2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: mah-NEH-thohs

Translations: Manetho

Notes: Manetho was an ancient Egyptian priest and historian who lived during the Ptolemaic era. He is known for his Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt), a chronological account of the pharaohs of ancient Egypt, which is a crucial source for the chronology of Egyptian history. The name is used to refer to this specific historical figure.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Manetho is of Egyptian origin, likely derived from an Egyptian phrase meaning 'Truth of Thoth' or 'Gift of Thoth'.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G2046

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-ray-MEH-nohn

Translations: of the things said, of the things spoken, of the things mentioned, of the aforesaid, of the aforementioned

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been said' or 'having been spoken'. It functions like an adjective or a noun, referring to things that have already been stated or mentioned. In this genitive plural form, it typically refers to 'of the things that have been said' or 'of the aforementioned things'. It is often used to refer back to previous statements or topics in a text.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΡΗΘΕΝΤΩΝ, ΛΕΛΑΛΗΜΕΝΩΝ

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G5550

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHRO-noo

Translations: (of) time, time

Notes: This word refers to time, a period, or a season. It is a masculine noun and is used to denote a duration or a specific point in time. In this genitive form, it often indicates possession or a relationship of origin, such as 'of time' or 'belonging to time'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΑΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΟΝΟΣ (chronos) is of uncertain origin, but it is an ancient Greek word that has been in use since Homeric times. It refers to sequential, measurable time.

G4817

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soo-loh-gih-STHEN-tos

Translations: (of) having reasoned, (of) having concluded, (of) having considered

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb meaning 'to reason' or 'to conclude'. It describes an action that has already been completed, indicating that someone has finished the process of reasoning, gathering thoughts, or drawing a conclusion. It is often used to show the cause or circumstance of another action.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΟΓΙΣΘΕΝΤΟΣ, ΣΚΕΨΑΜΕΝΟΥ, ΕΝΝΟΗΣΑΝΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word derives from the Greek verb 'συλλογίζομαι' (syllogizomai), which is a compound of 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'λογίζομαι' (logizomai), meaning 'to reckon' or 'to consider'. Thus, it literally means 'to reckon together' or 'to gather thoughts'.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G4268

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PRO-go-noy

Translations: ancestors, forefathers, progenitors

Notes: This word refers to one's ancestors or forefathers, those who came before in a family line. It is a compound word formed from the prefix 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and 'γόνος' (gonos), meaning 'offspring' or 'birth'. It is typically used in the plural to refer to a group of ancestors.

Inflection: Nominative, Vocative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΤΕΡΕΣ, ΠΑΛΑΙΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΓΟΝΟΣ is derived from the prefix πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and γόνος (gonos), meaning 'offspring' or 'birth'. It literally means 'those born before'.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G4385

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: PROS-then

Translations: before, in front, in front of, in the presence of, formerly, previously

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front'. It can refer to a spatial position, indicating something is physically in front, or to a temporal position, meaning 'formerly' or 'previously'. It can also be used as a preposition with the genitive case, meaning 'in front of' or 'in the presence of' someone or something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΠΡΟ

Etymology: From the preposition πρό (pro, 'before') and the suffix -θεν (-then, indicating origin or direction from).

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G0005

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-pal-la-GEN-tes

Translations: having been delivered, having been freed, having been released, having been acquitted, having been discharged

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having been delivered' or 'having been freed'. It describes a state of being released or discharged from something, often from an obligation, a problem, or a state of evil. As a participle, it functions adjectivally or adverbially, modifying a noun or verb to indicate the circumstances or result of an action.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ἘΚΛΥΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ἘΛΕΥΘΕΡΩΘΕΝΤΕΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G1159

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: DAH-nah-on

Translations: Danaan, a Danaan, Greek, a Greek

Notes: This word refers to the Danaans, an ancient Greek tribe. In a broader sense, it is often used poetically or generally to refer to all Greeks. It can function as an adjective meaning 'Danaan' or 'Greek', or as a noun referring to a person from this tribe or a Greek in general.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter; or Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΛΛΗΝ, ΑΧΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'Δαναός' (Danaos) refers to the mythical king Danaus, from whom the Danaans are said to have descended. It is an ancient ethnonym used to describe one of the principal tribes of ancient Greece.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G0692

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AR-gos

Translations: idle, lazy, useless, unprofitable, inactive, barren, a barren

Notes: This word describes something or someone as idle, lazy, or inactive. It can also refer to something that is useless, unprofitable, or barren. It is often used to describe a person who is not working or producing, or a thing that serves no purpose. It is a compound word, formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (not) and 'ἔργον' (work), literally meaning 'without work'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΡΓΕΩ, ἈΚΑΡΠΟΣ, ἈΠΡΑΚΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΡΓΟΣ is a compound of the negative prefix 'α-' (alpha privative, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'ἔργον' (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. Thus, it literally means 'without work' or 'inactive'.

G0658

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-fih-KEH-sthai

Translations: to arrive, to come, to reach, to get to

Notes: This word is the aorist infinitive form of the verb 'ἀφικνέομαι', meaning 'to arrive' or 'to come to'. It describes the action of reaching a destination or a particular state. It is often used to indicate the completion of a journey or the attainment of a goal.

Inflection: Aorist, Infinitive, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΕΣΘΑΙ, ΗΚΕΙΝ, ΦΘΑΝΕΙΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, 'from') and ἱκνέομαι (hikneomai, 'to come, to arrive'). It literally means 'to come from' or 'to arrive from a place'.

G2543

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: KAI-toy

Translations: and yet, although, though, nevertheless, yet, even though

Notes: ΚΑΙΤΟΙ is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or qualifies what has just been said. It often implies a sense of 'and yet' or 'nevertheless,' indicating a concession or a surprising fact. It can be used to introduce a counter-argument or to emphasize a point despite previous information.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΠΕΡ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ

Etymology: ΚΑΙΤΟΙ is a compound word formed from the conjunction ΚΑΙ (kai, 'and, also, even') and the particle ΤΟΙ (toi, 'indeed, surely'). It emphasizes the 'and yet' or 'nevertheless' aspect.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G5105

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOY-noon

Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so then

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate a logical consequence or transition. It often introduces a conclusion, a summary, or a new point that follows from what has just been said. It can be translated as 'therefore,' 'then,' or 'accordingly,' signaling that what follows is a result or a logical next step.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the demonstrative particle τοι (toi), meaning 'indeed, surely,' and the enclitic particle νυν (nun), meaning 'now, then.' It emphasizes a logical connection or consequence.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3176

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-giss-tah

Translations: greatest, very great, most great, greatest ones, very great ones, most great ones

Notes: This word is the superlative form of 'great', meaning 'greatest' or 'very great'. It is used to describe something or someone as being the utmost in size, importance, or degree. In the provided examples, it refers to 'great ones' or 'nobles', indicating people of high status or power.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΜΕΓΕΘΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΓΑΣ (megas) comes from Proto-Indo-European *meǵ- meaning 'great'. The superlative form ΜΕΓΙΣΤΟΣ (megistos) is derived from this root.

G3140

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-mar-too-REE-ken

Translations: he has testified, he has borne witness, he has given testimony, it has been testified

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to testify' or 'to bear witness'. It is in the perfect tense, indicating an action completed in the past with continuing results in the present. It is used to describe someone who has given testimony or provided evidence.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΩ, ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ, ΣΥΜΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ

Etymology: From μάρτυς (martys, 'witness') and the suffix -έω (-eō), forming verbs of action. It means 'to be a witness' or 'to give witness'.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G1121

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: grahm-MAH-tohn

Translations: of letters, of writings, of documents, of scriptures, of a writing, of a document, of a letter

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'γραμμα' (gramma). It refers to written characters, letters of the alphabet, or more broadly, written documents, scriptures, or literature. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'of letters' or 'belonging to writings'. In the provided context, 'πόλις γραμμάτων' (polis grammaton) means 'city of writings' or 'city of scribes/scholars', implying a place known for its literacy or written records.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΩΝ, ΓΡΑΦΩΝ

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-ton

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G1899

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEY-tah

Translations: then, afterward, next, after that, thereupon

Notes: This word is a temporal adverb meaning 'then' or 'afterward'. It is used to indicate a sequence of events, showing that one action or state follows another in time. It can introduce the next step in a narrative or a logical progression.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΠΕΙ, ἘΠΕΙΔΗ, ἘΠΙΤΟ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, after') and the particle εἶτα (eita, 'then, next'). It signifies a temporal sequence, indicating what comes after something else.

G0005

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-pal-la-GAYN

Translations: deliverance, release, a release, freedom, a freedom, discharge, a discharge

Notes: This word refers to the act of being set free or released from something, such as a burden, a disease, or a difficult situation. It signifies a complete separation or removal from a state of confinement or obligation. It can be used in contexts like 'deliverance from evil' or 'release from a debt'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἘΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ, ΛΥΣΙΣ, ἈΦΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: From ἀπο- (apo-, 'from, away from') and ἀλλάσσω (allassō, 'to change, to exchange'), suggesting a change of state away from something, leading to release or deliverance.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G1451

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective, Preposition

Sounds like: eng-GYS

Translations: near, close, at hand, nigh

Notes: This word indicates proximity, either in terms of physical distance (near, close) or temporal closeness (at hand, imminent). It is often used to describe something that is about to happen or is very close in time. It can function adverbially, modifying a verb, or adjectivally, describing a noun, and sometimes as a preposition taking the genitive case.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ, ΠΑΡΩΝ

Etymology: The etymology of ἘΓΓΥΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the root for 'hand' or 'reach', suggesting something within reach.

G4395

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-teh-REH-in

Translations: to be before, to excel, to be superior, to precede

Notes: This word is an infinitive verb meaning 'to be before' or 'to excel'. It indicates a state of being prior in time, place, or rank, or of surpassing others in quality or achievement. It can be used in contexts where one thing precedes another or one person is superior to others.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΧΩ, ΠΡΟΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word προτερέω is derived from πρό (pro), meaning 'before', and the verb τερέω, which is related to τέρας (teras), meaning 'sign' or 'wonder', or perhaps from an older root related to 'to be strong' or 'to be firm'. It signifies being 'before' or 'superior' in some capacity.

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G3670

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-moh-loh-GEH-ken

Translations: he has confessed, he has acknowledged, he has agreed, he has promised

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to confess,' 'to acknowledge,' 'to agree,' or 'to promise.' It describes the act of speaking in agreement with someone or something, or making a formal declaration. It can be used in contexts where someone admits a truth, acknowledges a fact, or commits to an action.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Perfect Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΛΟΓΩ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΩ, ΔΗΛΟΩ

Etymology: The word Ὁμολογέω (homologeo) is a compound word derived from the Greek words ὁμός (homos), meaning 'same' or 'common,' and λέγω (lego), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak.' Thus, it literally means 'to say the same thing' or 'to agree with what is said.'

G0077

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ah-des-POH-tohs

Translations: without a master, without a lord, without an owner, without a ruler, without control, without restraint, without authority, without a definite author, anonymously

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'without a master' or 'without an owner'. It describes something that is uncontrolled, unrestrained, or lacking a clear source or authority. For example, it can refer to property without an owner, or to stories or writings whose author is unknown or uncertain, meaning they are 'anonymously' told or written.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝΩΝΥΜΩΣ, ΑΚΥΡΩΣ

G3454

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: moo-tho-lo-goo-MEH-non

Translations: of things fabled, of things narrated, of things told as myths

Notes: This word is a passive participle, meaning 'being fabled' or 'being narrated as a myth'. It refers to things that are spoken of as myths, fables, or legendary tales. It is used to describe stories or accounts that are considered to be mythical or legendary rather than factual.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter, Passive, Present

Synonyms: ΜΥΘΕΥΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΛΕΓΟΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word μυθολογέω (mythologeō) is a compound word derived from μῦθος (mythos), meaning 'myth' or 'fable', and λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak myths' or 'to tell fables'.

G4369

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-teth-EE-ken

Translations: he has added, he has put to, he has joined to, he has appended

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning "to" or "towards," and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning "to put" or "to place." It means to add something to something else, to put something in addition, or to join something to an existing whole. It describes an action that has been completed in the past and whose results continue into the present.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΑΝΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning "to, toward, in addition to," and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning "to put, place, set." Its meaning is derived directly from the combination of these two elements.

G5306

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: HOO-steh-ron

Translations: later, afterward, last, finally, the latter, the end, a later time, the later

Notes: This word indicates a point in time that comes after another, or something that is last in a sequence. It can function as an adverb meaning 'later' or 'afterward', or as an adjective/noun meaning 'the last' or 'the latter part'. It is often used to refer to a subsequent event or a final outcome.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (when functioning as a noun/adjective), Adverbial

Synonyms: ΟΨΕ, ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΤΕΛΟΣ

Etymology: From the comparative form of the adverb 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'below', indicating a position or time that is subsequent or inferior.

G1651

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-eh-LEN-gxo

Translations: I will expose, I will convict, I will refute, I will reprove, I will rebuke

Notes: This word means to expose, convict, refute, or reprove. It implies bringing something hidden to light, proving someone wrong, or showing them their error. It is used to describe the act of demonstrating the truth or falsehood of a matter, often in a confrontational or corrective manner. This particular form is a future tense verb, indicating an action that will happen.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Future Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΕΛΕΓΧΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΜΑΩ, ΔΙΑΛΕΓΟΜΑΙ

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G3313

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MEH-ross

Translations: part, a part, share, a share, portion, a portion, region, a region, side, a side

Notes: This word refers to a part, share, or portion of something. It can also denote a region or a side. It is commonly used to indicate a division or segment of a whole, or a specific area or direction.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΤΜΗΜΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *smer- 'to allot, assign'. It is related to the verb μείρομαι (meiromai), meaning 'to receive one's share'.

G0000

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-DEIK-noos

Translations: showing, demonstrating, proving, pointing out, exhibiting, manifesting

Notes: This word is a present active participle, masculine or neuter, singular, nominative or accusative, derived from the verb 'ἀποδείκνυμι'. It describes an action of showing, demonstrating, or proving something. It can be used to indicate that someone is making something clear or evident, or establishing a fact through evidence.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΚΝΥΣ, ΦΑΙΝΩΝ, ἘΝΔΕΙΚΝΥΣ

Etymology: The word ἀποδείκνυμι is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb δείκνυμι (deiknymi), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out'. Thus, it literally means 'to show forth' or 'to point out from'.

G0545

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-pee-tha-NON

Translations: implausible, unconvincing, incredible, improbable, unbelievable

Notes: This word describes something that is not persuasive or believable. It is used to indicate that an argument, statement, or event lacks credibility or is highly unlikely to be true. It can be used in a sentence to describe a story or claim that seems too far-fetched to be accepted.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΠΙΣΤΟΣ, ΑΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΠΙΘΑΝΟΝ is derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'un-', and the adjective πιθανός (pithanos), meaning 'persuasive' or 'plausible'.

G5579

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: psyoo-doh-loh-GEE-an

Translations: falsehood, a falsehood, lying, a lie, false speaking

Notes: This word refers to the act of speaking falsely or telling lies. It is a compound word derived from 'ψεῦδος' (pseudos), meaning 'falsehood' or 'lie', and 'λόγος' (logos), meaning 'word' or 'speech'. It describes the characteristic or practice of uttering untruths, often with an intent to deceive. It can be used to describe a specific lie or the general habit of lying.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΨΕΥΔΟΣ, ΨΕΥΔΗΓΟΡΙΑ, ΑΠΑΤΗ

G3398

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: mee-KRON

Translations: small, little, a little, a small thing, a short time

Notes: This word is an adjective that describes something as small in size, quantity, or importance. It can be used to refer to physical smallness, a small amount, or something of lesser significance. In its neuter form, it can also function as a noun meaning 'a small thing' or 'a little bit', or as an adverb meaning 'a little' or 'for a short time'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Masculine or Feminine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΙΚΡΟΣ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'small'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of smallness or littleness.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G0353

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-nah-lah-BOHN

Translations: taking up, having taken up, receiving, assuming, picking up, restoring

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb ἀναλαμβάνω. It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana, meaning 'up' or 'again') and λαμβάνω (lambanō, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). It generally means to take up, pick up, or receive something, often implying an action of lifting or resuming. It can also mean to assume a role or to restore something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΡΩ

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOOT

Translations: this, that, this one, that one, of this, of that, to this, to that

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun and adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific, either nearby or previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, referring to a person or thing. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the context, often emphasizing proximity or a specific reference.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G0979

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: bee-OON-tone

Translations: living, of those living, of living

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to live'. It describes the action of living or existing. In the genitive plural, it often refers to 'those who are living' or 'of the living'. It can be used to describe a group of people who are currently engaged in the act of living or a characteristic pertaining to them.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΖΑΩ, ΖΩΟΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: From βίος (bios), meaning 'life'. It refers to the manner of life or the course of life.

G2842

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: koy-noh-NEE-ahs

Translations: of fellowship, of participation, of communion, of sharing, of contribution, of partnership

Notes: This word refers to the state of having something in common, sharing, or participating with others. It can describe a close relationship or association, a joint undertaking, or a contribution made to a common cause. It is often used in a religious context to describe spiritual communion or fellowship among believers.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΟΧΗ, ΣΥΜΜΕΤΟΧΗ, ΣΥΝΔΕΣΜΟΣ

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-noy

Translations: having become, being, having come to pass, having arisen, having been born, having happened

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be born.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or a state that has been achieved. It often translates as 'having become' or 'those who have become,' indicating a completed action that results in a new state or identity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΕΣ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-toy

Translations: first, foremost, chief, the first, the foremost, the chief, (to) the first, (to) the foremost, (to) the chief

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'first' in order, time, or importance. It can refer to the initial position, the earliest occurrence, or the highest rank. When used substantively, it refers to 'the first ones' or 'the chief ones'. It is often used to describe leaders or those who hold a prominent position.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Dative

Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΕΥΣ

G2663

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-TAR-khan-tes

Translations: beginning, having begun, those who began, those who offered first-fruits

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb καταρχω, meaning 'to begin' or 'to make a beginning'. It can also refer to offering first-fruits or making a preliminary sacrifice. As a participle, it describes an action that has already taken place or is in the process of taking place, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially in a sentence. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (down, against) and the verb ἄρχω (to rule, to begin).

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΝΑΡΞΑΝΤΕΣ

G2237

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hay-meh-ROH-tee

Translations: (to) gentleness, (to) kindness, (to) mildness

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being gentle, kind, or mild. It describes a disposition that is not harsh or severe, but rather characterized by a calm and benevolent nature. It is often used in contexts emphasizing a gentle approach or treatment.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΟΤΗΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word Ἡμερότης (hēmerotēs) is derived from the adjective ἥμερος (hēmeros), meaning 'tame, gentle, mild'.

G0703

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-reh-TAY

Translations: virtue, excellence, praise, a virtue, an excellence

Notes: This word refers to moral excellence, virtue, or goodness. It can also denote a quality of superiority or distinction, often translated as 'excellence' or 'praise'. It is used to describe the inherent good qualities of a person or thing, or actions that demonstrate moral uprightness. In some contexts, it can refer to the praise or renown that comes from such qualities.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣΥΝΗ, ΔΟΞΑ, ΕΠΑΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ἈΡΕΤΗ' is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be derived from the same root as 'ἀρεστός' (arestos), meaning 'pleasing' or 'agreeable'. It has a long history in Greek philosophy, where it was a central concept, often referring to the fulfillment of purpose or function.

G1308

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-nen-GEH-in

Translations: to differ, to excel, to be superior, to carry through, to bear through, to spread abroad

Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'διαφέρω'. It means to carry or bear something through, to spread something abroad, or to differ from others. In many contexts, it conveys the idea of excelling or being superior to others in some quality or action. It can also mean to endure or to be distinguished.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡΕΧΩ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΕΥΩ, ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΩ

G3140

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mar-too-ray-THAY-ee-en

Translations: they might be testified, they might be borne witness to, they might be attested, they might be approved

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to bear witness', 'to testify', 'to give evidence', or 'to be approved'. In this form, it is passive, indicating that the subject is the one being testified about or approved. The optative mood suggests a wish, possibility, or potential action, often translated with 'might' or 'may'. It is a compound word, derived from the root 'μάρτυς' (martys), meaning 'witness'.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Passive, Optative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ, ΣΥΜΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ

G0272

Part of Speech: Adverb, Verb

Sounds like: ah-MEH-ley

Translations: doubtless, certainly, surely, indeed, neglect, be careless, take no care

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'doubtless' or 'certainly', emphasizing a statement. It can also be an imperative form of the verb 'ἀμελέω', meaning 'do not neglect' or 'be careless'. Its meaning depends on the context.

Inflection: Adverb (does not inflect), or Verb (Present Active Imperative, 2nd Person Singular)

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΣ, ΔΗΛΟΝΟΤΙ, ἈΛΗΘΩΣ

Etymology: From ἀ- (a-, 'not') and μέλει (melei, 'it is a care, it concerns'). The root verb ἀμελέω means 'to be careless of, neglect'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G1538

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAS-toy

Translations: each, every, each one, every one, each of them

Notes: This word refers to individuals within a group, emphasizing the distinctness of each member. It is used to indicate that something applies to every single person or thing in a collection, rather than to the group as a whole. For example, it can be used to say 'each one did something' or 'every person received something'.

Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Etymology: From a compound of the prefix 'ek' (out of) and 'kastos' (each). It emphasizes the idea of singling out 'each' from a group.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G0321

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-GINE

Translations: to lead up, to bring up, to put to sea, to offer up, to restore, to return

Notes: ἈΝΑΓΕΙΝ is the present active infinitive form of the verb ἈΝΑΓΩ. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἈΝΑ (up, again) and the verb ἈΓΩ (to lead, to bring). Depending on the context, it can mean to lead or bring something or someone up, to set sail or put to sea, or to offer something up, especially in a sacrificial sense. It can also imply restoration or returning someone to a previous state or place.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ἈΝΕΝΕΓΚΕΙΝ, ἈΝΑΦΕΡΩ, ἈΠΟΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up, again”) + ἄγω (ágō, “to lead, to bring”).

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3401

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mee-MEH-sthai

Translations: to imitate, to mimic, to emulate, to follow

Notes: This word means to imitate, mimic, or emulate someone or something. It is often used in the sense of following an example, whether good or bad. It is a deponent verb, meaning it has a passive form but an active meaning.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΖΗΛΟΩ, ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ

Etymology: The word μιμέομαι (mimeomai) comes from μῖμος (mimos), meaning 'imitator' or 'actor'. It is the source of English words like 'mimic' and 'mime'.

G1392

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dox-OH-sin

Translations: they may glorify, they may praise, they may honor, they may exalt, they may think, they may suppose

Notes: This is a verb that means to glorify, praise, honor, or exalt. It can also mean to think or suppose, especially in classical Greek, though in Koine it more commonly refers to giving glory. It is used to describe an action that a group of people (they) might do, such as glorifying God or praising someone.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Future, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΑΙΝΕΣΩΣΙΝ, ΤΙΜΗΣΩΣΙΝ

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-teh-ROOS

Translations: others, other ones

Notes: This word means 'other' or 'another' of a different kind, implying a distinction or difference from something previously mentioned or understood. It is used to refer to individuals or things that are distinct from a primary group or item. For example, 'he spoke to others' would imply he spoke to people who were different from a specific group.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the English word 'other'.

G0243

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-loys

Translations: to others, for others, with others, other, another

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'with'. It is a common word used to distinguish one group or item from another.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G5262

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-fay-GAY-sas-thai

Translations: to lead, to guide, to show the way, to instruct, to explain, to set forth, to give an example

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to lead the way,' 'to guide,' or 'to instruct.' It implies showing someone how to do something or explaining a concept in detail. It can also mean 'to set forth' or 'to give an example.' It is often used in contexts where someone is providing direction or teaching.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΟΔΗΓΕΩ, ΔΙΔΑΣΚΩ, ΕΞΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ὑπό (hypó), meaning 'under' or 'from below,' and the verb ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide.' Thus, it literally means 'to lead from under' or 'to lead by showing the way.'

G2192

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ekh-ON-tone

Translations: of having, of holding, of possessing, of those who have, of those who hold, of those who possess

Notes: This word is the genitive plural masculine, feminine, or neuter participle of the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have', 'to hold', or 'to possess'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that is in the act of having or holding. In the genitive plural, it often translates as 'of those who have' or 'of the ones possessing', indicating possession or a characteristic of a group.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΩΝ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΩΝ

G0945

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: BEL-tis-tah

Translations: best, the best, most excellent, most virtuous, very well, excellently

Notes: This word is the superlative form of 'good' (ἀγαθός), meaning 'best' or 'most excellent'. It can function as an adjective, describing something as the best, or as an adverb, meaning 'very well' or 'excellently'. In the provided examples, 'τα βέλτιστα' (ta beltista) refers to 'the best things' or 'the most excellent things'.

Inflection: Superlative, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative; or Adverb

Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΑ, ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΑ

G4920

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-ee-DEIN

Translations: to see together, to perceive, to discern, to understand, to comprehend, to realize, to observe, to notice

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb ὁράω (horaō, meaning 'to see'). It means to see or perceive something together, or to understand and comprehend it fully. It implies a deeper level of perception or insight beyond mere observation, often involving a realization or discernment of a situation or truth. It can be used to describe the act of noticing or observing something, or coming to an understanding of it.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΕΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

G5087

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: tee-theh-MEH-nohn

Translations: of those placing, of those laying, of those setting, of those putting

Notes: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ means to place, lay, set, or put something. ΤΙΘΕΜΕΝΩΝ is a present participle derived from this verb, indicating an ongoing action. It describes 'those who are placing' or 'those who are being placed/laid/set/put', depending on the voice. As a genitive plural, it often functions to describe the possessor or source of something, or the object of a preposition that takes the genitive.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to put, place'. It is a reduplicated root aorist verb in Ancient Greek, indicating a fundamental action of positioning.

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thooss

Translations: of a multitude, of a crowd, of a great number, of a throng, of a quantity, of a great amount, of a fullness, of a great company

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things, a multitude, or a crowd. It can also denote a great amount or fullness. It is used to describe a large gathering of people or a significant quantity of something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΜΑ

Etymology: From the root *pleth-, related to the idea of being full or abundant. It is connected to the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁- meaning 'to fill'.

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G3346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tah-BAL-lein

Translations: to change, to turn, to alter, to transform, to shift, to reverse

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and 'βάλλω' (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. As an infinitive, it means 'to change' or 'to turn'. It describes the act of altering something from one state or condition to another, or of turning oneself or something else around. It can refer to a physical change, a change in opinion, or a change in circumstances.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ, ΜΕΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΜΕΤΑΜΟΡΦΟΩ

G5346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: FEE-mee

Translations: say, speak, declare, affirm, assert

Notes: This verb means 'to say,' 'to speak,' or 'to declare.' It is often used to introduce direct speech or to affirm a statement. It can be used in various tenses and moods to express an action of speaking or stating something.

Inflection: Present Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular; or Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: From a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak, tell, say.' It is related to Latin 'fari' (to speak) and English 'fame'.

G3421

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mnee-moh-NEV-oh-men-ohn

Translations: remembered, being remembered, of those being remembered, of those who are remembered

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being remembered' or 'those who are remembered'. It describes an action that is currently happening to the subject. As a genitive plural, it often functions to indicate possession or relationship, translating to 'of those who are remembered' or 'of things being remembered'.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΕΜΝΗΜΕΝΩΝ, ΑΝΑΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G4254

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-AH-gayn

Translations: to lead forth, to go before, to precede, to advance, to proceed, to bring forth, to bring out

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρό (pro, 'before') and the verb ἄγω (ago, 'to lead'). It means to lead someone or something forward, to go ahead of others, or to advance in a particular direction. It can be used in contexts of physical movement, like leading an army, or in a more abstract sense, like progressing in a task.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρό (pro, 'before') and ἄγω (agō, 'to lead').

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: loo-KOOR-goy

Translations: Lycurguses, men like Lycurgus

Notes: This word refers to Lycurgus, the legendary lawgiver of Sparta, or more generally, to individuals who are lawgivers or founders of legal systems, similar to Lycurgus. It is used in the plural to denote multiple such figures or a class of them.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Lycurgus (Λυκοῦργος) is of Greek origin, meaning 'wolf-worker' or 'wolf-repeller', derived from λύκος (lykos, 'wolf') and ἔργον (ergon, 'work') or perhaps from the root of ἀργός (argos, 'idle, swift'). It is associated with the legendary Spartan lawgiver.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: zah-LEF-kos

Translations: Zaleucus

Notes: Zaleucus was a legendary lawgiver of Locri Epizephyrii, an ancient Greek city in Magna Graecia (southern Italy). He is traditionally credited with drafting the first written code of laws for a Greek city-state, which was known for its severity and strictness. His laws were said to have been in effect for over 200 years.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Zaleucus is of Greek origin, though its precise etymology is uncertain. It is associated with the legendary lawgiver of Locri.

G2296

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: thav-mah-ZOH-meh-noy

Translations: being wondered at, being amazed, being marveled at, those being wondered at, those being amazed

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being wondered at' or 'being amazed'. It describes someone or something that is the object of wonder or astonishment. It can be used adjectivally to describe a noun, or adverbially to describe the circumstances of an action.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative or Vocative, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΚΘΑΜΒΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G4404

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-ayn

Translations: formerly, before, previously, a while ago, just now

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating a past time, meaning 'formerly' or 'previously'. It refers to something that happened a short time ago, or at an earlier point in time. It can be used to contrast with the present or to refer to events that occurred 'just now' or 'a while ago'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΑΡΤΙ

Etymology: From the Greek word 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before', combined with a suffix indicating time. It refers to a time 'before' the present moment.

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-non

Translations: that (one), him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It refers to something distant in space or time, or something previously mentioned or understood from the context. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, meaning 'that one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'that [noun]'. In this form, it is used for a masculine singular object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ὉΔΕ

Etymology: The word ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ (ekeinos) is derived from the adverb ἐκεῖ (ekei), meaning 'there'. It refers to something 'over there' or 'that one there', indicating distance.

G3846

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-bal-LOH-me-noy

Translations: comparing, having compared, risking, exposing, venturing, throwing beside, putting alongside, bringing together, encountering, arriving, putting in, landing

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'παραβάλλω'. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (beside, alongside) and 'βάλλω' (to throw, to cast). Depending on the context, it can mean 'comparing' or 'putting alongside' (middle voice), or 'being compared' or 'being put alongside' (passive voice). It can also convey the sense of 'risking' or 'exposing oneself' (middle voice), or 'arriving' or 'landing' (often in nautical contexts).

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΚΡΙΝΩ, ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΙΖΩ

G5316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: fah-EE-non-tai

Translations: they appear, they seem, they are seen, they shine

Notes: This word is a verb that means 'to appear,' 'to seem,' 'to be seen,' or 'to shine.' It is used to describe something becoming visible, evident, or manifest. It can also describe something giving light or being perceived in a certain way.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΦΑΙΝΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to shine' or 'to show.' It is related to words describing light, appearance, and manifestation.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-go-NO-tes

Translations: having become, having come into being, having happened, having been born, having been made

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' or 'to happen.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed in the past and has ongoing relevance. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, often indicating a state of having become or having happened.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ

G3361, G3366

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MAYD

Translations: not, lest, neither, nor, not even

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express prohibition, a negative condition, or a negative wish. It often appears in conjunction with other words, such as in the compound word 'μηδέ' (neither, nor, not even) or 'μηδαμῶς' (by no means). It is used with the subjunctive mood to forbid an action or express a negative purpose. It can also indicate a negative consequence or a fear that something might happen.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΚ, ΟΥΧ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *meh₂- (not). It is a primary negative particle, expressing a subjective or conditional negation.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: it, itself, the same

Notes: This word is a versatile pronoun and adjective. As a pronoun, it typically means 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' or 'they,' depending on its gender and number. When used as an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or serve as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the noun it modifies, such as 'himself,' 'herself,' 'itself,' or 'themselves.' Its meaning is highly dependent on its grammatical case, number, and gender within a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: This word is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'that, that one.' It developed into the Greek pronoun and adjective 'autos,' retaining its core sense of identity or self.

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: too-NO-mah

Translations: the name, a name

Notes: This word is a crasis (a contraction of two words into one) of the definite article "τὸ" (to, meaning 'the') and the noun "ὄνομα" (onoma, meaning 'name'). It means "the name" and functions as a singular, neuter noun, typically in the nominative or accusative case. It is used to refer to a specific name or reputation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter (crasis of the definite article and noun)

Etymology: The word ὄνομα (onoma) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for 'name' in many other Indo-European languages.

G3819

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pa-LAI

Translations: long ago, of old, formerly, anciently

Notes: This word is an adverb of time, meaning 'long ago' or 'of old'. It is used to refer to events or states that occurred in the distant past. It can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, indicating that the action or quality described happened or existed a considerable time before the present.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝΩΘΕΝ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to spread, flat'. In Greek, it developed to refer to something that is 'old' or 'ancient', leading to its use as an adverb for 'long ago'.

G1097

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-gih-GNO-skeh-toh

Translations: was known, was being known, was learning, was being learned, was perceiving, was being perceived, was understanding, was being understood

Notes: This word is the imperfect middle/passive indicative form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō), meaning 'to know', 'to learn', 'to perceive', or 'to understand'. The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past. In the middle voice, it could mean 'was knowing for oneself' or 'was coming to know', while in the passive voice, it means 'was being known' or 'was being learned/understood'. Its specific meaning depends on the context.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the English word 'know'.

G3144

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MAR-toos

Translations: witness, a witness, martyr, a martyr

Notes: This word refers to a witness, someone who gives testimony or evidence, often in a legal or judicial context. In later Christian usage, it also came to mean a 'martyr,' someone who bears witness to their faith by suffering death. It can be used to describe a person who has seen or heard something and can provide an account of it, or someone who attests to the truth of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΟΝ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΡΤΥΣ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to remember' or 'to be mindful of,' which evolved to mean 'to bear witness' or 'to testify.'

G3734

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: OH-may-ross

Translations: Homer

Notes: This word refers to Homer, the legendary ancient Greek epic poet. He is traditionally credited with authoring the Iliad and the Odyssey, two of the most influential works of Western literature. In ancient Greek texts, his name is used to refer to the poet himself or his works.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of 'Homer' is uncertain. One theory suggests it derives from the Greek 'homeros' (ὅμηρος), meaning 'hostage' or 'pledge'. Another theory connects it to 'homou' (ὁμοῦ) meaning 'together' and 'ararisko' (ἀραρίσκω) meaning 'to fit', suggesting 'one who fits songs together'.

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: oo-DAH-moo

Translations: nowhere, not anywhere

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'nowhere' or 'not anywhere'. It is used to indicate a complete absence of location or presence. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He was found nowhere' or 'There is no justice anywhere'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (locative adverb)

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΟΥ̓ΔΕΠΟΤΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΔΑΜΟΣ (oudamos) is a compound word formed from ΟΥ̓ΔΕ (oude), meaning 'not even' or 'nor', and ΔΑΜΟΣ (damos), a poetic or archaic form of ΔΗΜΟΣ (demos), meaning 'people' or 'district'. Thus, it literally means 'not even in any district' or 'not even among any people', evolving to mean 'nowhere'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G5530

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: KHRAY-sah-meh-nos

Translations: using, having used, employing, having employed, dealing with, having dealt with

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'χράομαι' (chraomai), meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, functioning like an adjective or adverb. It indicates someone who is 'using' or 'having used' something, or 'employing' or 'having employed' a method or resource. It can also imply 'dealing with' or 'having dealt with' a situation or person.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΧΡΩΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΧΩΝ

Etymology: The word χράομαι (chraomai) comes from an earlier form χράω (chraō), meaning 'to furnish what is needful'. It is related to χείρ (cheir), meaning 'hand', suggesting the idea of handling or dealing with something.

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AF

Translations: from, away from, by, of

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΑΠΟ (APO), which means 'from' or 'away from'. The final vowel of ΑΠΟ is dropped (elided) when it precedes a word that begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the apostrophe-like symbol over the vowel). It indicates separation, origin, or cause, often translated as 'from' or 'away from'. It can also denote the agent 'by' or the source 'of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab, English off, and German ab.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G3360

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during

Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ

Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.

G1265

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-MEH-nan

Translations: they remained, they continued, they abode, they endured

Notes: This word means to remain or continue through a period of time or a situation. It implies persistence or endurance. It is used to describe actions that were completed in the past by a group of people.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'throughout', and μένω (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. It signifies remaining or continuing through a period or circumstance.

G1485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EH-theh-sin

Translations: to customs, by customs, with customs, to habits, by habits, with habits, to ways, by ways, with ways

Notes: This word refers to established customs, habits, or ways of doing things within a society or group. It describes the traditional practices or behaviors that are commonly followed. In this inflected form, it indicates the indirect object or means by which something is done, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'by', or 'with'.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΣ, ΤΡΟΠΟΣ, ΣΥΝΗΘΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἔθος (ethos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *swedʰ- meaning 'custom, habit'. It is related to words signifying 'one's own' or 'peculiar to oneself', implying a characteristic way of being or acting.

G5530

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: khro-MEH-noy

Translations: using, employing, dealing with, having dealings with, those using, those employing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'. It describes someone who is actively engaged in using or dealing with something. It can refer to people who are accustomed to something or who are in the habit of doing something.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative or Vocative, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΕΧΡΗΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: From an assumed root *χρα-, meaning 'to handle, to use'.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

G4923

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soon-TOONG-kha-non

Translations: meeting with, happening with, encountering, conversing with, associating with

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'συντυγχάνω', meaning to meet with, happen with, or encounter. It describes an action of coming together or interacting with someone or something, often implying a chance encounter or a deliberate meeting. It can also refer to conversing or associating with others.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΟΜΙΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'συντυγχάνω' is a compound verb formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'τυγχάνω' (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen', 'to obtain', or 'to meet'. Thus, it literally means 'to happen together' or 'to meet with'.

G3346

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: meh-tah-TEE-then-tes

Translations: changing, transferring, removing, altering, moving, shifting, translating, turning away, deserting

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'μετά' (meta, meaning 'with' or 'after') and 'τίθημι' (tithēmi, meaning 'to place' or 'to put'). It generally means to change the position or state of something, to transfer, remove, or alter. It can also imply a change of allegiance or a desertion. In a sentence, it would describe an action of moving or altering something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΜΕΤΑΚΙΝΕΩ

G3550

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: noh-moh-THEH-tays

Translations: lawgiver, a lawgiver

Notes: This word refers to someone who establishes or enacts laws. It can describe a person who creates a legal system or a divine being who gives commandments. It is typically used in a nominative case to identify the subject as the lawgiver.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΔΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: This is a compound word derived from two Greek words: ΝΟΜΟΣ (NOMOS), meaning 'law', and ΤΙΘΗΜΙ (TITHĒMI), meaning 'to place' or 'to set'. Thus, it literally means 'one who places or sets laws'.

G1096

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-GON-os

Translations: having become, having been, being, who has become, who has been

Notes: This word is the perfect active participle of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai), meaning 'to become', 'to be', 'to come into being', or 'to happen'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed and has ongoing results. It often translates as 'having become' or 'having been', indicating a state or condition resulting from a past action. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the one having become king'.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

Etymology: The verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, indicating a process of becoming or happening, as opposed to a static state of being.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G1223

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: DAY-poo-then

Translations: doubtless, of course, surely, certainly, perhaps, probably

Notes: This word is an adverb that expresses a degree of certainty or probability. It is often used to mean 'doubtless' or 'of course,' implying something that is obvious or to be expected. It can also convey a sense of 'perhaps' or 'probably' in some contexts, suggesting a strong likelihood rather than absolute certainty. It is a compound word formed from the particles 'δη' (indeed), 'που' (somewhere, perhaps), and 'θεν' (from where, indicating origin or source).

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΝΟΤΙ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΠΑΝΤΩΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound adverb formed from the particles δῆ (dē, 'indeed, truly'), πού (pou, 'somewhere, perhaps'), and the suffix -θεν (-then, 'from, indicating origin or source'). It developed to express certainty or probability.

G3670

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-moh-loh-GAY-tai

Translations: it is confessed, it is acknowledged, it is agreed, it is declared

Notes: This word is the third person singular, present indicative, passive form of the verb ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ. It means 'it is confessed' or 'it is acknowledged'. It describes an action where something is admitted, agreed upon, or declared by others, rather than by the subject itself. For example, 'It is confessed that he is innocent.'

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΟΜΟΛΟΓΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ is a compound word derived from the Greek words ὁμός (homos), meaning 'same' or 'one and the same', and λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. Thus, it literally means 'to say the same thing' or 'to agree with'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G3930

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-ES-khen

Translations: he provided, she provided, it provided, he granted, she granted, it granted, he gave, she gave, it gave, he caused, she caused, it caused, he showed, she showed, it showed

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para, 'beside, from') and the verb ἔχω (echō, 'to have, to hold'). It means to provide, furnish, grant, give, or cause something. It can also mean to show or present. It is used to describe the act of making something available or bringing something about.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The verb παρέχω is a compound of the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Its meaning evolved from 'to hold out' or 'to offer' to 'to provide' or 'to grant'.

G0712

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: ah-RIS-ton

Translations: breakfast, dinner, a breakfast, a dinner, best, excellent

Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'breakfast' or 'dinner', referring to the first or main meal of the day. It can also be an adjective meaning 'best' or 'most excellent'. As a noun, it is often used in the neuter form to refer to 'the best thing' or 'the meal'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΠΝΟΝ, ΠΡΩΙΝΟΝ

Etymology: From the root ἀρετή (aretē), meaning 'excellence' or 'virtue'. It originally referred to the best or most excellent, and later came to denote the best meal.

G4823

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: sym-BOO-lon

Translations: counselor, advisor, consultant, a counselor, an advisor, an assistant, advising, consulting

Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'counselor' or 'advisor,' or as an adjective meaning 'advising' or 'consulting.' It refers to someone who gives advice or counsel, or something that pertains to giving advice. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and 'βουλή' (boulē), meaning 'counsel' or 'plan.'

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΚΛΗΤΟΣ

G2682

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tah-skay-OOH-ayn

Translations: preparation, a preparation, construction, a construction, building, a building, equipment, an equipment, furnishing, a furnishing

Notes: This word refers to the act or process of preparing, constructing, or equipping something. It can denote the finished product of such an activity, like a building or a set of furnishings. It is often used in contexts related to the creation or arrangement of physical structures or necessary provisions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΗ, ΕΤΟΙΜΑΣΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΣΜΑ

G0979

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BEE-oo

Translations: of life, of livelihood, of means of living, a life

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΒΙΟΣ' (bios), which refers to life, especially in the sense of one's earthly existence, way of life, or means of living. It can also refer to one's livelihood or possessions. As a genitive form, 'ΒΙΟΥ' often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of life' or 'of livelihood' depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΖΩΗΝ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷih₃-wo-s, meaning 'living'. It is related to the verb 'ζάω' (zaō), meaning 'to live'.

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEI-sen

Translations: persuaded, convinced, prevailed upon

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'πείθω' (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to convince'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, where someone successfully convinced or prevailed upon another person or group to do something. It is often used in contexts where an argument or appeal leads to a change in someone's mind or actions.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΠΕΙΘΩ, ΠΑΡΑΠΕΙΘΩ

G3858

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-DEK-sas-thai

Translations: to receive, to accept, to admit, to welcome

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'δέχομαι' (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. Together, it means to receive or accept something or someone, often with the nuance of welcoming or admitting them. It can be used in contexts of receiving teachings, people, or ideas.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

G0949

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: beh-bah-ee-oh-TAH-teen

Translations: most certain, a most certain, most firm, a most firm, most sure, a most sure, most steadfast, a most steadfast

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'ΒΕΒΑΙΟΣ' (bebaios), meaning 'certain', 'firm', or 'sure'. As a superlative, it means 'most certain', 'most firm', or 'most sure'. It is used to describe something that is exceedingly stable, reliable, or confirmed. In a sentence, it would modify a feminine singular noun in the accusative case, indicating the object of an action or the extent of something.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine, Superlative

Synonyms: ΑΣΦΑΛΕΣΤΑΤΗΝ, ΠΙΣΤΟΤΑΤΗΝ, ΣΤΑΘΕΡΟΤΑΤΗΝ

G5442