2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G5274

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-po-lam-BAH-no

Translations: to take up, to receive, to suppose, to assume, to answer, to interrupt

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (under, below) and the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (to take, to receive). Its meaning varies depending on context, ranging from physically taking something up or receiving it, to mentally supposing or assuming something. It can also mean to answer someone or to interrupt a conversation.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΑΙ

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G0746

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khai-ol-o-GHEE-an

Translations: archaeology, ancient history, antiquity, an archaeology, an ancient history, an antiquity

Notes: This word refers to the study of ancient things, or the knowledge of ancient history and antiquities. It is used to describe the field of archaeology or historical accounts of the past. In the provided context, it is in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΡΧΑΙΟΤΗΣ, ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: ἀρχαῖος (arkhaios), meaning 'ancient' or 'from the beginning', and -λογία (-logia), meaning 'study' or 'discourse'. It literally means 'the study of ancient things'.

G1793

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: en-TEF-xoh-meh-noys

Translations: those who will meet, those who will entreat, those who will encounter, those who will appeal to

Notes: This word is a future middle participle, meaning 'those who will meet' or 'those who will entreat/appeal to'. It describes individuals who are in the process of or are about to engage in a meeting, encounter, or an act of intercession/petition. It is often used to refer to readers or those who will come into contact with something.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Future, Middle, Participle

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TEH

Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves

Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-poy-AY-keh-nye

Translations: to have made, to have done, to have produced, to have created

Notes: This word is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a perfect infinitive, it describes an action that has been completed in the past, with the results continuing into the present. It is often used to express the idea of having accomplished something or having brought something into existence. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He desired to have made a great work' or 'They claimed to have done good deeds'.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G5319

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: fah-neh-RON

Translations: manifest, evident, clear, visible, apparent, known, a manifest thing, an evident thing

Notes: This word describes something that is visible, apparent, or clear. It is used to indicate that something is easily seen, understood, or made known. It can refer to something that is openly displayed or something that becomes obvious.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΣ, ΕΜΦΑΝΗΣ, ΓΝΩΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: From φανερόω (phaneroō, 'to make visible, reveal'), from φανός (phanos, 'light, torch'), from φαίνω (phainō, 'to bring to light, make appear').

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3820

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pa-lai-O-ta-ton

Translations: oldest, most ancient, the oldest, the most ancient

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'παλαιός' (palaios), meaning 'old' or 'ancient'. As a superlative, it means 'oldest' or 'most ancient'. It describes something that is of the greatest age or has existed for the longest time. It can be used to describe things, concepts, or even people in terms of their age or antiquity.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Superlative Degree

Etymology: From 'πάλαι' (palai), meaning 'long ago' or 'formerly'. It refers to something that has existed for a long time.

G5287

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-pos-TA-sin

Translations: substance, a substance, assurance, an assurance, confidence, a confidence, reality, a reality, person, a person, existence, an existence, foundation, a foundation, support, a support

Notes: This word refers to that which stands under or supports something, hence a foundation or basis. It can also denote the essential nature or reality of something, its substance. In a more abstract sense, it can mean assurance or confidence, particularly in the New Testament, referring to the firm conviction or guarantee of something hoped for. It can also refer to an individual 'person' or 'existence'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΥΣΙΑ, ΒΑΣΙΣ, ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under', and the noun ΣΤΑΣΙΣ (stasis), meaning 'a standing' or 'a stand'. Thus, it literally means 'a standing under' or 'that which stands under'.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-khen

Translations: he had, she had, it had, he held, she held, it held, he possessed, she possessed, it possessed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It can be used to indicate possession, a state of being, or to describe someone holding or keeping something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἔχω (echō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with a wide range of meanings and uses.

G2730

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-TOH-kay-seh

Translations: he dwelt, he lived, he inhabited, he settled

Notes: This word describes the act of dwelling, living, or settling in a place. It implies a more permanent residence than simply staying somewhere temporarily. It is used to indicate that someone has taken up residence in a particular location.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΩ, ΕΝΟΙΚΕΩ, ΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΟΙΚΕΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'in', and the verb ΟΙΚΕΩ (oikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. Thus, it literally means 'to dwell down' or 'to settle in'.

G2477

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: his-toh-REE-an

Translations: history, a history, account, a narrative, story, a story, inquiry, a report

Notes: This word refers to a narrative, an account, or a story, particularly one based on inquiry or research. It can denote a historical record or a detailed report of events. It is used in sentences to refer to the subject matter of a written or oral account.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΗΓΗΣΙΣ, ΑΦΗΓΗΣΙΣ, ΛΟΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ' comes from the verb 'ἱστορέω' (historeō), meaning 'to inquire, to learn by inquiry, to examine'. This verb is related to 'ἵστωρ' (histōr), meaning 'one who knows, an expert, a judge'. The ultimate origin is from Proto-Indo-European, referring to knowledge or wisdom.

G4025

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peh-ree-EH-khoo-san

Translations: containing, surrounding, encompassing, holding, embracing, a containing, a surrounding, an encompassing, a holding, an embracing

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'περιέχω' (periechō), meaning 'to contain,' 'to surround,' or 'to encompass.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or an adverb, describing an action or state. In this form, it describes something that is actively containing, surrounding, or holding something else. It is often used to describe a situation or condition that encloses or involves a subject.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-RON

Translations: (of) holy, (of) sacred, (of) consecrated, (of) a holy thing, (of) sacred things, (of) holy places

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'holy' or 'sacred'. It describes something belonging to or associated with the divine, a temple, or religious rites. It can also function as a noun in the genitive plural, referring to 'holy things' or 'sacred places'. It is often used to describe objects, places, or actions that are set apart for religious purposes.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΩΝ, ΟΣΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἱερός (hieros) comes from an ancient root meaning 'sacred' or 'holy', often associated with that which is set apart for a deity or religious use. It is related to the concept of sacrifice and divine power.

G0976

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BEE-blohn

Translations: (of) books, (of) scrolls

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'βίβλος' (biblos), which means 'book' or 'scroll'. It refers to multiple written documents or volumes. In a sentence, it would typically indicate possession or origin, such as 'of the books' or 'belonging to the scrolls'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΓΡΑΦΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'βίβλος' (biblos) is derived from 'βύβλος' (byblos), which referred to the Egyptian papyrus plant, from which writing material was made. Over time, it came to mean the writing material itself, and then a scroll or book made from it.

G1674

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hel-lay-nee-KEES

Translations: of Greek, of a Greek, Hellenic

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'Greek' or 'Hellenic'. It describes something as belonging to or originating from Greece or the Greek people. In the provided context, it is used to modify a feminine noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, such as 'of a Greek sword' or 'of Greek origin'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The word ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΣ (Hellenikos) is derived from ΕΛΛΗΝ (Hellen), meaning 'Greek' or 'a Greek person'. It refers to the people and culture of Greece.

G4933

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-GRAHP-sah-mehn

Translations: I wrote together, I compiled, I composed, I drew up

Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist middle indicative form of the verb συγγράφω (syngraphō), which means 'to write together, to compile, to compose, or to draw up'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It describes the action of writing or compiling something, often a document, book, or record, in a collaborative or comprehensive manner.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Middle, Indicative

Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G5093

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: tee-mee-OH-tah-teh

Translations: most honorable, most esteemed, most precious, most valuable

Notes: This word is the vocative singular form of the superlative adjective 'timios', meaning 'most honorable' or 'most esteemed'. It is used to address someone with the highest degree of respect, similar to saying 'most honorable sir' or 'most esteemed friend'. It emphasizes the great value or high regard held for the person or thing being addressed.

Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine, Superlative

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΞΟΤΑΤΕ, ΣΕΒΑΣΜΙΩΤΑΤΕ

Etymology: The word ΤΙΜΙΟΣ (timios) comes from the Greek word ΤΙΜΗ (timē), meaning 'honor', 'price', or 'value'. The superlative suffix -ώτατος (-ōtatos) is added to form 'most honorable' or 'most valuable'.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G1925

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-DEIK-sah

Translations: showed, demonstrated, exhibited, displayed, pointed out

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to show, demonstrate, or exhibit something. It implies making something visible or clear to others, often with an intention to prove or display. It can be used in contexts where someone presents evidence, performs an action to illustrate a point, or simply makes something apparent.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative Active, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΕΝΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ is a compound of the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ (deiknymi), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out'.

G5466

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: khal-DAI-ohn

Translations: of the Chaldeans

Notes: This word refers to the Chaldeans, an ancient people who inhabited Chaldea, a region in southern Mesopotamia. They were known for their wisdom, particularly in astrology and divination. In a sentence, it would be used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'the king of the Chaldeans' or 'the land of the Chaldeans'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The word ΧΑΛΔΑΙΟΣ (Chaldaios) is derived from the Hebrew word Kasdim (כַּשְׂדִּים), which refers to the inhabitants of Chaldea. It entered Greek through various ancient contacts.

G1121

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GRAHM-mah-see

Translations: (to) letters, (by) writings, (with) documents, (in) literature

Notes: This word refers to a letter of the alphabet, a written character, or more broadly, a piece of writing, a document, or even literature. In its dative plural form, as seen in ΓΡΑΜΜΑΣΙ, it often indicates the means or instrument by which something is done, such as 'by means of letters' or 'with writings'. It can also denote location or association, like 'in letters' or 'among writings'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΑΙ, ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΓΡΑΜΜΑ comes from the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It originally referred to a mark or line, then developed to mean a written character or letter, and subsequently, a piece of writing.

G4102

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pis-TOH-sah-MEH-nos

Translations: having been made faithful, having been assured, having been confirmed, having been made trustworthy, having been given assurance

Notes: This word is a perfect middle/passive participle, meaning 'having been made faithful' or 'having been assured'. It describes a state of having been made trustworthy or confirmed. It can be used to describe someone who has been given assurance or has become reliable.

Inflection: Perfect, Middle or Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΒΕΒΑΙΩΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΓΓΥΗΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G3930

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: par-as-KHO-me-nos

Translations: having provided, having supplied, having offered, having presented, having afforded

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παρέχω' (parechō), meaning 'to provide' or 'to offer'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, indicating an action that has already occurred. It describes someone or something that has performed the act of providing, supplying, or presenting something. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the one having provided the food' or 'he, having offered his help'.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΟΥΣ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩΝ

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-poy-AY-sah-mehn

Translations: I made, I did, I performed, I produced, I created, I accomplished, I made for myself, I did for myself

Notes: This word is a verb meaning "to make" or "to do." In the middle voice, as it is here, it often implies that the action is done by the subject for their own benefit or with a particular interest in the outcome. It can be used in various contexts to describe the act of bringing something into existence, carrying out an action, or performing a task.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ποιέω comes from an ancient root meaning 'to make' or 'to do'.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nas

Translations: who, what, some, any, some people, any people, some things, any things

Notes: ΤΙΝΑΣ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. It serves as both an interrogative (asking 'who?' or 'what?') and an indefinite (meaning 'someone,' 'something,' 'some,' or 'any'). In this form, it is the masculine or feminine, plural, accusative case. It can be used to ask about the identity of multiple people or things, or to refer to an unspecified group of people or things.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-teh-ROOS

Translations: others, other ones

Notes: This word means 'other' or 'another' of a different kind, implying a distinction or difference from something previously mentioned or understood. It is used to refer to individuals or things that are distinct from a primary group or item. For example, 'he spoke to others' would imply he spoke to people who were different from a specific group.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the English word 'other'.

G1893

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: o-ROH

Translations: I see, I look, I perceive, I behold, I experience

Notes: This word means to see, look at, perceive, or behold. It can refer to physical sight, but also to mental perception, understanding, or experiencing something. It is used to describe the act of observing or taking notice of something or someone.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΩ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary verb, probably of Hebrew origin. It is related to the concept of seeing or perceiving.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: ee-ray-MEH-naice

Translations: to the spoken, for the spoken, to the said, for the said, to the mentioned, for the mentioned

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been spoken' or 'having been said'. It functions adjectivally, describing something that has already been stated or mentioned. In this form, it is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object or the means/instrument, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΑΙΣ, ΦΡΑΖΟΜΕΝΑΙΣ

G4337

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-EKH-on-tas

Translations: paying attention, giving heed, attending, applying oneself, being attentive, giving thought

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to pay attention' or 'to give heed'. It describes someone who is actively focusing on something, applying their mind to it, or being careful about it. It can be used to describe a person who is attentive to advice, warnings, or instructions, or who is applying themselves diligently to a task.

Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΟΝΤΑ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: geh-GRAH-meh-noys

Translations: (to) written, (to) those who have been written, (to) things written

Notes: This word is the dative plural perfect passive participle of the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It refers to something that has been written or to those who have been written about. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, often referring to 'the things written' or 'those who have been written'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗ

G0570

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-pis-TOON-tas

Translations: disbelieving, unbelieving, distrusting, not believing, those who disbelieve, those who are disbelieving

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'disbelieving' or 'unbelieving'. It describes someone who is currently in a state of not believing or distrusting. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, referring to 'those who disbelieve'.

Inflection: Participle, Present Active, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΠΕΙΘΟΥΝΤΑΣ, ἈΠΕΙΘΕΙΣ

G5039

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tek-MEH-ree-on

Translations: proof, evidence, sign, a proof, an evidence

Notes: This word refers to a sure sign or a conclusive proof, something that provides undeniable evidence. It is used to denote a definitive indication or demonstration of a fact or truth. For example, one might present 'tekmerion' to support an argument or to show that something is true.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΗΜΕΙΟΝ, ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ, ΠΙΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb τεκμαίρομαι (tekmairomai), meaning 'to fix a limit, determine, judge,' which is related to τέκμαρ (tekmar), meaning 'a fixed mark, goal, or sign.' The word thus conveys the idea of something that serves as a definitive marker or indicator.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-oo-MEH-noos

Translations: making, doing, performing, producing, causing, creating

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'poieō', meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities, describing someone or something that is in the act of making, doing, or performing. It is often used to describe an ongoing action or state.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΟΝΤΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΤΕΛΟΥΝΤΑΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1085

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GEH-nos

Translations: race, kind, family, nation, offspring, stock, a race, a kind

Notes: This word refers to a group of people or things sharing a common origin, characteristic, or lineage. It can denote a family, a nation, a race, a species, or a type. It is often used to describe a lineage or descent, such as 'the race of Israel' or 'the family of David'. It can also refer to a general category or kind of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁- meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generation' in English.

G3367

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: may-deh-MEE-as

Translations: of no one, of nothing, of no, of not any

Notes: This word is the genitive singular feminine form of the negative indefinite pronoun/adjective 'μηδείς' (medeís), meaning 'no one', 'nothing', or 'not any'. It is a compound word formed from 'μηδέ' (mēde), meaning 'not even, nor', and 'εἷς' (heis), meaning 'one'. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'. It is used to negate a noun or pronoun, indicating the complete absence or non-existence of something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝΟΣ, ΟΥΔΕΜΙΑΣ, ΟΥΔΕΝΟΣ

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G0001

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-ksee-OH-sthai

Translations: to be deemed worthy, to be thought worthy, to be considered worthy, to be counted worthy, to be entitled, to be honored

Notes: This word is the perfect passive infinitive form of the verb ἀξιόω (axioō). It means 'to have been deemed worthy' or 'to have been considered worthy'. It describes a state of having been judged or recognized as deserving of something, often an honor, privilege, or particular treatment. It is used to express that someone or something has been given a certain status or value.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΤΙΜΑΩ, ΚΡΙΝΩ

G0757

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ar-KSO-mai

Translations: I will begin, I will start

Notes: This word is a future tense, middle voice form of the verb 'ἄρχω', meaning 'to begin' or 'to rule'. In this specific form, it means 'I will begin' or 'I will start'. It is used to indicate the commencement of an action by the speaker.

Inflection: Future, Middle, Indicative, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΑΡΞΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΡΧΩ

Etymology: From the root 'ἄρχω', meaning 'to be first', 'to begin', or 'to rule'. It is related to 'ἀρχή' (arche), meaning 'beginning' or 'first principle'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G5277

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-po-LEH-po-meh-noos

Translations: remaining, left behind, those who remain, those who are left

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'hypoleipō', meaning 'to leave behind' or 'to remain'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that is left over or remaining. It refers to individuals or things that have been spared, survived, or are still present after others have departed or been removed.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΛΟΙΠΟΥΣ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΥΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'remaining', and the verb ΛΕΙΠΩ (leipō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to abandon'.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ge-GRA-fo-ton

Translations: of those who have written, of the ones who wrote, of the writers

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who has completed the action of writing. In this form, it refers to 'those who have written' or 'the writers', emphasizing a completed action with ongoing relevance.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΕΩΝ, ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΕΩΝ

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LENG-khein

Translations: to convict, to reprove, to rebuke, to expose, to correct, to show to be guilty, to bring to light

Notes: This word means to bring to light, to expose, or to prove someone guilty. It often implies a process of examination or scrutiny that leads to a clear demonstration of truth or error. It can be used in the sense of rebuking or correcting someone by showing them their fault.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΜΑΩ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΕΞΕΛΕΓΧΩ

Etymology: The word comes from an ancient Greek root meaning 'to disgrace, to put to shame, to convict'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-PEE-oh-nah

Translations: Apion

Notes: This is the name of Apion, a Greek grammarian and anti-Jewish writer who lived in the first century AD. He was known for his criticisms of the Jews, which were later refuted by Josephus in his work 'Against Apion'. The word is used here as the direct object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Apion is of Greek origin, derived from the word 'apios', meaning 'pear-shaped' or 'from the pear tree'. It was a common personal name in the ancient Greek world.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: grah-mah-tee-KON

Translations: grammatical, learned, scholarly, a grammarian, a scholar

Notes: This word describes something related to writing, letters, or learning. It can refer to something that is 'grammatical' or 'scholarly'. When used as a noun, it refers to a 'grammarian' or a 'scholar', someone who is learned in letters and literature. It is often used to describe someone skilled in language and writing.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΛΟΓΙΟΣ, ΣΟΦΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΙΚΟΣ (grammatikos) is derived from the Greek word ΓΡΑΜΜΑ (gramma), meaning 'letter' or 'writing'. It relates to the study and knowledge of letters and literature.

G5111

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: teh-tol-MEE-may-noys

Translations: (to) those who have dared, (to) those who have ventured, (to) the daring ones, (to) the bold ones

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb ΤΟΛΜΑΩ (tolmaō), meaning 'to dare' or 'to be bold'. As a participle, it functions adjectivally, describing someone or something that has performed the action of daring or venturing. In this form, it refers to 'those who have dared' or 'the daring ones', often implying a sense of boldness or audacity.

Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΘΑΡΣΕΩ, ΤΟΛΜΗΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΛΜΑΩ comes from the ancient Greek noun ΤΟΛΜΑ (tolma), meaning 'courage' or 'boldness'. Its origin is uncertain but is thought to be related to a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to endure' or 'to bear'.

G2186

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-EL-theh

Translations: came upon, came over, came against, attacked, befell, overtook, approached, arrived

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'over') and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai, meaning 'to come' or 'to go'). It means to come upon, come over, or approach someone or something. It can imply an arrival, an attack, or something befalling a person or group, often with a sense of consequence or imposition.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G1280

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-po-REH-in

Translations: to be in doubt, to be perplexed, to be at a loss, to be greatly perplexed

Notes: This word means to be in great doubt, perplexity, or to be at a loss. It describes a state of being utterly bewildered or uncertain about what to do, say, or understand. It implies a deep sense of confusion or being without a clear path forward.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΡΕΙΝ, ΑΜΦΙΒΑΛΛΕΙΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and πορέω (poreō), meaning 'to go' or 'to pass'. The combination suggests a thorough going through or passing through a difficult situation, leading to perplexity.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G0537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PAN-tohn

Translations: (of) all, (of) everyone, (of) everything

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΑΠΑΣ' (apas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is a compound word formed from 'α-' (a-, a prefix indicating totality or completeness) and 'πας' (pas, meaning 'all' or 'every'). As a genitive plural, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship for multiple entities, often translated as 'of all' or 'concerning all'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΝ, ΟΛΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΑΣ (apas) is a compound of the intensive prefix ἀ- (a-) and the word πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. The prefix ἀ- intensifies the meaning of 'all' to 'the whole' or 'everyone without exception'.

G3633

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-EE-thayn

Translations: I thought, I supposed, I imagined, I believed

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to think', 'to suppose', 'to imagine', or 'to believe'. It is often used to express an opinion or a personal conviction. In this form, it indicates an action that happened in the past, specifically 'I thought' or 'I supposed'.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ἩΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΟἸΟΜΑΙ comes from an older Greek form, and its origin is uncertain, though it is related to the concept of 'thinking' or 'supposing'.

G1163

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DEIN

Translations: to be necessary, to be needful, to be proper, to be right, to be fitting, to be binding, to be obligatory, to be due, to be destined, to be fated, to be required, to be compelled, to be obliged, to need, to have to, must, ought

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the impersonal verb 'ΔΕΙ'. It means 'to be necessary' or 'it is necessary'. It is often used to express obligation, necessity, or what is proper or destined to happen. It typically takes an infinitive as its subject, indicating what must or ought to be done.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ

G4935

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: soon-TOH-mohs

Translations: briefly, concisely, quickly, soon

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'briefly' or 'quickly'. It describes the manner in which an action is performed, indicating that something happens in a short amount of time or in a concise manner. For example, it can describe speaking briefly or an event happening soon.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΤΑΧΕΩΣ, ΕΝ ΤΑΧΕΙ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΤΟΜΩΣ is derived from the adjective ΣΥΝΤΟΜΟΣ (syntomos), which means 'cut short' or 'brief'. It is a compound word formed from ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and ΤΕΜΝΩ (temnō), meaning 'to cut'.

G3058

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: loy-do-ROON-ton

Translations: of those who revile, of those who insult, of those who abuse, of those who slander

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'reviling' or 'insulting'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is in the act of reviling or insulting. In this genitive plural form, it refers to 'those who are reviling' or 'of those who are insulting'. It describes an ongoing action of verbal abuse or reproach.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΥΒΡΙΖΟΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΛΟΙΔΟΡΕΩ comes from the noun ΛΟΙΔΟΡΟΣ (loidóros), meaning 'a reviler' or 'abusive'.

G1595

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-koo-SEE-on

Translations: voluntary, willing, freewill, a freewill offering, a voluntary offering

Notes: This word describes something that is done or given voluntarily, willingly, or of one's own free will, rather than under compulsion or obligation. It is often used in the context of offerings or sacrifices made to God, indicating that they are not forced but are a spontaneous act of devotion. It can also refer to a person who is willing.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΘΑΙΡΕΤΟΣ, ΕΘΕΛΟΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἔκων (hekōn), meaning 'willing' or 'voluntary'. It describes an action or state that proceeds from one's own will.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LENG-xai

Translations: to convict, to reprove, to expose, to rebuke, to correct, to refute

Notes: This word means to bring to light, to expose, or to convict, often with the implication of bringing someone to a realization of their fault or error. It can also mean to rebuke or correct. It is used to describe the act of demonstrating someone's guilt or error, often through argument or evidence.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΜΑΩ, ΕΛΕΓΜΟΣ, ΔΙΑΛΕΓΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΛΕΓΧΩ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to put to the test' or 'to prove'.

G5579

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: psyoo-doh-loh-GEE-an

Translations: falsehood, a falsehood, lying, a lie, false speaking

Notes: This word refers to the act of speaking falsely or telling lies. It is a compound word derived from 'ψεῦδος' (pseudos), meaning 'falsehood' or 'lie', and 'λόγος' (logos), meaning 'word' or 'speech'. It describes the characteristic or practice of uttering untruths, often with an intent to deceive. It can be used to describe a specific lie or the general habit of lying.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΨΕΥΔΟΣ, ΨΕΥΔΗΓΟΡΙΑ, ΑΠΑΤΗ

G0052

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ag-NOY-ah

Translations: ignorance, a lack of knowledge, a want of knowledge

Notes: This word refers to a state of not knowing or being unaware of something. It describes a lack of information or understanding, often implying a blameless or unintentional state of not knowing.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΩΣΙΑ, ΑΜΑΘΙΑ, ΑΣΥΝΕΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἈΓΝΟΙΑ (agnoia) comes from the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and the verb γιγνώσκω (gignōskō), meaning 'to know'. Thus, it literally means 'not knowing'.

G1882

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-an-or-THOH-sas-thai

Translations: to correct, to restore, to set right, to reform, to amend

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to set straight again, to correct, or to restore to an upright state. It implies an action of rectification or improvement, often in a moral or ethical sense. It can be used to describe the act of correcting errors, reforming one's conduct, or restoring something to its proper condition.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΡΘΌΩ, ἈΝΑΚΑΙΝΊΖΩ, ἈΠΟΚΑΘΊΣΤΗΜΙ

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-soy

Translations: as many as, all who, whoever, how many

Notes: This word functions as a relative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'as many as' or 'all who'. It introduces a relative clause and refers to a quantity or number of people or things. It is used to connect a dependent clause to a main clause, specifying the extent or number of the antecedent.

Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ὅς (hos, 'this, that') and the suffix -σος (-sos), indicating quantity or degree. It is related to other words indicating quantity or extent.

G5534

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHRAY

Translations: it is necessary, it is proper, one ought, must, should

Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'it is proper'. It is often used to express a moral obligation or a logical necessity. It typically takes an infinitive or an accusative with an infinitive to complete its meaning, indicating what is necessary or proper to do.

Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΔΕΙ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ

Etymology: From an obsolete verb χράω (chraō), meaning 'to furnish what is needful'. It is related to words concerning use and usefulness.

G4704

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: spoo-DAH-sai

Translations: to be diligent, to make haste, to strive, to endeavor, to be eager, to give diligence, to do one's best

Notes: This word describes the act of being diligent, making an effort, or striving to achieve something. It conveys a sense of earnestness and eagerness in one's actions. It can be used to express the need to act quickly or to apply oneself with zeal to a task.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive or Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΡΤΙΖΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ge-gra-mMEH-non

Translations: (of) written, (of) written things, (of) the things written, (of) the scriptures

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the perfect passive participle of the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It is often used substantively, referring to 'the things that have been written' or 'the scriptures'. It indicates something that has been recorded or set down in writing, and in a religious context, it frequently refers to sacred texts.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΩΝ, ΓΡΑΦΩΝ

G2046

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: ee-RAY-may-noys

Translations: spoken, said, what has been said, things said, words spoken

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'to speak' or 'to say'. It describes something that has already been spoken or said. It is often used substantively, meaning 'the things that have been said' or 'the words spoken'. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative plural, indicating 'to/for the things that have been said'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΦΑΝΕΝΟΙΣ

G3029

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: LEE-ahn

Translations: very, exceedingly, greatly, much, extremely

Notes: This word is an adverb that means 'very' or 'exceedingly'. It is used to intensify the meaning of an adjective, another adverb, or a verb, indicating a high degree or extent of something. For example, it can be used to say 'very good' or 'greatly rejoice'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΠΟΛΥ, ΜΑΛΑ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'smoothness' or 'plainness', which then developed into the meaning of 'very' or 'exceedingly'.

G5593

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: psy-KHROS

Translations: coldly, lukewarmly, without warmth, without feeling, without enthusiasm

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'coldly' or 'without warmth'. It can describe an action performed without enthusiasm, feeling, or effectiveness, or something that is literally cold. For example, it might describe someone speaking in a detached manner or an argument presented poorly.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΨΥΧΩΣ, ΑΤΟΝΩΣ

Etymology: The word ΨΥΧΡΩΣ is derived from the adjective ΨΥΧΡΟΣ (psychros), meaning 'cold'. It is related to the verb ψύχω (psycho), 'to cool' or 'to make cold'.

G4369

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-teth-EE-ken

Translations: he has added, he has put to, he has joined to, he has appended

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning "to" or "towards," and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning "to put" or "to place." It means to add something to something else, to put something in addition, or to join something to an existing whole. It describes an action that has been completed in the past and whose results continue into the present.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΑΝΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning "to, toward, in addition to," and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning "to put, place, set." Its meaning is derived directly from the combination of these two elements.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PLAY-stah

Translations: most, very many, very much, a most, the most

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As a superlative, it translates to 'most' or 'very many/much'. It is used to describe the greatest quantity or degree of something. For example, 'πλεῖστα χρήματα' would mean 'most money' or 'very much money'.

Inflection: Superlative, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΜΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΛΕΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys) comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'much' or 'many'.

G1163

Part of Speech: Impersonal Verb

Sounds like: DEH-ee

Translations: it is necessary, one must, it is proper, it behooves

Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'one must'. It expresses a strong sense of obligation, necessity, or inevitability. It is often used with an infinitive to indicate what must be done or what is destined to happen.

Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (to shine, to gleam), which developed into the sense of 'to be visible, to appear', and then 'to be proper, to be necessary'.

G0227

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: tah-lay-THES

Translations: the truth, that which is true, true, real

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ἀληθής' (alēthēs), meaning 'true' or 'real'. When used substantively, as it often is, it refers to 'the truth' or 'that which is true'. It can function as either the subject (nominative) or the direct object (accusative) in a sentence.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: The word 'ἀληθής' (alēthēs) comes from the prefix 'ἀ-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'un-', and 'λήθη' (lēthē), meaning 'forgetfulness' or 'oblivion'. Thus, it literally means 'unforgettable' or 'not hidden', implying something that is revealed, evident, and therefore true.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-PINE

Translations: to say, to speak, to tell

Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive verb meaning 'to say', 'to speak', or 'to tell'. It is used to express the action of speaking or communicating something, often in a general sense without specifying the subject or object of the action. It can be used in various constructions, such as after verbs of commanding or desiring, or to express purpose.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΕΙΝ, ΛΑΛΕΙΝ, ΦΑΝΑΙ

Etymology: ΕἸΠΕΙΝ is the aorist infinitive of the verb ΕἸΠΩ, which is a suppletive aorist form used with the present tense verbs ΛΕΓΩ and ΦΗΜΙ. Its origin traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking or declaring.

G0521

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-pah-ee-DEH-oo-see-ahn

Translations: ignorance, lack of instruction, unlearnedness, a lack of discipline, an ignorance

Notes: This word is a compound noun, formed from the privative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'παιδεία' (paideia, meaning 'education' or 'discipline'). It refers to a state of being uneducated, uninstructed, or lacking in discipline. It describes a general ignorance or lack of proper training, often implying a moral or intellectual deficiency.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΟΙΑ, ΑΜΑΘΙΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπαιδευσία (apaideusía), from ἀ- (a-, privative prefix) + παιδεύω (paideúō, 'to educate, to discipline') + -σία (-sía, noun-forming suffix). It literally means 'without education' or 'lack of discipline'.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G4793

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: soong-KAY-meh-nah

Translations: composed, compiled, put together, written, a composed thing, a compiled thing

Notes: This word is a compound adjective derived from the verb 'σύγκειμαι', meaning 'to lie together' or 'to be composed of'. As an adjective, it describes something that has been put together, compiled, or composed, often referring to written works or texts. It indicates that something is made up of various parts or elements that have been assembled.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΑ, ΣΥΝΤΕΘΕΙΜΕΝΑ

G1492

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-deh-nye

Translations: to know, to understand, to perceive

Notes: This is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb ΟἾΔΑ, meaning 'to know' or 'to understand'. It is used to express the act of knowing or having knowledge about something. For example, it can be used in constructions like 'I want to know' or 'it is good to know'.

Inflection: Perfect Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

Etymology: The root verb ΟἾΔΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see' or 'to know'. In Greek, it evolved to primarily mean 'to know' through observation or experience, often implying a state of knowing rather than the process of learning.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-go-MEH-nohn

Translations: of things being said, of things being spoken, of things being told, of things being called

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb while retaining verbal qualities. In this form, it refers to 'things that are being said' or 'things that are being spoken about'. It is used to describe the subject or object of a statement or discussion.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΡΗΘΕΝΤΩΝ

G0001

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ax-ee-oh-PIS-toh-toyce

Translations: most trustworthy, most credible, most reliable, to the most trustworthy, to the most credible, to the most reliable

Notes: This word is a compound adjective, formed from 'ἀξιόω' (to deem worthy) and 'πιστός' (faithful, trustworthy). It describes something or someone as being extremely worthy of belief or trust, indicating the highest degree of reliability or credibility. It is used to emphasize that the subject possesses an unparalleled level of trustworthiness.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΟΤΑΤΟΙΣ, ΑΛΗΘΕΣΤΑΤΟΙΣ, ΕΓΓΥΤΑΤΟΙΣ

G0746

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khai-ol-o-GEE-as

Translations: of archaeology, of ancient history, of ancient lore

Notes: This word refers to the study of ancient things, encompassing ancient history, traditions, and lore. It is a compound word derived from 'ἀρχαῖος' (archaios), meaning 'ancient' or 'old', and 'λόγος' (logos), meaning 'word', 'reason', or 'study'. Thus, it literally means 'the study of ancient things'. It is used to refer to the field of knowledge concerning antiquity.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΤΗΣ, ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'ἀρχαιολογία' (archaiologia) is a compound of 'ἀρχαῖος' (archaios), meaning 'ancient' or 'old', and '-λογία' (-logia), meaning 'the study of' or 'discourse'. 'ἀρχαῖος' comes from 'ἀρχή' (archē), meaning 'beginning' or 'origin'.

G2919

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: keh-kree-MEH-noys

Translations: to those who have been judged, to those who have been decided, to those who have been condemned, to those who have been determined

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been judged' or 'having been decided'. It describes a state of having undergone judgment or decision. As a dative plural, it typically functions as an indirect object, indicating 'to' or 'for' those who have been judged or decided.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Dative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΚΑΤΕΓΝΩΣΜΕΝΟΙΣ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ge-GRA-fo-tas

Translations: having written, those who have written, the ones who have written

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having written' or 'those who have written'. It describes someone who has completed the action of writing. As a participle, it can function like an adjective, modifying a noun, or like a noun itself, referring to the people who performed the action. In this form, it is accusative masculine plural, indicating it refers to multiple male individuals (or a group including males) who have completed the action of writing, and it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΡΑΜΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΠΕΠΟΙΗΚΟΤΑΣ

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: eh-LEHNG-kho-meh-NOOS

Translations: being convicted, being reproved, being exposed, being rebuked, being examined, being cross-examined

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to convict' or 'to expose'. It describes someone or something that is currently in the process of being convicted, reproved, exposed, or rebuked. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating that the subject is undergoing this action.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ἘΠΙΤΙΜΩ, ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΕΩ, ἘΞΕΤΑΖΩ

G3793

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: okh-lah-go-GOO

Translations: (of) a leader of a crowd, (of) a mob leader, (of) a demagogue

Notes: This word refers to someone who leads or incites a crowd or a mob, often implying manipulation or stirring up public sentiment. It is a compound word formed from 'ὄχλος' (ochlos), meaning 'crowd' or 'mob', and 'ἀγωγός' (agogos), meaning 'leader' or 'one who leads'. It describes a person who has influence over a large group of people, often in a negative or manipulative sense.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΗΜΑΓΩΓΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΚΟΠΟΣ

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: geh-go-NO-toss

Translations: of having become, of having happened, of having come into being, of having been done, of having been made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), which means 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into being,' 'to be done,' or 'to be made.' As a genitive participle, it often describes the state or result of something that has already occurred, functioning like 'of that which has happened' or 'concerning what has come to pass.' It is used to refer to an event or situation that has taken place.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΥ, ΠΕΠΡΑΓΜΕΝΟΥ, ΣΥΜΒΕΒΗΚΟΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ahn-throh-POHN

Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humankind

Notes: ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, which means 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of men' or 'of people'. It refers to human beings in general, often distinguishing them from God or other creatures.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, likely a compound of ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), possibly meaning 'one who looks up' or 'one with a human face'.

G0251

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hah-LIS-kon-tai

Translations: they are captured, they are caught, they are taken, they are overcome, they are convicted

Notes: This verb means 'to be captured,' 'to be caught,' or 'to be taken.' It is typically used in the passive voice, indicating that the subject is the one being seized or overcome, rather than performing the action. It can also mean 'to be convicted' in a legal sense.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΙΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἁλίσκομαι (haliskomai) is an ancient Greek verb with an irregular formation, often considered a passive counterpart to αἱρέω (haireō, 'to take, seize'). Its origins are somewhat obscure but it is attested from early Greek.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-gohn

Translations: of words, of sayings, of accounts, of reasons, of messages, of speeches, of reports, of doctrines

Notes: ΛΟΓΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΛΟΓΟΣ (logos). The word ΛΟΓΟΣ is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a very broad range of meanings, including 'word,' 'speech,' 'account,' 'reason,' 'message,' 'report,' 'doctrine,' or 'principle.' In its genitive plural form, ΛΟΓΩΝ indicates possession, origin, or relation to multiple 'words' or 'concepts.' It is used to express 'of words' or 'belonging to words' in a sentence.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑΤΩΝ, ΜΥΘΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ

G3123

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: TI-nos

Translations: of someone, of something, of anyone, of anything, of a certain one, of a certain thing, of what, of whom, whose

Notes: ΤΙΝΟΣ is the genitive singular form of the indefinite or interrogative pronoun 'τις'. As an indefinite pronoun, it refers to an unspecified person or thing, often translated as 'someone' or 'something'. As an interrogative pronoun, it asks about the identity or nature of a person or thing, translated as 'whose' or 'of what'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΙΝΩΝ, ΤΙΝΙ, ΤΙΝΑ

G4710

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: spoo-DEHS

Translations: (of) diligence, (of) haste, (of) earnestness, (of) zeal, (of) eagerness

Notes: This word refers to a state of earnestness, diligence, or eagerness. It can also denote speed or haste in action. It is used to describe the quality of being diligent or the act of doing something quickly and with great effort.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΑΧΟΣ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ, ΖΗΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word σπουδή (spoudē) is derived from the verb σπεύδω (speudō), meaning 'to hasten' or 'to be eager'. It refers to the quality of being quick or earnest in action.

G3059

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: loy-dor-EE-ais

Translations: to revilings, to reproaches, to abuses, to railings

Notes: This word refers to abusive language, insults, or reviling. It describes the act of speaking harshly or contemptuously to someone. In the provided context, it is used to describe the harsh words or reproaches directed at someone.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΥΒΡΙΣ, ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΙΑ, ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb λοιδορέω (loidoreō), meaning 'to revile' or 'to abuse with words'. It is related to λοίδορος (loidoros), meaning 'reviling' or 'abusive'.

G0316

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-nang-KAI-on

Translations: necessary, important, essential, fitting, a necessary thing

Notes: This word describes something that is necessary, unavoidable, or indispensable. It can also refer to something that is proper, fitting, or closely related, such as a close friend or relative. It is often used impersonally to mean 'it is necessary' or 'it is important'.

Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Singular; Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΣ, ἘΠΙΤΗΔΕΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΑΓΚΑΙΟΣ (anankaios) is derived from the noun ἈΝΑΓΚΗ (anankē), meaning 'necessity' or 'compulsion'. It describes that which pertains to or is caused by necessity.

G2233

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hay-GAY-sah-meen

Translations: I considered, I thought, I esteemed, I regarded, I led

Notes: This is a verb in the aorist tense, middle voice, first person singular. It means 'I considered' or 'I thought' in the sense of forming an opinion or making a judgment. It can also mean 'I led' or 'I guided' in a past context, indicating a past action of leadership or direction.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΚΡΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ comes from the Greek root ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead'. It developed to signify leading in a broader sense, including leading one's thoughts or opinions.

G3366

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: MEE-deh

Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not

Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ

Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G0420

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: an-ex-E-tas-ton

Translations: unexamined, uninvestigated, untested, unsearchable

Notes: This word describes something that has not been examined, investigated, or put to the test. It implies a lack of scrutiny or inquiry. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix ἀν- (an-), meaning 'not' or 'un-', and ἐξετάζω (exetazo), meaning 'to examine' or 'to investigate'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΡΕΥΝΗΤΟΣ, ΑΝΕΞΕΡΕΥΝΗΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνεξέταστος (anexetastos), formed from ἀν- (an-, 'un-') and ἐξετάζω (exetazo, 'to examine, investigate').

G2641

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-li-PEIN

Translations: to leave behind, to abandon, to forsake, to desert, to depart from, to bequeath

Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'καταλείπω'. It is a compound verb formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'λείπω' (to leave). It means to leave something or someone behind, to abandon, or to forsake. It can also refer to leaving something as a legacy or inheritance. It is often used in contexts where someone departs from a place, leaves a person, or abandons a practice.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΚΛΕΙΠΩ, ΑΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ

G0473

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: an-TEE-kroos

Translations: opposite, directly opposite, over against, in front of, face to face

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning "opposite," "directly opposite," or "face to face." It is used to indicate a position or direction that is directly across from something or someone. It can also imply a direct confrontation or encounter.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΠΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From ἀντί (anti, "against") and κρύπτω (kruptō, "to hide"), implying a position that is not hidden but directly visible or opposite.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G1349

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DEE-kay

Translations: justice, right, judgment, penalty, a justice, a right, a judgment, a penalty

Notes: This word refers to the concept of justice, right, or judgment. It can also denote a penalty or punishment, especially one that is deserved. It is used to describe what is morally right or legally due, often in the context of a legal process or divine retribution.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΡΙΣΙΣ, ΕΚΔΙΚΗΣΙΣ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the concept of showing or pointing out, thus referring to what is 'pointed out' as right or just.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ge-GRA-pho-ta

Translations: having written, a writer, one who has written, those who have written

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. As a participle, it functions as both a verb and an adjective, describing someone or something that has completed the action of writing. It can be translated as 'having written' or 'one who has written', and can refer to a person who is a writer or author. In the provided context, it likely refers to 'those who have written' or 'the one who has written'.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Singular or Nominative/Accusative, Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ἈΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ

G0591

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-doo-NAI

Translations: to give back, to pay back, to render, to restore, to repay, to return

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἀποδίδωμι (apodidōmi). It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'back', and the verb δίδωμι (didōmi), meaning 'to give'. Therefore, it literally means 'to give back' or 'to give away from oneself'. It is used to express the action of returning something, paying a debt, rendering what is due, or restoring something to its original state or owner. It can be used in contexts of financial transactions, fulfilling obligations, or divine retribution.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΔΙΔΟΝΑΙ, ἈΠΟΤΙΝΕΙΝ, ἈΠΟΚΑΘΙΣΤΑΝ

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-noos

Translations: of a nation, of the nation, of a people, of the people, of a Gentile, of the Gentile, of a heathen, of the heathen

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people, or a race, often used in the context of non-Israelite peoples or Gentiles. It can also refer to a group of people united by common descent, language, or culture. In the New Testament, it frequently distinguishes between Jews and non-Jews (Gentiles).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ, ΓΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'), suggesting a group united by common customs.

G3305

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN-toy

Translations: however, certainly, indeed, nevertheless, yet, truly

Notes: ΜΕΝΤΟΙ is a particle used to introduce a strong contrast or to emphasize a statement. It often means 'however' or 'nevertheless' when introducing a contrasting idea, or 'certainly' or 'indeed' when adding emphasis to a preceding statement. It can be used to affirm something strongly or to mark a transition to a more important or contrasting point.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΔΕ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: From the particle μέν (men) meaning 'on the one hand' or 'indeed', and τοι (toi) meaning 'surely' or 'indeed'. It combines these elements to form a stronger emphatic or adversative particle.

G3860

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-li-PON-tas

Translations: having left aside, having omitted, having neglected, having passed over

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραλείπω' (paraleipō), meaning 'to leave aside, omit, neglect, or pass over'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, indicating an action that has already occurred. It describes someone or something that has performed the action of leaving aside or neglecting.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΚΛΕΙΠΩ

G5318

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: fah-neh-ROOS

Translations: manifest, visible, evident, plain, clear, apparent, revealed, made known, appearing, being revealed

Notes: This word describes something that is manifest, visible, or evident. As an adjective, it means 'visible' or 'plain'. As a participle, it means 'appearing' or 'being revealed', indicating an action of becoming visible or known. It is often used to describe things that are brought into the open or made clear to others.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative (Adjective); Masculine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (Present Active Participle)

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΣ, ΕΜΦΑΝΗΣ, ΦΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ comes from the verb ΦΑΙΝΩ (phainō), meaning 'to bring to light, to make to appear, to show'. It is related to the concept of light and visibility.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G4339

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-poy-oo-MEH-noyce

Translations: pretending, feigning, making a pretense, affecting, claiming, professing

Notes: This word describes someone who is pretending or feigning something, often with the intention of deceiving or creating a false impression. It implies an act of making something appear to be true or real when it is not, or adopting a certain attitude or behavior for a specific purpose. It is used to describe actions or states of being that are not genuine.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Dative

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΠΛΑΣΣΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ

Etymology: The word προσποιέω (prospoieō) is a compound word formed from πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards,' and ποιέω (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do.' Thus, it literally means 'to make towards oneself' or 'to make for oneself,' leading to the sense of pretending or feigning.

G0050

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ag-no-EH-in

Translations: to be ignorant of, not to know, to ignore, to misunderstand, to be unaware

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ἀγνοέω' (agnoeō). It means 'to be ignorant of' or 'not to know' something. It can also imply a deliberate act of ignoring or overlooking. It is used to express a lack of knowledge or understanding about a person, fact, or situation.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ἈΓΝΩΣΙΑ, ἈΓΝΩΜΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀγνοέω (agnoéō), a compound of ἀ- (a-, 'not') and νοέω (noéō, 'to perceive, to know'). It literally means 'not to know' or 'to be without knowledge'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OW

Translations: he, she, it, him, her, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: This word is an elided form of the pronoun ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos), meaning 'he, she, it' or 'himself, herself, itself'. The coronis (̓) indicates that the final vowel of the original word has been dropped due to elision, usually before a word starting with a vowel. It functions as a personal pronoun (third person) or an intensive/demonstrative pronoun, depending on its position and context in a sentence. It can refer to a person or thing already mentioned, or emphasize the subject or object.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Accusative

G2532, G1565

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: kah-KEH-ee-noh

Translations: and that, and that one, and those, and those ones, and him, and her, and it, and them

Notes: This word is a compound word, formed by the elision of the conjunction 'καί' (and) and the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'ἐκεῖνο' (that/those). It means 'and that' or 'and those', depending on the context. It can refer to a person, thing, or group previously mentioned or implied, functioning as 'and him', 'and her', 'and it', or 'and them'. It often emphasizes the connection between the current subject and something already discussed.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G3877

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-ko-loo-THOON

Translations: they follow, they accompany, they attend, they investigate, they understand, they ascertain

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning to follow closely, accompany, or attend to something or someone. It can also mean to investigate, examine, or understand thoroughly, implying a close mental following of a subject. It is used to describe actions where one tracks or observes something diligently.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative or Imperative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ, ΕΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

G2184

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ef-ay-DES-thai

Translations: to rejoice over, to delight in, to take pleasure in, to gloat over

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'over') and the verb ἥδομαι (hēdomai, meaning 'to be pleased' or 'to delight'). It means to take great pleasure or delight in something, often with the nuance of rejoicing over or gloating over an event or another person's misfortune. It can be used to describe a strong emotional response of satisfaction.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΗΔΟΜΑΙ, ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epi, 'upon, over') and ἥδομαι (hēdomai, 'to be pleased, to delight'). The combination implies a strong or directed sense of pleasure.

G3752

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OH-tan

Translations: when, whenever, as often as, at the time that

Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a temporal clause, indicating a point in time or a condition. It means 'when' or 'whenever,' suggesting that something happens at a specific moment or repeatedly under certain circumstances. It is often followed by the subjunctive mood in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΤΕ, ΗΝΙΚΑ

Etymology: From the conjunction ὅτε (hote, 'when') and the particle ἄν (an, indicating potential or contingency).

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G0756

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ar-KSA-meh-nos

Translations: beginning, having begun, starting, having started, from

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'archō', meaning 'to begin' or 'to rule'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already started or is in the process of starting. It often indicates the point from which something originates or commences, or the person who initiates an action. It can be translated as 'beginning', 'having begun', or 'from' when indicating a starting point.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΝΑΡΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΡΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-teh-ron

Translations: another, other, different, a different thing, an other thing

Notes: This word means 'another' or 'other', emphasizing a difference in kind or quality from something else. It is used to refer to something distinct or different from what has been previously mentioned or implied. For example, it might be used to say 'another person' or 'a different kind of thing'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΤΕΡΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'one of two' or 'the other'. It is related to the English word 'other'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LEHNG-khee-tai

Translations: it may be exposed, it may be convicted, it may be reproved, it may be rebuked, it may be shown, it may be proved

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to expose, convict, reprove, or rebuke. It is often used in a legal or moral context, implying a demonstration of guilt or error. It can also mean to show or prove something to be true or false. In a sentence, it would describe something being revealed or proven.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Tense, Passive Voice, Subjunctive Mood

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΜΑΩ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G4310

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ON-ton

Translations: of being present, of belonging, of being added, of being available

Notes: This word is the genitive plural masculine, feminine, or neuter present participle of the verb 'πρόσειμι' (proseimi). It describes something that is present, belongs to, or is added to something else. It can be used to indicate possession or a state of being available or existing in relation to something.

Inflection: Present Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΝΤΩΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ

G2556

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: kah-KOHN

Translations: (of) bad things, (of) evils, (of) calamities, (of) troubles

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΚΑΚΟΣ', meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. When used substantively, as it often is in the genitive plural, it refers to 'evils', 'calamities', or 'troubles'. It describes things that are harmful, morally corrupt, or cause distress. It can be used to describe the source or nature of something negative.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΩΝ, ΦΑΥΛΩΝ, ΑΣΕΒΩΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. It is related to words signifying 'to hurt' or 'to wound'.

G4488

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: HRAH-dee-on

Translations: easy, a easy thing, easy to do, readily, easily

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'easy' or 'ready'. It describes something that is not difficult to do or accomplish. In the provided examples, it is used with 'οὐ' (ou) meaning 'not', so 'οὐ ῥᾴδιον' means 'not easy' or 'difficult'. It can be used to describe tasks, situations, or concepts.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΥΚΟΛΟΣ, ΚΟΥΦΟΣ

Etymology: The word ῥᾴδιος (rhadios) is thought to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wreh₁dʰ- meaning 'to grow, to sprout', which evolved to mean 'easy' or 'ready' in Greek, perhaps implying something that comes forth readily or without effort.

G1330

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-el-THAYN

Translations: to go through, to pass through, to travel through, to cross, to traverse, to go about, to spread

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It signifies movement from one point to another, often implying a journey or passage through a space, region, or crowd. It can also refer to the spreading of something, like a report or a message, throughout an area.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΔΙΑΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΤΡΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition ΔΙΑ (DIA), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (ERCHOMAI), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G1097

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: gno-NAI

Translations: to know, to understand, to perceive, to learn, to recognize

Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō), meaning 'to know'. It expresses the action of knowing or coming to know in a general sense, without specifying the time of the action. It is often used as the object of another verb or as a complement to an adjective, indicating purpose or result, such as 'to be able to know' or 'for the purpose of knowing'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

G4975

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: skheh-DON

Translations: almost, nearly, well-nigh, about, approximately

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'almost' or 'nearly'. It is used to indicate that something is very close to being true or happening, but not quite. It can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, conveying a sense of approximation or proximity.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΜΟΝΟΝ

Etymology: From the root of Ancient Greek 'σχεῖν' (scheîn), meaning 'to have, to hold, to be near'. It implies being 'close at hand' or 'nearly'.

G5016

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ta-ra-KHEE

Translations: trouble, disturbance, a disturbance, agitation, commotion, a commotion

Notes: This word refers to a state of agitation, disturbance, or commotion. It can describe a physical upheaval, a mental or emotional distress, or a general state of disorder. It is often used to describe a tumultuous situation or a feeling of inner turmoil.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΟΡΥΒΟΣ, ΣΥΓΧΥΣΙΣ, ΑΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ταράσσω (tarassō), meaning 'to trouble, disturb, stir up'.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G4098

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PIP-tei

Translations: falls, is falling, to fall, to fall down, to perish, to happen

Notes: This word describes the action of falling, whether literally falling down, or metaphorically falling into a state or condition, such as falling into sin or perishing. It can also mean to happen or occur, especially when something falls out or turns out a certain way. It is often used to describe a sudden or unexpected event.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΕΣΕΙΝ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΚΠΙΠΤΩ

G1830

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: proh-ex-ay-tas-MEH-noys

Translations: previously examined, previously investigated, previously inquired into

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been previously examined' or 'previously investigated'. It describes something or someone that has undergone a prior examination or inquiry. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, and indicates a state resulting from a past action.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΤΑΣΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΕΡΕΥΝΗΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΔΙΕΡΕΥΝΗΜΕΝΟΙΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix προ- (pro-), meaning 'before' or 'previously', and the verb ἐξετάζω (exetazo), meaning 'to examine thoroughly' or 'to investigate'. The verb ἐξετάζω itself comes from ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and ἐτάζω (etazo), meaning 'to examine'.

G2251

Part of Speech: Possessive Pronoun

Sounds like: hay-meh-TEH-rohn

Translations: (of) our, (of) ours

Notes: This word is a possessive pronoun meaning 'our' or 'ours'. It indicates possession by a group including the speaker. As a genitive plural, it typically modifies a noun, indicating that the noun belongs to 'us'. For example, 'our house' or 'the house of ours'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΗΜΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'ἡμέτερος' (hēmeteros) comes from 'ἡμεῖς' (hēmeis), meaning 'we'. It is a possessive adjective derived from the first person plural pronoun.

G3331

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-tah-nah-STA-seh-ohs

Translations: of removal, of migration, of change of abode, of emigration, of deportation

Notes: This word refers to the act of changing one's place of residence, often implying a forced or significant move, such as a migration, emigration, or deportation. It describes the process of being removed from one's original dwelling place.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΙΚΙΑ, ΜΕΤΟΙΚΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΣ is a compound word formed from μετά (meta), meaning 'with, among, after, change', and ἀνάστασις (anastasis), meaning 'a standing up, resurrection'. The combination implies a 'standing up and moving from one place to another'.

G2724

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Ka-tay-go-REE-a

Translations: accusation, charge, indictment, an accusation, a charge

Notes: This word refers to a formal charge or accusation brought against someone, typically in a legal or public setting. It can denote the act of accusing or the specific content of the accusation itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΓΚΛΗΜΑ, ΑΙΤΙΑ

Etymology: ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΙΑ is derived from the verb κατηγορέω (to accuse), which is a compound of κατά (down, against) and ἀγορεύω (to speak in the assembly, to speak publicly).

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-giss-TEH-ee-as

Translations: of purity, of holiness, of sanctity, of consecration

Notes: This word refers to the state of being pure, holy, or consecrated. It denotes a condition of ritual or moral cleanliness, often in a religious context. It can be used to describe the purity required for sacred rites or the holiness of a person or object.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΕΙΑ, ΚΑΘΑΡΟΤΗΣ, ΟΣΙΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΓΙΣΤΕΙΑ (hagisteia) is derived from the adjective ἅγιος (hagios), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. It refers to the state or quality of being holy or consecrated.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-RON

Translations: sacred, holy, consecrated, a sacred place, a temple, temple

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'sacred,' 'holy,' or 'consecrated.' When used as a noun, it refers to a 'sacred place' or, more specifically, a 'temple.' It describes something set apart for religious purposes or dedicated to a deity.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΙΕΡΟΣ (hieros) comes from a pre-Greek substrate word, possibly related to the concept of 'strength' or 'power,' which became associated with divine power and sacredness.

G3551