2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or continuation. It often introduces a conclusion or a statement that follows from what has just been said. It can also be used to resume a narrative or to emphasize a point, sometimes translated as 'now' or 'indeed' in such contexts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u, a particle indicating 'away from'. In Greek, it developed into a particle of inference or transition.

G1910

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-BAS

Translations: having gone upon, having stepped on, having mounted, having embarked, having entered

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle (masculine/neuter singular nominative or masculine singular accusative) of the verb 'epibainō'. It describes an action of stepping onto or entering something, often with the sense of mounting a vehicle, ship, or animal, or entering a place. It implies a completed action in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Nominative; or Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΙΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1885

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-PAR-khee-oh

Translations: province, a province, prefecture, a prefecture, jurisdiction, a jurisdiction, region, a region

Notes: This word, ΕΠΑΡΧΙΩ, appears to be a misspelling or a variant form of the Koine Greek noun ΕΠΑΡΧΙΑ (eparchia). ΕΠΑΡΧΙΑ refers to an administrative division, such as a province or a region under a specific jurisdiction. It describes a geographical area governed by an official, often a Roman governor. It is used to denote the territory or sphere of authority.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine (likely a misspelling of ΕΠΑΡΧΙΑ, which is Nominative/Accusative Singular Feminine)

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗ

G1885

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ar-KHEE-ah

Translations: province, a province, prefecture, a prefecture

Notes: This word refers to a province or a prefecture, which was an administrative division within the Roman Empire. It denotes a territory governed by a Roman official, such as a proconsul or legate. It is used to describe a geographical region under a specific jurisdiction.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΗ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition 'epi' (upon, over) and the noun 'arche' (rule, beginning), suggesting a territory over which rule is exercised.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G0305

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-NEH-bee

Translations: he went up, she went up, it went up, he ascended, she ascended, it ascended, he came up, she came up, it came up, he climbed, she climbed, it climbed

Notes: This word describes the action of going up, ascending, or climbing. It is a past tense form, specifically indicating a completed action in the past. It can be used to describe a person or thing moving upwards, such as ascending a mountain, going up to a city, or rising from a lower place.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G2414

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-roh-SO-loo-mah

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word refers to Jerusalem, the capital city of ancient Judea and a significant religious center for Jews and Christians. It is often used in the context of travel to or from the city, or events that took place within it.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive (indeclinable in some contexts), Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely derived from 'Urusalim', meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It has been known by various names throughout history.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G2542

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: kahee-sah-REE-as

Translations: of Caesarea

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of 'Caesarea', referring to one of several cities named in honor of Caesar. The most prominent in the New Testament is Caesarea Maritima, a major port city in ancient Judea, which served as the Roman capital of the province. It is used to indicate origin or possession, such as 'from Caesarea' or 'belonging to Caesarea'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: From Latin 'Caesarea', meaning 'of Caesar', referring to cities named after Roman emperors, particularly Augustus Caesar.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khi-eh-REIS

Translations: high priests, chief priests

Notes: This word refers to the high priests or chief priests, who were leading figures in the Jewish religious hierarchy, especially during the Second Temple period. It is a compound word formed from 'ΑΡΧΩΝ' (ruler, chief) and 'ΙΕΡΕΥΣ' (priest), literally meaning 'chief priest'. These individuals held significant religious and political authority.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣ' is a compound of 'ΑΡΧΩΝ' (archon), meaning 'ruler' or 'chief', and 'ΙΕΡΕΥΣ' (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It describes the head or chief among the priests.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-toy

Translations: first, foremost, chief, the first, the foremost, the chief, (to) the first, (to) the foremost, (to) the chief

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'first' in order, time, or importance. It can refer to the initial position, the earliest occurrence, or the highest rank. When used substantively, it refers to 'the first ones' or 'the chief ones'. It is often used to describe leaders or those who hold a prominent position.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Dative

Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΕΥΣ

G2453

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DEH-ohn

Translations: of the Jews, of the Judeans, of Jews, of Judeans

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'Ioudaios', meaning 'Jew' or 'Judean'. It refers to people from Judea or those who are followers of Judaism. In ancient Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession or origin, so 'Ioudeon' typically translates to 'of the Jews' or 'belonging to the Jews'. It can be used to describe something associated with the Jewish people or their land.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'Ioudaios' is derived from the Hebrew word 'Yehudi' (יהודי), meaning 'of Judah' or 'from the tribe of Judah'. It came to refer to the inhabitants of Judea and, by extension, to all members of the Jewish people.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3870

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-eh-ka-LOON

Translations: they were calling alongside, they were exhorting, they were comforting, they were appealing to, they were entreating, they were encouraging

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb παρακαλέω (parakaleō). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'they were calling someone to their side,' 'they were exhorting,' 'they were comforting,' 'they were appealing to,' or 'they were encouraging.' It implies a continuous or habitual action of summoning, urging, or consoling.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΣΙΝ

Etymology: The word παρακαλέω is a compound of παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside,' and καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call.' Thus, its core meaning is 'to call to one's side.'

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G0154

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ai-TOO-meh-noi

Translations: asking, requesting, begging, seeking, demanding, those asking, those requesting

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'aiteo', meaning 'to ask' or 'to request'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who is in the act of asking or requesting. It can be translated as 'asking', 'requesting', or 'those who are asking/requesting' depending on the context. In the provided examples, it refers to 'those asking' or 'those requesting' from the Lord.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Nominative Case, Masculine Gender, Plural Number

Synonyms: ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΔΕΟΜΑΙ

G5485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-rin

Translations: grace, favor, kindness, thanks, a grace, a favor, a kindness, a thanks

Notes: This word refers to grace, favor, or kindness, often implying a divine or unmerited gift. It can also mean thanks or gratitude. In its accusative form, as seen in ΧΑΡΙΝ, it often functions as the direct object of a verb, such as 'to find favor' or 'to give thanks'. It can also be used in adverbial phrases meaning 'for the sake of' or 'on account of'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΝΟΙΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΡΙΣ (charis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- meaning 'to desire, to like'. It is related to words signifying joy, delight, and goodwill.

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-OON-tes

Translations: doing, making, performing, practicing, those who do, those who make

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an ongoing action. In the provided context, it refers to 'those who are doing' or 'those who are making' something, often implying a continuous or habitual action.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G0611

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-KREE-thay

Translations: answered, replied

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to answer' or 'to reply'. It is formed from the preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb 'κρίνω' (krino), meaning 'to judge' or 'to decide'. In its middle or passive voice, it takes on the meaning of 'to answer back' or 'to reply'. It is commonly used to describe someone giving a verbal response to a question or statement.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive (or Middle), 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΠΟΝ, ΛΕΓΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποκρίνομαι (apokrinomai) is derived from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κρίνω (krino), meaning 'to judge' or 'to separate'. The combination suggests a 'separation by judgment' or 'a decision coming forth', which evolved into the meaning of 'to answer' or 'to reply'.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3195

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: MEL-lin

Translations: to be about to, to be going to, to intend, to delay, to hesitate

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb μέλλω (mellō). It indicates an action that is imminent or about to happen, or an intention to do something. It can also imply a delay or hesitation. It is often used with another infinitive to express future action, similar to 'to be going to' in English. For example, 'I am about to go' or 'I intend to speak'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΚΕΙΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb μέλλω (mellō) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to delay' or 'to be slow'.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G5346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PHAY-sin

Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said

Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.

G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: AY

Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be

Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tee

Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is, exists, it exists, it is possible

Notes: This word is a common form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It indicates existence, identity, or a state of being. It can be used to link a subject to a predicate, or to simply state that something exists.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The root verb ΕΙΜΙ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.

G0435

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AHN-dree

Translations: (to) man, (to) a man, (to) husband, (to) a husband

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΑΝΗΡ' (anēr), meaning 'man' or 'husband'. In Koine Greek, the dative case often indicates the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is done. Therefore, 'ΑΝΔΡΙ' typically translates to 'to a man' or 'to a husband', or 'for a man' or 'for a husband'. It can also indicate association or instrument, depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΩ

G0824

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: AH-toh-poh

Translations: out of place, improper, absurd, unreasonable, amiss, wrong, a wrong, an impropriety

Notes: This word describes something that is out of place, improper, or absurd. It can refer to actions or situations that are unreasonable or wrong. It can also be used as a noun to refer to an impropriety or a wrong action itself.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΛΟΓΟ, ΑΠΡΕΠΕΣ, ΑΝΟΗΤΟ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'τοπος' (topos, meaning 'place'). Thus, it literally means 'without a place' or 'out of place'.

G1304

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-TREEP-sas

Translations: having spent, having passed, having stayed, having tarried, having lingered

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'διατρίβω' (diatribō), which means 'to spend time', 'to pass time', 'to stay', or 'to tarry'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It indicates that the subject has completed the action of spending or passing time in a particular place or activity.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΚΑΘΙΖΩ, ΠΑΡΑΜΕΝΩ

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G1889

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ep-OW-ree-on

Translations: on the morrow, the next day, tomorrow

Notes: This word functions as an adverb of time, meaning 'on the morrow' or 'the next day'. It is used to indicate the day following the current one, often in narrative contexts to advance the timeline of events. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'On the next day, they departed.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΥΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and αὔριον (aurion, 'tomorrow'). It literally means 'on tomorrow'.

G2523

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-THEE-sas

Translations: having sat down, having taken a seat, having caused to sit, having appointed

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'καθίζω'. It describes an action of sitting down or causing someone to sit down that has been completed. It can also mean to settle, reside, or appoint someone to a position. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb and indicating a completed action.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ, ΕΔΡΑΖΩ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G0968

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BAY-mah-tos

Translations: of a step, of a pace, of a platform, of a tribunal, of a judgment seat

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'βῆμα' (bēma). It refers to a step, a raised platform, or a tribunal/judgment seat. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin, such as 'of the platform' or 'belonging to the judgment seat'. It is often used in contexts referring to a place from which one speaks or judges.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΣ, ΒΑΘΜΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: From the Greek verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. The noun βῆμα (bēma) literally refers to a 'step' or 'pace', and by extension, a raised place ascended by steps.

G3854

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-geh-no-MEH-noo

Translations: of having come, of having arrived, of having been present, of having appeared

Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from 'παρά' (para, 'beside, alongside') and 'γίνομαι' (ginomai, 'to become, to be, to happen'). It describes someone or something that has come alongside, arrived, or become present. It is often used to indicate the arrival or presence of a person or event, functioning like a subordinate clause in English, such as 'when he had come' or 'after they arrived'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

G2597, G939

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: kah-tah-beh-BEE-koh-tes

Translations: having come down, having gone down, descended, those who have come down

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having come down' or 'having gone down'. It describes someone or something that has completed the action of descending. It is often used to refer to a group of people who have descended from a higher place, such as a city or a mountain. It functions adjectivally or substantively, describing the state of having descended.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΤΗΛΘΟΝ

Etymology: The word καταβαίνω is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'.

G2453

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oy

Translations: Jews, Jewish people

Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of Judea, or more broadly, to the Jewish people, descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who adhere to Judaism. In the New Testament, it often distinguishes them from Gentiles (non-Jews). It is used to describe the ethnic and religious group.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ

Etymology: From the Hebrew word 'Yehudah' (Judah), referring to the tribe of Judah and later the kingdom of Judah. The Greek form 'Ioudaios' means 'of Judah' or 'a Judean', which then came to mean 'Jew'.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

G2602

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-FEH-ron-tes

Translations: bringing down, carrying down, casting down, bringing against, accusing, falling upon, weighing down

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb φέρω (pherō, meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'). As a participle, it describes an action being performed by the subject. It can mean to bring or carry something down, to cast something down, or metaphorically, to bring an accusation against someone, or to fall upon someone (as in an attack or a burden). In the provided examples, it is used in the sense of 'bringing down' (food) and 'bringing against' (accusations).

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΥΛΙΩ, ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΕΩ

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.

G2480

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: iss-KHYOO-san

Translations: they were able, they had strength, they prevailed, they were strong, they could, they were mighty

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative, third person plural form of the verb 'ischyo'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, indicating that a group of people or things had the ability, strength, or power to do something, or that they prevailed in a situation. It implies a completed action of being strong or capable.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ

G2480

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: is-KHOO-on

Translations: they were able, they were strong, they had power, they prevailed, they were in force, they were valid

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ischyō'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that 'they' were in a state of being able, strong, or having power. It can also mean to prevail or to be valid/in force, depending on the context. The imperfect tense suggests a continuous or habitual action in the past, rather than a single completed event.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ischyō' comes from the noun 'ischys' (ἰσχύς), meaning 'strength' or 'power'. It is related to the concept of inherent might or capability.

G0584

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-poh-DIX-ai

Translations: to show, to prove, to demonstrate, to declare, to appoint, to exhibit

Notes: The word ΑΠΟΔΙΞΑΙ is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἀποδείκνυμι (apodeiknymi). It means 'to show forth,' 'to prove,' 'to demonstrate,' or 'to declare.' It is used to indicate the action of making something clear, evident, or known, often with a sense of authoritative declaration or conclusive proof. It can also mean to appoint or exhibit.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποδείκνυμι (apodeiknymi) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from,' and the verb δείκνυμι (deiknymi), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out.' Thus, it literally means 'to show forth' or 'to point out from.'

G626

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-lo-goo-MEH-noo

Translations: defending oneself, making a defense, giving an account, answering, speaking in defense, apologizing

Notes: This word is the middle/passive participle of the verb 'apologeomai', meaning 'to speak in defense of oneself' or 'to make a defense'. It describes the action of someone who is presenting an argument or explanation in their own defense, often in a legal or formal context. It can also imply giving an account or justification for one's actions.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΟΓΙΑ, ΑΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΑΙ

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3551

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NOH-mon

Translations: law, a law, rule, principle

Notes: The word refers to a law, rule, or principle. In the context of the Bible, it often refers to the Mosaic Law or the Law of God, but it can also refer to a general principle or custom. It is used to denote a standard of conduct or a governing regulation.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΝΩΝ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΕΝΤΟΛΗ

Etymology: From a root meaning "to parcel out, distribute." It originally referred to anything assigned or apportioned, and later came to mean a custom, usage, or law.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-RON

Translations: sacred, holy, consecrated, a sacred place, a temple, temple

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'sacred,' 'holy,' or 'consecrated.' When used as a noun, it refers to a 'sacred place' or, more specifically, a 'temple.' It describes something set apart for religious purposes or dedicated to a deity.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΙΕΡΟΣ (hieros) comes from a pre-Greek substrate word, possibly related to the concept of 'strength' or 'power,' which became associated with divine power and sacredness.

G2309

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: THEH-loh

Translations: to wish, to want, to desire, to will, to intend, to be willing

Notes: This verb expresses a desire, intention, or willingness to do something. It can be used to indicate a strong personal wish or a divine will. It often takes an infinitive to complete its meaning, indicating what is wished or willed.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gʷhelh₁- (to want, wish). It is related to the English word 'will' (as in 'free will').

G2698

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-THES-thai

Translations: to lay down, to put down, to deposit, to place, to store, to entrust

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi, meaning 'to place' or 'to put'). It generally means to lay something down, to put it in a specific place, or to deposit it. In a financial or legal context, it can mean to deposit money or to entrust something to someone. It can also be used metaphorically, such as to lay down one's life.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΑΠΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G0611

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-kree-THEIS

Translations: having answered, answering, replied, having replied

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'apokrinomai', meaning 'to answer' or 'to reply'. It describes an action that has already occurred or is occurring, often functioning adverbially to indicate that someone spoke in response to something. It is frequently used in narrative contexts to introduce a character's response.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΠΩΝ

G0305

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-BAS

Translations: having gone up, having ascended, having come up

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anabainō', meaning 'to go up' or 'to ascend'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred and functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun. It indicates someone or something that has completed the action of going up, ascending, or coming up. For example, it could describe 'the one who went up' or 'he having ascended'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΛΘΩΝ, ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣ

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G2919

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kree-THEE-nai

Translations: to be judged, to be decided, to be condemned, to be disputed

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'κρίνω' (krino), meaning 'to judge' or 'to decide'. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to be judged' or 'to be decided'. It indicates an action that is to be performed upon the subject, rather than by the subject, and refers to a completed action without specifying when it happened.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΝΩ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: ep-EE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, by, in, for, in addition to, besides, after, during, when, because of, concerning

Notes: This word is a common Koine Greek preposition that can also function as an adverb or a prefix. Its meaning is highly dependent on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place or time), 'in the time of', or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'on, upon, at' (of place), 'in addition to', 'for the purpose of', or 'because of'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'on, upon, to' (indicating motion towards), 'against', 'over' (of authority), or 'for' (of purpose). As a prefix, it generally adds the meaning of 'upon', 'over', 'to', or 'in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑ, ΥΠΕΡ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G2476

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: ess-TOHS

Translations: standing, having stood, being set, appointed, a standing one

Notes: This word is the perfect active participle of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that is in a state of standing, or has taken a stand. It can also function adverbially, indicating the manner in which an action is performed, such as 'while standing' or 'having stood'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΛΘΩΝ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἵστημι (histēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-, meaning 'to stand'. It is a common verb in ancient Greek, used to describe various states of being upright or causing something to be upright.

G2541

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KAI-sar-os

Translations: of Caesar

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Caesar'. It refers to the Roman emperor, or more generally, the imperial authority. In the New Testament, it often refers to the reigning emperor, such as Augustus or Tiberius, or the office itself.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From Latin 'Caesar', originally a Roman family name, which became a title for the Roman emperors after Julius Caesar. The name's ultimate origin is uncertain, possibly from 'caesaries' (hair) or 'caesus' (cut).

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-mee

Translations: to be, I am, you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, they are, to exist, to happen, to occur, to come to pass

Notes: This is the Greek verb 'to be', one of the most fundamental verbs in the language. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being. It can function as a linking verb, connecting the subject to a predicate noun or adjective, or it can indicate simple existence or occurrence. Its meaning often depends on the context and the case of the noun or pronoun it accompanies.

Inflection: Infinitive or First Person Singular Present Active Indicative. It is a highly irregular verb with many forms for person, number, tense, mood, and voice.

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'eimi' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is a very ancient and fundamental verb found across many Indo-European languages.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G2919

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kree-NES-thai

Translations: to be judged, to be decided, to be condemned, to be disputed, to be contended, to be tried

Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'κρίνω' (krino). It means 'to be judged,' 'to be decided,' or 'to be condemned.' It indicates an action being performed upon the subject, rather than by the subject. For example, it can be used in contexts where someone is undergoing a legal trial or a moral evaluation.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΖΕΣΘΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΝΕΣΘΑΙ

G2453

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oos

Translations: Jews, the Jews

Notes: This word refers to a Jew, an inhabitant of Judea, or a follower of Judaism. In its accusative plural form, it is used as the direct object of a verb or after certain prepositions, indicating 'Jews' as the recipients of an action or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΥΣ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΙΟΥΔΑΙΟΣ' is derived from 'ΙΟΥΔΑ' (Judah), referring to the tribe of Judah or the region of Judea. It signifies someone belonging to or originating from Judah.

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: oo-DEN

Translations: nothing, no one, none, a nothing, not even one, no

Notes: This word means "nothing" or "no one." It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something. It can function as a pronoun, meaning "nothing" or "no one," or as an adjective, meaning "no" or "not even one" when modifying a noun. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, "not") and ΔΕΝ (den, an emphatic particle).

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΝ, ΟΥΔΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΔΕΝ is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ (ou), meaning "not," and ΔΕΝ (den), an emphatic particle. It emphasizes a complete negation.

G0091

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hay-dee-KAY-kah

Translations: I have wronged, I have injured, I have done wrong, I have been unjust

Notes: This word is the first person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb 'adikéō'. It means 'I have wronged' or 'I have done wrong', indicating a completed action of injustice or harm in the past with continuing relevance to the present. It describes the state of having committed an act of unrighteousness or injury.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Perfect Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ΑΜΑΡΤΑΝΩ, ΑΣΕΒΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ΑΔΙΚΕΩ (adikéō) is derived from the adjective ΑΔΙΚΟΣ (adikos), meaning 'unjust', which itself comes from the privative prefix 'α-' (a-, 'not') and ΔΙΚΗ (dikē), meaning 'justice' or 'right'. Thus, it literally means 'to be not just' or 'to act unjustly'.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G2570

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: KAL-lee-on

Translations: better, more beautiful, more excellent, more noble, more advantageous

Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'καλός' (kalos), meaning 'good' or 'beautiful'. It signifies 'better' or 'more beautiful/excellent'. It can be used as an adjective to describe something as superior in quality, beauty, or advantage, or as an adverb to indicate that an action is performed in a superior or more advantageous way.

Inflection: Comparative, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Adverbial

Synonyms: ΑΜΕΙΝΟΝ, ΚΡΕΙΤΤΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'καλός' (kalos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to call' or 'to shine'. It developed to mean 'beautiful', 'good', or 'noble'.

G1921

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-ghee-NOH-skays

Translations: you know, you recognize, you understand, you perceive, you learn, you acknowledge

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ἐπί' (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to') and 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō, meaning 'to know'). It signifies a more complete, thorough, or intimate knowledge than simple 'knowing'. It often implies coming to a full knowledge, recognizing something clearly, or understanding deeply after investigation. It can also mean to acknowledge or learn about something.

Inflection: Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

G0091

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-dee-KOH

Translations: to do wrong, to be unjust, to injure, to harm, to wrong, to commit injustice

Notes: This verb means to act unjustly, to do wrong, or to inflict harm upon someone. It describes the act of violating what is right or fair, often in a legal or moral sense. It can be used to describe someone who is committing an offense or causing injury.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΜΑΡΤΑΝΩ, ΑΣΕΒΕΩ, ΚΑΚΟΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: From the root word ΑΔΙΚΟΣ (ADIKOS), meaning 'unjust', which is formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (a-) and ΔΙΚΗ (DIKE), meaning 'justice' or 'right'. Thus, it literally means 'not just' or 'without justice'.

G4238

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pep-RA-kha

Translations: I have done, I have performed, I have committed, I have practiced

Notes: This word is the first person singular, perfect active indicative form of the verb 'πράσσω' (prassō), meaning 'to do,' 'to perform,' or 'to accomplish.' The perfect tense indicates an action completed in the past with continuing results in the present. It is used to describe something that the speaker has already done or brought about.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΕΛΕΩ

G3868

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pah-rah-ee-TOO-meh

Translations: to refuse, to reject, to beg off, to decline, to avoid, to make excuse, to deprecate, to entreat, to ask for

Notes: This word describes the act of refusing, rejecting, or begging off from something. It can also mean to entreat or ask for something, often with the implication of seeking to avoid a negative outcome or responsibility. It is a compound word formed from 'para' (beside, from) and 'aiteomai' (to ask, to beg).

Inflection: First Person Plural, Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ΑΡΝΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΤΡΕΠΟΜΑΙ

G0599

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-poh-thah-NIN

Translations: to die, to be dead, to be about to die

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ἀποθνῄσκω', meaning 'to die' or 'to be dead'. It is often used to express the action of dying or the state of being dead, frequently appearing after prepositions like 'μετά τό' (after) or as the object of verbs like 'ἐπεδέξαντο' (they chose).

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΩ, ΚΟΙΜΑΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and θνῄσκω (thnēiskō, 'to die').

G5599, G3739

Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G2723

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tay-go-ROO-sin

Translations: they accuse, they bring a charge against, they speak against

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to accuse' or 'to bring a charge against'. It is often used in legal or formal contexts where someone is making an accusation against another person. It can also mean 'to speak against' someone in a general sense. This is a compound word formed from κατά (kata, 'down, against') and ἀγορεύω (agoreuō, 'to speak in the assembly').

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΓΚΑΛΕΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word κατηγορέω (katēgoreō) is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἀγορεύω (agoreuō), meaning 'to speak in the assembly' or 'to declare'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak against' someone in a public or formal setting.

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-DEYS

Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, none, no, not any

Notes: This word is a compound word meaning 'no one' or 'nobody' when used as a pronoun. It can also function as an adjective meaning 'no' or 'not any', modifying a noun. It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something or someone.

Inflection: Inflects for gender, number, and case (e.g., Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative; Singular, Plural; Masculine, Feminine, Neuter).

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ

Etymology: From the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, 'not') and the indefinite pronoun ΔΕΙΣ (deis, 'anyone'), which is a form of ΕΙΣ (heis, 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G4814

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soon-lah-LAY-sas

Translations: having spoken with, having conversed with, having talked with

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'συνλαλέω' (synlaleō), meaning 'to speak with' or 'to converse'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, indicating that they 'had spoken with' or 'had conversed with' someone. It is a compound word formed from 'συν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'λαλέω' (laleō), meaning 'to speak'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΟΜΙΛΕΩ, ΣΥΝΔΙΑΛΕΓΟΜΑΙ

G1941

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-KEK-lee-sai

Translations: you have been called upon, you have been named, you have been invoked, be called upon!, be named!, be invoked!

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'epi' (upon, over) and 'kaleo' (to call). It means to call upon, to invoke, to name, or to appeal to. In its perfect passive form, it indicates an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results, where the subject is the one being called upon or named. It can function as either an indicative statement (you have been called upon) or an imperative command (be called upon!).

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative or Imperative, 2nd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΚΑΛΕΩ is derived from the preposition ΕΠΙ (upon, over) and the verb ΚΑΛΕΩ (to call). ΚΑΛΕΩ itself comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to shout' or 'to call'.

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: por-YOO-see

Translations: you will go, you will depart, you will travel, you will proceed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to go', 'to depart', 'to travel', or 'to proceed'. It is used to describe movement from one place to another, or the act of setting out on a journey. It can also refer to a course of action or conduct. In the provided examples, it is used in the future tense, indicating an action that will happen.

Inflection: Future, Middle/Passive, Indicative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΒΑΙΝΩ

G1230

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-geh-no-MEH-non

Translations: of having passed, of having elapsed, of having intervened, after the passing of, when...had passed

Notes: This word is a genitive plural participle derived from the verb 'διαγίνομαι' (diaginomai), meaning 'to pass through, to elapse, to intervene'. It is often used in a genitive absolute construction to indicate a period of time that has passed, such as 'after a certain number of days had passed' or 'when a period of time had elapsed'. It is a compound word formed from 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to happen'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΛΘΟΝΤΩΝ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G0959

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ber-NEE-kay

Translations: Bernice

Notes: Bernice was a common name for women in the Hellenistic period, particularly among royalty. The most notable Bernice in historical and biblical contexts was the daughter of Herod Agrippa I and sister of Herod Agrippa II. She was known for her relationships with various Roman figures, including the emperor Titus.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The name Bernice is of Macedonian Greek origin, derived from the Greek words 'pherō' (to bring) and 'nikē' (victory), meaning 'bringer of victory'. It was a popular name among the Ptolemaic dynasty.

G2614

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tee-TEE-san

Translations: they demanded, they asked for, they requested

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to demand' or 'to ask for' something, often with a sense of insistence or accusation. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΑΙΤΕΩ (AITEO), meaning 'to ask'. The form ΚΑΤ‾Η‾ΤΗΣΑΝ is a scribal abbreviation for ΚΑΤΗΤΗΣΑΝ, where the overline on the Η indicates the omission of the letter Ν, which is common in ancient manuscripts. It describes an action completed in the past by a group of people.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΕΠΙΖΗΤΕΩ

G0390

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-NEH-theh-toh

Translations: referred, laid before, dedicated, offered, set up, consecrated

Notes: This word is the aorist middle indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'ανατιθημι' (anatithemi). It means to refer a matter to someone, to lay something before someone for consideration, or to dedicate or consecrate something. In the context of referring a matter, it implies presenting a case or a situation for judgment or decision. When used for dedication, it means to set something apart for a sacred purpose or to offer it as a gift.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative Mood, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΦΕΡΩ, ΠΑΡΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3972

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: PAH-oo-loh

Translations: Paul, of Paul, to Paul

Notes: This is the Greek form of the Latin name 'Paulus', meaning 'small' or 'humble'. It refers to the Apostle Paul, a significant figure in early Christianity who authored many of the New Testament epistles. The name is used to identify him in various contexts, often indicating possession (of Paul) or direction (to Paul) depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative or Genitive or Dative

Etymology: The name 'Paul' is derived from the Latin cognomen 'Paulus', meaning 'small' or 'humble'. It was adopted into Greek and became a common name, notably associated with the Apostle Paul.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G2641

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-leh-LIM-meh-nos

Translations: left behind, abandoned, forsaken, remaining

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, derived from the verb 'kataleipo' (to leave behind, abandon). It describes something or someone that has been completely left behind or abandoned. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, referring to 'the one who has been left behind' or 'that which has been abandoned'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΓΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, ΑΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G1198

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: DES-mee-os

Translations: prisoner, a prisoner, bound, captive

Notes: This word refers to someone who is bound or imprisoned. It is often used as a noun to mean 'prisoner' or 'captive', but can also function as an adjective meaning 'bound' or 'in chains'. It is derived from the word 'δεσμός' (desmos), meaning 'bond' or 'chain'.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΙΧΜΑΛΩΤΟΣ, ΔΕΔΕΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word 'δεσμός' (desmos), meaning 'bond' or 'chain', which itself comes from 'δέω' (deō), meaning 'to bind'.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-noo

Translations: having become, having come to pass, of having become, of having come to pass

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be born.' As a genitive singular participle, it often indicates a causal or temporal relationship, meaning 'of one who has become' or 'when something has happened.' It describes an action that has already taken place and is often used to modify a noun in the genitive case.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, in, among, until, unto, a, one

Notes: This word is most commonly a preposition meaning 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or purpose. It can also function as a numeral meaning 'one' or 'a single one'. Its meaning can vary depending on the context, often indicating direction, purpose, or result. When used as a numeral, it refers to a single entity.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); Nominative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter, Singular (as a numeral)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΕΙΣ (eis) comes from a primary preposition of direction. The numeral ΕΙΣ (heis) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The form ΙΣ is a common uncial spelling for both.

G2631

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tah-dee-KAYN

Translations: condemnation, a condemnation, sentence, a sentence

Notes: This word refers to a judicial sentence or a state of being condemned. It is used to describe the act of passing judgment against someone, resulting in their punishment or loss of status. It can also refer to the resulting state of being condemned.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΜΑ, ΚΡΙΣΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΓΝΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΔΙΚΗ (katadikē) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and ΔΙΚΗ (dikē), meaning 'justice' or 'judgment'. Thus, it literally means 'judgment against'.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G0611

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-KREE-theen

Translations: I answered, I replied, I responded

Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'apokrinomai', meaning 'to answer' or 'to reply'. It is commonly used in narratives to indicate a response to a question or statement. Despite being morphologically passive, it functions with an active meaning.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΕΡΩ, ΥΠΟΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'apokrinomai' is a compound verb formed from 'apo' (meaning 'from' or 'away from') and 'krino' (meaning 'to judge' or 'to decide'). The combination suggests a 'judgment from' or 'decision from', leading to the meaning of 'answering' or 'responding'.

G4514

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: roh-MAI-oys

Translations: (to) Romans, (to) the Romans

Notes: This word refers to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used to indicate a group of people who are Romans, often in the context of their nationality or political affiliation. In this inflected form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to the Romans' or 'for the Romans'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ρώμη (Rhōmē), meaning 'Rome', referring to the city and empire. The suffix -αιος (-aios) is used to form adjectives or nouns denoting origin or belonging.

G5483

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHA-ri-ZES-thai

Translations: to give freely, to forgive, to grant, to show favor, to bestow, to pardon

Notes: This verb means to give something freely, to show favor or kindness, to grant a request, or to forgive someone. It implies an act of grace or generosity. It can be used in contexts of pardoning sins, granting a gift, or showing favor to someone.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΔΩΡΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From χάρις (charis), meaning 'grace' or 'favor'. The verb means to act with grace or to bestow grace.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G4250

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: PRIN

Translations: before, sooner, until, ere

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a conjunction, indicating a point in time prior to another event or action. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'sooner'. As a conjunction, it means 'before' or 'until', often introducing a clause that describes an event that has not yet happened. It is frequently used with an infinitive or a subjunctive verb.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (forward, through). It is related to the preposition πρό (pro, before).

G2723

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: kah-tay-go-ROO-meh-nos

Translations: accused, one accused, a defendant, the defendant

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κατηγορέω' (to accuse). It refers to someone who is being accused or charged with a crime or wrongdoing. It functions as a noun, specifically denoting the person who is the subject of an accusation, often translated as 'the accused' or 'the defendant' in a legal context.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΓΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-khoy

Translations: might have, might hold, might possess, might be, might keep, might be able, might obtain

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), which means 'to have,' 'to hold,' or 'to possess.' In this specific form, it indicates a potential or hypothetical action in the third person singular, suggesting 'he/she/it might have' or 'he/she/it might be.' It is often used in clauses expressing purpose, result, or a condition.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Optative Mood, Present Tense, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΩ, ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G4383

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-OH-pon

Translations: face, a face, presence, person, appearance

Notes: This word refers to the face of a person or animal. It can also denote one's presence or appearance, or even a person themselves, especially in a formal or legal context. It is used to describe physical features as well as the impression or aspect someone presents.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, "to, towards") and ὤψ (ōps, "eye, face"). It literally means "that which is towards the eye" or "that which is before the eye."

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G2725

Part of Speech: Noun, Participle

Sounds like: kah-tay-go-ROOS

Translations: accusers, a prosecutor, prosecutors, those who accuse

Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'accuser' or 'prosecutor', or as a participle of the verb 'to accuse'. In its noun form, it refers to individuals who bring charges or make accusations against others. As a participle, it describes those who are in the act of accusing. It is typically used in legal or formal contexts where someone is being charged with a wrongdoing.

Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΓΚΑΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΔΙΩΚΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΟΣ (katēgoros) is a compound word derived from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ (agoreuō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to speak in the assembly'. Thus, it literally means 'one who speaks against' someone in a public forum or court.

G0627

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-po-lo-GHEE-as

Translations: of a defense, of a speech in defense, of a reasoned answer, of an apology

Notes: This word refers to a speech or argument made in one's own defense, or a reasoned answer given to an accusation or question. It implies a formal justification or explanation, rather than an admission of fault in the modern sense of 'apology'. It is used in contexts where someone is defending their actions, beliefs, or character.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΙΩΣΙΣ, ΥΠΕΡΜΑΧΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'apologia' comes from the Greek prefix 'apo-' meaning 'from' or 'away from', and 'logos' meaning 'word' or 'speech'. Thus, it literally means 'a word away from' or 'a speech in defense'.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: LAH-boy

Translations: may he take, may she take, may it take, may he receive, may she receive, may it receive, may he get, may she get, may it get

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to get.' 'Λάβοι' specifically indicates a potential or desired action in the past, often translated with 'may' or 'might.' It is used to express a wish, a possibility, or a condition, particularly in dependent clauses.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Optative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΛΑΓΧΑΝΩ

G4905

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-el-THON-ton

Translations: of those who came together, of those having come together, of those assembling

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'συνέρχομαι' (synerchomai), meaning 'to come together' or 'to assemble'. As a participle, it describes an action related to the main verb of a sentence, often indicating a preceding or concurrent event. In this form, it refers to a group of people who have come together or assembled, and because it is in the genitive case, it often indicates possession or the subject of a genitive absolute construction, meaning 'when they had come together' or 'of those who came together'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΣΥΝΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ

G306

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-boh-LEN

Translations: delay, a delay, postponement, a postponement

Notes: This word refers to a delay or postponement of an action or event. It is often used in contexts where a decision or process is put off until a later time. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ανα' (ANA), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb 'βαλλω' (BALLO), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast', suggesting a 'throwing back' or 'putting off'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΡΑΔΥΤΗΤΑ, ΑΝΑΚΟΠΗΝ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΗΣΙΝ

G3367

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: may-DEH-mee-ah

Translations: no one, nothing, not any, no

Notes: ΜΗΔΕΜΙΑ is the feminine singular form of the negative indefinite pronoun/adjective ΜΗΔΕΙΣ. It is a compound word formed from ΜΗΔΕ (mēde), meaning 'not even', and ΜΙΑ (mia), meaning 'one'. It is used to express a complete negation, indicating 'not even one' or 'no one/nothing at all'. It functions similarly to 'no' or 'not any' when modifying a noun, or as a pronoun meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound of the negative particle ΜΗ (mē), meaning 'not', and ΕΙΣ (heis), meaning 'one'. The particle ΜΗ is used for subjective or conditional negations, often in prohibitions or with infinitives and participles. ΕΙΣ is the numeral 'one'.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-ee-SAH-meh-noy

Translations: having made, having done, having produced, having performed, having created

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, indicating an action that has been completed by the subject. It is often translated as 'having made' or 'having done', describing a past action that precedes or enables the main verb's action in a sentence.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΝΤΕΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΙ, ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΗΣΑΝΤΕΣ

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-ee-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having made, having done, having produced, having performed, having created, having appointed, having caused

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In this form, it indicates an action performed by the subject for themselves or in their own interest (middle voice). It can be translated as 'having made' or 'having done', often implying the completion of an action that leads to a subsequent event.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G1836

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ex-ACE

Translations: next, following, in a row, in succession, consecutively, thereafter, subsequently

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'next' or 'in succession'. It is used to indicate that something follows in order, either spatially or temporally. For example, it can describe events happening one after another, or items arranged consecutively.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΦΕΞΗΣ, ΚΑΘΕΞΗΣ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and ἑξῆς, which is related to ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It conveys the idea of 'holding out' or 'following out' in sequence.

G2753

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-keh-LEH-oo-sah

Translations: I commanded, I ordered, I urged, I exhorted

Notes: This word describes the act of giving a command or an order. It implies a position of authority or a strong urging for someone to perform an action. It is typically followed by an infinitive or a clause indicating what was commanded.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΕΛΕΥΩ (keleuō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to drive' or 'to urge'. It has been in use since ancient Greek times.

G2476

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: stah-THEN-tes

Translations: having stood, having been appointed, having been established, having been set, having been placed

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having been caused to stand' or 'having been set in place'. It can refer to someone or something that has taken a stand, been appointed to a position, or been firmly established. It implies a completed action of being placed or standing.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΟΙ, ΤΕΘΕΝΤΕΣ

G2725

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tay-GO-roy

Translations: accusers, the accusers

Notes: This word refers to those who bring charges or accusations against someone. It is used to describe individuals who formally present a case against another person, often in a legal or public setting. It is a compound word formed from κατά (kata, 'down, against') and ἀγορεύω (agoreuō, 'to speak in the assembly').

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΓΚΑΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΔΙΩΚΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΟΣ (katēgoros) is derived from the verb κατηγορέω (katēgoreō), meaning 'to accuse'. This verb is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἀγορεύω (agoreuō), meaning 'to speak in the assembly' or 'to declare publicly'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak against someone publicly'.

G5342

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-feh-ron

Translations: they were carrying, they were bearing, they brought, they carried

Notes: This is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or an action that was happening at a specific point in the past. It can be used to describe people or things being transported or brought somewhere.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ

Etymology: The verb φέρω (pherō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer-, meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, including English 'bear' and Latin 'fero'.

G5282

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-peh-NO-oon

Translations: they supposed, they suspected, they surmised, they thought, they imagined

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to suppose, suspect, surmise, or imagine. It describes the act of forming an opinion or belief based on incomplete evidence or intuition. It is often used to express what someone thought or believed, especially when that thought or belief might be incorrect or unconfirmed.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΝΟΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ὑπονοέω (hyponeoeō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'secretly', and νοέω (noeō), meaning 'to perceive, think, or understand'. Thus, it literally means 'to think secretly' or 'to think under the surface'.

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: po-NEE-rah

Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, malicious, an evil thing

Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, or harmful. It can refer to moral depravity, physical badness, or something that causes trouble or pain. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. In the provided examples, it describes 'counsel' (βουλευομενος) as evil and 'things' (implied) that one should not see as evil.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Vocative; or Neuter, Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ' comes from 'πόνος' (ponos), meaning 'toil, labor, pain'. It originally referred to something that caused toil or pain, and later evolved to mean 'evil' or 'wicked' in a moral sense.

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: po-nee-RON

Translations: (of) evil, (of) wicked, (of) bad, (of) harmful, (of) malicious

Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, bad, or harmful. It can refer to moral depravity, physical harm, or general badness. As an adjective, it modifies nouns, indicating that the noun possesses these negative qualities. The form ΠΟΝΗΡΩΝ is the genitive plural, meaning 'of evil ones' or 'of wicked things/persons', depending on the gender of the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΩΝ, ΦΑΥΛΩΝ, ΑΝΟΜΩΝ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G2398

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EE-dee-as

Translations: one's own, his own, her own, its own, their own, private, peculiar

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'one's own' or 'private'. It is used to emphasize possession or a unique characteristic belonging to the subject. It can refer to something belonging to an individual or a group, distinguishing it from what is common or public. For example, it might be used to describe 'one's own house' or 'their own people'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΥ, ΕΑΥΤΟΥ

Etymology: The word 'ἴδιος' (idios) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'self' or 'apart'. It is related to the Latin 'proprius' (one's own).

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: TI-nos

Translations: of someone, of something, of anyone, of anything, of a certain one, of a certain thing, of what, of whom, whose

Notes: ΤΙΝΟΣ is the genitive singular form of the indefinite or interrogative pronoun 'τις'. As an indefinite pronoun, it refers to an unspecified person or thing, often translated as 'someone' or 'something'. As an interrogative pronoun, it asks about the identity or nature of a person or thing, translated as 'whose' or 'of what'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΙΝΩΝ, ΤΙΝΙ, ΤΙΝΑ

G2348

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: teth-NEE-koh-tos

Translations: of the dead, of the dead one, of the deceased, of him who has died

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the perfect active participle of the verb 'θνῄσκω' (thnēskō), meaning 'to die'. It refers to someone who has died or is dead. It functions as a noun, meaning 'of the dead person' or 'of the deceased', or as an adjective, modifying a noun to mean 'of the dead'. For example, it could be used in phrases like 'the name of the dead one' or 'the house of the dead man'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΝΕΚΡΟΥ, ΑΠΟΘΑΝΟΝΤΟΣ

Etymology: The verb 'θνῄσκω' (thnēskō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to die'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also convey the concept of death or mortality.

G639

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-ROO-meh-nos

Translations: being at a loss, being perplexed, being in doubt, being without resources, being in despair

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'aporeo'. It describes someone who is in a state of perplexity, doubt, or despair, often due to a lack of resources or a way forward. It conveys the sense of being without a path or solution, or being utterly at a loss as to what to do.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: APOROUMAI, DIAPOREO

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-leh-goh

Translations: I was saying, I was speaking, I was telling, I was calling

Notes: This is a form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say', 'to speak', 'to tell', or 'to call'. In this specific form, it indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It describes what someone was in the process of saying or doing.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. The word 'λέγω' originally meant 'to gather, collect', which evolved into 'to pick out, choose', and then 'to count, recount', finally leading to 'to tell, speak'.

G3415

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-KAY

Translations: bear a grudge, hold a grudge, remember evil, be resentful

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ΜΝΗΣΙΚΑΚΕΩ' (mnesikakeo), which means to bear or hold a grudge, to remember evil, or to be resentful. It is a compound word formed from 'ΜΝΗΣΙΣ' (mnesis), meaning 'remembrance', and 'ΚΑΚΟΣ' (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. Therefore, it literally means 'to remember evil'. It describes the act of harboring ill will or resentment towards someone for a past wrong.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular (ΜΝΗΣΙΚΑΚΕΙ) or Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person Plural (ΜΝΗΣΙΚΑΚΕΙΤΕ) or Present, Active, Imperative, Third Person Singular (ΜΝΗΣΙΚΑΚΕΙΤΩ). The provided form 'ΚΑΚΕΙ' is a component of these inflections, specifically the stem 'κακει-' before the personal endings. In the context of the examples, it is part of the verb 'ΜΝΗΣΙΚΑΚΕΙ' (mnesikakei), which is Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular.

Synonyms: ΟΡΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΜΗΝΙΩ

G1941

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-ka-leh-SAH-meh-noo

Translations: of having called upon, of having invoked, of having appealed to, of having named

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epikaleo'. It describes an action that has already occurred, specifically the act of calling upon, invoking, or appealing to someone or something. It can also refer to the act of naming or being named. As a genitive form, it often indicates possession, origin, or the object of an action, functioning similarly to 'of' or 'belonging to' in English.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ

G5083

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: tay-ray-THAY-nye

Translations: to be kept, to be observed, to be guarded, to be preserved

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'τηρέω' (tēreō), meaning 'to keep' or 'to guard'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often translated as 'to be kept' or 'to be guarded'. It indicates an action that is completed in the past (aorist) and is done to the subject (passive voice). It can be used in various constructions, often after verbs that express commanding, allowing, or needing something to be done.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΔΙΑΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Particle

Sounds like: EP-see-lon (as a letter name), eh (as a sound)

Translations: E, 5, if, then, indeed

Notes: This is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, epsilon. It can represent the number 5. As a standalone word, 'Ε' is not typically found in Koine Greek texts. It is highly probable that 'Ε' in the provided context is a typographical error or an abbreviation for a word like 'εἰ' (if) or 'ἐν' (in). If it were 'εἰ', it would function as a conditional particle meaning 'if'. If it were 'ἐν', it would be a preposition meaning 'in' or 'among'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or numeral). As a particle, it does not inflect.

Etymology: The letter Epsilon (Ε) is derived from the Phoenician letter He. Its name 'epsilon' means 'simple E' to distinguish it from the diphthong 'αι' (ai), which had come to be pronounced the same way.

G1014

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-boo-LOH-meen

Translations: I was wishing, I was wanting, I was intending, I was purposing, I was desiring

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΕΒΟΥΛΟΜΗΝ (eboulomen). It is the first person singular, imperfect tense, middle voice, indicative mood of the verb ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ (boulomai). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating a wish, desire, intention, or purpose. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'I was wishing to go' or 'I was intending to do this'.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Imperfect, Middle Voice, Indicative

Synonyms: ΘΕΛΩ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ

Etymology: From the root ΒΟΥΛ- (boul-), meaning 'to will' or 'to wish'. It is related to the noun βουλή (boulē), meaning 'counsel' or 'plan'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very, a same, the same

Notes: This word functions as both a pronoun and an adjective. As a pronoun, it can mean 'he, she, it' (third person personal pronoun) or be used intensively to mean 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. When used as an adjective, it means 'the same' or 'the very'. Its meaning depends on its position and context within a sentence. For example, when used attributively with an article (e.g., ὁ αὐτὸς), it means 'the same'. When used predicatively or without an article, it often has an intensive meaning ('he himself').

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Singular or Plural; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to- (self, same).

G0191

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-KOO-see

Translations: you may hear, you may listen, you may understand, he will hear, she will hear, it will hear, he will listen, she will listen, it will listen, he will understand, she will understand, it will understand

Notes: This word is a verb form of 'akouo' (to hear, listen, understand). Without diacritics, 'ΑΚΟΥΣΗ' can represent two distinct inflections: either the 2nd person singular aorist subjunctive (meaning 'you may hear/listen/understand') or the 3rd person singular future indicative (meaning 'he/she/it will hear/listen/understand'). Its meaning in a sentence depends on the context and the intended mood/tense.

Inflection: 2nd Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive OR 3rd Person Singular, Future Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the English word 'acoustic'.

G2064

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: el-THON-tos

Translations: (of) having come, (of) coming, (of) having gone, (of) going, (of) arriving, when he had come, after he came

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a genitive singular masculine/neuter participle, it often functions adverbially, indicating time or circumstance. It can be translated as 'of having come/gone' or, more commonly in context, as a temporal clause like 'when he had come' or 'after he came'. It describes an action completed in the past relative to the main verb.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΗΚΟΝΤΟΣ, ΠΑΡΟΝΤΟΣ

G1525

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ice-el-THON-tone

Translations: of those who entered, of those who came in, of those who went in

Notes: This word is a genitive plural masculine or neuter participle derived from the verb 'eiserchomai', meaning 'to go in' or 'to enter'. It describes the action of entering or coming in, specifically referring to 'those who entered' or 'those who came in'. It functions as a noun or adjective in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ

G204

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ak-roh-TEE-ree-on

Translations: promontory, cape, headland, a promontory, a cape, a headland

Notes: This word refers to a projecting point of land, often extending into the sea, such as a cape or a headland. It is a compound word, formed from 'AKROS' (highest, outermost) and 'HORION' (boundary, limit), literally meaning 'outermost boundary'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: Derived from the Greek word 'AKROS' (highest, outermost) and 'HORION' (boundary, limit), referring to the extreme point of a landmass.

G202

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ak-roh-ah-TEE-ree-on

Translations: audience hall, place of hearing, auditorium

Notes: This word refers to a place where people gather to listen, such as an audience hall, a lecture room, or an auditorium. It describes a space designed for public hearings or speeches. The provided example usage suggests it was a place where Agrippa and Bernice entered, likely for a formal hearing or presentation.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: Derived from the verb 'ἀκροάομαι' (akroaomai), meaning 'to listen' or 'to hear', combined with the suffix '-τήριον' (-terion), which denotes a place or instrument. Thus, it literally means 'a place for hearing'.

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G1809

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ex-okh-EEN

Translations: eminence, prominence, distinction, excellence, a high place, a projection

Notes: This word refers to a state of being prominent, distinguished, or superior. It can describe a person of high standing or a physical elevation or projection. In the provided context, it likely refers to a place of prominence or distinction.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡΟΧΗ, ΕΞΑΙΡΕΤΟΣ

Etymology: Derived from the preposition ΕΚ (ek, 'out of') and the verb ΕΧΩ (echō, 'to have, to hold'), literally meaning 'to hold out' or 'to stand out', leading to the sense of prominence or distinction.

G2753

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: keh-LEF-san-tos

Translations: (of) having commanded, (of) having ordered, (of) having urged, (of) having directed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κελεύω', meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. As a genitive participle, it often indicates the agent or cause of an action, translating to 'of one who commanded' or 'when he commanded'. It describes someone who has given an order or instruction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word 'κελεύω' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'κέλλω' (to drive, to urge).

G4906

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-pa-RON-tes

Translations: being present with, those present with, accompanying, present together

Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from 'σύν' (with) and 'πάρειμι' (to be present). It describes someone or something that is present alongside another, indicating a shared presence or accompaniment. It is used to refer to individuals who are together in a particular place or at a particular time.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΝΤΕΣ, ΣΥΝΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ (meaning 'to be present' or 'to be near'). ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ itself is a compound of ΠΑΡΑ (meaning 'beside' or 'near') and ΕΙΜΙ (meaning 'to be').

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G0537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PAN

Translations: all, every, whole, the whole, everything

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is often used to emphasize the totality or completeness of something. In the provided examples, it appears in the neuter singular form, referring to 'everything' or 'the whole'. It can modify a noun or be used substantively (as a noun) to mean 'everything'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἅπας (hapas) is a compound word formed from the intensive prefix ἀ- (a-) and πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. The prefix ἀ- serves to strengthen the meaning of 'all', emphasizing totality.

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

G1793

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-eh-TOO-khon

Translations: I met, I encountered, I appealed, I interceded, I pleaded, I made petition

Notes: ΕΝΕΤΥΧΟΝ is the first person singular (I) or third person plural (they) aorist active indicative form of the verb ἐντυγχάνω (entygchanō). This verb means to meet with someone, to encounter, or to fall in with. It can also carry the sense of making an appeal or petition to someone, often on behalf of another, thus meaning to intercede or plead. The aorist tense indicates a completed action in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular or Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΔΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἐντυγχάνω (entygchanō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'among', and the verb τυγχάνω (tygchanō), meaning 'to happen', 'to obtain', or 'to meet'. Thus, it literally means 'to happen upon' or 'to meet in/among'.

G2414

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-ro-so-LY-moys

Translations: (to) Jerusalem, (in) Jerusalem, (at) Jerusalem

Notes: This word refers to the city of Jerusalem, a significant city in ancient Israel and a central location in many biblical narratives. It is used here in the dative case, indicating location or direction, such as 'in Jerusalem' or 'to Jerusalem'.

Inflection: Dative, Plural

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'foundation of peace' or 'city of peace'. It is a compound word derived from 'yara' (to found, to lay a cornerstone) and 'shalom' (peace).

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G1163

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DEIN

Translations: to be necessary, to be needful, to be proper, to be right, to be fitting, to be binding, to be obligatory, to be due, to be destined, to be fated, to be required, to be compelled, to be obliged, to need, to have to, must, ought

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the impersonal verb 'ΔΕΙ'. It means 'to be necessary' or 'it is necessary'. It is often used to express obligation, necessity, or what is proper or destined to happen. It typically takes an infinitive as its subject, indicating what must or ought to be done.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OW-toh

Translations: him, it, himself, itself, the same, this, that, of him, of it, to him, to it

Notes: ΑΥΤΟ is an inflected form of the third-person pronoun or demonstrative adjective ΑΥΤΟΣ. As a pronoun, it refers to 'him', 'her', or 'it', depending on gender and number. As an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or 'this/that very one'. It can also be used intensively to emphasize the subject, meaning 'himself' or 'itself'. Its meaning often depends on its position in the sentence relative to the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

G2638

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-lah-BOH-meh-nos

Translations: having seized, having grasped, having overtaken, having comprehended, having understood, having found, having laid hold of

Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb 'καταλαμβάνω' (katalambanō). It describes an action that has been completed by the subject. It can mean to seize, grasp, or take possession of something, often with force or determination. It can also mean to overtake someone or something, or to comprehend and understand a concept. In a sentence, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating that the subject has performed the action of seizing, understanding, or overtaking.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G2638

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-lah-BOH-meen

Translations: I apprehended, I seized, I overtook, I grasped, I understood, I perceived

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). It generally means to take hold of something, either physically (to seize, to overtake, to apprehend) or mentally (to grasp, to understand, to comprehend). Its meaning can vary depending on the context, often implying a successful act of taking or understanding.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G4238

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pep-RAH-kheh-nai

Translations: to have done, to have accomplished, to have performed, to have practiced

Notes: This word is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb 'πράσσω' (prassō), meaning 'to do' or 'to accomplish'. As a perfect infinitive, it describes an action that has been completed in the past, often with ongoing results or relevance to the present. It functions as a verbal noun, often used after verbs like 'to say', 'to know', or 'to believe', indicating the content of what has been done.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΗΣΑΙ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'πράσσω' (prassō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'πέρθω' (perthō, 'to destroy') or 'πείρω' (peirō, 'to pierce'). It developed the meaning of 'to pass through', then 'to accomplish' or 'to do'.

G4575

Part of Speech: Adjective, Proper Noun

Sounds like: seh-bas-TOS

Translations: Augustus, venerable, revered, a revered one, a venerable one

Notes: This word means 'venerable' or 'revered'. It is often used as a title for the Roman Emperor Augustus, or as an adjective describing something or someone worthy of reverence. In the provided context, it refers to 'Augustus' or 'Augustan', specifically in relation to a harbor named after Augustus, indicating its imperial significance.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΓΟΥΣΤΟΣ, ΣΕΜΝΟΣ, ΕΝΤΙΜΟΣ

Etymology: Derived from the Greek verb σέβομαι (sebomai), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. It conveys the idea of something or someone held in high esteem and reverence.

G804

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: as-fah-LES

Translations: safe, secure, certain, sure, steadfast, firm, reliable, trustworthy, a safe thing, a certain thing

Notes: This word describes something that is safe, secure, or certain. It implies stability, reliability, and freedom from danger or doubt. It can be used to describe a person, a place, or a fact, indicating that it is firm and dependable. For example, one might speak of a 'safe harbor' or 'certain knowledge'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΒΕΒΑΙΟΣ, ΣΤΕΡΕΟΣ, ΠΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: Derived from the Greek prefix 'a-' (meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'σφάλλω' (sphallō), meaning 'to cause to fall' or 'to stumble'. Thus, it literally means 'not falling' or 'unfailing'.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-OH

Translations: to the Lord, for the Lord, to the master, for the master, to an owner, for an owner

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, meaning 'Lord,' 'master,' or 'owner.' In the dative case, it typically indicates the indirect object of an action, the recipient, or the beneficiary. It is commonly used in religious contexts to refer to God or Jesus Christ, but can also refer to a human master or owner. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'to give thanks to the Lord' or 'to serve the master.'

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-khoh

Translations: have, hold, possess, keep, be able, be in a certain condition

Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It can also mean 'to possess', 'to keep', or 'to be in a certain state or condition'. It is used in a wide variety of contexts to indicate possession, capability, or a state of being.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to Latin 'habeo' (to have) and English 'have'.

G1352

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: DEE-oh

Translations: therefore, wherefore, for this reason, on account of which

Notes: This is a compound conjunction formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'. It is used to introduce a consequence or conclusion, indicating that what follows is a result of what has just been stated. It functions similarly to 'therefore' or 'for this reason' in English.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'.

G4254

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: proh-AY-gah-gon

Translations: I led forth, I brought forth, I went before, I went forward, I led on, I brought on

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to lead forth,' 'to bring forth,' 'to go before,' or 'to go forward.' It is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward,' and the verb ἄγω (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring.' It describes the action of moving something or someone forward, or of going ahead of others. It can be used in various contexts, such as leading a person, bringing out an object, or advancing in a journey.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, First Person Singular or Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΞΑΓΩ

Etymology: The word προάγω (proago) is a compound of πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward,' and ἄγω (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring.' The root ἄγω comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to drive' or 'to lead.'

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EF

Translations: upon, on, over, to, against, at, by, for, in, among, with, toward, concerning, because of

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), which means 'upon' or 'on'. The final vowel of ΕΠΙ is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'upon, on, over, during'; with the dative, it means 'on, at, by, for, in addition to'; and with the accusative, it means 'on, to, against, over, toward'. It is a very common and versatile preposition.

Inflection: Does not inflect (elided form of a preposition)

G3122

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MA-lis-TA

Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'

Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'

G0355

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-kree-SEH-ohss

Translations: (of) examination, (of) investigation, (of) inquiry, (of) a preliminary investigation

Notes: This word refers to an examination, investigation, or inquiry, often in a legal or judicial context. It describes the process of questioning or scrutinizing to determine facts or truth, particularly a preliminary investigation before a formal trial. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ANA' (up, again, back) and the verb 'KRINO' (to judge, decide).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΤΑΣΙΣ, ΔΟΚΙΜΑΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΑΝΑΚΡΙΣΙΣ (anakrisis) is derived from the verb ἀνακρίνω (anakrinō), which means 'to examine, investigate, question'. This verb is a compound of ἀνά (ana, 'up, again, back') and κρίνω (krinō, 'to judge, decide').

G1096

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nays

Translations: (of) having become, (of) having happened, (of) being, (of) coming into existence, (of) being born, (of) being made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring, often functioning like a verbal adjective or an adverbial clause. In this form, it indicates a feminine singular genitive relationship, often translated as 'of having become' or 'when it became' in a genitive absolute construction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Aorist Middle Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G0249

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: AH-loh-gon

Translations: unreasonable, irrational, without reason, a brute, an animal, a beast

Notes: This word describes something that lacks reason or logic. It can refer to an action or thought that is irrational, or it can be used as a noun to refer to an animal or a brute, implying a creature without the capacity for human reason. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (alpha privative, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'λογος' (logos, meaning 'reason' or 'word').

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΗΤΟΣ, ΑΛΟΓΙΑ

Etymology: The word is derived from the negative prefix 'α-' (alpha privative), meaning 'not' or 'without', combined with 'λογος' (logos), meaning 'reason' or 'word'. Thus, it literally means 'without reason' or 'unreasoning'.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

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