Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Codex Sinaiticus / Shepherd of Hermas / Chapter 5Shepherd of Hermas, Chapter 5
Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)
G3705
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OH-rah-sis
Translations: vision, a vision, sight, an appearance
Notes: This word refers to the act or faculty of seeing, or something that is seen. It can denote a supernatural or prophetic vision, a divine revelation, or simply the outward appearance of something. It is used to describe both the physical act of sight and the spiritual experience of receiving a vision.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΘΕΑ
Etymology: From the verb ὁράω (horaō), meaning 'to see'.
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: BEE-tah
Translations: Beta, 2, two
Notes: This is the second letter of the Greek alphabet, Beta. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number 2. It is used both as a letter in words and as a numerical symbol.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Beta is derived from the Phoenician letter Bet. It is the ancestor of the Latin letter B.
G4198
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: por-yoo-MEH-noo
Translations: going, of going, of one going, of those going, of him going, of them going, of traveling, of one traveling, of those traveling
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to go' or 'to travel'. It describes someone or something that is in the process of going or traveling. As a genitive participle, it often functions like a possessive or descriptive phrase, indicating 'of one who is going' or 'of those who are going', depending on the context and number. It can be used to describe the action of a subject without being the main verb of the sentence.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Singular or Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΟΔΕΥΩ
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G2968
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOH-mas
Translations: villages, a village
Notes: This word refers to villages or small towns, typically unfortified settlements in the countryside, distinct from larger cities. It is used to describe places where people live outside of major urban centers.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΙΣ, ΧΩΡΑΙ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2540
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kai-RON
Translations: time, a time, season, a season, opportune time, a opportune time, proper time, a proper time
Notes: This word refers to a specific, appointed, or opportune time, a critical moment, or a season, rather than general chronological time (which is 'χρόνος'). It often implies a qualitative aspect of time, emphasizing the right or fitting moment for something. In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative case, indicating the object of an action or a duration.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΩΡΑ, ΕΠΟΧΗ
Etymology: The etymology of 'καιρός' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'fitting' or 'proper'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON
Translations: being, existing, a being, that which is
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'being' or 'existing'. It describes something that is in a state of being or existence. As a neuter singular form, it often refers to 'that which is' or 'a being', and can function as a noun.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ
G2543
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: KEH
Translations: perhaps, maybe, possibly, would, might, could
Notes: ΚΕ is an enclitic particle, a shortened form of ΚΕΝ or ΑΝ, used to express possibility, contingency, or indefiniteness. It is typically found with the subjunctive or optative moods, indicating that an action 'might' or 'would' happen under certain conditions. It can also be used to form indefinite pronouns or adverbs, such as 'whoever' or 'wherever'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΝ
Etymology: The particle ΚΕΝ (of which ΚΕ is a shortened form) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the demonstrative pronoun ΚΕῖνος (KEINOS) meaning 'that one'.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G4067
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: PER-sis
Translations: Persia, of Persia
Notes: This word refers to the ancient country of Persia, also known as the Persian Empire. It is often used in a geographical or historical context to denote the region or its people.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The word 'Περσίς' (Persis) is of ancient origin, referring to the historical region and empire. It is derived from the Old Persian name for the region, 'Pārsa'.
G4070
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PER-oo-see
Translations: last year, a year ago
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'last year' or 'a year ago'. It is used to indicate that an action or event occurred in the previous year. For example, one might say 'I went there last year' using this word.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'last year'.
G4043
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-PAH-toh
Translations: I walk, I live, I conduct myself, I go about
Notes: This verb means to walk, either literally or figuratively. It can refer to physical movement, such as walking from one place to another. More broadly, it is often used metaphorically to describe one's way of life, conduct, or behavior. For example, it can mean to live in a certain manner or to conduct oneself according to particular principles.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΖΑΩ, ΑΝΑΣΤΡΕΦΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb πατέω (pateō), meaning 'to tread' or 'to walk'. Thus, it literally means 'to walk around' or 'to tread about'.
G0363
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-em-NEES-thayn
Translations: I remembered, I recalled, I was reminded
Notes: This is a verb in the aorist passive indicative form, meaning 'I remembered' or 'I was reminded'. It describes an action of recalling something to mind that happened in the past. It is often used to indicate that a thought or memory came to someone's mind.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΜΝΗΜΟΝΕΥΩ, ΕΠΙΛΑΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G4070
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: peh-ROO-see-neh
Translations: of last year, last year's, a last year's
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'of last year' or 'last year's'. It is used to describe something that pertains to or happened in the previous year. For example, one might speak of 'last year's harvest' or 'last year's vision'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
G4074
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: peh-roo-SEE-nays
Translations: (of) last year, (of) the previous year
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'of last year' or 'belonging to last year'. It is used to describe something that occurred or existed in the previous year. For example, one might speak of 'last year's harvest' or 'the events of last year'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G3706
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-RAH-seh-ohs
Translations: of a vision, of a sight, of an appearance, of a revelation
Notes: This word refers to the act of seeing, a sight, a vision, or an appearance. It can also denote a divine revelation or an insight. In a sentence, it would typically be used to indicate the source or origin of something related to seeing or a vision, often translated with 'of' or 'from'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΘΕΑ, ΕΠΙΦΑΝΕΙΑ
G3825
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAH-lee
Translations: again, back, anew, once more, furthermore, on the other hand
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'back'. It is used to indicate repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a contrasting idea, similar to 'on the other hand' or 'furthermore'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΥΘΙΣ, ΕΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It refers to a turning back or repetition.
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, with, by, on behalf of
Notes: This word functions as a preposition or an adverbial prefix. As a preposition, it can take the genitive, accusative, or rarely the dative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case. With the genitive, it typically means 'concerning' or 'about'. With the accusative, it often means 'around' or 'about' (in a spatial sense). As a prefix, it adds the sense of 'around', 'about', 'excessively', or 'completely' to verbs, indicating surrounding, encompassing, or thoroughness.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); functions as a prefix to verbs and nouns.
Synonyms: ΑΜΦΙ, ΥΠΕΡ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the English word 'peri-' as a prefix.
G4151
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PNEV-mah
Translations: Spirit, a Spirit, wind, breath, a breath
Notes: This is a scribal abbreviation (nomina sacra) for the Koine Greek word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ (pneuma). It refers to spirit, wind, or breath. In theological contexts, it often refers to the Holy Spirit. It can also describe a non-physical entity or the vital force within a living being.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΨΥΧΗ
Etymology: From the Greek word πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow'.
G0667
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-PHEH-ree
Translations: to carry away, to bring back, to restore, to return, to pay back, to render
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἀπό' (APO, meaning 'from' or 'away from') and the verb 'φέρω' (PHERO, meaning 'to bear, carry, bring'). It signifies the action of carrying something away from a place, bringing something back, or restoring it. It can also refer to paying back a debt or rendering something due.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΠΟΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same
Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural
G5117
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TO-pon
Translations: place, a place, region, a region, spot, a spot, location, a location
Notes: This word refers to a specific physical location, area, or region. It can be used to denote a particular spot, a general area, or even a position or status. For example, it might be used to say 'this place' or 'in that region'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΟΙΚΟΣ
G3699
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OH-poo
Translations: where, whither, in what place, to what place
Notes: This word is an adverb of place, meaning 'where' or 'whither'. It can indicate a location or a direction. It is often used to introduce a clause that specifies a place, similar to how 'where' is used in English.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΗ, ΟΥ
Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (from which also ΠΟΥ, 'where?') and the particle -ου (from which also ΟΥ, 'where'). It indicates a place or direction.
G2064
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: el-THOHN
Translations: having come, when he came, after coming, coming
Notes: ΕΛΘΩΝ is the aorist active participle of the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed relative to the main verb of the sentence. It often functions adverbially, indicating the time or manner of the main action, such as 'having come' or 'after he came'. It can also function adjectivally, describing a noun.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΗΚΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or continuation. It often introduces a conclusion or a statement that follows from what has just been said. It can also be used to resume a narrative or to emphasize a point, sometimes translated as 'now' or 'indeed' in such contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u, a particle indicating 'away from'. In Greek, it developed into a particle of inference or transition.
G5087
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: TEE-thoh
Translations: I put, I place, I lay, I set
Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to put,' 'to place,' 'to lay,' or 'to set.' It is used to describe the action of physically positioning an object or person somewhere. For example, one might 'put' a book on a table or 'lay' a child down to sleep.
Inflection: Present Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ
Etymology: The word ΤΙΘΗΜΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-, meaning 'to put, place, set.' It is a very ancient and fundamental verb in the Greek language.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G1119
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GOH-na-tah
Translations: knees
Notes: This word refers to the knees, the joints in the middle of the legs. It is the plural form of the word for 'knee' and is used to describe both human and animal knees. It can be used in contexts referring to kneeling or physical actions involving the knees.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for 'knee' in many other Indo-European languages.
G0756
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ER-xa-men
Translations: I began, I started, I commenced
Notes: This word is a verb in the first person singular, aorist tense, middle voice, and indicative mood. It means 'I began' or 'I started'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, with the subject initiating the action for themselves or with a focus on the subject's involvement in the beginning of the action. It is commonly used to introduce the start of an event, speech, or activity.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΕΝΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word derives from the Greek verb ἄρχω (archo), meaning 'to be first', 'to rule', or 'to begin'. The middle voice form ἄρχομαι (archomai) specifically emphasizes the act of beginning or taking the initiative.
G4336
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-yoo-KHES-theh
Translations: pray, make a prayer, offer prayer
Notes: This word means 'to pray' or 'to offer prayer'. It is often used in the context of addressing God or a deity. It can be used in a command or exhortation, telling someone to pray, or describing the act of praying.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Imperative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΤΕΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-oh
Translations: (to) the Lord, (to) a Lord
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΩ (Kyrio), which means 'Lord' or 'Master'. It is used in the dative case, indicating the recipient or indirect object of an action. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'to the Lord' or 'for the Lord'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
G1392
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dox-AH-zeen
Translations: to glorify, to praise, to honor, to magnify, to esteem, to exalt
Notes: This word means to glorify, praise, or honor someone or something. It is often used to describe the act of giving glory to God or a deity, acknowledging their greatness and majesty. It can also refer to showing respect or esteem for a person or thing, or to making something appear glorious or splendid. It is a verb that indicates an action of bestowing honor or recognition.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΙΝΕΩ, ΥΜΝΕΩ, ΤΙΜΑΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: of him, of it, his, its, of himself, of itself, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun, a possessive pronoun, or an intensive/reflexive pronoun. In the genitive case, as seen here, it typically means 'of him' or 'of it' when referring to a third person, or 'his' or 'its' to indicate possession. It can also be used for emphasis, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', especially when preceding the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-no-MA
Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority, title
Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or authority, as a name often represents the essence of a person or entity. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ, ΔΟΞΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'name'. It is cognate with Latin 'nomen' and English 'name'.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G0514
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AX-ee-on
Translations: worthy, deserving, fitting, appropriate, suitable, a worthy, a deserving
Notes: This word describes something or someone as being worthy, deserving, or fitting for a particular purpose, action, or status. It is often used to indicate that a person or thing is of sufficient value or quality to merit something. It can also imply that something is appropriate or suitable in a given context.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΛΗΛΟΣ, ΠΡΕΠΩΝ
G2233
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hay-GAY-sah-toh
Translations: to lead, to guide, to rule, to consider, to think, to account
Notes: This verb means to lead, guide, or rule over someone or something. It can also mean to consider, think, or account something as true or important. In some contexts, especially when compounded with prepositions like 'ἀπό' (apó) or 'διά' (diá), it can mean to narrate or relate a story or event.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ, ΝΟΜΙΖΩ
G1107
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eg-NOH-ri-sen
Translations: he made known, he declared, he revealed, he knew, he recognized
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make known,' 'to declare,' or 'to reveal.' It can also mean 'to know' or 'to recognize' in certain contexts. It describes the act of bringing something into knowledge or public awareness. It is often used to describe God's revelation of truth or a person's declaration of information.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G0266
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-mar-TEE-as
Translations: of sin, of sins, of a sin, sin, a sin
Notes: This word refers to a sin, an offense, or a transgression against divine or moral law. It can also refer to the state of sinfulness. In the provided examples, it is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or relation, often translated as 'of sin' or 'of sins'. It is commonly used in theological contexts to describe moral failings.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ
G4387
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron
Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing
Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)
Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ
Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G1453
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-GER-thay-neh
Translations: to be raised, to be awakened, to be aroused, to be risen
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'egeiro', meaning 'to raise' or 'to awaken'. In this specific form, it indicates an action that happened to the subject, rather than an action performed by the subject. It describes the state of being raised or awakened, often in the context of rising from sleep, a seat, or even from the dead.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.
G4335
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pros-yoo-KHEES
Translations: of prayer, of a prayer, of supplication
Notes: This word refers to prayer or supplication, an act of addressing God. It is often used in the context of religious devotion or a plea for help. It is a compound word, formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and εὐχή (euchē), meaning 'a wish' or 'a prayer'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, ΕΥΧΗ
G0991
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: BLEH-poh
Translations: see, look, perceive, behold, beware, consider, discern, take heed
Notes: This verb means to see, look, or perceive, often with an emphasis on the act of looking or the mental perception of something. It can be used to describe physical sight, but also to understand, discern, or pay attention to something. It is frequently used in the imperative to mean 'beware' or 'take heed'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular. As a verb, it inflects for person, number, tense, mood, and voice.
Synonyms: ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΩ
Etymology: From an unstated root, possibly related to the idea of 'to look' or 'to see'. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of usage.
G0001
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: ap-EN-an-tee
Translations: opposite, over against, in front of, before, in the presence of
Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'opposite' or 'over against', indicating a position directly facing something. It can also be used as a preposition, taking the genitive case, to mean 'in front of' or 'in the presence of'. It describes a direct confrontation or a position facing another entity.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπ- (ap-, 'from') and ἔναντι (enanti, 'opposite'). It literally means 'from opposite' or 'from in front of'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G4245
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-ran
Translations: older, elder, a more aged woman, the elder woman
Notes: This word is the feminine accusative singular form of the comparative adjective 'presbyteros'. It refers to someone who is older in age or rank. In the New Testament, it can refer to an 'elder' in the church, but in its feminine form, it often refers to an 'older woman' or 'elder woman'. It is used to describe someone who is more advanced in years compared to another.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΝΤΕΡΑΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙΟΤΕΡΑΝ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ANE
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was, I was
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to describe a state of being or existence in the past, often indicating a continuous or repeated action or condition. For example, it can mean 'he was' or 'it was'.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, 1st or 3rd person singular
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-oh-RAH-kayn
Translations: had seen, had perceived, had looked at, had observed
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive'. The form 'ΕΩΡΑΚΕΙΝ' is the pluperfect active infinitive, indicating an action that was completed before some point in the past. It describes the state of having seen something previously.
Inflection: Pluperfect, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ
G4043
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: peh-ree-pa-TOO-san
Translations: walking, a walking, going about, living, conducting oneself
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'peripateō', meaning 'to walk' or 'to go about'. In a broader sense, it can also refer to one's manner of life, conduct, or behavior. It describes someone who is in the act of walking or living in a particular way.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΔΙΖΩ
G0314
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-gee-NOH-skoo-sahn
Translations: reading, a reading, one who reads
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'anaginosko', meaning 'to read' or 'to recognize by reading'. It describes the action of someone engaged in the act of reading, often aloud or publicly, or coming to know something through reading. It is a compound word formed from 'ana' (up, again) and 'ginosko' (to know, to learn).
Inflection: Present Participle, Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΑΝΑΓΝΩΣΤΗΣ
G975
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEEB-lah-REE-dee-on
Translations: little book, a little book, scroll, a scroll, booklet, a booklet
Notes: This word is a diminutive of the Greek word 'βιβλίον' (biblion), meaning 'book' or 'scroll'. Therefore, 'βιβλαρίδιον' refers to a small book, a booklet, or a small scroll. It is used to describe a written document of a smaller size.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΤΟΜΟΣ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-ghei
Translations: says, speaks, he says, he speaks, she says, she speaks, it says, it speaks
Notes: This is a common Koine Greek verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is frequently used to introduce direct quotes or to state what someone (or something) is declaring. It is often translated as 'he says' or 'the Lord says' in biblical contexts.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DY-nee
Translations: you may be able, you can, you are able
Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It is used to express capability or possibility, often in the sense of 'you can' or 'you are able to'. It is commonly found in contexts where someone is empowered to do something or has the capacity for an action.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Subjunctive, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1588
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ek-LEK-toys
Translations: chosen, elect, select, picked out
Notes: This word describes someone or something that has been chosen or selected, often with a connotation of being specially favored or set apart. It is frequently used in a theological context to refer to those chosen by God. It can also describe things that are excellent or choice.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΙ, ΚΛΗΤΟΙ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-OO
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for the word ΘΕΟΥ (Theou), meaning 'of God'. It is used to refer to the divine being, God, in the genitive case. In ancient Greek texts, nomina sacra were common contractions for frequently used sacred names and titles, indicating reverence and saving space. This form would typically be used in phrases like 'the house of God' or 'the power of God'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do, to place, to set', or possibly 'to shine'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for a deity or god.
G0312
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-GEL-lai
Translations: to announce, to report, to declare, to proclaim, to tell, to bring word, to make known
Notes: This word means to announce, report, or declare something. It implies bringing news or information to someone, often with the sense of making it known publicly or formally. It is a compound word formed from 'ana' (up, again, back) and 'aggellō' (to announce, report).
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΩ
Etymology: The word ἀναγγέλλω (anagellō) is derived from the prefix ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb ἀγγέλλω (aggellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to report'.
G0312
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nang-GEL-lai
Translations: to announce, to report, to declare, to tell, to proclaim, to bring word, to make known
Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἀναγγέλλω (anangellō). It means 'to announce,' 'to report,' or 'to declare.' It is used to describe the act of bringing news or making something known, often with a sense of formality or importance. It can be used in contexts where a message is delivered or a truth is proclaimed.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ, ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-goh
Translations: say, speak, tell, call, mean
Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to introduce direct or indirect speech, to give commands, or to express an opinion. It can also mean 'to call' or 'to name' someone or something, or 'to mean' something.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *leg- meaning 'to collect, gather'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to pick out words', hence 'to speak' or 'to say'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OW-tay
Translations: she, her, it, this, that, the same
Notes: This word is a pronoun, specifically the feminine nominative singular form of 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'she', 'her', or 'it', or as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. When used intensively, it can mean 'the same' or 'herself'. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it refers to.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΗ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: koo-REE-ah
Translations: lady, mistress, a lady, a mistress, Lord, master
Notes: This word is the feminine form of the noun 'κύριος' (kyrios), meaning 'lord' or 'master'. It can refer to a female head of a household, a mistress, or a lady of high standing. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'lordly' or 'authoritative'. In some contexts, it can refer to the Lord (God) in a more general sense, or to a female deity.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΙΝΑ, ΚΥΡΑ
G5118
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toh-SAH-oo-tah
Translations: so much, so many, such, so great, as much, as many
Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective meaning 'so much,' 'so many,' or 'such.' It is used to indicate a quantity or degree that is as great as, or corresponds to, something previously mentioned or understood. It can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns. For example, it might be used to say 'so many things' or 'so much trouble.'
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΤΟΣΟΣ, ΤΗΛΙΚΟΥΤΟΣ
G3403
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mneh-moh-NEV-sai
Translations: to remember, to call to mind, to be mindful of
Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'μνημονεύω' (mnēmoneuō), meaning 'to remember' or 'to call to mind'. It indicates the action of remembering without specifying a subject or tense, often used in contexts where an action is commanded or intended. The repetition of 'μνημ' at the beginning ('μνημνημονεῦσαι') is a scribal error or a misspelling, likely a dittography (accidental repetition of letters or words). The correct form would be 'μνημονεῦσαι'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΩ, ΜΕΜΝΗΜΑΙ
G3756, G3757
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when
Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DOO-na-mahee
Translations: I am able, I can, I have power, I am strong enough
Notes: This verb means 'to be able', 'to have power', or 'to be strong enough'. It is often used to express capability or possibility, indicating that someone has the capacity or permission to do something. It can be followed by an infinitive to show what one is able to do.
Inflection: First person singular, Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ
Etymology: From δύναμις (dynamis), meaning 'power' or 'ability'. It is related to the concept of inherent strength or capacity.
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doss
Translations: give
Notes: This word is the second person singular, aorist active imperative form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It is used to issue a direct command or instruction to a single person, equivalent to saying 'Give!' or 'You give!'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word δίδωμι (didomi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃- meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present stem, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs.
G0976
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bib-LEE-dee-on
Translations: little book, a little book, scroll, a scroll, bill of divorce, a bill of divorce
Notes: This word is a diminutive form of 'ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ' (BIBLION), meaning 'book' or 'scroll'. Therefore, it refers to a 'little book' or a 'small scroll'. In some contexts, particularly in the New Testament, it is specifically used to refer to a 'bill of divorce' or a 'certificate of divorce'. It is used to denote a written document of smaller size or lesser significance than a full book.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΓΡΑΜΜΑ
Etymology: The word ΒΙΒΛΙΔΙΟΝ is a diminutive of the Greek word ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ (BIBLION), which itself comes from ΒΥΒΛΟΣ (BYBLOS), referring to papyrus, the material from which books and scrolls were made. This connection to papyrus highlights the ancient form of written documents.
G0976
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEEB-lee-on
Translations: book, scroll, a book, a scroll
Notes: This word refers to a book or a scroll, which was the common form of written material in ancient times. It is a diminutive of the word βίβλος (biblos), meaning 'papyrus' or 'book'. It is used to denote a written document, a record, or a volume of text. For example, one might read 'the book' or 'the scroll' of a prophet.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΟΣ, ΓΡΑΦΗ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek βίβλος (biblos, “papyrus, book”), which is thought to be of Egyptian origin, referring to the city of Byblos, a Phoenician city known for exporting papyrus.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to belong, to be present, to be possible
Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'to be'. It signifies existence, occurrence, or presence. It is often used in conjunction with other verbs or nouns to form various grammatical constructions, indicating a state of being or a relationship.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙΝ, ΓΙΝΕΣΘΑΙ
Etymology: The word 'einai' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-, meaning 'to be'. It is a fundamental verb in the Greek language, inherited from ancient forms.
G3343
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-tah-GRAHP-soh-my
Translations: I will transcribe, I will copy, I will rewrite
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'μετά' (meta, meaning 'with' or 'after') and the verb 'γράφω' (grapho, meaning 'to write'). It means to transcribe, copy, or rewrite something. It is used to describe the action of writing something down again, often from one form or source to another.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Middle Voice, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OW-toh
Translations: him, it, himself, itself, the same, this, that, of him, of it, to him, to it
Notes: ΑΥΤΟ is an inflected form of the third-person pronoun or demonstrative adjective ΑΥΤΟΣ. As a pronoun, it refers to 'him', 'her', or 'it', depending on gender and number. As an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or 'this/that very one'. It can also be used intensively to emphasize the subject, meaning 'himself' or 'itself'. Its meaning often depends on its position in the sentence relative to the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LAH-beh
Translations: take, receive, get
Notes: ΛΑΒΕ is the second person singular aorist active imperative form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō). It means 'take!', 'receive!', or 'get!'. It is a command or an exhortation directed at a single person, urging them to perform the action of taking or receiving something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PHAY-sin
Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.
G0603
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-po-DOH-sis
Translations: recompense, repayment, restitution, giving back, a recompense, a repayment
Notes: This word is a feminine noun meaning 'recompense,' 'repayment,' or 'restitution.' It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ΑΠΟ' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'back,' and the verb 'ΔΙΔΩΜΙ' (didomi), meaning 'to give.' Thus, it literally means 'a giving back' or 'a rendering back.' It refers to the act of returning something, whether it be a payment, a reward, or a punishment.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΑΠΟΔΟΜΑ, ΑΝΤΑΠΟΔΟΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word is derived from the verb ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ (apodidomi), which combines the prefix ΑΠΟ (apo, 'from, back') and the verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ (didomi, 'to give'). It signifies the action of giving something back or rendering what is due.
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-lah-bon
Translations: I took, I received, they took, they received
Notes: This word is a past tense form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. It describes an action that was completed in the past. It can refer to a single person taking or receiving something, or to a group of people doing so.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: This is a first-person singular pronoun, meaning 'I' or 'me'. It is used when the speaker is referring to themselves as the subject of a verb (nominative case). It can also be used for emphasis.
Inflection: First person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a common first-person pronoun found across many Indo-European languages.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE-nah
Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything
Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.
Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter
G68
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ag-ROO
Translations: of a field, of the field, of land, of the land, of a country, of the country
Notes: This word refers to a field, land, or country. It is used to denote an area of cultivated or uncultivated ground, or a region. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵros, meaning 'field, plain'. It is cognate with Latin ager, English acre, and Sanskrit ajra.
G0399
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-khoh-RAY-sas
Translations: having departed, having withdrawn, having gone away, having retired
Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb 'anachōreō'. It describes an action of departing or withdrawing that has already occurred. It is often used to indicate someone leaving a place, retreating, or going away to be alone or to avoid something. It implies a completed action of moving from one location to another, often with a purpose such as seeking solitude or escaping danger.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΕΥΓΩ
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-teh-GRAHP-sah-meen
Translations: I copied, I transcribed, I transferred, I rewrote
Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist middle indicative form of the verb μεταγράφω (metagrapho). It means 'I copied' or 'I transcribed'. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition μετά (meta, 'with, after, change') and the verb γράφω (grapho, 'to write'). The middle voice indicates that the action is performed by the subject for their own benefit or on themselves.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Middle, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ
Etymology: The verb μεταγράφω is a compound of μετά (meta), meaning 'with, after, change', and γράφω (grapho), meaning 'to write'. The combination implies a change in writing or writing from one form to another.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-ta
Translations: all, every, everything, all things
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. In its plural neuter form, as seen here, it often translates to 'all things' or 'everything'. It is used to indicate totality or universality, referring to a complete set or collection of items or concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G1121
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GRAM-mah
Translations: letter, a letter, writing, a writing, document, a document, scripture, a scripture
Notes: This word refers to a written character, a letter of the alphabet, or a piece of writing. It can also denote a written document, a legal record, or even sacred scriptures. It is used to refer to the literal written form of something, as opposed to its spirit or meaning.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΗ, ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗ
Etymology: The word ΓΡΑΜΜΑ comes from the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It refers to something that has been written.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OOKH
Translations: no, not, never, by no means
Notes: This word is a negative adverb used to express absolute negation. It is typically used before a vowel with a rough breathing mark (like 'ουχί' or 'οὐχ') or before a consonant with a smooth breathing mark (like 'οὐκ'). It denies a statement or fact, indicating that something is not true or does not exist. It can be used to negate verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΚ
Etymology: This word is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂u- meaning 'not'. It is an ancient Greek negative particle.
G2147
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-RIS-kon
Translations: I was finding, I was discovering, I was perceiving, I was obtaining
Notes: This is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'εὑρίσκω' (heuriskō), meaning 'to find' or 'to discover'. The imperfect tense describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can also indicate an attempt to do something in the past. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He was finding the lost sheep' or 'They were discovering new lands'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, First Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΥΡΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΑΝΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G4849
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soo-LA-bas
Translations: syllables, a syllable
Notes: This word refers to a syllable, which is a unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word. It is used in the context of writing or reading, referring to the individual parts of a word.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word ΣΥΛΛΑΒΗ comes from the Greek verb συλλαμβάνω (syllambanō), meaning 'to take together' or 'to grasp together'. It refers to the 'taking together' of letters to form a sound unit.
G5055
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: teh-LEH-san-tos
Translations: of having completed, of having finished, of having accomplished, of having performed, of having fulfilled
Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the aorist active participle of the verb 'τελέω'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past. It is used to indicate the one who has completed an action, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to' in English, or as a temporal clause like 'when he had completed' or 'after he had finished'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΛΕΣΑΝΤΟΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΣΑΝΤΟΣ, ΠΕΡΑΝΕΝΤΟΣ
G1121
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GRAHM-mah-tah
Translations: letters, writings, documents, sacred writings, literature, learning
Notes: This word refers to written characters, letters of the alphabet, or more broadly, writings, documents, or even literature and learning. In some contexts, it can specifically refer to the sacred writings or scriptures. It is used to describe written communication or knowledge acquired through writing.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΛΟΓΙΑ, ΓΡΑΦΑΙ
G0975
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bib-LI-dee-oo
Translations: of a little book, of a scroll, of a document, of a certificate
Notes: This word refers to the genitive singular form of 'βιβλίδιον' (biblidion), which is a diminutive of 'βιβλίον' (biblion). It means 'of a little book,' 'of a scroll,' 'of a document,' or 'of a certificate.' It is often used in contexts referring to a small written work, a legal document, or a bill of divorce.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΔΑΡΙΟΥ, ΒΙΒΛΙΟΥ
Etymology: The word 'βιβλίον' (biblion) comes from 'βύβλος' (byblos), referring to the papyrus plant, from which writing material was made. 'Βιβλίδιον' is a diminutive form, indicating something small.
G1819
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ex-AI-fnes
Translations: suddenly, unexpectedly, all at once
Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling of the Koine Greek adverb "exaiphnes" (ΕΞΑΙΦΝΗΣ), which means 'suddenly' or 'unexpectedly'. It is used to describe an action that occurs without warning or preparation. For example, one might say 'he suddenly appeared' or 'the event happened unexpectedly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΦΝΩ, ΑΙΦΝΙΔΙΩΣ
Etymology: The word ΕΞΑΙΦΝΗΣ (exaiphnes) is derived from the preposition ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and the noun αἶφνος (aiphnes, 'suddenness'), which itself is related to αἶφνος (aiphnes, 'sudden').
G726
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: heer-PAH-gee
Translations: was snatched away, was seized, was caught up, was plundered
Notes: This word describes an action where something or someone was taken away suddenly and by force, often implying violence or a swift, decisive act. It is the third-person singular aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'harpazō', meaning 'to snatch' or 'to seize'. It indicates that the subject of the verb was the recipient of this forceful action.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΛΑΩ, ΔΙΑΡΠΑΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with
Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khee-ROS
Translations: of hand, of a hand, of a person's hand, of a person's power, of a person's agency
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of hand' or 'from the hand'. In a broader sense, it can refer to a person's power, agency, or control, as actions are often performed by hand.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΕΩΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣ
G0975
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bib-LI-dee-oh
Translations: little book, a little book, scroll, a scroll, booklet, a booklet, bill of divorce, a bill of divorce
Notes: This word refers to a small book, a scroll, or a document. It is a diminutive form of 'ΒΙΒΛΟΣ' (biblos), meaning 'book' or 'scroll', indicating something smaller or less significant. In some contexts, it specifically refers to a 'bill of divorce', a legal document used to formalize a divorce.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΟΣ, ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΕΙΟΝ
Etymology: The word ΒΙΒΛΙΔΙΟΝ is a diminutive of the Koine Greek word ΒΙΒΛΟΣ (biblos), meaning 'book' or 'scroll'. It is derived from the word for papyrus, the material from which ancient books were made.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TI-nos
Translations: of someone, of something, of anyone, of anything, of a certain one, of a certain thing, of what, of whom, whose
Notes: ΤΙΝΟΣ is the genitive singular form of the indefinite or interrogative pronoun 'τις'. As an indefinite pronoun, it refers to an unspecified person or thing, often translated as 'someone' or 'something'. As an interrogative pronoun, it asks about the identity or nature of a person or thing, translated as 'whose' or 'of what'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΙΝΩΝ, ΤΙΝΙ, ΤΙΝΑ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-DOH
Translations: behold, see, look, perceive, know, understand, consider, experience
Notes: This word is an aorist imperative form of the verb 'οραω' (horao), meaning 'to see' or 'to behold'. It functions as a command or exhortation, often used to draw attention to something important or to emphasize a point. It can be translated as 'Behold!' or 'See!' and is frequently used to introduce a significant statement or event.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ
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