2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G0249

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-LOH-gon

Translations: unreasonable, irrational, absurd, senseless, beastly, an unreasonable thing, an irrational thing

Notes: This word describes something that is without reason, irrational, or absurd. It can refer to something that lacks logical thought or is contrary to reason. It can also be used to describe animals, implying they are 'without reason' or 'beastly'. In some contexts, it can be used substantively to mean 'an unreasonable thing' or 'an irrational act'. It is a compound word formed from the privative alpha (Α-) meaning 'without' and ΛΟΓΟΣ (logos) meaning 'reason' or 'word'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΗΤΟΣ, ΑΦΡΩΝ, ΑΣΥΝΕΤΟΣ

G5187

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: teh-too-FOH-sthai

Translations: to be puffed up, to be conceited, to be arrogant, to be proud

Notes: This word is a perfect passive infinitive, meaning 'to have been puffed up' or 'to be in a state of being puffed up'. It describes someone who is inflated with pride, conceited, or arrogant. It is often used to describe a negative character trait of excessive self-importance.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΦΥΣΙΟΩ, ΟΙΔΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “smoke, vapor, conceit, arrogance”), related to θύω (thúō, “to sacrifice, to rage”). The verb τυφόω means literally 'to fill with smoke' or 'to make smoky', hence metaphorically 'to inflate with pride'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G3441

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MOH-noos

Translations: alone, only, solitary, the only ones, the solitary ones

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'alone', 'only', or 'solitary'. It describes a state of being by oneself or being the sole instance of something. It can be used to emphasize uniqueness or isolation. In this form, it is the masculine plural accusative case, meaning it would typically modify a masculine plural noun that is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΗΜΟΣ, ΙΔΙΟΣ

G1987

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ep-is-TAH-men-oos

Translations: knowing, understanding, being acquainted with, being skilled in, those who know, those who understand

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epistamai', meaning 'to know' or 'to understand'. It describes someone who possesses knowledge, skill, or understanding in a particular area. As a participle, it can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, referring to 'those who know' or 'those who understand'.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

G3588, G0744

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tar-KHAH-yah

Translations: the ancient things, the old things, the things of old, the former things

Notes: This word is a contraction (coronis) of the definite article 'τὰ' (the, neuter plural) and the adjective 'ἀρχαῖα' (ancient, old, former, neuter plural). It refers to things that are old, ancient, or belong to a former time. It is used to speak of historical events, traditions, or anything that existed long ago.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΑΛΑΙΑ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΑ

Etymology: The root word ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ comes from the Greek word ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'beginning' or 'origin'. Thus, it refers to something that is from the beginning or very old.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G3860

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-DI-don-tas

Translations: delivering, handing over, entrusting, betraying, giving up

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'paradidomi', meaning 'to hand over', 'to deliver', 'to entrust', or 'to betray'. It describes an action of giving something or someone into the hands of another, often with the implication of transfer of authority, custody, or even betrayal. It can be used in various contexts, such as delivering a message, handing over a prisoner, entrusting a task, or betraying someone to an enemy.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΓΧΕΙΡΙΖΩ

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G1492

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ee-DOH-tes

Translations: knowing, having known, being aware, understanding

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'oida', meaning 'to know' or 'to be aware'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who is in a state of knowing or having known something. It can be used to indicate the reason for an action or the state of a subject.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ, ΣΥΝΙΕΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The verb 'oida' (from which 'eidotes' is derived) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, meaning 'to see' or 'to know'. In Greek, it evolved to signify knowledge gained through observation or experience.

G4933

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-GRAH-fon

Translations: I was writing, I was composing, I was compiling, he was writing, he was composing, he was compiling, she was writing, she was composing, she was compiling, it was writing, it was composing, it was compiling, you (plural) were writing, you (plural) were composing, you (plural) were compiling

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'συγγράφω' (syngraphō), meaning 'to write together with', 'to compose', or 'to compile'. It describes an action of writing or composing that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Singular or 2nd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1538

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAS-toy

Translations: each, every, each one, every one, each of them

Notes: This word refers to individuals within a group, emphasizing the distinctness of each member. It is used to indicate that something applies to every single person or thing in a collection, rather than to the group as a whole. For example, it can be used to say 'each one did something' or 'every person received something'.

Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Etymology: From a compound of the prefix 'ek' (out of) and 'kastos' (each). It emphasizes the idea of singling out 'each' from a group.

G1507

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-KAH-zon

Translations: they were guessing, they were conjecturing, they were inferring, they were supposing, they were comparing, they were likening

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb ΕΙΚΑΖΩ. It means to guess, conjecture, infer, or suppose, often based on probability or appearance. It can also mean to compare or liken something to something else. In the imperfect tense, it describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that 'they were guessing' or 'they used to guess'.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΝΟΕΩ, ΣΥΛΛΟΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΕΚΜΑΙΡΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΙΚΑΖΩ comes from the noun ΕΙΚΩΝ (eikōn), meaning 'likeness' or 'image'. The verb therefore relates to making a likeness or forming a conjecture based on appearances.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4119

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PLEH-ee-on

Translations: more, greater, longer, a longer time, the majority, the greater part, a greater thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πλείων' (pleiōn), meaning 'more' or 'greater'. It is used to indicate a larger quantity, degree, or duration of something. It can function as an adjective modifying a neuter noun, or as an adverb meaning 'more' or 'longer'. When used with a definite article, it can mean 'the majority' or 'the greater part'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΕΙΖΩΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΝ

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: goon

Translations: then, therefore, accordingly, at least, at any rate

Notes: This word is an inferential particle used to draw a conclusion or consequence from what has just been said. It often introduces a statement that follows logically from the preceding one, indicating a result or a summary. It can also be used to emphasize a point, meaning 'at least' or 'at any rate'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be a strengthened form of the particle 'γε' (ge).

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G0976

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bib-LEE-ohn

Translations: of books, of scrolls, of writings, of documents

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'βιβλίον' (biblion), meaning 'book' or 'scroll'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of books' or 'belonging to books'. For example, one might speak 'of the contents of books' or 'the reading of scrolls'. It is a compound word, derived from 'βίβλος' (biblos), which refers to the inner bark of the papyrus plant, used for writing material.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΟΣ, ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΑ

G1727

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: tah-nahn-tee-OH-tah-tah

Translations: the most opposite, the most contrary, the most hostile

Notes: This word is a compound word formed by a crasis (contraction) of the definite article τά (the, neuter plural) and the superlative adjective ἐναντιώτατα. It means 'the most opposite' or 'the most contrary'. It is used to describe things that are extremely opposed or in direct contrast to each other. As a neuter plural, it often refers to 'the things that are most opposite' or 'the most contrary things'.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Superlative

Synonyms: ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ, ἈΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ, ἘΧΘΡΟΣ

G4021

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: peh-ree-ER-goss

Translations: busybody, meddlesome, curious, officious, superstitious, a busybody, a meddlesome person

Notes: This word describes someone who is overly busy or active, often in a negative sense, implying meddling in others' affairs or being a busybody. It can also refer to someone who is excessively curious or concerned with trivial matters, or even someone who practices magic or sorcery (superstitious arts). It is a compound word formed from 'περί' (around, concerning) and 'ἔργον' (work, deed).

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΠΡΑΓΜΩΝ, ΑΛΛΟΤΡΙΟΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the preposition περί (peri, 'around, concerning') and ἔργον (ergon, 'work, deed'). It literally means 'working around' or 'being busy about' something, often with the connotation of being overly or unnecessarily busy.

G1473

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G3123

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-sah

Translations: as many as, all that, whatever, how many, all things whatsoever, whatever things

Notes: This word is the neuter plural form of the relative pronoun/adjective ὅσος (hosos). It means 'as many as' or 'all that/which' and is used to introduce a relative clause, referring to an indefinite quantity or number of things. It can function as both a pronoun (e.g., 'whatever things') or an adjective (e.g., 'as many things as'). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: PANTA, HAPAS

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode, 'this') and the interrogative pronoun τίς (tis, 'who? what?').

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: hel-LAH-nee-kos

Translations: Hellanicus

Notes: Hellanicus was an ancient Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC. He was one of the first historians to write about the history of Greece in a systematic way, preceding Herodotus and Thucydides. His works covered a wide range of topics, including genealogies, local histories, and chronologies.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Hellanicus is derived from the Greek words 'Ἑλληνικός' (Hellenikos), meaning 'Hellenic' or 'Greek', and 'νίκη' (nike), meaning 'victory'. It literally means 'Greek victory' or 'victorious Greek'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-koo-see-LAH-oh

Translations: Acusilaus

Notes: Acusilaus was a Greek historian and mythographer from Argos, who lived in the late 6th and early 5th centuries BC. He is known for his work on genealogies and myths, often drawing from Hesiod. The word refers specifically to this historical figure.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Acusilaus is of Greek origin, derived from the elements 'ἀκούω' (akouō, meaning 'to hear') and 'λαός' (laos, meaning 'people' or 'army'). It can be interpreted as 'he who hears the people' or 'he who is heard by the people'.

G1298

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-peh-foh-NEE-ken

Translations: has disagreed, has differed, has been out of harmony, has been discordant

Notes: This word describes a state of disagreement, difference, or being out of harmony. It implies a lack of accord or a conflicting opinion or sound. It is used to indicate that something or someone has diverged from a common view or standard.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Perfect Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΦΕΡΩ, ΔΙΑΣΤΑΖΩ, ΔΙΑΣΤΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word διαφωνέω (diaphōneō) is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and φωνέω (phōneō), meaning 'to sound' or 'to speak'. Thus, it literally means 'to sound apart' or 'to speak differently'.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-koo-see-LAH-os

Translations: Acusilaus

Notes: This is a proper noun, specifically the name of a person. Acusilaus was an ancient Greek logographer and mythographer from Argos, known for his work on genealogies and myths. It is used to refer to this specific individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Acusilaus is of Greek origin, derived from 'ἀκούω' (akouō, meaning 'to hear') and 'λαός' (laos, meaning 'people'). It can be interpreted as 'he who hears the people' or 'he who is heard by the people'.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: EH-fo-ros

Translations: Ephorus

Notes: Ephorus was an ancient Greek historian from Cyme, Aeolis, who lived in the 4th century BC. He was a student of Isocrates and wrote a universal history in 30 books, covering the period from the return of the Heracleidae to the siege of Perinthus (340 BC). His work is now lost, but it was widely used by later historians.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Ephorus (Ἔφορος) is derived from the Greek words ἐπί (epi, meaning 'over' or 'upon') and ὁράω (horaō, meaning 'to see' or 'to watch'). It literally means 'overseer' or 'guardian'.

G1674

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hel-lah-nee-KON

Translations: Hellenic, Greek, a Greek thing

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'Hellenic' or 'Greek'. It refers to anything pertaining to the Greeks, their language, culture, or customs. In this form, it is the neuter singular nominative or accusative case, meaning it describes a singular, neuter noun or concept.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΣ (Hellenikos) is derived from Ἕλλην (Hellēn), meaning 'a Greek' or 'a Hellene'. It refers to the people and culture of Greece.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G4119

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PLAY-stoyce

Translations: to most, to very many, to the greatest, to the largest

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the superlative adjective 'πλεῖστος' (pleistos), meaning 'most' or 'very many'. It is used to indicate the greatest number or quantity of something, or the largest part of a group. As a dative form, it often implies 'to' or 'for' the most/many, or indicates the instrument or means by which something is done.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Superlative

Synonyms: ΜΕΓΙΣΤΟΙΣ, ΠΟΛΛΟΙΣ

G5574

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: psyoo-DOH-meh-non

Translations: lying, a liar, one who lies, deceiving, a deceiver, one who deceives

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'ψεύδω' (pseudō), meaning 'to lie' or 'to deceive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in the act of lying or being deceived. It can be translated as 'lying' or 'deceiving' when used adjectivally, or as 'one who lies' or 'one who deceives' when used substantively.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΩΝ, ΠΛΑΝΩΝ, ΔΟΛΙΟΣ

G2181

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: EH-fo-ron

Translations: overseer, a guardian, a superintendent, a ruler, a supervisor, a watcher, a protector

Notes: This word refers to someone who watches over, supervises, or has charge of something or someone. It can be used as a noun to denote a person holding such a position, or as an adjective describing something that oversees or protects. In ancient Greece, 'ephors' were magistrates in Sparta who shared power with the kings.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΣ, ΦΥΛΑΞ, ΑΡΧΩΝ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-non

Translations: that (one), him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It refers to something distant in space or time, or something previously mentioned or understood from the context. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, meaning 'that one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'that [noun]'. In this form, it is used for a masculine singular object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ὉΔΕ

Etymology: The word ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ (ekeinos) is derived from the adverb ἐκεῖ (ekei), meaning 'there'. It refers to something 'over there' or 'that one there', indicating distance.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-go-NO-tes

Translations: having become, having come into being, having happened, having been born, having been made

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' or 'to happen.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed in the past and has ongoing relevance. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, often indicating a state of having become or having happened.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G0491

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-o-khon

Translations: Antiochus

Notes: Antiochus is a common Greek proper name, frequently used for kings of the Seleucid Empire and other historical figures. In this form, it is the direct object of a verb or preposition, indicating the person 'Antiochus' is receiving the action.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'Ἀντίοχος' (Antíochos), meaning 'resisting' or 'steadfast'. It is a compound of 'ἀντί' (antí, 'against, in return for') and 'ἔχω' (ékhō, 'to have, to hold').

G4856

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-foh-NEH-in

Translations: to agree, to harmonize, to be in accord, to be in agreement, to sound together

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'φωνέω' (to sound, to speak). It means to be in agreement or harmony with someone or something, often implying a shared opinion, a consistent statement, or a harmonious sound. It can be used when people agree on a matter, or when different things are consistent with each other.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΣΥΝΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ, ΟΜΟΦΩΝΕΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'σύμφωνος' (sýmphōnos, 'harmonious, agreeing'), which is a compound of 'σύν' (sýn, 'with, together') and 'φωνή' (phōnḗ, 'sound, voice'). The verb 'συμφωνέω' means to be in harmony or agreement.

G0515

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-ksee-O-sen

Translations: he deemed worthy, she deemed worthy, it deemed worthy, he thought worthy, she thought worthy, it thought worthy, he asked, she asked, it asked, he requested, she requested, it requested, he claimed, she claimed, it claimed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to deem worthy,' 'to think worthy,' 'to ask,' 'to request,' or 'to claim.' It implies that someone considered something or someone to be deserving of a particular action or status, or that they made a request based on a sense of entitlement or appropriateness. It is used in sentences to describe an action performed by a third person in the past.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑἸΤΈΩ, ΔΈΟΜΑΙ, ἘΠΙΖΗΤΈΩ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἄξιος (axios), meaning 'worthy' or 'deserving.' The verb form means 'to consider worthy' or 'to deem worthy.'

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OOD

Translations: not, no, nor, neither, not even

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It is often used in combination with other negative words to strengthen the negation, such as in the phrase "οὐ μή" (ou mē), which conveys a strong, emphatic negation, often translated as "never" or "by no means." It can also function as a conjunction meaning "nor" or "neither," connecting two negative clauses or ideas.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou) and the particle δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'. It emphasizes the negation.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OW

Translations: he, she, it, him, her, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: This word is an elided form of the pronoun ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos), meaning 'he, she, it' or 'himself, herself, itself'. The coronis (̓) indicates that the final vowel of the original word has been dropped due to elision, usually before a word starting with a vowel. It functions as a personal pronoun (third person) or an intensive/demonstrative pronoun, depending on its position and context in a sentence. It can refer to a person or thing already mentioned, or emphasize the subject or object.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Accusative

G4887

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soong-geh-gra-FO-tes

Translations: having written together, having composed, having compiled, those who have written together, those who have composed, those who have compiled

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having written together' or 'having composed'. It describes someone who has completed the action of writing or compiling something, often in collaboration or as a comprehensive work. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun or pronoun, or adverbially, indicating the circumstances under which an action occurred.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Active

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΑΤΤΩ, ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ar-go-li-KON

Translations: of Argolis, Argolic, of the Argives

Notes: This word is an adjective referring to things or people from Argolis, an ancient region in the Peloponnese, Greece. It describes something as being 'Argolic' or 'of Argolis', indicating its origin or association with that region or its inhabitants, the Argives. It is used to modify nouns, indicating their connection to Argolis.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Etymology: The word "ἈΡΓΟΛΙΚΟΣ" is derived from "ἈΡΓΟΛΙΣ" (Argolis), the name of the region in ancient Greece, combined with the adjectival suffix -ικός (-ikos).

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G0692

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AR-gos

Translations: idle, lazy, useless, unprofitable, inactive, barren, a barren

Notes: This word describes something or someone as idle, lazy, or inactive. It can also refer to something that is useless, unprofitable, or barren. It is often used to describe a person who is not working or producing, or a thing that serves no purpose. It is a compound word, formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (not) and 'ἔργον' (work), literally meaning 'without work'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΡΓΕΩ, ἈΚΑΡΠΟΣ, ἈΠΡΑΚΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΡΓΟΣ is a compound of the negative prefix 'α-' (alpha privative, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'ἔργον' (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. Thus, it literally means 'without work' or 'inactive'.

G2478

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: his-to-ROO-n-tes

Translations: inquiring, investigating, learning, knowing, visiting, seeing, describing, narrating

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'inquiring,' 'investigating,' or 'learning by inquiry.' It describes an action of seeking knowledge or information, often through personal observation or research. It can also mean to visit someone or something to gain knowledge, or to describe or narrate what has been learned. It is used to indicate someone who is in the process of learning or investigating.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΕΠΙΣΚΕΠΤΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἱστορέω (historeō) comes from ἵστωρ (histōr), meaning 'one who knows,' 'witness,' or 'judge.' This noun is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, meaning 'to see' or 'to know.' The verb thus implies gaining knowledge through observation or inquiry.

G2628

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-koh-loo-THAY-kah-see

Translations: they have followed, they followed after, they accompanied

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'after', and the verb ἀκολουθέω (akoloutheō), meaning 'to follow'. It means to follow closely, to accompany, or to follow after someone or something. It describes an action that has been completed in the past but has ongoing relevance to the present.

Inflection: Perfect Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ, ΕΠΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΕΠΟΜΑΙ

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G1163

Part of Speech: Impersonal Verb

Sounds like: DEH-ee

Translations: it is necessary, one must, it is proper, it behooves

Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'one must'. It expresses a strong sense of obligation, necessity, or inevitability. It is often used with an infinitive to indicate what must be done or what is destined to happen.

Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (to shine, to gleam), which developed into the sense of 'to be visible, to appear', and then 'to be proper, to be necessary'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G1024

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bra-khoo-TEH-rohn

Translations: of shorter, of shorter things, of shorter ones, of shorter periods, of shorter duration

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the comparative adjective 'βραχύτερος' (brachyteros), meaning 'shorter' or 'lesser'. It is used to describe things that are shorter in length, time, or degree compared to something else. In a sentence, it would function as a possessive or descriptive term for multiple items that are shorter.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders, Comparative

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΣΣΟΝΩΝ, ΜΙΚΡΟΤΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'βραχύς' (brachys) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'short' or 'small'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TEH

Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves

Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.

G4238

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: prakh-THEN-tohn

Translations: of things done, of things accomplished, of deeds, of actions

Notes: This word is a genitive plural, aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'πράσσω' (prassō), meaning 'to do' or 'to accomplish'. It refers to things that have been done or accomplished. It often functions as a noun, meaning 'of the things that were done' or 'of the deeds'. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'a report of the things done'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter, Aorist, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΠΟΙΗΘΕΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: The verb πράσσω (prassō) comes from an older Greek form meaning 'to pass over, to travel, to do'. It is related to the concept of movement leading to action or accomplishment.

G1384

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: doh-kee-MOH-tah-toy

Translations: most approved, most esteemed, most excellent, most tried, most trustworthy

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'dokimos', meaning 'approved' or 'esteemed'. As a superlative, it indicates the highest degree of approval, trustworthiness, or excellence. It is used to describe individuals or things that are considered the most tried, proven, or highly regarded in a particular context.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΟΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ, ΕΥΔΟΚΙΜΟΣ

G1298

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-peh-foh-NEE-kah-see

Translations: they have disagreed, they have been at variance, they have been out of harmony, they have been discordant

Notes: This word describes a state where multiple parties or elements are not in agreement or harmony. It implies a strong difference of opinion or a lack of accord, often resulting in discord or conflict. It is used to indicate that people or things have come to a point of disagreement or are out of sync with each other.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Perfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΣΤΑΖΩ, ΔΙΑΣΤΑΤΕΩ

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: thoo-koo-DEE-dees

Translations: Thucydides

Notes: Thucydides was an ancient Athenian historian and general. His 'History of the Peloponnesian War' recounts the 5th-century BC war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BC. He is often regarded as the father of 'scientific history' because of his strict standards of evidence-gathering and analysis of cause and effect.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Thucydides is of Greek origin, meaning 'famous in battle' or 'renowned for strength'. It is derived from the elements 'thoukos' (courage, spirit) and 'dides' (from 'didomi', to give, or related to 'dios', divine).

G5574

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: psyoo-DOH-meh-nos

Translations: lying, deceiving, a liar, one who lies

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to lie' or 'to deceive'. It describes someone who is actively engaged in the act of lying or deceiving, or refers to a person who is a liar. It can function like an adjective modifying a noun, or as a noun itself, meaning 'the one who lies'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΩΝ, ΠΛΑΝΩΝ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to 'ψεύδος' (pseudos), meaning 'falsehood' or 'lie'.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G2543

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: KAI-toy

Translations: and yet, although, though, nevertheless, yet, even though

Notes: ΚΑΙΤΟΙ is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or qualifies what has just been said. It often implies a sense of 'and yet' or 'nevertheless,' indicating a concession or a surprising fact. It can be used to introduce a counter-argument or to emphasize a point despite previous information.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΠΕΡ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ

Etymology: ΚΑΙΤΟΙ is a compound word formed from the conjunction ΚΑΙ (kai, 'and, also, even') and the particle ΤΟΙ (toi, 'indeed, surely'). It emphasizes the 'and yet' or 'nevertheless' aspect.

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: doh-KOHN

Translations: seeming, thinking, supposing, appearing, considering, imagining

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'δοκέω' (dokeō), meaning 'to seem', 'to think', 'to suppose', or 'to appear'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state related to the main verb of a sentence. It can convey the idea of 'he who thinks', 'they who seem', or 'while supposing'. It often indicates a subjective perception or opinion.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩΝ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From the root 'δοκ-' (dok-), related to 'δέχομαι' (dechomai, to receive), suggesting an original sense of 'what is received' or 'what is accepted as true'.

G0196

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-kree-bes-TAH-teen

Translations: most accurate, most exact, most precise, most strict, most careful, a most accurate, a most exact, a most precise, a most strict, a most careful

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'akribēs', meaning 'accurate' or 'exact'. As a superlative, it means 'most accurate' or 'most exact'. It describes something that is done with the highest degree of precision, care, or strictness. It can be used to describe a detailed account, a careful examination, or a strict adherence to rules.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Superlative

Synonyms: ΑΚΡΙΒΗΣ, ΕΞΑΚΡΙΒΩΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΗΣ

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G2477

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: his-toh-REE-an

Translations: history, a history, account, a narrative, story, a story, inquiry, a report

Notes: This word refers to a narrative, an account, or a story, particularly one based on inquiry or research. It can denote a historical record or a detailed report of events. It is used in sentences to refer to the subject matter of a written or oral account.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΗΓΗΣΙΣ, ΑΦΗΓΗΣΙΣ, ΛΟΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ' comes from the verb 'ἱστορέω' (historeō), meaning 'to inquire, to learn by inquiry, to examine'. This verb is related to 'ἵστωρ' (histōr), meaning 'one who knows, an expert, a judge'. The ultimate origin is from Proto-Indo-European, referring to knowledge or wisdom.

G4933

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soong-grah-FEIN

Translations: to write, to compose, to compile, to record

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb γράφω (grapho, meaning 'to write'). It means to write together, to compile, or to compose a written work. It is often used in the context of writing histories, books, or official documents.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΣΥΝΤΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΓΡΑΦΩ (grapho), meaning 'to write'. The combination implies writing something in a compiled or comprehensive manner.

G1096

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nays

Translations: (of) having become, (of) having happened, (of) being, (of) coming into existence, (of) being born, (of) being made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring, often functioning like a verbal adjective or an adverbial clause. In this form, it indicates a feminine singular genitive relationship, often translated as 'of having become' or 'when it became' in a genitive absolute construction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Aorist Middle Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G0052

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-pal-la-GAYS

Translations: deliverance, release, freedom, a deliverance, a release, a freedom

Notes: This word refers to a deliverance, release, or freedom from something, often from a difficult or undesirable situation. It describes the act of being set free or obtaining relief. It is typically used in contexts where someone is freed from a burden, suffering, or obligation.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ἘΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ, ΛΥΣΙΣ, ἈΦΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἀπαλλαγή (apallagē) comes from the verb ἀπαλλάσσω (apallassō), meaning 'to set free, release, deliver'. It is formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from, away from', and ἀλλάσσω (allassō), meaning 'to change, alter'. Thus, it conveys the idea of a change away from a state of confinement or difficulty.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2537

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-kai-no-poi-EE-sen

Translations: made new, renewed, innovated

Notes: This word means to make something new, to renew, or to innovate. It describes the act of bringing something into a new state or condition, often implying a significant change or improvement. It can be used to describe someone who introduces new practices or ideas.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΑΙΝΙΖΩ, ΑΝΑΝΕΟΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙΝΟΠΟΙΕΩ is a compound word formed from ΚΑΙΝΟΣ (kainos), meaning 'new', and ΠΟΙΕΩ (poieo), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G1902

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-noh-AY-sas

Translations: having devised, having thought out, having invented, having conceived, having planned

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epinoeō', meaning 'to devise', 'to think out', 'to invent', or 'to conceive'. It describes an action that has been completed, indicating that someone has already thought of or planned something. It is used to show the agent who performed the action of devising or inventing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΜΗΧΑΝΑΟΜΑΙ, ΤΕΚΜΑΙΡΟΜΑΙ

G2296

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: thav-MAH-zayn

Translations: to wonder, to marvel, to be amazed, to admire

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'θαυμάζω'. It means to be filled with wonder, amazement, or admiration. It can be used to express surprise, awe, or a deep sense of respect for something or someone. For example, one might 'wonder at' a great deed or 'marvel at' a beautiful sight.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'θαυμάζω' (thaumazō) comes from 'θαῦμα' (thauma), meaning 'a wonder, a marvel, a sight'. Its origin is likely related to the root 'thea-' meaning 'to see' or 'to gaze at', implying something that causes one to gaze in wonder.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G2251

Part of Speech: Possessive Pronoun

Sounds like: hay-meh-TEH-rohn

Translations: (of) our, (of) ours

Notes: This word is a possessive pronoun meaning 'our' or 'ours'. It indicates possession by a group including the speaker. As a genitive plural, it typically modifies a noun, indicating that the noun belongs to 'us'. For example, 'our house' or 'the house of ours'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΗΜΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'ἡμέτερος' (hēmeteros) comes from 'ἡμεῖς' (hēmeis), meaning 'we'. It is a possessive adjective derived from the first person plural pronoun.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G1085

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GEH-nos

Translations: race, kind, family, nation, offspring, stock, a race, a kind

Notes: This word refers to a group of people or things sharing a common origin, characteristic, or lineage. It can denote a family, a nation, a race, a species, or a type. It is often used to describe a lineage or descent, such as 'the race of Israel' or 'the family of David'. It can also refer to a general category or kind of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁- meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generation' in English.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G3588, G1727

Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: too-NAN-tee-on

Translations: on the contrary, the opposite, a contrary thing

Notes: This word is a crasis (a contraction of two words into one) of the definite article 'ΤΟ' (the) and the adjective 'ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ' (opposite, contrary). It functions as an adverbial phrase meaning 'on the contrary' or 'on the other hand', or as a noun meaning 'the opposite' or 'a contrary thing'. It is used to introduce a contrasting idea or to refer to the opposing side of something.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (from the crasis of the definite article ΤΟ and the adjective ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ)

Synonyms: ἈΛΛΑ, ἈΝΤΙ

G1096

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: geh-geh-NEE-meh-noss

Translations: having become, having been born, having come into being, having been made, having happened

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing a noun, or can be used verbally to indicate an action that has been completed and has ongoing results. It describes something that has already occurred or come into existence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΩΣ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey similar ideas of origin or becoming.

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: PRO-tos

Translations: first, a first, chief, principal, foremost, the first

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, rank, or importance. It can be used as an adjective to describe a noun, or it can be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'the first one' or 'the chief person/thing'. It indicates precedence or priority.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: From a superlative form of the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- (forward, before). It is related to the English word 'prior'.

G0227

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-lay-THAY

Translations: true, real, genuine, (the) true things, (the) real things

Notes: This word describes something as true, real, or genuine, as opposed to false, counterfeit, or imaginary. It can be used to describe people, statements, or concepts. For example, it can refer to a 'true man' or 'true justice'. It is an adjective that modifies nouns.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative; or Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἈΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ, ΓΝΗΣΙΟΣ, ΕΤΥΜΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, 'un-') and λήθω (lēthō, 'to escape notice, be hidden'), meaning 'unhidden' or 'not concealed'.

G1844

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-OH-moh-sah-toh

Translations: he swore, he denied with an oath, he disavowed with an oath

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to swear off, to deny with an oath, or to disavow by oath'. It implies a strong, definitive denial or renunciation made under oath. It is often used in contexts where someone is denying an accusation or disclaiming knowledge of something, emphasizing the truthfulness of their denial through an oath.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΡΝΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΜΝΥΜΙ

G2680

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-psef-DOH-meh-nos

Translations: falsely accusing, slandering, lying against, bearing false witness against

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb 'ψεύδομαι' (pseudomai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to deceive'. Therefore, 'καταψεύδομαι' means 'to lie against' or 'to accuse falsely'. The form 'καταψευδόμενος' is a present middle/passive participle, indicating an ongoing action of falsely accusing or slandering someone.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΨΕΥΔΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΣΥΚΟΦΑΝΤΕΩ

G3670

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ho-mo-lo-GEH-ee

Translations: confesses, acknowledges, declares, professes, agrees

Notes: This word means to confess, acknowledge, declare, or profess. It implies an agreement or a public statement of belief or fact. It is often used in a religious context to confess sins or to profess faith, but can also mean to agree with someone or something.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ is a compound word derived from the Greek words ὁμός (homos), meaning 'same' or 'one and the same', and λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. Thus, it literally means 'to say the same thing' or 'to agree'.

G3427

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mokh-thee-REE-an

Translations: evil, wickedness, trouble, distress, misery, hardship, a hardship

Notes: This word refers to evil, wickedness, or depravity. It can also denote the state of trouble, distress, or hardship, often implying the result of evil actions or circumstances. It describes a condition of moral badness or physical suffering.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΙΑ, ΠΟΝΗΡΙΑ, ΦΑΥΛΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΟΧΘΗΡΙΑ (mochtheria) comes from the adjective μοχθηρός (mochtheros), meaning 'toilsome, laborious, wretched, bad', which in turn is derived from μόχθος (mochthos), meaning 'toil, labor, distress'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G5337

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: fah-oo-LOH-tah-toos

Translations: most worthless, most base, most vile, most evil, most bad

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'phaulos', meaning 'worthless' or 'base'. It describes something or someone as being of the absolute lowest quality, most contemptible, or most morally corrupt. It is used to emphasize extreme negativity or inferiority.

Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural, Superlative

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΤΑΤΟΥΣ, ΚΑΚΙΣΤΟΥΣ, ΑΣΕΒΕΣΤΑΤΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word 'phaulos' (from which 'phaulotatous' is derived) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'phaulon' meaning 'light' or 'trifling'. It evolved to describe something as insignificant, then poor, and eventually morally bad or worthless.

G3543

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-NO-mid-zen

Translations: he was thinking, he was supposing, he was considering, he was believing, he was accustomed

Notes: This word describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'he was thinking' or 'he was supposing'. It can also imply a custom or belief, indicating 'he was accustomed' or 'he was believing'. It is used to describe someone's continuous mental state or habitual action in a past context.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΟἸΟΜΑΙ, ἩΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G4585

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: sem-NYN-on-tai

Translations: they are made honorable, they are made venerable, they are made august, they are made reverent, they are made serious, they are made grave, they are made dignified, they are made respectable, they boast, they pride themselves

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to make oneself honorable, venerable, or dignified. It can also mean to boast or pride oneself, often in a negative sense of showing off or being arrogant. It describes an action where individuals elevate themselves or are elevated in status or perceived importance.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΥΧΑΟΜΑΙ, ΜΕΓΑΛΑΥΧΕΟΜΑΙ

G5537

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: khray-mah-TEE-zon-tes

Translations: being warned, being instructed, being divinely admonished, doing business, trading, being called, being named

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'being warned' or 'being divinely instructed'. It can also refer to engaging in business or financial transactions, or to being called or named. The specific meaning often depends on the context, particularly whether it refers to divine communication or earthly affairs.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΦΗΤΕΥΟΝΤΕΣ, ΔΙΔΑΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΝΤΕΣ

G0483

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: an-tee-poy-oo-MEH-noos

Translations: claiming, asserting, laying claim to, striving for, contending for, aspiring to

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'antipoieō', meaning to claim, assert, or strive for something. It describes someone who is actively laying claim to or contending for a right, possession, or position. It implies a sense of opposition or counter-action in the act of claiming.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Middle Voice, Present Participle

Synonyms: ΑΞΙΟΥΝΤΑΣ, ΔΙΕΚΔΙΚΟΥΝΤΑΣ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΟΥΝΤΑΣ

Etymology: The word ἀντιποιέω (antipoieō) is a compound word formed from ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'in return for', and ποιέω (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. Thus, it literally means 'to make against' or 'to do in return', evolving to mean 'to lay claim to' or 'to contend for'.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: THA-teh-ron

Translations: the other, the other one, the one

Notes: This word is a contraction of the definite article 'τό' (the) and the adjective/pronoun 'ἕτερον' (other, another). It refers to one of two distinct things or persons, meaning 'the other' or 'the one (of two)'. It is used to distinguish between two items, often in a context where a choice or comparison is being made between them.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἕτερος (heteros) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'different'. It is related to the English word 'other'.

G4339

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-poy-OON-tay

Translations: they pretend, they feign, they make a pretense, they claim, they assume

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to pretend,' 'to feign,' or 'to make a pretense.' It can also mean 'to claim' or 'to assume' something, often with the implication of doing so falsely or for show. It is used when someone is acting in a way that is not genuine, or when they are asserting a connection or characteristic that may not be true.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΠΛΑΣΣΟΜΑΙ, ΨΕΥΔΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards,' and the verb ποιέω (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do.' In the middle voice, it takes on the meaning of 'making something for oneself' or 'making something appear to be so for oneself,' leading to the sense of pretending or feigning.

G2844

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: koy-noh-NOOS

Translations: partners, sharers, companions, partakers

Notes: This word refers to individuals who share something in common, participate together in an activity, or are companions. It denotes a close association or fellowship, often implying a joint interest or responsibility. It is used to describe those who are united in purpose or experience.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΥΣ, ΜΕΤΟΧΟΥΣ, ΣΥΜΜΕΤΟΧΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΟΙΝΩΝΟΣ derives from the Greek word κοινός (koinos), meaning 'common' or 'shared'. It describes someone who has something in common with others or participates in a shared activity.

G1961

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-is-POHN-tai

Translations: they draw upon, they bring upon themselves, they attract, they contract

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, to) and 'σπάω' (to draw). It means to draw upon oneself, to bring upon oneself, or to attract. It is often used in the middle voice to describe an action that the subject performs upon themselves or for their own benefit/detriment, such as drawing a disease or a consequence upon oneself. In the provided context, it refers to people bringing weakness upon their flesh due to excessive eating.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle Voice, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΛΚΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΩ

G2556

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-koh-dox-EE-ahs

Translations: of bad reputation, of ill repute, of evil opinion, of a bad opinion, of a bad doctrine, of a false doctrine, of heresy

Notes: This is a compound noun formed from 'κακός' (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil', and 'δόξα' (doxa), meaning 'opinion', 'reputation', or 'glory'. It refers to having a bad reputation, holding an evil or false opinion, or adhering to a bad doctrine or heresy. It describes a state of being ill-reputed or having incorrect beliefs.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΣΕΩΣ, ΔΥΣΦΗΜΙΑΣ

G1081

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: gen-NAI-os

Translations: noble, high-born, brave, courageous, generous, a noble, a high-born, a brave, a courageous, a generous

Notes: This word describes someone or something as noble, high-born, or of good stock. It can also refer to someone who is brave, courageous, or generous in spirit. It is used to commend a person's character or lineage, often implying a sense of inherent quality or virtue.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΥΓΕΝΗΣ, ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΑΝΔΡΕΙΟΣ

Etymology: From γένος (genos), meaning 'race, stock, family, birth'. The word relates to being 'of good birth' or 'well-born', which then extended to qualities associated with nobility such as bravery and generosity.

G5618

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G3930

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-as-KHEIN

Translations: to provide, to grant, to give, to supply, to afford, to present

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb παρέχω (parechō), meaning 'to provide' or 'to grant'. It is used to express the action of giving or supplying something, often in a context where a benefit or resource is being made available. It can be used with a dative object indicating to whom something is provided, and an accusative object indicating what is provided.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΟΡΗΓΕΩ

Etymology: The word παρέχω (parechō) is a compound word formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Thus, its original sense is 'to hold out' or 'to offer'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G4174

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: po-li-TEI-as

Translations: of citizenship, of commonwealth, of state, of government, of way of life, of a way of life

Notes: This word refers to the rights and duties of a citizen, the administration of a state, or the form of government. It can also describe a person's conduct or way of life within a community. It is often used in contexts discussing political systems or the collective body of citizens.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΣ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑ, ΒΙΟΣ

Etymology: From ancient Greek, derived from the word 'πολίτης' (politēs), meaning 'citizen', which itself comes from 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city' or 'state'.

G1987

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ep-is-TAH-men-os

Translations: knowing, understanding, being acquainted with, being skilled in, being experienced in

Notes: This word is a present participle derived from the verb 'epistamai', meaning 'to know' or 'to understand'. It describes someone who possesses knowledge, skill, or understanding in a particular area. It can be used to describe a person who is knowledgeable, skilled, or experienced.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩΝ, ΕΙΔΩΣ, ΣΥΝΙΩΝ

G4927

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-oy-KOON-tas

Translations: dwelling together, living together, cohabiting, those who dwell together, those who live together

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'συνοικέω', meaning 'to dwell together' or 'to live together'. It describes individuals who share a common dwelling or life. It can refer to people living in the same house, city, or even those united in a marriage or partnership.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΒΙΟΥΝΤΑΣ, ΣΥΝΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G4388

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-te-THEY-tai

Translations: is set forth, is displayed, is purposed, is proposed, is presented

Notes: This verb means to set before, to display, to propose, or to purpose. It is often used in the sense of publicly displaying something or setting something forth for a specific aim or intention. It is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to place' or 'to put'.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle/Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΑΡΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-noys

Translations: to those, for those, with those, by those, those

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'those' or 'that one' (when singular). In this inflected form, it is plural and in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action or a relationship of benefit or detriment. It can be translated as 'to those,' 'for those,' or 'with those,' depending on the context. It can refer to people or things previously mentioned or understood from the context.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓͂ΤΟΙ, ΑΥ̓ΤΟΙ

G3058, G3059

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: loy-dor-EIS-thai

Translations: to revile, to insult, to abuse, to rail at, to be reviled, to be insulted, to be abused

Notes: This word means to revile, insult, or abuse someone verbally. It can also mean to be reviled or insulted, especially when used in the middle or passive voice, indicating that the subject is receiving the action or acting upon themselves. It describes harsh, abusive language directed at another person.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΕΩ, ΥΒΡΙΖΩ, ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΛΟΙΔΟΡΕΩ comes from the noun λοιδορία (loidoria), meaning 'reproach, abuse, railing,' which itself is derived from λοίδορος (loidoros), meaning 'abusive, reviling.'

G4843

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-peh-ree-lam-BAH-neen

Translations: to include, to comprise, to embrace, to contain

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'συμπεριλαμβάνω'. It means 'to include', 'to comprise', or 'to embrace'. It is used to express the action of bringing something into a larger group or category, or of containing something within a whole. For example, one might use it to say 'to include all the members' or 'to comprise all the necessary elements'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΝΕΧΩ, ΠΕΡΙΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΠΕΡΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ is a compound verb formed from three parts: σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together'), περί (peri, meaning 'around' or 'about'), and λαμβάνω (lambano, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). Thus, it literally means 'to take together around', conveying the sense of encompassing or including.

G0537