2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AY-sahn

Translations: they were, they had been

Notes: ΗΣΑΝ is an inflected form of the verb 'ΕΙΜΙ' (eimi), meaning 'to be'. Specifically, it is the third person plural imperfect indicative form. It describes an ongoing or continuous state or action in the past, often translated as 'they were' or 'they used to be'. It is commonly used to describe the state or existence of multiple subjects in a past context.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative

Etymology: The Koine Greek verb ΕΙΜΙ (eimi) derives from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental and frequently used verbs in the language, indicating existence, state, or identity.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G0268

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hah-mar-TOH-loy

Translations: sinners, the sinners

Notes: This word refers to people who are sinners, those who miss the mark or fail to meet a standard, especially in a moral or religious sense. It is often used to describe individuals who are morally corrupt or estranged from God due to their actions.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΟΙ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΣ, ΠΑΡΑΒΑΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek word 'ἁμαρτάνω' (hamartanō), meaning 'to miss the mark, to err, to sin', combined with the suffix '-ωλός' (-ōlos), which indicates a person characterized by the action of the verb. Thus, it literally means 'one who sins' or 'sinful'.

G1234

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-gong-GY-zohn

Translations: grumbled, murmured, complained

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and the verb γογγύζω (gongyzo), meaning 'to murmur' or 'grumble'. It describes the act of grumbling or complaining, often in a low, continuous, or persistent manner, indicating dissatisfaction or discontent. It implies a thorough or continuous act of murmuring.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΟΓΓΥΖΩ, ΜΕΜΦΟΜΑΙ, ΑΓΑΝΑΚΤΕΩ

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G5330

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: fah-ree-SAI-oy

Translations: Pharisees

Notes: The Pharisees were a prominent Jewish religious and political party or school of thought in ancient Judea during the Second Temple period. They emphasized strict adherence to the Mosaic Law and oral traditions, often contrasting with the Sadducees. They were influential among the common people and are frequently mentioned in the New Testament.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The word "Pharisee" comes from the Aramaic word "perishaya," meaning "separated ones." This likely refers to their separation from ritual impurity or from other Jewish groups.

G1122

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: grah-mah-TAYSS

Translations: scribes, secretaries, clerks

Notes: This word refers to individuals who were skilled in writing, often serving as copyists, record-keepers, or public notaries. In ancient societies, especially in Jewish contexts, scribes were highly respected for their knowledge of the law and scriptures, often acting as interpreters and teachers. They could also serve in administrative roles for kings or officials.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΟΙ, ΝΟΜΙΚΟΙ

Etymology: From γράμμα (gramma, "a letter, writing") and the suffix -εύς (-eus, indicating an agent or profession). It literally means "one who deals with letters or writing."

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G4327

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-DEKH-eh-teh

Translations: await, expect, look for, receive, welcome

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'toward', and the verb ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. Together, it means to receive someone or something with anticipation, to await, or to expect. It implies a readiness or willingness to receive.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Imperative Mood, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in addition to', and the verb ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ (dechomai), meaning 'to take, receive, accept'.

G4906

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-ES-thee-ay

Translations: eats with, to eat with, to dine with

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to eat with' or 'to dine with'. It describes the act of sharing a meal or food with someone else. It implies companionship or association during a meal.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΔΕΙΠΝΕΩ, ΣΥΝΤΡΑΠΕΖΙΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΕΣΘΙΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΕΣΘΙΩ (esthio), meaning 'to eat'.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOOS

Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G3850

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-ra-bo-LEN

Translations: a parable, parable, a proverb, proverb, an allegory, allegory, a figure, figure, a comparison, comparison

Notes: This word refers to a parable, proverb, or a figure of speech used for comparison or illustration. It is a narrative or saying that conveys a deeper spiritual or moral lesson. It is often used in the New Testament to describe the teaching method of Jesus, where he would use earthly stories to explain heavenly truths. It can also refer to a riddle or a dark saying.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΙΜΙΑ, ΑΙΝΙΓΜΑ

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: tow-TEEN

Translations: this, this one, this thing, her, it

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΤΑΥΤΗΝ (TAUTEN). It is the accusative singular feminine form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'this one'. It is used to point out something specific, often referring to a feminine noun or concept previously mentioned or understood from context. It can function as a pronoun, standing in for a noun, or as an adjective, modifying a noun.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AHN-throh-pohs

Translations: man, a man, human being, a human being, person, a person, mankind, humanity

Notes: This word refers to a human being, a person, or mankind in general. It is a common noun used to denote any individual of the human species, regardless of gender, though it is often translated as 'man' in a generic sense. It can be used to distinguish humans from God or from animals.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΤΙΣ

Etymology: The word "ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ" is of uncertain origin, but it is an ancient Greek term for a human being. Some theories suggest it may be related to words meaning "upward-looking" or "earth-faced."

G1537, G1803

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: eks

Translations: out of, from, by, of, six

Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ

Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-khoh

Translations: have, hold, possess, keep, be able, be in a certain condition

Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It can also mean 'to possess', 'to keep', or 'to be in a certain state or condition'. It is used in a wide variety of contexts to indicate possession, capability, or a state of being.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to Latin 'habeo' (to have) and English 'have'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-LEH-sas

Translations: having destroyed, having lost, having perished, having ruined

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb ἀπόλλυμι (apollumi). It describes an action that has been completed in the past, often with a focus on the result. It can mean 'to destroy,' 'to lose,' 'to perish,' or 'to ruin,' depending on the context and whether it's used transitively or intransitively. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb in a sentence.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΛΕΣΑΣ, ΑΦΑΝΙΣΑΣ

Etymology: The verb ἀπόλλυμι (apollumi) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from,' and the verb ὄλλυμι (ollumi), meaning 'to destroy' or 'to lose.'

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G2049

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-reh-MOH

Translations: to make desolate, to lay waste, to destroy, to devastate, to leave desolate

Notes: This verb means to make something desolate, to lay it waste, or to destroy it. It describes the act of causing a place or thing to become empty, deserted, or ruined. It can be used to describe the destruction of cities, lands, or even the desolation of a person's life or spirit.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ

Etymology: From ἔρημος (erēmos), meaning 'desolate, solitary, desert'. The verb form means to make something desolate.

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: por-YOO-eh-tai

Translations: goes, is going, walks, is walking, travels, is traveling, proceeds, is proceeding

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to go, walk, travel, or proceed. It describes movement from one place to another. In its present tense form, it indicates an ongoing action, such as 'he/she/it goes' or 'he/she/it is going'. It can be used in various contexts to describe physical movement or even a course of action.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-LO-los

Translations: lost, perished, ruined, destroyed, undone

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having been lost' or 'having perished'. It describes a state of being lost, ruined, or destroyed, often with the implication of being beyond recovery. It can refer to things that are literally lost, or to people who are spiritually or morally ruined.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΘΡΕΥΩ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἀπόλλυμι (apollumi) is a compound of ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and ὄλλυμι (ollumi), meaning 'to destroy' or 'to lose'.

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OW-toh

Translations: him, it, himself, itself, the same, this, that, of him, of it, to him, to it

Notes: ΑΥΤΟ is an inflected form of the third-person pronoun or demonstrative adjective ΑΥΤΟΣ. As a pronoun, it refers to 'him', 'her', or 'it', depending on gender and number. As an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or 'this/that very one'. It can also be used intensively to emphasize the subject, meaning 'himself' or 'itself'. Its meaning often depends on its position in the sentence relative to the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

G2147

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eu-RON

Translations: finding, having found, discovering, obtaining

Notes: ΕΥΡΩΝ is the masculine, singular, nominative, aorist active participle of the verb εὑρίσκω (heuriskō), meaning 'to find' or 'to discover'. As a participle, it functions like both a verb and an adjective, describing an action performed by the subject. It indicates an action that has been completed in the past relative to the main verb, often translated as 'having found' or simply 'finding' in context.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΕΞΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ

Etymology: The word εὑρίσκω (heuriskō) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to find' or 'to obtain' in other Indo-European languages.

G2025

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-TITH-ay-sin

Translations: he lays upon, he places upon, he puts upon, he imposes, he adds, he attacks, he lays on, he puts on

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ΕΠΙ' (EPI), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb 'ΤΙΘΗΜΙ' (TITHĒMI), meaning 'to put' or 'to place'. Therefore, 'ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΣΙΝ' generally means 'to put upon', 'to lay upon', or 'to place upon'. It can be used in various contexts, such as laying hands on someone, imposing a burden, adding something to a quantity, or even attacking someone (laying hands on them in a hostile way).

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The verb ΤΙΘΗΜΙ (TITHĒMI) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to put' or 'to place'. The prefix ΕΠΙ (EPI) is a common Greek preposition meaning 'upon', 'on', 'over', or 'at'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G5463

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHAH-ee-roh

Translations: rejoice, be glad, be well, hail, farewell

Notes: This verb means to rejoice, be glad, or be well. It is often used as a greeting, similar to "hail" or "greetings," and can also be used as a farewell, meaning "farewell" or "goodbye." It expresses a state of joy or well-being.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular; also functions as an imperative (rejoice!, hail!)

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: From a primary verb, probably from the root of χάρις (charis, "grace"), meaning to be cheerful, to be in a state of grace or favor.

G2064

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: el-THOHN

Translations: having come, when he came, after coming, coming

Notes: ΕΛΘΩΝ is the aorist active participle of the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed relative to the main verb of the sentence. It often functions adverbially, indicating the time or manner of the main action, such as 'having come' or 'after he came'. It can also function adjectivally, describing a noun.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΗΚΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G5384

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: fee-LOOS

Translations: friends, beloved ones, dear ones, beloved, dear

Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'beloved one', or as an adjective meaning 'dear' or 'beloved'. It is used to refer to individuals or groups who are cherished, loved, or closely associated with someone. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to 'friends' or 'beloved ones' in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of an action.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

G4263

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-BAH-ton

Translations: sheep, a sheep

Notes: This word refers to a sheep, a common domesticated animal. In ancient contexts, sheep were vital for food, wool, and sacrifice. The word is often used literally, but can also be used metaphorically to refer to people, particularly in religious texts, symbolizing followers or a flock.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΒΑΤΑ

Etymology: The word προβατον (probáton) comes from the Greek verb προβαίνω (probaínō), meaning 'to go forward' or 'to advance'. It originally referred to any four-footed animal that walks forward, but eventually became specifically associated with sheep.

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: LEH-goh

Translations: say, speak, tell, call, mean

Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to introduce direct or indirect speech, to give commands, or to express an opinion. It can also mean 'to call' or 'to name' someone or something, or 'to mean' something.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *leg- meaning 'to collect, gather'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to pick out words', hence 'to speak' or 'to say'.

G5479

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-ra

Translations: joy, a joy, gladness, delight

Notes: This word refers to a state of inner gladness, delight, or joy. It is often used to describe a deep-seated happiness that comes from a positive experience or a spiritual blessing. It can be used in sentences like 'He felt great joy' or 'There was much gladness among them.'

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the root χαίρω (chairō), meaning 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad'. It is related to the concept of grace or favor.

G1762

Part of Speech: Adverb, Verb

Sounds like: EH-nee

Translations: there is, there are, it is possible, it is lawful, it is present, it is in

Notes: ΕΝΙ is an enclitic adverbial form of the verb εἰμί (eimi), meaning 'to be'. It typically translates to 'there is' or 'there are', indicating existence or presence. It can also convey the meaning 'it is possible' or 'it is lawful'. In some contexts, it functions as an adverb meaning 'in' or 'within', often implying 'it is in' or 'it is present in'. It is a common word in Koine Greek, used to express existence or possibility.

Inflection: Third person singular, present indicative, active, enclitic form of εἰμί (eimi)

Synonyms: ΕΣΤΙΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙ

G3340

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: meh-tah-no-OON-tee

Translations: repenting, a repenting one, to a repenting one

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'metanoeō', meaning 'to repent' or 'to change one's mind'. It describes someone who is in the process of repenting or has a repentant attitude. In this dative case, it indicates the recipient or beneficiary of an action, often translated as 'to a repenting one' or 'for a repenting one'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΟΝΤΙ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΕΝΩ

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G5532

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHREE-ah

Translations: need, a need, necessity, usefulness, a usefulness, want, a want, lack, a lack, requirement, a requirement, service, a service

Notes: This word refers to a need, necessity, or lack of something. It can also denote usefulness or service. It is often used in contexts where something is required or beneficial.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΗ, ΕΝΔΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΙΑ (chreia) is derived from the verb χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use' or 'to need'. It signifies that which is useful or necessary.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EKH-oo-see

Translations: they have, they hold, they possess, they are

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to have', 'to hold', or 'to possess'. It can also be used in a broader sense to indicate a state or condition, similar to 'they are' when followed by an adjective or adverb. It is often used to describe ownership or a relationship.

Inflection: Third person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- 'to hold, to have'. It is a very common and fundamental verb in Greek.

G3341

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-tah-NOY-ahs

Translations: of repentance, of a change of mind, of a change of heart

Notes: This word refers to a change of mind, a turning around, or repentance. It signifies a fundamental shift in one's thinking, attitude, or direction, often implying a moral or spiritual transformation. It is frequently used in contexts of turning away from sin and towards God. It is a compound word formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'after' or 'with', and 'νοέω' (noeo), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΟΦΗ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΕΙΑ

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: EKH-oo-sah

Translations: having, holding, possessing, being, wearing, containing, keeping, a having, a holding

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ΕΧΩ' (echo), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state of the subject. It can be translated as 'having,' 'holding,' or 'possessing,' and often indicates a continuous or ongoing action. For example, it might describe someone 'having' a certain quality or 'holding' an object.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G1437

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It often implies a condition that is possible or expected to occur, or a general truth. It can also be used to mean 'when' or 'whenever' in a general sense, or even 'although' in some contexts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ

Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an), which indicates potentiality or contingency. It combines these elements to form a conditional conjunction.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-LEH-see

Translations: you may destroy, you may lose, you may perish, he may destroy, he may lose, he may perish

Notes: This word is an inflection of the verb 'apollymi', meaning to destroy, lose, or perish. It describes an action that might happen or is desired to happen, often in a context of potential destruction or loss. It can refer to causing something to be destroyed or lost, or to oneself perishing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Subjunctive, Third Person Singular or Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ

G3392

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mee-AH-n

Translations: to defile, to pollute, to contaminate, to stain

Notes: This word describes the act of making something unclean, impure, or unholy. It can refer to physical defilement, such as staining or polluting, or to moral and spiritual defilement, such as corrupting or profaning. It is often used in a religious context to describe ritual impurity or sin.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΟΛΥΝΩ, ΡΥΠΑΙΝΩ, ΒΕΒΗΛΟΩ

Etymology: The word 'μιαίνω' (miainō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the concept of defilement and impurity.

G3780

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OO-khee

Translations: no, not, by no means, certainly not

Notes: This word is a strong negative particle, used to express an emphatic 'no' or 'not'. It is often used when the speaker expects a negative answer or wants to strongly deny something. It can stand alone as an answer or be used to negate a verb or a phrase, emphasizing the denial more strongly than a simple 'οὐ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From οὐ (ou) and the enclitic particle χί (chi), which adds emphasis. It is a strengthened form of the simple negative particle οὐ.

G0680

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: HAP-tee

Translations: to touch, to handle, to light, to kindle, to grasp, to cling to

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ΑΠΤΩ' (hapto), which means 'to touch' or 'to handle'. It can also mean 'to light' or 'to kindle' when referring to fire. In some contexts, it can imply grasping or clinging to something. The specific form 'ΑΠΤΙ' is likely a misspelling or a less common variant of an inflected form, as the more common forms would be 'ἅπτεται' (haptetai) or 'ἅπτου' (haptou) depending on the context. Given the provided example 'ΑΠΤΟΜΕΝΟΣ', it strongly points to the root 'ΑΠΤΩ'.

Inflection: It is likely an imperative (command) form, possibly a second person singular present middle/passive imperative, or a variant/misspelling of another inflected form. Without diacritics, it could potentially represent 'ἅπτε' (hapte - touch!), 'ἅπτου' (haptou - touch!), or a similar form. It is not a standard ending for a finite verb in Koine Greek, suggesting it might be a textual variant or a very specific dialectal form.

Synonyms: ΘΙΓΓΑΝΩ, ΨΗΛΑΦΑΩ

Part of Speech: Article

Sounds like: TAYN

Translations: the

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΤΗΝ (TĒN), which is the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As an article, it always precedes the noun it modifies and agrees with it in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used with feminine singular nouns in the accusative case.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from a demonstrative pronoun in Proto-Indo-European. It evolved to function as a definite article, specifying nouns.

G2212

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ZAY-tee

Translations: seek, desire, ask for, demand, require, investigate

Notes: This word is the second person singular present active imperative form of the verb 'ζητέω' (zēteō), meaning 'to seek' or 'to desire'. It is used as a command or instruction, telling a single person to seek or desire something. For example, it can be used in contexts like 'seek wisdom' or 'desire peace'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΕΠΙΖΗΤΕΩ, ΕΚΖΗΤΕΩ

Etymology: The word ζητέω (zēteō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to search' or 'to inquire'.

G2147

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-oo-ROO-sah

Translations: finding, having found, a finding one, a having found one

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to find'. It describes an action of finding or having found, and functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb. In this form, it specifically refers to a feminine singular subject who is performing or has performed the action of finding.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOO-sah

Translations: saying, speaking, telling, a woman saying

Notes: This word is a present active participle, indicating an ongoing action. It is in the feminine, singular, and nominative case, meaning it describes a female subject who is in the act of saying, speaking, or telling something. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, or can be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'the one who is saying'.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΣΑ, ΦΩΝΟΥΣΑ

G1406

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: drakh-MEN

Translations: drachma, a drachma, coin, a coin

Notes: This word refers to a drachma, which was a silver coin and a unit of currency in ancient Greece. It was commonly used for wages or as a measure of value, similar to how a dollar or euro is used today. For example, one might be paid a drachma for a day's work.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΡΓΥΡΙΟΝ, ΝΟΜΙΣΜΑ

Etymology: The word "drachma" comes from the Greek verb δράσσομαι (drassomai), meaning 'to grasp' or 'to take a handful'. This refers to an earlier time when a drachma was a handful of six obols (small iron spits used as currency).

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GEE-neh-tai

Translations: he becomes, she becomes, it becomes, he is born, she is born, it is born, he happens, she happens, it happens, he comes to pass, she comes to pass, it comes to pass, he arises, she arises, it arises, he is made, she is made, it is made

Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It means 'he/she/it becomes', 'is born', 'happens', 'comes to pass', 'arises', or 'is made'. It describes a state of coming into being or a transition from one state to another. For example, 'it becomes light' or 'a child is born'. It can also refer to events that take place or come to pass.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΑΤΑΙ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΕΙ, ΕΡΧΕΤΑΙ

G1799

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: en-OH-pee-on

Translations: before, in the presence of, in the sight of, in front of

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or an improper preposition, meaning 'before' or 'in the presence of'. It is used to indicate a position directly in front of someone or something, or to denote being under the observation or authority of someone. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition 'ἐν' (en, meaning 'in') and 'ὤψ' (ōps, meaning 'face' or 'countenance'). It literally means 'in the face of' or 'in the sight of'.

G0001, G0312

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ang-GEL-loh

Translations: I announce, I report, I tell, I bring news, I proclaim, I declare, I send a messenger

Notes: This verb means to announce, report, or bring news. It is often used in the context of delivering a message or proclaiming something. It can also mean to send a messenger.

Inflection: First person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΑΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΓΓΕΛΩ' is derived from 'ἄγγελος' (angelos), meaning 'messenger' or 'one who announces'. It is related to the idea of delivering a message or news.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: theh-OO

Translations: of God, of a God

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for the word ΘΕΟΥ (Theou), meaning 'of God'. It is used to refer to the divine being, God, in the genitive case. In ancient Greek texts, nomina sacra were common contractions for frequently used sacred names and titles, indicating reverence and saving space. This form would typically be used in phrases like 'the house of God' or 'the power of God'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do, to place, to set', or possibly 'to shine'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for a deity or god.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-khen

Translations: he had, she had, it had, he was having, she was having, it was having, he held, she held, it held, he possessed, she possessed, it possessed, he contained, she contained, it contained

Notes: This is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have', 'to hold', or 'to possess'. In Koine Greek, the imperfect tense describes continuous or repeated action in the past, or an action that was in progress. Therefore, 'εἶχεν' can be translated as 'he/she/it had' (implying a state of possession in the past), 'he/she/it was having', 'he/she/it held', or 'he/she/it was holding'. It can also mean 'to contain' or 'to hold within'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3501

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: neh-OH-teh-ross

Translations: younger, newest, youngest, newer

Notes: This word is the comparative and superlative form of the adjective 'ΝΕΟΣ' (neos), meaning 'new' or 'young'. As a comparative, it means 'younger' or 'newer'. As a superlative, it means 'youngest' or 'newest'. It is used to describe someone or something that is more recent in age or time compared to others, or the most recent among a group.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Comparative or Superlative

Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, by, near

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for the Koine Greek preposition 'περί' (peri). It is used to express a wide range of relationships, most commonly 'about' or 'concerning' something or someone. It can also indicate proximity ('around', 'near'), cause ('for', 'on behalf of'), or a general relation ('with respect to'). Its meaning can vary depending on the case of the noun it governs; for example, with the genitive case, it often means 'about' or 'concerning', while with the accusative case, it can mean 'around' or 'near'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to other prepositions indicating proximity or surrounding.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doss

Translations: give

Notes: This word is the second person singular, aorist active imperative form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It is used to issue a direct command or instruction to a single person, equivalent to saying 'Give!' or 'You give!'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word δίδωμι (didomi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃- meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present stem, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs.

G1911

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective

Sounds like: eh-pee-BAL-lon

Translations: that which falls to one, due, fitting, proper, belonging, a due share, a portion

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'epiballo', meaning 'to throw upon' or 'to cast upon'. In its neuter form, as seen here, it often functions as a substantive, referring to something that 'falls to' or 'belongs to' someone, or something that is 'due' or 'fitting'. It can describe a rightful share or an appropriate action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΗΚΟΝ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΝ, ΜΕΡΟϹ

G3313

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MEH-ross

Translations: part, a part, share, a share, portion, a portion, region, a region, side, a side

Notes: This word refers to a part, share, or portion of something. It can also denote a region or a side. It is commonly used to indicate a division or segment of a whole, or a specific area or direction.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΤΜΗΜΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *smer- 'to allot, assign'. It is related to the verb μείρομαι (meiromai), meaning 'to receive one's share'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1244

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-EYE-len

Translations: divided, separated, distributed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to divide', 'to separate', or 'to distribute'. It is used to describe the action of splitting something into parts or assigning portions to different individuals or groups. For example, one might divide land, separate people, or distribute goods.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΡΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΝΕΜΩ

Etymology: The word διαίρεω (diaireō) is a compound word formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose'. Thus, it literally means 'to take apart' or 'to take through'.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G4863

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-ah-gah-GOHN

Translations: having gathered, having brought together, having assembled

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'to gather' or 'to bring together'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, indicating that the subject 'having gathered' or 'having assembled' something or someone, then proceeded to do something else. It implies a completed action that precedes the main verb of the sentence.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΓΕΙΡΩ, ΣΥΛΛΕΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G0537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PAN-tah

Translations: all, every, the whole, all things, everything

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It can refer to a complete group or quantity. It is often used to emphasize the totality of something, such as 'all people' or 'all time'. When used in the neuter plural, it can be translated as 'all things' or 'everything'.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural; or Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Singular or Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ, ΣΥΜΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΑΣ (apas) is a compound word formed from the prefix Α- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'completely', and ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'.

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HUI-os

Translations: son, a son

Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.

G0589

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-DEE-may-sen

Translations: he went abroad, he went away, he departed, he traveled to a foreign country

Notes: This word describes the action of someone leaving their home country or city to go to another place, often for an extended period. It implies a journey or a stay in a foreign land. It is typically used to describe a person's departure or travel away from their usual residence.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποδημέω (apodēmeō) is a compound word formed from ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and δῆμος (dēmos), meaning 'people' or 'country'. Thus, it literally means 'to be away from one's people/country'.

G1287

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-es-KOR-pee-se

Translations: scattered, dispersed, scattered abroad

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to scatter', 'to disperse', or 'to spread abroad'. It is often used to describe the act of spreading things out, like seeds, or dispersing people or groups. It is a compound word formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb σκορπίζω (skorpizo), meaning 'to scatter'. In the provided form, it is in the aorist tense, indicating a completed action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΚΟΡΠΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΣΠΕΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word διασκορπίζω (diaskorpizo) is a compound verb derived from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb σκορπίζω (skorpizo), meaning 'to scatter' or 'to disperse'. The root σκορπίζω is of uncertain origin but is thought to be related to the idea of separating or spreading out.

G3772

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oo-SEE-an

Translations: substance, essence, property, wealth, being, a substance, an essence, a property, wealth, a being

Notes: This word refers to one's being, essence, or fundamental nature. It can also denote material possessions, property, or wealth. In a philosophical context, it signifies the underlying reality or substance of something. In a practical sense, it refers to one's means or estate.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΞΙΣ, ΠΛΟΥΤΟΣ, ΚΤΗΜΑ

Etymology: From the present participle of the verb ΕΙΜΙ (to be), meaning 'being' or 'existence'. It evolved to denote the essence or substance of something, and later, one's property or wealth.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOO

Translations: (of) himself, (of) herself, (of) itself, (of) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the one performing it. For example, 'he washed himself'. It is a compound word formed from the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos) and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou).

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter. It can also be used for Feminine or Plural contexts, though the specific form 'ΕΑΥΤΟΥ' is genitive singular masculine/neuter.

Etymology: From the combination of the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self') and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou, 'of self').

G2198

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ZOHN

Translations: living, alive, a living one, the living one

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'ζάω' (zaō), meaning 'to live'. It describes someone or something that is currently living or alive. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the living God'), or as a noun itself, referring to 'a living one' or 'the living one'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΜΨΥΧΟΣ, ΕΝΕΡΓΗΣ

Etymology: The word 'ζάω' (zaō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to live'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to life or living.

G1159

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dah-pah-NEE-sahn-tos

Translations: having spent, having consumed, having wasted, of having spent, of having consumed, of having wasted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to spend' or 'to consume'. It describes an action that has already been completed by the subject, indicating that they have spent or wasted something. It is often used to show the cause or circumstance of a subsequent event.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Genitive, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΛΙΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΑΛΙΣΚΩ

Etymology: From δαπάνη (dapanē), meaning 'expense, cost', which is related to δάπτω (daptō), meaning 'to devour, consume'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G1565

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-KAY-neen

Translations: that, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective or pronoun, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It refers to something or someone distant in time or space from the speaker. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun. In this form, it is used for a singular feminine noun in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very, a same, the same

Notes: This word functions as both a pronoun and an adjective. As a pronoun, it can mean 'he, she, it' (third person personal pronoun) or be used intensively to mean 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. When used as an adjective, it means 'the same' or 'the very'. Its meaning depends on its position and context within a sentence. For example, when used attributively with an article (e.g., ὁ αὐτὸς), it means 'the same'. When used predicatively or without an article, it often has an intensive meaning ('he himself').

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Singular or Plural; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to- (self, same).

G0756

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EER-xah-toh

Translations: began, started, commenced

Notes: This is the aorist middle/passive indicative form of the verb 'archomai' (to begin). It signifies an action that began in the past, often used to introduce the start of an event or a series of actions. It can also mean 'to rule' or 'to be first', but in this form, it almost exclusively means 'to begin'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From the Greek word 'archē' (ἀρχή), meaning 'beginning' or 'rule'.

G5302

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoos-teh-REES-thai

Translations: to be lacking, to be in need, to be deficient, to fall short, to suffer want, to be behind, to be inferior

Notes: This word is the present passive infinitive form of the verb 'hustereo'. It describes the state of being in want, lacking something, or falling short of a standard or expectation. It can also imply being inferior or coming behind others. It is often used to express a deficiency or a state of need.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΤΤΟΩ, ΛΕΙΠΩ, ΠΤΩΧΕΥΩ

Etymology: From the Greek adjective ὕστερος (husteros), meaning 'later, last, inferior'. The verb form implies being 'behind' or 'lacking'.

G5561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHO-ras

Translations: of a country, of a region, of a land, of a place, of the country, of the region, of the land, of the place, countries, regions, lands, places

Notes: This word refers to a country, region, land, or place. It is often used to denote a specific geographical area or territory. In its genitive singular form, it indicates possession or origin, such as 'of a country' or 'from a region'. It can also function as the nominative or accusative plural, meaning 'countries' or 'regions'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΓΗ

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-nees

Translations: of that, of that one, of her, of it

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'ekeinos', meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It is used to refer to something or someone at a distance, either physically or conceptually, distinguishing it from something nearer ('this'). As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. It can refer to a feminine noun or a neuter noun in the plural.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΗΣ, ΤΑΥΤΗΣ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G1937

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-thoo-MEI

Translations: desired, longed, craved, lusted, coveted

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to desire strongly,' 'to long for,' or 'to crave.' It can also carry the negative connotation of 'to lust' or 'to covet,' depending on the context. It describes an intense inward yearning or passion for something, whether good or bad. It is often used with an infinitive or a prepositional phrase to indicate what is desired.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΘΕΛΩ, ΟΡΕΓΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἐπιθυμέω (epithymeō) is a compound of ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to,' and θυμός (thymos), referring to 'passion,' 'spirit,' or 'desire.' Thus, it literally means 'to set one's passion upon' something.

G5526

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: khor-tas-THEE-nai

Translations: to be satisfied, to be filled, to be fed, to be sated

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to be satisfied or filled, often in the context of food or sustenance. It implies having enough to eat or being completely sated. It can be used to describe someone who has eaten their fill or has had their needs met.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΙΠΛΗΜΙ, ΚΟΡΕΝΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΧΟΡΤΑΖΩ is derived from χόρτος (chortos), meaning 'fodder, grass, hay', originally referring to feeding animals, and then extended to humans.

G1537

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EK

Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.

G2769

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: keh-rah-TEE-ohn

Translations: of carob pods, of husks

Notes: This word refers to carob pods, which are the fruit of the carob tree. These pods are edible and were often used as animal fodder, particularly for pigs, but also consumed by humans, especially in times of scarcity. The word is a diminutive of κέρας (keras), meaning 'horn', likely due to the horn-like shape of the pods.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter

Etymology: The word κεράτιον (keration) is a diminutive of κέρας (keras), meaning 'horn'. It refers to the carob pod due to its horn-like shape.

G2068

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AYS-thee-on

Translations: they were eating, they ate, they used to eat

Notes: This word is the 3rd person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'εσθίω' (esthiō), meaning 'to eat'. The imperfect tense describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or an action that was in progress. Therefore, 'ΗΣΘΙΟΝ' indicates that 'they were eating' or 'they used to eat' something. It can also describe a past action that was completed, but with an emphasis on its duration or repetition.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ, ΤΡΩΓΩ

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-DEYS

Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, none, no, not any

Notes: This word is a compound word meaning 'no one' or 'nobody' when used as a pronoun. It can also function as an adjective meaning 'no' or 'not any', modifying a noun. It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something or someone.

Inflection: Inflects for gender, number, and case (e.g., Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative; Singular, Plural; Masculine, Feminine, Neuter).

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ

Etymology: From the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, 'not') and the indefinite pronoun ΔΕΙΣ (deis, 'anyone'), which is a form of ΕΙΣ (heis, 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G3407

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MIS-thee-oy

Translations: hired servants, hired laborers, hired men

Notes: This word refers to people who are hired for wages or pay, often implying a temporary or contractual relationship rather than permanent servitude. It is used to describe those who work for a wage, such as laborers or servants. In the provided examples, it refers to hired men or hired servants.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΤΗΣ, ΘΗΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΙΣΘΙΟΣ (misthios) comes from the Greek word μισθός (misthos), meaning 'wages' or 'pay'. It describes someone who works for such payment.

G4052

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ris-SEV-oo-see

Translations: they abound, they have in abundance, they overflow, they are left over, they are superfluous, they are more than enough

Notes: This word describes a state of having more than enough, to be in abundance, or to overflow. It can refer to material possessions, spiritual blessings, or even a surplus of something. It is often used to convey the idea of being rich or having an excess. In a sentence, it would indicate that a group of people or things are experiencing a state of plenty or superabundance.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΛΟΥΤΕΩ, ΥΠΕΡΠΕΡΙΣΣΕΥΩ

G3079

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ly-MOH

Translations: meadow, a meadow, pasture, a pasture

Notes: This word refers to a meadow or a pasture, a grassy field where animals might graze. It is typically used to describe an open, green area. While the provided examples show it as part of proper names, its core meaning is a natural, open field.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΗ, ΒΟΣΚΗΜΑ

Etymology: The word 'ΛΕΙΜΩΝ' (leimon) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'λειβω' (leibo), meaning 'to pour', perhaps referring to a well-watered place.

G5602

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OH-deh

Translations: here, hither, in this place, to this place

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating location or direction, meaning 'here' or 'to this place'. It is used to point to a specific location or to indicate movement towards the speaker or a particular spot. For example, it can be used in commands like 'Come here!' or to state that something is located 'here'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΝΘΑΔΕ, ΕΝΤΑΥΘΑ

Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *ho- (this) and the locative suffix -de. It indicates proximity to the speaker.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-POL-loo-my

Translations: I perish, I am destroyed, I am lost, I am ruined

Notes: This word is the first person singular present indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'apollymi'. It means 'I perish', 'I am destroyed', or 'I am lost'. It describes a state of being ruined, lost, or brought to an end, often implying a complete and irreversible destruction or loss. It can be used to describe physical death, spiritual ruin, or the loss of something valuable.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΟΛΛΥΜΑΙ, ΦΘΕΙΡΟΜΑΙ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ

G0450

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-STAS

Translations: having risen, rising, standing up, having stood up, having appeared, appearing, having been raised, being raised

Notes: This word is the masculine singular nominative active aorist participle of the verb 'ἀνίστημι' (anistēmi). It describes an action that has already occurred or is completed in relation to the main verb, indicating someone or something that has risen, stood up, or been raised. It is often used to refer to resurrection or a general act of rising.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Active, Aorist Participle

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: por-YOO-soh-my

Translations: I will go, I will travel, I will depart, I will proceed

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to go', 'to travel', 'to depart', or 'to proceed'. It is used to describe movement from one place to another, often with a sense of purpose or direction. It can be used in various contexts, such as physically moving, or metaphorically 'going' in a certain direction in life or action. This specific form indicates a future action.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΥΠΑΓΩ

G2046

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-ROH

Translations: I will say, I will speak, I will tell, I will ask

Notes: This word is a future tense form of the verb 'lego' (to say, speak). It indicates an action of speaking or asking that will happen in the future. It is often used to introduce direct speech or to express an intention to communicate something.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΙΠΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΡΩ is the future stem of the verb ΛΕΓΩ (lego), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. Its origin can be traced back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to collecting or speaking.

G3772

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oo-ra-NOS

Translations: heaven, a heaven, sky, the sky

Notes: This word refers to the physical sky or the spiritual heavens, often used in a singular or plural sense. It can denote the abode of God, the celestial sphere, or simply the atmosphere above the earth. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the context, but it consistently refers to the celestial realm.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΗΡ, ΚΟΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ουρανός' (ouranos) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is the source of the Latin 'Uranus' and related terms in other languages.

G3765

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OO-keh-tee

Translations: no longer, no more, not yet, not still

Notes: This word is a compound adverb formed from ΟΥΚ (not) and ΕΤΙ (yet, still). It signifies the cessation of a state or action, meaning 'no longer' or 'no more'. It indicates that something that was true or happening previously is no longer the case. For example, if someone 'no longer' does something, it means they used to do it but have stopped.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΚΕΤΙ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥΚ (not) and the adverb ΕΤΙ (yet, still). Its meaning is derived directly from the combination of these two elements.

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-mee

Translations: to be, I am, you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, they are, to exist, to happen, to occur, to come to pass

Notes: This is the Greek verb 'to be', one of the most fundamental verbs in the language. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being. It can function as a linking verb, connecting the subject to a predicate noun or adjective, or it can indicate simple existence or occurrence. Its meaning often depends on the context and the case of the noun or pronoun it accompanies.

Inflection: Infinitive or First Person Singular Present Active Indicative. It is a highly irregular verb with many forms for person, number, tense, mood, and voice.

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'eimi' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is a very ancient and fundamental verb found across many Indo-European languages.

G0514

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AX-ee-os

Translations: worthy, deserving, suitable, fitting, a worthy, a deserving

Notes: This word is an adjective that describes something or someone as having a certain value, merit, or suitability. It is used to indicate that a person or thing is deserving of something, whether it be praise, punishment, or a particular status. It can also mean that something is appropriate or fitting for a given situation. For example, one might be 'worthy of honor' or an action might be 'fitting for the occasion'.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ, ΕΠΙΤΗΔΕΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΞΙΟΣ' is believed to derive from the Proto-Indo-European root *ag- meaning 'to drive, draw, move'. It is related to concepts of weighing or balancing, suggesting a sense of having equal weight or value.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G2064

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EEL-then

Translations: he came, she came, it came, he went, she went, it went

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'he/she/it came' or 'he/she/it went'. It is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), which means 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes a completed action of movement in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΗΚΕΝ, ΕΒΗ

Etymology: The verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move' or 'to go'.

G2089

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EH-tee

Translations: still, yet, even, besides, further, moreover, again, no longer

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate continuation, addition, or emphasis. It can mean 'still' or 'yet' when referring to something ongoing, 'further' or 'moreover' when adding information, or 'even' for emphasis. It can also be used with a negative to mean 'no longer' or 'not yet'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΙ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eti, meaning 'beyond, in addition'. It is related to the English word 'et' (and).

G0568

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-peh-KHON-tos

Translations: (of) being distant, (of) being far, (of) having received in full, (of) having enough

Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the present active participle of the verb ἀπέχω (apechō). It describes something or someone that is 'being distant' or 'being far away'. In a financial context, it can mean 'having received in full' or 'having enough', indicating that a payment has been fully rendered and accepted. Its meaning depends on the context, often implying separation or completion.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: APESTOS, MAKRA

G4697

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ess-plang-KHNI-sthee

Translations: he had compassion, he felt pity, he was moved with pity, he was moved with compassion

Notes: This word describes a deep, visceral feeling of compassion or pity, often originating from the innermost being or 'bowels'. It signifies a strong emotional response to the suffering or plight of others, leading to an urge to help. It is frequently used in the New Testament to describe Jesus's profound empathy for people.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΤΕΙΡΩ, ΕΛΕΕΩ

G5143

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: drah-MOHN

Translations: running, having run, ran

Notes: ΔΡΑΜΩΝ is the aorist active participle of the verb ΤΡΕΧΩ, meaning 'to run'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. It can be translated as 'running' or 'having run', indicating an action completed in the past relative to the main verb. For example, 'he, having run, arrived'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΘΕΩ, ΔΙΩΚΩ

Etymology: The verb ΤΡΕΧΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European *dregʰ-, meaning 'to run'.

G1968

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-PEH-sen

Translations: fell upon, fell on, came upon, overtook, seized

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb 'πίπτω' (pipto), meaning 'to fall'. Therefore, it means 'to fall upon' or 'to fall on'. It describes an action where something or someone descends or lands on another, often with force or suddenness. It can also imply an overwhelming or seizing action, such as a spirit or fear coming upon someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ

G2705

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-fee-LEE-sen

Translations: he kissed, she kissed, it kissed, he kissed fervently, she kissed fervently, it kissed fervently

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'καταφιλέω' (kataphileō), meaning 'to kiss' or 'to kiss fervently'. The prefix 'κατα-' (kata-) intensifies the action of the verb, suggesting a strong or repeated kissing, often translated as 'kissed much' or 'kissed fervently'. It describes an action completed in the past by a single subject (he, she, or it).

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΙΛΕΩ, ΚΥΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'καταφιλέω' (kataphileō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against' and used here to intensify the action, and the verb 'φιλέω' (phileō), meaning 'to love' or 'to kiss'.

G5035

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: ta-KHOO

Translations: quick, swift, fast, quickly, swiftly, soon, immediately

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'quick' or 'swift', describing something that moves or happens at a high speed. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'quickly', 'swiftly', 'soon', or 'immediately', indicating the manner or timing of an action. For example, it can describe a 'swift witness' or an action that happens 'quickly'.

Inflection: Neuter Singular Nominative or Accusative (as adjective), Adverbial form (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΕΩΣ, ΑΙΦΝΙΔΙΩΣ, ΣΠΕΥΔΩ

Etymology: The word ΤΑΧΥ (tachy) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *teh₂g- meaning 'to touch, to handle', which evolved to imply speed or quickness in Greek.

G1627

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-en-ENG-ka-tai

Translations: bring out, carry out, take out, bring forth, produce

Notes: This word is a verb, meaning 'to bring out,' 'to carry out,' or 'to produce.' It is a compound word formed from 'ΕΚ' (out of) and 'ΦΕΡΩ' (to bear, carry). In this specific form, it is an Aorist Middle Imperative, meaning it expresses a command or instruction for someone to perform the action of bringing out, with the subject participating in or benefiting from the action. It is often used in contexts of bringing something from an inside place to an outside place, or producing something.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Imperative, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΦΕΡΩ, ΠΡΟΦΕΡΩ, ΕΚΚΟΜΙΖΩ

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DOH-teh

Translations: give, grant, allow, entrust, deliver

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to give' or 'to grant'. It is used as a command or an exhortation, instructing someone or a group of people to perform the action of giving. It can also imply entrusting something to someone or delivering something.

Inflection: Second Person Plural, Aorist Active, Imperative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΔΩΜΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃-, meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated verb, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs.

G4618

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: see-TEV-ton

Translations: fattened, a fattened one

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'fattened' or 'fed with grain'. It is often used to describe animals, particularly calves or livestock, that have been specially fed to make them plump for slaughter or a feast. It implies a well-nourished and prepared animal.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΙΩΝ, ΠΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΙΤΕΥΩ (siteuō) comes from σῖτος (sitos), meaning 'grain' or 'food'. Thus, it literally means 'to feed with grain' or 'to fatten'.

G2380

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: THOO-sah-teh

Translations: sacrifice, offer, slay, kill

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to sacrifice,' 'to offer,' or 'to slay/kill,' especially in a ritualistic context. It is often used in commands or instructions related to religious offerings or the killing of animals for food or sacrifice. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'You all sacrifice the lamb' or 'Offer a prayer.'

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ, ΣΦΑΖΩ, ΑΝΑΦΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word 'ΘΥΩ' (thyō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to rush, to rage, to smoke.' It originally referred to the rising smoke of a sacrifice, and later to the act of sacrificing itself.

G5315

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: fah-GON-tes

Translations: eating, having eaten, who ate

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having eaten' or 'who ate'. It describes an action of eating that has been completed before the main action of the sentence. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate that the subject performed the action of eating.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΣΘΙΩ

Etymology: The verb φάγω (phagō) is a suppletive aorist form of ἐσθίω (esthiō), meaning 'to eat'. Its origin is ancient, tracing back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to consumption.

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G3498

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: NEK-ros

Translations: dead, a dead person, a corpse

Notes: This word refers to something that is dead, lifeless, or deceased. As an adjective, it describes a state of being without life. As a noun, it refers to a dead body or a deceased individual. In Koine Greek, it can be used literally for physical death or metaphorically for spiritual death or insensitivity.

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, Neuter; Singular, Plural; All cases

Synonyms: ΤΕΘΝΗΚΩΣ, ΑΨΥΧΟΣ, ΠΤΩΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΝΕΚΡΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *neḱ- 'to perish, disappear'. It is related to words meaning 'death' or 'corpse' in various Indo-European languages.

G0757

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EER-xan-toh

Translations: they began, they started

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist middle/passive indicative form of the verb 'archomai', meaning 'to begin' or 'to start'. It indicates an action that was initiated in the past by a group of people, often with the sense of taking the lead or being the first to do something.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΝΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἄρχω (archō, “to be first, to rule”) + -ομαι (-omai, middle voice suffix).

G4245

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: pres-BYOO-teh-ros

Translations: older, elder, an elder, old man, an old man

Notes: This word describes someone who is older in age or more advanced in years. It can be used as an adjective to describe an older person, or as a noun referring to an 'elder' or 'old man'. In a religious context, particularly in early Christianity, it refers to a leader or official in the church, often translated as 'elder' or 'presbyter'.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΕΡΩΝ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΣ

Etymology: From the comparative form of the adjective πρέσβυς (presbys), meaning 'old' or 'elderly'. It literally means 'older'.

G68

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-GRO

Translations: to a field, in a field, on a field, to the country, in the country, on the country

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΑΓΡΟΣ' (AGROS), which means 'field' or 'countryside'. In Koine Greek, the dative case often indicates location ('in' or 'on') or direction ('to'). Therefore, 'ΑΓΡΩ' typically means 'in/on/to a field' or 'in/on/to the country/countryside'. It refers to an open, uncultivated, or cultivated piece of land outside of a city or village.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It refers to open land, especially for pasturage or cultivation.

G2064

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ER-kho-meh-nos

Translations: coming, going, the one coming, he who comes, about to come

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that is in the process of coming or going. It can also refer to someone who is 'about to come' or 'the one who comes'. Its meaning is dynamic, indicating movement towards or away from a point.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΗ

Etymology: The verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move' or 'to go'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek, used to describe various forms of movement.

G1448

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ENG-ghee-sen

Translations: he approached, it approached, he drew near, it drew near, he came near, it came near

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative third person singular form of the verb 'εγγίζω' (engizo), meaning 'to draw near' or 'to approach'. It describes an action that happened in the past, indicating that someone or something came close to another person or object. It is often used to describe physical proximity or the imminence of an event.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΣΙΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G0191

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-KOO-sen

Translations: he heard, she heard, it heard, he listened, she listened, it listened, he understood, she understood, it understood

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hear', 'to listen', or 'to understand'. It is used to describe the action of perceiving sound or comprehending information. As an aorist tense verb, it describes a completed action in the past, without specifying its duration. It is in the third person singular, meaning the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

G4341

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pros-kal-eh-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having called to oneself, having summoned, having invited, having called, having sent for

Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb 'ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, indicating that they 'called to themselves' or 'summoned' someone. It implies an initiative taken by the subject to bring someone closer, often for a specific purpose like giving instructions or having a discussion.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΣΥΓΚΑΛΕΩ, ΜΕΤΑΠΕΜΠΟΜΑΙ

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-DEL-fos

Translations: brother, a brother, fellow believer, countryman, kinsman

Notes: This word refers primarily to a male sibling, a brother. However, in a broader sense, it can also denote a fellow human being, a countryman, a kinsman, or, especially in a religious context, a fellow believer or disciple. It is commonly used to address or refer to members of a community or group who share a common bond.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΤΗΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΚΝΟΣ

Etymology: From the prefix 'α-' (a-) meaning 'together' and 'δελφύς' (delphys) meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb', referring to siblings.

G2380, G3182

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-thoo-sen, eh-MEH-thoo-sen

Translations: he sacrificed, he offered, he slew, he was drunk, he made drunk, he intoxicated

Notes: This word is ambiguous due to the lack of diacritics in the ancient text. It could be a form of 'θύω' (thyo), meaning 'to sacrifice' or 'to slay', or a form of 'μεθύω' (methyo), meaning 'to be drunk' or 'to make drunk'. The context of the sentence would determine the correct meaning. In the provided examples, the context strongly suggests 'μεθύω' (to make drunk or to be drunk).

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΦΑΖΩ, ΠΙΝΩ

G4618

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: see-TEV-toh

Translations: fattened, fatted, well-fed

Notes: This word describes something that has been fed with grain or fattened, typically referring to an animal, especially a calf or ox, prepared for slaughter or a feast. It implies that the animal is well-nourished and plump. In a sentence, it would modify a noun like 'calf' or 'ox', indicating its condition.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΙΩΝ, ΠΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word derives from the Koine Greek verb ΣΙΤΕΥΩ (siteuō), meaning 'to feed with grain, to fatten', which itself comes from ΣΙΤΟΣ (sitos), meaning 'grain, corn, food'.

G5198

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: hy-GY-noh-n-tah

Translations: healthy, sound, well, being healthy, those who are healthy

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to be healthy' or 'to be sound'. It describes someone or something that is in a state of good health or soundness. It can be used to refer to people who are healthy or things that are in good condition.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΥΕΚΤΩΝ, ΕΥΡΩΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word originates from the Greek word 'ὑγιής' (hygiēs), meaning 'healthy' or 'sound', which is also the root of the English word 'hygiene'.

G0001, G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-LAH-ben

Translations: received back, took back, got back, recovered

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ΑΠΟ' (APO), meaning 'from' or 'back', and the verb 'ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ' (LAMBANO), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. Therefore, 'ΑΠΕΛΑΒΕΝ' means 'he/she/it received back' or 'he/she/it took back'. It implies receiving something that was previously given or due, or recovering something lost. It is often used in contexts of repayment, restoration, or getting something back.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G3710

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: or-GISS-thay

Translations: he was angry, she was angry, it was angry, became angry, was enraged

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist, passive, indicative form of the verb 'οργιζομαι' (orgizomai), meaning 'to be angry' or 'to become angry'. It describes an action of becoming angry that occurred in the past and was completed. The passive voice indicates that the subject of the verb was the one experiencing the anger, rather than actively causing it in someone else.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΟΜΑΙ, ΑΓΑΝΑΚΤΕΩ

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.

G2309

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-theh-len

Translations: he wanted, she wanted, it wanted, he wished, she wished, it wished, he desired, she desired, it desired

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to want', 'to wish', or 'to desire'. It is in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing, continuous, or repeated action in the past. It describes what someone was wanting or wishing to do.

Inflection: Third person singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΛΩ (thelo) comes from an ancient Greek root meaning 'to wish' or 'to be willing'.

G3870

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-reh-KAH-lei

Translations: he was calling alongside, he was exhorting, he was comforting, he was urging, he was appealing, he was entreating

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb παρακαλέω (parakaleō). It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It means to call someone to one's side, to summon, to invite, to encourage, to exhort, to comfort, to console, to appeal to, or to entreat.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΛΗΤΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ

G0611

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-kree-THEIS

Translations: having answered, answering, replied, having replied

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'apokrinomai', meaning 'to answer' or 'to reply'. It describes an action that has already occurred or is occurring, often functioning adverbially to indicate that someone spoke in response to something. It is frequently used in narrative contexts to introduce a character's response.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΠΩΝ

G1398

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doo-LEH-oo-oh

Translations: to serve, to be a slave, to obey, to be subject to

Notes: This verb means to serve, to be a slave, or to be in subjection to someone or something. It implies a state of servitude, whether voluntary or involuntary, and can refer to serving a master, a cause, or even a sin. It is often used to describe the relationship between a servant and their lord, or a person and God.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΕΩ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: From the noun ΔΟΥΛΟΣ (DOULOS), meaning 'slave' or 'bondservant'. The verb literally means 'to be a slave' or 'to act as a slave'.

G4771

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G3763

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: oo-deh-POH-teh

Translations: never, at no time

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'never' or 'at no time'. It is used to express a complete negation of an action or state occurring at any point in time. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He never came' or 'It will never happen'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΠΟΤΕ, ΟΥΔΕΠΩ

Etymology: From the negative particle ΟΥΔΕ (oude, 'not even, nor') and the indefinite adverb ΠΟΤΕ (pote, 'at some time, ever'). Together, they form the meaning 'not even ever', hence 'never'.

G3928

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EEL-thon

Translations: I passed by, they passed by, it passed away, I went by, they went by, it went away, I came by, they came by, it came away, I passed away, they passed away, it passed away, I disappeared, they disappeared, it disappeared

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'along', and the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. The combined meaning is 'to pass by', 'to go past', 'to come alongside', or 'to pass away' in the sense of ceasing to exist or disappearing. It is used to describe movement past something or the cessation of something.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOH-kas

Translations: you gave, you have given, you did give

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to give' or 'to grant'. It is used to describe an action of giving that occurred in the past, often with a sense of completion. It can be used in various contexts where something is handed over, bestowed, or provided to someone else.

Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩ, ΠΑΡΕΔΩΚΑΣ, ΑΠΕΔΩΚΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated verb, characteristic of ancient Greek.

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3753

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OH-teh

Translations: when, whenever, at which time

Notes: This word functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, indicating a point or period in time. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies when an action occurs or occurred, similar to 'when' or 'whenever' in English. It can refer to a specific past event or a general, recurring condition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΗΝΙΚΑ, ΟΠΟΤΕ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the particle 'te' (then, at that time). It originally meant 'at that time when'.

G2719

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-fah-GOHN

Translations: having devoured, who devoured, devouring, consuming, eating up

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb καταφάγω, meaning 'to eat up,' 'to consume,' or 'to devour.' As a participle, it describes an action performed by the subject, often functioning like an adjective or an adverb. It can be translated as a relative clause (e.g., 'the one who devoured') or an adverbial clause (e.g., 'after he devoured'). The prefix 'κατά-' intensifies the action of 'eating,' implying complete consumption.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΣΘΙΩ, ΑΝΑΛΙΣΚΩ

G2380

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-THOO-sas

Translations: you sacrificed, you offered, you slew, you killed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to sacrifice,' 'to offer,' 'to slay,' or 'to kill,' particularly in a ritual or religious context. It describes the act of making an offering, often involving the killing of an animal, to a deity. It can also be used more generally for killing or slaughtering.

Inflection: Second Person Singular, Aorist Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΦΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΘΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΘΥΩ (thyō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to make a smoke offering.' In ancient Greek, it evolved to refer to the act of sacrificing, often by burning, and later broadened to include the slaying of animals for ritual purposes.

G3448

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MOS-kho

Translations: calf, a calf, young bull, a young bull, bullock, a bullock, (of) a calf, (to) a calf

Notes: This word refers to a young bovine animal, specifically a calf or a young bull. It is commonly used in ancient texts to denote an animal used for sacrifice or as livestock. In the provided context, it refers to an idol in the form of a calf.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΣ, ΤΑΥΡΟΣ

Etymology: The etymology of ΜΟΣΧΟΣ is uncertain, but it is believed to be of pre-Greek origin or related to a root meaning 'tender' or 'young'.

G5043

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEK-non

Translations: child, a child, son, a son, daughter, a daughter

Notes: This word refers to a child, offspring, or descendant. It can be used broadly to refer to a son or daughter, or more generally to a young person. It is often used in a tender or affectionate way, similar to how 'my child' or 'dear child' might be used in English. It can also be used metaphorically to refer to someone who is a spiritual 'child' or follower of another.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΑΙΣ, ΥΙΟΣ, ΘΥΓΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: From the root τίκτω (tiktō), meaning 'to beget' or 'to bear'. It refers to that which is born or produced.

G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: AY

Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be

Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.

G3960

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-TAS-soh

Translations: strike, smite, hit, beat, wound

Notes: This word is likely a misspelling or an incomplete form of the verb 'πατάσσω' (patassō), which means 'to strike, smite, or hit'. It is used to describe the act of delivering a blow or impact, often with force. For example, it can refer to striking someone, hitting an object, or even a natural force like the sun striking something.

Inflection: Imperative, Aorist, Active, Second Person Singular (if it were πατάξατε, but it's not a standard form)

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΤΤΩ, ΤΥΠΤΩ, ΚΟΠΤΩ

G2165

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-fran-THEE-nai

Translations: to be glad, to rejoice, to be merry, to make merry

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'euphraino'. It describes the action of being made glad or rejoicing. It is often used to express a state of happiness or merriment, particularly in a context of feasting or celebration. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often appearing after prepositions or other verbs, indicating purpose or result.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ

Etymology: The verb ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ (euphrainō) is derived from the Greek prefix ΕΥ- (eu-), meaning 'well' or 'good', and the root ΦΡΗΝ (phrēn), meaning 'mind' or 'heart'. Thus, it literally means 'to be well-minded' or 'to be in good spirits'.

G1163

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-dei

Translations: it was necessary, it was proper, it was fitting, one had to, one ought to

Notes: ΕΔΕΙ is the imperfect active indicative form of the impersonal verb ΔΕΙ. It signifies that something was necessary, proper, or fitting in the past. It often implies a moral obligation, a divine necessity, or a logical consequence. It is typically followed by an infinitive or a clause introduced by ἵνα (hina) or ὅπως (hopos).

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΝ, ΠΡΟΣΗΚΕΝ