, I disappeared, they disappeared, it disappeared
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'along', and the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. The combined meaning is 'to pass by', 'to go past', 'to come alongside', or 'to pass away' in the sense of ceasing to exist or disappearing. It is used to describe movement past something or the cessation of something.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G3704
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OH-pos
Translations: how, as, that, in order that, so that
Notes: This word functions as both a conjunction and an adverb. As a conjunction, it introduces clauses of purpose or result, meaning 'in order that' or 'so that'. As an adverb, it describes manner, meaning 'how' or 'as'. Its specific meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΙΝΑ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὡς (hōs, 'as') and πώς (pōs, 'somehow').
G2532, G1691
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun
Sounds like: KAH-meh
Translations: and me, also me, even me
Notes: This word is a crasis (contraction) of the conjunction 'καὶ' (kai), meaning 'and', 'also', or 'even', and the first-person singular accusative pronoun 'ἐμέ' (eme), meaning 'me' or 'myself'. It functions as 'and me', 'also me', or 'even me' in a sentence, indicating that the action or state applies to the speaker in addition to others.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Accusative (from 'ἐμέ')
G2695
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-tahk-TEI-nas
Translations: having killed, having slain, having put to death
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'κατακτείνω', meaning 'to kill' or 'to slay'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed before the main verb's action. It indicates someone who has performed the act of killing.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΑΣ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΣΑΣ
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G4119
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PLAY-oh-nohn
Translations: of more, of many, of the more, of the many, more, many
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πλείων' (pleion), which is the comparative form of 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. It indicates 'of more' or 'of many' things or people. It can be used to describe a larger quantity or number of something, often implying a majority or a greater amount.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΛΩΝ, ΠΛΕΙΣΤΩΝ
G0092
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-dee-KAY-mah-tohn
Translations: of wrongs, of misdeeds, of unrighteous acts, of crimes, of injustices
Notes: This word refers to acts of unrighteousness, misdeeds, or wrongs. It describes actions that are contrary to what is right or just. It is often used in contexts discussing offenses, crimes, or injustices committed by individuals.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΔΙΚΙΑ, ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ
G3784
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oh-fee-LAY-sees
Translations: you should, you ought, you must, you will owe, you will be indebted, you will be obligated
Notes: This word means 'you should' or 'you ought', indicating a moral or legal obligation. It can also mean 'you will owe' or 'you will be indebted', referring to a future obligation or debt. It is used to express what is due or necessary, often in a context of duty or financial obligation.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΔΕΙ, ΧΡΗ, ΕΧΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G3770
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: oo-ra-NEE-oh
Translations: (to) heavenly, (to) celestial, (to) of heaven, (to) a heavenly one
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the adjective or noun 'ouranios', meaning 'heavenly' or 'celestial'. As an adjective, it describes something belonging to or coming from heaven. As a noun, it can refer to a 'heavenly being' or 'heavenly thing'. In the dative case, it indicates the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ἘΠΟΥΡΑΝΙΟΣ, ΟΥ̓ΡΑΝΟΣ
G1349
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DEE-kay
Translations: justice, right, judgment, penalty, a justice, a right, a judgment, a penalty
Notes: This word refers to the concept of justice, right, or judgment. It can also denote a penalty or punishment, especially one that is deserved. It is used to describe what is morally right or legally due, often in the context of a legal process or divine retribution.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΡΙΣΙΣ, ΕΚΔΙΚΗΣΙΣ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the concept of showing or pointing out, thus referring to what is 'pointed out' as right or just.
G5098
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tee-moh-REE-an
Translations: punishment, vengeance, a punishment, a vengeance
Notes: This word refers to punishment or vengeance, often implying a penalty for wrongdoing. It is typically used in contexts where someone is being held accountable for their actions and receiving a consequence.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΚΗ, ΚΟΛΑΣΙΣ, ΕΚΔΙΚΗΣΙΣ
G5599
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Part of Speech: Interjection
Sounds like: OH
Translations: O, Oh
Notes: This word is an interjection used for direct address, exclamation, or to express strong emotion such as wonder, lament, or appeal. It often precedes a noun in the vocative case, indicating a direct address to someone or something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European.
G3404
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mi-SEH-teh
Translations: you hate, you may hate, hate!
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'μισέω' (miseō), meaning 'to hate' or 'to detest'. It can be used in various contexts to express strong dislike or aversion towards someone or something. It is often used in the New Testament to describe a spiritual or moral hatred, or sometimes a lesser love in comparison to something else.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative or Imperative
Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΣΤΥΓΕΩ
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: mee-san-THROH-peh
Translations: misanthrope, a misanthrope, man-hater, a man-hater
Notes: This word describes someone who hates humanity or avoids human society. It is a compound word formed from 'μισέω' (to hate) and 'ἄνθρωπος' (man, human being). It is used to characterize a person who has a strong dislike or distrust of people in general.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΙΣΟΓΥΝΗΣ, ΜΙΣΟΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G1382
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: drah-SAN-tas
Translations: having done, having performed, having acted, those who have done, those who have performed, those who have acted
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'δράω' (draō), meaning 'to do' or 'to act'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who has performed an action. In this form, it refers to multiple masculine individuals who have completed an action, often translated as 'those who have done' or 'having done'. It is used to describe the agents of a past action.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΗΣΑΝΤΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΥΣ
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-mas
Translations: us
Notes: This word is the first-person plural pronoun 'we' in the accusative case. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, meaning 'us'. For example, 'He saw us' or 'They spoke to us'.
Inflection: First-person, Plural, Accusative
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-ton
Translations: this, this one, him, it
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ
G4199
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: por-THEYS
Translations: you destroy, you lay waste, you plunder, you ravage
Notes: This word describes the act of destroying, laying waste, or plundering a place or people. It implies a violent and thorough devastation, often in the context of war or conquest. It can be used to describe an army destroying a city or an individual ravaging property.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΕΚΠΟΡΘΕΩ
Etymology: The word πορθέω (portheō) comes from the Greek word πόρθος (porthos), meaning 'destruction' or 'plunder'.
G5158
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TRO-pon
Translations: way, manner, a way, a manner, custom, a custom, fashion, a fashion
Notes: This word refers to a way, manner, or custom in which something is done. It describes the method or style of an action or event. For example, it can be used to say 'in this way' or 'after the manner of'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΔΟΣ, ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ, ΕΘΟΣ
G2228, G3588
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral
Sounds like: AY
Translations: or, the, 8
Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)
Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.
G2556
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: KAH-kon
Translations: evil, bad, harmful, wicked, a bad thing, an evil thing, a wrong, a misfortune, a disaster
Notes: This word describes something that is bad, evil, or harmful. It can refer to moral wickedness, physical harm, or general poor quality. When used as a substantive (like a noun), it refers to an evil thing, a wrong, or a misfortune. It can be used to describe actions, intentions, or conditions.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek or from an unknown root.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SOY
Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you
Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.
G1380
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doh-KEI
Translations: it seems, it appears, it is thought, it is decided, it is good, it pleases
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to seem', 'to appear', 'to think', 'to suppose', or 'to be thought good'. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it seems' or 'it appears'. It can also convey the idea of something being decided or pleasing.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΕΤΑΙ, ΕΟΙΚΕΝ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tone
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) everyone, (of) everything, (of) the whole
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for a plural group, signifying 'of all' or 'belonging to all'. It can refer to people, things, or concepts, encompassing a complete set or totality.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G2939
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ktis-TEEN
Translations: creator, a creator
Notes: This word refers to a creator or founder. It is used to describe someone who brings something into existence or establishes something. In a theological context, it often refers to God as the Creator of all things. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΟΣ, ΠΟΙΗΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΤΙΣΤΗΣ (Ktistēs) comes from the verb κτίζω (ktizō), meaning 'to create, build, found'.
G2151
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-SEH-boo-men
Translations: we worship, we are devout, we show piety, we act piously
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to be devout, to worship, or to show piety. It describes the act of revering or honoring God, or acting in a way that demonstrates religious devotion and respect. It is used to express the action of a group of people performing such an act.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Plural
Synonyms: ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G1771
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: en-AR-eh-ton
Translations: virtuous, excellent, a virtuous, an excellent
Notes: This word describes something or someone as being virtuous, excellent, or morally good. It is used to characterize a life, a deed, or a person as being in accordance with virtue. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐν' (in) and 'ἀρετή' (virtue), literally meaning 'in virtue' or 'full of virtue'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G2198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ZOH-men
Translations: we live, let us live, we are living
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to live'. It can mean 'we live' in the present indicative tense, describing a current state of living. It can also function as a hortatory subjunctive, meaning 'let us live', expressing an exhortation or a call to action for a group to live in a certain way.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative or Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΒΙΟΩ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G3551
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOH-mon
Translations: law, a law, rule, principle
Notes: The word refers to a law, rule, or principle. In the context of the Bible, it often refers to the Mosaic Law or the Law of God, but it can also refer to a general principle or custom. It is used to denote a standard of conduct or a governing regulation.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΝΩΝ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΕΝΤΟΛΗ
Etymology: From a root meaning "to parcel out, distribute." It originally referred to anything assigned or apportioned, and later came to mean a custom, usage, or law.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G5091
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: tee-MOHN
Translations: honoring, esteeming, valuing, revering, respecting
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'timaō', meaning 'to honor' or 'to value'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action and can function adjectivally (e.g., 'the one honoring') or adverbially (e.g., 'while honoring'). It indicates someone who is currently engaged in the act of showing honor, respect, or high regard for someone or something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter, Nominative Singular (or Accusative Singular for Neuter)
Synonyms: ΣΕΒΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΑΙΝΩΝ, ΕΥΛΑΒΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ
G0931
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-SAH-nohn
Translations: of torment, of torture, of trial, of examination, of the touchstone
Notes: This word refers to a test or examination, often implying a severe one, like a touchstone used to test metals. It can also refer to the pain or suffering that results from such a test, thus meaning torment or torture. In a broader sense, it can denote a trial or tribulation. It is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΣΕΩΝ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΩΝ, ΔΟΚΙΜΑΣΙΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΒΑΣΑΝΟΣ (basanos) originally referred to a Lydian stone used to test the purity of gold and silver. From this literal meaning, it developed the figurative sense of a test, examination, or severe trial, and subsequently, the suffering or torment associated with such a trial.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G0514
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ax-EE-ah
Translations: worthy, deserving, fitting, proper, a worthy thing
Notes: This word describes something or someone as having a certain value, merit, or worth. It is used to indicate that something is deserving of a particular treatment, honor, or consequence, or that it is appropriate and fitting for a given situation. It often implies a correspondence between a person's character or actions and what they receive.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ, ΕΥ̓ΠΡΕΠΗΣ
G1487
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eye-PER
Translations: if indeed, if perhaps, since, seeing that
Notes: This word is a compound conjunction formed from εἰ (if) and περ (indeed, very). It is used to introduce a conditional clause, often implying that the condition is true or likely to be true, or to emphasize the certainty of the condition. It can also convey a sense of 'since' or 'seeing that' when the condition is presented as a known fact.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕἸ, ἘΑΝ
Etymology: From the Greek conjunction εἰ (if) and the particle περ (indeed, very).
G0143
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ees-THA-noo
Translations: you were perceiving, you were understanding, you were sensing, you were noticing
Notes: This word describes the act of perceiving, understanding, sensing, or noticing something through the senses or intellect. It is used to indicate an ongoing or repeated action in the past, often implying a state of awareness or recognition. For example, one might use it to say 'you were understanding the situation' or 'you were sensing the danger'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 2nd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΝΟΕΩ
Etymology: The word αἰσθάνομαι (aisthanomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eydʰ- meaning 'to burn, to shine', which developed into the sense of 'to perceive' or 'to feel' through the idea of 'to grasp with the mind'.
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahn-THROH-poos
Translations: men, people, human beings, humans
Notes: This word refers to human beings in general, encompassing both men and women. It is often used to distinguish humans from God or from animals. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object, indicating the recipients of an action or the subjects being discussed.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΥΣ, ΑΝΔΡΑΣ
G4337
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: poh-THOHN
Translations: longing, desiring, yearning, one who longs, he who desires
Notes: ΠΟΘΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb ΠΟΘΕΩ, meaning 'to long for, desire, or yearn for something or someone'. It describes an ongoing action of intense desire. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantivally, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who longs').
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩΝ, ΟΡΕΓΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G1680
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: el-PEE-dah
Translations: hope, a hope, expectation, an expectation
Notes: This word refers to the feeling of expectation and desire for something to happen, often with a sense of confidence or trust. It is used to describe both a general feeling of hope and the specific object of that hope. It can be used in sentences like 'We have hope for the future' or 'He placed his hope in God'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΙΑ, ΠΙΣΤΙΣ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-khess
Translations: you had, you were having
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an action that was ongoing or habitual in the past. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'you had a book' or 'you were holding the rope'.
Inflection: Second person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΤΆΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΈΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΆΝΩ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oh
Translations: (to) God, (for) God, a God
Notes: This is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. It refers to the supreme being in a monotheistic context, or to a deity in a polytheistic context. When used in the dative case, it typically indicates the recipient of an action or the one for whom something is done, hence 'to God' or 'for God'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ
G4991
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: so-tay-REE-oo
Translations: (of) salvation, (of) deliverance, (of) preservation, (of) safety, a salvation
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ' (sōtēria), meaning 'salvation' or 'deliverance'. It indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of salvation' or 'belonging to salvation'. It can refer to the act of saving or being saved, or the state of being safe and sound. In a religious context, it often refers to spiritual salvation.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ, ΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ, ΣΩΤΗΡ
Etymology: The word 'ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ' derives from the adjective 'σώτηριος' (sōtērios), meaning 'saving' or 'delivering', which in turn comes from 'σωτήρ' (sōtēr), meaning 'savior' or 'deliverer'. This root is connected to the verb 'σῴζω' (sōizō), meaning 'to save' or 'to preserve'.
G3568
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: NOON
Translations: now, at present, at this time
Notes: ΝΥΝ is an adverb meaning 'now' or 'at present'. It refers to the current moment in time. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a conclusion in a discourse, indicating a shift to the present situation or a logical consequence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙ, ΗΔΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now'. It is cognate with Latin nunc and English 'now'.
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-DEH
Translations: behold, see, look, lo
Notes: This word is an aorist imperative verb, meaning 'behold!' or 'see!'. It is used to draw attention to something, similar to saying 'look!' or 'pay attention!' in English. It can be used to introduce a new idea or to emphasize a point.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ὉΡΑΩ, ΒΛΕΠΩ
G0245
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: al-LO-tree-os
Translations: another's, foreign, alien, strange, a stranger, an enemy
Notes: This word describes something or someone that belongs to another, is foreign, or is alien. It can refer to property, people, or even concepts that are not one's own or are outside of one's sphere of influence or understanding. It is often used to denote something that is hostile or opposed.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΞΕΝΟΣ, ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From G0243 (ΑΛΛΟΣ, 'other') and G5143 (ΤΡΙΣ, 'three times' or a suffix indicating relation). It literally means 'belonging to another'.
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: OHN
Translations: being, who is, which is, a being
Notes: This word is the masculine, singular, nominative form of the present participle of the verb 'to be'. It means 'being' or 'who/which is'. It is used to describe someone or something that exists or is in a particular state, often functioning like a relative pronoun and verb combined.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Present Participle
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G4170
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: po-le-MEIS
Translations: you make war, you fight, you contend, you quarrel
Notes: This word means to make war, to fight, or to contend. It describes the act of engaging in conflict, whether literally in battle or figuratively in an argument or struggle. It is often used to describe military actions or intense disputes.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΓΩΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G2151
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: yoo-seh-BOON-tahs
Translations: pious ones, devout ones, those who worship, those who are pious, those who are devout
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'εὐσεβέω' (eusebeō), meaning 'to be pious' or 'to worship.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is actively engaged in piety or worship. In this form, it refers to 'those who are pious' or 'those who worship' and is used in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of an action.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΘΡΗΣΚΕΥΟΝΤΑΣ, ΣΕΒΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-ON
Translations: God, a God
Notes: This word refers to God, a god, or a deity. It is used as the direct object in a sentence, indicating the recipient of an action or the one being referred to. For example, one might 'worship God' (where 'God' would be in the accusative case).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OW-tah
Translations: such things, such, of such a kind, these things
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to refer to things that have been previously mentioned or are implied by the context, indicating their nature or quality. It often functions as a substantive, meaning 'such things' or 'people of such a kind'.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: LEH-gon-tah
Translations: saying, speaking, telling, relating, those saying, those speaking, those telling
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like a verbal adjective, describing an action being performed. In this form, it indicates 'those who are saying' or 'things being said', often used to introduce direct or indirect speech, or to describe the state of someone speaking.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΝΤΑ, ΦΘΕΓΓΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G1392
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dor-oo-PHOR-oy
Translations: bodyguards, spear-bearers, attendants, a bodyguard, a spear-bearer, an attendant
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'δόρυ' (dory), meaning 'spear', and 'φέρω' (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. It refers to someone who carries a spear, typically as a guard or attendant to a person of importance. It is used to describe bodyguards, royal guards, or armed attendants.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΦΡΟΥΡΟΙ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΑΙ, ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΑΙ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek noun δόρυ (dory), meaning 'spear', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. It literally means 'spear-bearer'.
G1210
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: DAY-san-tes
Translations: having bound, binding, when they bound, those who bound
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'δέω' (deō), meaning 'to bind' or 'to tie'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is occurring in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It indicates that the subject of the participle has performed the action of binding.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΔΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΕΩ
Etymology: The word 'δέω' (deō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to tie' or 'to bind'. It is related to various words across Indo-European languages with similar meanings.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G1670
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EEL-kon
Translations: they were dragging, they were drawing, they were pulling
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to drag', 'to draw', or 'to pull'. It is used to describe the action of moving something or someone by force, often along a surface. It can refer to physical dragging, but also to drawing someone towards a particular place or outcome. The form 'ΕΙΛΚΟΝ' specifically indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past, performed by a group of people.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΣΥΡΩ, ΕΦΕΛΚΩ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G2691
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-tah-PEL-teen
Translations: catapult, a catapult, battering ram, a battering ram
Notes: This word refers to a catapult or a battering ram, a type of ancient siege engine used to hurl projectiles or break down walls. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'πάλλω' (to hurl, to shake).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΗΧΑΝΗ, ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΗΤΗΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek καταπέλτης (katapeltēs), a compound of κατά (kata, 'down, against') and πάλλω (pallō, 'to hurl, to shake').
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: EHF
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by
Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.
Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON
Translations: being, existing, a being, that which is
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'being' or 'existing'. It describes something that is in a state of being or existence. As a neuter singular form, it often refers to 'that which is' or 'a being', and can function as a noun.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G1119
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GOH-na-tah
Translations: knees
Notes: This word refers to the knees, the joints in the middle of the legs. It is the plural form of the word for 'knee' and is used to describe both human and animal knees. It can be used in contexts referring to kneeling or physical actions involving the knees.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for 'knee' in many other Indo-European languages.
G4228
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: po-da-GRAIS
Translations: to gout, for gout, to foot-traps, for foot-traps, to foot-fetters, for foot-fetters
Notes: This word is a compound noun, formed from 'πούς' (pous), meaning 'foot', and 'ἄγρα' (agra), meaning 'a catching, a hunting, a trap'. It refers to a trap for the feet, a foot-fetter, or more commonly, the disease of gout, which affects the feet. In this dative plural form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' foot-fetters or gout.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΔΟΔΕΣΜΟΣ, ΠΟΔΟΚΑΚΗ
Etymology: The word is a compound of Ancient Greek 'πούς' (pous, 'foot') and 'ἄγρα' (agra, 'a catching, a trap'). It literally means 'foot-catching' or 'foot-trap', which then extended to refer to the disease of gout, which 'catches' or afflicts the foot.
G4603
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: see-DEE-rais
Translations: iron, made of iron, of iron
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'made of iron' or 'iron-like'. It is used to describe objects or qualities that are composed of iron or possess the strength and hardness associated with iron. It can be used to describe things like tools, weapons, or chains.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The word derives from an ancient root meaning 'iron'.
G2151
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ef-har-MO-san-tes
Translations: fitting, applying, adapting, having fitted, having applied, having adapted
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'epharmózō', meaning to fit, apply, or adapt something to something else. As a participle, it describes an action performed by the subject, often translated as 'having fitted' or 'by fitting'. It implies the act of making something suitable or appropriate for a particular purpose or situation.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΑΡΜΟΖΩ, ΣΥΝΑΡΜΟΖΩ
Etymology: The word 'epharmózō' is a compound word formed from the prefix 'epi' (ἐπί), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and 'harmózō' (ἁρμόζω), meaning 'to join' or 'to fit'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G3751
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oss-FOON
Translations: loins, a loin, waist, hip
Notes: This word refers to the loins, the part of the body between the ribs and the hips, often associated with strength, procreation, or the seat of one's being. It can also refer to the waist or hip area. In ancient contexts, it was sometimes used metaphorically to denote strength or readiness.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: tro-khee-AH-yon
Translations: circular, wheel-shaped, pertaining to a wheel
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'circular' or 'pertaining to a wheel'. It describes something that is round or associated with a wheel. In the provided context, it describes a 'wedge' (σφῆνα) as being circular or wheel-shaped.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΙΚΟΣ, ΣΤΡΟΓΓΥΛΟΣ
G5577
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SFEH-nah
Translations: wedge, a wedge
Notes: This word refers to a wedge, a piece of wood or metal that is thick at one end and tapered to a thin edge at the other. It is used for splitting, lifting, or tightening. In a sentence, it would typically function as a direct object or the subject of an action, such as 'he drove the wedge' or 'the wedge split the wood'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΦΗΝΙΟΝ
Etymology: The word 'σφήνα' (sphēna) is derived from the ancient Greek 'σφήν' (sphēn), meaning 'wedge'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the concept of binding or tightening.
G2655
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-teh-KAMP-san
Translations: they bent down, they bowed down, they made to stoop, they subdued
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb κάμπτω (kamptō), meaning 'to bend'. Together, it means to bend down, bow down, or cause to stoop. It can also imply subduing or forcing someone into a humble position. It is used to describe an action performed by a group of people.
Inflection: Aorist Active Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΜΠΤΩ, ΥΠΟΤΑΣΣΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ
Etymology: The verb ΚΑΤΑΚΑΜΠΤΩ is a compound of the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΚΑΜΠΤΩ (kamptō), meaning 'to bend'.
G3650
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: HO-los
Translations: whole, all, complete, entire
Notes: This word means 'whole', 'all', 'complete', or 'entire'. It is used to describe something that is undivided or lacking nothing. It can be used to emphasize the totality of something, such as 'the whole house' or 'the entire day'.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΑΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It refers to something that is complete or undivided.
G5164
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TRO-khon
Translations: wheel, a wheel, course, a course
Notes: This word refers to a wheel, a circular object that revolves on an axle. It can also metaphorically refer to a course or cycle, such as the 'course of life' or the 'cycle of events'. In the provided examples, it is used to describe the 'wheel of the sun' and a torture device, a 'wheel' upon which someone is placed.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΟΣ, ΡΟΔΑ
Etymology: From the verb τρέχω (trechō), meaning 'to run', referring to something that runs or revolves.
G4651
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: skor-PEE-oo
Translations: of a scorpion, of scorpion
Notes: This word refers to a scorpion, an arachnid known for its venomous sting. In Koine Greek, it is often used literally to refer to the creature itself, or metaphorically to describe something dangerous, harmful, or painful, much like the sting of a scorpion. It is a masculine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G0346
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-nah-KLO-meh-nos
Translations: bent back, reclined, reclining, leaning back
Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb ἀνακλάω (anaklaō), meaning 'to bend back' or 'to recline'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is in the state of being bent back or reclined. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or adverbially, describing how an action is performed.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΑΝΑΠΙΠΤΩ
Etymology: The word ἀνακλάω (anaklaō) is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb κλάω (klaō), meaning 'to break' or 'to bend'. Thus, it literally means 'to bend back' or 'to break up'.
G1626
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-seh-MEH-li-zeh-toh
Translations: he was dislocating, he was putting out of joint, he was being dislocated, he was being put out of joint
Notes: This verb describes the action of dislocating a limb or putting something out of joint. In the middle or passive voice, as seen in this form, it indicates that the subject was being dislocated or was dislocating something for themselves. It implies a forceful separation or displacement of parts.
Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Imperfect, Middle or Passive, Indicative
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb μελίζω (melizō), meaning 'to divide into limbs' or 'to dismember', which comes from μέλος (melos), meaning 'limb' or 'member'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G4151
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PNEV-mah
Translations: spirit, a spirit, wind, a wind, breath, a breath
Notes: This word refers to 'spirit,' 'wind,' or 'breath.' In a physical sense, it can mean a gust of wind or the act of breathing. Theologically, it often refers to the Holy Spirit, a spiritual being, or the human spirit. It is a neuter noun and its meaning can vary depending on the context, from a literal breeze to a divine essence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ
Etymology: The word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ derives from the verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe,' 'to blow,' or 'to gasp.' It refers to something that is breathed or blown.
G4729
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: steh-noh-khoh-ROO-meh-nos
Translations: distressed, afflicted, in distress, hard pressed, straitened
Notes: This word describes someone who is experiencing distress, affliction, or being hard pressed. It implies a feeling of being confined or restricted, leading to emotional or physical discomfort. It is often used to convey a sense of being in a difficult or narrow situation.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΘΛΙΒΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ἈΓΧΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G4983
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SOH-mah
Translations: body, a body, flesh, a slave
Notes: This word refers to the physical body of a human or animal, or a physical object. It can also metaphorically refer to a group of people or a community, or even to the substance of something. In some contexts, it can refer to a slave or servant, as a 'body' belonging to another.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΣΑΡΞ, ΧΡΩΣ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain. It is possibly derived from the verb σῴζω (sōizō), meaning 'to save' or 'to preserve', implying something that is kept or preserved.
G0067
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ANG-kho-me-nos
Translations: being distressed, being troubled, being choked, being pressed, being straitened
Notes: This word describes a state of being distressed, troubled, or choked, often implying a feeling of being pressed or constrained, either physically or mentally. It is used to convey a sense of anguish or suffocation. For example, one might be 'distressed' by circumstances or 'choked' by a crowd.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΘΛΙΒΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G2570
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ka-LAS
Translations: good, beautiful, noble, excellent, fine, honorable, right
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning good, beautiful, noble, or excellent. It describes the quality or nature of something, indicating that it is morally upright, aesthetically pleasing, or functionally superior. It can be used to describe people, actions, or objects. In its plural form, it often refers to 'good things' or 'beautiful things'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΕΣΘΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-leh-gen
Translations: he was saying, he said, he spoke, he was speaking
Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. The imperfect tense describes an ongoing, continuous, or repeated action in the past. Therefore, 'ἐλεγεν' indicates that 'he was saying' or 'he used to say' something, rather than a single completed action.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕἸΠΩ
G0009
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: AH-kohn
Translations: unwilling, involuntary, unwillingly, involuntarily
Notes: This word describes an action or state that is done against one's will or without one's consent. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun to describe someone who is unwilling, or as an adverb, describing an action performed unwillingly. It is often used to emphasize a lack of choice or compulsion.
Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΒΟΥΛΟΣ, ΑΠΡΟΑΙΡΕΤΟΣ
Etymology: From the negative prefix 'α-' (alpha privative) and 'ἑκών' (hekon), meaning 'willing' or 'voluntary'. Thus, it literally means 'not willing'.
G5177
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: too-RAH-noss
Translations: tyrant, a tyrant, ruler, despot
Notes: This word refers to a ruler who holds absolute power, often one who has seized power unconstitutionally. While in modern English 'tyrant' carries a negative connotation of oppressive rule, in ancient Greek, especially initially, it could simply refer to a powerful ruler or monarch, without necessarily implying cruelty or injustice. It is used to describe a powerful individual in authority.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ, ΔΥΝΑΣΤΗΣ, ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ
Etymology: The word 'tyrannos' is of pre-Greek origin, likely from an Anatolian language. It entered Greek during the Archaic period and originally referred to an absolute ruler, often one who came to power outside of hereditary succession.
G5485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHA-ree-tas
Translations: graces, favors, thanks, kindnesses
Notes: This word refers to divine favor, unmerited kindness, or a gift freely given. It can also denote gratitude or thanks. In a sentence, it often describes the benevolent actions of God or the appreciation shown by humans.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ, ΔΩΡΕΑ, ΕΛΕΟΣ
G2254
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HEE-meen
Translations: (to) us, (for) us, us
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the first-person plural pronoun 'we'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to us' or 'for us'. It can also signify possession or benefit/detriment for 'us'. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He gave the book to us' or 'This is good for us'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Dative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the first-person plural pronoun in other Indo-European languages.
G5483
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kha-RI-zay
Translations: you grant, you give freely, you forgive, you show favor
Notes: This verb means to show favor, to give freely, to grant, or to forgive. It is often used in contexts of grace, kindness, or bestowing a gift without expectation of return. It can also imply pardoning or remitting a debt or offense.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative or Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΔΩΡΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G1081
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: gen-NAI-oh-teh-ROHN
Translations: of nobler, of more excellent, of more generous, of more courageous
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'γενναῖος' (gennaios), meaning 'noble,' 'excellent,' 'generous,' or 'courageous.' The '-ότερος' ending indicates a comparative degree, so it means 'nobler,' 'more excellent,' 'more generous,' or 'more courageous.' As a genitive plural, it typically functions to show possession or relationship, often translated with 'of' or implying 'belonging to' or 'from' a group of such individuals or things.
Inflection: Comparative, Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΤΕΡΩΝ, ΚΑΛΛΙΟΝΩΝ, ΕΥΓΕΝΕΣΤΕΡΩΝ
G3449
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-nohn
Translations: of toils, of labors, of pains, of sufferings, of distresses
Notes: ΠΟΝΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΠΟΝΟΣ. It refers to the state or experience of intense physical or mental effort, hardship, or suffering. It is often used to describe the difficulties or pains one endures. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession or relation, meaning 'of toils' or 'of pains'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΟΠΟΣ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ, ΟΔΥΝΗ
G1925
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-ee-DEIK-sas-thai
Translations: to show, to display, to demonstrate, to exhibit, to prove
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to show' or 'to display'. It implies making something visible or evident, often with the intention of proving a point or demonstrating a quality. It can be used in contexts where one is showing off, exhibiting skill, or proving a claim.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΕΊΚΝΥΜΙ, ΦΑΊΝΩ, ἈΠΟΔΕΊΚΝΥΜΙ
G3930
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pa-REKH-ohn
Translations: providing, supplying, offering, granting, causing, one who provides, by providing
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'παρέχω' (parechō). It means 'to provide,' 'to supply,' 'to offer,' 'to grant,' or 'to cause.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing or simultaneous with the main verb. It can be translated as 'providing,' 'one who provides,' or 'by providing,' depending on the context.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G2905
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-te-REE-an
Translations: endurance, perseverance, steadfastness, fortitude, a steadfastness, an endurance
Notes: This word refers to the quality of enduring or persevering through difficult circumstances. It implies a steadfastness and fortitude in the face of challenges, often with a sense of patience and resilience. It can be used to describe someone who remains firm in their purpose or faith despite opposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΟΝΗ, ΑΝΔΡΕΙΑ
G5053
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: teh-le-oo-TEE-san-tos
Translations: (of) one who died, (of) a dead person, (of) one having died, (of) someone who has died
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'τελευτάω' (teleutaō), meaning 'to finish', 'to end', or 'to die'. As a genitive masculine singular participle, it indicates an action completed before the main verb, often translated as 'when he died', 'after he died', or 'of one who died'. It describes the state or action of someone who has passed away.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΘΑΝΟΝΤΟΣ, ΕΚΠΝΕΥΣΑΝΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word τελευτάω (teleutaō) comes from τέλος (telos), meaning 'end' or 'completion'. The verb thus signifies bringing something to an end or reaching a conclusion, which extends to the concept of dying as the end of life.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-too
Translations: of this, of him, of it
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun 'this' or 'he/she/it'. It indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of this' or 'of him/it', and is used to point out something specific that has already been mentioned or is understood from context.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΥ
G1622
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: EK-toss
Translations: outside, without, out of, except, besides
Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'outside' or 'without', indicating a location or state of being external to something. It can also be used as a preposition, often with the genitive case, to mean 'out of', 'except', or 'besides', indicating exclusion or a boundary.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΞΩ, ΠΑΡΕΞ
Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', combined with the suffix -τος, forming an adverb of place.
G0071
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AY-geh-toh
Translations: he was led, he was brought, he was going, he was leading
Notes: This is a verb in the imperfect tense, middle or passive voice, third person singular. It describes an ongoing action in the past. In the middle voice, it means 'he was leading himself' or 'he was going'. In the passive voice, it means 'he was being led' or 'he was being brought'. The context usually clarifies whether the action is active (leading/going) or passive (being led/brought).
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΑΓΩ
G3371
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mei-ra-KIS-kos
Translations: young man, a young man, youth, a youth, boy, a boy, lad, a lad
Notes: This word refers to a young man, a youth, or a boy. It is a diminutive form of the word 'ΜΕΙΡΑΞ' (meirax), which also means 'young man' or 'youth', implying a slightly younger or less significant individual. It is typically used to describe someone in their late teens or early twenties.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΝΕΑΝΙΑΣ, ΝΕΟΣ
G3739
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction
Sounds like: HOS
Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when
Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.
G4441
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: poon-THA-noh-meh-noo
Translations: (of) inquiring, (of) asking, (of) learning, (of) hearing
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'πυνθάνομαι', meaning 'to inquire', 'to ask', 'to learn', or 'to hear'. As a genitive participle, it often functions adverbially, indicating the circumstances or time of an action, such as 'while inquiring' or 'when he inquired'. It can also be used substantively, meaning 'of the one inquiring' or 'of the one learning'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle
Synonyms: ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΑΚΟΥΩ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G5177
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: too-RAN-noo
Translations: of a tyrant, of a ruler, of a despot
Notes: This word refers to a ruler or a despot, often implying a harsh or oppressive leader. It is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, so it often translates as 'of a tyrant' or 'belonging to a tyrant'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G1014
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: boo-LOY-toh
Translations: would wish, would want, would desire, would intend, would purpose
Notes: This word means to wish, want, or desire something. It implies a deliberate and considered choice or intention, rather than a sudden impulse. It is often used in conditional clauses or to express a potential action, indicating what someone would do if they had the choice or intention.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Optative, Middle Voice, Present Tense
Synonyms: ΘΕΛΩ, ΕΘΕΛΩ
G5315
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: fah-GOHN
Translations: having eaten, eating, after eating
Notes: ΦΑΓΩΝ is the aorist active participle of the verb ἐσθίω (esthiō) or φάγω (phagō), meaning 'to eat'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed before or at the same time as the main verb of the sentence. It can be translated as 'having eaten' or 'after eating', indicating a past action, or sometimes simply 'eating' in a more general sense.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle
Synonyms: ΕΣΘΙΩ, ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ
G0630
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-LYOO-es-thai
Translations: to be released, to be set free, to be dismissed, to be sent away, to be divorced
Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'ἀπολύω' (apolyo). It means 'to be released,' 'to be set free,' 'to be dismissed,' or 'to be sent away.' In some contexts, particularly concerning marriage, it can mean 'to be divorced.' It is a compound word formed from 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from,' and 'λύω' (lyo), meaning 'to loose' or 'to release.' Thus, it literally means 'to loose from' or 'to release away.' It is used to describe an action being done to the subject, rather than by the subject, indicating a passive or middle voice.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΟΥΣΘΑΙ, ΑΦΙΕΣΘΑΙ
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-fay
Translations: he said, she said, it said, he spoke, she spoke, it spoke
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said or spoke in the past, often translated as 'he said' or 'she said'. It can be used in various contexts to introduce direct or indirect speech.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΕΝ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G2244
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: Hay-lee-KEE-ah
Translations: age, stature, maturity, an age, a stature
Notes: This noun refers to a period of life, such as one's age, or to physical height or stature. It can also denote the concept of maturity or full growth. It is used to describe a stage in life or the physical dimension of a person.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΜΕΓΕΘΟΣ
Etymology: The word is derived from the adjective ἥλιξ (hēliks), meaning 'of the same age' or 'of the same size'. It refers to a state or condition related to age or size.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FOHN
Translations: (of) brothers, (of) brethren, (of) fellow believers
Notes: This word refers to brothers, or more broadly, to fellow members of a community, especially in a religious or spiritual sense, like fellow believers or brethren. It is used here in the genitive plural case, indicating possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ἈΔΕΛΦΟΙ, ἈΔΕΛΦΟΥΣ
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-MEE
Translations: I am, to be, exist, happen
Notes: This is the Koine Greek verb 'to be', 'to exist', or 'to happen'. It is a fundamental and highly irregular verb, often used as a copula (a linking verb) to connect the subject of a sentence to a predicate noun or adjective, indicating identity or a state of being. It can also indicate existence or occurrence. For example, 'Ἐγὼ εἰμι' translates to 'I am'.
Inflection: First person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: This verb is one of the oldest and most fundamental verbs in the Greek language, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages.
G3501
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: neh-OH-teh-ross
Translations: younger, newest, youngest, newer
Notes: This word is the comparative and superlative form of the adjective 'ΝΕΟΣ' (neos), meaning 'new' or 'young'. As a comparative, it means 'younger' or 'newer'. As a superlative, it means 'youngest' or 'newest'. It is used to describe someone or something that is more recent in age or time compared to others, or the most recent among a group.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Comparative or Superlative
Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ
G1271
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-AH-noy-ah
Translations: mind, understanding, a mind, an understanding, thought, purpose, intention, intellect
Notes: This word refers to the faculty of thinking, understanding, and reasoning. It encompasses the intellect, thoughts, intentions, and purposes of a person. It can describe the inner disposition or the way one thinks about something. It is a compound word formed from διά (dia, "through") and νοῦς (nous, "mind").
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΝΟΥΣ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ (dianoia) is a compound of διά (dia), meaning "through" or "across," and νοῦς (nous), meaning "mind" or "intellect." It literally means "a thinking through" or "a thorough understanding."
G2244
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hay-lee-kee-OH-tays
Translations: peer, contemporary, a contemporary, age-mate, a person of the same age
Notes: This word refers to someone who is of the same age or generation as another, a contemporary or peer. It is used to describe a person who shares the same age group or stage of life. For example, one might refer to their friends from childhood as their 'peers' or 'age-mates'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΗΛΙΚΙΩΤΗΣ, ΟΜΗΛΙΞ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἡλικία (hēlikía, “age, time of life”) + -ώτης (-ōtēs, a suffix indicating a person belonging to a group or place).
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TAH
Translations: them, these things, it, the same
Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun/adjective 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ' (autos). In this form, it functions as a neuter plural pronoun, meaning 'them' or 'these things', referring to inanimate objects or concepts. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'the same'. It typically serves as the subject or direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΙΝΑ
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: geh-nee-THEN-tes
Translations: having become, having been born, having come into being, having been made
Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), which means 'to become,' 'to be born,' 'to come into being,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred and is completed. It often indicates the state or condition resulting from that past action. For example, it can be used to describe people who 'have become' something or 'have been born' into a certain situation.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΦΥΝΤΕΣ, ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΕΣ
G5142
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: tra-FEN-tes
Translations: having been nourished, having been fed, having been brought up, having been reared
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'trephō', meaning 'to nourish', 'to feed', or 'to bring up'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, indicating that the subject has received nourishment or upbringing. It functions like an adjective or adverb in a sentence, modifying a noun or verb to provide additional information about the state or action of the subject.
Inflection: Aorist, Participle, Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΚΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΝΑΤΡΕΦΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G0599
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-poth-NAY-skane
Translations: to die, to be dead
Notes: This word is a verb in the infinitive form, meaning 'to die' or 'to be dead'. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and 'θνῄσκω' (thnēskō), meaning 'to die'. It is used to express the action of dying or the state of being dead.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΕΚΠΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word ἀποθνήσκω is a compound of the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb θνῄσκω (thnēskō), meaning 'to die'. The prefix ἀπό intensifies the meaning of 'dying' or indicates a separation from life.
G3784
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oh-fee-LOH-men
Translations: we ought, we owe, we must, we are indebted, we are bound
Notes: This word means to owe, to be indebted, or to be under obligation. It can also mean to be bound to do something, implying a necessity or duty. It is often used to express what one 'ought' or 'must' do.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Present Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΔΕΙ, ΧΡΗ
G3668
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ho-MOY-ohss
Translations: likewise, similarly, in like manner, even so
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'likewise' or 'similarly'. It is used to indicate that something is done in the same way as something else, or that a situation is comparable to one previously mentioned. It can connect clauses or sentences, showing a parallel action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΑΥΤΩΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΩΣ
G5620
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: HOH-steh
Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ
Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.
G0928
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: bah-sah-NEE-zayn
Translations: to torment, to torture, to examine by torture, to test, to distress, to vex, to afflict
Notes: This verb describes the act of causing severe pain or distress, either physically through torture or mentally through vexation and affliction. It can also refer to the process of examining someone under torture to extract information, or more generally, to test or prove something through a difficult process. It implies a severe and often prolonged suffering.
Inflection: Present Active Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑἸΚΙΖΩ, ΤΙΜΩΡΕΩ, ΚΟΛΑΖΩ
Etymology: From the noun βάσανος (basanos), meaning 'touchstone' or 'test', which was used to test the purity of metals. Over time, it evolved to mean a test or examination by torture, and then simply to torture or torment.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: It's not possible to provide a reliable pronunciation due to the likely misspelling.
Translations: unknown
Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a garbled form of a Koine Greek word. The ending '-φαγουντας' suggests a participle related to 'eating' (from φάγος, 'eater' or φαγεῖν, 'to eat'). However, the prefix 'μιε-' is not a standard Koine Greek prefix. It is highly probable that this is a typo for 'μιαροφαγούντας' (miarophagountas), meaning 'eating defiled things' or 'eating abominations', which would be a present active participle, accusative masculine plural. Another possibility is 'μισοφαγούντας' (misophagountas), meaning 'hating to eat' or 'eating with hatred'. Without further context or correction, its exact meaning is uncertain.
Inflection: Unknown
G0928
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: bah-SAH-nee-zeh
Translations: torment, torture, examine, test, distress, vex, harass
Notes: This word describes the act of putting someone or something to the test, often through severe pain or distress. It can refer to physical torture, but also to mental anguish or the rigorous examination of a person or a claim. It implies a process of intense scrutiny or suffering.
Inflection: Present Active Imperative, 2nd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΙΚΙΖΩ, ΤΙΜΩΡΕΩ, ΚΟΛΑΖΩ
Etymology: The word ΒΑΣΑΝΙΖΩ comes from the noun ΒΑΣΑΝΟΣ (BASANOS), meaning 'touchstone' or 'test'. It originally referred to the testing of metals by rubbing them on a touchstone, and later evolved to mean testing by torture or severe examination.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-PON-tah
Translations: having said, having spoken, saying, speaking
Notes: This is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having said' or 'having spoken'. It describes an action completed prior to the main verb of the sentence. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main action. For example, 'the one having said' or 'when he had said'.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Accusative Singular Masculine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩΝ, ΦΑΣΚΩΝ
Etymology: The aorist stem (εἰπ-) of this verb comes from a different root than its present stem (λεγ-). The aorist stem is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wekw-, meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'.
G3855
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-AY-gon
Translations: they were passing by, they were going by, they were leading past, they were bringing along, they were bringing forward, they were presenting, they were producing, they were causing, they were introducing
Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative, third person plural form of the verb 'παράγω' (parago). It describes an ongoing action in the past, meaning 'they were passing by,' 'they were going by,' 'they were leading past,' or 'they were bringing along.' It can also mean 'to bring forward,' 'to present,' 'to produce,' 'to cause,' or 'to introduce,' depending on the context.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G3756, G3757
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when
Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.
G2659
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: kah-tah-TEH-noh-meh-nos
Translations: stretching, straining, extending, exerting, striving, being stretched, being strained
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'κατατείνω'. It describes an action of stretching, straining, or extending, often with effort or intensity. It can refer to physical stretching, like a limb, or to a more abstract striving or exerting oneself towards a goal. In the middle voice, it implies the subject is stretching themselves, while in the passive voice, it means the subject is being stretched or strained.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΤΕΙΝΩ, ΕΞΑΠΛΟΩ
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: yoo-MEH-los
Translations: harmoniously, melodiously, fittingly, properly, suitably
Notes: This word describes an action or state that is done in a harmonious, well-ordered, or fitting manner. It implies a sense of appropriateness and pleasantness in execution or arrangement. For example, it could describe music played melodiously or a task performed properly.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΩΣ, ΠΡΕΠΟΝΤΩΣ, ΑΡΜΟΝΙΚΩΣ
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ek-sfon-dy-LI-zo-me-nos
Translations: being dislocated, being put out of joint, being unjointed, being sprained
Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being dislocated' or 'being put out of joint'. It describes something that is in the process of being wrenched or twisted out of its proper place, often referring to bones or joints. It is a compound word formed from the prefix ἐκ- (ek-, 'out of') and σφονδυλίζω (sphondylizō, 'to dislocate a vertebra').
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Passive, Participle
G5258, G2545
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-peh-KAI-eh-toh
Translations: was burning underneath, was kindling underneath, was secretly burning, was secretly kindling
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'secretly', and the verb 'καίω' (kaiō), meaning 'to burn' or 'to kindle'. The word describes something that was burning or being kindled from underneath, or perhaps burning in a hidden or suppressed manner. It is used to describe an ongoing action in the past.
Inflection: Imperfect, Middle/Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΩ, ΑΝΑΚΑΙΩ, ΕΚΚΑΙΩ
G3591
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-beh-LIS-koos
Translations: obelisks, an obelisk
Notes: This word refers to a small obelisk, a tapering, four-sided stone pillar, typically having a pyramidal top. It is used in the accusative plural form, indicating that it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. The word is a diminutive of 'obelos' (a spit or pointed pillar).
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'obeliskos' (obelisk), a diminutive of 'obelos' (a spit, pointed pillar).
G3691
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: OX-ees
Translations: sharp, pointed, keen, swift, quick, a sharp, a pointed
Notes: This word describes something that is sharp, pointed, or keen, often referring to physical objects like stones or stakes. It can also describe something that is swift or quick, such as a movement or a mind. It is used to modify nouns, indicating a quality of sharpness or speed.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΚΜΗ, ΑΚΙΔΩΤΟΣ, ΟΞΥΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ὀξύς (oxys) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱ- meaning 'sharp'.
G4448
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: py-ROH-san-tes
Translations: having set on fire, having burned, having been inflamed, having been purified by fire
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having set on fire' or 'having burned'. It describes an action completed in the past, often indicating the result of that action. It can also refer to being inflamed with passion or purified by fire. It is used to describe someone who has performed the action of burning or setting something ablaze.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΩ, ΦΛΕΓΩ, ΕΚΚΑΙΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G3579
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOH-toyss
Translations: (to) backs, (to) a back, (to) ridges, (to) a ridge
Notes: This word refers to the back of a body, whether human or animal, or metaphorically to a ridge or a high part of a landform. It is used here in the dative plural, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΠΙΣΘΕΝ, ΡΑΧΙΣ
G4374
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-EF-eh-ron
Translations: they were bringing, they were offering, they were presenting, they were applying
Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative, third person plural form of the verb προσφέρω (prospherō). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning "they were bringing to," "they were offering," or "they were presenting." It can also mean "to apply" or "to bring against" in certain contexts.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ
G4125
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLEH-oo-rah
Translations: side, a side, rib, a rib
Notes: This word refers to the side of a body, whether human or animal, or metaphorically to the side of an object or structure. It can also specifically mean a rib, as in the bone from the side of the chest. It is used in contexts describing physical anatomy or the lateral part of something.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to words meaning 'to flow' or 'to swim', possibly referring to the 'floating' or 'flank' part of the body.
G1229
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-ah-PEH-rahn-tes
Translations: having thoroughly pierced, having tested, having tried, having put to the test
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from διά (dia, through) and πειράω (peiraō, to test, try). It means to thoroughly test, try, or pierce through. It implies a complete or exhaustive action of testing or penetrating. It can be used in contexts where someone is being put to a severe test or where something is being pierced all the way through.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ, ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ
G4698
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SPLANGKH-nah
Translations: bowels, intestines, affections, compassion, pity
Notes: This word refers literally to the inner organs, such as the intestines or viscera. Metaphorically, it signifies the seat of emotions and deep feelings, particularly compassion, pity, or tender affections. It is often used to describe a profound emotional response or empathy towards others.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΤΙΡΜΟΙ, ΕΛΕΟΣ
Etymology: The word originates from an ancient Greek root referring to the inner parts of the body. It developed to also signify the seat of emotions and feelings.
G1223, G2545
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-eh-KAI-on
Translations: burned through, consumed by fire, burned up
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'completely', and καίω (kaiō), meaning 'to burn'. Therefore, it means 'to burn through' or 'to burn up completely'. It describes an action where fire thoroughly consumes something, often with destructive force. It is used to indicate a complete and intense burning.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΚΑΙΩ, ΕΚΚΑΙΩ
G0928
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: bah-sah-NEE-zoh-meh-nos
Translations: being tormented, suffering, being tested, being tortured, being vexed
Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being tormented' or 'one who is being tormented'. It describes someone who is currently undergoing torment, torture, or severe testing. It can refer to physical pain, mental anguish, or intense suffering.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΤΙΜΩΡΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΑΣΧΩΝ
G2413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ee-eh-roh-PREH-poos
Translations: of holy, of sacred, of reverent, of becoming, of fitting, of a holy, of a sacred, of a reverent, of a becoming, of a fitting
Notes: This word is an adjective that describes something as holy, sacred, reverent, or fitting and becoming for a sacred context. It implies a dignity or appropriateness that aligns with religious or spiritual matters. It can be used to describe persons, actions, or things that exhibit such qualities.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ, ΑΓΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: ἱερός (hieros), meaning 'sacred' or 'holy', and πρέπω (prepo), meaning 'to be fitting' or 'to be becoming'. Thus, it literally means 'fitting for sacred things' or 'becoming of holiness'.
G0165
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahee-OH-nos
Translations: of an age, of an eternity, of a world, of time, of the world, of the age, of eternity
Notes: This word refers to a period of time, an age, or an eternity. It can also refer to the world or the universe, especially in the sense of the present world order or the world to come. In this genitive form, it often indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of an age' or 'of the world'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΥ, ΚΟΣΜΟΥ
G2150
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: yoo-SEB-eh-yan
Translations: piety, godliness, devotion, a piety, a godliness
Notes: This word refers to piety, godliness, or devotion, particularly in the context of reverence towards God or the gods. It describes a proper attitude and conduct towards the divine, often encompassing moral uprightness and religious observance. It is used to describe the quality of being devout or reverent.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣΕΒΕΙΑ, ΕΥ̓ΛΑΒΕΙΑ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ
G1130
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: gym-na-SEE-an
Translations: training, exercise, discipline, a training, an exercise, a discipline
Notes: This word refers to physical or spiritual training, exercise, or discipline. It describes the process of developing skills or character through practice and effort. It can be used in contexts relating to athletic training, but also to the discipline required for spiritual growth or moral development.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΣΚΗΣΙΣ, ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑ
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FOY
Translations: brothers, fellow believers, kinsmen, countrymen
Notes: This word refers to brothers by birth, but it can also be used more broadly to refer to male relatives, fellow countrymen, or, in a spiritual sense, fellow believers in a community. It is a plural form of the word for 'brother'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΙ, ΣΥΝΤΡΟΦΟΙ, ΟΜΟΓΕΝΕΙΣ
G5118
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toh-SOO-toy
Translations: so many, so great, such a number
Notes: This word is an adjective used to indicate a large quantity or magnitude, meaning 'so many' or 'so great'. It describes a noun, emphasizing its number or size. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'so many people' or 'such a great multitude'.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G2564
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: klee-THEN-tes
Translations: called, having been called, invited, having been invited
Notes: This word is a passive participle derived from the verb 'to call' or 'to invite'. It describes someone or something that has been called or invited. It is often used to refer to those who have been summoned or chosen for a particular purpose.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΕΚΛΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΡΟΣΚΕΚΛΗΜΕΝΟΙ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G3528
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-nee-KEE-thay-men
Translations: we were conquered, we were overcome, we were defeated
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'νικάω' (nikao), which means 'to conquer' or 'to overcome'. The form 'ἐνικήθημεν' specifically means 'we were conquered' or 'we were overcome'. It describes an action that happened in the past, where the subject (we) was the recipient of the action of being defeated or overcome by someone or something else. It is used to express a state of being defeated.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
G423
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-NEE-kay-tos
Translations: unconquerable, invincible, a victor
Notes: This word describes something or someone that cannot be conquered, overcome, or defeated. It implies a state of being victorious or having insurmountable strength. It can be used to describe a person, a force, or even a concept that is beyond defeat.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ἈΗΤΤΗΤΟΣ, ἈΜΑΧΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, 'not') and νικητός (nikētós, 'conquerable'), from νικάω (nikáō, 'to conquer'). It literally means 'not conquerable'.
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G2152
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: yoo-SEH-bays
Translations: pious, devout, godly, righteous
Notes: This word describes someone who is pious, devout, or godly. It refers to a person who shows reverence and respect towards God or the gods, and lives a life in accordance with divine will or religious principles. It can be used to describe individuals who are morally upright and dedicated to their faith.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine; or Singular, Nominative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΛΑΒΗΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΣΕΒΗΣ is a compound word derived from the Greek prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'good' or 'well', and the verb ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ (sebomai), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. Thus, it literally means 'well-worshipping' or 'rightly revering'.
G1922
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-ee-STAY-may
Translations: knowledge, understanding, skill, a knowledge, an understanding, a skill
Notes: This word refers to knowledge, understanding, or skill, often implying a systematic or scientific comprehension of a subject. It can be used to describe intellectual understanding, practical skill, or even divine wisdom. It is typically used in a general sense to denote the possession of information or ability.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΣΟΦΙΑ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΣΤΗΜΗ is derived from the verb ἐπίσταμαι (epistamai), meaning 'to know, to understand'. It is formed from the prefix ἐπί (epi), meaning 'on, upon', and ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'. Thus, it literally means 'to stand upon' or 'to be firm in knowledge'.
G2567
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ka-lo-ka-ga-THEE-a
Translations: moral excellence, nobility, goodness, a moral excellence, a nobility, a goodness
Notes: This is a compound noun derived from the words 'καλός' (kalos, meaning 'good' or 'beautiful') and 'ἀγαθός' (agathos, meaning 'good' or 'virtuous'). It refers to the ideal of a noble and good character, encompassing both moral and aesthetic excellence. It describes a state of being both outwardly admirable and inwardly virtuous, often implying a harmonious balance of qualities. It is used to describe a person or quality that embodies this ideal.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΕΤΗ, ΕΥΓΕΝΕΙΑ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the Greek adjectives καλός (kalos, 'beautiful, good') and ἀγαθός (agathos, 'good, virtuous'), combined with the noun-forming suffix -ια. It represents the ancient Greek ideal of the 'beautiful and good' person, embodying both physical and moral excellence.
G2528
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: kah-thoh-PLIS-meh-nos
Translations: armed, fully armed, equipped, well-armed
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been fully armed' or 'being fully armed'. It describes someone who is completely equipped for battle or a task. It is a compound word formed from κατά (kata, 'down, completely') and ὁπλίζω (hoplizō, 'to arm'). It implies a thorough and complete state of readiness or defense.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΩΠΛΙΣΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΞΩΠΛΙΣΜΕΝΟΣ
Etymology: The verb καθοπλίζω (kathoplizō) is derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely', and the verb ὁπλίζω (hoplizō), meaning 'to arm' or 'to equip with weapons'. The prefix κατά intensifies the meaning of the verb, indicating a thorough or complete arming.
G2348
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: tet-NEE-xoh-mai
Translations: I will have died, I will be dead
Notes: This is a future perfect form of the verb 'to die'. It describes an action that will be completed in the future, resulting in a state of having died. It emphasizes the future state of being dead rather than the act of dying itself.
Inflection: Future Perfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 1st Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΘΝΗΙΣΚΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwen- ('to die, disappear').
G2532, G1473
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun
Sounds like: kah-GOH
Translations: and I, but I, I also, I too
Notes: This word is a crasis (a contraction of two words into one) of the conjunction "καὶ" (kai, meaning "and" or "but") and the first-person singular pronoun "ἐγώ" (egō, meaning "I"). It therefore means "and I" or "but I," often emphasizing the "I" or indicating that the speaker is also included in an action or statement. It functions as a subject pronoun.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-gahn
Translations: great, large, mighty, important, a great, a large
Notes: This word describes something as being great in size, importance, or intensity. It is used to modify nouns, indicating a significant quality or scale, such as a 'great fear' or a 'great priest'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ
G4316
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pros-BAL-lohn
Translations: attacking, assailing, throwing against, striking against, encountering, meeting, applying, adding
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'ΠΡΟΣΒΑΛΛΩ', meaning 'to throw or strike against', 'to attack', 'to assail', or 'to encounter'. It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. It can be used to describe someone who is actively engaging in combat or confrontation, or metaphorically, someone who is applying themselves to a task or adding something to a situation.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ, ΕΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G0249
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-LAS-tor-ah
Translations: avenger, a tormentor, a curse, a plague, a fiend
Notes: This word refers to an avenger, especially one who exacts vengeance for a crime, or a tormentor. It can also denote a curse or a fiend, often implying a malevolent spirit or a person who brings misfortune. It is used in a derogatory sense to describe someone who is a source of trouble or punishment.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΩΡΟΣ, ΕΚΔΙΚΗΤΗΣ
G2537
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kai-noor-GEH
Translations: to make new, to renew, to innovate, to restore
Notes: This verb means to make something new, to renew it, or to innovate. It can refer to the act of creating something fresh or restoring something to its original, new state. It is used to describe actions that bring about a significant change or improvement, making things new again.
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΑΙΝΙΖΩ, ΑΝΑΝΕΟΩ, ΑΠΟΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙΝΟΥΡΓΕΩ is a compound word derived from ΚΑΙΝΟΣ (kainos), meaning 'new' or 'fresh', and ἔργον (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. Thus, it literally means 'to do new work' or 'to make new'.
G4190
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: po-LEH-mee-eh
Translations: enemy, hostile, an enemy, a hostile one
Notes: This word refers to an enemy or someone who is hostile. It can be used as a noun to denote an adversary or as an adjective to describe something as hostile or warlike. In this inflected form, it is used in direct address, calling out to an enemy.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ
G0230
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ah-lay-THOHS
Translations: truly, indeed, certainly, verily, in truth, really
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'truly' or 'indeed'. It is used to emphasize the truthfulness or certainty of a statement, often appearing at the beginning of a clause or phrase to affirm what is being said. It can also be used to confirm something that has been stated.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΝΤΩΣ, ΑΜΗΝ, ΒΕΒΑΙΩΣ
G2151
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: yoo-SEH-boon-TON
Translations: of those who are devout, of those who are pious, of those who worship well
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'eusebeo', meaning 'to be devout' or 'to act piously'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is devout or pious. In this genitive plural form, it refers to 'those who are devout' or 'of the devout ones'. It describes a group of people characterized by their reverence and piety towards God.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΣΕΒΕΙΣ, ΘΕΟΣΕΒΕΙΣ
G1537, G1803
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: eks
Translations: out of, from, by, of, six
Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ
Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.
G3371
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mei-RA-kee-ah
Translations: youths, young men, boys, lads
Notes: This word refers to young people, specifically boys or young men, typically in their adolescence or early youth. It is often used to describe a group of youths. It is a compound word, though its exact etymology is debated.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΝΕΑΝΙΑΙ, ΠΑΙΔΕΣ
G2647
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-teh-LYOO-sah-men
Translations: we overthrew, we destroyed, we abolished, we lodged, we dissolved
Notes: This word means to loosen down, dissolve, destroy, overthrow, or abolish. It can also mean to lodge or take up lodging, especially for the night. In the provided form, it indicates an action completed in the past by a group including the speaker.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist Active Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΩ, ΛΥΩ
Etymology: The word καταλύω is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb λύω (lyō), meaning 'to loosen' or 'to release'.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G5177
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: too-RAN-nee-da
Translations: tyranny, a tyranny, despotism, absolute power
Notes: This word refers to the rule of a tyrant, characterized by oppressive or cruel government. It denotes absolute power, often acquired and maintained through force, and can describe the state or condition of such rule. It is used in sentences to indicate the object of an action, such as overthrowing or establishing tyranny.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΣΤΕΙΑ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΙΑ
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doo-nee-THEE-nai
Translations: to be able, to be powerful, to have power, to be capable
Notes: This word is the aorist infinitive form of the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It is used to express capability, potential, or permission. As an infinitive, it often functions like a noun, indicating the act of being able, and can be used with other verbs or prepositions.
Inflection: Aorist, Infinitive, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙΝ
G4571
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SEH
Translations: you
Notes: ΣΕ is the accusative singular form of the second-person pronoun, meaning 'you' when it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It indicates the person to whom an action is done or directed.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the accusative form of the second-person singular pronoun.
G3343
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-tah-PEY-sai
Translations: to persuade, to change one's mind, to convince, to win over
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΜΕΤΑ (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and the verb ΠΕΙΘΩ (peithō), meaning 'to persuade'. Together, it means to persuade someone to change their mind or to convince them to alter their opinion or course of action. It implies a successful act of persuasion that results in a shift in the other person's thinking.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΑΝΑΠΕΙΘΩ, ΠΑΡΑΠΕΙΘΩ
G3053
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: loh-giss-MON
Translations: thought, a thought, reasoning, a reasoning, calculation, a calculation, purpose, a purpose, device, a device
Notes: This word refers to a thought, reasoning, or calculation. It describes the product of mental activity, such as a plan, a purpose, or a device. It can be used to denote both good and bad intentions or ideas.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΝΘΥΜΗΣΙΣ, ΔΙΑΛΟΓΙΣΜΟΣ
G3383
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: MAY-teh
Translations: neither, nor
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to connect two or more negative clauses or phrases. It often appears in a series, meaning 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It emphasizes the exclusion of all listed possibilities.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ, ΟΥΤΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle ΜΗ (mē) and the enclitic particle ΤΕ (te), which means 'and'. It is used to connect negative clauses.
G0971
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: bee-ah-SAH-sthai
Translations: to force, to compel, to do violence to, to press into, to urge, to overpower
Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'to force' or 'to compel'. It describes an action where someone uses power or pressure to make something happen or to overcome resistance. It can be used in contexts where physical force is applied, or where strong persuasion or urgency is used to compel an action.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΑΓΚΑΖΩ
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mee-eh-roh-fah-GHEE-an
Translations: defiled eating, unclean eating, the eating of defiled things
Notes: This is a compound noun, formed from 'μιαρός' (miaros), meaning 'defiled' or 'unclean', and 'φαγεῖν' (phagein), meaning 'to eat'. It refers to the act of eating things that are considered defiled or unclean, often in a religious or ritualistic sense. It describes the consumption of food that is ritually impure or morally corrupting.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G2647
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-tah-LYOO-sis
Translations: destruction, overthrow, dissolution, demolition, breaking down, lodging, inn, a lodging, an inn
Notes: This word refers to the act of breaking down, dissolving, or destroying something. It can also refer to a place where one lodges or stays, like an inn or a temporary dwelling, derived from the verb meaning 'to unyoke' or 'to lodge'. Its meaning depends on the context.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΤΡΟΠΗ, ΑΦΑΝΙΣΜΟΣ, ΞΕΝΟΔΟΧΕΙΟΝ
Etymology: ΚΑΤΑΛΥΣΙΣ is derived from the verb καταλύω (katalyō), meaning 'to unyoke, to pull down, to destroy, to lodge'. It is formed from κατά (kata, 'down, against') and λύω (lyō, 'to loose, to release, to destroy').
G4442
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poor
Translations: fire, a fire
Notes: This word refers to the element of fire. It is commonly used in a literal sense to denote burning, heat, or light. Metaphorically, it can represent divine judgment, purification, testing, or the presence of God.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word with cognates in many Indo-European languages.
G5593
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PSY-khron
Translations: cold, a cold thing, chilly, frigid
Notes: This word describes something as being cold in temperature. It can refer to physical coldness, like cold water or cold air. In some contexts, it can also be used metaphorically to describe a lack of warmth, passion, or enthusiasm.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΡΥΟΣ, ΝΑΡΚΑΛΕΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΨΥΧΡΟΣ (psychros) comes from the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to cool' or 'to breathe'. It is related to the concept of breath and coldness.
G0000
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-POH-noy
Translations: desperate, reckless, senseless, a desperate, a reckless, a senseless
Notes: This word describes someone or something as desperate, reckless, or senseless. It implies a state of mind where one acts without reason or regard for consequences, often due to extreme despair or foolishness. It can be used to describe actions, people, or even inanimate objects if they are characterized by a lack of sense or effectiveness.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΦΡΩΝ, ΑΝΟΗΤΟΣ, ΑΛΟΓΟΣ
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-tah-PEL-tai
Translations: catapults, siege engines, ballistas
Notes: This word refers to catapults or other large siege engines used in ancient warfare. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'πάλλω' (to hurl, to shake), literally meaning 'that which hurls down'. It is typically used in the plural to refer to multiple such machines.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΜΗΧΑΝΑΙ, ΠΕΤΡΟΒΟΛΟΙ, ΟΞΥΒΕΛΕΙΣ
Etymology: The word καταπέλτης (katapeltēs) is derived from the Greek preposition κατά (kata, 'down, against') and the verb πάλλω (pallō, 'to hurl, to shake'). It refers to a device for hurling objects downwards or against something.
G0001
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-DY-nah-tos
Translations: impossible, weak, impotent, a weak person, an impotent person
Notes: This word describes something that is impossible to do or achieve, or someone who is weak, powerless, or without strength. It can refer to a physical inability or a general lack of power or capacity. It is often used to describe things that cannot happen or people who are unable to act effectively.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΣΘΕΝΗΣ, ἈΔΥΝΑΜΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek, a compound of the negative prefix 'α-' (a-) meaning 'not' and 'δυνατός' (dynatos) meaning 'able' or 'powerful'. Thus, it literally means 'not able' or 'not powerful'.
G0979
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEE-ah
Translations: force, violence, power, a force, a violence, a power
Notes: This word refers to physical force, violence, or power. It can describe a forceful action, an act of aggression, or the inherent strength or power of something. It is often used in contexts where something is done by compulsion or against resistance.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to concepts of force and strength.
G2304
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: divine, godly, sacred, of God, a divine being, a god
Notes: This word describes something as divine, godly, or sacred, pertaining to God or a god. It can be used to describe laws, power, or nature as being from a divine source. It can also function as a noun, referring to a divine being or a god.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΣ, ΘΕΟΠΡΕΠΗΣ, ΑΓΙΟΣ
G3551
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: noh-MOO
Translations: of law, of a law, law
Notes: This word refers to a law, principle, or custom. In the New Testament, it often refers to the Mosaic Law, but can also denote a general principle or rule. It is used to describe a standard of conduct or a body of regulations.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΗ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΚΑΝΩΝ
Etymology: From a root meaning 'to parcel out, distribute'. It refers to that which is assigned or appointed, hence a custom or law.
G4291
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: proh-ess-TAY-kah-sin
Translations: they have stood before, they have presided over, they have ruled, they have been in charge
Notes: This is a verb in the perfect active indicative, third person plural. The root verb, προΐστημι, means 'to stand before,' 'to be at the head of,' 'to preside over,' or 'to rule.' It implies being in a position of authority or leadership, often with the sense of protecting or caring for those under one's charge. The perfect tense indicates a completed action with ongoing results, meaning they have taken up a position of leadership and continue to be in that state.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ
Etymology: The word προΐστημι is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of,' and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand.' Thus, it literally means 'to stand before' or 'to place oneself before,' evolving to signify leadership or authority.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G0448
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-NEE-kee-ton
Translations: unconquerable, invincible, unbeatable
Notes: This adjective describes something that cannot be conquered, defeated, or overcome. It is used to express the idea of an insurmountable force or an unyielding quality. For example, one might speak of an 'unconquerable spirit' or an 'invincible army'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ἈΗΤΤΗΤΟΣ, ἈΜΑΧΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΝΙΚΗΤΟΣ (anikētos) is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'un-', and νικητός (nikētos), meaning 'conquerable' or 'vanquishable'. Νικητός itself comes from νικάω (nikaō), meaning 'to conquer' or 'to overcome'.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-oh-men
Translations: we have, we hold, we possess, we are able, we are
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to have', 'to hold', or 'to possess'. It can also be used in a broader sense to mean 'to be able' or simply 'to be' in certain contexts, often implying a state or condition. It is used to indicate possession or a current state of being.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
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