2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1080

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: gen-nee-THEN-tos

Translations: of having been born, of being begotten, of having been begotten

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to beget' or 'to give birth'. It describes someone or something that has been born or begotten. As a genitive participle, it often functions like a possessive or describes the origin or source of something, typically translated with 'of having been born' or 'of being begotten'. It can refer to physical birth or spiritual regeneration.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΙΚΤΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΕΝΝΑΩ comes from the Greek word ΓΕΝΟΣ (genos), meaning 'race, stock, kin', which is related to the concept of origin and birth.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G0965

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: BETH-leh-em

Translations: Bethlehem

Notes: Bethlehem is a proper noun referring to a town in Judea, known as the birthplace of King David and, according to the New Testament, of Jesus Christ. It is a compound word, meaning 'house of bread' or 'house of food'. The apostrophe at the end is a keraia, indicating that the word is being used as a numeral, or a coronis, indicating an elision, but in this context, it is most likely a scribal mark or a variant spelling of the proper noun.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The name Bethlehem is of Hebrew origin, from 'Bayith Lechem', meaning 'house of bread' or 'house of food'. It is an ancient Semitic place name.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G2250

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hay-MEH-res

Translations: days, a day

Notes: This word is a noun referring to a 'day' or a period of time. In its plural form, 'ΗΜΕΡΕΣ' means 'days'. It can be used to denote a literal 24-hour period, or a more general period, era, or appointed time. It is a common word in Koine Greek, frequently appearing in contexts related to time, such as 'many days' or 'on that day'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΙ, ΚΑΙΡΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'ΗΜΕΡΑ' (day) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be hot' or 'to shine'. It is related to Latin 'dies' (day).

G3097

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MAH-goy

Translations: magi, wise men, sorcerers, magicians, enchanters

Notes: This word refers to a class of ancient Persian priests or wise men, often associated with astrology and the interpretation of dreams. In the New Testament, it specifically refers to the 'wise men' who visited the infant Jesus. It can also refer to practitioners of magic or sorcery, sometimes with a negative connotation.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΟΦΟΙ, ΕΠΑΟΙΔΟΙ, ΓΟΗΤΕΣ

Etymology: From Old Persian maguš, referring to a member of the priestly caste of ancient Persia. It entered Greek through various intermediaries.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G3854

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-reh-GEH-non-toh

Translations: they came, they arrived, they were present

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside,' and the verb γίνομαι (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to be.' Together, it means 'to come alongside,' 'to arrive,' or 'to be present.' It describes the act of someone or a group of people arriving at a particular place or being present at an event.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, in, among, until, unto, a, one

Notes: This word is most commonly a preposition meaning 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or purpose. It can also function as a numeral meaning 'one' or 'a single one'. Its meaning can vary depending on the context, often indicating direction, purpose, or result. When used as a numeral, it refers to a single entity.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); Nominative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter, Singular (as a numeral)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΕΙΣ (eis) comes from a primary preposition of direction. The numeral ΕΙΣ (heis) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The form ΙΣ is a common uncial spelling for both.

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G2414

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-roh-SO-loo-mah

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word refers to Jerusalem, the capital city of ancient Judea and a significant religious center for Jews and Christians. It is often used in the context of travel to or from the city, or events that took place within it.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive (indeclinable in some contexts), Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely derived from 'Urusalim', meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It has been known by various names throughout history.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G5088

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: tekh-THEYS

Translations: born, begotten, brought forth

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'ΤΙΚΤΩ' (tikto), meaning 'to beget' or 'to give birth'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that has been born or brought forth. It is often used to refer to a child who has been born.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΗΘΕΙΣ, ΦΥΕΙΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. The verb 'ΤΙΚΤΩ' (tikto) means 'to beget' or 'to give birth', and it is the root from which 'ΤΕΧΘΕΙΣ' is derived.

G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-DOH-men

Translations: we saw, we have seen, let us see, we might see

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horaō), meaning 'to see'. It is used to express the action of seeing performed by a group, specifically 'we'. Depending on the context, it can function as an aorist indicative (we saw/have seen) or an aorist subjunctive (let us see/we might see). The subjunctive form is often used in exhortations or expressions of possibility.

Inflection: First Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative or Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ

G1492

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-doh-men

Translations: we have seen, we saw, we know, we have known

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'we saw' or 'we have seen,' derived from the root verb related to seeing or knowing. It can also mean 'we know' or 'we have known,' as in ancient Greek, the perfect tense of 'to see' often implies 'to know' (having seen, one knows). It describes an action completed in the past by a group (we) that results in a present state of knowledge or a past observation.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist Indicative Active or Perfect Indicative Active

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΟΜΕΝ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΜΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the concept of seeing or perceiving. In Greek, it developed into a verb whose perfect tense came to signify knowledge.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G0395

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-toh-LEE

Translations: east, sunrise, dawn, rising, a rising

Notes: This word refers to the direction from which the sun rises, hence 'east'. It can also denote the act of rising itself, such as the rising of the sun or a star, or the dawning of a new day. In a metaphorical sense, it can refer to the 'dayspring' or 'branch' as a messianic title.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΤΕΛΛΩ, ΑΝΑΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: From the Greek verb 'ἀνατέλλω' (anatellō), meaning 'to rise up' or 'to cause to rise'. It combines 'ἀνά' (ana), meaning 'up', and 'τέλλω' (tellō), meaning 'to accomplish' or 'to rise'.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G5015

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-ta-RAKH-thay

Translations: he was troubled, she was troubled, it was troubled, he was stirred up, she was stirred up, it was stirred up, he was disturbed, she was disturbed, it was disturbed

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'tarasso'. It describes an action that happened in the past, where the subject was troubled, stirred up, or disturbed by an external force. It can refer to a person being emotionally agitated, or to a physical disturbance like water being stirred.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΑΡΑΣΣΩ, ΘΟΡΥΒΕΩ, ΚΙΝΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ΤΑΡΑΣΣΩ (tarasso) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or from an imitative root suggesting agitation or stirring.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: MET

Translations: with, after, among, by, in, through, of, to

Notes: ΜΕΤʼ is an elided form of the Koine Greek preposition μετά (meta). The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel of μετά has been dropped before a word beginning with a vowel or a smooth breathing. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or accompaniment. When used with the accusative case, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence in time or space. It can also convey ideas of means, instrument, or cause in certain contexts.

Inflection: Elided form of μετά (meta). Governs the Genitive or Accusative case.

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'middle' or 'between'.

G4863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soo-na-ga-GOH

Translations: I may gather, I may collect, I may assemble, I may bring together

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to gather,' 'to collect,' or 'to assemble.' It is often used to describe the act of bringing people or things together in one place. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'ἄγω' (to lead or bring).

Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΑΘΡΟΙΖΩ, ΣΥΛΛΕΓΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΑΓΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb ΑΓΩ (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring.' It has been used since ancient Greek times to denote the action of bringing things or people together.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khi-eh-REIS

Translations: high priests, chief priests

Notes: This word refers to the high priests or chief priests, who were leading figures in the Jewish religious hierarchy, especially during the Second Temple period. It is a compound word formed from 'ΑΡΧΩΝ' (ruler, chief) and 'ΙΕΡΕΥΣ' (priest), literally meaning 'chief priest'. These individuals held significant religious and political authority.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣ' is a compound of 'ΑΡΧΩΝ' (archon), meaning 'ruler' or 'chief', and 'ΙΕΡΕΥΣ' (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It describes the head or chief among the priests.

G0746

Part of Speech: Prefix, Noun

Sounds like: AR-khee

Translations: chief, first, beginning, rule, ruler, authority, a beginning, a rule, a ruler

Notes: This word functions primarily as a prefix meaning 'chief' or 'first', indicating a position of leadership, origin, or preeminence. It can also stand alone as a noun, referring to a beginning, a rule, or a ruler. It is often used in compound words to denote the head or leader of a group or concept.

Inflection: This form is typically used as a prefix. As a noun, it is an indeclinable form of the root noun ΑΡΧΗ, often found in compounds or as a dative singular form (though the dative singular would typically be ΑΡΧΗΙ or ΑΡΧῌ). Given the lack of diacritics, it could also be interpreted as the nominative/accusative/vocative plural of a neuter noun, though less common for this root.

Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΕΦΑΛΗ

G1122

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: grah-mah-TAYSS

Translations: scribes, secretaries, clerks

Notes: This word refers to individuals who were skilled in writing, often serving as copyists, record-keepers, or public notaries. In ancient societies, especially in Jewish contexts, scribes were highly respected for their knowledge of the law and scriptures, often acting as interpreters and teachers. They could also serve in administrative roles for kings or officials.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΟΙ, ΝΟΜΙΚΟΙ

Etymology: From γράμμα (gramma, "a letter, writing") and the suffix -εύς (-eus, indicating an agent or profession). It literally means "one who deals with letters or writing."

G4441

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PYN-tha-neh-toh

Translations: he was inquiring, he was asking, he was learning, he was finding out

Notes: This word is the third person singular, imperfect middle/passive indicative form of the verb 'πυνθάνομαι' (punthanomai). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that someone 'was inquiring,' 'was asking,' 'was learning,' or 'was finding out' something. It often implies a process of seeking information or discovering facts.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G5547

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: khree-STOS

Translations: Christ, the Anointed One, the Messiah

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ (CHRISTOS). It refers to Christ, the Anointed One, or the Messiah. It is primarily used as a title for Jesus, indicating his role as the divinely appointed deliverer.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb χρίω (chrio), meaning 'to anoint'. It refers to someone who has been consecrated or set apart by anointing, a practice common in ancient Israel for kings, priests, and prophets.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-pahn

Translations: they said, they spoke

Notes: This word is a third-person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an action of speaking or saying that occurred in the past and is viewed as a completed event. It is used to report what a group of people said.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The verb 'λέγω' (legō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to collect, gather', which evolved to mean 'to pick out, count, tell, say' in Greek.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G1646

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-LAKH-is-tay

Translations: least, smallest, very small, a very small, a least

Notes: This word is the superlative form of an adjective meaning 'small' or 'little'. It describes something as being the absolute smallest or least in quantity, degree, or importance. It is used to emphasize the minimal nature of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΧΙΣΤΟΝ, ΕΛΑΧΙΣΤΟΥ

Etymology: Derived from the Greek word 'elachys' (ἔλαχυς), meaning 'small' or 'little', which itself is related to 'oligos' (ὀλίγος), meaning 'few' or 'small'.

G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: AY

Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be

Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.

G1537, G1803

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: eks

Translations: out of, from, by, of, six

Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ

Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G1831

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-el-EU-se-tai

Translations: he will go out, she will go out, it will go out, he will come out, she will come out, it will come out

Notes: This word describes the action of moving from an inside place to an outside place, or from one state to another. It is often used to indicate departure, emergence, or the act of coming forth. It can refer to a person, animal, or even an abstract concept like a word or a spirit. In a sentence, it would typically be used as the main verb indicating future action.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G3748

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: HOS-tis

Translations: whoever, whatever, whichever, anyone who, anything which, everyone who, everything which

Notes: This is a compound relative pronoun, formed from the relative pronoun ὅς (who, which) and the indefinite pronoun τις (anyone, someone). It is used to introduce a relative clause and conveys a sense of indefiniteness or generality, meaning 'whoever' or 'whatever'. It can refer to persons or things and is used when the antecedent is not specific or is unknown.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G3097

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mah-GOOS

Translations: magi, wise men, sorcerers, magicians

Notes: This word refers to a member of the priestly caste of ancient Persia, often associated with astrology and the interpretation of dreams. In the New Testament, it specifically refers to the 'wise men' who visited the infant Jesus. It can also refer to sorcerers or practitioners of magic, sometimes with a negative connotation.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΠΑΟΙΔΟΣ, ΦΑΡΜΑΚΟΣ, ΧΑΛΔΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Old Persian maguš, referring to a member of the priestly caste of Zoroastrianism. It entered Greek through various channels and came to denote a magician or sorcerer.

G196

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-kree-BO-sen

Translations: he inquired carefully, he ascertained exactly, he learned accurately, he determined precisely

Notes: This verb describes the action of making a careful and exact inquiry or investigation to ascertain something precisely. It implies a thoroughness in seeking out information or determining a fact. It is often used in contexts where someone is trying to learn the exact details or circumstances of an event.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΤΑΖΩ, ΕΞΑΚΡΙΒΟΩ

Etymology: From the adjective ΑΚΡΙΒΗΣ (AKRIBES), meaning 'exact, precise, accurate'. The verb form means 'to make exact' or 'to ascertain exactly'.

G5316

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: fah-ee-no-MEH-noo

Translations: appearing, being seen, being shown, being revealed, being brought to light, of appearing, of being seen, of being shown, of being revealed, of being brought to light

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to appear' or 'to shine'. It describes something that is in the process of appearing, being seen, or being revealed. It can refer to something that is becoming visible or manifest. In a sentence, it would function like an adjective or adverb, describing the state or action of another noun or verb, often indicating that something is 'the one appearing' or 'the one being seen'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΧΝΥΜΕΝΟΥ, ΕΚΦΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΥ

G3992

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: PEM-psas

Translations: having sent, one who sent, he who sent, when he had sent

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'πέμπω' (pempō), meaning 'to send'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that occurred prior to the main verb. It can be translated as 'having sent' or 'one who sent', indicating the person or thing that performed the action of sending.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOOS

Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: por-yoo-THEN-tes

Translations: having gone, going, went, departed

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having gone' or 'having departed'. It describes an action that has been completed before the main verb of the sentence. It is often used to indicate the manner or circumstance of the main action, functioning similarly to an adverbial clause in English. For example, 'Having gone, they advised him' or 'They went and advised him'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G0199

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ah-kree-BOHSS

Translations: accurately, exactly, precisely, strictly, carefully, diligently

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'accurately,' 'exactly,' or 'precisely.' It describes an action performed with great care, thoroughness, or strict adherence to a standard. It can also convey the sense of 'diligently' or 'carefully.' For example, one might 'accurately' measure something or 'carefully' observe a situation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΚΡΙΒΩΣΤΕΡΟΝ, ΕΞΑΚΡΙΒΩΣ

Etymology: Derived from the adjective ΑΚΡΙΒΗΣ (akribes), meaning 'exact,' 'precise,' or 'accurate.' The suffix -ΩΣ (-os) is commonly used to form adverbs from adjectives in Koine Greek.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G3976

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-DEE-oo

Translations: of a plain, of a field, of a flat area

Notes: This word refers to a flat, open area of land, such as a plain or a field. It is used to describe the general landscape or a specific cultivated area. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of the plain' or 'belonging to the field'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΡΟΥ, ΧΩΡΑΣ

Etymology: The word 'πεδίον' (pedion) comes from the Ancient Greek 'πέδον' (pedon), meaning 'ground' or 'soil'. It refers to a level or flat surface.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PA

Translations: he said, she said, it said, he spoke, she spoke, it spoke

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'εἶπον' (eipo), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct speech or to report what someone said.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΛΗΣΕΝ, ΕΦΗ

Etymology: The verb 'εἶπον' (eipo) is a suppletive aorist form, meaning its aorist stem is unrelated to its present stem. It is often used as the aorist of 'λέγω' (lego, to say) and 'φημί' (phēmi, to say).

G0001

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pang-GELL-ah-teh

Translations: report, announce, tell, declare, bring word, relate

Notes: This word means to report, announce, or declare something. It implies bringing a message or news from one place or person to another. It is often used in the context of delivering an official or important message, or giving an account of events that have occurred.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΕΞΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, 'from') + ἀγγέλλω (angellō, 'to announce, report'). It signifies announcing or reporting something away from the source or to others.

G2064

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: el-THOHN

Translations: having come, when he came, after coming, coming

Notes: ΕΛΘΩΝ is the aorist active participle of the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed relative to the main verb of the sentence. It often functions adverbially, indicating the time or manner of the main action, such as 'having come' or 'after he came'. It can also function adjectivally, describing a noun.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΗΚΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G4352

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-koo-NEE-soh

Translations: I will worship, I will bow down, I will prostrate myself

Notes: This word means to worship, to bow down, or to prostrate oneself before someone or something, often as an act of reverence or submission. It implies a physical act of bowing or kneeling, but also carries the spiritual meaning of adoration. It is commonly used in the context of worshipping God or showing respect to a king or authority figure.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ, ΔΟΥΛΕΥΩ

G0191

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-KOO-san-tes

Translations: having heard, those who heard, after hearing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to hear'. It describes an action of hearing that has been completed, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially to modify a noun or describe the circumstances of another action. It can refer to people who have heard something, or indicate that an action occurred after the act of hearing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΣΑΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ

G1492

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-DON

Translations: they saw, I saw, to see, having seen

Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It can function as a third-person plural indicative ('they saw'), a first-person singular indicative ('I saw'), or, less commonly, as an infinitive or participle depending on the context, conveying the action of seeing or perceiving something in a completed past action. It is often used to introduce a new observation or event.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural; or Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular; or Aorist, Active, Infinitive; or Aorist, Active, Participle (Neuter Singular Nominative/Accusative)

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'εἶδον' (eidon) serves as the aorist form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horaō), meaning 'to see'. It is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, which also means 'to see' or 'to know'.

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-TAH-thay

Translations: was stood, was set, was established, was appointed, stood, stood still, was placed

Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'histemi'. It generally means 'to be stood', 'to be set', 'to be established', or 'to be appointed'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, where the subject was acted upon, resulting in them being placed in a certain position or state, or being appointed to a role. It can also simply mean 'stood' or 'stood still' in a passive sense.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G1883

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: ep-AN-oh

Translations: above, over, on, upon, more than, besides

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'above' or 'on top'. It can also be used as a preposition, typically with the genitive case, to indicate position 'over' or 'upon' something, or to mean 'more than' or 'besides' when referring to quantity or addition. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (epi, 'upon, on') and 'ἄνω' (anō, 'upwards, above').

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΑΝΩ is a compound formed from the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the adverb ἄνω (anō), meaning 'upwards' or 'above'. It literally means 'on above'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3813

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pai-DEE-on

Translations: child, a child, infant, an infant, little child, a little child

Notes: This word refers to a young child or an infant. It is a diminutive form of the word 'παῖς' (pais), meaning 'child' or 'servant', emphasizing the smallness or tenderness of the child. It can be used generally to refer to any young person, often implying innocence or youth.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΒΡΕΦΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'παιδίον' (paidíon), a diminutive of 'παῖς' (paîs, “child, boy, servant”).

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G4098

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-SON-tes

Translations: falling, having fallen, fallen

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to fall'. It describes an action of falling that has already occurred or is currently occurring, often indicating a state resulting from that action. It can be used to describe people or things that have fallen, either literally (e.g., falling to the ground) or figuratively (e.g., falling into sin or ruin).

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΟΝΤΕΣ

G4352

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-eh-koo-NEE-san

Translations: they worshiped, they bowed down, they prostrated themselves, they did obeisance

Notes: This word describes the act of showing reverence or adoration, typically by prostrating oneself or bowing down. It implies an act of worship or homage, often directed towards God, a deity, or a person of high authority. It is frequently used with the dative case to indicate the object of worship or reverence.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word προσκυνέω is a compound word formed from πρός (pros), meaning 'towards' or 'before', and κυνέω (kyneō), meaning 'to kiss'. The original sense was to kiss the ground when prostrating oneself before a superior, or to kiss the hand of a superior.

G4374

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-AY-neg-kan

Translations: they brought, they offered, they presented

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb προσφέρω (prospherō). It means 'they brought,' 'they offered,' or 'they presented.' It describes an action completed in the past, often implying a bringing or offering to someone or something, such as bringing gifts, sacrifices, or people. The apostrophe (ʼ) in the provided word is likely a variant spelling or a scribal mark, as the standard form is προσήνεγκαν.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΓΩ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G4667

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SMOOR-nahn

Translations: myrrh, a myrrh

Notes: This word refers to myrrh, an aromatic gum resin obtained from certain trees, often used for perfume, incense, medicine, or embalming. It is a feminine noun and is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of an action or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΛΙΒΑΝΟΝ, ΑΡΩΜΑ

Etymology: The word "σμίρνα" (smirna) or "σμύρνα" (smyrna) is of Semitic origin, likely from Aramaic or Arabic, referring to the aromatic resin.

G5537

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: khree-mah-tis-THEN-tes

Translations: having been divinely warned, having been divinely instructed, having received a divine warning, having been admonished, having been warned by God

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle of the verb χρηματίζω (chrēmatizō). It describes an action that happened in the past, where the subject received a divine warning or instruction. It implies that the warning or instruction came from God or a divine source. It is often used to refer to receiving a message or revelation from God.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΙΠΩΝ, ΠΡΟΦΗΤΕΥΣΑΣ

Etymology: The word χρηματίζω (chrēmatizō) comes from χρῆμα (chrēma), meaning 'a thing, a matter, business,' which itself is derived from χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use.' Over time, it developed the sense of 'to transact business,' then 'to give a response or oracle,' and eventually 'to give a divine warning or instruction.'

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G3677

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ON-ar

Translations: dream, a dream

Notes: This word refers to a dream, specifically a vision or experience that occurs during sleep. It is typically used in the singular and often appears in contexts describing divine revelations or significant messages received through dreams.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΝΥΠΝΙΟΝ

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΟΝΑΡ' is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient word with roots in Proto-Indo-European, possibly related to words signifying 'sleep' or 'vision'.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: dee

Translations: through, by, on account of, because of, for the sake of, during, after, with, (of) which, (to) which, 14

Notes: This word, ΔΙʼ, can have two primary interpretations due to the final mark (coronis or keraia). Most commonly, it represents an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through,' 'by,' 'on account of,' or 'because of.' When used with the genitive case, it indicates the means or instrument ('through,' 'by'), or the cause ('on account of,' 'because of'). When used with the accusative case, it indicates the reason or purpose ('for the sake of') or the duration ('during,' 'after'). Less commonly, the mark could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 14 (delta for 4, iota for 10). Given the context of ancient manuscripts, the elided preposition is the more probable interpretation.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); Numeral (as 14)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart.'

G0402

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-ekh-OH-ray-san

Translations: they withdrew, they departed, they went away, they retired

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ἀνά' (ana, 'up' or 'back') and 'χωρέω' (chōreō, 'to go' or 'to make room'). It means to withdraw, depart, or go away, often implying a movement away from a place or situation, sometimes for safety or privacy. It is commonly used to describe someone leaving a place or retreating.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΕΥΓΩ

G0032

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ANG-ge-los

Translations: angel, a angel, messenger, a messenger

Notes: This word refers to a messenger, envoy, or one who brings tidings. In a religious context, it commonly refers to a divine messenger or an angel. It is a masculine noun and is frequently used in the New Testament to denote celestial beings.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΞ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΓΓΕΛΟΣ' is of uncertain origin, possibly derived from a root meaning 'to bring tidings' or 'to announce'. It is a common term in ancient Greek literature and religious texts.

G5316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: fah-EE-neh-tai

Translations: appears, seems, is seen, is evident

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to appear' or 'to seem'. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it appears' or 'it seems that...'. It can also mean 'to be seen' or 'to become visible'. It describes something that becomes evident or manifest.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΕΚΦΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΑΙΝΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- meaning 'to shine'. It is related to words signifying light, appearance, and manifestation.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: kat

Translations: according to, in, by, against, down from, concerning, throughout, during

Notes: This word is an elided form of the Koine Greek preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata). The apostrophe (coronis) indicates that the final vowel 'alpha' has been dropped, usually before a word beginning with a vowel. ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition whose meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it can mean 'against' or 'down from'. When used with the accusative case, it often means 'according to', 'throughout', 'during', or 'by'. In the provided examples, 'ΚΑΤʼ ΟΝΑΡ' means 'according to a dream' or 'in a dream'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition), but its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive or Accusative). The form ΚΑΤʼ is an elided form of ΚΑΤΑ.

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is a very common and ancient Greek preposition.

G2501

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oh-SEF

Translations: Joseph

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the biblical name Joseph. It is used to identify individuals named Joseph, such as Joseph, the husband of Mary, or Joseph of Arimathea. As a proper noun, it does not typically change meaning based on context.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative or Genitive or Dative

Etymology: The name Joseph is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name Yosef, meaning 'He will add' or 'God will increase'. It is a common name in the Old and New Testaments.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G1453

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GER-thays

Translations: having been raised, having been awakened, having arisen, having stood up

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle of the verb 'egeiro', meaning 'to raise' or 'to awaken'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred and is completed. In the passive voice, it indicates that the subject is the one being raised or awakened, rather than performing the action of raising something else. It often implies a state of having been brought back to life, having stood up, or having been roused from sleep or inactivity.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣ, ΔΙΕΓΕΡΘΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'egeiro' (the root of 'egerthais') is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the idea of 'waking up' or 'arousing'.

G3880

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pah-rah-LAH-beh

Translations: take, receive, take along, take with, take over, assume

Notes: This word means to take something or someone alongside oneself, to receive, or to take over. It can imply taking something into one's possession, receiving a tradition, or taking someone with you on a journey. It is often used in the sense of receiving something handed down or taking someone into one's care.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΑΡΑ (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside,' and the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (lambano), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive.'

G0004

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ai-GYP-toh

Translations: Egypt, of Egypt, to Egypt

Notes: This word refers to the country of Egypt. It is used to denote the geographical location or the people of Egypt in various contexts, often appearing in phrases like 'king of Egypt' or 'from Egypt'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Genitive or Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'Αἴγυπτος' (Aigyptos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from an Egyptian name for the Nile or the city of Memphis. It was adopted into Greek and refers to the ancient land of Egypt.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AN

Translations: if, perhaps, whatever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, as soon as, until, before

Notes: This word is a conditional particle used to express possibility, contingency, or indefiniteness. It is often used with the subjunctive mood to form conditional clauses, indicating that an action or state is dependent on a certain condition. It can also be combined with other words to form indefinite relative pronouns or adverbs, such as 'whoever', 'whatever', or 'whenever'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΟΤΑΝ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The particle 'an' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en- meaning 'on, at'. It is an ancient Greek particle that has been used since classical times.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-POH

Translations: to say, to speak, to tell

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to say,' 'to speak,' or 'to tell.' It is the aorist subjunctive form of the verb, often used to express a potential or desired action of speaking, or in clauses dependent on a main verb expressing command, purpose, or result. It is a common verb in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Aorist, Subjunctive, Active, All persons, All numbers

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ

Etymology: This word comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *wekw-, meaning 'to speak.' It is an aorist stem that functions as the aorist of the verb 'to say,' which otherwise uses forms from different roots (like ΛΕΓΩ or ΕΡΩ).

G4771

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G2212

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ZAY-teen

Translations: to seek, to search, to inquire, to investigate, to demand, to desire, to try, to strive

Notes: This word is a variant spelling of the Koine Greek verb ΖΗΤΕΙΝ (zētein), which means 'to seek' or 'to search'. It is used to express the act of looking for something, inquiring about a matter, or striving to achieve a goal. It can also imply demanding or desiring something. The form ΖΗΤΙΝ is an infinitive, indicating the action itself without specifying a subject or tense.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΡΕΥΝΑΩ, ΕΠΙΖΗΤΕΩ, ΑΝΑΖΗΤΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ΖΗΤΕΩ (zēteō) comes from an uncertain root, possibly related to a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to seek' or 'to pursue'. It is a common verb in ancient Greek, appearing frequently in classical and Koine texts.

G0622

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-LEH-seh

Translations: he destroyed, he perished, he lost, he was lost, he ruined, he was ruined

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to destroy, to perish, to lose, or to ruin. It can be used transitively (to destroy something) or intransitively (to perish oneself). In this form, it indicates an action that happened in the past, completed at a specific point, and performed by a singular subject (he/she/it).

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΑΠΟ (APO), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ΟΛΛΥΜΙ (OLLUMI), meaning 'to destroy' or 'to lose'. The prefix intensifies the meaning of destruction or loss.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OW-toh

Translations: him, it, himself, itself, the same, this, that, of him, of it, to him, to it

Notes: ΑΥΤΟ is an inflected form of the third-person pronoun or demonstrative adjective ΑΥΤΟΣ. As a pronoun, it refers to 'him', 'her', or 'it', depending on gender and number. As an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or 'this/that very one'. It can also be used intensively to emphasize the subject, meaning 'himself' or 'itself'. Its meaning often depends on its position in the sentence relative to the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

G3880

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EL-ah-beh

Translations: he received, he took, he took over, he took along, he took aside, he took with himself, he took possession of

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'παραλαμβάνω' (paralambanō). It generally means 'to receive,' 'to take,' or 'to take over.' It can refer to receiving something from someone, taking someone along with oneself, or taking possession of something, such as a kingdom or tradition. The specific nuance often depends on the context.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G3571

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NOOK-tos

Translations: of night, by night, at night

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a queried form of ΝΥΚΤΟΣ (NYKTOS), which is the genitive singular form of the noun ΝΥΞ (NYX), meaning 'night'. It is used to indicate possession ('of night') or time ('by night', 'at night'). For example, one might say 'the works of night' or 'he traveled by night'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΣΠΕΡΑ, ΟΨΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΝΥΞ (NYX) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the concept of night.

G0399

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-ekh-OH-ray-sen

Translations: he withdrew, she withdrew, it withdrew, he departed, she departed, it departed, he retired, she retired, it retired

Notes: This word describes the action of withdrawing, departing, or retiring from a place or situation. It implies a movement away, often for reasons of safety, privacy, or to avoid something. It is typically used to describe a person or group moving away from a location.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναχωρέω (anachōreō) is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to go' or 'to make room'. Thus, it literally means 'to go back' or 'to make room away from'.

G0002

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ai-GYP-ton

Translations: Egypt

Notes: This word refers to the country of Egypt. It is used to denote the geographical location or the nation itself. In the provided examples, it is used as the object of a preposition or a verb, indicating movement towards or an action upon Egypt.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'Αἴγυπτος' (Aigyptos) is of uncertain origin, but it is believed to be derived from an ancient Egyptian phrase, possibly 'Hwt-ka-Ptah' (meaning 'Mansion of the Ka of Ptah'), which was the name of a temple in Memphis, and later became a name for the city itself and then the country.

G3588, G3739

Part of Speech: Article, Pronoun, Numeral

Sounds like: HAY

Translations: the, who, which, what, that, she, a, an, 8

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation, indicated by the overline. It most commonly represents the feminine nominative singular definite article 'ἡ' (he), meaning 'the' or 'a/an'. It can also represent the feminine nominative singular relative pronoun 'ἥ' (he), meaning 'who', 'which', or 'that'. Additionally, 'Η' (eta) can function as the numeral 8 in the Greek numbering system. The context of the sentence is crucial for determining the correct meaning.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine (for article/pronoun); Does not inflect (for numeral)

G5056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: teh-lew-TEES

Translations: of death, of an end, of a completion

Notes: This word refers to the act of dying, the end of life, or the completion of something. It is often used in contexts related to mortality or the conclusion of an event or process. In a sentence, it would typically function as a possessive or descriptive modifier, indicating something belonging to or related to death or an end.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΑΝΑΤΟΥ, ΠΕΡΑΣ

Etymology: The word τελευτή (teleutē) comes from the verb τελευτάω (teleutaō), meaning 'to finish, complete, die'. It is related to τέλος (telos), meaning 'end, goal, completion'.

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G4137

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: play-roh-THEE

Translations: be fulfilled, be completed, be filled, be made full

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to be filled, to be completed, or to be fulfilled. It is often used in the context of prophecies being fulfilled, time being completed, or a vessel being filled. It describes a state of being brought to fullness or completion.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΓΕΝΟΜΑΙ, ΠΛΗΘΩ

Etymology: The word Πληρόω (plēroō) comes from πλῆρες (plēres), meaning 'full'. It is related to the concept of fullness or completion.

G4483

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: RAY-theh

Translations: having been said, spoken, told, mentioned

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'lego' (to say, speak). Specifically, 'ΡΗΘΕ' is an aorist passive participle, indicating an action that was completed in the past and was done to the subject (i.e., 'having been said' or 'that which was said'). It functions adjectivally, describing a noun that has been spoken or mentioned. For example, 'τα ρηθεντα' means 'the things that were said'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΡΗΜΕΝΑ, ΛΕΛΑΛΗΜΕΝΑ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: leh-GON-tos

Translations: of saying, of speaking, of telling, of calling, of meaning

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ', meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a genitive participle, it often functions adverbially, indicating the time or circumstance of an action, such as 'while saying' or 'when he was speaking'. It can also function adjectivally, modifying a noun in the genitive case, meaning 'of the one saying'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΡΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KAH-leh-sah

Translations: I called, I have called, I invited, I have invited, I summoned, I have summoned

Notes: This is the first person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to invite'. It describes a completed action in the past, indicating that 'I' performed the action of calling or inviting someone or something. It can be used in various contexts, such as calling out a name, inviting guests, or summoning someone to a specific place or purpose.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ, ΕΠΙΚΑΛΕΩ

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3097

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MA-gohn

Translations: of magi, of wise men, of sorcerers

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'magos' (μάγος). A magus was originally a member of an ancient Persian priestly caste, known for their wisdom, knowledge of astronomy, and interpretation of dreams. In later contexts, the term could also refer to a sorcerer, magician, or charlatan, depending on the connotation. It is used here to indicate possession or origin, as in 'belonging to magi' or 'from magi'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΟΦΟΙ, ΕΠΑΟΙΔΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'magos' (μάγος) is of Old Persian origin, referring to a member of the priestly caste of ancient Persia. It was adopted into Greek and later Latin, maintaining its association with wisdom, astrology, and sometimes magic.

G2373

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-thoo-MOH-thay

Translations: was angry, became angry, raged, was enraged

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist, passive, indicative form of the verb 'θυμόω' (thumoo). It describes an action that happened in the past, indicating that someone or something became angry or was enraged. It is often used to describe a strong emotional reaction of anger or wrath.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΟΡΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΧΟΛΑΩ

Etymology: The verb 'θυμόω' (thumoo) is derived from the noun 'θυμός' (thumos), meaning 'passion, spirit, anger'. It refers to the state of being filled with or expressing strong emotion, particularly anger.

G3029

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: LEE-ahn

Translations: very, exceedingly, greatly, much, extremely

Notes: This word is an adverb that means 'very' or 'exceedingly'. It is used to intensify the meaning of an adjective, another adverb, or a verb, indicating a high degree or extent of something. For example, it can be used to say 'very good' or 'greatly rejoice'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΠΟΛΥ, ΜΑΛΑ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'smoothness' or 'plainness', which then developed into the meaning of 'very' or 'exceedingly'.

G649

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pos-TEE-las

Translations: having sent, having dispatched, having commissioned

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle, masculine, nominative singular form of the verb 'apostellō'. It describes an action of sending or dispatching that has been completed, often with the implication of commissioning someone for a specific purpose. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate that the subject has performed the action of sending.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΜΨΑΣ, ΕΞΑΠΕΣΤΕΙΛΑΣ

G0337

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-EYE-len

Translations: he took up, he took away, he destroyed, he killed, he slew

Notes: ΑΝΕΙΛΕΝ is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ (anaireō). This verb is a compound word formed from the preposition ΑΝΑ (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb ΑΙΡΕΩ (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. Depending on the context, it can mean to take up, to lift, to take away, to destroy, or to kill/slay. In many New Testament contexts, it is used to describe the act of killing or putting to death.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

G3816

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PAI-das

Translations: children, boys, servants, slaves

Notes: This word refers to children, particularly boys, but can also denote young people in general, or even servants and slaves regardless of age, depending on the context. It is used here in the accusative plural form, indicating that the children/boys/servants are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΑ, ΥΙΟΙ, ΔΟΥΛΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΑΙΣ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'child' or 'boy'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that refer to young people or offspring.

G2737

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: kah-toh-TEH-roh

Translations: lower, below, further down, underneath

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb, meaning 'lower' or 'further down'. It indicates a position that is more inferior or beneath something else. It is used to describe movement to a lower place or a position that is situated at a lower level.

Inflection: Comparative Adverb, Does not inflect for gender, number, or case

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΚΑΤΩ, ΚΑΤΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΩΤΕΡΩ is derived from the adverb ΚΑΤΩ (kato), meaning 'down' or 'below'. The suffix -τερω indicates a comparative degree, similar to the English '-er' in 'lower'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G4137

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-lay-ROH-thay

Translations: it was fulfilled, it was completed, it was filled, it was accomplished, it was made full

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist indicative passive form of the verb 'πληρόω' (plēroō). It signifies that something was brought to completion, filled up, or accomplished. It is often used in the context of prophecies being fulfilled, time being completed, or a vessel being filled.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΠΛΗΡΟΩ

G5456

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foh-NAY

Translations: voice, sound, noise, a voice, a sound, a noise

Notes: This word refers to a voice, a sound, or a noise. It is commonly used to describe the sound produced by living beings, such as a human voice or the sound of an animal, but can also refer to inanimate sounds like thunder or the sound of a trumpet. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΗΧΟΣ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (to speak, tell, say). Cognate with Latin fari (to speak) and English ban.

G0191

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-KOOS-thay

Translations: was heard, it was heard

Notes: This is a verb form indicating that something was heard. It is in the aorist tense, which describes a past action completed at a specific point in time, and in the passive voice, meaning the subject of the verb is the one being acted upon (i.e., it is being heard). It is typically used to describe an event where a sound, message, or prayer was received or perceived.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂kowh₂- 'to hear'.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loos

Translations: much, many, great, a great deal, a great many

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. For example, it can refer to a large crowd of people or a significant amount of something. It can also be used to describe something as 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G2799

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: KLAI-oo-sa

Translations: weeping, crying, lamenting

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'weeping' or 'crying'. It describes someone who is in the act of weeping or lamenting. As a participle, it can function adjectivally, describing a noun (e.g., 'the weeping woman'), or adverbially, indicating the manner or circumstance of an action (e.g., 'she spoke, weeping').

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΟΔΥΡΟΜΕΝΗ, ΘΡΗΝΟΥΣΑ

Etymology: The word ΚΛΑΙΩ (klaiō) comes from an uncertain origin, possibly onomatopoeic, imitating the sound of weeping. It is related to the idea of a loud cry or lament.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no, neither, nor

Notes: This word is a negative particle, meaning 'not' or 'no'. The apostrophe (coronis) indicates an elision, meaning a final vowel has been dropped. The full form is typically 'οὐ' (ou) before a consonant, 'οὐκ' (ouk) before a vowel with a smooth breathing, and 'οὐχ' (ouch) before a vowel with a rough breathing. It is used to negate verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, indicating a factual negation. For example, 'οὐκ ἔστιν' means 'it is not'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (particle)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΥΔΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ud- (not, out).

G2309

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-theh-len

Translations: he wanted, she wanted, it wanted, he wished, she wished, it wished, he desired, she desired, it desired

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to want', 'to wish', or 'to desire'. It is in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing, continuous, or repeated action in the past. It describes what someone was wanting or wishing to do.

Inflection: Third person singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΛΩ (thelo) comes from an ancient Greek root meaning 'to wish' or 'to be willing'.

G3870

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-klee-THEE-nai

Translations: to be comforted, to be exhorted, to be encouraged, to be entreated, to be appealed to

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'parakaleo'. It means 'to be called alongside' or 'to be summoned for aid'. In a broader sense, it conveys the idea of receiving comfort, encouragement, or exhortation. It can also mean to be appealed to or entreated. As an infinitive, it functions like 'to comfort' or 'to be comforted' in English, often used after other verbs or prepositions.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΗΓΟΡΗΘΗΝΑΙ, ΘΑΡΡΥΝΘΗΝΑΙ

G5053

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: teh-le-oo-TEE-san-tos

Translations: (of) one who died, (of) a dead person, (of) one having died, (of) someone who has died

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'τελευτάω' (teleutaō), meaning 'to finish', 'to end', or 'to die'. As a genitive masculine singular participle, it indicates an action completed before the main verb, often translated as 'when he died', 'after he died', or 'of one who died'. It describes the state or action of someone who has passed away.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΘΑΝΟΝΤΟΣ, ΕΚΠΝΕΥΣΑΝΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word τελευτάω (teleutaō) comes from τέλος (telos), meaning 'end' or 'completion'. The verb thus signifies bringing something to an end or reaching a conclusion, which extends to the concept of dying as the end of life.

G2501

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oh-SEF

Translations: Joseph

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to the biblical figure Joseph. It is a common name in the New Testament, appearing as the name of Mary's husband, Joseph of Arimathea, and others. The apostrophe at the end (keraia) indicates that this word is being used as a numeral, representing the number 1018.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, does not inflect when used as a name. When used as a numeral, it represents the number 1018.

Etymology: From Hebrew יוסף (Yosef), meaning 'He will add' or 'He will increase'.

G0125

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ahee-GYP-toh

Translations: (to) Egypt, (in) Egypt

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to the country of Egypt, a significant land in ancient history and biblical narratives. It is often used to denote the geographical location where many events in the Old Testament and some in the New Testament took place. In this dative form, it indicates motion towards or location within Egypt.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'Αἴγυπτος' (Aigyptos) is of uncertain origin, possibly derived from an Egyptian name for the city of Memphis, 'Hwt-ka-Ptah' (meaning 'Mansion of the Soul of Ptah'). It was adopted into Greek and became the common name for the country.

Part of Speech: Article

Sounds like: TAYN

Translations: the

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΤΗΝ (TĒN), which is the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As an article, it always precedes the noun it modifies and agrees with it in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used with feminine singular nouns in the accusative case.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from a demonstrative pronoun in Proto-Indo-European. It evolved to function as a definite article, specifying nouns.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYN

Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region

Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ

G2212

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: zay-TOON-tes

Translations: seeking, looking for, searching for, desiring, requiring

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ζητέω' (zēteō), meaning 'to seek' or 'to look for'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action and can function adjectivally or adverbially, often translated as 'those who are seeking' or 'while seeking'. It implies an active and continuous effort to find or obtain something.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΖΗΤΕΩ, ΑΝΑΖΗΤΕΩ

G5590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PSY-khen

Translations: soul, a soul, life, a life, mind, a mind, self, a self

Notes: This word refers to the soul, the principle of life, or the inner self. It can denote a person's life, their mind, or their spiritual essence. It is often used to describe the seat of emotions, desires, and affections, and can also refer to the individual person themselves.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ

Etymology: From a root meaning 'to breathe', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to breathe, to blow'.

G1525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-EEL-then

Translations: he entered, she entered, it entered, went in, came in

Notes: This word describes the action of entering or coming into a place. It is often used to indicate movement from an outside location to an inside one, or to signify the beginning of a state or condition. It is a compound word formed from 'EIS' (into) and 'ERCHOMAI' (to come/go).

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΣΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΣΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word εἰσέρχομαι (eiserchomai) is a compound verb formed from the preposition εἰς (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Its etymology traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to movement.

G0745

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ar-kheh-LAH-os

Translations: Archelaus

Notes: Archelaus was the name of a son of Herod the Great, who succeeded his father as ruler over Judea, Samaria, and Idumea. He was known for his cruelty and was eventually deposed by the Roman emperor Augustus. The word is used to refer specifically to this historical figure.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: From the Greek words 'arche' (meaning 'first' or 'ruler') and 'laos' (meaning 'people'). The name literally means 'ruler of the people' or 'leader of the people'.

G0473

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AN-tee

Translations: instead of, for, in place of, in return for, opposite, in front of

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It signifies substitution, exchange, or opposition. It can mean 'instead of' or 'in place of' something, indicating a replacement. It can also mean 'for' or 'in return for' something, implying an exchange. In some contexts, it can denote 'opposite' or 'in front of' a location or person.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti, meaning 'face to face, opposite'. It is related to English 'and' and 'anti-'.

G5537

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: khree-mah-tis-THEYS

Translations: having been warned, having been divinely instructed, having been given a divine message, having been called, having been named

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb ΧΡΗΜΑΤΙΖΩ. It signifies the action of receiving a divine warning, instruction, or revelation, often through a dream, vision, or direct communication from God. It can also mean to be called or named by a specific title or designation, especially in a public or official capacity. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing the subject of the main verb or the circumstances under which the main action occurs.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΙΠΩΝ, ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΗΜΑΤΙΖΩ comes from the noun ΧΡΗΜΑ (CHRĒMA), meaning 'a thing, a matter, business, money'. Over time, it evolved to mean 'to deal with business', then 'to give a response (in business)', and eventually 'to give a divine response or oracle', leading to its New Testament meaning of receiving a divine communication or being divinely instructed.

G2730, G3611

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kat-OH-kay-sen

Translations: he dwelt, he inhabited, he settled, he resided

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the verb ΟΙΚΕΩ (oikeō, meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'). The apostrophe indicates an elision of the final alpha from ΚΑΤΑ before the initial omega of ΩΚΗΣΕΝ. It describes the action of someone settling down or taking up residence in a place. It implies a permanent or established dwelling.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΚΑΘΙΖΩ

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOH-meh-nayn

Translations: called, named, said, spoken, a called, a named

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΛΕΓΟΜΕΝΗΝ (legomenēn), which is the present passive participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, often translated as 'being called' or 'named'. In this form, it specifically refers to something feminine that is being called or named, often used in phrases like 'a city called X' or 'a woman named Y'.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Singular, Feminine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΗΝ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΗΝ

G3478

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: NAH-zah-ret

Translations: Nazareth

Notes: Nazareth is a town in the Galilee region of ancient Israel, known as the hometown of Jesus Christ. In the provided text, it is used as a place name, often with prepositions like 'to' or 'from' (implied by the case). The apostrophe at the end (keraia) indicates that the word is being used as a numeral, representing the number 51 (Nu). However, in the context of the provided usage, it is clearly functioning as the proper noun 'Nazareth'. This suggests the apostrophe is likely a scribal mark, possibly a coronis indicating an elision or simply a variant spelling, rather than a numerical value. Given the context, it refers to the town.

Inflection: Does not inflect (in this form); typically indeclinable in the New Testament, though it can appear in various cases depending on the preceding preposition.

Etymology: The etymology of Nazareth is uncertain. Some theories suggest it derives from a Hebrew word meaning 'branch' or 'shoot' (נצר, netzer), possibly alluding to messianic prophecies. Other theories link it to a word meaning 'to watch' or 'to guard'.

G3478