Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Josephus' Against Apion / Book One / Chapter 8Book One, Chapter 8
Interlinear version from Josephus' Against Apion (Beta)
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G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G3461
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: my-ri-A-des
Translations: ten thousands, myriads, countless thousands
Notes: This word refers to a very large, indefinite number, specifically ten thousand. In its plural form, it can mean 'ten thousands' or 'myriads,' often used to denote an innumerable or countless quantity. It is used to describe a vast multitude of people or things.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Feminine
G0976
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bib-LEE-ohn
Translations: of books, of scrolls, of writings, of documents
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'βιβλίον' (biblion), meaning 'book' or 'scroll'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of books' or 'belonging to books'. For example, one might speak 'of the contents of books' or 'the reading of scrolls'. It is a compound word, derived from 'βίβλος' (biblos), which refers to the inner bark of the papyrus plant, used for writing material.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΟΣ, ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΑ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-see
Translations: they are
Notes: This word is the third person plural present indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to state existence or to link a subject to a predicate, indicating what the subject is or what quality it possesses. For example, 'they are good' or 'they are people'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: pa-RAH
Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a
Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.
G2254
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HEE-meen
Translations: (to) us, (for) us, us
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the first-person plural pronoun 'we'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to us' or 'for us'. It can also signify possession or benefit/detriment for 'us'. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He gave the book to us' or 'This is good for us'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Dative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the first-person plural pronoun in other Indo-European languages.
G801
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-sym-PHOH-nohn
Translations: (of) discordant, (of) disagreeing, (of) inconsistent, (of) out of harmony
Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning 'discordant,' 'disagreeing,' or 'inconsistent.' It describes something that is not in agreement or harmony with something else. It is formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not'), 'σύν' (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together'), and 'φωνή' (phōnē, meaning 'sound' or 'voice'). Thus, it literally means 'not sounding together' or 'not in agreement of sound/voice.' It is used to describe things that are at odds or in conflict.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ἈΣΥΜΦΩΝΟΣ, ΔΙΑΦΩΝΟΣ, ἈΣΥΜΦΥΗΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΣΥΜΦΩΝΟΣ is derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-, 'not'), combined with the word σύμφωνος (sýmphōnos), meaning 'harmonious' or 'agreeing.' Σύμφωνος itself comes from σύν (syn, 'with, together') and φωνή (phōnē, 'sound, voice').
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3164
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ma-KHO-me-non
Translations: of fighting, of contending, of warring, of struggling
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'machomai', meaning 'to fight' or 'to contend'. As a genitive plural participle, it describes the action of 'those who are fighting' or 'those who are contending'. It is often used to indicate the participants in a conflict or struggle, or to describe the state of being engaged in battle.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΑΓΩΝΙΖΟΜΕΝΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient root related to conflict and struggle. It is connected to the concept of battle and combat.
G1417
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEE-oh
Translations: two
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'two'. It is used to indicate a quantity of two of something. It is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'two'.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3441
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: MOH-nah
Translations: alone, only, solitary, by oneself, by themselves
Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ' (monos), meaning 'alone' or 'only'. When used in the phrase 'κατα μονας' (kata monas), it functions adverbially to mean 'by oneself' or 'privately'. It describes a state of being solitary or isolated.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative/Accusative/Vocative Singular; or Neuter, Nominative/Accusative Plural. Often used adverbially in the phrase 'κατα μονας'.
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΣ, ΕΡΗΜΟΣ
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1501
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: EYE-koh-see
Translations: twenty
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'twenty'. It is used to indicate a quantity of twenty units and is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change based on gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *wikm̥ti, meaning 'twenty'. It is related to Latin viginti and Sanskrit viṃśati.
G976
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEE-blee-ah
Translations: books, scrolls, writings, a book, a scroll, a writing
Notes: This word refers to books, scrolls, or other written documents. It is the plural form of 'βιβλίον' (biblion). It can be used to describe any collection of written material, from a single scroll to a collection of many books.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΑ, ΣΥΓΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΑ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tos
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) whole, (of) each
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ΠΑΣ' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'. It can refer to a part of a whole, or to the entirety of something. For example, 'of all things' or 'of every person'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: EKH-on-tah
Translations: having, holding, possessing, keeping, holding fast, the one having
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'having' or 'holding'. It describes an ongoing action of possession or holding. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun that 'has' something, or adverbially, indicating the manner in which an action is performed (e.g., 'while having'). In the provided examples, it describes things that 'do not have' a leader, trees 'having' branches, and 'the one having' all power.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΑ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΝ
G5550
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHRO-noo
Translations: (of) time, time
Notes: This word refers to time, a period, or a season. It is a masculine noun and is used to denote a duration or a specific point in time. In this genitive form, it often indicates possession or a relationship of origin, such as 'of time' or 'belonging to time'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΑΙΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΧΡΟΝΟΣ (chronos) is of uncertain origin, but it is an ancient Greek word that has been in use since Homeric times. It refers to sequential, measurable time.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G0332
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-grah-FANE
Translations: registration, a registration, record, a record, list, a list, enrollment, an enrollment, description, a description
Notes: This word refers to the act of writing down or recording something, such as a list, register, or description. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀνά' (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It is used to denote a formal or official record or enrollment.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΗ, ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΗ, ΓΡΑΦΗ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G1346
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: dee-KAH-ee-ohss
Translations: righteously, justly, rightly
Notes: This word describes an action or state that is in accordance with what is right, just, or fair. It indicates that something is done in a righteous or equitable manner, often implying moral correctness or adherence to divine law. It can be used to describe how someone acts or how something is judged.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΡΘΩΣ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ
G4100
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Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: peh-pis-TEV-meh-nah
Translations: things entrusted, things committed, things believed, things put in trust
Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle, neuter plural, of the verb 'ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ' (pisteuō), meaning 'to believe' or 'to trust'. As a participle, it functions adjectivally or substantively. In the neuter plural, it typically refers to 'the things that have been entrusted' or 'the things that have been believed/committed'. It describes something that has been reliably handed over or confided in, often implying a responsibility or a truth that has been accepted.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΚΑΤΑΘΗΚΗ, ΠΑΡΑΘΗΚΗ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-tone
Translations: of these, of them
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of these' or 'of them', referring to things or people previously mentioned or understood from context. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΩΝ
G4002
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: PEN-teh
Translations: five
Notes: This word means 'five' and is used to denote the quantity of five units. It is an indeclinable numeral, meaning its form does not change regardless of the gender, case, or number of the noun it modifies. It functions like an adjective, specifying the count of something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'five' and Latin 'quinque'.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tee
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being. For example, it can mean 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or simply 'is' in a sentence.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with the English word 'is' and Latin 'est'.
G3475
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: moh-y-SEH-ohs
Translations: of Moses
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Moses'. It refers to the biblical figure Moses, the prophet who led the Israelites out of Egypt. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to 'belonging to Moses' or 'from Moses'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix
Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)
Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-
Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).
Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.
Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G3551
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: noh-MOOS
Translations: laws, a law
Notes: This word refers to a law, custom, or principle. It is often used in the plural to refer to a body of laws, such as the Mosaic Law. In this form, it is used as the direct object of a verb or preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΘΕΣΜΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΕΝΤΟΛΗ
G4022
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-EH-khei
Translations: it contains, it holds, it surrounds, it includes, it embraces, it comprehends, it holds fast
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to contain,' 'to hold,' 'to surround,' or 'to include.' It describes something that encloses or encompasses another thing, either physically or conceptually. It can also mean to comprehend or embrace a concept, or to hold fast to something.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Active Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek περί (peri, 'around') and ἔχω (echō, 'to have, to hold'). It literally means 'to hold around' or 'to encompass'.
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: AP
Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since
Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.
Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: an-thro-po-go-NEE-as
Translations: of the origin of man, of human generation, of the generation of man
Notes: This word is a compound noun referring to the origin or generation of humanity. It combines the Greek word for 'man' (ἄνθρωπος) with a term related to 'birth' or 'origin' (γονία). It is used to describe the beginning or lineage of the human race.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The word is a compound of ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos, 'man, human being') and γονία (gonia, 'birth, origin, generation'), derived from γένος (genos, 'race, stock, kin').
G3862
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pah-rah-DOH-sin
Translations: tradition, a tradition, handing over, surrender, delivery
Notes: This word refers to something handed down or transmitted, such as a custom, teaching, or doctrine. It can also mean the act of handing over or delivering something, including the surrender of a person or a place. In a general sense, it describes the process or result of passing something from one person or generation to another.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΧΗ, ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑ
G3360
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEKH-ree
Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during
Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ
Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G5056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: teh-lew-TEES
Translations: of death, of an end, of a completion
Notes: This word refers to the act of dying, the end of life, or the completion of something. It is often used in contexts related to mortality or the conclusion of an event or process. In a sentence, it would typically function as a possessive or descriptive modifier, indicating something belonging to or related to death or an end.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΑΝΑΤΟΥ, ΠΕΡΑΣ
Etymology: The word τελευτή (teleutē) comes from the verb τελευτάω (teleutaō), meaning 'to finish, complete, die'. It is related to τέλος (telos), meaning 'end, goal, completion'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OO-tos
Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G5550
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHROH-nos
Translations: time, a time, period, season, age
Notes: This word refers to a period of time, whether a specific duration, a season, or a general era. It can denote chronological time, a specific point in time, or a duration. It is often used to describe the passage of time or a particular interval.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΑΙΩΝ
Etymology: From an unknown root. It refers to a period of time, often contrasted with 'kairos' which refers to a specific, opportune time.
G0620
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-LI-pee
Translations: leaves, remains, is left behind, is lacking, fails, abandons
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to leave behind, to abandon, to fail, or to be lacking. It can describe something that is left over or remaining, or something that is absent or deficient. It is often used to indicate a state of being left behind or a failure to appear or exist.
Inflection: Present Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, ΥΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ
G5140
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: trees-KHEE-lee-ohn
Translations: of three thousand
Notes: This word means 'three thousand'. It is a compound numeral, combining 'τρίς' (tris), meaning 'thrice' or 'three times', and 'χίλιοι' (chilioi), meaning 'thousand'. It is used to denote a quantity of three thousand units of something, often appearing in the genitive case to indicate possession or a part of a larger group.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Etymology: The word ΤΡΙΣΧΙΛΙΟΙ is a compound of τρίς (tris), meaning 'thrice' or 'three times', and χίλιοι (chilioi), meaning 'thousand'. Both components are ancient Greek terms.
G3640
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oh-li-GOH-oh
Translations: I make little, I diminish, I despise, I make light of, I belittle
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make little, to diminish, to despise, or to belittle'. It describes the action of reducing something in size, importance, or value. It can be used in contexts where someone or something is being made insignificant or treated with contempt.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΜΕΙΟΩ, ἘΛΑΤΤΟΩ, ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΩ
Etymology: The verb ὈΛΙΓΟΩ (oligoo) is derived from the adjective ὈΛΙΓΟΣ (oligos), meaning 'little, few'. It describes the action of making something 'little' or 'few'.
G2094
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-TON
Translations: of years, years
Notes: This word is a noun meaning 'year'. It is used here in the genitive plural form, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of years' or simply 'years' in context where the genitive case implies duration or a point in time. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'a man of many years' or 'after many years'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
G0750
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ar-tak-SERK-soo
Translations: Artaxerxes, (of) Artaxerxes
Notes: This is the name of several Persian kings, most notably Artaxerxes I Longimanus, who reigned during the time of Ezra and Nehemiah. It is used to refer to the king or, in its genitive form, to indicate possession or origin related to him.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The name Artaxerxes is of Old Persian origin, derived from 'Arta-khshathra', meaning 'whose kingdom is through truth' or 'he who rules through righteousness'. It was adopted into Greek.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3594
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KSER-xayn
Translations: Xerxes
Notes: This is the name of a famous Persian king, Xerxes I, who reigned from 486 to 465 BC. He is known for his invasion of Greece, which included the battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. In Koine Greek texts, this name is used to refer to him as a historical figure.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G4067
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: PER-sohn
Translations: of Persians, Persians
Notes: This word refers to the people of Persia, an ancient empire. It is used to denote origin or possession, often appearing in phrases like 'King of the Persians'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The word 'Πέρσης' (Perses) is derived from the Old Persian word 'Pārsa', which was the name of the people and their land.
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ohs
Translations: (of) a king, (of) king
Notes: This word refers to a monarch or sovereign ruler. It is used to denote the leader of a kingdom or nation. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to a king' or 'from a king'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G3475
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: moy-SEEN
Translations: Moses
Notes: This is the name of the great prophet and lawgiver, Moses, who led the Israelites out of Egypt. In this form, it is used as the direct object of a verb or preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
G4396
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-FEE-tai
Translations: prophets, (to) prophets, (of) prophets
Notes: This word refers to individuals who speak on behalf of God or a deity, often foretelling future events or delivering divine messages. In Koine Greek, it is a masculine noun. The form 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΑΙ' is the plural form, which can function as nominative (the subject of a sentence), dative (indicating to whom or for whom something is done), or vocative (used for direct address).
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Dative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΕΙΣ, ΧΡΗΣΜΟΛΟΓΟΙ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΗΣ' comes from the Greek prefix 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'for', and 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. Thus, it literally means 'one who speaks before' or 'one who speaks for' (another).
G2596
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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition
Sounds like: KAT
Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during
Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos). It is used to refer to a group of male or mixed-gender individuals as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can mean 'them' or, when used emphatically, 'themselves'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
G4238
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: prakh-THEN-tah
Translations: things done, deeds, actions, what was done, what has been done
Notes: This word is the neuter plural perfect passive participle of the verb 'πράσσω' (prassō), meaning 'to do' or 'to accomplish'. It refers to things that have been done or accomplished. It is often used substantively, meaning it functions as a noun, referring to the actions or deeds themselves.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Perfect, Passive
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΑ, ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑ
G4925
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-eh-GRAHP-sahn
Translations: they wrote together, they composed, they compiled, they recorded
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (together with) and the verb ΓΡΑΦΩ (to write). It means to write together, to compose, to compile, or to record. It is used to describe the action of multiple people writing something jointly or one person compiling a written work.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΩ, ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΣΥΝΤΑΤΤΩ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G5140
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: TREE-see
Translations: to three, for three, by three, with three, three
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the numeral 'three'. It is used to indicate the number three in contexts requiring the dative case, such as indicating an indirect object, an instrument, or a location. It can be translated as 'to three', 'for three', 'by three', or 'with three', depending on the specific grammatical construction.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders
G1176
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEH-kah
Translations: ten
Notes: This word means 'ten' and is used to denote the number 10. It is an indeclinable numeral, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number in a sentence. It can be used to count objects or refer to a quantity of ten.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar words for 'ten' in other Indo-European languages.
G0976
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEE-blee-oys
Translations: to books, in books, on books, by books
Notes: This word refers to books, scrolls, or writings. It is used here in the dative plural, indicating the indirect object or the location/instrument of an action. For example, it could mean 'to books' (as in giving something to books), 'in books' (as in something written in books), 'on books' (as in something placed on books), or 'by means of books'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΑ
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral
Sounds like: AI
Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11
Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)
Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.
G3062
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: LOY-pay
Translations: the remaining, the rest, the others, other
Notes: This word refers to what is left over or remaining from a larger group or quantity. It is used to describe the remaining people, things, or time. For example, it can mean 'the rest of the people' or 'the remaining days'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΙ, ΑΛΛΟΙ
G5064
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: TES-sah-res
Translations: four
Notes: This word means 'four' and is used to denote the quantity of four items or people. It functions as an adjective, agreeing in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. This specific form is used for masculine and feminine nouns in the nominative or accusative case.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar words for 'four' in other Indo-European languages.
G5215
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HYM-noos
Translations: hymns, songs of praise
Notes: This word refers to songs of praise, often specifically to God or a deity. It is used to describe a type of sacred song or ode. In a sentence, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb, indicating what is being sung or offered as praise.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΩΔΑΙ, ΨΑΛΜΟΙ
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-ON
Translations: God, a God
Notes: This word refers to God, a god, or a deity. It is used as the direct object in a sentence, indicating the recipient of an action or the one being referred to. For example, one might 'worship God' (where 'God' would be in the accusative case).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: an-THROH-poys
Translations: to men, for men, to people, for people, to mankind, for mankind
Notes: This word refers to human beings, people, or mankind in general. It is used here in the dative plural, indicating the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' men/people. It can be used in sentences like 'He gave gifts to the people' or 'This is good for mankind'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΙ, ΑΝΔΡΕΣ
G5287
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-po-THEH-kas
Translations: instructions, precepts, injunctions, counsels, advice, suggestions
Notes: This word refers to instructions, precepts, or advice given to someone, often with the implication of guidance or counsel. It can be used to describe a set of directions or a piece of advice that is meant to be followed. For example, one might follow the instructions of a teacher or the advice of a wise person.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΓΓΕΛΜΑΤΑ, ΝΟΜΟΙ
G0979
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEE-oo
Translations: of life, of livelihood, of means of living, a life
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΒΙΟΣ' (bios), which refers to life, especially in the sense of one's earthly existence, way of life, or means of living. It can also refer to one's livelihood or possessions. As a genitive form, 'ΒΙΟΥ' often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of life' or 'of livelihood' depending on the context.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΖΩΗΝ
Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷih₃-wo-s, meaning 'living'. It is related to the verb 'ζάω' (zaō), meaning 'to live'.
G4024
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-EH-khoo-sin
Translations: they contain, they surround, they hold, they embrace, they include, they seize, they comprehend
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to contain', 'to surround', 'to hold around', or 'to embrace'. It can also mean 'to include' or 'to comprehend'. In some contexts, it can mean 'to seize' or 'to lay hold of'. It describes an action where something encompasses or holds something else, either physically or conceptually.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: kath
Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning
Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-mas
Translations: us
Notes: This word is the first-person plural pronoun 'we' in the accusative case. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, meaning 'us'. For example, 'He saw us' or 'They spoke to us'.
Inflection: First-person, Plural, Accusative
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ge-GRAHP-tai
Translations: it is written, it has been written
Notes: This word is a perfect passive verb, meaning 'it has been written' or 'it stands written'. It is frequently used in the New Testament and other ancient Greek texts to refer to scripture or established records, indicating that something is recorded and remains true or valid. It often introduces a quotation from a sacred text.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΓΕΓΡΑΜΜΑΙ, ΓΕΓΡΑΦΘΑΙ
G1538
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: EK-as-tah
Translations: each, every, each one, every one, each thing, every thing
Notes: This word is a distributive adjective or pronoun meaning 'each' or 'every'. It is used to refer to individual items or persons within a group, emphasizing their distinctness. For example, it can mean 'each person' or 'each thing'. When used with a preposition like 'παρά' (pará), as seen in the examples, 'παρ' ἕκαστα' (par' hekasta) means 'in every respect' or 'continually' or 'on every occasion'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Etymology: The word ἕκαστος (hekastos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *se- meaning 'one' or 'apart'. It is an ancient Greek word used to denote individuality within a collective.
G4102
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pis-TEH-ohs
Translations: of faith, of belief, of trust, of conviction
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'πίστις' (pistis), meaning 'faith', 'belief', or 'trust'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' in English. For example, 'the work of faith' or 'by means of faith'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ, ΕΜΠΙΣΤΟΣΥΝΗ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OOKH
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle, meaning "not" or "no." It is used to negate statements of fact or reality. It is a variant of οὐ (ou) and οὐκ (ouk), specifically used before words that begin with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u- (negative particle). It is related to other negative particles in various Indo-European languages.
G3664
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ho-MOY-ahs
Translations: similar, like, resembling, of like nature, of the same kind
Notes: This word describes something that is similar to, like, or resembling something else. It indicates a likeness in nature, form, or quality. It is often used to compare two things, stating that one is 'like' the other. For example, 'a man like God' or 'things of a similar kind'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΙΣΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΣ
G0515
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ay-xee-OH-tai
Translations: has been deemed worthy, has been thought worthy, has been counted worthy, has been considered worthy, has been honored, has been entitled
Notes: This word is a verb in the perfect passive indicative, third person singular. It means 'has been deemed worthy' or 'has been honored'. It describes a state of having been considered or treated as worthy of something, often implying a past action with continuing results. It is frequently used in contexts where someone or something receives a certain status, honor, or privilege.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΑΩ, ΔΟΚΕΩ
Etymology: From ἀξιός (axios, 'worthy, deserving'), which is related to ἄγω (agō, 'to lead, to weigh'). The core idea relates to weighing or valuing something, leading to the sense of deeming worthy.
G4253
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PRO
Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of
Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai
Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born
Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G4396
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-fay-TON
Translations: of prophets
Notes: This word refers to those who speak for God or interpret His will, often foretelling future events. It is a compound word, combining 'pro' (before, forth) and 'phemi' (to speak). It is used to describe individuals who deliver divine messages or act as spokespersons for God.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΙΣ, ΘΕΟΛΟΓΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΗΣ' (prophetes) comes from the Greek prefix 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth', and the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to speak'. Thus, it literally means 'one who speaks forth' or 'one who speaks before' (either in time or on behalf of someone).
G0196
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-kree-BEE
Translations: accurate, exact, precise, strict, careful, an accurate, an exact, a precise, a strict, a careful
Notes: This word describes something as accurate, exact, precise, or strict. It is used to qualify a noun, indicating a high degree of correctness, thoroughness, or adherence to a standard. For example, it can describe a precise measurement, a strict rule, or an accurate account.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ, ΕΞΑΚΡΙΒΩΜΕΝΟΣ
G1243
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-ah-dokh-EEN
Translations: succession, a succession, sequence, a sequence
Notes: This word refers to a succession, a sequence, or a taking over from another. It is used to describe the act of following in order or sequence, often in a position of authority or responsibility. For example, one might speak of the succession of kings or the sequence of events.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΔΟΧΟΣ, ΔΙΑΔΟΧΗ
Etymology: The word "διαδοχή" (diadochē) comes from the Greek verb "διαδέχομαι" (diadechomai), meaning "to receive in turn" or "to succeed." It is formed from "διά" (dia), meaning "through" or "across," and "δέχομαι" (dechomai), meaning "to receive."
G1212
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: DAY-lon
Translations: clear, evident, manifest, obvious, a clear thing
Notes: This word describes something that is clear, evident, or manifest. It is used to indicate that something is easily seen, understood, or proven. For example, one might say that a truth is 'clear' or that a sign is 'evident'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΚΔΗΛΟΣ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ, ΕΜΦΑΝΗΣ
Etymology: From the root *del- meaning 'to show, make clear'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G2038
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ER-goh
Translations: to work, to do, to perform, to labor, to accomplish, to trade
Notes: This verb means to work, to do, or to perform an action. It can refer to physical labor, mental effort, or the execution of a task. It is often used to describe the act of engaging in an activity or bringing something about. For example, one might 'work' a field, 'do' a deed, or 'perform' a miracle.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Active Indicative; or Imperative, Present Active, Second Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΔΡΑΩ
Etymology: The word ἘΡΓΩ (ergō) is related to the noun ἔργον (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. It comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do' or 'to act'.
G4459
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: POHS
Translations: how, in what way, by what means, that, in order that
Notes: ΠΩΣ is an adverb used to inquire about the manner or means by which something occurs, translating to "how" or "in what way." It can introduce direct or indirect questions. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning "that" or "in order that," especially when expressing purpose or result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative and interrogative pronominal stems.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MACE
Translations: we
Notes: This word is a first-person plural pronoun, meaning 'we'. It is used as the subject of a sentence or clause, indicating that the action is performed by the speaker and one or more other people. For example, 'we go' or 'we believe'.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, First Person
Etymology: The word 'ΕΓΩ' (ego) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental pronoun found across many Indo-European languages.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-EE-men
Translations: we go to, we approach, we come to
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'toward', and the verb εἶμι (eimi), meaning 'to go' or 'to come'. It signifies the action of moving towards something or someone, or approaching a particular state or condition. It is used to describe a physical or metaphorical movement towards a destination or a goal.
Inflection: Present Indicative, Active, First Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΒΑΙΝΩ
G2398
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: EE-dee-oys
Translations: one's own, his own, her own, its own, their own, private, peculiar, proper, a private, a peculiar
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'one's own' or 'private'. It is often used to emphasize possession or a unique relationship, indicating something that belongs specifically to a person or group, or is characteristic of them. It can be used substantively, meaning 'one's own people' or 'one's own things'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ͂, ἙΑΥΤΟΥ͂, ΟἸΚΕΙ͂ΟΣ
G1121
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GRAHM-mah-see
Translations: (to) letters, (by) writings, (with) documents, (in) literature
Notes: This word refers to a letter of the alphabet, a written character, or more broadly, a piece of writing, a document, or even literature. In its dative plural form, as seen in ΓΡΑΜΜΑΣΙ, it often indicates the means or instrument by which something is done, such as 'by means of letters' or 'with writings'. It can also denote location or association, like 'in letters' or 'among writings'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΑΙ, ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΓΡΑΜΜΑ comes from the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It originally referred to a mark or line, then developed to mean a written character or letter, and subsequently, a piece of writing.
G5118
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toh-SOO-too
Translations: of so great, of so much, of so many, of such a size, of such a quantity
Notes: This word is an adjective indicating a large quantity, degree, or size. It is used to describe something as being 'so great,' 'so much,' or 'so many.' It often emphasizes the extent or magnitude of something, similar to how 'such' or 'so' is used in English to intensify a description. For example, it might be used to describe 'so great a crowd' or 'of so much time.'
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΟΣΟΣ, ΤΗΛΙΚΟΥΤΟΣ
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G0165
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahee-OH-nos
Translations: of an age, of an eternity, of a world, of time, of the world, of the age, of eternity
Notes: This word refers to a period of time, an age, or an eternity. It can also refer to the world or the universe, especially in the sense of the present world order or the world to come. In this genitive form, it often indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of an age' or 'of the world'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΥ, ΚΟΣΜΟΥ
G2235
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AY-day
Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now
Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).
G3928
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: par-oh-KEE-koh-toss
Translations: of having passed by, of having gone by, of having gone past, of having gone away, of having gone aside, of having gone beyond, of having come to an end
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having passed by' or 'having gone by'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past and has ongoing relevance. It is used to indicate something that has elapsed, such as time or an event. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, but it retains verbal characteristics, such as tense and voice.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Perfect Active Participle
Synonyms: ΔΙΕΛΗΛΥΘΟΤΟΣ, ΑΠΕΛΗΛΥΘΟΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΑΡΑ (para), meaning 'beside' or 'by', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Thus, it literally means 'to come or go by/beside'.
G3777
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: OO-teh
Translations: neither, nor, and not
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to connect two or more negative clauses or phrases. It often appears in a correlative construction, meaning 'neither... nor'. For example, 'neither this nor that'. It emphasizes the complete absence or negation of all listed items.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou, 'not') and the enclitic conjunction τέ (te, 'and'). It literally means 'and not'.
G4369
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-THEY-nai
Translations: to add, to put to, to give in addition, to increase, to join
Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'prostithēmi'. It means 'to add' or 'to put to', often implying an increase or joining something to what already exists. It can be used in contexts like adding to a quantity, adding a person to a group, or adding to a statement or law.
Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΑΝΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΑΝΑΠΛΗΡΟΩ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G3762
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: oo-DEN
Translations: nothing, none, not any, no one
Notes: This word is a negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one' when used as a pronoun, and 'not any' or 'no' when used as an adjective. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle οὐ (ou, 'not') and the indefinite pronoun εἷς (heis, 'one'). It is used to express absolute negation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΝ, ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝΟΣ
G0851
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-feh-LEIN
Translations: to take away, to remove, to subtract, to cut off
Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'aphairéō', meaning 'to take away' or 'to remove'. It is a compound word formed from 'apó' (from, away from) and 'hairéō' (to take, to choose). It is used to describe the action of removing something from a place, person, or quantity, often implying a separation or subtraction. For example, one might 'take away' a burden, 'remove' a sin, or 'subtract' from a total.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΟΠΤΩ, ἈΦΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ἈΝΑΙΡΕΩ
G3346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-tah-THAY-nai
Translations: to change, to remove, to transfer, to transpose, to alter, to transform, to turn
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'μετά' (meta, meaning 'with' or 'after' or 'change') and 'τίθημι' (tithēmi, meaning 'to put' or 'to place'). It generally means to change the position or state of something, to remove it from one place to another, or to alter its nature. It can be used in contexts of moving physical objects, changing laws or customs, or transforming a person's character.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΟΡΦΟΩ
Etymology: The word is derived from the preposition 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with, among, after, or indicating change', and the verb 'τίθημι' (tithēmi), meaning 'to put, place, set'.
G5111
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: teh-TOL-mee-ken
Translations: has dared, has been bold, has ventured
Notes: This word means to dare, to be bold, or to venture. It is used to describe someone who has taken a risk or acted with courage, often in a challenging or audacious way. The form 'τετόλμηκεν' indicates a completed action in the past with ongoing relevance to the present, meaning 'he/she/it has dared' or 'has been bold'.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΘΑΡΡΕΩ, ΤΟΛΜΗΡΟΣ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-see
Translations: (to) all, (for) all, (to) every, (for) every, (to) the whole, (for) the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. As a dative plural form, it typically signifies 'to all' or 'for all', indicating the recipients or beneficiaries of an action.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΣΙ, ΟΛΟΙΣ
G4855
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: soom-FY-ton
Translations: grown together, innate, natural, congenital, a thing grown together, an innate thing
Notes: This word describes something that is grown together with something else, or something that is innate, natural, or congenital. It refers to qualities or characteristics that are inherent or deeply ingrained in a person or thing, as if they were born with it or it developed naturally as part of their being.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΜΦΥΤΟΣ, ΦΥΣΙΚΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΦΥΤΟΣ is a compound word formed from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΦΥΩ (phyo), meaning 'to grow' or 'to produce'. Thus, it literally means 'grown together with'.
G2112
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: YOO-thoos
Translations: immediately, at once, straightway, forthwith
Notes: This word functions as an adverb, indicating that something happens without delay or directly. It is used to express immediacy in time, meaning 'at once' or 'straightway'. It can also refer to a direct path or manner, meaning 'straight' or 'directly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΧΡΗΜΑ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ
Etymology: From the Greek word εὐθύς (euthys), meaning 'straight' or 'direct'. It developed into an adverb indicating immediacy.
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-tays
Translations: of first, of the first, first
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'first' in order, rank, or importance. It is used to describe something that comes before all others. For example, it can refer to the first day, the first group, or the most important person.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ
G1078
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: geh-NEH-seh-ohss
Translations: of birth, of origin, of creation, of generation, of beginning, of lineage
Notes: This word refers to the act or process of coming into being, such as birth, origin, or creation. It can also denote a lineage or a record of descent. It is used to describe the beginning of something, like the 'day of birth' or the 'book of Genesis' (meaning 'book of origins').
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΙΣ, ΓΕΝΕΣΙΣ, ΓΕΝΕΣΙΣ
G2453
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oys
Translations: to Jews, for Jews, with Jews, among Jews
Notes: This word refers to Jews or Jewish people. It is a plural noun in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action or the recipient of something. It can be translated as 'to Jews,' 'for Jews,' 'with Jews,' or 'among Jews,' depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
G3543
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: noh-MI-zane
Translations: to think, to suppose, to believe, to consider, to practice, to observe
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to think', 'to suppose', 'to believe', or 'to consider'. It can also mean 'to practice' or 'to observe' in the sense of customary or legal practice. It is often used to express an opinion or a customary action.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ
Etymology: From νόμος (nomos, 'custom, law'), meaning to do according to custom or law, hence to consider or believe as customary.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TAH
Translations: them, these things, it, the same
Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun/adjective 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ' (autos). In this form, it functions as a neuter plural pronoun, meaning 'them' or 'these things', referring to inanimate objects or concepts. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'the same'. It typically serves as the subject or direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΙΝΑ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G1378
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOG-ma-tah
Translations: decrees, doctrines, ordinances, precepts, rules
Notes: This word refers to established rules, principles, or decrees, often those that are officially laid down or authoritative. It can also refer to religious doctrines or tenets. It is used in a plural sense, indicating multiple such rules or teachings.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΑΙ, ΝΟΜΟΙ, ΚΑΝΟΝΕΣ
G5124
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toys
Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ
G1701
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: em-MEH-neen
Translations: to abide in, to remain in, to continue in, to persevere in, to stand fast in, to adhere to
Notes: This verb means to remain or continue in a place, state, or relationship. It often implies steadfastness, perseverance, or adherence to something, such as laws, covenants, or beliefs. It can be used to describe someone who sticks to their principles or remains faithful.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ, ὙΠΟΜΕΝΩ
G5228
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-PER
Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than
Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G1163
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DEH-oy
Translations: it is necessary, it is proper, it is fitting, one must, one ought
Notes: This word is an impersonal verb, meaning 'it is necessary' or 'it is proper'. It often indicates a moral or logical obligation, or what is fitting in a given situation. It is typically used with an infinitive or a clause to express what needs to be done or what ought to happen.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Optative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΠΡΟΣΗΚΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deh₁- 'to bind'. In Koine Greek, it evolved to mean 'to lack, to need', and impersonally, 'it is necessary'.
G2348
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: THNEES-kine
Translations: to die, to be dying, to be about to die
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'θνῄσκω' (thnēskō), meaning 'to die'. It is used to express the action of dying or being in the process of dying. For example, it can be used in constructions like 'they are ready to die' or 'he was about to die'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΘΝῌΣΚΩ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΩ
G2234
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: HAY-deh-ohs
Translations: gladly, cheerfully, with pleasure, willingly
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'gladly' or 'with pleasure'. It describes an action that is performed willingly, joyfully, or with a sense of delight. It indicates a positive disposition towards the action being taken.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΘΥΜΩΣ, ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΩΣ
Etymology: The word Ἡδέως is derived from the adjective Ἡδύς (hēdys), meaning 'sweet' or 'pleasant'. It describes something that is agreeable or delightful.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOY
Translations: many, much, a lot of
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. For example, it can be used to say 'many people' or 'much time'. It often appears in the plural form to indicate a multitude.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΙ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝΕΣ
G4178
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: pol-LAK-is
Translations: often, many times, frequently
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'often' or 'frequently'. It is used to indicate that an action or event occurs on numerous occasions. For example, one might say 'he often visits' or 'it frequently happens'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΧΝΩΣ, ΠΟΛΛΑ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΛΛΑΚΙΣ' is derived from the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many', combined with the adverbial suffix '-κις' (-kis), which denotes 'times' or 'on occasions'.
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-OH-ran-tai
Translations: have been seen, were seen, have appeared, were appeared
Notes: This is the perfect indicative passive third person plural form of the verb 'horao', meaning 'to see'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. Therefore, it means 'they have been seen' or 'they were seen', emphasizing the current state resulting from a past act of seeing.
Inflection: Perfect, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ
G0095
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahee-khma-LOH-tohn
Translations: of captives, of prisoners, of those taken captive
Notes: This word refers to people who have been taken captive, typically in war. It is a compound word formed from 'αἰχμή' (spear) and 'ἁλωτός' (caught, captured), literally meaning 'captured by the spear'. It is used to describe individuals or groups who are prisoners of war or otherwise held in bondage.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΙΩΝ, ΑἸΧΜΑΛΩΤΟΥΣ
G4762
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: STREB-las
Translations: tortures, torments, racks, perversions
Notes: This word refers to instruments of torture, or the act of torturing itself, often involving twisting or distorting. It can also refer to perversions or distortions of truth or justice. In a sentence, it would typically be used to describe severe physical suffering or moral corruption.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΑΝΟΥΣ, ΚΟΛΑΣΕΙΣ, ΑἸΚΙΑΣ
G3845
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pan-TOY-ohn
Translations: (of) all sorts, (of) every kind, (of) various, (of) manifold
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'of all sorts' or 'of every kind'. It describes something as being diverse or varied. It is used to indicate a wide range or multitude of things, often appearing in contexts where different types of items or qualities are being discussed.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΚΙΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ
Etymology: The word ΠΑΝΤΟΙΟΣ is derived from πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every', combined with a suffix indicating 'of a certain kind'. It signifies 'of every kind' or 'of all sorts'.
G2288
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: tha-NAH-tohn
Translations: of deaths, of the dead, of mortal things, of mortals
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'θάνατος' (thanatos), meaning 'death'. It can refer to multiple instances of death, or to things pertaining to death or the dead. It can also function as an adjective meaning 'mortal' or 'dead', in which case it would translate as 'of mortals' or 'of the dead'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΝΕΚΡΩΝ, ΘΝΗΤΩΝ
Etymology: The word 'θάνατος' (thanatos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to die'. It is related to the verb 'θνῄσκω' (thnēskō), meaning 'to die'.
G5158
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TRO-poos
Translations: ways, manners, customs, habits, modes, characters
Notes: This word refers to a way, manner, custom, or habit. It can describe a person's character or behavior, or the method by which something is done. It is used in the plural form here.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΔΟΙ, ΕΘΗ, ΧΑΡΑΚΤΗΡΕΣ
Etymology: From the verb τρέπω (trepō), meaning 'to turn'. It refers to the 'turn' or 'course' of something, hence a way or manner.
G2302
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-A-troys
Translations: theaters, to theaters, in theaters, at theaters
Notes: This word refers to a theater, a place where spectacles or public assemblies were held. It can also refer to the spectacle or public show itself. In the provided context, it indicates the location where certain events or sufferings took place.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΚΗΝΗ, ΑΓΟΡΑ
G5278
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: hoo-po-MEH-non-tes
Translations: enduring, persevering, waiting, remaining, a person who endures, those who endure
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'hypomeno'. It describes someone who is actively enduring, persevering, or remaining steadfast. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun, or as a substantive, referring to 'those who endure' or 'the ones enduring'. It implies a patient and steadfast waiting or bearing up under difficulties.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΑΝΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΡΤΕΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G3367
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: MAY-den
Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one
Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ
Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.
G4487
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: RHE-ma
Translations: word, a word, saying, a saying, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, utterance, an utterance
Notes: This word refers to something spoken, an utterance, a saying, or a word. It can also refer to a matter or a thing that is spoken about or decided. It is often used in contexts referring to divine pronouncements or significant statements.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb ῥέω (rheō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to flow'. It refers to that which is spoken or uttered.
G4295
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-ES-thai
Translations: to put forth, to send forth, to give up, to abandon, to allow, to permit, to yield, to surrender
Notes: This is the aorist middle/passive infinitive form of the verb προΐημι (proíēmi), which is a compound word formed from πρό (pro, 'before, forth') and ἵημι (hiēmi, 'to send, to throw'). It generally means to send forth, to put forth, or to let go. In a middle or passive sense, it can mean to give oneself up, to abandon, or to permit something to happen.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle or Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΠΙΤΡΕΠΩ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G0325
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-GRAH-fas
Translations: records, registers, lists, enrollments, a record, a register, a list, an enrollment
Notes: This word refers to written records, registers, or lists. It is used to denote official or historical documents that contain important information, such as genealogies, chronicles, or public records. It can be understood as a compilation or inscription of data.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΓΡΑΦΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΟΓΟΙ
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AHN
Translations: if, ever, might, would, should
Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.
G5278
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-po-MEI-nee-en
Translations: endure, persevere, remain, bear up, suffer, wait patiently
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo, meaning 'under' or 'from under') and the verb μένω (meno, meaning 'to remain' or 'to stay'). It signifies to remain under, to endure, or to persevere through difficult circumstances. It implies a steadfastness in the face of adversity, often with the connotation of patiently waiting or bearing up under pressure. It can be used to describe someone who continues in faith despite trials or who remains loyal.
Inflection: Aorist, Optative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΡΤΕΡΩ, ΥΠΟΦΕΡΩ
G1672
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: el-LAY-nohn
Translations: of the Greeks, Greeks
Notes: This word refers to people of Greek origin, culture, or language. It is used to distinguish them from other ethnic groups, such as Jews or Romans. In a sentence, it would typically be used to indicate possession or origin, as in 'the customs of the Greeks' or 'the land of the Greeks'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to 'Ἑλλάς' (Hellas), referring to Greece. It denotes a person from Greece or of Greek descent.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G3761
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: OOD
Translations: not, no, nor, neither, not even
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It is often used in combination with other negative words to strengthen the negation, such as in the phrase "οὐ μή" (ou mē), which conveys a strong, emphatic negation, often translated as "never" or "by no means." It can also function as a conjunction meaning "nor" or "neither," connecting two negative clauses or ideas.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ
Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou) and the particle δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'. It emphasizes the negation.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-ta
Translations: all, every, everything, all things
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. In its plural neuter form, as seen here, it often translates to 'all things' or 'everything'. It is used to indicate totality or universality, referring to a complete set or collection of items or concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G0008
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-fah-nis-THEE-nai
Translations: to disappear, to vanish, to be destroyed, to be corrupted, to be made invisible, to be hidden, to be consumed
Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'aphanizō'. It means 'to disappear', 'to vanish', or 'to be destroyed'. It describes something becoming unseen, ceasing to exist, or being brought to an end. It can refer to physical objects, writings, or even abstract concepts being obliterated or made to fade away.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΕΞΑΛΕΙΦΩ
G4863
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: syng-GRAM-mah-tah
Translations: writings, a writing, documents, books, a book
Notes: This word refers to something written, such as a document, a book, or a collection of writings. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'γράφω' (to write), indicating something written together or compiled.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΓΡΑΦΑΙ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΑΙ
G5177
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ty-KHOO-san
Translations: having obtained, having happened, having met with, having attained, having been, having occurred, ordinary, common, a common, an ordinary
Notes: This word is the feminine accusative singular form of the aorist active participle of the verb 'τυγχάνω' (tynchanō). It generally means 'to happen,' 'to meet with,' 'to obtain,' or 'to attain.' In context, it often describes something that is 'ordinary' or 'common,' as in 'not just any ordinary thing' or 'the common thing.' It functions as an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate something that has occurred or been obtained.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΟΣ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
G5282
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-pos-TEE-se-tai
Translations: will stand, will endure, will withstand, will resist, will submit, will be responsible for
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to stand under,' 'to stand firm,' 'to endure,' or 'to withstand.' It is often used in contexts of facing a challenge, enduring hardship, or resisting an opponent. It can also imply taking responsibility or submitting to authority. The word is a compound of the preposition ὑπό (hypo, 'under') and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi, 'to stand').
Inflection: Future, Middle Voice, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΑΝΤΙΣΤΗΜΙ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ὑπό (hypo, 'under') and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi, 'to stand'). The verb ἵστημι comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to stand'.
G0918
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: blah-BEEN
Translations: harm, a harm, damage, injury, a loss
Notes: This word refers to harm, damage, or injury. It can be used to describe physical harm, but also general detriment or loss. It is often used in contexts where one might suffer a disadvantage or a setback.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΖΗΜΙΑ, ΚΑΚΟΝ, ΟΛΕΘΡΟΣ
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-goos
Translations: words, sayings, accounts, messages, statements, reports
Notes: This word is the plural accusative form of 'λόγος' (logos), meaning 'word' or 'reason'. In this form, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb, indicating the 'words' or 'accounts' that are being acted upon. It can refer to spoken words, written accounts, or even divine pronouncements.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑΤΑ, ΕΠΗ, ΜΥΘΟΙ
G3543
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: noh-mee-ZOO-sin
Translations: they think, they suppose, they believe, they consider, they practice, they observe
Notes: This verb means to think, suppose, believe, or consider. It can also refer to the practice or observance of customs or laws. In a sentence, it describes what a group of people believe or how they act according to custom.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-nah-ee
Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to become
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to be'. It expresses existence, identity, or a state of being. It can also be used to indicate purpose or result, especially when preceded by the genitive article 'τοῦ' (tou), in which case it can be translated as 'in order to be' or 'for the purpose of being'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active. Does not inflect for person, number, gender, or case.
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G1125
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: grap-SAN-ton
Translations: of those who wrote, of the ones who wrote, of having written
Notes: This word is a participle, functioning as a verbal adjective. It describes the action of writing and modifies a noun or pronoun, indicating that the noun or pronoun is the one performing the action of writing. As a genitive plural, it refers to 'of those who wrote' or 'of the ones who wrote'. It is often used to refer to authors or scribes.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΕΩΝ, ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΓΡΑΦΩ (graphō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵrebʰ-, meaning 'to scratch, to carve, to write'. It is related to words for drawing, engraving, and writing in various Indo-European languages.
G1013
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: boo-LEE-sin
Translations: will, purpose, counsel, a will, a purpose, a counsel
Notes: This word refers to a deliberate act of will or a specific purpose or intention. It signifies a decision or plan that has been thought through and determined. It can be used to describe the will of God or the will of a person.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΕΛΗΜΑ, ΒΟΥΛΗ
G4966
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: es-kheh-dee-as-MEH-noos
Translations: drawn up, composed, extemporized, improvised, those drawn up, those composed
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been drawn up' or 'having been composed'. It refers to something that has been prepared, often quickly or on the spur of the moment, or something that is extemporaneous. It describes things that are put together without much prior planning.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G3820
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pa-lai-o-TEH-ron
Translations: older, of older things, of older ones, more ancient, of more ancient things, of more ancient ones
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'palaios', meaning 'old' or 'ancient'. As a comparative adjective, 'palaioteros' means 'older' or 'more ancient'. In this genitive plural form, it typically refers to 'of older things' or 'of older people/ones', indicating possession, origin, or reference to something that is more aged or from an earlier time.
Inflection: Comparative, Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΤΕΡΩΝ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΩΝ
G5426
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: phro-NOO-sin
Translations: they think, they are minded, they set their mind, they understand, they have understanding, they are of the same mind
Notes: This word describes the act of thinking, having a particular mindset, or setting one's mind on something. It can refer to intellectual activity, but often implies a moral or spiritual disposition, indicating the direction of one's thoughts and intentions. It is used to describe how people think or what they are focused on.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΝΟΕΩ, ΔΙΑΝΟΕΟΜΑΙ, ΛΟΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ
G1893
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: ep-AY-day
Translations: since, because, for, inasmuch as, seeing that
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause that provides a reason or cause for the main clause. It can be translated as 'since,' 'because,' or 'for,' indicating a logical connection between events or statements. It is often found at the beginning of a sentence or clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΓΑΡ, ΕΠΕΙ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi, 'upon, on') and the conjunction ἘΠΕΙ (epei, 'when, since'), with the particle ΔΗ (de, 'indeed, now'). It emphasizes the causal relationship.
G3568
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: NOON
Translations: now, at present, at this time
Notes: ΝΥΝ is an adverb meaning 'now' or 'at present'. It refers to the current moment in time. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a conclusion in a discourse, indicating a shift to the present situation or a logical consequence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙ, ΗΔΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now'. It is cognate with Latin nunc and English 'now'.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: eh-NEE-oos
Translations: some, certain, certain ones, a certain one
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'some' or 'certain'. It is used to refer to an unspecified number or group of people or things, often implying a subset of a larger group. It functions similarly to the English word 'some' when used to qualify a plural noun or pronoun, or 'a certain' when qualifying a singular noun.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΤΙΝΕΣ, ΕΚΑΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: This word is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in'.
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oh-ROH-see
Translations: they see, they are seeing
Notes: This is a form of the verb 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It describes an action performed by multiple subjects, indicating that 'they' are currently seeing or observing something. It is a very common verb used to describe visual perception.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ
Etymology: The word derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer- 'to perceive, to watch'. It is related to Latin 'vereri' (to revere, to fear) and Sanskrit 'varati' (to choose, to wish).
G5111
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: tol-MOHN-tas
Translations: daring, venturing, having dared, those who dare, those who venture
Notes: ΤΟΛΜΩΝΤΑΣ is a participle derived from the verb ΤΟΛΜΑΩ, meaning 'to dare' or 'to venture'. It describes someone who is in the act of daring or has dared to do something. It is often used to refer to 'those who dare' or 'the ones daring'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΘΑΡΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ
G4933
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soong-grah-FEIN
Translations: to write, to compose, to compile, to record
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb γράφω (grapho, meaning 'to write'). It means to write together, to compile, or to compose a written work. It is often used in the context of writing histories, books, or official documents.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΣΥΝΤΑΤΤΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΓΡΑΦΩ (grapho), meaning 'to write'. The combination implies writing something in a compiled or comprehensive manner.
G3739
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OYS
Translations: to whom, to which, to what
Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOY
Translations: they, them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun that can function in several ways. It can be used as an intensive pronoun meaning 'self' or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. It can also serve as a simple third-person pronoun meaning 'he, she, it, they' or 'him, her, it, them'. When used with the article, it often functions as an adjective meaning 'the same'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
G3854
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pa-reh-GEH-non-toh
Translations: they came, they arrived, they were present
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside,' and the verb γίνομαι (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to be.' Together, it means 'to come alongside,' 'to arrive,' or 'to be present.' It describes the act of someone or a group of people arriving at a particular place or being present at an event.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ
G3383
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: MAY-teh
Translations: neither, nor
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to connect two or more negative clauses or phrases. It often appears in a series, meaning 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It emphasizes the exclusion of all listed possibilities.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ, ΟΥΤΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle ΜΗ (mē) and the enclitic particle ΤΕ (te), which means 'and'. It is used to connect negative clauses.
G4441
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: py-THESTH-ai
Translations: to learn, to inquire, to ascertain, to hear, to ask
Notes: This is an aorist infinitive form of the verb 'πυνθάνομαι'. It means 'to learn by inquiry', 'to ascertain', 'to hear', or 'to ask'. It implies gaining knowledge through investigation or questioning. It can be used in sentences where someone seeks information or comes to know something.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- ('to be awake, observe, perceive'). In ancient Greek, it developed the sense of learning or inquiring.
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ay-do-TON
Translations: of those knowing, of those who know, of those who have known, of those who understand
Notes: This word is a genitive plural participle derived from the verb 'oida', meaning 'to know' or 'to have seen'. It refers to 'those who know' or 'those who have knowledge'. It is used to describe a group of people who possess understanding or awareness of something, often in a context where their knowledge is contrasted with the ignorance of others.
Inflection: Participle, Present Active, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΝΤΩΝ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΝΤΩΝ
Etymology: The verb 'oida' is a perfect tense form used with a present meaning, originally meaning 'to have seen' and thus 'to know'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, meaning 'to see' or 'to know'.
G5389
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-fee-loh-tee-MEE-thay-san
Translations: they were ambitious, they were eager, they showed zeal, they were honored, they were zealous, they strove eagerly
Notes: This is a compound verb meaning to be ambitious, to be eager, or to show zeal. It can also mean to be honored or to strive eagerly. It describes an action where a group of people demonstrated a strong desire or ambition, often in a positive sense of striving for something or showing generosity. The word is formed from φίλος (philos, 'friend, loving') and τιμή (timē, 'honor, value').
Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΣΠΟΥΔΑΖΩ, ΖΗΛΟΩ, ΠΡΟΘΥΜΕΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΦΙΛΟΤΙΜΕΩ is derived from the Greek words φίλος (philos), meaning 'loving' or 'dear', and τιμή (timē), meaning 'honor' or 'value'. Thus, it literally means 'to love honor' or 'to be fond of honor', which evolved into meanings like 'to be ambitious' or 'to strive for honor'.
G0272
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Verb
Sounds like: ah-MEH-ley
Translations: doubtless, certainly, surely, indeed, neglect, be careless, take no care
Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'doubtless' or 'certainly', emphasizing a statement. It can also be an imperative form of the verb 'ἀμελέω', meaning 'do not neglect' or 'be careless'. Its meaning depends on the context.
Inflection: Adverb (does not inflect), or Verb (Present Active Imperative, 2nd Person Singular)
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΣ, ΔΗΛΟΝΟΤΙ, ἈΛΗΘΩΣ
Etymology: From ἀ- (a-, 'not') and μέλει (melei, 'it is a care, it concerns'). The root verb ἀμελέω means 'to be careless of, neglect'.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-noo
Translations: having become, having come to pass, of having become, of having come to pass
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be born.' As a genitive singular participle, it often indicates a causal or temporal relationship, meaning 'of one who has become' or 'when something has happened.' It describes an action that has already taken place and is often used to modify a noun in the genitive case.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Genitive
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ
G4171
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: po-LEH-moo
Translations: (of) war, (of) battle, (of) conflict
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'polemos', meaning 'war' or 'battle'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or separation, often translated with 'of' in English, such as 'of war' or 'from war'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΕΡΙΣ
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TI-nes
Translations: some, certain ones, who, what
Notes: This word is an indefinite pronoun meaning 'some' or 'certain ones'. It can also function as an interrogative pronoun, asking 'who?' or 'what?' in the plural. Its meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
G2477
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: his-to-REE-as
Translations: of history, of an inquiry, of a narrative, of a story
Notes: This word refers to a narrative of past events, a story, or an account. It can also denote an inquiry or investigation, particularly into past events. In a sentence, it would typically be used to refer to the subject matter of historical study or a specific historical account.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΗΓΗΣΙΣ, ΑΦΗΓΗΣΙΣ, ΛΟΓΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'Ιστορία' (historia) comes from the Ancient Greek 'ἵστωρ' (hístōr), meaning 'wise man', 'witness', or 'judge'. It originally referred to learning or knowing by inquiry, and later evolved to mean the account of such inquiries, particularly historical ones.
G1945
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ep-ee-GRAHP-san-tes
Translations: having inscribed, having written upon, having titled, having written over
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having inscribed' or 'having written upon'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, functioning like an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun. It can be used to indicate the cause, time, or manner of the main verb's action.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΨΑΝΤΕΣ, ἘΠΙΣΗΜΑΝΑΝΤΕΣ
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΓΡΑΦΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ΓΡΑΦΩ (graphō), meaning 'to write'.
G1627
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-en-AY-no-khah-sin
Translations: they have carried out, they have brought forth, they have produced, they have published
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'. In the perfect tense, it means to have carried something out, to have brought something forth, to have produced something, or to have published something. It describes an action completed in the past with ongoing results.
Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Active, Indicative, Perfect
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΦΕΡΩ, ΠΡΟΑΓΩ, ΠΡΟΦΕΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΚΦΕΡΩ is a compound of the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to carry', 'to bear', or 'to bring'. The verb φέρω itself derives from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'.
G3777
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: OOT
Translations: neither, nor, not
Notes: This word is a negative conjunction used to introduce a negative clause or to connect two or more negative statements. It often appears in a series, such as 'neither... nor...'. It emphasizes the complete absence or denial of something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou) and the enclitic particle τέ (te). It is used to express a strong negation, often in a series.
G5117
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TOH-poos
Translations: places, a place, regions, a region, localities, a locality
Notes: This word refers to a specific location, area, or region. It is commonly used to denote a physical space or a particular spot. In the provided examples, it is used in the plural to refer to multiple locations or areas.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΧΩΡΙΟΝ
G3846
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pa-ra-BAH-lon-tes
Translations: having compared, having exposed, having risked, having put alongside, having arrived, having put in
Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb 'παραβάλλω'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, often translated as 'having compared', 'having exposed', 'having risked', or 'having put alongside'. It can also mean 'to arrive' or 'to put in' (as in putting a ship into harbor). The specific meaning depends on the context.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΚΡΙΝΩ, ΕΚΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΩ
Etymology: The word 'παραβάλλω' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'βάλλω' (ballo), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'.
G4139
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun
Sounds like: PLAY-see-on
Translations: near, nearby, neighbor, a neighbor, one's neighbor
Notes: This word primarily functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'nearby', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used substantively as a noun, typically in the neuter singular, to refer to 'one's neighbor' or 'the person next to you'. When used as a noun, it often refers to a fellow human being, emphasizing a relationship of proximity or community.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); Neuter, Singular (when used substantively as a noun)
Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ
G4238
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: praht-toh-MEH-nohn
Translations: of things being done, of things being practiced, of things being performed, of things being accomplished
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'πράσσω' (prassō), meaning 'to do,' 'to practice,' 'to perform,' or 'to accomplish.' As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing or in progress. In this genitive plural form, it often functions substantively, referring to 'the things being done' or 'the actions being carried out.' It can be used to describe events, deeds, or activities that are currently happening or are characteristic of a situation.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter, Present, Passive
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΤΕΛΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ
G4334
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pros-EL-thon-tes
Translations: having come to, approaching, drawing near, coming forward, those who came to, when they came to
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'προσέρχομαι' (proserchomai), meaning 'to come to' or 'to approach'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is occurring in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It often functions adverbially, indicating the circumstances or time of an action, such as 'when they came to' or 'after they had approached'. It can also function adjectivally, describing 'those who came to'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΓΓΙΖΩ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
G3918
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pa-ra-KOOS-ma-ton
Translations: of disobedience, of neglect, of hearing amiss, of things heard amiss
Notes: This word is a compound noun, formed from the preposition παρά (para, meaning 'beside, amiss') and the root ἀκούω (akouo, meaning 'to hear'). It refers to something heard amiss, a misunderstanding, or an act of disobedience or neglect, particularly in the context of not heeding instructions or commands. The form ΠΑΡΑΚΟΥΣΜΑΤΩΝ is the genitive plural, indicating 'of' or 'belonging to' multiple instances of such acts or things.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΠΕΙΘΕΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΒΑΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word is derived from the verb παρακούω (parakouō), meaning 'to hear amiss, misunderstand, disobey'. It combines παρά (para), a preposition indicating deviation or alongside, and ἀκούω (akouō), meaning 'to hear'.
G3641
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: o-LEE-gah
Translations: few, a few, little, a little
Notes: This word describes a small quantity or number of something. It is used to indicate that there is not much of something, or that there are not many of a group. It can be used to modify nouns, indicating a limited amount.
Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΡΑΧΥΣ, ΜΙΚΡΟΣ
G4934
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: soon-THEN-tes
Translations: having put together, having agreed, having arranged, having made a covenant, having conspired
Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb ΤΙΘΗΜΙ (to place, put) and the prefix ΣΥΝ (with, together). It means to put or place together, to arrange, or to agree upon something. In a broader sense, it can refer to making a covenant or conspiring. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially, such as 'those who had agreed' or 'when they had put together'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΕΩ, ΣΥΝΤΑΣΣΩ
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-NO-ma-tee
Translations: (to) name, (to) a name, (to) reputation, (to) authority
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ὈΝΟΜΑ' (onoma), meaning 'name'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for' in English, or simply by the context. It can refer to a person's name, their reputation, or their authority.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ
G3029
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: LEE-ahn
Translations: very, exceedingly, greatly, much, extremely
Notes: This word is an adverb that means 'very' or 'exceedingly'. It is used to intensify the meaning of an adjective, another adverb, or a verb, indicating a high degree or extent of something. For example, it can be used to say 'very good' or 'greatly rejoice'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΠΟΛΥ, ΜΑΛΑ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'smoothness' or 'plainness', which then developed into the meaning of 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
G0332
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ah-NAI-dohs
Translations: shamelessly, impudently, without shame, persistently, importunately
Notes: This word describes an action performed without shame or modesty, often implying a bold or persistent manner. It can also convey the sense of being importunate or insistent, especially in requesting something. It is used to qualify verbs, indicating how an action is carried out.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΝΕΠΙΣΧΥΝΤΩΣ, ἈΠΡΟΣΩΠΩΣ
Etymology: Derived from the adjective ἀναιδής (anaidēs), meaning 'shameless', which is formed from ἀ- (a-, 'not') and αἰδώς (aidōs, 'shame, reverence').
G3956
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-neh-pah-roy-NEE-san
Translations: they were drunk, they behaved outrageously, they insulted, they committed outrage, they acted insolently
Notes: This word describes past actions of being drunk, behaving outrageously, or acting with insolence and insult. It implies a lack of self-control and a disregard for others, often stemming from intoxication. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (beside, against) and 'οἶνος' (wine), literally meaning 'to act beside wine' or 'to act under the influence of wine'.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΥΒΡΙΖΩ, ΜΕΘΥΣΚΩ
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