Book One Chapter 36, Interlinear version from Josephus' Against Apion (Beta)

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G5105

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOY-noon

Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so then

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate a logical consequence or transition. It often introduces a conclusion, a summary, or a new point that follows from what has just been said. It can be translated as 'therefore,' 'then,' or 'accordingly,' signaling that what follows is a result or a logical next step.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the demonstrative particle τοι (toi), meaning 'indeed, surely,' and the enclitic particle νυν (nun), meaning 'now, then.' It emphasizes a logical connection or consequence.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G0159

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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: ai-TI-on

Translations: cause, a cause, reason, a reason, responsible, guilty, blame

Notes: This word refers to the cause or reason for something, or someone who is responsible or guilty for an action or outcome. It can function as both a noun, meaning 'a cause' or 'a reason,' and as an adjective, meaning 'responsible' or 'guilty.' It is often used to identify the origin or source of an event or state.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑἸΤΙΑ, ΠΡΟΦΑΣΙΣ, ΑΡΧΗ

Etymology: The word originates from the Greek verb αἰτέω (aitéō), meaning 'to ask, beg, or demand.' Over time, it evolved to refer to that which is asked for or demanded as a reason or cause.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G0459

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-no-mah-LEE-as

Translations: of irregularity, of unevenness, of anomaly, of inconsistency

Notes: This word refers to a state of being irregular, uneven, or inconsistent. It describes a deviation from the normal or expected order, often implying a lack of uniformity or a moral failing. It is used to describe situations or behaviors that are out of line with what is considered proper or standard.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΤΑΞΙΑ, ΑΣΤΑΘΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΩΜΑΛΙΑ (anōmalia) comes from the Greek adjective ἀνώμαλος (anōmalos), meaning 'uneven, irregular,' which is a compound of ἀν- (an-), a negative prefix meaning 'not,' and ὁμαλός (homalos), meaning 'even, level, uniform.'

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G4012

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G1473

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G3303

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G5274

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-po-lam-BAH-no

Translations: to take up, to receive, to suppose, to assume, to answer, to interrupt

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (under, below) and the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (to take, to receive). Its meaning varies depending on context, ranging from physically taking something up or receiving it, to mentally supposing or assuming something. It can also mean to answer someone or to interrupt a conversation.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΑΙ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G0227

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-lay-THAY

Translations: true, real, genuine, (the) true things, (the) real things

Notes: This word describes something as true, real, or genuine, as opposed to false, counterfeit, or imaginary. It can be used to describe people, statements, or concepts. For example, it can refer to a 'true man' or 'true justice'. It is an adjective that modifies nouns.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative; or Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἈΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ, ΓΝΗΣΙΟΣ, ΕΤΥΜΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, 'un-') and λήθω (lēthō, 'to escape notice, be hidden'), meaning 'unhidden' or 'not concealed'.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G5449

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: FY-sin

Translations: nature, a nature, kind, a kind, birth, a birth, natural order, a natural order, natural disposition, a natural disposition

Notes: This word refers to the inherent character, constitution, or essential quality of something or someone. It can describe the natural order of things, the way something is born or comes into being, or the innate disposition of a person or animal. It is often used in contrast to things that are artificial, man-made, or contrary to the natural order.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΟΥΣΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΙΣ

G4920

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-ee-DEIN

Translations: to see together, to perceive, to discern, to understand, to comprehend, to realize, to observe, to notice

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb ὁράω (horaō, meaning 'to see'). It means to see or perceive something together, or to understand and comprehend it fully. It implies a deeper level of perception or insight beyond mere observation, often involving a realization or discernment of a situation or truth. It can be used to describe the act of noticing or observing something, or coming to an understanding of it.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΕΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G3745

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: OH-son

Translations: as much as, as many as, as great as, how much, how many, how great, as far as, as long as, as soon as, as

Notes: This word is a relative adjective or pronominal adjective, meaning 'as much as' or 'as many as'. It is often used to indicate quantity, extent, or degree. When used as an adverb, it can mean 'as far as', 'as long as', or 'as soon as'. It can introduce a clause that specifies a measure or comparison. For example, 'as much as you want' or 'as many people as there are'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΠΟΣΟΣ, ΗΛΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun *ho* (the) and the suffix -sos, indicating quantity or measure. It is related to ὅς (hos, 'who, which') and τοσοῦτος (tosoutos, 'so great, so much').

G2983

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-BANE

Translations: to take, to receive, to get, to seize, to grasp, to obtain

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to take' or 'to receive', indicating the action itself without specifying a subject or tense, often used after other verbs or prepositions. It can refer to physically taking something, receiving a gift or information, or grasping a concept.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *slegh- ('to seize, to take'). In Greek, it developed into 'λαμβάνω', meaning 'to take, to grasp, to receive'.

G0196

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-kree-BEE

Translations: accurate, exact, precise, strict, careful, an accurate, an exact, a precise, a strict, a careful

Notes: This word describes something as accurate, exact, precise, or strict. It is used to qualify a noun, indicating a high degree of correctness, thoroughness, or adherence to a standard. For example, it can describe a precise measurement, a strict rule, or an accurate account.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ, ΕΞΑΚΡΙΒΩΜΕΝΟΣ

G1291

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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: dee-oh-ree-SAN-tas

Translations: having defined, having determined, having appointed, those who defined, those who determined, those who appointed

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'διορίζω' (diorizo), meaning 'to define', 'to determine', or 'to appoint'. As a participle, it describes an action completed in the past by the subject. It is a compound word formed from 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and 'ὁρίζω' (horizo), meaning 'to set a boundary' or 'to define'. Thus, it conveys the idea of setting clear boundaries or making a precise determination.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΟΡΙΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΙΟΡΙΖΩ

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G3778

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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G4160

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-ay-SAH-sthai

Translations: to make for oneself, to do for oneself, to cause to be done, to perform, to accomplish

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō). In the middle voice, the action of the verb is performed by the subject for its own benefit or with a direct involvement of the subject in the result. Therefore, it means 'to make for oneself' or 'to do for oneself', often implying an action that the subject causes to happen or performs for their own advantage or interest.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΙ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΣΘΑΙ

G0243

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Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G5618

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G0243

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun, Adverb

Sounds like: AL-lo

Translations: other, another, different, an other, another thing

Notes: This word refers to something distinct or different from what has already been mentioned or is currently under consideration. It can be used to describe a different person, thing, or concept. It often functions as an adjective modifying a noun, but can also stand alone as a pronoun meaning 'another one' or 'another thing'. When used adverbially, it can mean 'otherwise' or 'in another way'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἙΤΕΡΟΣ, ἈΛΛΟΤΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΛΛΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G5337

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: fah-oo-LOH-tah-tohn

Translations: of the worst, of the most worthless, of the most base, of the most evil, of the most vile

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'φαῦλος' (phaulos), which means 'worthless, base, evil, or bad'. As a superlative, 'φαυλότατος' means 'worst' or 'most worthless'. The genitive plural form 'φαυλοτάτων' indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of the worst' or 'of the most worthless' things or people. It is used to describe something that is of the lowest quality or moral character.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders, Superlative

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΙΣΤΩΝ, ΠΟΝΗΡΟΤΑΤΩΝ, ΑΧΡΕΙΟΤΑΤΩΝ

G3748

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: HOS-tee-nas

Translations: whomever, whichever, whatever, anyone whom, any whom

Notes: This word is an indefinite relative pronoun, meaning 'whoever' or 'whatever'. It is a compound word formed from the relative pronoun 'ὅς' (hos, 'who') and the indefinite pronoun 'τις' (tis, 'anyone'). It is used to refer to an unspecified person or thing that meets a certain condition. In this form, 'ΟΥΣΤΙΝΑΣ' is the masculine or feminine accusative plural, meaning 'whomever' or 'any whom'. It functions as the direct object of a verb.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΙΤΙΝΕΣ, ΟΥΣ

G0302

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G1521

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-AH-gein

Translations: to bring in, to lead in, to introduce, to bring forward

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb ΕἸΣΆΓΩ. It means to bring or lead someone or something into a place, or to introduce a topic or person. It can also mean to bring forward an argument or a witness in a legal context.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕἸΣΦΈΡΩ, ΕἸΣΠΟΡΕΎΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into', and ἌΓΩ (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'.

G3958

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: PAS-khon-tas

Translations: suffering, enduring, experiencing, undergoing, being affected, a sufferer

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'suffering' or 'experiencing'. It describes someone who is currently undergoing an action or state, often one that is difficult or painful. It can be used to describe someone who is suffering from an illness, enduring hardship, or simply experiencing something, whether good or bad. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used substantively as 'one who suffers'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΩΝ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G4175

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: po-li-to-gra-FEIN

Translations: to register as a citizen, to enroll as a citizen, to naturalize

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to register as a citizen' or 'to enroll someone as a citizen'. It is formed from 'πολίτης' (citizen) and 'γράφω' (to write, to register). It describes the act of officially recording someone's status as a citizen, often implying the process of naturalization or granting citizenship.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΡΑΦΕΙΝ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΕΙΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound of two Greek terms: 'πολίτης' (politēs), meaning 'citizen', and 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write' or 'to register'. The combination signifies the act of writing down or registering someone as a citizen.

G2596

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G5586

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: psay-FEES-mah

Translations: decree, a decree, resolution, a resolution, vote, a vote

Notes: This word refers to a formal decision or resolution, typically one made by a public body or assembly, often through a process of voting. It signifies an official pronouncement or a legislative act. It can be used in sentences to describe a law, an edict, or a formal decision that has been passed.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΟΓΜΑ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΓΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΨΗΦΙΣΜΑ (psephisma) is derived from the verb ψηφίζω (psēphizō), meaning 'to vote' or 'to count with pebbles', which in turn comes from ψῆφος (psēphos), meaning 'pebble' (used for voting or counting). Thus, it literally means 'that which has been voted on' or 'a decision made by voting'.

G2039

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-TEE-dee-on

Translations: suitable, convenient, necessary, useful, proper, fit, advantageous, a suitable thing, a necessary thing, provisions, supplies

Notes: This word, when used as an adjective, describes something as suitable, convenient, or necessary for a particular purpose or situation. It can also mean useful, proper, or advantageous. When used as a neuter noun, it refers to things that are necessary or useful, such as provisions or supplies. For example, it might describe a suitable place for an army to encamp, or the provisions needed for a journey.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΣ, ΕΥΘΕΤΟΣ, ΑΝΑΓΚΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb τηδέω (tēdeō), meaning 'to care for' or 'to attend to'. It originally conveyed the idea of being 'cared for' or 'attended to', thus becoming 'suitable' or 'convenient'.

G2222

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: zoh-GRA-foy

Translations: painters, artists, a painter, an artist

Notes: This word refers to painters or artists, specifically those who create images or pictures. It is a compound word formed from 'ζωός' (living) and 'γράφω' (to write, draw, or paint), literally meaning 'one who draws living things' or 'one who paints life'. It is used to describe individuals engaged in the art of painting or drawing.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΕΙΣ, ΤΕΧΝΙΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word ζωγράφος (zōgraphos) is a compound of two Greek words: ζωός (zōos), meaning 'living' or 'alive', and γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write', 'to draw', or 'to paint'. Thus, it literally means 'one who draws or paints living things'.

G4111

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAS-tai

Translations: molder, a molder, shaper, a shaper, sculptor, a sculptor, potter, a potter, fabricator, a fabricator, deceiver, a deceiver

Notes: This word refers to someone who molds or shapes things, such as a sculptor, potter, or craftsman. It can also metaphorically refer to someone who fabricates or invents, often implying deceit or falsehood, like a deceiver or a forger of lies. In the provided context, it appears alongside 'painters' (ζωγράφοι), suggesting the meaning of sculptors or artists who work with shaping materials.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΟΣ, ΤΕΧΝΙΤΗΣ, ΨΕΥΣΤΗΣ

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G3844

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G0658

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-LAU-san

Translations: they enjoyed, they received, they got, they obtained

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to enjoy', 'to receive', or 'to obtain'. It implies experiencing the benefits or fruits of something. It is often used with a genitive case object, indicating what is being enjoyed or received. For example, one might 'enjoy' a benefit or 'receive' a reward.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and λαύω (lauō, 'to enjoy, to take'). It signifies taking enjoyment or benefit from something.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G5100

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G3444

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mor-FEN

Translations: form, a form, shape, a shape, appearance, an appearance, nature, a nature

Notes: This word refers to the external appearance or outward shape of something. It can also denote the inherent nature or character of a person or thing, emphasizing what makes it distinct. It is used to describe both physical attributes and essential qualities.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΧΗΜΑ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΟΨΙΣ

Etymology: The etymology of ΜΟΡΦΗ is uncertain, but it is thought to be of pre-Greek origin.

G1902

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-no-OHN

Translations: devising, contriving, inventing, thinking upon, considering

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'devising' or 'contriving'. It describes someone who is actively engaged in thinking up or planning something, often something new or ingenious. It can be used to describe the act of inventing, discovering, or forming a concept in one's mind.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΜΗΧΑΝΑΟΜΑΙ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΤΕΚΜΑΙΡΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἐπινοέω (epinoeō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb νοέω (noeō), meaning 'to perceive', 'to think', or 'to understand'. Thus, it literally means 'to think upon' or 'to think in addition to'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G4111

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: PLAH-ttohn

Translations: forming, molding, shaping, creating, fabricating

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'forming' or 'molding'. It describes the action of shaping or creating something, often out of soft material like clay. It can be used to describe a craftsman or artist at work, or metaphorically, the act of forming ideas or character. It implies a deliberate and skillful act of creation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΩΝ, ΚΤΙΖΩΝ, ΠΟΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word πλάσσω (plassō) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to mold' or 'to form'. It is related to words describing the shaping of pliable materials.

G1125

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: grah-FOHN

Translations: writing, drawing, recording, one who writes, he who writes

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'to write' or 'to draw'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the writing man'), or substantivally, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who writes'). It can also imply the act of recording or registering something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩΝ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩΝ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G3122

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MA-lis-TA

Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'

Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'

G2296

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: thav-mah-ZOH-meh-noy

Translations: being wondered at, being amazed, being marveled at, those being wondered at, those being amazed

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being wondered at' or 'being amazed'. It describes someone or something that is the object of wonder or astonishment. It can be used adjectivally to describe a noun, or adverbially to describe the circumstances of an action.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative or Vocative, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΚΘΑΜΒΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ

G1217

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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: day-mee-oor-GOHN

Translations: of a craftsman, of a builder, of a creator, of a maker, of an artisan, of a master-builder, creating, making, building

Notes: This word can function as a noun, an adjective, or a participle. As a noun or adjective, it refers to a craftsman, builder, or creator, someone who makes or constructs things. As a participle, it describes the action of creating, making, or building. It is a compound word derived from 'δῆμος' (people) and 'ἔργον' (work), literally meaning 'one who works for the people' or 'one who performs public work', evolving to mean a skilled worker or creator.

Inflection: Masculine, Genitive, Plural (Noun/Adjective); Present Active Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter (Participle)

Synonyms: ΤΕΧΝΙΤΗΣ, ΚΤΙΣΤΗΣ, ΠΟΙΗΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΟΣ is a compound of two Greek words: δῆμος (dēmos), meaning 'people' or 'public', and ἔργον (ergon), meaning 'work'. It originally referred to one who performed public work or a skilled worker, and later came to mean a creator or maker.

G1663

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-LEH-phan-tah

Translations: elephant, an elephant

Notes: This word refers to an elephant, a large land mammal. It is used to denote the animal itself, often in contexts describing its physical presence or actions. In this form, it is the accusative singular, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The word "elephant" comes from the Greek word "elephas," which originally referred to ivory, and later to the animal itself. It is believed to be of non-Indo-European origin, possibly from an Egyptian or Semitic source.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G2413

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-RON

Translations: (of) holy, (of) sacred, (of) consecrated, (of) a holy thing, (of) sacred things, (of) holy places

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'holy' or 'sacred'. It describes something belonging to or associated with the divine, a temple, or religious rites. It can also function as a noun in the genitive plural, referring to 'holy things' or 'sacred places'. It is often used to describe objects, places, or actions that are set apart for religious purposes.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΩΝ, ΟΣΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἱερός (hieros) comes from an ancient root meaning 'sacred' or 'holy', often associated with that which is set apart for a deity or religious use. It is related to the concept of sacrifice and divine power.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G2047

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-ray-MEE-ah

Translations: desert, a desert, wilderness, a wilderness, desolation, a desolation, solitude, a solitude

Notes: This word refers to a desolate or uninhabited place, such as a desert or wilderness. It can also denote a state of desolation, loneliness, or solitude. It is often used to describe physical locations that are barren or uncultivated, but can also refer to a metaphorical state of emptiness or abandonment.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἘΡΗΜΟΣ, ἘΡΗΜΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the adjective ἔρημος (erēmos), meaning 'desolate, solitary, uninhabited'. It describes a place or state characterized by emptiness or lack of inhabitants.

G3838

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pan-teh-LOHS

Translations: completely, altogether, entirely, perfectly, utterly

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'completely' or 'entirely'. It is used to emphasize the absolute or full extent of an action or state, indicating that something is done or exists without reservation or remainder. For example, it can describe something as being 'utterly destroyed' or 'perfectly healed'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΛΩΣ, ΤΕΛΕΙΩΣ, ΑΚΡΑΙΦΝΩΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΝΤΕΛΩΣ is derived from the Greek words πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all', and τέλος (telos), meaning 'end' or 'completion'. Thus, it literally means 'to the very end' or 'all-complete'.

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: em-peh-ris-poo-DAS-tah

Translations: eagerly sought, diligently pursued, highly esteemed, greatly desired, a thing eagerly sought, a thing diligently pursued, a thing highly esteemed, a thing greatly desired

Notes: This word describes something that is eagerly sought after, diligently pursued, or highly esteemed. It refers to things that are considered very important or valuable and are therefore the object of great effort or desire. It is often used in a context where something is being carefully attended to or given much thought.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΤΙΜΟΣ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΗΤΟΣ, ΑΞΙΟΛΟΓΟΣ

G2512

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-THAR-seh-see

Translations: to purification, to cleansing, to purging, to purification rites

Notes: This word refers to the act or process of purification, cleansing, or purging. It can be used in both a literal sense, such as physical cleaning, and a figurative or religious sense, referring to spiritual purification or ritual cleansing. It is a compound word, formed from the preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the verb αἴρω (airō, 'to lift, take up'), implying a 'taking down' or 'removing' of impurities.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΙΣΜΟΣ, ΚΑΘΑΡΙΣΜΟΣ

G3831

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pan-to-da-PAIS

Translations: (to/with/by/for) all kinds of, (to/with/by/for) various, (to/with/by/for) manifold

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'of every kind' or 'various'. It describes something that is diverse, manifold, or encompasses a wide range of types or forms. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating that they are composed of or relate to many different sorts of things.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΚΙΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every', and δάπεδον (dapedon), meaning 'ground' or 'surface', implying 'of every kind of ground' or 'from every place', thus extending to 'of every kind'.

G4029

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: peh-ree-kos-moo-MEH-nah

Translations: adorned, decorated, embellished, adorned all around, decorated all around

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'perikosmeō', meaning 'to adorn' or 'to decorate'. It describes something that is being or has been adorned or decorated, often implying a surrounding or comprehensive embellishment. It is used to describe things that are beautifully arranged or embellished.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΟΥΜΕΝΑ, ΚΑΛΛΩΠΙΖΟΜΕΝΑ

G1899

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AYTH

Translations: then, thereupon, next, afterward

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'thereupon'. It is often used in conjunction with 'οὕτως' (houtōs), meaning 'thus' or 'so', to indicate a sequence of events, as in 'then thus' or 'then in this way'. The form ΕἸΘ is an elision of Εἶτα (eita), where the final alpha has been dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, often οὕτως.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΞΗΣ, ΥΣΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: The word Εἶτα (eita), from which ΕἸΘ is an elision, is an ancient Greek adverb derived from the demonstrative pronoun stem *e- (this, that). It indicates sequence or consequence.

G4387

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G5092

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tee-MAYS

Translations: to honors, with honors, by honors, to prices, with prices, by prices, to values, with values, by values

Notes: ΤΙΜΑΙΣ is the dative plural form of the feminine noun ΤΙΜΗ, meaning 'honor,' 'respect,' 'price,' or 'value.' In the dative case, it often indicates the means by which something is done, the recipient of an action, or the reason for something. For example, it could mean 'by means of honors' or 'with respect to values.'

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΞΙΑ, ΣΕΒΑΣ, ΔΟΞΑ

G0001

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ak-MA-san-tes

Translations: having reached the prime, having come to full bloom, having been at the peak, having been in full vigor

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'akmazo', meaning 'to be at the prime' or 'to be in full bloom'. It describes someone or something that has reached its peak, its full vigor, or its most flourishing state. It is used to indicate a completed action of reaching a state of maturity or excellence.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΘΑΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ΑΝΘΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G1208

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: dehf-TEH-rah

Translations: second, a second, the second

Notes: This word means 'second' and is the feminine singular form of the adjective 'δεύτερος'. It can be used to describe something as being in the second position or order. It is often used substantively, meaning 'the second one' (referring to a feminine noun) or 'the second thing'. It can also refer to the second day of the week, Monday.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'δευτέρα' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to follow' or 'to yield'. It is related to the concept of being next in sequence.

G5010

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TA-xey

Translations: (to) order, (to) arrangement, (to) rank, (to) course, (to) position

Notes: This word refers to an orderly arrangement, a fixed position, a rank, or a course of action. It implies a structured or organized state of things. In a sentence, it would typically indicate the manner or state in which something is done or exists, often in a dative construction meaning 'in order' or 'in a certain arrangement'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΟΣ, ΔΙΑΤΑΓΗ, ΤΑΓΜΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange, to put in order'. It refers to the result of arranging or ordering something.

G5259

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-po-bev-LEEN-tai

Translations: they have been subjected, they have been put under, they have been laid under, they have been submitted

Notes: This is a verb indicating that something or someone has been placed or brought under the authority, influence, or control of another. It can also mean to be subjected to something, or to be submitted for consideration. It is used to describe a state of having been placed in a subordinate or underlying position.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Perfect, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΥΠΟΤΑΣΣΩ

G3779

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OO-toh

Translations: thus, so, in this way, in like manner

Notes: This word is an adverb of manner, indicating how something is done or the way in which something occurs. It can also refer to the extent or degree of something. It is often used to introduce a consequence or a comparison, meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It is an older form of ΟΥΤΩΣ, and both forms are used interchangeably in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΩΣ, ΩΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos, 'this'). It indicates 'in this manner' or 'thus', referring back to something previously mentioned or implied.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G2163

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-FEE-moh-teh-ron

Translations: more well-spoken, more auspicious, more reverent, more favorable, more sacred

Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'εὔφημος' (euphēmos), meaning 'well-spoken' or 'auspicious'. As a comparative, it means 'more well-spoken' or 'more auspicious'. It is used to describe something that is more fitting, proper, or reverent in speech or in its nature. It can also imply something that is more favorable or sacred.

Inflection: Comparative, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΛΙΟΝ, ΛΥΣΙΤΕΛΕΣΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'εὔφημος' (euphēmos) is a compound word derived from 'εὖ' (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and 'φήμη' (phēmē), meaning 'speech' or 'reputation'. Thus, it literally means 'well-spoken' or 'having a good reputation'.

G0243

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-loy

Translations: others, some others, different ones

Notes: This word refers to other people or things, distinct from those already mentioned or implied. It is used to indicate a difference or distinction between entities. For example, it can be used to say 'some others' or 'different ones' in a sentence.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine; or Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1521

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eis-ah-GO-meh-noi

Translations: being brought in, being led in, being introduced, those being brought in

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is in the process of being brought in, led into a place, or introduced. It is often used to refer to people who are being admitted or presented. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to describe an ongoing action.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΜΕΝΟΙ

G2356

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thrays-KAY-ahss

Translations: (of) religion, (of) worship, (of) religious observance, (of) piety, a religion

Notes: This word refers to religion, worship, or religious observance. It describes the outward expression of one's devotion to a deity or a set of beliefs, often involving rituals, practices, and a system of faith. It is used to speak about the practice or system of a particular faith.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΕΙΑ, ΛΑΤΡΕΙΑ

Etymology: From θρησκεύω (thrēskeuō, "to worship"), which is of uncertain origin, possibly related to θρᾷσσα (thrāssa, "Thracian woman"), referring to the ecstatic worship practices of Thracian cults.

G5177

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: TIN-kha-noo-sin

Translations: they happen, they obtain, they meet, they attain, they get, they fall upon

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to happen,' 'to obtain,' 'to meet,' or 'to attain.' It describes an action where someone or something comes across or acquires something, often by chance or by reaching a certain state or goal. It can be used to indicate that something occurs or that someone receives or experiences something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-rek-BA-see

Translations: digression, deviation, transgression, a digression, a deviation, a transgression

Notes: This word refers to a deviation from a straight path or a proper course. It can mean a digression in speech or writing, a departure from the main subject, or a moral transgression or error. It is a compound word formed from παρά (para, "beside, beyond"), ἐκ (ek, "out of"), and βάσις (basis, "a stepping, a going").

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΛΙΣΙΣ, ΕΚΤΡΟΠΗ, ΠΑΡΑΒΑΣΙΣ

G4280

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-EI-po-men

Translations: we said before, we have said before, we told beforehand, we have told beforehand

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix ΠΡΟ- (pro-), meaning 'before' or 'in advance,' and the verb ΕΙΠΩ (eipō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak.' Therefore, it means 'to say beforehand' or 'to tell in advance.' It is used to refer to something that has already been stated or mentioned earlier in a text or conversation.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΛΕΓΩ, ΠΡΟΦΗΤΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟ (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of,' and the verb ΕΙΠΩ (eipō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak.' The verb ΕΙΠΩ itself is a root verb with a long history in Greek, related to the act of speaking.

G2049

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-ray-moh-THEN-tas

Translations: having been desolated, having been made desolate, having been laid waste, having been deserted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to make desolate'. It describes something or someone that has undergone the process of being made desolate, laid waste, or deserted. It implies a state of abandonment or ruin, often as a result of an action by an external force. It is used to describe places, cities, or even people who have been left empty or destroyed.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΣΘΕΝΤΑΣ, ΚΑΤΕΣΚΑΜΜΕΝΟΥΣ

G2641

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-li-PEIN

Translations: to leave behind, to abandon, to forsake, to desert, to depart from, to bequeath

Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'καταλείπω'. It is a compound verb formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'λείπω' (to leave). It means to leave something or someone behind, to abandon, or to forsake. It can also refer to leaving something as a legacy or inheritance. It is often used in contexts where someone departs from a place, leaves a person, or abandons a practice.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΚΛΕΙΠΩ, ΑΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ

G2049

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-ray-MOO-tai

Translations: is made desolate, is laid waste, becomes deserted, is deserted

Notes: This word means to make desolate, to lay waste, or to desert. In its passive form, as seen here, it describes something that is being made desolate, laid waste, or becoming deserted. It is often used to describe places or things that are left empty, abandoned, or destroyed.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ἈΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ἘΚΚΕΝΟΩ

Etymology: From the adjective ἔρημος (erēmos), meaning 'desolate' or 'deserted'. The verb form means to make something desolate.

G2476

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-DROO-eh-tai

Translations: is established, is founded, is settled, is set up

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to establish, found, or settle. In this form, it is in the passive voice, indicating that something is being established, founded, or settled by an external agent, or that it is establishing itself. It can refer to the founding of a city, the setting up of a monument, or the settling of a person in a place.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΙΔΡΥΩ, ΘΕΜΕΛΙΟΩ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ἱδρύω (hidryō) comes from the Greek root ἕδρα (hedra), meaning 'seat' or 'base'. It implies the action of placing something firmly on a base or foundation.

G1163

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Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: DEH-on

Translations: it is necessary, what is necessary, what is proper, things needed, necessities, a necessity

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'δέω' (deō), meaning 'to bind' or 'to need'. In its neuter singular form (δέον), it functions as an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'it is proper'. When used substantively, it refers to 'that which is necessary' or 'what is proper'. In its neuter plural form (δέοντα), it means 'things needed' or 'necessities'. It describes what is required by duty, custom, or circumstance.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular or Plural

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΑΙΟΝ, ΠΡΕΠΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deh₁- 'to bind'. In Koine Greek, it developed the sense of 'to need' or 'to be necessary' alongside its original meaning of 'to bind'.

G3588, G1727

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: too-NAN-tee-on

Translations: on the contrary, the opposite, a contrary thing

Notes: This word is a crasis (a contraction of two words into one) of the definite article 'ΤΟ' (the) and the adjective 'ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ' (opposite, contrary). It functions as an adverbial phrase meaning 'on the contrary' or 'on the other hand', or as a noun meaning 'the opposite' or 'a contrary thing'. It is used to introduce a contrasting idea or to refer to the opposing side of something.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (from the crasis of the definite article ΤΟ and the adjective ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ)

Synonyms: ἈΛΛΑ, ἈΝΤΙ

G0277

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-meh-tah-KEE-nee-ton

Translations: unmovable, an unmovable thing, steadfast, firm

Notes: This word describes something that cannot be moved, shaken, or changed. It implies stability, firmness, and steadfastness. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (not), 'μετακινέω' (to move from one place to another), and the adjectival suffix '-τος'. It can be used to describe a person's resolve, a principle, or a physical object that is fixed.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΚΛΙΝΗΣ, ΑΣΑΛΕΥΤΟΣ, ΣΤΕΡΕΟΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (not) and 'μετακινέω' (to move from one place to another).

G1314

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-foo-LAT-tayn

Translations: to guard, to keep safe, to preserve, to protect

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and the verb φυλάττω (phylatto), meaning 'to guard' or 'to keep'. As an infinitive, it means 'to guard thoroughly', 'to keep safe', or 'to preserve'. It is used to express the action of carefully protecting something or someone from harm or loss, or maintaining a state or condition.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΤΤΩ, ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΣΩΖΩ

Etymology: The word διαφυλάττω is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and φυλάττω (phylatto), meaning 'to guard' or 'to watch'. The prefix διά intensifies the meaning of guarding, implying thoroughness or continuous action.

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2001 Translation

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Book One, Chapter 36

Interlinear version from Josephus' Against Apion (Beta)

36:250

36:251

36:252

36:253

36:254

This interlinear database is in beta