2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOY-noon

Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so then

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate a logical consequence or transition. It often introduces a conclusion, a summary, or a new point that follows from what has just been said. It can be translated as 'therefore,' 'then,' or 'accordingly,' signaling that what follows is a result or a logical next step.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the demonstrative particle τοι (toi), meaning 'indeed, surely,' and the enclitic particle νυν (nun), meaning 'now, then.' It emphasizes a logical connection or consequence.

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G1921

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-MIK-see-aiss

Translations: (to) mixing, (to) association, (to) intercourse, (to) communication, (to) a mixing, (to) an association, (to) an intercourse, (to) a communication

Notes: This word refers to a mixing, association, or intercourse, often implying social interaction or communication. It describes the act of coming together or having dealings with others. In the provided example, it refers to the interactions or dealings with other people.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑ, ΣΥΝΑΝΑΣΤΡΟΦΗ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΜΙΞΙΑ (epimixia) is a compound word formed from the prefix ἘΠΙ- (epi-), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and ΜΙΞΙΣ (mixis), meaning 'a mixing' or 'mingling'.

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-no-kee-SMEH-nai

Translations: settled, colonized, established

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been settled' or 'having been colonized'. It describes something that has been established or made into a dwelling place, often referring to a city or a region that has been populated. It is used to describe the state of something after a process of settlement or colonization has occurred.

Inflection: Plural, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative

Etymology: The word ἀνοικίζω (anoikizō) is derived from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and οἰκίζω (oikizō), meaning 'to settle' or 'to colonize'. Thus, it implies a process of settling or establishing a dwelling place.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3552

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: NEH-moh-meh-noy

Translations: feeding, pasturing, grazing, dwelling, inhabiting, distributing, apportioning

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'nemō'. It describes an action of feeding, pasturing, or grazing, often referring to animals. It can also imply dwelling or inhabiting a place, or metaphorically, distributing or apportioning something. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to describe someone or something that is performing the action of feeding or dwelling.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΒΟΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ, ΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΔΙΑΝΕΜΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The verb 'nemō' (νέμω) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to distribute, allot, take'. It originally referred to the distribution of land or resources, and later extended to the pasturing of animals, as land was allotted for grazing.

G1658

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-po-NOO-men

Translations: we toil, we labor, we exert ourselves, we work hard

Notes: This word describes the act of toiling, laboring, or exerting oneself with great effort. It implies a strenuous and often difficult kind of work. It is used to express that a group of people (specifically 'we') are engaged in such an activity.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΕΩ, ΚΟΠΙΑΩ

Etymology: The word ἐκπονέω (ekponeō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb πονέω (poneō), meaning 'to toil' or 'to labor'. Thus, it signifies to 'labor out' or 'toil thoroughly'.

G3122

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MA-lis-TA

Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'

Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G5442

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: foo-LAT-tayn

Translations: to guard, to keep, to observe, to protect, to preserve, to watch over

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to guard, keep, or protect. It can be used in various contexts, such as guarding a place, keeping a command or law, observing a custom, or protecting someone from harm. It implies a sense of careful oversight and preservation.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ comes from the Greek word φύλαξ (phylax), meaning 'a guard' or 'a watcher'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G3860

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-de-do-ME-neen

Translations: delivered, handed over, transmitted, entrusted, committed, betrayed, a delivered one, a handed over one, a transmitted one

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'παραδίδωμι' (paradidōmi), meaning 'to hand over,' 'to deliver,' 'to transmit,' or 'to entrust.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been delivered or handed over. It can refer to traditions, teachings, or even people who have been delivered or betrayed.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Feminine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΗΝ, ΕΓΧΕΙΡΙΣΘΕΙΣΑΝ, ΠΑΡΕΔΟΘΕΙΣΑΝ

Etymology: The word παραδίδωμι (paradidōmi) is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside,' 'alongside,' or 'from,' and the verb δίδωμι (didōmi), meaning 'to give.' Thus, it literally means 'to give alongside' or 'to hand over.'

G2041

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ER-gon

Translations: work, a work, deed, act, task, business

Notes: This word refers to a work, deed, or action. It can describe anything that is done, whether it's a physical labor, a moral act, or a task to be accomplished. It is often used to denote the result of an action or the activity itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΙΣ, ΔΟΥΛΕΙΑ, ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'ergon' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-, meaning 'to do' or 'to work'. It is related to English words like 'work' and 'energy'.

G0316

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-nang-KAI-oh-tah-ton

Translations: most necessary, most important, most urgent, a most necessary thing, a most important thing

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'ἀναγκαῖος' (anagkaios), meaning 'necessary' or 'important'. As a superlative, it indicates the highest degree of necessity or importance. It can be used to describe something that is absolutely essential, indispensable, or of paramount significance. For example, it might describe the most crucial task, the most vital resource, or the most pressing matter.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Superlative

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΚΑΙΟΤΑΤΟΣ, ἈΝΑΓΚΑΙΟΤΑΤΗ

Etymology: The word ἀναγκαῖος (anagkaios) comes from ἀνάγκη (anankē), meaning 'necessity' or 'compulsion'. The suffix -τατος (-tatos) is used to form the superlative degree of adjectives in Greek.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G0979

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BEE-oo

Translations: of life, of livelihood, of means of living, a life

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΒΙΟΣ' (bios), which refers to life, especially in the sense of one's earthly existence, way of life, or means of living. It can also refer to one's livelihood or possessions. As a genitive form, 'ΒΙΟΥ' often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of life' or 'of livelihood' depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΖΩΗΝ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷih₃-wo-s, meaning 'living'. It is related to the verb 'ζάω' (zaō), meaning 'to live'.

G4160

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peh-poy-AY-meh-noy

Translations: having been made, having been done, having been produced, having been appointed

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'poieō', meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been made or done. It indicates a completed action whose result is still in effect, and the subject of the participle is the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΚΤΙΖΩ

G4317

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-OO-sees

Translations: being present, being near, belonging to, of being present, of being near, of belonging to

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'πρόσειμι', meaning 'to be present', 'to be near', or 'to belong to'. It describes something that is currently existing in a particular place or context, or something that is closely associated with or pertains to something else. It often implies an active state of presence or attachment.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΥΣΗΣ, ΣΥΝΟΥΣΗΣ

G2046

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: ee-RAY-may-noys

Translations: spoken, said, what has been said, things said, words spoken

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'to speak' or 'to say'. It describes something that has already been spoken or said. It is often used substantively, meaning 'the things that have been said' or 'the words spoken'. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative plural, indicating 'to/for the things that have been said'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΦΑΝΕΝΟΙΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G4160

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: poy-OON

Translations: doing, making, producing, performing, creating, a doer, a maker

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'to do' or 'to make'. It describes someone or something that is currently performing an action. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the one doing'), or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the doer'). It indicates an ongoing or habitual action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩΝ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΟΙΕΩ comes from Proto-Hellenic *poďďéō, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoy-éh₁-ti, meaning 'to make, to build'.

G1906

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-MIX-ee-an

Translations: intercourse, association, communication, mingling, a mingling

Notes: This word refers to the act of mingling, associating, or having intercourse with others. It describes the interaction or communication between people or groups. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, in addition to) and 'μῖξις' (mixing, mingling).

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑ, ΣΥΝΑΝΑΚΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΜΙΞΙΑ (epimixia) is derived from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the noun μῖξις (mixis), meaning 'mixing' or 'mingling'. It describes the act of mixing or associating with others.

G5618

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G1806

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eks-ah-GOH-men-ah

Translations: being led out, being brought out, being driven out, being taken out, being expelled

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being led out' or 'being brought out'. It describes something that is in the process of being taken or driven out from somewhere. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can act as a noun itself, referring to 'those things being led out' or 'the things being brought out'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb 'ἄγω' (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΦΕΡΟΜΕΝΑ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΟΜΕΝΑ

G1521

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eis-ah-GOH-men-ah

Translations: things being brought in, things being introduced, things being led in

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being brought in' or 'being introduced'. It describes something that is in the process of being brought into a place or situation. As a neuter plural, it often refers to 'things' or 'matters' that are being introduced or brought forward.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕἸΣΦΕΡΟΜΕΝΑ, ἘΜΠΙΠΤΟΝΤΑ

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣΑΓΩ (eisagō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ἈΓΩ (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'.

G5403

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: foy-NEE-kays

Translations: of Phoenicia

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Phoenicia, an ancient civilization situated on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It is used to denote the region or its people, often in a geographical or administrative context, as seen in phrases like 'the province of Phoenicia'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The word Φοινίκη (Phoinikē) is derived from the Greek word φοῖνιξ (phoinix), which can refer to the date palm tree or the color purple-red. The region was known for its purple dye production and its date palms.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G2585

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-pee-LI-as

Translations: of peddling, of huckstering, of corrupting, of adulterating, of trafficking, of merchandising

Notes: This word refers to the act of peddling, huckstering, or engaging in petty trade, often with the negative connotation of dishonest gain or corrupting something for profit. It implies a mercenary spirit, where one might adulterate or corrupt something for personal advantage, particularly in a spiritual or moral sense. It describes the practice of making a profit by selling goods, but often with the implication of deceit or exploitation.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΡΙΑ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΕΙΑ

G3376, G3378

Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: MAYN

Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly

Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.

Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ

Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-loy

Translations: others, some others, different ones

Notes: This word refers to other people or things, distinct from those already mentioned or implied. It is used to indicate a difference or distinction between entities. For example, it can be used to say 'some others' or 'different ones' in a sentence.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine; or Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G4119

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PLEH-on

Translations: more, a greater amount, a greater number, further, moreover, besides

Notes: This word signifies 'more' or 'greater' and can function as both an adjective and an adverb. As an adjective, it describes a larger quantity or degree of something. As an adverb, it indicates an increase in action or extent, often translated as 'further' or 'moreover'. It is the neuter singular form of the adjective 'πλέων'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΜΑΛΛΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'πλέων' (pleōn) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to fill' or 'full'. It is related to words signifying abundance or completion.

G0515

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ax-ee-O-oon

Translations: to think worthy, to deem worthy, to consider worthy, to ask, to demand, to request

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to consider someone or something worthy, or to deem them deserving of something. It can also mean to ask for something as if by right, or to demand. It is often used in contexts where a person is requesting something with a sense of entitlement or a belief in their own worthiness.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑἸΤΈΩ, ΔΈΟΜΑΙ, ΖΗΤΈΩ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἄξιος (axios), meaning 'worthy' or 'deserving'. The verb form means 'to deem worthy' or 'to consider worthy'.

G5157

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-TRAH-pay-sahn

Translations: they turned, they were turned, they turned themselves, they were changed, they were put to flight

Notes: This word describes an action of turning or being turned. It can mean to turn oneself, to be turned, to change direction, or to be put to flight. It is often used to indicate a change in course, direction, or even a change in one's state or mind, sometimes implying a turning away or a rout.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΦΕΥΓΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G3962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PAH-teh-res

Translations: fathers, parents, ancestors

Notes: This word refers to male parents, or more broadly, to ancestors or forefathers. It can also be used in a spiritual sense to refer to spiritual leaders or founders. In a sentence, it would typically function as the subject or direct address.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΓΟΝΟΙ, ΓΟΝΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΑΤΗΡ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'father'. It is a very ancient word found across many Indo-European languages.

G2543

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: KAI-toy

Translations: and yet, although, though, nevertheless, yet, even though

Notes: ΚΑΙΤΟΙ is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or qualifies what has just been said. It often implies a sense of 'and yet' or 'nevertheless,' indicating a concession or a surprising fact. It can be used to introduce a counter-argument or to emphasize a point despite previous information.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΠΕΡ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ

Etymology: ΚΑΙΤΟΙ is a compound word formed from the conjunction ΚΑΙ (kai, 'and, also, even') and the particle ΤΟΙ (toi, 'indeed, surely'). It emphasizes the 'and yet' or 'nevertheless' aspect.

G5561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHO-ras

Translations: of a country, of a region, of a land, of a place, of the country, of the region, of the land, of the place, countries, regions, lands, places

Notes: This word refers to a country, region, land, or place. It is often used to denote a specific geographical area or territory. In its genitive singular form, it indicates possession or origin, such as 'of a country' or 'from a region'. It can also function as the nominative or accusative plural, meaning 'countries' or 'regions'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΓΗ

G2192

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ekh-OO-sees

Translations: of having, of possessing, of holding, of a woman having, of a woman possessing, of a woman holding

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have', 'to hold', or 'to possess'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is in the act of having or possessing. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate a continuous state of possession or holding. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the woman having the book' or 'the land possessing all things'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΗΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΥΣΗΣ

Etymology: The word ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to have').

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G0889

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: ah-TOL-mohn

Translations: timid, cowardly, unadventurous, shrinking, irresolute, without courage

Notes: This word is a present active participle, functioning as an adjective, meaning 'timid' or 'cowardly'. It describes someone who lacks boldness or courage, or who shrinks from a task or danger. It can be used to describe a person's character or their behavior in a specific situation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΛΟΣ, ΑΦΟΒΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἀτολμάω (atolmaō) is a compound word formed from the privative prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and τολμάω (tolmaō), meaning 'to dare' or 'to be bold'. Thus, it literally means 'not daring' or 'without boldness'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G5403

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: FOY-nee-kes

Translations: palm trees, palms, a palm tree

Notes: This word refers to palm trees or palm branches. It is used in the plural form to denote multiple palm trees or branches, often in a decorative or symbolic context, such as carvings or architectural elements.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The word ΦΟΙΝΙΞ (phoinix) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the color purple-red and the mythical bird, the phoenix, as well as the land of Phoenicia, all of which may share a common root related to this color or the palm tree itself.

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G1712

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: em-po-REE-an

Translations: trade, a trade, commerce, merchandise

Notes: This word refers to the act of trading or engaging in commerce, as well as the goods or merchandise involved in such activities. It describes the business of buying and selling, often on a large scale, and can also refer to the profit or gain derived from trade.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΡΙΟΝ, ΕΜΠΟΡΕΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ἐμπορεύομαι (emporeuomai), meaning 'to travel for trade' or 'to engage in trade', which is derived from ἐν (en, 'in') and πόρος (poros, 'passage, way').

G1901, G1519, G4126

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peis-PLEH-on-tes

Translations: sailing in upon, sailing in besides, sailing in addition, sailing into

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the prefixes 'ἐπί' (upon, besides), 'εἰς' (into), and the verb 'πλέω' (to sail). It describes the action of sailing into a place, or sailing in addition to or alongside something else. It implies movement by water towards or into a specific location, often with the nuance of arriving or intruding.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eg-NOHS-thee-san

Translations: they were known, they became known, they were recognized

Notes: This word means 'they were known' or 'they became known'. It describes a past action where a group of people or things came to be understood or recognized by others. It is used to indicate that something or someone was made evident or became familiar.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ἘΦΑΝΕΡΩΘΗΣΑΝ, ἘΔΗΛΩΘΗΣΑΝ

Etymology: The root word ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ (ginosko) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- meaning 'to know'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G1565

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-nohn

Translations: of those, of them, those

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'those'. In this inflected form, it indicates possession or origin, translating to 'of those' or 'of them'. It is used to refer to people or things that are distant in space or time, or to distinguish them from others. For example, it might be used in a phrase like 'the houses of those people' or 'the events of those days'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΩΝ, ΤΟΥΤΩΝ

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AF

Translations: from, away from, by, of

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΑΠΟ (APO), which means 'from' or 'away from'. The final vowel of ΑΠΟ is dropped (elided) when it precedes a word that begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the apostrophe-like symbol over the vowel). It indicates separation, origin, or cause, often translated as 'from' or 'away from'. It can also denote the agent 'by' or the source 'of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab, English off, and German ab.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G1264

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-KO-mee-zon

Translations: they were carrying through, they were conveying, they were transporting

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb κομίζω (komizo), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bring'. Therefore, διεκομίζον means 'they were carrying through' or 'they were conveying across'. It describes an action of transporting something from one place to another, often implying a journey or passage.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΜΕΤΑΦΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word διακομίζω (diakomizo) is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and κομίζω (komizo), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bring'. The root κομίζω comes from κομέω (komeo), meaning 'to take care of' or 'to attend to'.

G3370

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: MAY-doy

Translations: Medes, (to) Medes

Notes: This word refers to the Medes, an ancient people who inhabited Media, an area in what is now northwestern Iran. They were a significant power in the ancient Near East, often associated with the Persians, with whom they formed the Medo-Persian Empire. In a sentence, it would typically be used to refer to the people themselves, often in a plural form.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Dative or Vocative

Etymology: The word 'Μῆδος' (Medos) is derived from the ancient region of Media, which was named after its inhabitants, the Medes. The origin of the name of the people themselves is not definitively known.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G2525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tes-TEE-san

Translations: they appointed, they established, they set, they put, they made

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to appoint, establish, set, or put someone or something in a particular position or state. It is often used in contexts where authority is given or a structure is put in place. For example, it can describe appointing officials, establishing laws, or setting up a system. It is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb καθίστημι.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΟΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word καθίστημι (kathistēmi) is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. Together, they convey the sense of setting something down firmly or establishing it.

G1849

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ep-ARX-an-tes

Translations: having begun, having ruled over, having presided over, having been in charge of

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'eparchō', meaning 'to begin', 'to rule over', or 'to preside over'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed by the subject, often translated as 'having begun' or 'having ruled'. It indicates someone who has taken the lead, initiated an action, or exercised authority over something or someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΗΓΕΜΟΝΕΥΣΑΝΤΕΣ

G3360

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during

Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ

Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.

G2977

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ay-PEI-roo

Translations: of the mainland, of the continent, of the dry land

Notes: This word refers to a mainland, continent, or dry land, as opposed to an island or the sea. It is used to describe a large continuous area of land. In the provided examples, it refers to Asia as a continent, a region of Canaan, and the dry land that appeared when the Red Sea parted.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΗ, ΧΩΡΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἤπειρος (ḗpeiros, “mainland”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂p- (“to sit”).

G4754

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: strah-TEV-san-tes

Translations: having campaigned, having served as a soldier, having gone to war, having made war, having fought

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'στρατεύω', meaning 'to serve as a soldier' or 'to go to war'. It describes an action that has already taken place, indicating that the subject has engaged in military service or warfare. It is often used to describe groups of people who have undertaken a military expedition or fought in a battle.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΕΩ, ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ

G1069

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAY-toh-NEE-ahn

Translations: neighborhood, a neighborhood, vicinity, a vicinity

Notes: This word refers to a neighborhood, a surrounding area, or a vicinity. It describes the area where people live close to each other or the immediate surroundings of a place. It is used to indicate a specific locality or the general area around something.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΟΙΚΙΑ, ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

Etymology: From the word γείτων (geitōn), meaning 'neighbor', which itself comes from γῆ (gē), meaning 'earth' or 'land', and a suffix indicating proximity. It refers to the land or area near someone.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eg-NOHS-thay

Translations: was known, became known, was made known

Notes: This word is a verb in the aorist passive indicative form. It means 'was known' or 'became known', indicating that something came to be understood or recognized by others. It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject of the verb is the one being known, rather than the one doing the knowing.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΦΑΝΕΡΩΘΗ, ΕΔΗΛΩΘΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to know'. It is related to the English word 'know' and Latin 'gnoscere'.

G4126

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: PLEH-on-ton

Translations: of those sailing, of those traveling by sea, of those voyaging

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to sail' or 'to travel by sea'. It describes an action being performed by a group of people. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, referring to 'those who are sailing' or 'those who are traveling by sea'. It functions like a noun in the genitive case, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΝΑΥΤΩΝ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *plew- 'to flow, to sail'. Cognate with Latin pluit ('it rains'), Old English flōwan ('to flow'), and English 'flow'.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G0537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PAN-tes

Translations: all, everyone, the whole, every

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'everyone'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to emphasize the totality or completeness of a group or thing, often translated as 'all without exception' or 'the whole of'. It can be used to describe people or things.

Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΕΣ, ΟΛΟΙ

Etymology: The word ἅπας (hapas) is a compound of the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the adjective πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. The combination emphasizes the sense of 'all' or 'the whole' in a comprehensive manner.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G2281

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tha-LAHT-tan

Translations: sea, a sea, lake, a lake

Notes: This word refers to a body of water, specifically a sea or a lake. It is commonly used to describe large expanses of water, such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Sea of Galilee. It can also refer to the 'sea' as a general concept or a specific body of water.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ, ΛΙΜΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΘΑΛΑΣΣΑ is of pre-Greek origin, meaning it existed in the region before the arrival of Greek speakers. It is a common term for 'sea' in Greek.

G0395

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-toh-LAIS

Translations: (to) the east, (at) the east, (in) the east, (to) the sunrise, (at) the sunrise, (in) the sunrise, (to) the rising, (at) the rising, (in) the rising

Notes: This word refers to the direction where the sun rises, commonly known as the east. It can also refer to the act of the sun rising, or the dawn. It is often used in a geographical sense to denote the eastern regions or lands.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΤΟΛΗ

Etymology: From the verb ἀνατέλλω (anatellō), meaning 'to rise up' or 'to cause to rise'. It combines ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up', and τέλλω (tellō), meaning 'to accomplish' or 'to rise'.

G2730

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: kah-toy-KOON-tes

Translations: dwelling, inhabiting, residing, living, those who dwell, those who inhabit, those who reside, those who live

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'katoikeō', meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It describes someone or something that is currently dwelling or residing in a place. When used as a noun, it refers to 'those who dwell' or 'the inhabitants' of a particular area. It is often used to describe people living in a specific region or on the earth.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΝΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G4933

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soong-grah-FEIN

Translations: to write, to compose, to compile, to record

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb γράφω (grapho, meaning 'to write'). It means to write together, to compile, or to compose a written work. It is often used in the context of writing histories, books, or official documents.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΣΥΝΤΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΓΡΑΦΩ (grapho), meaning 'to write'. The combination implies writing something in a compiled or comprehensive manner.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G1014

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: boo-LOH-meh-noys

Translations: to those wishing, to those desiring, to those intending, for those wishing, for those desiring, for those intending

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'βούλομαι', meaning 'to wish' or 'to desire'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who is in the act of wishing or desiring. In this form, it refers to 'those who are wishing' or 'those who are desiring', often implying a purpose or intention. It is used to indicate the recipients or beneficiaries of an action, or the group to whom something applies, because they possess the characteristic of wishing or desiring.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Dative Case, Plural Number, Masculine or Neuter Gender

Synonyms: ΘΕΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΟΥΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: From the root *bol-, meaning 'to throw, to cast', related to the idea of 'casting one's mind' or 'deliberating'. It is connected to the concept of deliberate intention or purpose.

G1111

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: gno-ree-MOH-teh-roy

Translations: more known, better known, more notable, more familiar, more acquainted

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'more known' or 'more familiar'. It is the comparative form of 'γνώριμος' (gnorimos), which means 'known' or 'familiar'. It describes something or someone that is more widely recognized, understood, or acquainted with than others. It can be used to compare the level of familiarity or notoriety between two or more entities.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; or Feminine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΝΩΣΤΟΤΕΡΟΙ, ΕΠΙΣΗΜΟΤΕΡΟΙ

G0509

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ah-no-TEH-roh

Translations: above, higher, upward, further up, previously, before

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'above' or 'higher'. It can refer to a physical location that is elevated, or it can refer to something mentioned previously in a text or discourse, meaning 'as mentioned above' or 'earlier'. It is the comparative form of the adverb 'ἈΝΩ' (ano), meaning 'up' or 'upwards'.

Inflection: Comparative Adverb, Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΕΠΑΝΩ, ΥΠΕΡΑΝΩ

Etymology: From the adverb ἈΝΩ (ano), meaning 'up' or 'upwards'. The suffix -τερω indicates a comparative degree, similar to '-er' in English.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: EKH-on-tes

Translations: having, holding, possessing, those who have, while having

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of having, holding, or possessing something. It functions like an adjective or adverb, providing additional information about the subject of a sentence, often translated as 'having' or 'those who have'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΕΣ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G5316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: fah-EE-neh-tai

Translations: appears, seems, is seen, is evident

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to appear' or 'to seem'. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it appears' or 'it seems that...'. It can also mean 'to be seen' or 'to become visible'. It describes something that becomes evident or manifest.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΕΚΦΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΑΙΝΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- meaning 'to shine'. It is related to words signifying light, appearance, and manifestation.

G2932

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: kek-TEE-may-nays

Translations: of having obtained, of having possessed, of possessing, of acquiring

Notes: This word is a perfect participle, meaning 'having obtained' or 'having possessed'. It describes someone or something that has already acquired or come into possession of something. As a participle, it functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself. In this form, it is genitive, indicating possession or relationship.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Perfect Participle

Synonyms: ΕΧΟΥΣΗΣ, ΛΑΒΟΥΣΗΣ

G4172

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: po-le-mi-KAS

Translations: warlike, military, hostile, a warlike, a military, a hostile

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'warlike,' 'military,' or 'hostile.' It describes something related to war or conflict, or someone who is aggressive or inclined to fight. It can be used to describe people, actions, or equipment.

Inflection: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ, ΠΟΛΕΜΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ (polemos) means 'war' or 'battle.' The adjective ΠΟΛΕΜΙΚΟΣ (polemikos) is derived from it, meaning 'pertaining to war' or 'warlike.'

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OOTH

Translations: no one, nothing, none, not at all, by no means

Notes: This word is a shortened or truncated form of the negative pronoun/adjective ΟΥ̓ΘΕΙΣ (outheis) or ΟΥ̓ΘΕΝ (outhen). It means 'no one', 'nothing', or 'none'. It is used to express absolute negation, indicating the complete absence of something or someone. It can function as a pronoun (e.g., 'no one did it') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'no thing happened').

Inflection: This is a shortened form, likely representing various inflections of ΟΥ̓ΘΕΙΣ or ΟΥ̓ΘΕΝ depending on context. It can represent Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive cases, and Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter genders, as well as Singular or Plural forms.

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΙΣ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: heh-ROD-oh-toss

Translations: Herodotus

Notes: This word refers to Herodotus, the ancient Greek historian from Halicarnassus. He is known as the 'Father of History' and authored 'The Histories', a detailed account of the Greco-Persian Wars. The word is used to refer to the person himself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Herodotus is of Greek origin, derived from the elements 'Hērō' (hero) and 'dotos' (given, from the verb 'didōmi' meaning 'to give'). Thus, it means 'given by a hero' or 'gift of Hera'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: thoo-koo-DEE-dees

Translations: Thucydides

Notes: Thucydides was an ancient Athenian historian and general. His 'History of the Peloponnesian War' recounts the 5th-century BC war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BC. He is often regarded as the father of 'scientific history' because of his strict standards of evidence-gathering and analysis of cause and effect.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Thucydides is of Greek origin, meaning 'famous in battle' or 'renowned for strength'. It is derived from the elements 'thoukos' (courage, spirit) and 'dides' (from 'didomi', to give, or related to 'dios', divine).

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nohn

Translations: having become, having happened, having come to pass, of those who became, of those who happened

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, often indicating an action that has already occurred. It can describe a state of being or an event that has taken place.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΩΝ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ

Etymology: The word 'ginomai' comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey ideas of generation, birth, or becoming.

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G3421

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: em-nay-mo-NEV-ken

Translations: he has remembered, she has remembered, it has remembered, he remembered, she remembered, it remembered

Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb μνημονεύω (mnēmoneuō), meaning 'to remember' or 'to call to mind'. It indicates an action completed in the past with continuing results in the present. It is used to state that someone or something has remembered or kept in mind a particular fact or event.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΩ, ΑΝΑΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΩ

G3796

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OP-seh

Translations: late, in the evening, at evening, evening

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'late' or 'in the evening'. It is used to indicate a time of day, specifically the latter part of the day or night. It can describe when an event occurs, such as 'he arrived late' or 'they departed in the evening'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ὈΨΙΑ

Etymology: From the same root as ὈΨΙΟΣ (opsios), meaning 'late'. It is related to the concept of 'seeing' or 'appearing', as the evening is when things become less visible or 'appear' later in the day.

G4218

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PO-teh

Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.

G3433

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MOH-lees

Translations: with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely, just, only just

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates something is done with great effort or difficulty, or that it happens only just in time or to a very limited extent. It can convey the idea of something barely happening or being achieved. For example, 'he barely escaped' or 'they arrived only just'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΩΣ, ΣΧΕΔΟΝ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Greek word μόλος (molos), meaning 'toil' or 'struggle'.

G1108

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GNO-sis

Translations: knowledge, a knowledge

Notes: This word refers to knowledge, understanding, or insight. It is often used in a general sense to denote intellectual apprehension or awareness, but in a religious context, it can refer to spiritual knowledge or discernment. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΟΦΙΑ, ΕΠΙΓΝΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb γινώσκω (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to come to know'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-, meaning 'to know'.

G1330

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eks-AYL-then

Translations: went through, passed through, went out through, came out through, traversed, went over, went about

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefixes διά (through) and ἐξ (out of) combined with the verb ἔρχομαι (to come/go). It means to go or pass through something, often implying a complete traversal or examination. It can be used to describe moving through a physical space, or metaphorically, to go through an experience or topic.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΕΒΗ, ΔΙΗΛΘΕΝ, ΕΞΗΛΘΕΝ

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-BAY-rohn

Translations: of the Iberians, Iberians

Notes: This word refers to the Iberians, an ancient people who inhabited the Iberian Peninsula (modern-day Spain and Portugal) and also parts of the Caucasus region. It is used to denote a group of people or their origin. As a proper noun, it identifies a specific ethnic or geographical group.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The word 'Ἰβήρ' (Ibēr) is of ancient Greek origin, referring to the inhabitants of Iberia. The term was used by ancient Greeks and Romans to describe the peoples and lands of the Iberian Peninsula and, in some contexts, a region in the Caucasus.

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: doh-KOON-tes

Translations: seeming, appearing, thinking, supposing, reputed, those who seem, those who think

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'δοκέω'. It describes someone or something that 'seems' or 'appears' to be a certain way, or 'thinks' or 'supposes' something. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, meaning 'those who seem' or 'those who think'. It often implies a subjective perception or a widely held opinion.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word δοκέω (dokeō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dek-, meaning 'to take, accept, receive'. Over time, its meaning evolved in Greek to 'seem, appear, think, suppose', reflecting the idea of forming an opinion or perception.

G0001

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-kree-BES-tah-toy

Translations: most accurate, most exact, most precise, most strict, most careful

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'ἀκριβής' (akribēs), meaning 'accurate' or 'exact'. It describes something or someone as being 'most accurate', 'most exact', 'most precise', or 'most strict'. It is used to emphasize the highest degree of precision, care, or strictness in a given context.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΚΡΙΒΕΙΑ, ΕΞΑΚΡΙΒΩΣΙΣ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΣΤΑΤΟΙ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: EH-fo-ros

Translations: Ephorus

Notes: Ephorus was an ancient Greek historian from Cyme, Aeolis, who lived in the 4th century BC. He was a student of Isocrates and wrote a universal history in 30 books, covering the period from the return of the Heracleidae to the siege of Perinthus (340 BC). His work is now lost, but it was widely used by later historians.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Ephorus (Ἔφορος) is derived from the Greek words ἐπί (epi, meaning 'over' or 'upon') and ὁράω (horaō, meaning 'to see' or 'to watch'). It literally means 'overseer' or 'guardian'.

G5620

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: HOH-steh

Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G3392

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mee-AH-n

Translations: to defile, to pollute, to contaminate, to stain

Notes: This word describes the act of making something unclean, impure, or unholy. It can refer to physical defilement, such as staining or polluting, or to moral and spiritual defilement, such as corrupting or profaning. It is often used in a religious context to describe ritual impurity or sin.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΟΛΥΝΩ, ΡΥΠΑΙΝΩ, ΒΕΒΗΛΟΩ

Etymology: The word 'μιαίνω' (miainō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the concept of defilement and impurity.

G5118

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: toh-SOO-toh

Translations: so great, so much, so large, so far, to such an extent, a thing so great

Notes: This word is an adjective that indicates a quantity, degree, or extent. It means 'so great' or 'so much' and is used to emphasize the magnitude of something. It can also be used adverbially to mean 'to such an extent' or 'so far'. For example, it might describe how much something has grown or how far a situation has progressed.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΟΣΟΣ, ΤΗΛΙΚΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ is derived from the demonstrative pronoun ΤΟΣΟΣ (meaning 'so much, so great') combined with the suffix -ΟΥΤΟΣ, which intensifies the demonstrative meaning.

G3313

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MEH-ross

Translations: part, a part, share, a share, portion, a portion, region, a region, side, a side

Notes: This word refers to a part, share, or portion of something. It can also denote a region or a side. It is commonly used to indicate a division or segment of a whole, or a specific area or direction.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΤΜΗΜΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *smer- 'to allot, assign'. It is related to the verb μείρομαι (meiromai), meaning 'to receive one's share'.

G1659

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ess-PEH-ree-oo

Translations: of evening, of the west, western, evening

Notes: This word describes something related to the evening or the west. It can be used to refer to a time of day (evening) or a geographical direction (western). For example, it might describe a 'western gate' or an 'evening meal'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΤΙΚΟΣ, ΕΣΠΕΡΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΣΠΕΡΙΟΣ (hesperios) comes from the noun ἑσπέρα (hespera), meaning 'evening' or 'west'. It is related to the concept of the setting sun.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

G1096

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-nah

Translations: having become, having come into being, having happened, things that have happened, events, happenings

Notes: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΑ is the aorist middle/passive participle of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' or 'to happen.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In its neuter plural form, it often refers to 'things that have happened' or 'events.' It can be used in various grammatical cases depending on its role in the sentence, often functioning as the subject or object of a clause.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑ, ΣΥΜΒΑΝΤΑ

Etymology: The verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-, meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth.' It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generate' in English.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: khro-MEH-non

Translations: using, employing, having dealings with, associating with, of those using, of those employing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'χράομαι', meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'. It describes someone who is in the act of using or dealing with something or someone. It often implies a relationship or interaction, such as 'associating with' or 'having dealings with'. In the genitive plural form, as seen here, it typically translates to 'of those who are using' or 'of those who are employing'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΧΟΝΤΩΝ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΩΝ

G0159

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: ai-TI-on

Translations: cause, a cause, reason, a reason, responsible, guilty, blame

Notes: This word refers to the cause or reason for something, or someone who is responsible or guilty for an action or outcome. It can function as both a noun, meaning 'a cause' or 'a reason,' and as an adjective, meaning 'responsible' or 'guilty.' It is often used to identify the origin or source of an event or state.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑἸΤΙΑ, ΠΡΟΦΑΣΙΣ, ΑΡΧΗ

Etymology: The word originates from the Greek verb αἰτέω (aitéō), meaning 'to ask, beg, or demand.' Over time, it evolved to refer to that which is asked for or demanded as a reason or cause.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: gih-GNO-skeen

Translations: to know, to understand, to perceive, to learn

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō). It means 'to know' or 'to understand', often implying a knowledge gained through experience or perception, rather than just intellectual assent. It can also mean 'to learn' or 'to come to know'. It is used to express the act of acquiring or possessing knowledge.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ

Etymology: The verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to know'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also convey the idea of knowing or perceiving.

G0227

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: tah-lay-THES

Translations: the truth, that which is true, true, real

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ἀληθής' (alēthēs), meaning 'true' or 'real'. When used substantively, as it often is, it refers to 'the truth' or 'that which is true'. It can function as either the subject (nominative) or the direct object (accusative) in a sentence.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: The word 'ἀληθής' (alēthēs) comes from the prefix 'ἀ-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'un-', and 'λήθη' (lēthē), meaning 'forgetfulness' or 'oblivion'. Thus, it literally means 'unforgettable' or 'not hidden', implying something that is revealed, evident, and therefore true.

G3029

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: LEE-ahn

Translations: very, exceedingly, greatly, much, extremely

Notes: This word is an adverb that means 'very' or 'exceedingly'. It is used to intensify the meaning of an adjective, another adverb, or a verb, indicating a high degree or extent of something. For example, it can be used to say 'very good' or 'greatly rejoice'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΠΟΛΥ, ΜΑΛΑ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'smoothness' or 'plainness', which then developed into the meaning of 'very' or 'exceedingly'.

G0429

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-neh-PI-mik-ton

Translations: unmixed, unmingled, unassociated, not mixed, not mingled, an unmixed thing

Notes: This word describes something that is not mixed or mingled with anything else. It implies a state of being pure, separate, or unassociated. It can be used to describe a substance that is unadulterated or a person who keeps themselves separate from others.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΜΙΓΗΣ, ΑΚΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix ἀν- (an-, meaning 'un-' or 'not') and ἐπιμικτός (epimiktos, meaning 'mixed' or 'mingled').

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doh-KEIN

Translations: to seem, to appear, to think, to suppose, to be thought, to be esteemed

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'δοκέω'. It is commonly used to express the idea of something appearing to be true, or someone thinking or supposing something. It can be used impersonally (it seems) or with a subject and infinitive construction (someone seems to do something). It often conveys a sense of subjective perception or opinion rather than objective fact.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'δοκέω' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dek-, meaning 'to take, accept, receive, be fitting'. It is related to words signifying 'opinion' or 'appearance'.

G2478

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: iss-toh-REH-in

Translations: to inquire, to learn by inquiry, to know, to understand, to be acquainted with, to relate, to narrate, to record

Notes: This word means to inquire, to learn by inquiry, or to know something through investigation. It can also mean to relate or narrate something that has been learned. It is often used in contexts where someone is seeking knowledge or recounting facts.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΕΙΝ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΕΙΝ, ΔΙΗΓΕΙΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: From ἵστωρ (histor), meaning 'knowing, expert', which is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, meaning 'to see, to know'. The word thus implies gaining knowledge through observation or inquiry.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G2296

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: thav-MAH-zayn

Translations: to wonder, to marvel, to be amazed, to admire

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'θαυμάζω'. It means to be filled with wonder, amazement, or admiration. It can be used to express surprise, awe, or a deep sense of respect for something or someone. For example, one might 'wonder at' a great deed or 'marvel at' a beautiful sight.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'θαυμάζω' (thaumazō) comes from 'θαῦμα' (thauma), meaning 'a wonder, a marvel, a sight'. Its origin is likely related to the root 'thea-' meaning 'to see' or 'to gaze at', implying something that causes one to gaze in wonder.

G4337

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-AY-ken

Translations: it was fitting, it was proper, it was suitable, it was right, it was appropriate

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative third person singular form of the verb 'προσήκω' (prosēkō). It means 'it was fitting' or 'it was proper'. It describes something that was appropriate, suitable, or right to do or to be, often implying a moral or customary obligation. It is typically used impersonally.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΔΕΙ, ΕΞΗΝ, ΕΠΡΕΠΕΝ

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G3366

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: MEE-deh

Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not

Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ

Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-nos

Translations: nation, a nation, people, a people, Gentiles, a Gentile

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it often refers specifically to the Gentiles, meaning non-Jewish people. It can be used to describe a large group of people united by common descent, culture, or language.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'). It refers to a group of people sharing common customs or characteristics.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-gih-GNO-skeh-toh

Translations: was known, was being known, was learning, was being learned, was perceiving, was being perceived, was understanding, was being understood

Notes: This word is the imperfect middle/passive indicative form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō), meaning 'to know', 'to learn', 'to perceive', or 'to understand'. The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past. In the middle voice, it could mean 'was knowing for oneself' or 'was coming to know', while in the passive voice, it means 'was being known' or 'was being learned/understood'. Its specific meaning depends on the context.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the English word 'know'.

G3930

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-ES-khen

Translations: he provided, she provided, it provided, he granted, she granted, it granted, he gave, she gave, it gave, he caused, she caused, it caused, he showed, she showed, it showed

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para, 'beside, from') and the verb ἔχω (echō, 'to have, to hold'). It means to provide, furnish, grant, give, or cause something. It can also mean to show or present. It is used to describe the act of making something available or bringing something about.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The verb παρέχω is a compound of the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Its meaning evolved from 'to hold out' or 'to offer' to 'to provide' or 'to grant'.

G0627

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: ah-po-KISS-meh-non

Translations: removed, separated, sent away, colonized, a removed one, a separated one

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been removed' or 'having been separated'. It describes something that has been taken away from its original place or group. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (a noun formed from an adjective or participle) meaning 'one who has been removed'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΑΦΗΡΗΜΕΝΟΝ, ΔΙΑΚΕΧΩΡΙΣΜΕΝΟΝ

Etymology: The word ἀποικίζω (apoikizō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and οἰκίζω (oikizō), meaning 'to settle' or 'to colonize'. Thus, it literally means 'to settle away from' or 'to send away to settle'.

G4264

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-ay-RAY-meh-non

Translations: chosen beforehand, purposed, preferred, decided upon, determined

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'προαιρέω' (prohaireō), meaning 'to choose beforehand' or 'to prefer'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been previously chosen, purposed, or decided upon. It implies a deliberate and prior selection or intention.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΓΝΩΣΜΕΝΟΝ, ΠΡΟΟΡΙΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word προαιρέω (prohaireō) is a compound word formed from the prefix πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose'. Thus, it literally means 'to take or choose beforehand'.

G3195

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: MEL-lon-tee

Translations: about to be, future, (to) be about to, (to) intend, (to) be going to

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'μέλλω', meaning 'to be about to' or 'to intend'. It describes something that is imminent or in the future. It is often used to indicate an action that is on the point of happening or a state that is soon to exist. In this dative singular form, it often functions adverbially or as an adjective modifying a noun in the dative case.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ἘΣΟΜΕΝΩ, ΓΕΝΗΣΟΜΕΝΩ

G0514

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AX-ee-on

Translations: worthy, deserving, fitting, proper, a worthy thing, a fitting thing

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'worthy,' 'deserving,' or 'fitting.' It is used to describe something or someone that is of appropriate value, merit, or suitability for a particular purpose or situation. It can be used to say that something is 'worthy of' something else, often followed by a genitive case.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΟΣ, ΠΡΕΠΩΝ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΞΙΟΣ (axios) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ag- meaning 'to drive, draw, move'. It is related to the idea of weighing or balancing, thus leading to the sense of 'having weight' or 'being worthy'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-PEE-oh-nah

Translations: Apion

Notes: This is the name of Apion, a Greek grammarian and anti-Jewish writer who lived in the first century AD. He was known for his criticisms of the Jews, which were later refuted by Josephus in his work 'Against Apion'. The word is used here as the direct object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Apion is of Greek origin, derived from the word 'apios', meaning 'pear-shaped' or 'from the pear tree'. It was a common personal name in the ancient Greek world.

G5039

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tek-MEH-ree-on

Translations: proof, evidence, sign, a proof, an evidence

Notes: This word refers to a sure sign or a conclusive proof, something that provides undeniable evidence. It is used to denote a definitive indication or demonstration of a fact or truth. For example, one might present 'tekmerion' to support an argument or to show that something is true.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΗΜΕΙΟΝ, ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ, ΠΙΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb τεκμαίρομαι (tekmairomai), meaning 'to fix a limit, determine, judge,' which is related to τέκμαρ (tekmar), meaning 'a fixed mark, goal, or sign.' The word thus conveys the idea of something that serves as a definitive marker or indicator.

G5346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PHAY-sin

Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said

Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHRAY-sthai

Translations: to use, to employ, to make use of

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'χράομαι' (chraomai), meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'. It often takes a dative object, indicating what is being used or for what purpose. It can be translated as 'to use' or 'to make use of' in English.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΕΣΘΑΙ, ΚΕΧΡΗΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: The verb 'χράομαι' (chraomai) comes from the root 'χράω' (chraō), meaning 'to furnish, to utter an oracle'. It developed the meaning 'to use' in the middle voice.

G2151

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-SEB-eh-in

Translations: to be devout, to show piety, to worship, to act piously

Notes: This word means to be devout, to show piety, or to act in a godly manner. It describes the act of revering God or gods, and living a life that reflects religious devotion and moral uprightness. It can be used in sentences to describe someone's actions or character in relation to their religious beliefs.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΘΡΗΣΚΕΥΩ, ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word Εὐσεβέω (eusebeō) is derived from the Greek words εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and σέβομαι (sebomai), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. Thus, it literally means 'to worship well' or 'to revere rightly'.

G1398

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doo-LEH-oo-een

Translations: to serve, to be a slave, to obey, to be subject

Notes: This word means to serve, especially in the sense of being a slave or bondservant. It implies a state of subjection or obedience to a master or a cause. It can be used to describe serving God, serving a person, or even being enslaved to sin or a principle. It is often used in the context of a master-slave relationship, but can also refer to general service or devotion.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΕΩ

G3123

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AL-loh-teh

Translations: at another time, formerly, once, sometimes, at other times

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'at another time' or 'formerly'. It is used to indicate a different point in time from the present or a past occasion. It can also mean 'sometimes' or 'at other times' when used in a repetitive context, often paired with itself (e.g., 'ἈΛΛΟΤΕ ἈΛΛΟΤΕ' meaning 'at one time... at another time').

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: This word is formed from the Greek word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other', combined with the temporal suffix '-τε' (-te), which indicates 'when' or 'at that time'.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-loys

Translations: to others, for others, with others, other, another

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'with'. It is a common word used to distinguish one group or item from another.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: keh-KHREES-thai

Translations: to have used, to have employed, to have made use of, to have dealt with

Notes: This is the perfect middle or passive infinitive form of the verb 'χράομαι' (chraomai), meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'. As a perfect infinitive, it indicates a completed action or a state resulting from a past action. It often takes an object in the dative case, meaning 'to use something' or 'to deal with someone/something'.

Inflection: Perfect, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΘΑΙ, ΧΡΗΣΑΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: The verb χράομαι (chraomai) comes from the root χρα- which is related to the idea of 'needing' or 'desiring', and thus 'using' or 'dealing with'.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G4514

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: roh-MAI-oys

Translations: (to) Romans, (to) the Romans

Notes: This word refers to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used to indicate a group of people who are Romans, often in the context of their nationality or political affiliation. In this inflected form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to the Romans' or 'for the Romans'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ρώμη (Rhōmē), meaning 'Rome', referring to the city and empire. The suffix -αιος (-aios) is used to form adjectives or nouns denoting origin or belonging.

G0509

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AH-noh-then

Translations: from above, from the top, again, anew, from the beginning

Notes: This word is an adverb that can have both a spatial and a temporal meaning. Spatially, it means 'from above' or 'from the top,' indicating origin or direction from a higher place. Temporally, it means 'again,' 'anew,' or 'from the beginning,' indicating a repetition or a fresh start. Its specific meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΛΙΝ, ἘΚ ΠΡΩΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΩΘΕΝ is formed from the adverb ἄνω (anō), meaning 'upwards' or 'above,' combined with the suffix -θεν (-then), which indicates origin or direction 'from' a place. Thus, it literally means 'from above' or 'from an upper place,' and by extension, 'from the beginning' or 'again'.

G0757

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AR-khein

Translations: to rule, to govern, to lead, to begin, to be first

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ἈΡΧΩ'. It means 'to rule' or 'to govern', indicating the act of exercising authority or leadership over someone or something. It can also mean 'to begin' or 'to be first', referring to the initiation of an action or being in a primary position. It is used to express the purpose or result of an action, or as the subject or object of another verb.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΩ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From the noun ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'beginning, origin, rule, authority'. The verb thus relates to both the concept of starting something and holding a position of power.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G4914

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-ay-thee-SMEH-non

Translations: of accustomed, of customary, of those accustomed, of those who are accustomed

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning "having been accustomed" or "being accustomed." It is used to describe something or someone that has become habituated or familiar with a particular practice or condition. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to "those who are accustomed" or "the accustomed things." It is a compound word formed from the preposition "σύν" (syn), meaning "with" or "together," and "ἔθω" (etho), meaning "to be accustomed" or "to be in the habit of."

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΘΙΖΩ, ΕΘΩ

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G3174

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-gah-loh-psy-KHEE-as

Translations: (of) magnanimity, (of) greatness of soul, (of) generosity, (of) high-mindedness

Notes: This word refers to the quality of having a great soul or spirit, encompassing virtues like generosity, courage, and nobility of mind. It is a compound word formed from ΜΕΓΑΣ (megas), meaning 'great', and ΨΥΧΗ (psyche), meaning 'soul' or 'spirit'. It describes a person who is not petty or narrow-minded, but rather possesses a noble and expansive character.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΓΕΝΕΙΑ, ΓΕΝΝΑΙΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΓΑΛΟΨΥΧΙΑ (megalopsychia) is a compound noun derived from the adjective ΜΕΓΑΣ (megas), meaning 'great', and the noun ΨΥΧΗ (psyche), meaning 'soul' or 'spirit'. It literally means 'greatness of soul'.

G3748

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: HOS-tis

Translations: whoever, whatever, whichever, anyone who, anything which, everyone who, everything which

Notes: This is a compound relative pronoun, formed from the relative pronoun ὅς (who, which) and the indefinite pronoun τις (anyone, someone). It is used to introduce a relative clause and conveys a sense of indefiniteness or generality, meaning 'whoever' or 'whatever'. It can refer to persons or things and is used when the antecedent is not specific or is unknown.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ahn-throh-POHN

Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humankind

Notes: ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, which means 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of men' or 'of people'. It refers to human beings in general, often distinguishing them from God or other creatures.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, likely a compound of ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), possibly meaning 'one who looks up' or 'one with a human face'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: leh-LEKH-thai

Translations: to have been said, to have been spoken, to have been told

Notes: This is the perfect passive infinitive form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often used in indirect statements or to express purpose or result. The perfect tense indicates a completed action, and the passive voice means the subject is receiving the action. Thus, 'λελέχθαι' means 'to have been said' or 'to have been spoken'.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΡΗΣΘΑΙ, ΛΑΛΗΘΗΝΑΙ

G5225

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-PARK-sen

Translations: was, existed, became, there was, there existed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ὑπάρχω' (hyparchō). It means 'he/she/it was,' 'he/she/it existed,' or 'he/she/it became.' It describes a state of being or existence that occurred in the past, often emphasizing the initial or completed state rather than ongoing action. It can also be used impersonally to mean 'there was' or 'there existed'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΗΝ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπό (hypó, 'under') and ἄρχω (árchō, 'to begin, to rule'). The combination suggests 'to begin under' or 'to be originally under', evolving to mean 'to exist' or 'to be'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: EHF

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by

Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.

Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ah-kai-rop-TEE-as

Translations: misjudgment of opportunity, error in timing, a misjudgment of the right moment

Notes: This is a compound noun that refers to the act of misjudging the right moment or opportunity. It describes a failure to seize or recognize the opportune time for action, leading to an error in timing or a missed chance. It combines elements related to 'through' or 'apart', 'time' or 'opportunity', and 'seeing' or 'judging'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: This word is a compound of three elements: διά (dia, 'through, apart'), καιρός (kairos, 'opportune time, season'), and an element related to ὄπτομαι (optomai, 'to see, to look at, to perceive'). It literally means 'a seeing through or missing of the opportune time'.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai

Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

G2201

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pez-EVK-san

Translations: they yoked under, they subjected, they brought under the yoke, they subdued

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under', and the verb ΖΕΥΓΝΥΜΙ (zeugnymi), meaning 'to yoke'. Therefore, ΥΠΕΖΕΥΞΑΝ means 'they yoked under' or 'they subjected'. It describes the action of bringing something or someone under a yoke, often implying subjugation or control.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΥΠΟΤΑΣΣΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΟΥΛΟΩ

G5443

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: FOO-lon

Translations: tribe, a tribe, nation, a nation, race, a race, people, a people

Notes: This word refers to a tribe, nation, or race, indicating a group of people descended from a common ancestor or sharing a common origin or characteristic. It is often used in the context of the twelve tribes of Israel or other distinct ethnic or familial groups. It can function as the subject or direct object in a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΔΗΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the root *phu-, meaning 'to grow, produce'. It refers to that which is produced or sprung from a common origin, hence a race or tribe.

G5219

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pah-KAY-koh-en

Translations: he has obeyed, she has obeyed, it has obeyed, he has listened, she has listened, it has listened

Notes: This word is the third person singular, perfect active indicative form of the verb υπακούω (hypakouō). It means 'he/she/it has obeyed' or 'he/she/it has listened'. It describes an action of obedience or listening that was completed in the past and whose effects continue into the present.

Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΕΩ, ΕἸΣΑΚΟΥΩ

G4178

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pol-LAK-is

Translations: often, many times, frequently

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'often' or 'frequently'. It is used to indicate that an action or event occurs on numerous occasions. For example, one might say 'he often visits' or 'it frequently happens'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΧΝΩΣ, ΠΟΛΛΑ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΛΛΑΚΙΣ' is derived from the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many', combined with the adverbial suffix '-κις' (-kis), which denotes 'times' or 'on occasions'.

G0686, G0685

Part of Speech: Particle, Noun

Sounds like: AH-rah

Translations: then, therefore, so, consequently, perhaps, indeed, is it that?, curse, an imprecation

Notes: The word 'ἈΡΑ' can function as a particle or a noun. As a particle, it is used to introduce a question, often expecting a negative answer, or to draw an inference, meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It can also express a degree of uncertainty or possibility, translating to 'perhaps' or 'indeed'. As a noun, 'ἈΡΑ' refers to a curse or an imprecation, a solemn utterance intended to invoke a supernatural power to inflict harm or punishment on someone or something.

Inflection: As a particle, it does not inflect. As a noun, it is Feminine, Singular, Nominative.

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓Ν, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ, ΚΑΤΑΡΑ

Etymology: The particle 'ἈΡΑ' is of uncertain origin, possibly an onomatopoeic exclamation. The noun 'ἈΡΑ' (curse) is also of uncertain origin, possibly related to the verb 'ἀράομαι' (araomai) meaning 'to pray, to curse'.

G2620

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-fyoo-GAYN

Translations: to flee for refuge, to take refuge, to escape, to find refuge

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape'. Together, it means to flee downwards or to a place of safety, thus 'to take refuge' or 'to find shelter'. It describes the action of seeking protection or safety by fleeing to a specific location or person.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ

G4982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: so-THEE-nai

Translations: to be saved, to be delivered, to be preserved, to be made whole

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'σῴζω' (sōzō). It means 'to be saved,' 'to be delivered,' 'to be preserved,' or 'to be made whole.' It is used to express the action of being rescued or brought to safety, whether physically, spiritually, or from danger or destruction. For example, it can refer to being saved from sin, illness, or death.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ, ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ

G3328

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: meh-tah-BAL-lon-tahs

Translations: changing, altering, turning around, shifting, transforming

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'μεταβάλλω', meaning 'to change' or 'to turn around'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing. It is used to describe someone or something that is in the process of changing, altering, or shifting.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ, ΜΕΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΜΕΤΑΜΟΡΦΟΩ

G1083

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GEH-ras

Translations: privilege, a privilege, gift, a gift, honor, an honor, reward, a reward

Notes: This word is a noun referring to a privilege, a gift, an honor, or a reward. It often denotes a special mark of respect or a prize given for achievement or status. It can be used in contexts where something is given as a due or a right, rather than a mere gratuity.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΤΙΜΗ, ΜΙΣΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'γέρας' is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the concept of old age and the respect or privileges associated with it.

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: may-DEH-nee

Translations: to no one, to nothing, for no one, for nothing, by no one, by nothing, with no one, with nothing, in no one, in nothing

Notes: This word is an indefinite negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something or someone. It is often used in prohibitions or to state that something is not done by anyone or to anything. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, and as an adjective, it modifies a noun. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (mē, 'not') and ΕΙΣ (heis, 'one').

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥΔΕΝΙ

G2902

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kra-TAY-san-ton

Translations: (of) those who held, (of) those who seized, (of) those who prevailed, (of) those who took control

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'krateō', meaning 'to be strong, to rule, to seize, to hold fast, to prevail'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, describing an action performed by the subject. In this form, it refers to a group of people who have performed the action of holding, seizing, or prevailing.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΧΟΝΤΩΝ, ΛΑΒΟΝΤΩΝ, ΝΙΚΗΣΑΝΤΩΝ

G5177

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: TOO-khon-tes

Translations: having obtained, having happened, having met, having gained, having attained

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'τυγχάνω', meaning 'to happen', 'to meet', 'to obtain', or 'to attain'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often implies the successful acquisition or experience of something, or simply the occurrence of an event.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G3617

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oy-ko-des-PO-ton

Translations: of a householder, of a master of a house, of a head of a household, of a landlord

Notes: This word is a compound noun, meaning 'householder' or 'master of a house'. It refers to the head of a household, the owner of a house, or a landlord. It is used to describe someone who has authority and responsibility over a domestic establishment. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'the servants of the householder'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΩΝ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΟΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ is a compound of two Greek words: ΟΙΚΟΣ (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'household', and ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ (despotēs), meaning 'master' or 'lord'. It literally means 'master of the house'.

G3748

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ON-tee-nah

Translations: whomever, whatever, whatsoever, anyone whom, anything that

Notes: ΟΝΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the relative pronoun ὍΣΤΙΣ, meaning 'whoever' or 'whatever'. It is used to introduce a clause that refers to an indefinite person or thing, often emphasizing the generality or universality of the statement. It functions similarly to 'whoever' or 'whatever' in English, indicating that the action or description applies to any person or thing that fits the given condition.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ, ΟΣΟΙ

Etymology: The word ὍΣΤΙΣ is a compound word formed from the relative pronoun ὅς (hos, 'who, which') and the indefinite enclitic pronoun τὶς (tis, 'someone, something'). This combination emphasizes the indefinite and general nature of the pronoun.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ekh-RAY-san-toh

Translations: they used, they employed, they treated, they dealt with

Notes: This word means 'they used' or 'they employed'. It describes the action of putting something into service or making use of it. It can also mean 'they treated' or 'they dealt with' someone or something, indicating a manner of interaction. It is often followed by a dative case object, indicating what is being used or how someone is being treated.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΧΡΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΧΡΗΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΧΡΑΟΜΑΙ

G0530

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AH-pax

Translations: once, once for all, at once, together, all at once

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'once' or 'once for all'. It emphasizes a single, decisive action that is completed and not to be repeated. It can also mean 'at once' or 'together' in certain contexts, indicating simultaneity.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΝ, ΕΦΑΠΑΞ

Etymology: From the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'one' or 'single', and πήγνυμι (pēgnumi), meaning 'to fix' or 'to make firm'. It conveys the idea of something being fixed or done 'once and for all'.

G3440

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G2413, G2411

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-RAH

Translations: holy, sacred, a holy thing, sacred things, temple, a temple

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. When used as a noun, it typically refers to 'sacred things' or 'holy places', often specifically a 'temple' or 'sanctuary'. It describes anything set apart for divine use or associated with religious practices.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Singular; or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἱερά (hiera) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ish₂ros, meaning 'sacred, powerful'. It is related to words signifying strength and divine power.

G2692

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-SKAP-ton-tes

Translations: demolishing, overthrowing, destroying, razing, pulling down

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'κατασκάπτω', meaning 'to dig down' or 'to demolish'. It describes an action of actively tearing down, overthrowing, or utterly destroying something, often referring to structures like cities or buildings. It implies a complete and thorough destruction.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΕΞΑΛΕΙΦΩ

G3543

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: noh-mi-ZO-meh-noos

Translations: supposed, esteemed, considered, believed, thought, a supposed, an esteemed, a considered, a believed, a thought

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'being supposed,' 'being esteemed,' or 'being considered.' It describes something that is generally accepted or believed to be true, often in contrast to what is actually true. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, and indicates an ongoing state of being regarded in a certain way.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Present, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΟΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G2695

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: kah-tah-SFAH-zon-tes

Translations: slaughtering, killing, sacrificing, slaying

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb σφάζω (sphazō), meaning 'to slay' or 'to slaughter'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing or simultaneous with the main verb of a sentence. It is used to indicate a violent and complete act of killing or sacrificing, often implying a thorough or decisive action.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΦΑΖΩ, ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

G3401

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mee-MEH-sthai

Translations: to imitate, to mimic, to emulate, to follow

Notes: This word means to imitate, mimic, or emulate someone or something. It is often used in the sense of following an example, whether good or bad. It is a deponent verb, meaning it has a passive form but an active meaning.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΖΗΛΟΩ, ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ

Etymology: The word μιμέομαι (mimeomai) comes from μῖμος (mimos), meaning 'imitator' or 'actor'. It is the source of English words like 'mimic' and 'mime'.

G0521

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-pah-ee-DEH-oo-see-ahn

Translations: ignorance, lack of instruction, unlearnedness, a lack of discipline, an ignorance

Notes: This word is a compound noun, formed from the privative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'παιδεία' (paideia, meaning 'education' or 'discipline'). It refers to a state of being uneducated, uninstructed, or lacking in discipline. It describes a general ignorance or lack of proper training, often implying a moral or intellectual deficiency.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΟΙΑ, ΑΜΑΘΙΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπαιδευσία (apaideusía), from ἀ- (a-, privative prefix) + παιδεύω (paideúō, 'to educate, to discipline') + -σία (-sía, noun-forming suffix). It literally means 'without education' or 'lack of discipline'.

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G5177

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TOO-khas

Translations: fortunes, chances, destinies, successes, good fortunes, bad fortunes

Notes: This word refers to the concept of fortune, chance, or destiny, often personified as the goddess Tyche in ancient Greek thought. It can encompass both good and bad fortune, depending on the context. As an accusative plural, it would typically be used as the direct object of a verb, indicating multiple instances of fortune or chance.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΕΙΜΑΡΜΕΝΗ, ΚΑΙΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΤΥΧΗ (tyche) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to obtain, to get, to happen'. It is related to the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen, to obtain'.

G2789

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: lah-keh-dai-MOH-nee-ohn

Translations: of the Lacedaemonians, of the Spartans

Notes: This word refers to the Lacedaemonians, who were the inhabitants of Lacedaemon, more commonly known as Sparta. It is used in a possessive sense, indicating something belonging to or associated with the Lacedaemonians or Spartans. For example, it could refer to 'the laws of the Lacedaemonians' or 'the army of the Spartans'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΠΑΡΤΙΑΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word Λακεδαίμων (Lakedaimōn) refers to the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta and its surrounding region. Its origin is pre-Greek, possibly Pelasgian, and it is associated with the mythical founder Lacedaemon.

G3539

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-neh-NOH-eh-sen

Translations: he considered, he thought, he understood, he perceived, he pondered, he reflected

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to consider, to think, to understand, or to perceive. It is often used to describe the act of deep thought, reflection, or coming to a realization. It implies an internal mental process of comprehension or deliberation. The form provided is the third person singular aorist active indicative, meaning 'he/she/it considered' or 'he/she/it thought'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΦΡΟΝΕΩ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

G0435

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: an-dray-OH-tah-toos

Translations: most manly, most courageous, most brave, most valiant

Notes: This word is a superlative adjective meaning 'most manly' or 'most courageous'. It describes someone who exhibits the highest degree of bravery, valor, or strength, often in a military or heroic context. It is used to emphasize the exceptional courage of individuals.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine, Superlative

Synonyms: ΑΛΚΙΜΩΤΑΤΟΥΣ, ΕΥΨΥΧΟΤΑΤΟΥΣ, ΘΑΡΡΑΛΕΩΤΑΤΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word ἀνδρεῖος (andreios) is derived from ἀνήρ (anēr), meaning 'man' or 'male person'. The superlative suffix -τατος (-tatos) is added to form 'most manly' or 'most courageous'.

G2152

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-seh-BEH-stah-toos

Translations: most pious, most devout, most reverent, most religious

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'most pious' or 'most devout'. It describes someone who is extremely reverent towards God or the gods, showing great respect and devotion. It is used to characterize individuals or groups known for their exceptional religious observance or moral uprightness.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine, Superlative

Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣΕΒΕΣΤΑΤΟΥΣ, ΕΥΛΑΒΕΣΤΑΤΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΣΕΒΗΣ (eusebēs) is a compound word derived from ΕΥ̓ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ (sebomai), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. Thus, it literally means 'well-worshipping' or 'rightly reverent'.

G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ahs

Translations: kings, a king, (of) kings, (to) kings

Notes: This word refers to a king or ruler. It is used to denote a monarch, sovereign, or anyone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It can be used in a literal sense for earthly rulers or metaphorically for God or Christ as the ultimate ruler. In this form, it is the accusative plural, meaning it would typically function as the direct object of a verb, indicating 'kings' as the recipients of an action.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G2150

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-SEH-beh-yah

Translations: piety, godliness, a piety, a godliness, religion, reverence

Notes: This word refers to piety, godliness, or reverence towards God. It encompasses a proper attitude and conduct in relation to divine matters, often implying devotion and respect for religious duties and beliefs. It can also refer to the practice of religion itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΡΗΣΚΕΙΑ, ΕΥ̓ΛΑΒΕΙΑ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: From the Greek words εὐ- (eu-), meaning 'well' or 'good', and σέβομαι (sebomaí), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. Thus, it literally means 'well-worship' or 'good reverence'.

G1229

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-boh-AY-then-tas

Translations: proclaimed, noised abroad, reported, famous, renowned

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'διαβοάω' (diaboao), meaning 'to cry aloud' or 'to proclaim'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that has been proclaimed or widely reported. It is used to indicate that a person or thing has become famous or renowned due to widespread public announcement or report.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ, ΦΗΜΙΖΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word 'διαβοάω' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'throughout', and the verb 'βοάω' (boaō), meaning 'to cry out' or 'to shout'. Thus, it literally means 'to cry out through' or 'to proclaim widely'.

G2618

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-prees-THEY-sahn

Translations: having been burnt down, having been consumed by fire, a burnt down (thing)

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having been burnt down' or 'having been consumed by fire'. It describes something that has undergone the action of being completely burned. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb in a sentence, indicating a completed action that happened before the main verb.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Aorist, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΗΣΘΕΙΣΑΝ, ΚΑΤΑΚΑΕΙΣΑΝ

G0001

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-KRO-po-lin

Translations: acropolis, a citadel, a fortress

Notes: This word refers to the highest and most fortified part of an ancient Greek city, often built on a hill. It served as a defensive stronghold and often contained important temples and public buildings. It is a compound word formed from 'ἄκρος' (akros), meaning 'highest' or 'uppermost', and 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΚΡΑ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ, ΠΟΛΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΚΡΟΠΟΛΙΣ' is a compound of two Greek words: 'ἄκρος' (akros), meaning 'highest' or 'uppermost', and 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city'. It literally translates to 'highest city' or 'city on the edge'.

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: oo-DACE

Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, none, no

Notes: This word is a compound negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one,' 'nobody,' 'nothing,' or 'no.' It is formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not), the connective particle 'δέ' (but, and), and the numeral 'εἷς' (one). It is used to express absolute negation, indicating the complete absence of something or someone. When used as an adjective, it modifies a noun to mean 'no' or 'not any.'

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΔΕΙΣ is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓ (not), the connective particle ΔΕ (but, and), and the numeral ΕΙΣ (one). It literally means 'not even one' or 'not one at all,' emphasizing a complete negation.

G1777

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: drah-SAH-sin

Translations: to those who have done, for those who have done, to those who have acted, for those who have acted

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having done' or 'having acted'. As a dative plural, it refers to 'to/for those who have done' or 'to/for those who have acted'. It describes the action of a group of people who have completed an action, and the dative case indicates that they are the indirect object or recipient of something.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΗΣΑΣΙΝ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΡΑΩ (draō) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to do' or 'to act'.

G2537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KAI-nos

Translations: new, fresh, a new, an new

Notes: This word describes something that is new in quality, fresh, or unprecedented, rather than new in terms of age (for which a different Greek word, ΝΕΟΣ, is used). It often implies something superior or different from what came before. It can be used to describe things like a new covenant, a new creation, or new teachings.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ, ΑΚΑΙΝΟΤΟΜΗΤΟΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the concept of 'freshness' or 'newness'.

G2725

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tay-GO-ros

Translations: accuser, a accuser, prosecutor

Notes: This word refers to someone who brings a charge or accusation against another, typically in a legal or public setting. It can be translated as 'accuser' or 'prosecutor'. It is often used in contexts where someone is formally charging another person with a fault or crime.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΓΚΑΛΩΝ, ΑΝΤΙΔΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb κατηγορέω (katēgoreō, 'to accuse'), which is formed from κατά (kata, 'down, against') and ἀγορεύω (agoreuō, 'to speak in the assembly'). Thus, it literally means 'to speak against (someone) in the assembly'.

G2147

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hyoo-REH-thay

Translations: was found, it was found, he was found, she was found

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'εὑρίσκω' (heuriskō), meaning 'to find'. It indicates an action that was completed in the past, where the subject was the recipient of the action of being found. For example, 'it was found' or 'he/she was found'.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΥΡΕΘΗ, ΕΥΡΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- ('to find, discover').

G2398

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ee-DEE-ohn

Translations: of one's own, of private things, of peculiar things

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ἴδιος' (idios). It refers to something that is one's own, private, or peculiar to an individual or group. It is often used to emphasize possession or a unique characteristic. For example, it can mean 'their own' or 'his own' when referring to possessions or personal matters.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ, ἙΑΥΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἴδιος (idios) comes from Proto-Indo-European *swe-dʰ-yo-, meaning 'one's own'. It is related to the reflexive pronoun 'self' and emphasizes personal possession or distinctiveness.

G2556

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: kah-KOHN

Translations: (of) bad things, (of) evils, (of) calamities, (of) troubles

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΚΑΚΟΣ', meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. When used substantively, as it often is in the genitive plural, it refers to 'evils', 'calamities', or 'troubles'. It describes things that are harmful, morally corrupt, or cause distress. It can be used to describe the source or nature of something negative.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΩΝ, ΦΑΥΛΩΝ, ΑΣΕΒΩΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. It is related to words signifying 'to hurt' or 'to wound'.

G1589

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ek-la-THOH-me-nos

Translations: forgetting, having forgotten, forgotten

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἐκλανθάνομαι' (eklanthanomai), meaning 'to forget' or 'to cease to care for'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state related to forgetting. It can be used to describe someone who has forgotten something, or the state of something being forgotten. For example, it might describe someone 'having forgotten his troubles' or 'being forgotten by his friends'.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Aorist, Middle, Participle

Synonyms: ἘΠΙΛΑΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ, ΛΗΘΩ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: seh-SOH-striss

Translations: Sesostris

Notes: Sesostris is the Greek name of an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, often identified with Senusret III or Ramesses II. He is a legendary figure in ancient Greek historical accounts, particularly those of Herodotus, who describes him as a great conqueror. The name refers to a specific individual and is used to identify him in historical or mythical contexts.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name "Sesostris" is a Greek adaptation of an ancient Egyptian royal name, likely derived from "Senusret" (meaning "Man of Wosret" or "Isis is mighty"). It was used by Greek historians to refer to several powerful pharaohs.

G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G2251

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hay-MEH-teh-roos

Translations: our, ours

Notes: This word is a possessive adjective meaning 'our' or 'ours'. It indicates possession by the first person plural ('we'). It is used to describe something that belongs to or is associated with 'us'. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'our houses' or 'our people'.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative

Etymology: The word Ἡμέτερος (hēméteros) is derived from the first person plural pronoun ἡμεῖς (hēmeis), meaning 'we'. It is an adjective formed to express possession related to 'us'.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-POY-men

Translations: we might say, we would say, we should say

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is in the optative mood, which expresses a wish, a possibility, or a potential action. Therefore, it translates as 'we might say' or 'we would say', indicating a hypothetical or desired statement.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Optative, 1st Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΕἸΠΩ (eipo) is a suppletive aorist stem used with forms of ΛΕΓΩ (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. Its origin can be traced back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking or declaring.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

G5493

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kheh-roh-SAH-meh-noos

Translations: having subdued, having conquered, having mastered, having overcome, having brought under control

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'cheiroō', meaning 'to subdue' or 'to conquer'. It describes an action that has been completed by the subject, indicating that they have gained control or mastery over something or someone. It is often used to describe military conquest or the overcoming of an obstacle.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΤΑΣΣΩ, ΝΙΚΑΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ

G3889

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-li-PO-men

Translations: let us leave aside, let us omit, let us neglect, may we leave aside, may we omit, may we neglect

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb λείπω (leipō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to abandon'. Together, it means to leave something beside, to pass over, to omit, or to neglect. It is used to express the action of intentionally skipping over or not including something or someone.

Inflection: First Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1398

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOO-le-yohn

Translations: I was serving, I was a slave, they were serving, they were slaves, to serve, to be a slave

Notes: This word means to serve, to be a slave, or to be in bondage. It implies subjection, devotion, or obedience to someone or something. As an imperfect tense verb, it describes an ongoing, continuous, or repeated action in the past. For example, it could describe someone continuously serving a master or a group of people repeatedly serving idols.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ

G0408

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: an-DRA-po-dohn

Translations: of slaves, of captives, of bondservants

Notes: This word refers to slaves, captives, or bondservants, often implying those taken as spoils of war. It is used in the genitive plural case, indicating possession or relationship, such as 'belonging to slaves' or 'of slaves'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΩΝ, ΟΙΚΕΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἀνδράποδον (andrapodon) is a compound word derived from ἀνήρ (anēr), meaning 'man', and πούς (pous), meaning 'foot'. It literally refers to 'one who walks on his feet' or 'one who is led by the feet', implying a captive or slave.

G1308

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-FEH-ron-tes

Translations: differing, excelling, surpassing, carrying through, being important, being better, being different

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'διαφέρω' (diapherō). It describes someone or something that is differing, excelling, or surpassing others. It can also mean to carry through, to be important, or to be better. It is a compound word formed from 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and 'φέρω' (pherō), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡΕΧΩ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΕΧΩ

G4371

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PROS-eh-tee

Translations: besides, moreover, in addition, furthermore, yet, still

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'in addition to' or 'furthermore'. It is used to introduce an additional point or a further action, emphasizing that something is happening on top of what has already been mentioned. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'in addition', and the adverb ΕΤΙ (eti), meaning 'still' or 'yet'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΙ, ΚΑΙ, ΕΠΙΠΛΕΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙ is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in addition to', and the adverb ΕΤΙ (eti), meaning 'still, yet, besides'. It developed to signify an additional or further action or state.

G4975

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: skheh-DON

Translations: almost, nearly, well-nigh, about, approximately

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'almost' or 'nearly'. It is used to indicate that something is very close to being true or happening, but not quite. It can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, conveying a sense of approximation or proximity.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΜΟΝΟΝ

Etymology: From the root of Ancient Greek 'σχεῖν' (scheîn), meaning 'to have, to hold, to be near'. It implies being 'close at hand' or 'nearly'.

G1626

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ek-po-le-mee-THEN-ton

Translations: having been made hostile, having been made an enemy, having been made warlike

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ekpolemeō', meaning 'to make hostile' or 'to make an enemy of'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, indicating a state of having been made hostile or warlike. It is often used to describe individuals or groups who have been turned into enemies or have become engaged in warfare.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΕΩ, ΕΧΘΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΠΟΛΕΜΕΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ΠΟΛΕΜΕΩ (polemeō), meaning 'to wage war' or 'to fight'. Thus, it literally means 'to make war out of' or 'to make hostile'.

G3841

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PAN-tah-KHOO

Translations: everywhere, on every side, in all places

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'everywhere' or 'in all places'. It indicates that something is present or occurring in all locations or directions. It is used to describe the widespread nature of an action or state.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΗ, ΠΑΝΤΟΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word 'πανταχοῦ' (pantachou) is an adverb formed from the stem 'παντ-' (pant-), meaning 'all' or 'every', combined with the adverbial suffix '-αχου' (-achou), which denotes 'where' or 'in what place'.

G1241