Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Josephus' Against Apion / Book One / Chapter 10Book One, Chapter 10
Interlinear version from Josephus' Against Apion (Beta)
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G5337
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: FOW-loy
Translations: bad, evil, worthless, base, corrupt, bad ones, evil ones, worthless ones
Notes: This word describes something as bad, evil, or worthless, often in a moral sense. It can refer to actions, things, or people that are of poor quality or character. It is used to denote something that is morally corrupt or of little value.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Neuter; or Plural, Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΑΧΡΕΙΟΣ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TI-nes
Translations: some, certain ones, who, what
Notes: This word is an indefinite pronoun meaning 'some' or 'certain ones'. It can also function as an interrogative pronoun, asking 'who?' or 'what?' in the plural. Its meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-throh-poy
Translations: people, men, humans
Notes: This word refers to human beings in general, encompassing both men and women. It is the plural form of 'ἈΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ' (anthropos), meaning 'man' or 'human'. It is used to denote a group of individuals belonging to the human race.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΒΡΟΤΟΙ
G1225
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-ah-BAL-lain
Translations: to slander, to accuse, to calumniate, to malign, to defame
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from διά (dia, 'through, across') and βάλλω (ballō, 'to throw'). It means to throw something across or through, metaphorically referring to throwing accusations or slanders against someone. It is used to describe the act of speaking falsely or maliciously about someone with the intent to harm their reputation.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΕΩ, ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΕΩ, ΣΥΚΟΦΑΝΤΕΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw'. Its meaning evolved from 'to throw across' to 'to throw accusations' or 'to slander'.
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G2477
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: his-toh-REE-an
Translations: history, a history, account, a narrative, story, a story, inquiry, a report
Notes: This word refers to a narrative, an account, or a story, particularly one based on inquiry or research. It can denote a historical record or a detailed report of events. It is used in sentences to refer to the subject matter of a written or oral account.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΗΓΗΣΙΣ, ΑΦΗΓΗΣΙΣ, ΛΟΓΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ' comes from the verb 'ἱστορέω' (historeō), meaning 'to inquire, to learn by inquiry, to examine'. This verb is related to 'ἵστωρ' (histōr), meaning 'one who knows, an expert, a judge'. The ultimate origin is from Proto-Indo-European, referring to knowledge or wisdom.
G2021
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-keh-KHEI-ree-kah-sin
Translations: they have undertaken, they have attempted, they have endeavored
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to undertake,' 'to attempt,' or 'to endeavor.' It is formed from 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to,' and 'χειρέω' (cheireō), which relates to the hand or action. Thus, it literally means 'to put one's hand to something' or 'to set about something.' It describes the action of initiating or trying to accomplish a task or goal.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Perfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΩ, ΕΠΙΒΑΛΛΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ is derived from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to,' and ΧΕΙΡ (cheir), meaning 'hand.' The verb form implies 'to put one's hand to' or 'to set about' an action.
G5618
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: OH-sper
Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as
Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ
Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G4976
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: skho-LEE
Translations: leisure, a leisure, idleness, a rest, a school, a lecture, a discussion
Notes: This word refers to leisure, idleness, or a period of rest from work. It can also denote a place where leisure is spent, such as a school or a place for philosophical discussion or lectures. In ancient Greek culture, 'leisure' (σχολή) was often associated with intellectual pursuits and learning, rather than mere inactivity.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΓΙΑ, ΗΣΥΧΙΑ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word 'σχολή' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have, to be able'. It originally referred to 'holding back' or 'having time', which then evolved into the meaning of leisure and subsequently a place for leisure, like a school.
G3371
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: my-RAH-kee-ohn
Translations: of young men, of youths, of boys
Notes: This word refers to young men, youths, or boys, typically those who are past childhood but not yet fully adult. It is used to describe a group of young males. It is the genitive plural form of the noun, indicating possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΝΕΑΝΙΩΝ, ΠΑΙΔΩΝ
G1130
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: gym-NAHS-mah
Translations: exercise, training, discipline, an exercise
Notes: This word refers to physical or spiritual training, discipline, or exercise. It can be used to describe any form of practice or exertion aimed at improvement, whether in an athletic, intellectual, or moral sense. For example, it might refer to the training of an athlete or the discipline of a student.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΣΚΗΣΙΣ, ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the verb γυμνάζω (gymnazo), meaning 'to train naked' or 'to exercise', which is derived from γυμνός (gymnos), meaning 'naked'. This reflects the ancient Greek practice of exercising unclothed.
G4295
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-KAY-sthai
Translations: to lie before, to be set before, to be proposed, to be at hand, to be available, to be present, to be obvious
Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'προκεῖμαι' (prokeimai). It means 'to lie before' or 'to be set before', often implying something that is presented for consideration, choice, or action. It can also mean 'to be at hand' or 'to be available', indicating something that is present and accessible. In some contexts, it can mean 'to be obvious' or 'to be clear'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ΕΝΕΣΤΙ
G3543
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: noh-MEE-zon-tes
Translations: thinking, supposing, believing, considering, practicing, accustomed
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'thinking' or 'supposing'. It describes an ongoing action of holding an opinion, believing something to be true, or being accustomed to a practice. It can be used to describe someone who is under the impression of something or who habitually does something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ
G2724
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-tay-go-REE-ahs
Translations: of accusation, of charge, of indictment, of a charge, of an indictment
Notes: This word refers to an accusation, charge, or indictment. It is often used in legal or formal contexts to describe a formal statement accusing someone of a crime or wrongdoing. It is a compound word derived from 'κατά' (against) and 'ἀγορεύω' (to speak in the assembly, to accuse).
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΓΚΛΗΜΑ, ΑΙΤΙΑ
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pah-rah-DOX-oo
Translations: of paradox, of unexpected, of incredible, of strange, of wonderful, of contrary to opinion
Notes: This word describes something that is contrary to common opinion or expectation. It can refer to something unexpected, incredible, strange, or even wonderful, depending on the context. It is often used to highlight a surprising or unusual quality of a noun.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΗΤΟΣ, ΑΛΛΟΚΟΤΟΣ, ΘΑΥΜΑΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of παρά (para), meaning 'beside, beyond, contrary to', and δόξα (doxa), meaning 'opinion, expectation, glory'. Thus, it literally means 'contrary to opinion'.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G1228
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-ah-bo-LEES
Translations: of the slanderer, of the accuser, of the devil, of slander, of accusation
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'διάβολος' (diabolos). It refers to someone who slanders, accuses, or is an adversary. In a theological context, it often refers to the Devil. It can also refer to the act of slander or accusation itself. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, such as 'of the slanderer' or 'of slander'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ
G1163
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Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: DEH-on
Translations: it is necessary, what is necessary, what is proper, things needed, necessities, a necessity
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'δέω' (deō), meaning 'to bind' or 'to need'. In its neuter singular form (δέον), it functions as an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'it is proper'. When used substantively, it refers to 'that which is necessary' or 'what is proper'. In its neuter plural form (δέοντα), it means 'things needed' or 'necessities'. It describes what is required by duty, custom, or circumstance.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular or Plural
Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΑΙΟΝ, ΠΡΕΠΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deh₁- 'to bind'. In Koine Greek, it developed the sense of 'to need' or 'to be necessary' alongside its original meaning of 'to bind'.
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAY-noh
Translations: that, that one, that thing, the former
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It refers to something distant in space or time, or something previously mentioned in the discourse. It functions similarly to 'this' but indicates a greater distance or a distinction from something closer or more immediate. For example, it can be used to distinguish 'that house' from 'this house'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
Etymology: From a combination of the demonstrative particle ἐκεῖ (there) and the pronominal suffix -νος. It refers to something 'over there' or 'that one there'.
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: gih-GNO-skeen
Translations: to know, to understand, to perceive, to learn
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō). It means 'to know' or 'to understand', often implying a knowledge gained through experience or perception, rather than just intellectual assent. It can also mean 'to learn' or 'to come to know'. It is used to express the act of acquiring or possessing knowledge.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ
Etymology: The verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to know'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also convey the idea of knowing or perceiving.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G1163
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Part of Speech: Impersonal Verb
Sounds like: DEH-ee
Translations: it is necessary, one must, it is proper, it behooves
Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'one must'. It expresses a strong sense of obligation, necessity, or inevitability. It is often used with an infinitive to indicate what must be done or what is destined to happen.
Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (to shine, to gleam), which developed into the sense of 'to be visible, to appear', and then 'to be proper, to be necessary'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AL-loys
Translations: to others, for others, with others, other, another
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'with'. It is a common word used to distinguish one group or item from another.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.
G3862
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pah-rah-DOH-sin
Translations: tradition, a tradition, handing over, surrender, delivery
Notes: This word refers to something handed down or transmitted, such as a custom, teaching, or doctrine. It can also mean the act of handing over or delivering something, including the surrender of a person or a place. In a general sense, it describes the process or result of passing something from one person or generation to another.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΧΗ, ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑ
G4234
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRAX-eh-ohn
Translations: (of) deeds, (of) acts, (of) actions, (of) practices
Notes: This word refers to actions, deeds, or practices. It is often used to describe significant or notable actions, such as the acts of apostles or the deeds of a person. It can also refer to the practical application of something, or a course of action.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΩΝ, ΠΟΙΗΜΑΤΩΝ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΩΝ
G0228
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-lay-thee-NOHN
Translations: of true, of real, of genuine, of actual, of truthful
Notes: This word describes something as true, real, genuine, or authentic. It is used to emphasize the reality or truthfulness of a person, thing, or concept, often in contrast to something false, counterfeit, or merely apparent. It is a compound word derived from 'truth' (ἀλήθεια).
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΗΣ, ΓΝΗΣΙΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑΣ
G5293
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: hoo-pis-KHNOO-meh-non
Translations: promising, a promising one, the one promising
Notes: This word is the present middle/passive participle of the verb 'ὑπισχνέομαι' (hupischneomai), meaning 'to promise' or 'to undertake'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that is in the act of promising. It can also be used substantively, meaning 'the one who is promising' or 'a promising one'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive
Synonyms: ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G1987
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-is-TAS-thai
Translations: to know, to understand, to be acquainted with, to be skilled in, to be experienced in
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to know' or 'to understand'. It implies a deep, practical knowledge or skill, often gained through experience or study, rather than just factual information. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (upon, over) and 'ἵσταμαι' (to stand).
Inflection: Present or Aorist, Middle or Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ
G5129
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TAH-oo-tas
Translations: these
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning "this" or "these." It is used to point out something specific, similar to how "this" or "these" are used in English. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ΟΥ͂ΤΟΣ
G4387
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron
Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing
Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)
Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ
Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.
G0199
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ak-ree-BOHSS
Translations: exactly, accurately, precisely, strictly, diligently, carefully
Notes: This word means 'exactly,' 'accurately,' or 'precisely.' It is used to describe an action performed with great care, strictness, or without deviation. It emphasizes the precision or thoroughness of an action or statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΚΡΙΒΩΣΤΕΡΟΝ, ἈΚΡΙΒΕΣΤΑΤΑ
G2228, G3588
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral
Sounds like: AY
Translations: or, the, 8
Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)
Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.
G3877
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-ay-ko-loo-THAY-ko-tah
Translations: having followed closely, having investigated, having understood, having ascertained
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning "having followed closely" or "having investigated thoroughly." It describes someone who has accurately and fully understood or ascertained something, often through careful observation or inquiry. It implies a complete and lasting state of knowledge or understanding gained from a prior action.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Accusative, Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek παρακολουθέω (parakolouthéō), which is a compound of παρά (pará, "beside, along") and ἀκολουθέω (akolouthéō, "to follow"). It literally means "to follow alongside" or "to accompany," evolving to mean "to follow up, investigate, understand."
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: geh-GO-no-sin
Translations: (to) having become, (to) having come to be, (to) having happened, (to) those who have become, (to) those who have come to be, (to) those who have happened
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, dative plural, derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' or 'to happen.' As a participle, it functions adjectivally, describing a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself. In the dative case, it indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for' when referring to persons or things that have undergone the action of becoming or happening.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ay-do-TON
Translations: of those knowing, of those who know, of those who have known, of those who understand
Notes: This word is a genitive plural participle derived from the verb 'oida', meaning 'to know' or 'to have seen'. It refers to 'those who know' or 'those who have knowledge'. It is used to describe a group of people who possess understanding or awareness of something, often in a context where their knowledge is contrasted with the ignorance of others.
Inflection: Participle, Present Active, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΝΤΩΝ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΝΤΩΝ
Etymology: The verb 'oida' is a perfect tense form used with a present meaning, originally meaning 'to have seen' and thus 'to know'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, meaning 'to see' or 'to know'.
G4441
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: poon-THA-no-men-on
Translations: inquiring, learning, asking, finding out, a learning, an asking
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'πυνθάνω', meaning 'to inquire', 'to learn by inquiry', or 'to find out'. It describes an action of seeking information or knowledge, often through questioning or investigation. It can be used to describe someone who is in the process of learning or asking about something.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-per
Translations: the very thing which, which, whatsoever, as, just as
Notes: ΟΠΕΡ is an intensive relative pronoun, meaning 'the very thing which' or 'whatsoever'. It is used to emphasize the preceding noun or idea, often functioning as a stronger form of 'which' or 'what'. It can introduce a clause that specifies or elaborates on something already mentioned, or it can indicate a cause or reason.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: Ο, ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ
Etymology: ΟΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'who, which, what', and the enclitic particle περ (per), which adds emphasis or intensity, often translated as 'just, even, indeed'.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.
G3122
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MA-lis-TA
Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'
Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ
Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G0297
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: am-fo-TEH-ras
Translations: both, both (of)
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning "both" or "both of two". It is used to refer to two distinct entities or groups, indicating that both are included or affected. For example, it can be used to describe "both hands" or "both sides".
Inflection: Feminine, Accusative, Plural
G3543
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: noh-MEE-zoh
Translations: to think, to suppose, to believe, to consider, to practice, to observe, to be accustomed
Notes: This verb means to think, suppose, or believe something to be true. It can also mean to consider or deem something. In some contexts, it refers to practicing or observing a custom or law, indicating a habitual action or a widely accepted practice. It is often used to express an opinion or a common belief.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΟἸΟΜΑΙ, ἩΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ
Etymology: From νόμος (nomos), meaning 'law' or 'custom'. The word originally meant 'to do by custom, to practice, to observe', and later developed the sense of 'to think, to suppose' based on what is customary or generally accepted.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-poy-AY-keh-nye
Translations: to have made, to have done, to have produced, to have created
Notes: This word is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a perfect infinitive, it describes an action that has been completed in the past, with the results continuing into the present. It is often used to express the idea of having accomplished something or having brought something into existence. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He desired to have made a great work' or 'They claimed to have done good deeds'.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G4234
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: prahg-mah-TEI-ahs
Translations: of business, of affairs, of matters, of transactions, of studies, of occupations
Notes: This word refers to a business, an affair, a matter, a transaction, or a study. It can describe any kind of occupation or engagement, particularly one that involves careful attention or effort. In the provided context, it refers to 'matters' or 'affairs'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ, ΠΡΑΞΙΣ, ΥΠΟΘΕΣΙΣ
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G0746
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-khai-ol-o-GHEE-an
Translations: archaeology, ancient history, antiquity, an archaeology, an ancient history, an antiquity
Notes: This word refers to the study of ancient things, or the knowledge of ancient history and antiquities. It is used to describe the field of archaeology or historical accounts of the past. In the provided context, it is in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΡΧΑΙΟΤΗΣ, ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ
Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: ἀρχαῖος (arkhaios), meaning 'ancient' or 'from the beginning', and -λογία (-logia), meaning 'study' or 'discourse'. It literally means 'the study of ancient things'.
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-FAYN
Translations: I said, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This is the first aorist active indicative form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said in the past, often translated as 'I said' or 'he/she/it said' depending on the context. It can refer to a specific utterance or a general statement made previously.
Inflection: First Aorist, Active, Indicative, Singular, First or Third Person
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΩΝ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
Etymology: The verb φημί (phēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- meaning 'to speak, tell, say'. It is related to Latin fari ('to speak') and English 'ban' (in the sense of proclamation).
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G2413
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: hee-eh-RON
Translations: (of) holy, (of) sacred, (of) consecrated, (of) a holy thing, (of) sacred things, (of) holy places
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'holy' or 'sacred'. It describes something belonging to or associated with the divine, a temple, or religious rites. It can also function as a noun in the genitive plural, referring to 'holy things' or 'sacred places'. It is often used to describe objects, places, or actions that are set apart for religious purposes.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΩΝ, ΟΣΙΩΝ
Etymology: The word ἱερός (hieros) comes from an ancient root meaning 'sacred' or 'holy', often associated with that which is set apart for a deity or religious use. It is related to the concept of sacrifice and divine power.
G1121
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: grahm-MAH-tohn
Translations: of letters, of writings, of documents, of scriptures, of a writing, of a document, of a letter
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'γραμμα' (gramma). It refers to written characters, letters of the alphabet, or more broadly, written documents, scriptures, or literature. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'of letters' or 'belonging to writings'. In the provided context, 'πόλις γραμμάτων' (polis grammaton) means 'city of writings' or 'city of scribes/scholars', implying a place known for its literacy or written records.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΩΝ, ΓΡΑΦΩΝ
G3177
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meth-er-may-NEV-kah
Translations: I have translated, I have interpreted, I have explained
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from μετά (meta, 'with, after') and ἑρμηνεύω (hermēneuō, 'to interpret, translate'). It means 'to translate' or 'to interpret' from one language to another, or to explain something clearly. It is used to indicate that an explanation or translation has been completed.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Perfect, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΕΡΜΗΝΕΥΩ, ΔΙΕΡΜΗΝΕΥΩ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: geh-GON-os
Translations: having become, having been, being, who has become, who has been
Notes: This word is the perfect active participle of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai), meaning 'to become', 'to be', 'to come into being', or 'to happen'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed and has ongoing results. It often translates as 'having become' or 'having been', indicating a state or condition resulting from a past action. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the one having become king'.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
Etymology: The verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, indicating a process of becoming or happening, as opposed to a static state of being.
G2409
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-eh-REH-oos
Translations: priest, a priest
Notes: This word refers to a priest, a person authorized to perform sacred rites of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and God or gods. In ancient contexts, priests were often responsible for sacrifices, rituals, and interpreting divine will. It is typically used to refer to a male religious official.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word ἱερός (hieros), meaning 'sacred' or 'holy'. The suffix -εύς (-eus) indicates a person associated with or performing a specific function.
G1085
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: geh-NOOS
Translations: of race, of kind, of family, of nation, of offspring, of stock
Notes: This word refers to a group of people sharing common ancestry, characteristics, or origin. It can also refer to a species, type, or class of things. It is often used to describe a lineage, a people group, or a category.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ
G3348
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: meh-tes-KAY-kōs
Translations: having shared, having partaken, having participated, having had a share, having been a partaker
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having shared' or 'having partaken'. It describes someone who has already taken part in something or has a share in it. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can sometimes be used substantively as a noun itself, meaning 'one who has shared'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Active Participle
Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΩΝΟΣ, ΜΕΤΕΧΩΝ, ΜΕΡΙΣΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word μετέχω (metechō) is a compound word formed from μετά (meta), meaning 'with' or 'among', and ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Thus, it literally means 'to have with' or 'to have among', leading to the sense of sharing or participating.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G5385
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fee-loh-soh-FEE-ahs
Translations: of philosophy, of a philosophy
Notes: This word refers to philosophy, the love of wisdom, or a system of philosophical thought. It is used to describe the pursuit of knowledge and understanding, often in a broad sense. In ancient contexts, it could encompass various fields of study, including ethics, logic, and physics.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΟΦΙΑ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΙΑ (philosophia) is a compound word derived from ΦΙΛΟΣ (philos), meaning 'loving' or 'dear', and ΣΟΦΙΑ (sophia), meaning 'wisdom'. Thus, it literally means 'love of wisdom'.
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAY-noys
Translations: to those, for those, with those, by those, those
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'those' or 'that one' (when singular). In this inflected form, it is plural and in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action or a relationship of benefit or detriment. It can be translated as 'to those,' 'for those,' or 'with those,' depending on the context. It can refer to people or things previously mentioned or understood from the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓͂ΤΟΙ, ΑΥ̓ΤΟΙ
G1121
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GRAHM-mah-see
Translations: (to) letters, (by) writings, (with) documents, (in) literature
Notes: This word refers to a letter of the alphabet, a written character, or more broadly, a piece of writing, a document, or even literature. In its dative plural form, as seen in ΓΡΑΜΜΑΣΙ, it often indicates the means or instrument by which something is done, such as 'by means of letters' or 'with writings'. It can also denote location or association, like 'in letters' or 'among writings'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΑΙ, ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΓΡΑΜΜΑ comes from the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It originally referred to a mark or line, then developed to mean a written character or letter, and subsequently, a piece of writing.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G4171
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: po-LEH-moo
Translations: (of) war, (of) battle, (of) conflict
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'polemos', meaning 'war' or 'battle'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or separation, often translated with 'of' in English, such as 'of war' or 'from war'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΕΡΙΣ
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eg-RAP-sa
Translations: I wrote, I have written
Notes: This is the first person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It indicates a completed action in the past, often translated as 'I wrote' or 'I have written'. It is used to state a fact about something that was written.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOHN
Translations: of many, of much
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. As a genitive form, it often indicates possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions, translating to 'of many' or 'of much' depending on the context.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ow-toor-GOS
Translations: doing by oneself, working with one's own hands, self-acting, a self-worker, a farmer, a peasant
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'αὐτός' (autos), meaning 'self' or 'same', and 'ἔργον' (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. It describes someone who performs a task or work by themselves, often implying manual labor or personal involvement. It can refer to a person who works with their own hands, such as a farmer or a craftsman, or more broadly, someone who is the direct agent of an action. In a broader sense, it can mean 'self-acting' or 'original'.
Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Nominative or Vocative, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΠΡΑΚΤΟΣ, ΑΥ̓ΤΟΧΕΙΡ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós, “self”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”). It literally means 'self-worker' or 'one who works by oneself'.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PLAY-ston
Translations: (of) most, (of) very many, (of) the greatest number
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the superlative adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As a superlative, 'πλείστων' means 'most' or 'very many', referring to the greatest quantity or number of something. It is used to describe a group or collection where the majority or the largest portion is being referred to.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΜΕΓΙΣΤΩΝ, ΠΟΛΛΩΝ
Etymology: The word 'πολύς' (polys) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'much' or 'many' in various Indo-European languages.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G0845
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ow-TOP-tays
Translations: eyewitness, an eyewitness, observer, an observer
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'αὐτός' (autos), meaning 'self' or 'same', and 'ὀπτήρ' (optēr), meaning 'one who sees'. It refers to someone who has seen something with their own eyes, an eyewitness. It is used to describe a person who has direct, personal knowledge of an event because they were present and observed it.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΣ, ΘΕΑΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek pronoun αὐτός (autos), meaning 'self' or 'same', and the root of the verb ὄπτομαι (optomai), meaning 'to see'.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-nos
Translations: having become, being, happened, arisen, a having become, a being
Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It can be translated as 'having become', 'being', or 'when he/it became'. It often indicates a state or condition resulting from a past action.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΗΘΗ
G3654
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OH-lohs
Translations: wholly, entirely, altogether, at all, completely
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'wholly,' 'entirely,' or 'altogether,' indicating completeness or totality. It can also be used in negative contexts to mean 'at all.' For example, it might be used to say 'not at all' or 'completely not'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΣ, ΤΕΛΕΙΩΣ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: lekh-THEN-tohn
Translations: of things said, of what was said, of words spoken
Notes: This word is the genitive plural, aorist passive participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It refers to 'of things having been said' or 'of those who were spoken to'. In context, it often refers to the content of what was spoken or written, such as 'of the things that were said' or 'of the words spoken'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Passive
Synonyms: ΡΗΘΕΝΤΩΝ, ΕΙΡΗΜΕΝΩΝ
G4238
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Part of Speech: Participle, Noun
Sounds like: prakh-THEN-tohn
Translations: of things done, of things accomplished, of deeds, of actions
Notes: This word is a genitive plural, aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'πράσσω' (prassō), meaning 'to do' or 'to accomplish'. It refers to things that have been done or accomplished. It often functions as a noun, meaning 'of the things that were done' or 'of the deeds'. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'a report of the things done'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter, Aorist, Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΠΟΙΗΘΕΝΤΩΝ
Etymology: The verb πράσσω (prassō) comes from an older Greek form meaning 'to pass over, to travel, to do'. It is related to the concept of movement leading to action or accomplishment.
G3762, G3745
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Part of Speech: Indefinite Pronoun, Indefinite Adjective
Sounds like: oo-doh-TEE-oon
Translations: nothing at all, not anything, not even one thing
Notes: This word is a compound indefinite pronoun/adjective, meaning 'nothing at all' or 'not anything'. It is formed from the negative particle 'οὐδέ' (not even) and the indefinite pronoun 'ὅστις' (whoever, whatever). It is used to emphasize a complete absence or negation of something.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΝ
G0050
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ag-no-AY-sas
Translations: having been ignorant, having not known, having ignored, having overlooked
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to be ignorant' or 'to not know'. It describes an action completed in the past, indicating that the subject was ignorant, did not know, or overlooked something. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can be translated as 'having been ignorant' or 'having not known'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ἈΓΝΩΣΤΟΣ, ἈΠΕΙΡΟΣ
G4459
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: POHS
Translations: how, in what way, by what means, that, in order that
Notes: ΠΩΣ is an adverb used to inquire about the manner or means by which something occurs, translating to "how" or "in what way." It can introduce direct or indirect questions. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning "that" or "in order that," especially when expressing purpose or result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative and interrogative pronominal stems.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AHN
Translations: if, ever, might, would, should
Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.
G2309
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: thrah-SAYSS
Translations: bold, daring, reckless, presumptuous, audacious
Notes: This word describes someone who is bold, daring, or audacious. It can also carry a negative connotation, implying recklessness, presumption, or impudence. It is used to characterize individuals who act with excessive confidence or without proper caution.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΟΛΜΗΡΟΣ, ΑΥΘΑΔΗΣ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G2233
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hay-GAY-sah-ee-toh
Translations: he might lead, he might consider, he might think, he might rule
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to lead, guide, rule, or consider/think'. It is often used in the middle voice, implying an action done for oneself or with a personal interest. In this form, it expresses a potential or desired action, often translated with 'might' or 'would'.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Optative Mood, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΗΓΟΥΜΑΙ, ΚΡΙΝΩ
Etymology: From ἄγω (agō, “to lead”), meaning to lead, guide, or rule. Over time, it also developed the meaning of considering or thinking, especially in the middle voice.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G0486
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-tag-oh-NID-zes-thai
Translations: to contend against, to struggle against, to resist, to strive against
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'ἀντί' (anti, meaning 'against') and 'ἀγωνίζομαι' (agonizomai, meaning 'to contend' or 'to struggle'). It describes the act of engaging in a contest or struggle against an opponent, often implying a strenuous effort or resistance. It can be used in contexts of physical struggle, verbal debate, or spiritual conflict.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΓΩΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ἈΝΘΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G225
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-lay-THAY-ahs
Translations: of truth, of reality, of sincerity, of verity
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being true, real, or sincere. It is often used to describe facts, reality, or moral uprightness. In a sentence, it typically functions as a possessive or descriptive element, indicating that something belongs to or is characterized by truth.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ
G2021
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: eh-pee-keh-khee-RAY-koh-tass
Translations: having undertaken, having attempted, having put one's hand to, having taken in hand
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, masculine accusative plural, derived from the verb 'ἐπιχειρέω' (epicheireō). It describes those who have undertaken or attempted something. It implies an action that has been completed in the past and whose results are still relevant in the present. It is often used to describe someone who has begun a task or made an effort.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΩ, ΕΠΙΒΑΛΛΩ
Etymology: The word ἐπιχειρέω (epicheireō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb χειρέω (cheireō), which is related to χείρ (cheir), meaning 'hand'. Thus, it literally means 'to put one's hand upon' or 'to lay hands on', leading to the sense of undertaking or attempting something.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G2532, G0302
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: KAN
Translations: even if, although, and if, even though, if, though
Notes: ΚἈΝ is a compound word, formed by the contraction of the conjunction ΚΑΙ (and, also, even) and the particle ἈΝ (a conditional or potential particle). It is used to introduce a conditional clause, often with a concessive sense, meaning 'even if' or 'although'. It can also simply mean 'and if' or 'if' in certain contexts, indicating a hypothetical situation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕἸ ΚΑΙ, ΚΑΙΠΕΡ
G846
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OW-toh-KRAH-toh-rohn
Translations: of emperors, of rulers, of commanders, of supreme authorities
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ' (autokratōr), meaning 'emperor' or 'supreme ruler'. It is a compound word formed from 'αὐτός' (autos), meaning 'self', and 'κράτος' (kratos), meaning 'power' or 'rule'. Thus, it literally means 'one who rules by himself' or 'one with absolute power'. In ancient contexts, it referred to a sovereign ruler, often an emperor or a supreme commander. The genitive plural form indicates possession or origin, so it would be used in phrases like 'the decrees of the emperors' or 'the power of the rulers'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ, ΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΟΝΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ is a compound of two Greek words: αὐτός (autos), meaning 'self', and κράτος (kratos), meaning 'power', 'rule', or 'strength'. It describes someone who holds power by themselves, without external authority.
G5280
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-pom-NEE-ma-sin
Translations: records, memoirs, commentaries, notes, a record, a memoir, a commentary, a note
Notes: This word refers to written records, notes, or commentaries. It can denote official documents, historical accounts, or personal notes used for remembrance or reference. In the provided context, it refers to written records or memoirs, specifically those of Cyrus.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΜΝΗΣΙΣ, ΜΝΗΜΟΣΥΝΟΝ
Etymology: The word ΥΠΟΜΝΗΜΑ (hypomnēma) is a compound word derived from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'by', and ΜΝΗΜΑ (mnēma), meaning 'a memorial' or 'a remembrance'. Thus, it literally means 'that which brings to remembrance' or 'a reminder'.
G1793
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: en-TY-khein
Translations: to meet, to appeal, to intercede, to entreat, to make petition, to plead
Notes: This word means to meet with someone, often with the purpose of making a request, an appeal, or to intercede on behalf of another. It can also mean to entreat or plead with someone. It implies a direct encounter or communication.
Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ, ΑΙΤΕΩ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: leh-GOH-sin
Translations: they say, they speak, they tell, they mean, they call
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to describe an action performed by a group of people (they) in a hypothetical or potential situation. It can also mean 'to tell', 'to mean', or 'to call'.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G1065
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: GEH
Translations: indeed, at least, even, certainly, truly
Notes: This word is an emphatic particle used to add emphasis or certainty to a statement. It can highlight a particular word or phrase, often conveying a sense of 'at least,' 'even,' or 'certainly.' It is frequently used to strengthen an assertion or to draw attention to a specific detail.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΗ, ΚΑΙ, ΜΕΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΕ is of uncertain origin, possibly an ancient demonstrative particle.
G2251
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hay-MEH-teh-roys
Translations: our, our own, our people, our things
Notes: This word is a possessive adjective meaning 'our' or 'our own'. It is used to indicate possession by the first person plural (we). It can refer to people ('our people') or things ('our things') belonging to 'us'. In this form, it is a plural dative, meaning 'to/for our' or 'with/by our'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΗΜΩΝ, ΗΜΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From the Koine Greek pronoun ἡμεῖς (hēmeis), meaning 'we'. It is a possessive adjective formed from the first person plural pronoun.
G0000
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: an-tee-po-le-MOON-tone
Translations: of those warring against, of those fighting against, of those opposing in war
Notes: This word is a compound participle, meaning 'of those warring against' or 'of those fighting against'. It describes individuals who are engaged in conflict or opposition against someone or something. It is formed from 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and 'πολεμέω' (polemeo), meaning 'to wage war' or 'to fight'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Present, Active
Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙΜΑΧΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ἈΝΤΙΣΤΑΤΟΥΝΤΩΝ
G4229
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRAG-ma-see
Translations: (to) things, (to) matters, (to) affairs, (to) business, (to) deeds
Notes: This word refers to things, matters, affairs, or business. It is often used in a practical or concrete sense, denoting something that exists or is done. It is the dative plural form of the noun 'πρᾶγμα'.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΙΣ, ΧΡΗΜΑΣΙ
G3913
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-EH-too-khon
Translations: I happened to be present, I was present, I met, I encountered
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'τυγχάνω' (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen' or 'to obtain'. Therefore, it means 'to happen to be present', 'to be present', 'to meet', or 'to encounter'. It describes an action of being in a particular place or meeting someone, often by chance or circumstance.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ΣΥΝΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ
G4197
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: por-EYE-ah
Translations: journey, a journey, travel, a travel, way, a way, course, a course
Notes: This word refers to the act of traveling, a journey, or the path taken. It describes movement from one place to another, often implying a specific route or duration. It can be used to speak of a physical trip or a metaphorical course of action.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΔΟΣ, ΔΡΟΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΠΟΡΕΙΑ (poreia) derives from the verb πορεύομαι (poreuomai), meaning 'to go, to travel, to proceed'.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-oo-MEH-nohn
Translations: making, doing, performing, producing, of making, of doing, of performing, of producing
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'poieō', meaning 'to make', 'to do', 'to perform', or 'to produce'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities, describing an action being done by or to someone or something. It can be used to form a subordinate clause, indicating an action that is happening concurrently with the main verb.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G2453
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oos
Translations: Jews, the Jews
Notes: This word refers to people from Judea or those who are adherents of Judaism. It is used to denote the Jewish people collectively or individually. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, indicating the recipients of an action or the focus of a statement.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΥΣ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΣ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-AS
Translations: of a goddess, a goddess
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'θεά' (thea), meaning 'goddess'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to how 'of a goddess' or 'belonging to a goddess' would be used in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The word 'θεά' (thea) comes from the same root as 'θεός' (theos), meaning 'god'. It refers specifically to a female deity.
G2655
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: kah-tah-pep-LAYG-meh-noos
Translations: astounded, amazed, struck with astonishment, those who are astounded, those who are amazed
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'καταπλήσσω' (kataplesso), meaning 'to strike down' or 'to strike with terror/astonishment'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that has been struck with astonishment or is in a state of being utterly amazed or astounded. It can be used to describe people who are overwhelmed by a surprising or awe-inspiring event.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine, Perfect Passive Participle
Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΚΤΟΣ, ΘΑΜΒΟΣ, ΕΚΣΤΑΣΙΣ
G4206
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: POR-rho
Translations: far, far away, a long way off, at a distance
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'far' or 'at a distance'. It indicates a significant spatial separation from a point of reference. It can be used to describe how far away something is located or how far someone has traveled.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΑΚΡΑΝ, ΑΠΟΜΑΚΡΑΝ
Etymology: From an intensive reduplication of the root of πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward'. It emphasizes distance.
G3306
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-NON-tas
Translations: remaining, abiding, enduring, waiting, staying, continuing
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ΜΕΝΩ' (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. It describes someone or something that is in the process of remaining, abiding, or enduring. It can be used to describe a continuous state or action, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially in a sentence.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine, Accusative Plural
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ
G2271
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hay-soo-KHEE-an
Translations: quietness, a quietness, silence, a silence, tranquility, a tranquility, rest, a rest
Notes: This word refers to a state of quietness, stillness, or tranquility. It can describe a lack of noise or disturbance, or a peaceful and calm disposition. It is often used to denote a state of rest or freedom from trouble.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΡΕΜΙΑ, ΓΑΛΗΝΗ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΣΙΣ
G0071
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-GEIN
Translations: to lead, to bring, to carry, to go, to observe, to celebrate
Notes: This verb has a broad range of meanings, primarily related to movement. It can mean to lead or bring someone or something, to carry, or simply to go. In a more abstract sense, it can also refer to observing or celebrating a festival or a period of time. Its usage depends heavily on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΛΚΩ, ΑΠΑΓΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to drive, pull, move'.
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: zah-BEE-don
Translations: unknown
Notes: It's not clear what this word means. It is not found in standard Koine Greek lexicons or dictionaries, suggesting it could be a misspelling, a garbled text, or a very rare proper noun not widely documented. The context provided does not offer enough information to definitively determine its meaning or usage.
Inflection: Unknown
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LEES
Translations: (of) much, (of) great, (of) many, (of) a great (amount)
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'much', 'many', or 'great'. It is used to describe the quantity or extent of something. For example, it can refer to a large amount of something or a great number of people. It is often used in phrases like 'with much peace' or 'of great supply'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΣ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G2271
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hay-soo-KHEE-as
Translations: of quietness, of rest, of silence, of peace, of tranquility
Notes: This word refers to a state of quietness, rest, or tranquility. It can describe a peaceful or undisturbed condition, often implying a lack of commotion or agitation. It is used to speak about the quality or state of being calm.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΠΑΥΣΙΣ, ΕΙΡΗΝΗ, ΓΑΛΗΝΗ
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G3485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NAH-on
Translations: temple, a temple, shrine, a shrine
Notes: ΝΑΟΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΝΑΟΣ, meaning 'temple' or 'shrine'. It specifically refers to the inner sanctuary of a temple, the dwelling place of the deity, as distinct from the broader temple complex (ἱερόν). It is used when the temple is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition that takes the accusative case.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΕΩΣ
G3928
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-el-THAYN
Translations: to pass by, to pass away, to come beside, to go beyond, to neglect, to transgress, to perish, to come to an end
Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'παρέρχομαι' (parerchomai), meaning 'to pass by' or 'to pass away'. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'along', and 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It can describe something moving past, an event coming to an end, or even a command being disregarded or transgressed. For example, it can be used to say that something will not pass away or that someone passed by a certain place.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩ
G5552
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: khroo-SEEN
Translations: golden, of gold, a golden
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'golden' or 'made of gold'. It describes something that is either literally made of gold or has the color or quality of gold. It is used to modify nouns, indicating their material or appearance.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G0629
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-SY-rai
Translations: to drag away, to strip off, to pull off, to tear away
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἀποσύρω. It means 'to drag away' or 'to strip off' something from someone or something else. It describes an action of forceful removal or pulling.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΥΡΩ, ΑΦΑΙΡΕΩ, ΕΚΔΥΩ
Etymology: The word ἀποσύρω is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb σύρω (syrō), meaning 'to drag' or 'to pull'.
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kan-THOH-nos
Translations: (of) a donkey, (of) an ass, (of) a pack-ass
Notes: This word refers to a donkey or an ass, specifically one used for carrying burdens or for work. It is often used to describe a pack-animal. The word is in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, so it would typically be translated as 'of a donkey' or 'belonging to a donkey'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΝΟΣ, ΥΠΟΖΥΓΙΟΝ
Etymology: The etymology of ΚΑΝΘΩΝ is uncertain, but it is believed to be a loanword from a non-Greek source, possibly from a Semitic language, referring to a pack-animal.
G2776
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: keh-fah-LEEN
Translations: head, a head
Notes: This word refers to the physical head of a body. It can also be used metaphorically to denote a leader, chief, or origin, depending on the context, such as 'the head of a household' or 'the head of a river'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'head' or 'top' in other Indo-European languages.
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-toh
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in like manner
Notes: This word is an adverb of manner, indicating how something is done or the way in which something occurs. It can also refer to the extent or degree of something. It is often used to introduce a consequence or a comparison, meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It is an older form of ΟΥΤΩΣ, and both forms are used interchangeably in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos, 'this'). It indicates 'in this manner' or 'thus', referring back to something previously mentioned or implied.
G0792
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: as-TAY-zoh-me-nos
Translations: joking, jesting, making fun, a joker, one who jokes
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'ἀστείζω' (asteizō). It describes someone who is joking, jesting, or making fun. It can function adjectivally, meaning 'the one who is joking,' or adverbially, describing an action performed while joking.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Present, Middle/Passive Participle
Synonyms: ΠΑΙΖΩΝ, ΣΚΩΠΤΩΝ
Etymology: The verb ἀστείζω (asteizō) comes from the Greek word ἀστεῖος (asteios), meaning 'of the city, urbane, witty.' It implies a refined or clever kind of humor, characteristic of city dwellers.
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ge-GRA-fen
Translations: he has written, it has been written, he wrote, it was written
Notes: This word is the third person singular, perfect active indicative form of the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write'. The perfect tense indicates an action completed in the past with continuing results in the present. Therefore, it signifies that someone has completed the act of writing, and the written text or its effect still exists or is relevant. It can be used in sentences like 'He has written a letter' or 'It has been written in the book'.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ
G3825
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAH-lin
Translations: again, back, anew, once more, on the other hand, moreover, in turn
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'back'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a contrasting idea, similar to 'on the other hand' or 'moreover'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΥΘΙΣ, ΕΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (to turn, revolve). It refers to a turning back or repetition.
G1435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOH-rah
Translations: gifts
Notes: The word refers to gifts or presents. It is the plural form of the noun 'ΔΩΡΟΝ' (doron), which means 'a gift'. It is commonly used to denote something given voluntarily, often as a token of honor, respect, or generosity.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΟΣΙΣ, ΔΩΡΕΑ
Etymology: From the verb δίδωμι (didōmi), meaning 'to give'. It refers to something given or bestowed.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G5035
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TAKH-os
Translations: speed, swiftness, quickness, haste, a speed, a swiftness, a quickness, a haste
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being quick or swift. It denotes speed, quickness, or haste. It is used to describe the rate at which something moves or happens, often implying a rapid pace.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΣΠΟΥΔΗ, ΤΑΧΥΤΗΣ
Etymology: From the root *takh- (to be swift), related to the verb τάσσω (tassō, to arrange, order). It refers to the quality of swiftness or speed.
G0565
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ap-EL-thayn
Translations: to go away, to depart, to leave, to go back
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἀπέρχομαι (aperchomai), meaning 'to go away' or 'to depart'. It is used to express the action of leaving a place or person, or going back to a previous location. It can be used in various contexts to indicate movement away from something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ
G0686, G0685
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Part of Speech: Particle, Noun
Sounds like: AH-rah
Translations: then, therefore, so, consequently, perhaps, indeed, is it that?, curse, an imprecation
Notes: The word 'ἈΡΑ' can function as a particle or a noun. As a particle, it is used to introduce a question, often expecting a negative answer, or to draw an inference, meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It can also express a degree of uncertainty or possibility, translating to 'perhaps' or 'indeed'. As a noun, 'ἈΡΑ' refers to a curse or an imprecation, a solemn utterance intended to invoke a supernatural power to inflict harm or punishment on someone or something.
Inflection: As a particle, it does not inflect. As a noun, it is Feminine, Singular, Nominative.
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓Ν, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ, ΚΑΤΑΡΑ
Etymology: The particle 'ἈΡΑ' is of uncertain origin, possibly an onomatopoeic exclamation. The noun 'ἈΡΑ' (curse) is also of uncertain origin, possibly related to the verb 'ἀράομαι' (araomai) meaning 'to pray, to curse'.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MACE
Translations: we
Notes: This word is a first-person plural pronoun, meaning 'we'. It is used as the subject of a sentence or clause, indicating that the action is performed by the speaker and one or more other people. For example, 'we go' or 'we believe'.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, First Person
Etymology: The word 'ΕΓΩ' (ego) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental pronoun found across many Indo-European languages.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ay-POY-men
Translations: we might say, we would say, we should say
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is in the optative mood, which expresses a wish, a possibility, or a potential action. Therefore, it translates as 'we might say' or 'we would say', indicating a hypothetical or desired statement.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Optative, 1st Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
Etymology: The word ΕἸΠΩ (eipo) is a suppletive aorist stem used with forms of ΛΕΓΩ (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. Its origin can be traced back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking or declaring.
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kan-THOH-na
Translations: ass, donkey, pack-ass, a pack-ass
Notes: This word refers to a pack-ass or donkey, specifically one used for carrying burdens. It is used to describe an animal that is a beast of burden. The word is not commonly found in classical Greek literature but appears in later Koine texts.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΝΟΣ, ΥΠΟΖΥΓΙΟΝ
Etymology: The etymology of ΚΑΝΘΩΝ is uncertain, but it is believed to be a loanword, possibly from an Eastern language, or a word of onomatopoeic origin related to the braying of a donkey.
G5126, G2076
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: too-TES-tin
Translations: that is, namely, i.e., that is to say
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the demonstrative pronoun 'this' (τοῦτο) and the verb 'is' (ἐστιν). It functions as an adverbial phrase, meaning 'that is' or 'namely'. It is used to introduce an explanation, clarification, or a more precise definition of something previously mentioned. It can be used to rephrase a statement or to provide an equivalent term.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΝΟΤΙ, ΗΓΟΥΝ
G1438
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ahf-TON
Translations: himself, herself, itself, themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, or themselves'. It is used to refer back to the subject of the sentence, indicating that the action of the verb is directed back to the subject. For example, 'he saw himself'. It can be used for singular or plural subjects.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΝ
G0001
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-pee-OHN
Translations: pear, a pear
Notes: This word refers to a pear or a pear tree. It is used to describe something related to pears, such as the fruit itself or the tree it grows on. In the provided context, it appears to be used in a genitive plural form, possibly referring to 'pear trees' or 'pears'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine; or Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek word for pear. It is the root form of the word.
G2007
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-for-TEE-zei
Translations: to burden, to overload, to oppress
Notes: This word means to place a heavy burden upon someone or something, to overload, or to oppress. It implies putting an excessive weight or responsibility on someone, often to their detriment or discomfort. It can be used in both a literal sense of carrying a physical load and a figurative sense of imposing a difficult task or hardship.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΒΑΡΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΡΕΩ, ΦΟΡΤΙΖΩ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-EH-ee
Translations: makes, does, creates, performs, produces, brings about, carries out
Notes: This verb signifies to make, do, or create something. It is used broadly to describe actions, accomplishments, or the bringing into existence of something. It can refer to physical creation, the performance of an action, or the production of a result.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G3473
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: moh-roh-loh-GHEE-as
Translations: of foolish talk, of foolish speaking, of silly talk, of nonsense
Notes: This word refers to foolish or silly talk, often implying speech that is empty, nonsensical, or morally worthless. It describes communication that lacks wisdom or seriousness. It is a compound word formed from 'moros' (foolish) and 'logos' (word/speech).
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΩΡΙΑΣ, ΑΦΡΟΣΥΝΗΣ, ΑΝΟΙΑΣ
G0260
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: AH-mah
Translations: at the same time, together, with, at once, simultaneously
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'at the same time' or 'together'. It emphasizes simultaneity or togetherness of actions or people. It can also function as an improper preposition, taking the dative case, to mean 'together with' or 'with'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΥ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words signifying 'together' or 'at the same time' in various Indo-European languages.
G5582
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PSEV-sma-ton
Translations: of a lie, of lies, of falsehood, of falsehoods
Notes: This word refers to a lie, a falsehood, or something that is untrue. It is used to describe deceptive statements or actions. In its genitive plural form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of lies' or 'of falsehoods'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΨΕΥΔΟΣ, ΑΠΑΤΗ
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kah-tah-GOH-mon
Translations: heavily laden, overloaded, burdened
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'heavily laden' or 'overloaded'. It describes something or someone carrying a very heavy burden or load. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and 'γόμος' (gomos), meaning 'a load' or 'cargo'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΒΑΡΥΣ, ΦΟΡΤΙΣ
Etymology: This word is a compound formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the noun ΓΟΜΟΣ (gomos), meaning 'a load' or 'cargo'.
G5117
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TOH-poos
Translations: places, a place, regions, a region, localities, a locality
Notes: This word refers to a specific location, area, or region. It is commonly used to denote a physical space or a particular spot. In the provided examples, it is used in the plural to refer to multiple locations or areas.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΧΩΡΙΟΝ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON-tas
Translations: being, existing, those who are, those who exist
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (ΕἸΜΙ), inflected in the masculine accusative plural. It describes individuals or things that are currently in a state of being or existence. It can be translated as 'being' or 'existing', often referring to 'those who are' or 'those who exist' in a particular state or place, especially when used substantively (as a noun). For example, it might refer to 'those who are present' or 'those who are alive'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: grah-FEI
Translations: he writes, she writes, it writes, he draws, she draws, it draws, he paints, she paints, it paints
Notes: This word means 'to write', 'to draw', or 'to paint'. It is used to describe the act of creating text, images, or figures, often with a pen, brush, or other instrument. It can refer to the physical act of inscribing or depicting something.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΖΩΓΡΑΦΩ, ΥΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PO-leess
Translations: cities, a city
Notes: This word refers to a city or a town. It is used to describe a populated area with buildings and infrastructure, often with a distinct political or administrative structure. In the provided context, it refers to multiple cities, specifically 'fortified cities'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΣΤΥ, ΚΩΜΗ
G1492
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ay-DOHS
Translations: knowing, one who knows, he who knows
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'to know'. It describes someone who is in a state of knowing or has knowledge. It can function like an adjective, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who knows').
Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩΝ, ἘΠΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΟΣ
Etymology: The verb οἶδα (oida) is an ancient Greek verb meaning 'to know'. It is a perfect tense form that functions as a present tense in meaning, indicating a state of knowing resulting from a past act of seeing or perceiving. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, meaning 'to see, to know'.
G3346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-tah-TITH-ay-sin
Translations: transfers, changes, removes, transposes, alters, moves
Notes: This verb means to transfer, change, or remove something from one place or state to another. It describes the act of shifting or altering the position, condition, or allegiance of a person or thing. It can be used to describe moving objects, changing laws, or even a person changing their mind or loyalty.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Active Indicative
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΜΕΤΑΚΙΝΕΩ, ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G2485
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: Ih-doo-MAI-ah
Translations: Idumea, Edom
Notes: Idumea refers to a historical region located south of Judea, inhabited by the Edomites, who were descendants of Esau. It is frequently mentioned in biblical texts, often in prophecies or historical accounts concerning the nations surrounding ancient Israel. It is used to refer to the land or the people of Edom.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: From Hebrew אֱדוֹם (Edom), referring to the land and descendants of Esau.
G2251
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hay-MEH-teh-ras
Translations: of our, of ours
Notes: This word is a possessive adjective meaning 'our' or 'ours'. It indicates possession by the first person plural (we). It functions similarly to the English word 'our', modifying a noun to show that something belongs to 'us'. For example, 'our house' or 'our strength'.
Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Feminine
G5561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHO-ras
Translations: of a country, of a region, of a land, of a place, of the country, of the region, of the land, of the place, countries, regions, lands, places
Notes: This word refers to a country, region, land, or place. It is often used to denote a specific geographical area or territory. In its genitive singular form, it indicates possession or origin, such as 'of a country' or 'from a region'. It can also function as the nominative or accusative plural, meaning 'countries' or 'regions'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΓΗ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: OH-moh-ros
Translations: bordering, adjacent, neighboring
Notes: This word describes something that is next to or shares a border with something else. It is used to indicate proximity or a shared boundary, often referring to geographical areas or territories. For example, one country might be described as 'bordering' another.
Inflection: Masculine, Feminine or Neuter, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΟΡΟΣ, ΓΕΙΤΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΟΜΟΡΟΣ is a compound word derived from the prefix ὁμο- (homo-), meaning 'same' or 'like', and ὅρος (horos), meaning 'boundary' or 'limit'. Thus, it literally means 'having the same boundary'.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G1047
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun
Sounds like: GAH-zan
Translations: Gaza, a treasure, treasure
Notes: This word can refer to two distinct things: the city of Gaza, a significant city in ancient Philistia, or a store of wealth, a treasury, or treasure itself. When referring to the city, it is a proper noun. When referring to treasure, it is a common noun. Its meaning depends entirely on the context in which it is used.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΗΣΑΥΡΟΣ, ΧΡΗΜΑΤΑ
Etymology: The word 'Γάζα' (Gaza) as a proper noun for the city is of Semitic origin, likely from a word meaning 'strong' or 'fortress'. As a common noun meaning 'treasure', it is believed to be of Persian origin, referring to the royal treasury.
G2749
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: KEE-meh-nee
Translations: lying, lying down, situated, placed, set, appointed, laid, a lying, a lying down
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'ΚΕΙΜΑΙ' (keimai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to be laid'. It describes something that is in a state of lying, being placed, or being situated. It can refer to a physical position, like a person lying down, or to the location of an object or place, indicating where it is situated. It can also imply something that has been laid down or appointed.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΙΘΕΜΕΝΗ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΟΜΕΝΗ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TOW-tays
Translations: of this, of that
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. As a genitive feminine singular form, it indicates possession or origin, referring to a feminine noun that is either physically near or has been previously mentioned in the discourse. It functions similarly to 'of this' or 'of that' in English, specifying a particular item or concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΗΣ, ΤΗΣΔΕ
G3762
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: oo-DEH-mee-ah
Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, not one, not any, no
Notes: This word is a compound negative adjective or pronoun, meaning 'no one,' 'nobody,' 'nothing,' or 'not any.' It is used to express absolute negation, emphasizing the complete absence of something or someone. It functions similarly to 'not a single one' and is often used to modify nouns or stand in for them, agreeing in gender, number, and case with the noun it refers to or replaces.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-lis
Translations: city, a city, town, a town
Notes: The word 'polis' refers to a city or town, a populated center where people live and gather. In ancient contexts, it often implied a self-governing city-state, but in Koine Greek, it frequently refers simply to any significant urban settlement. It is used to denote the physical location and its inhabitants.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΚΩΜΗ, ΧΩΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (to fill) or *pel- (to build, to enclose). It refers to a fortified place or a populated area.
G3305
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN-toy
Translations: however, certainly, indeed, nevertheless, yet, truly
Notes: ΜΕΝΤΟΙ is a particle used to introduce a strong contrast or to emphasize a statement. It often means 'however' or 'nevertheless' when introducing a contrasting idea, or 'certainly' or 'indeed' when adding emphasis to a preceding statement. It can be used to affirm something strongly or to mark a transition to a more important or contrasting point.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΔΕ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: From the particle μέν (men) meaning 'on the one hand' or 'indeed', and τοι (toi) meaning 'surely' or 'indeed'. It combines these elements to form a stronger emphatic or adversative particle.
G5403
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: foy-NEE-kays
Translations: of Phoenicia
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Phoenicia, an ancient civilization situated on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It is used to denote the region or its people, often in a geographical or administrative context, as seen in phrases like 'the province of Phoenicia'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The word Φοινίκη (Phoinikē) is derived from the Greek word φοῖνιξ (phoinix), which can refer to the date palm tree or the color purple-red. The region was known for its purple dye production and its date palms.
G2573
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: kar-MAY-lee-on
Translations: Carmel, Mount Carmel
Notes: This word refers to Mount Carmel, a significant mountain range in ancient Israel, often mentioned in the Old Testament. It is notably associated with the prophet Elijah's confrontation with the prophets of Baal. It is used to denote the specific geographical location.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Hebrew Karmel (כַּרְמֶל), meaning 'garden-land' or 'fruitful land'.
G3735
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OH-ros
Translations: mountain, a mountain, hill, a hill
Notes: This word refers to a mountain or a hill. It is commonly used to describe a natural elevation of the earth's surface, often a significant landmark or a place of refuge or religious significance in ancient texts.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΝΟΣ, ΟΡΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- meaning 'to rise, to ascend'.
G3687
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oh-no-MAH-zeh-tai
Translations: is named, is called
Notes: This verb means 'to be named' or 'to be called'. It is used to state the name or designation of a person, place, or thing. For example, 'The city is named Jerusalem' or 'He is called John'.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΛΕΓΩ
G3367
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: MAY-den
Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one
Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ
Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.
G1942
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: eh-pee-koy-no-NOO-sah
Translations: communicating, sharing, participating, having fellowship, being in common, being connected
Notes: This word describes the act of communicating, sharing, or having fellowship with someone or something. It implies a mutual connection or participation. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing a noun that is in the act of communicating or sharing.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΩΝΟΥΣΑ, ΜΕΤΕΧΟΥΣΑ, ΣΥΝΟΜΙΛΟΥΣΑ
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-PEE-ohn-oss
Translations: of Apion
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Apion'. Apion was a Greek grammarian and sophist from the 1st century AD, known for his anti-Jewish writings. The word refers to something belonging to or associated with Apion.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The name 'Apion' is of Greek origin, derived from the Greek word 'apios' meaning 'pear-shaped' or 'like a pear'. It was a common personal name in ancient Greece.
G5396
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: phly-A-ray-ma-see
Translations: nonsense, idle talk, foolish talk, babbling
Notes: This word refers to foolish or idle talk, babbling, or nonsense. It describes speech that is empty, trivial, or without substance. It is typically used to describe speech that is not worth listening to or that is misleading.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΛΥΑΡΙΑ, ΛΗΡΟΣ
G5064
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: TESS-sah-rohn
Translations: of four
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the numeral 'four'. It is used to indicate a quantity of four, specifically when the context requires the genitive case, often signifying possession, origin, or a part of a whole.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Etymology: The word 'ΤΕΣΣΑΡΕΣ' (tessares) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'four'. It is a basic numeral found across many Indo-European languages.
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hay-mer-OHN
Translations: of days
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'day'. It refers to a period of 24 hours, or more broadly, a specific period of time or an era. As a genitive plural, it is often used to indicate possession, origin, or a temporal relationship, such as 'during the days' or 'belonging to the days'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΚΑΙΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It refers to the period of daylight, contrasting with night.
G3598
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ho-DON
Translations: way, a way, road, a road, journey, a journey, path, a path
Notes: This word refers to a way, road, or path, whether literal or figurative. It can describe a physical route or a course of conduct, a manner of life, or a journey. As an accusative singular noun, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΣ, ΑΤΡΑΠΟΣ, ΠΟΡΕΙΑ
G2449
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-as
Translations: of Judea
Notes: This word refers to Judea, a historical region in the Southern Levant. In ancient times, it was the name of the mountainous southern part of the Kingdom of Judah, and later a Roman province. It is often used to specify the origin or location of something or someone.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G0868
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-fes-TEE-ken
Translations: has departed, has stood away, has withdrawn, has revolted, has apostatized
Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb ἀφίστημι. It describes an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results in the present. It means to stand off, depart, withdraw, or revolt. It can be used to describe physical separation or a metaphorical separation, such as a departure from faith or loyalty (apostasy).
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ, ἈΠΟΠΗΔΑΩ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G2089
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-TEE
Translations: still, yet, further, more
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating continuation in time or degree. It can mean 'still' or 'yet' when referring to something that is ongoing or has not happened yet. It can also mean 'further' or 'more' when adding to something or indicating an additional quantity or action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙ, ἘΤΙΔΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eti 'beyond, further'. It is related to Latin et 'and, also'.
G2723
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tay-go-REH-ee
Translations: accuses, he accuses, she accuses, it accuses
Notes: This word means 'to accuse' or 'to bring a charge against someone'. It is used to describe the act of formally or informally blaming someone for a wrongdoing. For example, one might say 'he accuses' or 'she accuses' someone of a crime or a fault.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΓΚΑΛΕΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΜΑΩ
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G2839
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: koy-NOOS
Translations: common, shared, public, profane, unclean, unholy
Notes: This word describes something that is common, shared, or public. It can refer to things that are accessible to everyone, or things that are held in common by a group. In a religious context, it can also mean 'profane' or 'unclean,' distinguishing something from what is sacred or pure. It is often used to describe things that are not set apart or consecrated.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΔΗΜΟΣΙΟΣ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΟΣ, ΒΕΒΗΛΟΣ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-ayn
Translations: to have, to hold, to possess, to be able, to keep, to get
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It is used to express possession, a state of being, or ability. As an infinitive, it often functions like a noun, serving as the subject or object of another verb, or it can complete the meaning of another verb.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-OOS
Translations: gods
Notes: This word refers to gods or deities. It is the plural form of 'god' and is used when referring to multiple divine beings. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, indicating the recipients of an action.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΑΙΜΟΝΕΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *dʰes-, meaning 'sacred, holy'. It is related to words for divine beings or sacred concepts in other Indo-European languages.
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G4472
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: rah-DEE-ohs
Translations: easily, readily, quickly, without difficulty
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'easily' or 'readily'. It describes an action that is performed without much effort or resistance. For example, one might say something can be done 'easily' or 'without difficulty'. It can also imply 'quickly' in the sense of something being done without delay due to ease.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΥΚΟΛΩΣ, ΤΑΧΕΩΣ
Etymology: From the adjective ῥᾴδιος (rhadios), meaning 'easy' or 'ready'.
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-tohs
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in such a way
Notes: This adverb indicates manner or degree, meaning 'in this way,' 'thus,' or 'so.' It can refer back to something previously mentioned or forward to something about to be stated. It often introduces a consequence or result, showing how something is done or to what extent.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (OUTOS), meaning 'this' or 'that'.
G3982
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-STHAY-san
Translations: they were persuaded, they were convinced, they obeyed, they trusted
Notes: This word describes an action where a group of people were persuaded, convinced, or brought to a state of belief or obedience. It implies that they yielded to an argument, evidence, or authority, resulting in a change of mind or action. It is often used in contexts where someone is convinced to do something or to believe something.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
G3962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PAH-teh-res
Translations: fathers, parents, ancestors
Notes: This word refers to male parents, or more broadly, to ancestors or forefathers. It can also be used in a spiritual sense to refer to spiritual leaders or founders. In a sentence, it would typically function as the subject or direct address.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΓΟΝΟΙ, ΓΟΝΕΙΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΑΤΗΡ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'father'. It is a very ancient word found across many Indo-European languages.
G2240
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: HEK-sane
Translations: to come, to have come, to arrive
Notes: This word is the future active infinitive of the verb ἥκω (hēkō), meaning 'to come' or 'to arrive'. It describes an action of coming or arriving that is expected to happen in the future. It is often used in indirect statements or to express purpose or result.
Inflection: Future, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΦΘΑΝΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- ('to follow'). It is related to Latin sequor ('to follow') and English 'sequence'.
G0002
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-pol-LOH-nah
Translations: Apollo
Notes: This is the name of Apollo, one of the most important and complex Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and mythology. He is the god of music, poetry, art, archery, healing, and prophecy. In sentences, he would typically be the object of a verb or preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The etymology of the name 'Apollo' is uncertain, but it is believed to be pre-Greek or of Anatolian origin. It is not derived from a known Greek root.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos). It is used to refer to a group of male or mixed-gender individuals as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can mean 'them' or, when used emphatically, 'themselves'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G0792
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AS-tron
Translations: (of) stars
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the Koine Greek noun "ἀστήρ" (astēr), meaning "star." It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to "of stars" or "belonging to stars." For example, one might speak of "the light of the stars" or "among the stars."
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΦΩΣΤΗΡ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'star'. It is related to words for 'star' in many other Indo-European languages.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAYS
Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region
Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').
G3633
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oh-ee-THEH-san
Translations: they thought, they supposed, they imagined, they believed
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'they thought' or 'they supposed'. It describes the action of forming an opinion, believing, or imagining something. It is typically used to express a subjective belief or a personal estimation.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ
Etymology: The verb ΟἼΟΜΑΙ (or ΟἼΩ) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *oi- meaning 'to think' or 'to suppose'.
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ho-RAN
Translations: to see, to look, to perceive, to behold
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horaō), meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It is used to express the action of seeing or observing something, often in a general sense or as a purpose. For example, it can be used in phrases like 'to be able to see' or 'in order to see'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΕΙΝ, ΘΕΑΣΘΑΙ
Etymology: The word 'ὁράω' (horaō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer- 'to perceive, observe'. It is related to other Greek words concerning sight and perception.
G4043
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: peh-ree-pah-TOON-tah
Translations: walking, going about, living, conducting oneself, those walking, those going about
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ', meaning 'to walk' or 'to go about'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing. It can refer to physical movement, but often in Koine Greek, it metaphorically describes one's manner of life, conduct, or behavior. For example, 'walking in truth' means 'living truthfully'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΔΙΖΩ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ' is a compound word formed from 'ΠΕΡΙ' (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and 'ΠΑΤΕΩ' (pateo), meaning 'to tread' or 'to walk'. Thus, it literally means 'to walk around'.
G3088
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LYKH-non
Translations: lamp, a lamp, light
Notes: This word refers to a lamp, typically an oil lamp, which was a common source of artificial light in ancient times. It can also metaphorically refer to light or guidance. It is used in sentences to denote a physical lamp or a source of illumination.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΦΩΣ, ΛΑΜΠΑΣ
G3768
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: oo-deh-POH
Translations: not yet, never yet
Notes: This is a compound adverb meaning 'not yet' or 'never yet'. It is used to indicate that an action or state has not occurred up to the present moment. It emphasizes the continuation of a negative condition.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΠΩ, ΟΥ̓ΚΕΤΙ
Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΔΕΠΩ is a compound word formed from ΟΥ̓ΔΕ (oude), meaning 'not even' or 'nor', and ΠΩ (po), meaning 'yet' or 'up to this time'.
G1212
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: DAY-lon
Translations: clear, evident, manifest, obvious, a clear thing
Notes: This word describes something that is clear, evident, or manifest. It is used to indicate that something is easily seen, understood, or proven. For example, one might say that a truth is 'clear' or that a sign is 'evident'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΚΔΗΛΟΣ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ, ΕΜΦΑΝΗΣ
Etymology: From the root *del- meaning 'to show, make clear'.
G4385
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: PROS-then
Translations: before, in front, in front of, in the presence of, formerly, previously
Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front'. It can refer to a spatial position, indicating something is physically in front, or to a temporal position, meaning 'formerly' or 'previously'. It can also be used as a preposition with the genitive case, meaning 'in front of' or 'in the presence of' someone or something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΠΡΟ
Etymology: From the preposition πρό (pro, 'before') and the suffix -θεν (-then, indicating origin or direction from).
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-oh-RAH-kah-sin
Translations: they have seen, they have perceived, they have looked
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'they have seen' or 'they have perceived'. It is in the perfect tense, indicating an action that was completed in the past but has ongoing results or a continuing state in the present. It describes a completed act of seeing or understanding.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΟΡΑΩ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'.
G5118
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toh-SAH-oo-tahs
Translations: so many, so great, such a quantity, so much
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'so many' or 'so great' in quantity or extent. It is used to describe a large or specific number or amount of something, often emphasizing the magnitude. It functions similarly to 'such' or 'so much/many' in English, indicating a degree or quantity that is remarkable or significant.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΣΟΣ, ΟΣΟΣ, ΤΗΛΙΚΟΥΤΟΣ
G5082
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: tay-lee-KAH-oo-tas
Translations: so great, so large, so important, such
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'so great' or 'so large', emphasizing the magnitude or importance of something. It is often used to describe things that are remarkably large, significant, or of such a kind. It functions like a demonstrative adjective, pointing to the quality or size of a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: lookh-no-KAI-as
Translations: lamp-burning, lamp-lighting, lamp-kindling, a lamp-burning, a lamp-lighting, a lamp-kindling
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'λύχνος' (lamp) and 'καίω' (to burn/kindle). It refers to the act or process of lighting or kindling lamps, or possibly a festival or occasion involving the lighting of many lamps. It describes the action of making lamps burn.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine OR Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word is a compound of Ancient Greek λύχνος (lúkhnos, “lamp”) and καίω (kaíō, “to burn, kindle”).
G2005
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: eh-pee-teh-LOON-tes
Translations: performing, accomplishing, completing, carrying out, executing, celebrating
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epiteleō', meaning to bring to completion, to accomplish, or to perform. It describes an action that is being carried out or brought to its conclusion. It can be used to describe people who are performing a task, completing a work, or celebrating a ritual.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ
G3761
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: oo-DEH
Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ
Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G0940
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: bah-DI-zon-tee
Translations: (to) walking, (to) going, (to) stepping, (to) treading
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'walking' or 'going'. It describes someone who is in the process of walking or moving on foot. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb, and in this dative case, it indicates the recipient or indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ
G5561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHO-ran
Translations: country, a country, land, a land, region, a region, field, a field
Notes: This word refers to a country, land, region, or territory. It can also denote a specific field or piece of ground. It is used to describe a geographical area or a specific plot of land.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΗ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΑΓΡΟΣ
G5118
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toh-SOO-tone
Translations: of so great, of so many, of such, of so much
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'so great,' 'so many,' or 'such.' It is used to indicate a large quantity or degree of something, often emphasizing the extent. It can be used to describe both countable and uncountable nouns.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΟΣΟΣ, ΤΗΛΙΚΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: From the Greek words ΤΟΣΟΣ (tos-os), meaning 'so much, so great,' and ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos), meaning 'this, that.'
G3461
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: my-ree-AH-dohn
Translations: of myriads, of ten thousands, of countless numbers
Notes: This word refers to a very large, indefinite number, specifically ten thousand, or more generally, an innumerable multitude. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of myriads' or 'of ten thousands'. It is used to describe a vast quantity of something.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΡΙΘΜΗΤΟΣ, ΑΠΕΙΡΟΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word μύριος (myrios), meaning 'countless, innumerable', which is related to the number ten thousand.
G5221
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-PAN-tay-sen
Translations: met, encountered, came to meet
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'hypantaō', meaning 'to meet' or 'to encounter'. It describes the action of one person or group going out to meet another, often implying a direct confrontation or a planned rendezvous. It is used to indicate that someone came face to face with another individual or group.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ
G2048
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: EH-ray-mah
Translations: desert, a desert, desolate, solitary, uninhabited, waste, a wilderness
Notes: This word describes something that is desolate, uninhabited, or solitary. It can refer to a physical place like a desert or wilderness, or it can describe a state of being empty or abandoned. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, but it can also function as a noun itself, meaning 'a desert' or 'a desolate place'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΥΔΡΟΣ, ΕΡΗΜΙΑ, ΕΡΗΜΩΣΙΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G5038
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TEI-khee
Translations: walls, a wall
Notes: This word refers to walls, typically those of a city or fortress, providing defense or enclosure. It is used in the plural form to denote multiple walls or the collective structure of a city's defenses.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΤΕΙΧΙΟΝ
G5438
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: foo-LAH-kohn
Translations: of guards, of watchmen, of keepers
Notes: This word refers to those who guard, watch, or keep something or someone. It is used to describe individuals or groups responsible for protection or custody, such as soldiers guarding a city or watchmen overseeing a property. It is a compound word, coming from the root word ΦΥΛΑΞ (phylax), meaning 'a guard'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΦΡΟΥΡΩΝ, ΤΗΡΗΤΩΝ
G2147
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EU-reh
Translations: he found, she found, it found
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to find', 'to discover', or 'to obtain'. It is used to describe the act of locating something or someone, or coming across something unexpectedly. It can also imply the act of acquiring or achieving something. For example, one might 'find' a lost item or 'find' favor with someone.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G4921
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: soon-es-tay-KO-tos
Translations: of that which has been constituted, of that which has been formed, of that which has been established, of that which has been composed, of that which has been brought together, of that which has been united
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'συνίστημι' (synistēmi), meaning 'to stand together, to constitute, to form, to establish, to compose, to bring together, to unite'. As a genitive singular masculine/neuter participle, it refers to something that has been constituted or formed, often implying a state of being brought together or established. It describes the state or origin of something that exists as a result of being put together or organized.
Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΟΥ, ΣΥΝΤΕΘΕΙΜΕΝΟΥ, ΣΥΝΗΘΡΟΙΣΜΕΝΟΥ
G1439
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-oh
Translations: to allow, to permit, to let, to suffer, to give up, to leave, to abandon
Notes: This verb means 'to allow' or 'to permit' someone to do something. It can also mean 'to let go' or 'to leave behind' or 'to abandon'. It is often used to express permission or to indicate that something is left undone or unhindered.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ἈΦΊΗΜΙ, ΣΥΓΧΩΡΈΩ
Etymology: From a prolonged form of the root of G1436 (ἐάω).
G243
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAHL-lah
Translations: the others, the rest, other things
Notes: This word is a contraction of the definite article 'τά' (the) and the adjective/pronoun 'ἄλλα' (other, different). It refers to 'the other things' or 'the rest' in a neuter plural sense. It is used to indicate the remaining items or people in a group, or things that are distinct from those already mentioned.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΛΟΙΠΑ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΑ
Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'.
G3485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NAH-oo
Translations: of a temple, of the temple, to a temple, to the temple, temples
Notes: This word refers to a temple or a sanctuary, specifically the inner part of a temple where the deity was worshipped. It can also refer to the entire sacred edifice. In the provided examples, it appears in the genitive singular (of the temple) and the nominative/accusative plural (temples).
Inflection: Singular, Genitive or Dative; or Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΕΩΣ
Etymology: The word ΝΑΟΣ (naos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It refers to a dwelling place, particularly of a god.
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral
Sounds like: AI
Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11
Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)
Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.
G2374
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THOO-rai
Translations: doors, gates, a door, a gate
Notes: This word refers to a door or a gate, serving as an entrance or exit to a building, room, or enclosed area. It is often used in the plural to refer to multiple doors or a set of gates. It can also metaphorically represent an opportunity or access.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΥΛΗ, ΕΙΣΟΔΟΣ
Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *dhwer- meaning 'door, doorway'. It is cognate with English 'door'.
G5311
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: Y-PSOS
Translations: height, a height, high, on high, top, summit, heaven
Notes: This word refers to the state of being high or elevated. It can denote physical height, such as the height of a tree or a building, or a more abstract sense of being 'on high' or in a lofty position, often referring to heaven or a place of divine authority. It is used to describe both literal elevation and metaphorical exaltation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΟΥΡΑΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word "ΥΨΟΣ" comes from the adjective "ὑψύς" (hypsys), meaning "high" or "lofty." It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *up-, meaning "up, over."
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AY-sahn
Translations: they were, were
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It indicates an action or state that was ongoing or habitual in the past, referring to a plural subject. It functions similarly to 'were' in English, describing the state or existence of multiple entities in a past context.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Active
G1835
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: ex-AY-kon-tah
Translations: sixty
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'sixty'. It is used to indicate a quantity of sixty units. It typically remains uninflected in Koine Greek, functioning as an indeclinable numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἑξήκοντα (hexḗkonta), from ἕξ (héx, “six”) + -κοντα (-konta, “-ty”).
G4083
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PAY-khone
Translations: of cubits, of forearms
Notes: This word refers to a cubit, which is an ancient unit of length based on the length of the forearm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. It was commonly used for measuring distances or dimensions, such as the height of a structure or the length of an object. It can also refer to the forearm itself.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
G1501
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: EYE-koh-see
Translations: twenty
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'twenty'. It is used to indicate a quantity of twenty units and is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change based on gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *wikm̥ti, meaning 'twenty'. It is related to Latin viginti and Sanskrit viṃśati.
G4111
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLA-tos
Translations: breadth, width, a breadth, a width
Notes: This word refers to the dimension of an object or space from side to side, as opposed to its length or height. It is used to describe the extent or measurement across something. For example, it can describe the width of a road, a valley, or a city.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- ('flat, broad'). It is related to words meaning 'flat' or 'wide'.
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kah-tah-KHROO-soy
Translations: overlaid with gold, gilded, gold-plated
Notes: This word describes something that is covered or adorned with gold. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'over', and χρυσός (chrysos), meaning 'gold'. It is used to indicate that an object has been extensively covered or plated with gold.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΡΥΣΟΕΙΔΗΣ, ΧΡΥΣΟΦΟΡΟΣ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sai
Translations: all, every, whole, all things, every one, all people, all women
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or entirety of something. It can be used with nouns to specify that all members of a group are included, or it can stand alone as a pronoun meaning 'everyone' or 'everything'. In this form, it refers to a plural feminine group.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3398
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: mee-KROO
Translations: (of) small, (of) little, (of) short, (of) young, (of) unimportant, (of) the small one, (of) the little one, (of) the least
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective 'ΜΙΚΡΟΣ' (mikros), meaning 'small' or 'little'. It can describe something as being of small size, quantity, or importance. When used substantively, it refers to 'the small one' or 'the least'. It is often used in phrases contrasting with 'great' or 'large', such as 'from great to small' (ἀπὸ μεγάλου ἕως μικροῦ), meaning 'from the greatest to the least' or 'from everyone, regardless of status'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ, ΕΛΑΧΙΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΜΙΚΡΟΣ (mikros) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'small'. It is related to the Latin 'minor' and 'minimus'.
G1163
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DEIN
Translations: to be necessary, to be needful, to be proper, to be right, to be fitting, to be binding, to be obligatory, to be due, to be destined, to be fated, to be required, to be compelled, to be obliged, to need, to have to, must, ought
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the impersonal verb 'ΔΕΙ'. It means 'to be necessary' or 'it is necessary'. It is often used to express obligation, necessity, or what is proper or destined to happen. It typically takes an infinitive as its subject, indicating what must or ought to be done.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ
G5730
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: sfoo-RAY-lah-toy
Translations: hammered out, wrought with a hammer, beaten work
Notes: This word describes something that has been formed or shaped by hammering, typically referring to metalwork. It implies a process of beating and shaping material with a hammer to create a desired form, such as an idol, a vessel, or decorative work. It is used to describe objects that are not cast or molded, but rather crafted through direct impact.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΥΠΩΤΟΣ, ΚΟΠΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΦΥΡΗΛΑΤΟΣ is a compound word derived from σφῦρα (sphyra), meaning 'hammer', and ἐλαύνω (elaunō), meaning 'to drive, strike, beat'. Thus, it literally means 'hammer-driven' or 'hammer-beaten'.
G1578
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-LEH-ee-on
Translations: to shut, to close, to lock, to bar
Notes: This word means to shut, close, or lock something. It is often used in the context of doors, gates, or other openings being closed or secured. It can also imply a complete cessation or blocking of something.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΙΩ, ΣΥΓΚΛΕΙΩ, ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐκ (ek, "out of") and κλείω (kleiō, "to shut").
G1642
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: eh-LAHT-toos
Translations: less, smaller, fewer, a lesser one, a smaller one
Notes: This word is a comparative adjective meaning 'less', 'smaller', or 'fewer'. It is used to indicate a smaller quantity, size, or importance compared to something else. It often functions similarly to the English 'less than' or 'fewer than' when used in a comparative context.
Inflection: Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural
Synonyms: ΜΕΙΖΩΝ, ΗΣΣΩΝ
Etymology: From the root ἐλάχυστος (elachystos), meaning 'least', which is the superlative form of a lost positive adjective. It is related to the concept of smallness or deficiency.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON-tes
Translations: being, those who are, who are
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'being' or 'those who are' and functions like an adjective or a noun, describing the state of existence of a person or thing. It can be used to introduce a clause that explains the condition or identity of the subject.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative
G0435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-dres
Translations: men
Notes: This word means 'men' and is the plural form of 'man'. It refers to adult male human beings. In Koine Greek, it is often used generally to refer to people, especially in a collective sense, or specifically to males.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΙ
G1250
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: dee-ah-KO-see-oy
Translations: two hundred
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'two hundred'. It is used to quantify nouns, indicating a quantity of two hundred units. Like many numerals in Koine Greek, it inflects to agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative
Etymology: From Ancient Greek διακόσιοι (diakósioi), a compound of δύο (dúo, “two”) and ἑκατόν (hekatón, “hundred”).
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: kath
Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning
Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.
G1538
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAS-teen
Translations: each, every
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'each' or 'every'. It is used to refer to individual items or persons within a group, emphasizing their distinctness. For example, it can be used in phrases like 'each day' or 'every person'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HEE-meh-ran
Translations: day, a day
Notes: This is a feminine noun meaning 'day'. It refers to a period of 24 hours, or more generally, a specific point in time or an era. It is used as the direct object of a verb or after certain prepositions that take the accusative case.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ
G2641
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-li-PEIN
Translations: to leave behind, to abandon, to forsake, to desert, to depart from, to bequeath
Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'καταλείπω'. It is a compound verb formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'λείπω' (to leave). It means to leave something or someone behind, to abandon, or to forsake. It can also refer to leaving something as a legacy or inheritance. It is often used in contexts where someone departs from a place, leaves a person, or abandons a practice.
Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active
Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΚΛΕΙΠΩ, ΑΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ
G0455
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: ee-noyg-MEH-nahs
Translations: opened, having been opened
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been opened' or 'opened'. It describes something that has undergone the action of being opened and is now in an open state. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun to indicate that the noun is in an opened condition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine, Perfect Passive Participle
Synonyms: ἈΝΕΩΓΜΕΝΑΣ, ἈΝΟΙΞΑΣ
G2258
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: HAYN
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was
Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes a continuous or ongoing state or action in the past. It can be translated as 'was', 'he was', 'she was', or 'it was', depending on the subject implied by the context. It is often used to set the scene or describe background information in a narrative.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular
G0111
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ah-THEM-ee-ton
Translations: unlawful, forbidden, unholy, improper, an unlawful thing, that which is unlawful
Notes: This word describes something that is not permitted by law, custom, or divine will. It signifies an action or thing that is contrary to what is right or established. It can be used to describe actions, objects, or situations that are considered illicit or taboo.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΟΝ, ΑΣΕΒΕΣ, ΑΚΑΘΑΡΤΟΝ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OW-tas
Translations: them, themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun meaning 'them' or 'themselves'. It is used to refer to a group of feminine nouns or persons in the accusative case, indicating that they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can function as a simple pronoun or as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the subjects themselves.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΦΑΣ, ΣΦΕΑΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient Greek pronoun that has been in use since classical times, referring to 'self' or 'same', and developing into a general third-person pronoun.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G3088
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: lookh-no-FOR-os
Translations: lamp-bearer, light-bearer, torch-bearer, a lamp-bearer, a light-bearer, a torch-bearer
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'λύχνος' (lychnos), meaning 'lamp' or 'light', and 'φέρω' (pherō), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'. It refers to someone who carries a lamp or provides light, often in a literal sense as a torch-bearer or a person carrying a lamp. It can also be used adjectivally to describe something that bears light.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΩΣΦΟΡΟΣ, ΛΑΜΠΤΗΡ
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAY-nos
Translations: that, that one, he, she, it, those, they
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'that' or 'that one'. As a pronoun, it refers to a person or thing previously mentioned or understood from context, often emphasizing distance or distinction from the speaker or listener. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating 'that' specific noun. It is used to point out something or someone 'over there' or 'the one previously mentioned', contrasting with 'this' (οὗτος).
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: From ἐκεῖ (ekeî, 'there'). It refers to something or someone at a distance, contrasting with οὗτος (hoûtos, 'this one, here').
G0455
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-NOY-xayn
Translations: to open, to unseal, to disclose, to reveal
Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ἀνοίγω' (anoigō), meaning 'to open'. It is used to express the action of opening in a general or timeless sense, often as the object of another verb or as a purpose. For example, it can be used in phrases like 'to wish to open' or 'to be able to open'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΝΟΙΓΩ, ἈΝΑΠΕΤΑΝΝΥΜΙ, ἈΝΑΣΤΟΜΟΩ
G3633
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: OY-oh-MEH-nos
Translations: thinking, supposing, imagining, believing
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to think' or 'to suppose'. It describes someone who is currently thinking, supposing, or imagining something. It is often used to indicate a person's belief or opinion about a situation.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ἩΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΟἼΟΜΑΙ (oiomai) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *oi- meaning 'to think' or 'to suppose'.
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G3633
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: OH-eh-toh
Translations: he thought, he supposed, he imagined, he believed
Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'οἴομαι' (oiomai), meaning 'to think' or 'to suppose'. It describes an action of thinking or believing that was ongoing or habitual in the past. It is often used to express someone's opinion or assumption.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: EKH-ohn
Translations: having, holding, possessing, being in possession of
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like a verbal adjective, describing someone or something that is in the act of having or holding something. It can be translated as 'having' or 'one who has', and often introduces a clause explaining what someone possesses or is doing.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩΝ
Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to have'). It is a common verb in ancient Greek, with a wide range of meanings related to possession, state, and action.
G4219
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Adverb, Interrogative Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: PO-teh-ron
Translations: whether, which (of two), if, whether or not
Notes: This word is an interrogative particle, pronoun, or adjective used to introduce a question, often implying a choice between two alternatives. As an adverb, it means 'whether' or 'if'. As a pronoun or adjective, it means 'which of two'. It can introduce both direct and indirect questions.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΙ, ΑΡΑ
Etymology: From an interrogative pronominal stem, related to the concept of 'which of two'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEEN
Translations: her, it, herself
Notes: This is a third-person personal pronoun, specifically the feminine, singular, accusative form of 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It is used to refer to a feminine noun that is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. It can be translated as 'her' or 'it' (when referring to a feminine object), and sometimes reflexively as 'herself' or 'itself'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-mas
Translations: us
Notes: This word is the first-person plural pronoun 'we' in the accusative case. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, meaning 'us'. For example, 'He saw us' or 'They spoke to us'.
Inflection: First-person, Plural, Accusative
G0390
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nes-TREP-sen
Translations: returned, turned back, turned around, overturned, overthrew, conducted oneself, behaved
Notes: This is a verb meaning to turn back, return, or to turn around. It can also mean to overturn or overthrow something. In a figurative sense, it can refer to one's conduct or behavior, meaning to conduct oneself or behave in a certain way. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb στρέφω (strephō), meaning 'to turn'.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ἘΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ὙΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ
Etymology: The word ἀναστρέφω (anastrephō) is formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb στρέφω (strephō), meaning 'to turn'. It implies a turning motion, either literally or figuratively, often indicating a return or a change in direction or state.
G2983
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: lah-BOHN
Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the means or circumstance by which another action takes place. For example, 'having taken the book, he read it' or 'receiving the gift, she smiled.'
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative
Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΛΗΦΩΣ
G1521
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ice-eh-KO-mee-sen
Translations: brought in, carried in, introduced
Notes: This word describes the action of bringing or carrying something into a place. It implies movement from outside to inside. It is often used in narratives to describe someone or something being brought into a house, a room, or a specific location.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΓΩ, ΕΙΣΦΕΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΙΣΚΟΜΙΖΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΙΣ (EIS), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΚΟΜΙΖΩ (KOMIZO), meaning 'to carry' or 'to convey'.
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G0491
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: an-TEE-okh-os
Translations: Antiochus
Notes: Antiochus is a common Greek proper name, particularly prominent among the Seleucid kings who ruled over a large empire in the Hellenistic period. It refers to various historical figures, most notably several Seleucid monarchs. It is used as a name for a male individual.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: From Greek 'Antiochos', meaning 'resisting' or 'steadfast'. It is derived from 'anti' (against, in front of) and 'echō' (to have, to hold).
G2147
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: YOO-ree
Translations: find, discover, obtain, perceive, learn
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to find' or 'to discover'. It can also mean 'to obtain' or 'to come upon'. It is used in various contexts to describe the act of locating something or someone, or coming to know something. In the provided examples, it is used in a future tense or subjunctive sense, indicating that something will not be found.
Inflection: Aorist, Subjunctive, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
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