2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G4230

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PRAH-sis

Translations: sale, a sale, selling, a selling

Notes: This word refers to the act of selling or a transaction involving a sale. It is used to describe the process of exchanging goods or services for money. For example, it can refer to the sale of property or the general act of trading.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΩΛΗΣΙΣ, ΕΜΠΟΡΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb πράσσω (prassō), meaning 'to do, to accomplish, to practice, to exact payment'. The noun form denotes the act or result of doing, specifically in the context of commercial transactions.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G4461

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: rah-thoo-MEH-teh

Translations: you are idle, you are negligent, you are careless, you are at ease, you relax, be idle, be negligent, be careless, be at ease, relax

Notes: This verb means to be idle, negligent, or careless, often implying a lack of diligence or a state of being at ease when action is required. It can be used in a sentence to describe someone who is not putting in the necessary effort or is procrastinating. It can function as an indicative statement (you are idle) or an imperative command (be idle).

Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative or Imperative

Synonyms: ΑΡΓΕΩ, ΝΩΘΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word ῥαθυμέω (rhatʰuméō) is a compound word derived from ῥᾴδιος (rhā́idios), meaning 'easy', and θῡμός (thūmós), meaning 'spirit' or 'passion'. It literally means 'easy-spirited' or 'easy-minded', leading to the sense of being carefree, idle, or negligent.

G2597

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-BEE-teh

Translations: go down, come down, descend

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to go down' or 'to come down'. It is formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb 'βαίνω' (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. It is often used in the imperative to command someone or a group to descend from a higher place to a lower one, or to move from one location to another by going downwards.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΙΣΧΥΩ

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G4621

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SEE-tos

Translations: grain, a grain, corn, a corn, wheat, a wheat, food, a food

Notes: This word refers to grain, especially wheat, or more generally, food. It is often used in contexts related to agriculture, provisions, or sustenance. It can be used to describe the crop itself or the prepared food derived from it.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΙΤΕΙΑ, ΣΙΤΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word "σῖτος" (sitos) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has been used in Greek since ancient times to refer to grain or food.

G80

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FON

Translations: brother, a brother, fellowman, countryman, kinsman

Notes: This word refers to a brother by birth, but it can also be used more broadly to refer to a fellow countryman, a kinsman, or a spiritual brother (such as a fellow believer in a religious community). It is often used in the New Testament to address members of the Christian community. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition when in the accusative case.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΟΜΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΔΕΛΦΟΣ is a compound word derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G4218

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PO-teh

Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.

G4819

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-BEE

Translations: may happen, may occur, may come to pass, may befall, may result

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'συμβαίνω' (symbainō), meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'βαίνω' (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. In its present form, 'συμβῇ' is used to express a potential or desired event, often translated with 'may' or 'might'. It describes something that comes to pass or takes place.

Inflection: Aorist, Subjunctive, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G3119

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mah-lah-KEE-ah

Translations: sickness, disease, infirmity, a sickness, a disease, an infirmity

Notes: This word refers to a state of physical weakness, illness, or infirmity. It is used to describe various forms of sickness or disease that affect the body, often implying a lack of strength or vigor. It can be used in a general sense to refer to any kind of physical ailment.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΑ, ΝΟΣΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word μαλακός (malakos), meaning 'soft' or 'weak'. The noun form denotes the state or condition of being soft or weak, hence illness or infirmity.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EEL-thon

Translations: they came, I came, he came, she came, it came

Notes: This word is an aorist active indicative form of the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes an action that happened in the past, without specifying its duration or completion. It can be used for the 1st person singular ('I came') or the 3rd person plural ('they came'), and sometimes 3rd person singular ('he/she/it came') depending on context and subject agreement.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G2474

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).

G0059

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-go-RAH-zayn

Translations: to buy, to purchase, to redeem

Notes: This word means to buy or to purchase, often implying a transaction in a public place or marketplace (agora). It can also carry the sense of redeeming or acquiring something through payment. It is used to describe the act of obtaining goods or services in exchange for money or other value.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΩΝΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΙΑΜΑΙ, ΚΤΑΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἀγοράζω (agorazō) is derived from ἀγορά (agora), meaning 'marketplace' or 'assembly place'. The verb literally means 'to do business in the agora' or 'to go to market', and thus 'to buy'.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: er-KHO-meh-nohn

Translations: coming, going, a coming, a going, those coming, those going, of those coming, of those going

Notes: This word is a present participle of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or an adverb, describing an action that is ongoing or habitual. In this form, it refers to 'those who are coming' or 'those who are going', often implying a group or a general state of arrival or departure. It can be used to describe people, events, or things that are in the process of arriving or moving.

Inflection: Present, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΛΘΟΝΤΩΝ, ΙΟΝΤΩΝ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3042

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LEE-mos

Translations: famine, a famine, hunger

Notes: This word refers to a severe scarcity of food, leading to widespread hunger and starvation. It is commonly used to describe a period of great want or scarcity, often with devastating consequences for a region or its people. It can also refer more generally to hunger itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΝΑ, ΑΥΧΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'λιμός' (limos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to lack' or 'to be hungry'. It has been used in Greek since ancient times to denote hunger or famine.

G5477

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KHAH-nah-ahn

Translations: Canaan

Notes: This word refers to Canaan, a historical region in the Ancient Near East, located between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. It is frequently mentioned in the Bible as the 'Promised Land' given to the Israelites. It is used to denote the land itself or its inhabitants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (indeclinable proper noun)

Etymology: The word 'Canaan' is of Semitic origin, likely from a root meaning 'to be low, humble, subjugated'. It refers to the historical region and its inhabitants.

G0758

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AR-khone

Translations: ruler, a ruler, prince, chief, magistrate, official, leader

Notes: This word refers to a person in a position of authority or leadership. It can denote a ruler, a prince, a chief, or any high-ranking official or magistrate. It is used to describe someone who holds power or has a prominent role in a community or government.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἄρχω (archō), meaning 'to rule, to begin'. It refers to one who is first or who leads.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G2992

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lah-OH

Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation

Notes: This word refers to a people, a nation, or a multitude of individuals, often used in the context of a specific group or community, such as the people of Israel or the people of God. It can be used to describe a general populace or a distinct ethnic or national group.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to λᾶς (lās, "stone"), referring to people as "stones" or "foundations." It is also suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- ("people, army").

G4352

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-eh-koo-NEE-san

Translations: they worshiped, they bowed down, they prostrated themselves, they did obeisance

Notes: This word describes the act of showing reverence or adoration, typically by prostrating oneself or bowing down. It implies an act of worship or homage, often directed towards God, a deity, or a person of high authority. It is frequently used with the dative case to indicate the object of worship or reverence.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word προσκυνέω is a compound word formed from πρός (pros), meaning 'towards' or 'before', and κυνέω (kyneō), meaning 'to kiss'. The original sense was to kiss the ground when prostrating oneself before a superior, or to kiss the hand of a superior.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G4383

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-OH-pon

Translations: face, a face, presence, person, appearance

Notes: This word refers to the face of a person or animal. It can also denote one's presence or appearance, or even a person themselves, especially in a formal or legal context. It is used to describe physical features as well as the impression or aspect someone presents.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, "to, towards") and ὤψ (ōps, "eye, face"). It literally means "that which is towards the eye" or "that which is before the eye."

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYN

Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region

Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G1921

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-GNO

Translations: knew, recognized, understood, perceived, learned, ascertained, became acquainted with

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'epiginōskō', meaning to know fully, to recognize, or to understand. It implies a deeper, more complete knowledge than simply 'ginōskō' (to know). It can be used to describe the act of coming to a full realization or becoming thoroughly acquainted with something or someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

G0243

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-lloh-TREE-oo-toh

Translations: was alienated, was estranged, became alienated, became estranged, was made a stranger

Notes: This word describes the action of being alienated, estranged, or made a stranger to someone or something. It implies a separation or a state of being foreign. It is often used in contexts where relationships are broken or where someone becomes an outsider.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΞΕΝΟΩ, ἈΠΟΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἀλλοτριόω (allotrioo) is derived from the adjective ἀλλότριος (allotrios), meaning 'belonging to another' or 'foreign'. This in turn comes from ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other'.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G2240

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: HEH-kah-teh

Translations: you have come, you came, you are present

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to have come' or 'to be present'. It describes an action of arrival or presence, often implying a state of having arrived and now being there. It is used when referring to a group of people who have arrived.

Inflection: Second Person Plural, Perfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ΑΦΙΚΝΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἥκω (hēkō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *sekʷ- meaning 'to follow' or 'to go'.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AY-pahn

Translations: they said, they spoke

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'εἶπον' (eîpon), which functions as the aorist tense for 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes a completed action in the past, indicating that a group of people 'said' or 'spoke' something. It is used to report direct speech or to state what was communicated by multiple individuals.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΛΗΣΑΝ, ΕΦΑΣΑΝ

G0059

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-go-RAH-sai

Translations: to buy, to purchase, to redeem

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'to buy' or 'to purchase'. It indicates the action of acquiring something by paying a price. It can also carry the meaning of 'to redeem' in a broader sense, especially in theological contexts, referring to being set free by a payment. It is used to express the purpose or result of an action, often translated as 'to buy' or 'in order to buy'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΩΝΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΙΑΜΑΙ

G1921

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-GNO-san

Translations: they knew, they recognized, they understood, they perceived, they learned

Notes: This word means to know fully, to recognize, to understand, or to perceive. It often implies a deeper, more complete, or more accurate knowledge than simply knowing. It can also mean to learn or to become acquainted with something or someone. It is used to describe the act of gaining full comprehension or acknowledging something as true.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ

G3403

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: em-NEES-thay

Translations: remembered, was reminded, called to mind

Notes: This verb means to remember, to recall, or to be reminded of something. It is often used in the context of God remembering His covenant or people, or people remembering God's works or commands. It can also mean to make mention of something.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΝΗΜΟΝΕΥΩ, ΕΝΘΥΜΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From μνάομαι (mnaomai), meaning 'to remember', which is related to μνήμη (mnēmē), 'memory'.

G1797

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: en-YP-nee-ohn

Translations: of dreams

Notes: This word refers to a dream or a vision experienced during sleep. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of dreams'. It is used to describe something belonging to or related to multiple dreams.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΝΕΙΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΥΠΝΙΟΝ (enypnion) is derived from the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in', and ὕπνος (hypnos), meaning 'sleep'. Thus, it literally means 'that which is in sleep' or 'a thing of sleep'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G2685

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tah-SKO-poy

Translations: spies, scouts

Notes: This word refers to individuals who are sent to secretly observe or gather information about an enemy, a territory, or a situation. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'σκοπός' (watcher, one who looks). It is used to describe those who act as spies or scouts.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΚΟΠΕΥΣ, ΣΚΟΠΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the noun σκοπός (skopos), meaning 'watcher' or 'one who looks'. It literally means 'one who looks down upon' or 'one who looks against', implying observation for hostile or strategic purposes.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G5561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHO-ras

Translations: of a country, of a region, of a land, of a place, of the country, of the region, of the land, of the place, countries, regions, lands, places

Notes: This word refers to a country, region, land, or place. It is often used to denote a specific geographical area or territory. In its genitive singular form, it indicates possession or origin, such as 'of a country' or 'from a region'. It can also function as the nominative or accusative plural, meaning 'countries' or 'regions'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΓΗ

G3780

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OOKH-ee

Translations: no, not at all, by no means, certainly not

Notes: This word is a strong negative adverb, meaning 'no' or 'not at all'. It is used to express a definite and emphatic denial, often in response to a question or to strongly contradict a statement. It is a more emphatic form of the negative particle οὐ (ou).

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ

Etymology: From οὐ (ou), meaning 'not', and the enclitic particle -χι (-chi), which adds emphasis. It is a more emphatic form of the simple negative particle.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EEL-thoh-men

Translations: we came, we went, we arrived

Notes: This word means 'we came' or 'we went'. It is a past tense form of the verb 'to come' or 'to go', indicating an action that was completed in the past. It is used to describe the arrival or departure of a group of people (specifically, 'we').

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person Plural

Synonyms: ΗΚΟΜΕΝ, ΕΒΗΜΕΝ

Etymology: The verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move' or 'to go'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek, used to describe movement from one place to another.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-DEIN

Translations: to see, to perceive, to behold, to look, to know, to understand

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horao), meaning 'to see'. It is used to express the action of seeing or perceiving in a general sense, often without a specific time frame. It can also imply understanding or knowing something through observation. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He desired to see the truth' or 'It is good to see the light'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ὁράω' (horao) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'. The aorist stem 'ἰδ-' (id-) is derived from a different, but related, Proto-Indo-European root, which also means 'to see' or 'to know'.

G3501

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: neh-OH-teh-ross

Translations: younger, newest, youngest, newer

Notes: This word is the comparative and superlative form of the adjective 'ΝΕΟΣ' (neos), meaning 'new' or 'young'. As a comparative, it means 'younger' or 'newer'. As a superlative, it means 'youngest' or 'newest'. It is used to describe someone or something that is more recent in age or time compared to others, or the most recent among a group.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Comparative or Superlative

Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-teh-ross

Translations: other, another, different, a different

Notes: This word means 'other' or 'another', specifically implying a qualitative difference or a different kind, as opposed to 'allos' which means 'another of the same kind'. It is used to distinguish one thing from another that is distinct in nature or type. For example, 'a different man' or 'another kind of thing'.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular. This word inflects for gender, number, and case.

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'different'. It is related to Latin 'alter' and English 'other'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G2046

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-RAY-kah

Translations: I have said, I have spoken, I have told

Notes: This is the first person singular, perfect active indicative form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results or relevance in the present. It is used to express that the speaker has completed the act of saying something.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΕΛΑΛΗΚΑ, ΕΙΠΟΝ

Etymology: From the verb ἐρέω (eréō), meaning 'to ask, say, speak'. The perfect stem εἴρηκα (eírēka) is used for the perfect tense of this verb.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G3565

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: NAY

Translations: verily, truly, by

Notes: This word is a particle used to introduce an oath or affirmation, often translated as 'verily' or 'truly'. It is typically followed by the accusative case of the person or thing by whom one swears, meaning 'by (someone/something)'. For example, 'νη Δία' would mean 'by Zeus'. It emphasizes the truthfulness or solemnity of a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΜΗΝ, ΟΝΤΩΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is found in ancient Greek and is used to introduce solemn affirmations or oaths.

G5328

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: fah-rah-OH

Translations: Pharaoh

Notes: This word refers to the title of the ancient Egyptian kings. It is used to denote the ruler of Egypt, particularly in the context of the Old Testament and New Testament narratives, such as the Exodus story. It is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of its grammatical function in a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Indeclinable

Etymology: The word Φαραώ (Pharaō) is a transliteration of the Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (parʿōh), which itself comes from the Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ, meaning 'great house' or 'palace'. This term eventually became a title for the king.

G1831

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-EL-thay-teh

Translations: go out, come out, depart, leave, you may go out, you should go out, go forth

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Therefore, it literally means 'to come out' or 'to go out'. It is used to describe the act of moving from an enclosed space or a specific location to an external one, or to depart from a place. It can also be used metaphorically to mean to emerge or to be revealed.

Inflection: Aorist, Subjunctive, Active, 2nd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. The root ἔρχομαι is derived from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move' or 'to go'.

G1782

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: en-TEF-then

Translations: from here, hence, thence, from this place, from this time, from that time, from this point

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating origin or sequence. It means 'from this place' or 'from this time/point onward'. It can be used to denote physical departure from a location or a logical progression from a previous statement or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΘΕΝ, ΕΝΘΑΔΕ

Etymology: This word is formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (in) and the demonstrative stem 'τεῦθεν', indicating origin or direction from a place.

G1437

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FOS

Translations: brother, a brother, fellow countryman, kinsman, fellow believer

Notes: This word refers to a brother, either by birth or by a close familial or social bond. It can also be used metaphorically to refer to a fellow countryman, a kinsman, or a fellow believer in a religious context. It is a masculine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΝΗΡ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ, ἙΤΑΙΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EL-thay

Translations: come, go, arrive, proceed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It is often used to describe movement towards or away from a place, or the arrival of a person or event. It can also refer to the act of proceeding or happening. In the provided examples, it is used in a subjunctive mood, indicating a potential or hypothetical action, often translated as 'should come' or 'might come'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Subjunctive, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ

G5602

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OH-deh

Translations: here, hither, in this place, to this place

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating location or direction, meaning 'here' or 'to this place'. It is used to point to a specific location or to indicate movement towards the speaker or a particular spot. For example, it can be used in commands like 'Come here!' or to state that something is located 'here'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΝΘΑΔΕ, ΕΝΤΑΥΘΑ

Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *ho- (this) and the locative suffix -de. It indicates proximity to the speaker.

G0520

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pakh-THEE-teh

Translations: be led away, be carried away, be brought away, be taken away

Notes: This word is an aorist passive imperative, second person plural, of the verb ἀπάγω (apagō). It means "to be led away," "to be carried away," or "to be brought away." It is a command directed at a group of people, instructing them to be taken or conducted from one place to another, often implying a forceful or involuntary removal.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Imperative, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G5319

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: fah-neh-RAH

Translations: manifest, evident, visible, clear, plain, open, openly, clearly, plainly

Notes: This word describes something that is visible, clear, or openly displayed. As an adjective, it can describe a noun, indicating that the noun is manifest or evident. As an adverb, it describes an action, indicating that something is done openly or clearly. It can refer to things that are revealed or brought into the light, often in contrast to things that are hidden or secret.

Inflection: Neuter Plural (Nominative, Accusative, Vocative) or Feminine Singular (Nominative, Vocative)

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΣ, ΕΜΦΑΝΗΣ, ΠΡΟΔΗΛΟΣ

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai

Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G226

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-lay-THYOO-eh-teh

Translations: speak the truth, tell the truth, be truthful

Notes: This verb means to speak or tell the truth, or to be truthful in one's actions and words. It implies integrity and sincerity in communication. It can be used in various contexts where honesty is emphasized, such as in legal proceedings, moral exhortations, or general discourse.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative or Imperative, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ ΤΗΝ ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑΝ, ΕΙΜΙ ΑΛΗΘΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἀληθής (alēthēs), meaning 'true', which is derived from ἀ- (a-, 'not') and λήθη (lēthē, 'forgetfulness'). Thus, it means 'not forgotten' or 'unconcealed', implying truth as that which is revealed or evident.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G3376, G3378

Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: MAYN

Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly

Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.

Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ

Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.

G5087

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-theh-toh

Translations: he placed, she placed, it placed, he put, she put, it put, he laid, she laid, it laid, he made, she made, it made, he appointed, she appointed, it appointed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative form of the verb 'τίθημι' (tithemi), meaning 'to place,' 'to put,' 'to lay,' 'to make,' or 'to appoint.' It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It can be used in sentences like 'He placed the book on the table' or 'She appointed him as leader.' The middle/passive voice suggests the subject either performed the action for themselves or had the action done to them.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ἘΒΑΛΕΝ, ἘΠΟΙΗΣΕΝ, ἘΘΗΚΕΝ

G5438

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foo-LAH-kay

Translations: guard, a guard, prison, a prison, watch, a watch, custody, a custody, keeping, a keeping

Notes: This word refers to a guard, a place of confinement like a prison, or the act of guarding or keeping. It can also denote a watch or a period of time during which a watch is kept, such as a night watch. It is used to describe both the person who guards and the place or action of guarding.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΡΙΟΝ, ΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ, ΦΡΟΥΡΑ

Etymology: From the verb φυλάσσω (phylassō), meaning 'to guard, watch, or preserve'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1473

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G2722

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tas-kheh-THEH-toh

Translations: let him be held, let him be detained, let him be restrained, let him be kept, let him be possessed

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΕΧΩ (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. In this form, it is an imperative, meaning it expresses a command or instruction. It signifies the action of holding someone or something down, detaining them, or restraining them, often implying a forceful or authoritative action. It can also mean to possess or occupy.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Imperative

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ, ΚΩΛΥΩ

G2609

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-GAH-geh-teh

Translations: bring down, lead down, take down, carry down, lower

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb ἄγω (ago, meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'). It generally means to bring something or someone from a higher place to a lower one, or to lead someone down to a specific location. It can be used in various contexts, such as bringing a ship to shore, leading people into a city, or bringing an object down from a height.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΚΑΤΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G0599

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-poh-tha-NEH-ee-stheh

Translations: you will die, you shall die

Notes: This word means 'to die' or 'to be put to death'. It is used to indicate a future action of dying or being killed. It is often used in a declarative sense, stating a future consequence or event.

Inflection: Future, Passive, Indicative, 2nd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΘΝῌΣΚΩ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποθνῄσκω (apothnēiskō) is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb θνῄσκω (thnēiskō), meaning 'to die'. The prefix intensifies the meaning of dying or indicates a separation from life.

G3483

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: NAH-ee

Translations: yes, truly, indeed, even so, assuredly

Notes: This word is an adverb used to express affirmation, agreement, or strong assertion. It can be translated as 'yes' in response to a question, or 'truly' and 'indeed' to emphasize a statement. It often conveys a sense of certainty or confirmation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΜΗΝ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΝΑΙ' comes from an ancient Greek particle expressing affirmation. Its origin is uncertain, but it is found in various forms across different Indo-European languages with similar meanings of affirmation or assent.

G0266

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-mar-TEE-ah

Translations: sin, a sin, offense, trespass

Notes: This word refers to a sin, an offense, or a trespass against divine law or moral principles. It describes an act of missing the mark or failing to achieve a goal, particularly in a moral or ethical sense. It is commonly used to denote a transgression or a moral failing.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ἁμαρτάνω (hamartanō), meaning 'to miss the mark, to err, to sin'. It is formed from the privative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not') and 'μέρος' (meros, meaning 'part' or 'share'), implying a failure to obtain a share or to hit the target.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FOO

Translations: (of) a brother, (of) the brother, (of) a fellow believer, (of) the fellow believer, (of) a kinsman

Notes: This word refers to a brother by birth, or more broadly, a fellow human being, a kinsman, or a fellow believer in a religious context. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession, origin, or relationship.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΝΗΡ, ΣΥΝΔΟΥΛΟΣ

G5237

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-per-EE-doh-men

Translations: we overlooked, we disregarded, we despised, we looked down on

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ὑπέρ (hyper, meaning 'over' or 'above') and the verb ὁράω (horaō, meaning 'to see'). Together, it means to look over, overlook, disregard, or despise. It implies a failure to notice or a deliberate act of ignoring something or someone, often with a sense of contempt or neglect. In a sentence, it would be used to describe the action of a group of people who overlooked or disregarded something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, First Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΘΕΤΕΩ, ΑΜΕΛΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΩ

G2347

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THLIP-sin

Translations: tribulation, affliction, distress, trouble, a tribulation, an affliction, a distress, a trouble

Notes: This word refers to a state of pressure, oppression, or suffering. It can describe physical hardship, emotional distress, or persecution. It is often used in contexts of severe trouble or difficulty that one experiences.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ, ΠΑΘΟΣ, ΔΟΚΙΜΑΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΘΛΙΨΙΣ (thlipsis) comes from the verb θλίβω (thlibō), meaning 'to press, to squeeze, to crush'. It conveys the idea of being under pressure or being hemmed in.

G5590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: psy-KHES

Translations: of soul, of a soul, of life, of a life, of mind, of a mind, of self, of a self

Notes: This word refers to the soul, life, mind, or self. It can denote the vital breath, the seat of emotions and intellect, or the individual person. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΨΥΧΗ (psyche) originates from the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow'. This connection highlights its primary meaning related to the breath of life.

G3753

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OH-teh

Translations: when, whenever, at which time

Notes: This word functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, indicating a point or period in time. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies when an action occurs or occurred, similar to 'when' or 'whenever' in English. It can refer to a specific past event or a general, recurring condition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΗΝΙΚΑ, ΟΠΟΤΕ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the particle 'te' (then, at that time). It originally meant 'at that time when'.

G2644

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-DEH-eh-toh

Translations: he was begging, he was entreating, he was imploring

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb δέομαι (deomai), meaning 'to beg' or 'to entreat'. The combined meaning emphasizes the earnestness or intensity of the request. It describes an action of making a strong, persistent plea or supplication. It is used in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ, ΙΚΕΤΕΥΩ

Etymology: The verb ΚΑΤΑΔΕΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΔΕΟΜΑΙ (deomai), meaning 'to beg' or 'to pray'. ΔΕΟΜΑΙ itself is derived from ΔΕΩ (deo), meaning 'to bind' or 'to lack', suggesting a sense of being bound by need or lacking something, leading to the act of entreaty.

G1522

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ice-ah-KOO-sah-men

Translations: we heard, we listened, we obeyed, we gave heed

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from εἰς (eis, 'into, to') and ἀκούω (akouō, 'to hear'). It means to hear into something, to listen attentively, or to obey. It implies not just hearing a sound, but giving heed to what is heard, often leading to compliance or understanding. It is used to describe the act of listening and responding to a command, a prayer, or a message.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ

Etymology: The word εἰσακούω is a compound of the preposition εἰς (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ἀκούω (akouō), meaning 'to hear'. It signifies hearing with a specific direction or purpose, leading to attention or obedience.

G1752

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EN-eh-ken

Translations: because of, on account of, for the sake of, (of) for, (of) by reason of

Notes: ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an improper preposition that typically takes the genitive case, meaning 'because of' or 'on account of'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'for this reason' or 'therefore'. It is used to express the cause or reason behind an action or state.

Inflection: Does not inflect; takes the genitive case when used as a preposition.

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ, ΧΑΡΙΝ

Etymology: The word ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an ancient Greek word, likely formed from the preposition 'en' (in) and a form related to 'heka' (on account of). It has been in use since classical Greek and continued into Koine Greek.

G1909, G2064

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-AYL-then

Translations: came upon, came over, came, went, arrived, attacked, befell

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over,' and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go.' In this form, it means 'he/she/it came upon,' 'came over,' 'befell,' or 'attacked.' It describes an action of coming or going that has an impact or effect on something or someone, often implying an arrival or an onset, such as a curse or a calamity coming upon someone.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΗΛΘΕΝ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΠΡΟΣΗΛΘΕΝ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: EHF

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by

Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.

Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G2347

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THLIP-sis

Translations: tribulation, affliction, distress, trouble, anguish, a tribulation, an affliction

Notes: This word refers to a state of pressure, oppression, or distress. It can describe physical suffering, emotional anguish, or difficult circumstances that cause trouble and hardship. It is often used in the context of persecution or severe trials.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ, ΠΙΕΣΙΣ, ΔΟΚΙΜΗ

Etymology: From the verb θλίβω (thlibō), meaning 'to press, to squeeze, to oppress'. It describes the act or state of being pressed or afflicted.

G0611

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-kree-THEIS

Translations: having answered, answering, replied, having replied

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle of the verb 'to answer' or 'to reply'. It describes an action that has already occurred, often translated as 'having answered' or 'having replied'. It is typically used to introduce a statement or action that is a response to something previously said or done, functioning adverbially to describe the manner or timing of the main verb.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕἸΠΩΝ, ΛΕΓΩΝ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1567

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-zee-TAY-tai

Translations: is sought, is searched for, is inquired after, is demanded

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ζητέω (zēteō), meaning 'to seek' or 'to search'. Therefore, it means 'to seek out', 'to search for thoroughly', or 'to inquire diligently'. In this form, it is in the passive voice, indicating that the subject is the one being sought or searched for. It can be used to describe something that is being earnestly looked for or demanded.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΑΝΑΖΗΤΕΩ

G1492

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-DAY-san

Translations: they knew, they had known

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'oida', meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. It describes an action of knowing that occurred in the past, often with an emphasis on the completion of the action. It can be used in sentences like 'They knew the truth' or 'They had known the way'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: The word ΟΙΔΑ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, meaning 'to see' or 'to know'. It is related to English words like 'wit' and 'wisdom'.

G0191

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-KOO-eh

Translations: hears, listens, obeys, understands

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to hear, listen, or perceive sounds. It can also imply understanding what is heard or, in some contexts, to obey or give heed to something. It describes the action of receiving auditory information.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ

Etymology: The word ἈΚΟΥΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₂kowh₂- 'to hear'. It is related to Latin 'audio' (to hear) and English 'acoustic'.

G0303

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Prefix

Sounds like: ah-NAH

Translations: up, upward, again, back, each, per, through, among, by, on, upon

Notes: ἈΝΑ is a versatile Koine Greek word that can function as a preposition, an adverb, or a prefix in compound words. As a preposition, it typically takes the accusative case and signifies movement 'up' or 'upward', or distribution 'each' or 'per'. As an adverb, it can mean 'up' or 'upward'. When used as a prefix, it often conveys meanings such as 'up', 'back', 'again', or 're-'. For example, in 'ἈΝΑΣΤΗΘΙ' (anastethi), it means 'stand up' or 'rise up'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'on, upon, up'.

G0654

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-pos-trah-FEIS

Translations: having turned away, turning back, having returned, turning away, returning

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'apostrephō', meaning 'to turn away' or 'to return'. It describes an action of turning back or away from something or someone. It is often used to indicate a change of direction, a departure, or a physical turning around. In a sentence, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to describe the subject's action of turning.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ἘΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ἈΝΑΚΑΜΠΤΩ

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LAH-ben

Translations: he took, she took, it took, he received, she received, it received

Notes: This is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It can be used to describe someone taking an object, receiving something, or even grasping an idea.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

G1210

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DEH-sen

Translations: he bound, he tied, he imprisoned, he put in chains

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'δέω' (deō), meaning 'to bind,' 'to tie,' or 'to imprison.' It describes an action completed in the past by a single subject, indicating that 'he' or 'she' bound, tied, or imprisoned something or someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΔΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΕΩ, ΔΕΣΜΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word 'δέω' (deō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to tie' or 'to bind.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G1727

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: eh-NAN-tee-on

Translations: opposite, contrary, hostile, in the presence of, before, against, an opposite thing

Notes: This word can function as an adjective, an adverb, or a preposition. As an adjective, it describes something as being opposite or contrary. As an adverb, it means 'opposite' or 'over against'. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case and means 'in the presence of', 'before', or 'against'. It denotes a position or action in opposition to or in front of something or someone.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΝ (in) and ἈΝΤΙΟΣ (opposite, facing).

G0591

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-doo-NAI

Translations: to give back, to pay back, to render, to restore, to repay, to return

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἀποδίδωμι (apodidōmi). It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'back', and the verb δίδωμι (didōmi), meaning 'to give'. Therefore, it literally means 'to give back' or 'to give away from oneself'. It is used to express the action of returning something, paying a debt, rendering what is due, or restoring something to its original state or owner. It can be used in contexts of financial transactions, fulfilling obligations, or divine retribution.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΔΙΔΟΝΑΙ, ἈΠΟΤΙΝΕΙΝ, ἈΠΟΚΑΘΙΣΤΑΝ

G0694

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-GY-ree-on

Translations: silver, a silver coin, money, a piece of money

Notes: This word refers to silver, either as the metal itself or, more commonly in the New Testament, as silver coins or money in general. It is often used to denote wealth or payment. For example, it can refer to the thirty pieces of silver Judas received for betraying Jesus.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΡΓΥΡΟΣ, ΧΡΗΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἀργύριον (argyriōn), which is a diminutive of ἄργυρος (argyros), meaning 'silver'. It refers to something made of silver or a small piece of silver.

G1538

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-KAS-too

Translations: of each, of every, of everyone, of each one

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective/pronoun 'each' or 'every'. It is used to refer to individual members of a group, emphasizing their distinctness. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'of each man') or as a pronoun standing alone (e.g., 'of each one').

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word ΕΚΑΣΤΟΣ (hekastos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *sek- meaning 'to cut' or 'to separate', implying 'each one separately'.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-geh-NEE-thay

Translations: was, became, happened, came to pass, occurred, was made

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative passive (or deponent middle) form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into being,' or 'to be made.' It describes an action that occurred in the past, indicating a change of state or an event taking place. For example, it can be used to say 'he/she/it became' or 'it happened.'

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive (or Deponent Middle), 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G2007

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ep-ee-THEN-tes

Translations: having placed upon, having laid upon, having put upon, having imposed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to place upon' or 'to lay upon'. It describes an action that has already occurred, indicating that someone or something has been placed or laid upon another object or person. It is often used to describe the act of placing hands on someone (e.g., for healing or blessing), or placing an object on a surface.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΠΙΒΑΛΛΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G3089

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: LOO-sas

Translations: having loosed, having untied, having released, having destroyed, having dissolved, having broken

Notes: ΛΥΣΑΣ is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ΛΥΩ, meaning 'to loose, untie, release, destroy, dissolve, or break.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed in the past relative to the main verb. It indicates that the subject has performed the action of loosing or releasing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΔΙΑΛΥΩ

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G2647

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-LYOO-sahn

Translations: they destroyed, they overthrew, they lodged, they stayed, they dissolved, they abolished

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb λύω (lyō, meaning 'to loose' or 'to release'). It can mean to destroy, overthrow, or abolish something, implying a complete breaking down or dissolution. It can also mean to lodge or stay somewhere, particularly for the night, implying a 'breaking down' of one's journey. The specific meaning often depends on the context.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΛΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb λύω (lyō), meaning 'to loose', 'to release', or 'to untie'. The combination suggests an action of 'loosing down' or 'breaking down'.

G1199

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DES-mon

Translations: bond, chain, fetter, prison, a bond, a chain, a fetter, a prison

Notes: This word refers to a bond, chain, or fetter, something that binds or holds a person or thing. It can also refer to a prison or a place of confinement. It is often used in the context of physical restraints or imprisonment, but can also metaphorically refer to spiritual or emotional bonds.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΛΥΣΙΣ, ΣΥΝΔΕΣΜΟΣ, ΠΕΔΗ

Etymology: From the verb δέω (deō), meaning 'to bind'.

G1883

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: eh-pa-NOH

Translations: above, over, on, upon, up, more than

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'above' or 'on top'. It can also be used as a preposition, often taking the genitive case, to indicate position 'over' or 'upon' something, or to mean 'more than' in a comparative sense. It describes location or superiority.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΠΙ, ὙΠΕΡ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and ἄνω (anō), meaning 'upwards' or 'above'.

G4750

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STOH-mah-tos

Translations: mouth, a mouth, (of) mouth, (of) a mouth

Notes: This word refers to the mouth, either literally as a part of the body (of humans or animals) or metaphorically as the source of speech, utterance, or command. It is often used in contexts related to speaking, declaring, or consuming.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΕΙΛΟΣ, ΦΩΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΟΜΑ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *stom-n-, meaning 'mouth'. It is related to words for mouth in other Indo-European languages.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FOYS

Translations: to brothers, to brethren, to fellow countrymen, to fellow believers

Notes: This word refers to brothers, both literal siblings and, more broadly, fellow members of a community, nation, or faith. It is often used in a figurative sense to denote close associates or fellow believers, emphasizing a bond of kinship or shared identity. In this dative plural form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to or for brothers/brethren'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΕΚΝΟΙΣ, ΟΜΟΓΕΝΕΣΙΝ

G0591

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-DOH-thee

Translations: was given back, was restored, was paid back, was rendered, was delivered

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from ἀπό (apo, 'from, back') and δίδωμι (didōmi, 'to give'). It means 'to give back,' 'to restore,' 'to pay back,' or 'to render.' In the provided context, it signifies something being returned or restored to someone, often implying a rightful return or a payment being made. It is used in the passive voice, indicating that the subject is receiving the action.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΑΠΟΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩ

G1839

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-ES-tay

Translations: he was amazed, he was astonished, he was beside himself, he was out of his mind

Notes: This word describes a state of being overwhelmed by emotion, such as astonishment, amazement, or even being out of one's senses. It literally means to 'stand out' or 'be put out of place,' implying a departure from one's normal state of mind due to a powerful experience. It is often used to describe someone who is so shocked or surprised that they are beside themselves.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ, ΘΑΥΜΑΖΩ

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G0518

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pang-GEH-ee-lan

Translations: they reported, they announced, they told, they declared, they brought back word

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and the verb ἀγγέλλω (aggellō, 'to announce, to report'). It means to bring a message from someone or somewhere, to report, announce, or declare. It is often used when conveying news or information, especially when it's a report back to someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΛΕΓΩ

G4819

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: soom-beh-bee-KO-tah

Translations: things that have happened, events, occurrences, incidents, circumstances

Notes: This word is the neuter plural perfect active participle of the verb 'συμβαίνω' (symbainō), meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'. When used in the neuter plural, it functions as a noun, referring to 'things that have happened' or 'events'. It describes the outcome or circumstances of a situation.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ

G2980

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: leh-LAH-lee-ken

Translations: has spoken, has said, has told

Notes: This word is the perfect active indicative form of the verb 'λαλέω' (laleō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. The perfect tense indicates an action that was completed in the past but has ongoing results or a continuing state in the present. Therefore, 'λελάληκεν' means 'he/she/it has spoken' or 'he/she/it has said', emphasizing the present effect of a past action.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΡΗΚΕΝ, ΦΩΝΗΚΕΝ

Etymology: The verb 'λαλέω' (laleō) is of uncertain origin, possibly onomatopoeic, imitating the sound of babbling or talking. It is related to the idea of uttering sounds or words.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AN-throh-poss

Translations: man, a man, human being, a human being, person, a person

Notes: This word refers to a human being, encompassing both male and female individuals. It is used broadly to denote mankind in general, or a specific person, often in contrast to God or animals. It can be used in various contexts to refer to any member of the human race.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΗΡ, ΒΡΟΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνθρώπος (anthrōpos), its origin is uncertain but possibly related to ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'eye, face'), or from a pre-Greek substrate.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss

Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir

Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G2684

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-skop-YOO-on-tahs

Translations: spying out, scouting, observing, reconnoitering

Notes: This word describes the action of secretly observing or investigating something, often with hostile intent or for strategic purposes. It implies a thorough and careful examination, much like a spy or scout would do. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'σκοπεύω' (to look, to observe).

Inflection: Present, Active, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΚΟΠΟΣ, ΣΚΟΠΕΥΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΠΤΟΜΑΙ

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-PAH-men

Translations: we said, we spoke, we told

Notes: This word is the first person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates a completed action of speaking or saying something by a group of people (we). It is often used to introduce direct or indirect speech.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΟΜΕΝ, ΛΑΛΟΥΜΕΝ

Etymology: The verb ΕἸΠΩ (eipo) is an aorist stem that functions as the aorist of ΛΕΓΩ (legō). Its origin is complex, drawing from various Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking and telling.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: lah-BON-tes

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed. It often conveys the sense of 'having taken' or 'having received' and can be used to introduce a subordinate clause, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main action. For example, 'having taken the letter, they did not hurry'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

G0565

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-EL-tha-teh

Translations: go away, depart, go, leave

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to go away' or 'to depart'. It is formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It is often used as a command or instruction for multiple people to leave a place or situation.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΓΕΤΕ, ΕΞΕΛΘΑΤΕ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΗΣΑΤΕ

Etymology: The verb ἀπέρχομαι (aperchomai) is a compound of the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

G1097

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: gno-SOH-mai

Translations: I will know, I shall know, I will come to know, I will understand

Notes: This word is a verb in the future tense, middle voice, first person singular. It means 'I will know' or 'I shall know'. It refers to the act of acquiring knowledge or coming to an understanding in the future. It can also imply a personal or experiential knowledge, not just intellectual understanding.

Inflection: Future, Middle Voice, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: The word γινώσκω (ginōskō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃- meaning 'to know'. It is related to English 'know' and Latin 'gnoscere'.

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G0591

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: Ah-po-DOH-soh

Translations: I will give back, I will repay, I will restore, I will render, I will pay back

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning to give back, repay, restore, or render what is due. It is used to express a future action of returning something or fulfilling an obligation. For example, it can be used in the context of repaying a debt, returning an item, or rendering an account.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΑΠΟΤΙΝΩ

Etymology: From the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'back', and the verb δίδωμι (didōmi), meaning 'to give'.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-neh-toh

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it became, it was, it came into being

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative middle/passive of the verb γίνομαι (ginomai). It signifies an event that occurred or a state that came into existence in the past. It is frequently used to introduce a new event or development in a narrative, often translated as 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'. It can also describe something becoming or being made into something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G2758

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-keh-NOON

Translations: to empty, to make empty, to pour out, to pour forth

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely', and the verb 'κενόω' (kenoo), meaning 'to empty'. It means to completely empty something, to pour out its contents, or to make something void. It can be used in contexts where a container is emptied or a substance is poured out.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΚΚΕΝΟΩ, ΕΚΧΕΩ, ΑΔΕΙΑΖΩ

Etymology: The verb 'κενόω' (kenoo) comes from the adjective 'κενός' (kenos), meaning 'empty' or 'void'. The prefix 'κατά' (kata) intensifies the meaning, indicating a complete action of emptying.

G4526

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SAK-koh

Translations: (to) sackcloth, (in) sackcloth, a sackcloth

Notes: This word refers to a coarse fabric, typically made of goat's hair, used for sacks or as a garment of mourning or penitence. In the provided context, it is used in the dative case, indicating the material or state in which an action occurs, often alongside fasting and ashes, signifying deep humility, repentance, or distress.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΠΟΔΟΣ, ΤΕΦΡΑ

Etymology: The word ΣΑΚΚΟΣ (sakkōs) is of Semitic origin, likely from Hebrew שַׂק (saq), meaning 'sack' or 'sackcloth'. It entered Greek and then Latin, influencing many European languages.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-DON

Translations: I saw, they saw, he saw, she saw, it saw

Notes: This is a form of the verb 'to see' or 'to perceive'. Specifically, it is an aorist indicative form, which describes an action that happened at a specific point in the past, without emphasizing its duration or completion. It can be used for various subjects, such as 'I saw', 'he/she/it saw', or 'they saw', depending on the context.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, First Person Singular or Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΕἸΔΟΝ

Etymology: The root verb 'ὁράω' (horaō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see' or 'to watch'.

G5399

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-fo-BEE-thay-san

Translations: they feared, they were afraid

Notes: This word means 'they feared' or 'they were afraid'. It describes an action of experiencing fear or being struck with terror, performed by a group of people in the past. It is often used to describe a strong emotional reaction to something awe-inspiring or dangerous.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΔΩ, ΤΡΕΜΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek φόβος (phobos, “fear”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰegʷ- (“to flee”).

G5047

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-tek-NO-sah-teh

Translations: you have made childless, you have bereaved of children, you have deprived of children

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make childless' or 'to deprive of children'. It is used to describe the act of causing someone to lose their children, often through death or separation. It is a compound word formed from τέκνον (child) and the verb ending -όω (to make, to cause).

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 2nd Person, Plural

Etymology: The verb τεκνόω (teknoō) is derived from the noun τέκνον (teknon), meaning 'child', and the suffix -όω, which forms verbs indicating causation or making. Thus, it literally means 'to make a child' or 'to make childless'.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: LEEM-pseh-stheh

Translations: you will take, you will receive, you will get

Notes: This word is a future tense form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambano), which means 'to take', 'to receive', or 'to get'. In this specific form, 'λήμψεσθε' (lēmpsesthe), it means 'you (plural) will take/receive/get'. It is used when referring to an action that a group of people will perform in the future, such as receiving a gift or taking possession of something.

Inflection: Future, Middle/Passive, Indicative, 2nd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *sleǵ- ('to grasp, seize'). In Koine Greek, it developed from the earlier form 'λαμβάνω'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G0615

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pok-TEI-non

Translations: kill, slay, murder

Notes: This word means to kill, slay, or murder. It is often used in the context of taking a life, whether intentionally or unintentionally. In the provided examples, it is used as an imperative, giving a command to kill.

Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποκτείνω (apokteinō) is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κτείνω (kteinō), meaning 'to kill' or 'to slay'.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doss

Translations: give

Notes: This word is the second person singular, aorist active imperative form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It is used to issue a direct command or instruction to a single person, equivalent to saying 'Give!' or 'You give!'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word δίδωμι (didomi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃- meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present stem, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs.

G321

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-NAX-oh

Translations: I will bring up, I will lead up, I will bring back, I will lead back, I will restore

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb ἄγω (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. In the future tense, it means 'I will bring up' or 'I will lead up', often implying a movement from a lower to a higher place, or a return to a previous state or location. It can also mean to restore or bring back.

Inflection: Future Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΦΕΡΩ, ἈΝΑΒΙΒΑΖΩ

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HUI-os

Translations: son, a son

Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: meth

Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with

Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).

G3441

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MOH-nos

Translations: only, alone, single, a single one

Notes: This word describes something as being unique, solitary, or singular. It emphasizes exclusivity, meaning 'one and no other'. It can be used to describe a person, object, or concept that stands by itself or is the sole instance of something. For example, it can refer to someone being 'alone' or 'the only one' of a kind.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular. This word inflects for gender, number, and case (e.g., feminine ΜΟΝΗ, neuter ΜΟΝΟΝ, plural ΜΟΝΟΙ).

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ, ΕΙΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *mon- (to remain, stay). It is related to the idea of being fixed or standing alone.

G2641

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-ta-le-LEEP-tai

Translations: it has been left, it is left, it remains, he has been left, he is left, it has been abandoned, it is abandoned

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb λείπω (leipō, meaning 'to leave'). It means 'to be left behind,' 'to remain,' or 'to be abandoned.' It is used to describe something or someone that has been left in a particular state or place, often implying that it is the only thing remaining or that it has been forsaken.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Perfect Indicative, Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ

G3129

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mah-lah-kees-THEE-nai

Translations: to become soft, to become weak, to be effeminate, to be cowardly, to be faint-hearted

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive of the verb 'malakizō'. It describes the action of becoming soft, weak, or losing one's resolve. It can imply a physical softening or, more commonly, a moral or psychological weakening, leading to cowardice or effeminacy. It is often used to describe a lack of courage or manliness in the face of adversity.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΝΔΡΙΖΩ, ΔΕΙΛΙΑΩ, ΕΚΛΥΟΜΑΙ

G3598

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oh-DOH

Translations: to a way, to a road, to a journey, to a path, to a course, to a manner, to a way of life, to a custom, to a means, to a method, to a direction, to a journey, to a travel, to a passage, to a street, to a highway, to a route, to a track, to a trail

Notes: This word refers to a way, road, or path, and can also metaphorically mean a journey, course of action, or manner of life. It is used to indicate movement along a physical route or to describe a particular custom or method. In this dative form, it often indicates the recipient or direction of an action, or the means by which something is done.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΘΟΣ, ΠΟΡΕΙΑ

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G2608