Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Josephus' Against Apion / Book One / Chapter 6Book One, Chapter 6
Interlinear version from Josephus' Against Apion (Beta)
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G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: pa-RAH
Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a
Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.
G0007
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ai-GYP-tee-oys
Translations: (to) Egyptians, (for) Egyptians
Notes: This word refers to people from Egypt. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' the Egyptians. It can function as an adjective describing something as Egyptian, or as a noun referring to the people themselves.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Etymology: From ΑἼΓΥΠΤΟΣ (Aigyptos), meaning 'Egypt'.
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G0896
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: bah-by-LOH-nee-oys
Translations: to Babylonians, for Babylonians, with Babylonians, by Babylonians, a Babylonian, Babylonians
Notes: This word refers to someone from Babylon, or something pertaining to Babylon. It is an adjective that can also function as a noun, meaning 'a Babylonian' or 'Babylonians'. In this inflected form, it indicates the dative case, meaning it is used to show the indirect object of a verb, or to indicate association, instrument, or location, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'with', or 'by'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G3117
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: mah-kroh-TAH-tohn
Translations: of the longest, of the greatest, of the largest, of the most distant
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'μακρός' (makros), meaning 'long' or 'large'. As a superlative, 'μακροτάτων' means 'of the longest' or 'of the greatest'. It is used to describe something that is the most extended in length, duration, or size among a group. For example, it could refer to 'of the longest times' or 'of the most distant places'.
Inflection: Superlative, Genitive, Plural, All Genders
Synonyms: ΜΕΓΙΣΤΩΝ, ΠΛΕΙΣΤΩΝ
Etymology: The word 'μακρός' (makros) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'long' or 'tall'. It is related to English words like 'macro-' (as in 'macroeconomics') and 'macron'.
G0509
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AH-noh-then
Translations: from above, from the top, again, anew, from the beginning
Notes: This word is an adverb that can have both a spatial and a temporal meaning. Spatially, it means 'from above' or 'from the top,' indicating origin or direction from a higher place. Temporally, it means 'again,' 'anew,' or 'from the beginning,' indicating a repetition or a fresh start. Its specific meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΛΙΝ, ἘΚ ΠΡΩΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΝΩΘΕΝ is formed from the adverb ἄνω (anō), meaning 'upwards' or 'above,' combined with the suffix -θεν (-then), which indicates origin or direction 'from' a place. Thus, it literally means 'from above' or 'from an upper place,' and by extension, 'from the beginning' or 'again'.
G5550
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khro-NOHN
Translations: of times, of seasons, of ages, of periods
Notes: This word refers to a period of time, a season, or an age. It is used to denote a duration or a specific point in time. In this inflected form, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΩΝ, ΑΙΩΝΩΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G0325
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-GRAH-fas
Translations: records, registers, lists, enrollments, a record, a register, a list, an enrollment
Notes: This word refers to written records, registers, or lists. It is used to denote official or historical documents that contain important information, such as genealogies, chronicles, or public records. It can be understood as a compilation or inscription of data.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΓΡΑΦΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΟΓΟΙ
G1959
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-ee-MEH-li-ah
Translations: care, a care, diligence, attention, a concern, provision
Notes: This word refers to careful attention, diligence, or concern for something or someone. It implies a proactive and thoughtful approach to providing for or looking after a matter. It is often used in contexts where someone is taking responsibility or making provisions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΡΟΝΤΙΣ, ΜΕΡΙΜΝΑ, ΠΡΟΝΟΙΑ
G3699
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OH-poo
Translations: where, whither, in what place, to what place
Notes: This word is an adverb of place, meaning 'where' or 'whither'. It can indicate a location or a direction. It is often used to introduce a clause that specifies a place, similar to how 'where' is used in English.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΗ, ΟΥ
Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (from which also ΠΟΥ, 'where?') and the particle -ου (from which also ΟΥ, 'where'). It indicates a place or direction.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G2409
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hee-EH-race
Translations: priests
Notes: This word refers to individuals who perform sacred rites and offer sacrifices, acting as intermediaries between people and the divine. In ancient contexts, priests were often associated with temples and religious cults, responsible for maintaining religious traditions and rituals.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΟΙ, ΘΥΤΗΡΕΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AY-sahn
Translations: they were, were
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It indicates an action or state that was ongoing or habitual in the past, referring to a plural subject. It functions similarly to 'were' in English, describing the state or existence of multiple entities in a past context.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Active
G1470
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: eng-keh-kheh-khee-smee-NOY
Translations: entrusted, committed, delivered, put into one's hands, a entrusted, a committed
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'ἐγχειρίζω', meaning 'to put into one's hand, to entrust, to commit'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that has been entrusted or committed. It indicates a state of having been given responsibility or authority.
Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΙΣΤΕΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΑΡΑΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΟΙ
G5129
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TAH-oo-tas
Translations: these
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning "this" or "these." It is used to point out something specific, similar to how "this" or "these" are used in English. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ΟΥ͂ΤΟΣ
G5386
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-fee-loh-so-PHOON
Translations: they were philosophizing, they philosophized, they practiced philosophy
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to philosophize' or 'to practice philosophy'. It describes the act of engaging in philosophical inquiry or discussion. It is used to indicate that a group of people were actively involved in philosophical thought or debate.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
G5466
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: khal-DAI-oy
Translations: Chaldeans
Notes: This word refers to the Chaldeans, an ancient people who inhabited Chaldea, a region in southern Mesopotamia. They were known for their wisdom, astrology, and as a powerful nation, particularly in the Neo-Babylonian Empire. In biblical contexts, they are often depicted as conquerors and wise men.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative
Etymology: The word is derived from the Hebrew word Kasdim (כַּשְׂדִּים), referring to the inhabitants of Chaldea. It entered Greek through various ancient Near Eastern languages.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G3122
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MA-lis-TA
Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'
Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ
Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'
G1211
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: DAY
Translations: now, indeed, then, already, certainly, truly, come, go to
Notes: This word is an indeclinable particle used to give emphasis, urgency, or to mark a transition in discourse. It can express a sense of 'now' or 'already', or it can be used to urge someone to action, similar to 'come on' or 'go to'. It often adds a sense of immediacy or certainty to a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΓΕ, ΝΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to emphasize or urge.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G1672
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EL-lay-sin
Translations: to Greeks, for Greeks, by Greeks
Notes: This word refers to Greeks or Hellenes. It is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action, often translated with 'to', 'for', or 'by'. It can refer to people of Greek descent, or more broadly, to those who adopted Greek language and culture, regardless of their ethnic origin.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΛΛΑΔΙ, ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΙΣ
G1985
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: eh-pee-MIG-nyoo-meh-NOHN
Translations: of mingling with, of mixing with, of having intercourse with
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἐπιμίγνυμι', meaning 'to mix with', 'to mingle with', or 'to have intercourse with'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing or has occurred, functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. In this form, it indicates a plural subject that is in the process of mixing or mingling, or has done so.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΙΓΝΥΜΙ, ΣΥΜΜΙΓΝΥΜΙ
G5530
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ekh-RAY-san-toh
Translations: they used, they employed, they treated, they dealt with
Notes: This word means 'they used' or 'they employed'. It describes the action of putting something into service or making use of it. It can also mean 'they treated' or 'they dealt with' someone or something, indicating a manner of interaction. It is often followed by a dative case object, indicating what is being used or how someone is being treated.
Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΧΡΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΧΡΗΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΧΡΑΟΜΑΙ
G5403
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: FOY-nee-kes
Translations: palm trees, palms, a palm tree
Notes: This word refers to palm trees or palm branches. It is used in the plural form to denote multiple palm trees or branches, often in a decorative or symbolic context, such as carvings or architectural elements.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The word ΦΟΙΝΙΞ (phoinix) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the color purple-red and the mythical bird, the phoenix, as well as the land of Phoenicia, all of which may share a common root related to this color or the palm tree itself.
G1121
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: grahm-MAH-sin
Translations: (to) letters, (by) letters, (with) letters, (to) writings, (by) writings, (with) writings, (to) documents, (by) documents, (with) documents
Notes: This word refers to letters of the alphabet, written characters, or more broadly, written documents, scriptures, or records. It is used to indicate the means or instrument by which something is done, or the recipient of an action, in the dative case.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΑΙΣ, ΒΙΒΛΟΙΣ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΑΙΣ
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G0979
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEE-on
Translations: life, a life, livelihood, a livelihood, property, a property
Notes: This word refers to life, especially in its physical sense, or the means by which one lives, such as one's livelihood or property. It can describe the duration of life, the manner of life, or the resources needed for life. In the provided examples, it is used to refer to one's entire life or the means of life.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΨΥΧΗ
G3622
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-koh-noh-MEE-as
Translations: of stewardship, of administration, of management, of a household, of a dispensation, of a plan, of an arrangement
Notes: This word refers to the management of a household or affairs, often implying a system, plan, or administration. It can also denote a divine arrangement or dispensation, a stewardship, or the responsibility of managing something. It is a compound word derived from 'οἶκος' (oikos, house) and 'νόμος' (nomos, law/custom), literally meaning 'house-law' or 'house-management'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΚΟΝΙΑ, ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗ, ΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G2844
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koy-NOHN
Translations: of partners, of sharers, of companions
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun "κοινωνός" (koinōnos), meaning a partner, sharer, or companion. It indicates possession or relationship, often translated as "of partners" or "belonging to partners." It is used to describe something that is shared among or pertains to a group of individuals who are in fellowship or partnership.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΩΝ, ΜΕΤΟΧΩΝ, ΕΤΑΙΡΩΝ
G2041
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ER-gohn
Translations: of works, of deeds, of actions, of tasks
Notes: This word refers to actions, accomplishments, or tasks. It is often used in a broad sense to describe anything that is done or produced, whether good or bad. It can refer to physical labor, moral conduct, or the results of an activity.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΕΩΝ, ΠΟΙΗΜΑΤΩΝ
G3862
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pah-rah-DOH-sin
Translations: tradition, a tradition, handing over, surrender, delivery
Notes: This word refers to something handed down or transmitted, such as a custom, teaching, or doctrine. It can also mean the act of handing over or delivering something, including the surrender of a person or a place. In a general sense, it describes the process or result of passing something from one person or generation to another.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΧΗ, ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑ
G1893
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: ep-AY-day
Translations: since, because, for, inasmuch as, seeing that
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause that provides a reason or cause for the main clause. It can be translated as 'since,' 'because,' or 'for,' indicating a logical connection between events or statements. It is often found at the beginning of a sentence or clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΓΑΡ, ΕΠΕΙ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi, 'upon, on') and the conjunction ἘΠΕΙ (epei, 'when, since'), with the particle ΔΗ (de, 'indeed, now'). It emphasizes the causal relationship.
G4784
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soong-kho-ROO-sin
Translations: they allow, they permit, they agree, they forgive
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to allow, permit, agree, or forgive. It is often used to indicate that someone grants permission or assents to something. It can also imply a concession or an act of forgiveness. In a sentence, it would describe an action performed by multiple subjects.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΕΑΩ, ΕΠΙΤΡΕΠΩ, ΣΥΝΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ
G0537
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-PAN-tes
Translations: all, everyone, the whole, every
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'everyone'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to emphasize the totality or completeness of a group or thing, often translated as 'all without exception' or 'the whole of'. It can be used to describe people or things.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΕΣ, ΟΛΟΙ
Etymology: The word ἅπας (hapas) is a compound of the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the adjective πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. The combination emphasizes the sense of 'all' or 'the whole' in a comprehensive manner.
G1439
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-AH-sehn
Translations: to permit, to allow, to let, to suffer, to leave alone, to let go
Notes: This word means to permit, allow, or suffer something to happen. It can also mean to leave someone or something alone, or to let go. It is used to express giving permission or refraining from interference.
Inflection: Present or Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΧΩΡΈΩ, ἘΠΙΤΡΈΠΩ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G1380
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DOH-koh
Translations: I think, I suppose, I seem, I appear, I believe, I consider, I resolve, I am determined
Notes: This verb means 'to think', 'to suppose', 'to seem', or 'to appear'. It is often used to express an opinion or a perception. It can also imply a decision or resolution, meaning 'to be determined' or 'to resolve'. When used impersonally (it seems), it often takes an infinitive.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΦΑΙΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *dek- meaning 'to take, accept'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to seem good, to think, to suppose'.
G2251
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Part of Speech: Possessive Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-meh-TEH-rohn
Translations: (of) our, (of) ours
Notes: This word is a possessive pronoun meaning 'our' or 'ours'. It indicates possession by a group including the speaker. As a genitive plural, it typically modifies a noun, indicating that the noun belongs to 'us'. For example, 'our house' or 'the house of ours'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΗΜΩΝ
Etymology: The word 'ἡμέτερος' (hēmeteros) comes from 'ἡμεῖς' (hēmeis), meaning 'we'. It is a possessive adjective derived from the first person plural pronoun.
G4269
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-GO-non
Translations: of ancestors, of forefathers, of parents
Notes: This word refers to those who came before, such as ancestors, forefathers, or even parents. It is used to denote a lineage or a preceding generation. In a sentence, it would typically be used to indicate possession or origin, like 'the traditions of our ancestors'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΑΤΕΡΩΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙΩΝ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEEN
Translations: her, it, herself
Notes: This is a third-person personal pronoun, specifically the feminine, singular, accusative form of 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It is used to refer to a feminine noun that is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. It can be translated as 'her' or 'it' (when referring to a feminine object), and sometimes reflexively as 'herself' or 'itself'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G1439
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-oh
Translations: to allow, to permit, to let, to suffer, to give up, to leave, to abandon
Notes: This verb means 'to allow' or 'to permit' someone to do something. It can also mean 'to let go' or 'to leave behind' or 'to abandon'. It is often used to express permission or to indicate that something is left undone or unhindered.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ἈΦΊΗΜΙ, ΣΥΓΧΩΡΈΩ
Etymology: From a prolonged form of the root of G1436 (ἐάω).
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
Sounds like: LEH-gayn
Translations: to say, to speak, to tell
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often translated as 'to say' or 'the act of saying'. It can be used in various constructions where an action is expressed as a concept or purpose.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΙΠΕΙΝ, ΦΗΜΙ
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PLEH-yoh
Translations: more, greater, many, much, a lot
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. 'Πλείω' specifically functions as the comparative form, meaning 'more' or 'greater'. It is used to indicate a larger quantity, degree, or number of something compared to another. It can be used adverbially to mean 'more' or 'further'.
Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular; or Masculine/Feminine/Neuter, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΟΤΕΡΟΣ, ΠΛΕΟΝ
G2046
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-ray-MEH-nohn
Translations: of the things said, of the things spoken, of the things mentioned, of the aforesaid, of the aforementioned
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been said' or 'having been spoken'. It functions like an adjective or a noun, referring to things that have already been stated or mentioned. In this genitive plural form, it typically refers to 'of the things that have been said' or 'of the aforementioned things'. It is often used to refer back to previous statements or topics in a text.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΡΗΘΕΝΤΩΝ, ΛΕΛΑΛΗΜΕΝΩΝ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-poy-AY-san-toh
Translations: they made, they did, they performed, they caused, they produced, they created
Notes: This is the aorist middle indicative, third person plural form of the verb ποιέω (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. In the middle voice, it often implies that the action is done by the subject for themselves, or that the subject causes something to be done for themselves. It describes a completed action in the past, performed by a group of people.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative Mood, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G0749
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-REH-soo-see
Translations: to high priests, for high priests, with high priests, high priests
Notes: This word refers to high priests, who were the chief religious leaders in ancient Israel. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀρχι' (archi), meaning 'chief' or 'first', and 'ἱερεύς' (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It is used to indicate the recipients or beneficiaries of an action, or those accompanying someone, often translated with 'to', 'for', or 'with'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΕΙΣ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΙ
G4396
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-FEE-tays
Translations: to prophets, for prophets
Notes: This word refers to individuals who speak on behalf of God or a deity, often foretelling future events or delivering divine messages. It is used here in the dative plural, indicating the recipients of an action or the beneficiaries of something.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΕΙΣ, ΧΡΗΣΜΟΛΟΓΟΙ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G4367
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-TAK-san-tes
Translations: having commanded, having ordered, having instructed, having enjoined
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προστάσσω' (prostassō), meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It indicates that the subject has performed the action of commanding or ordering. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'The men, having commanded, departed,' where 'having commanded' describes the men.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ
Etymology: The word προστάσσω (prostassō) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards,' and the verb τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange,' 'to order,' or 'to appoint.' Thus, it literally means 'to arrange towards' or 'to set in order for,' which evolved into the meaning 'to command' or 'to order.'
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G3360
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEKH-ree
Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during
Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ
Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: kath
Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning
Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-mas
Translations: us
Notes: This word is the first-person plural pronoun 'we' in the accusative case. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, meaning 'us'. For example, 'He saw us' or 'They spoke to us'.
Inflection: First-person, Plural, Accusative
G5442
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-foo-LAK-tai
Translations: has been guarded, has been kept, has been observed, has been preserved
Notes: This is the third person singular, perfect passive indicative form of the verb φυλάσσω (phylassō), meaning 'to guard', 'to keep', or 'to observe'. In this form, it indicates an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results in the present, specifically that something 'has been guarded' or 'has been kept'. It describes a state of being protected or maintained.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΡΟΥΡΕΩ
Etymology: The word φυλάσσω (phylassō) comes from φύλαξ (phylax), meaning 'a guard' or 'a watcher'.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LEES
Translations: (of) much, (of) great, (of) many, (of) a great (amount)
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'much', 'many', or 'great'. It is used to describe the quantity or extent of something. For example, it can refer to a large amount of something or a great number of people. It is often used in phrases like 'with much peace' or 'of great supply'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΣ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G0195
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-kree-BEY-ahs
Translations: of accuracy, of exactness, of precision, of strictness
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being accurate, exact, or precise. It denotes a state of strictness, thoroughness, or carefulness in judgment, observation, or action. It is used to describe a high degree of correctness or detail.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΚΡΙΒΟΛΟΓΙΑ, ἘΠΙΣΤΑΣΙΑ
G1163
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Part of Speech: Impersonal Verb
Sounds like: DEH-ee
Translations: it is necessary, one must, it is proper, it behooves
Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'one must'. It expresses a strong sense of obligation, necessity, or inevitability. It is often used with an infinitive to indicate what must be done or what is destined to happen.
Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (to shine, to gleam), which developed into the sense of 'to be visible, to appear', and then 'to be proper, to be necessary'.
G2309
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: thrah-SY-teh-ron
Translations: bolder, more audacious, more confident, more reckless, more rashly, more boldly
Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'θρασύς' (thrasys), meaning 'bold' or 'rash'. As an adjective, it describes something as 'bolder' or 'more audacious'. As an adverb, it describes an action performed 'more boldly' or 'more rashly'. It is often used to describe actions or attitudes that are excessively confident, daring, or even reckless.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Adverb, Comparative
Synonyms: ΤΟΛΜΗΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΑΥΘΑΔΕΣΤΕΡΟΝ
Etymology: The root word 'θρασύς' (thrasys) comes from 'θράσος' (thrasos), meaning 'boldness' or 'courage'. It is related to the verb 'θράσσω' (thrassō), meaning 'to trouble' or 'to stir up'.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ay-PINE
Translations: to say, to speak, to tell
Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive verb meaning 'to say', 'to speak', or 'to tell'. It is used to express the action of speaking or communicating something, often in a general sense without specifying the subject or object of the action. It can be used in various constructions, such as after verbs of commanding or desiring, or to express purpose.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΕΙΝ, ΛΑΛΕΙΝ, ΦΑΝΑΙ
Etymology: ΕἸΠΕΙΝ is the aorist infinitive of the verb ΕἸΠΩ, which is a suppletive aorist form used with the present tense verbs ΛΕΓΩ and ΦΗΜΙ. Its origin traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking or declaring.
G5442
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: foo-lakh-thee-SEH-tai
Translations: will be guarded, will be kept, will be preserved, will be observed
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be guarded,' 'to be kept,' or 'to be preserved.' It is used to describe something that will be protected or maintained in the future. It can also refer to observing or keeping a law or command.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΤΗΡΗΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ, ΔΙΑΤΗΡΗΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ
G3985
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pei-RAH-so-mai
Translations: I will try, I will attempt, I will test, I will tempt
Notes: This word is the first person singular future middle indicative form of the verb 'πειράζω'. It means 'I will try' or 'I will attempt', often with the nuance of trying something for oneself or making an effort. It can also mean 'I will test' or 'I will tempt', depending on the context.
Inflection: Future, Middle, Indicative, First Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΩ
G4935
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: soon-TOH-mohs
Translations: briefly, concisely, quickly, soon
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'briefly' or 'quickly'. It describes the manner in which an action is performed, indicating that something happens in a short amount of time or in a concise manner. For example, it can describe speaking briefly or an event happening soon.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΤΑΧΕΩΣ, ΕΝ ΤΑΧΕΙ
Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΤΟΜΩΣ is derived from the adjective ΣΥΝΤΟΜΟΣ (syntomos), which means 'cut short' or 'brief'. It is a compound word formed from ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and ΤΕΜΝΩ (temnō), meaning 'to cut'.
G1321
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-DAS-kane
Translations: to teach, to instruct, to explain
Notes: This word means to teach, instruct, or explain. It is used to describe the act of imparting knowledge, skill, or doctrine to others. It can refer to formal teaching in a classroom setting or more general instruction and guidance.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΠΑΙΔΕΥΩ, ΚΑΤΗΧΕΩ
Etymology: From an iterative form of δάω (daō, "to learn").
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