Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Codex Sinaiticus / Shepherd of Hermas / Chapter 19Shepherd of Hermas, Chapter 19
Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-KOO-eh
Translations: Hear!, Listen!, Obey!
Notes: This word is a command form of the verb 'to hear' or 'to listen'. It is used to directly instruct someone to pay attention, to perceive sound, or to obey. In a broader sense, it can imply heeding advice or understanding a message.
Inflection: Second person singular, Present Active Imperative
Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to perceive' or 'to understand'.
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PHAY-sin
Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G3444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MOR-fohn
Translations: (of) forms, (of) shapes, (of) appearances, (of) outward forms, (of) natures
Notes: This word, ΜΑΡΦΩΝ, is almost certainly a misspelling or variant of ΜΟΡΦΩΝ (morphōn), which is the genitive plural form of the noun ΜΟΡΦΗ (morphē). ΜΟΡΦΗ refers to the outward form, shape, or appearance of something, distinguishing it from its inner essence. It can also denote the nature or character of something as it is outwardly manifested. In its genitive plural form, it would typically be used to indicate possession or relationship, such as 'of forms' or 'belonging to shapes'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΧΗΜΑ, ΕΙΔΟΣ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: GAM-ma
Translations: Gamma, three
Notes: Γ (gamma) is the third letter of the Greek alphabet. In the ancient Greek numeral system, it represents the number three. It is used in various contexts, including as a symbol in mathematics and science, and as a letter in words.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The letter Gamma is derived from the Phoenician letter gimel, which represented a camel or a throwing stick.
G3444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mor-FOHN
Translations: of forms, of shapes, of appearances
Notes: This word refers to the outward appearance, form, or shape of something. It is used to describe the visible characteristics or structure of an object or person. In the provided examples, it refers to 'human-shaped' (ἀνθρωπομόρφων), 'many-shaped' (πολυμόρφων) animals, and 'three forms' (τριῶν μορφῶν) in which someone appeared.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΧΗΜΑ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΟΨΙΣ
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: OHN
Translations: being, who is, which is, he who is, they who are
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It describes a state of being or existence, often functioning like an adjective or a noun. It can be translated as 'being' or 'who is/are' depending on the context, referring to someone or something that is in a particular state or performing an action of being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
G1934
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-ee-zay-TEIS
Translations: you seek after, you search for, you demand, you require
Notes: This is a verb meaning to seek after, search for, demand, or require. It implies a diligent or earnest seeking. It is often used in the context of seeking something earnestly or persistently, or demanding something as a right.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Second Person Singular
Synonyms: ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΑΙΤΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΖΗΤΕΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (EPI), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb ΖΗΤΕΩ (ZĒTEŌ), meaning 'to seek' or 'to search'. The prefix intensifies the meaning of seeking.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-tay
Translations: first, a first, foremost, chief, principal, earliest
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'first' or 'foremost'. It is used to describe something that comes before all others in order, time, or importance. For example, it can refer to the first day, the first person, or the most important thing. It can also be used to indicate a position of leadership or preeminence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ, ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ
G3705
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: o-RA-see
Translations: vision, a vision, sight, appearance, a sight, a spectacle
Notes: This word refers to the act of seeing or the faculty of sight. It can also denote something that is seen, such as a vision, an appearance, or a spectacle. In a broader sense, it can refer to a divine revelation or a supernatural manifestation.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΘΕΑ, ΕΙΔΟΣ
G1223, G5101
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: dee-ah-TEE
Translations: why, wherefore, on account of what
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the interrogative pronoun τί (ti), meaning 'what'. It is used to ask for the reason or cause of something, functioning as 'why' or 'wherefore' in English. It can introduce a direct or indirect question.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΤΟΥΤΟ, ΔΙΟ
G4245
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-rah
Translations: elder woman, a elder woman, older, elder, senior, presbyteress
Notes: This word can function as a noun, referring to an older woman or a female elder/presbyteress. It can also be used as an adjective, meaning 'older' or 'elder', often in comparison to someone younger. In a religious context, it can specifically refer to a female leader or official in a church.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΥΣΙΑ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΙΣ
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: OHF-thay
Translations: was seen, appeared, was made visible
Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist, passive, indicative form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horao), meaning 'to see'. Therefore, 'ὤφθη' translates to 'he/she/it was seen' or 'he/she/it appeared'. It describes an action that occurred in the past and was completed, where the subject was the recipient of the action of being seen or becoming visible.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ
Etymology: The root 'ὁράω' (horao) comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see' or 'to look'. It is related to other Greek words concerning sight and appearance.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SOY
Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you
Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EP-ee
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a
Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'
Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G2515
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-THEH-drah
Translations: seat, chair, throne, a seat, a chair, a throne
Notes: This word refers to a seat, a chair, or a throne. It is often used to denote a place of authority or teaching, such as a teacher's chair or a judge's bench. It can also refer to a literal seat or a place where someone sits.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΡΟΝΟΣ, ΕΔΡΑ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΕΔΡΑ (kathedra) is a compound word derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἕδρα (hedra), meaning 'seat' or 'sitting'. It literally means 'a sitting down' or 'a place for sitting'.
G2521
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: kah-THEE-meh-nee
Translations: sitting, seated, who sits, who is sitting, a sitting one
Notes: This word is a present participle, meaning 'sitting' or 'seated'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of sitting or is in a seated position. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to provide more information about the action or state.
Inflection: Present, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΑΙ, ΕΔΡΑΖΩ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G4151
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PNEV-mah
Translations: Spirit, a Spirit, wind, breath, a breath
Notes: This is a scribal abbreviation (nomina sacra) for the Koine Greek word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ (pneuma). It refers to spirit, wind, or breath. In theological contexts, it often refers to the Holy Spirit. It can also describe a non-physical entity or the vital force within a living being.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΨΥΧΗ
Etymology: From the Greek word πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow'.
G5216
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MOHN
Translations: (of) you, your
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the second-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of you' or 'your' when referring to multiple people. It indicates possession, origin, or relationship concerning a group of people being addressed. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of you' (your house) or 'from among you'.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Genitive
G4245
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-ron
Translations: older, elder, more ancient, a presbyter, an elder
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective or noun 'presbyteros'. As an adjective, it means 'older' or 'elder', often used to compare age or seniority. As a noun, it refers to an 'elder' or 'presbyter', a person of advanced age or a leader in a community, particularly in religious contexts. It can be used to describe someone who is more senior in age or position than another.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΡΕΣΒΥΣ, ΓΕΡΩΝ
G2235
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AY-day
Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith
Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has already occurred. It emphasizes the immediacy or completion of an action or state. It can be used to mean 'already' in the sense of something having taken place before the expected time, or 'now' in the sense of 'at this very moment'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΡΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-d- (meaning 'already, now'). It is related to words meaning 'at that time' or 'then'.
G3132
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle), Adjective
Sounds like: meh-mah-RAH-meh-noh
Translations: withered, faded, shriveled, decayed, worn out, exhausted, having withered, having faded
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle of the verb 'μαραίνω' (marainō), meaning 'to wither' or 'to fade'. As a participle, it describes a state or condition resulting from an action, indicating something that has been withered, faded, or has decayed. It can be used adjectivally to describe a noun, or verbally to indicate a completed action with a continuing result. For example, it might describe plants that have died, or a person who is worn out or exhausted.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Perfect, Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΞΗΡΑΙΝΩ, ΦΘΕΙΡΩ
Etymology: The word 'μαραίνω' (marainō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'μαραίνω' (marainō) meaning 'to waste away' or 'to extinguish'. It describes a process of decay or loss of vitality.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-khon
Translations: having, holding, possessing, keeping, being in possession of, being able to, being, having a, holding a
Notes: This word is the present active participle, neuter singular or masculine/neuter accusative singular, of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes something or someone that is in the act of possessing or holding something. It can also be used to indicate a state of being or ability.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative/Accusative, Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ
G1411
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DY-na-min
Translations: power, might, strength, ability, miracle
Notes: This word refers to inherent power, ability, or strength. It can also denote miraculous power or a mighty work. It is used to describe the capacity to perform something, whether physical, moral, or spiritual.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.
G3120
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: mah-lah-KEE-ohn
Translations: of the effeminate, of the soft, of the weak, of the morally weak
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'malakos'. It describes something belonging to or characteristic of those who are soft, weak, or effeminate. In a moral or ethical context, it can refer to those who are morally weak or lacking in self-control, often specifically associated with sexual immorality or effeminacy.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΔΡΟΓΥΝΟΣ, ΘΗΛΥΣ
G5216
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MOHN
Translations: (of) you, your
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the second-person pronoun, meaning 'of you' or 'your'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to how 'your' or 'of you' is used in English. For example, it might appear in phrases like 'your house' or 'the love of you (plural)'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Second Person
G1374
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dip-sy-KHEE-ohn
Translations: of double-mindedness, of an unsettled mind, of wavering
Notes: This word refers to the state of having two minds or being of two souls, indicating an unsettled or wavering disposition. It is a compound word formed from 'δις' (dis), meaning 'twice' or 'double', and 'ψυχή' (psychē), meaning 'soul' or 'mind'. It describes a person who is indecisive, unstable, or divided in their loyalty or purpose, often implying a lack of faith or conviction. It is used to describe a state of internal conflict or spiritual instability.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΙΑ, ΑΣΤΑΘΕΙΑ
G5618
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: OH-sper
Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as
Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ
Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G4245
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-roy
Translations: elders, older men, presbyters
Notes: This word refers to older individuals, often those who hold a position of authority or leadership within a community, a family, or a religious group. In a religious context, it can specifically refer to church leaders or presbyters. It is used to describe a group of people who are older or hold a senior position.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΟΕΣΤΩΤΕΣ
G3371
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MAY-keh-tee
Translations: no longer, no more, not yet, not now
Notes: This word, ΜΗΚΑΙΤΙ, appears to be a misspelling or scribal error for ΜΗΚΕΤΙ (meketi). ΜΗΚΕΤΙ is an adverb that means 'no longer' or 'no more'. It is used to indicate the cessation of an action or state, often in prohibitions or negative commands. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'Do not do this any longer' or 'He is no longer here'. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (me) and the adverb ΕΤΙ (eti), meaning 'yet' or 'still'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΚΕΤΙ, ΟΥΔΕΠΟΤΕ
Etymology: The word ΜΗΚΕΤΙ is a compound of the negative particle ΜΗ (me), meaning 'not', and the adverb ΕΤΙ (eti), meaning 'yet' or 'still'. Its meaning evolved to signify 'no longer' or 'no more'.
G3371
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MAY-keh-tee
Translations: no longer, no more, not yet, not still
Notes: This word is a compound adverb formed from the negative particle "μη" (not) and the adverb "ἔτι" (yet, still). It means "no longer" or "no more," indicating the cessation of an action or state. It is used to express that something that was happening or was true is now no longer the case.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΚΕΤΙ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative particle ΜΗ (not) and the adverb ΕΤΙ (yet, still).
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: EKH-on-tes
Translations: having, holding, possessing, being, keeping, holding fast, holding back, having in mind, being able, being in a state of, being affected by
Notes: This word is the masculine nominative plural or feminine nominative plural or masculine accusative plural form of the present active participle of the verb 'ΕΧΩ' (echo), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes a group of people (or things) who are in the act of having, holding, or possessing something. It can also indicate a state of being or a condition. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'those having faith' or 'they who possess wisdom'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative Plural (Masculine or Feminine) or Accusative Plural (Masculine)
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΙ
G1680
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: el-pi-DAN
Translations: hope, a hope, expectation, confidence
Notes: This word refers to hope, expectation, or confidence. It is often used in a theological sense to describe the Christian hope in God's promises, but it can also refer to a general expectation or anticipation of something, whether good or bad. It can be used to express a feeling of trust or assurance.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΙΣ, ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΙΑ, ΘΑΡΣΟΣ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G365
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-neh-OH-sai
Translations: to renew, to be renewed, to be made new
Notes: This word means to renew, to make new again, or to be renewed. It implies a restoration to a former good state or a transformation into a new and better condition. It is often used in a spiritual or moral sense, referring to the renewal of the mind or spirit. It can be used transitively (to renew something) or intransitively (to be renewed).
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΑΙΝΙΖΩ, ΑΝΑΚΑΙΝΟΩ
Etymology: From G303 (ANA, 'up, again') and a derivative of G3501 (NEOS, 'new'). The word literally means 'to make new again' or 'to renew completely'.
G3761
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OO-deh
Translations: and not, neither, nor, not even, not
Notes: This word is a compound conjunction or adverb meaning 'and not', 'neither', 'nor', or 'not even'. It is used to connect two negative clauses or to emphasize a negation. It often appears in lists to negate multiple items, similar to how 'neither...nor' is used in English. It can also simply mean 'not' when emphasizing a point.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΕ, ΜΗΔΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, 'not') and the conjunction ΔΕ (de, 'but, and').
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: AL-lo
Translations: other, another, different, a different one, a different thing
Notes: This word refers to something that is distinct or different from what has already been mentioned or implied. It is used to introduce an additional item or person of the same kind, or to indicate a complete difference. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun or as a pronoun standing in for a noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G4328
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-do-KO-sin
Translations: they expect, they wait for, they look for, they await
Notes: This word means to expect, wait for, or look for something or someone. It implies a sense of anticipation or looking forward to an event or person. It is often used in contexts where there is a confident or hopeful expectation.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ
G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: AY
Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be
Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)
Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ
Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G2838
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koy-MEE-sin
Translations: sleep, a sleep, death, a death, falling asleep
Notes: This word refers to the act of sleeping or falling asleep. In a metaphorical sense, it is often used to refer to death, particularly the death of believers, implying a peaceful rest before resurrection. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΥΠΝΟΣ, ΘΑΝΑΤΟΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, their own
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun in the genitive plural. It can be translated as 'of them' or 'their', indicating possession or origin. It is often used reflexively, meaning 'their own' or 'of themselves', referring back to the subject of the sentence.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΣΦΩΝ, ΕΑΥΤΩΝ
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-toh
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in like manner
Notes: This word is an adverb of manner, indicating how something is done or the way in which something occurs. It can also refer to the extent or degree of something. It is often used to introduce a consequence or a comparison, meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It is an older form of ΟΥΤΩΣ, and both forms are used interchangeably in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos, 'this'). It indicates 'in this manner' or 'thus', referring back to something previously mentioned or implied.
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-tohs
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in such a way
Notes: This adverb indicates manner or degree, meaning 'in this way,' 'thus,' or 'so.' It can refer back to something previously mentioned or forward to something about to be stated. It often introduces a consequence or result, showing how something is done or to what extent.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (OUTOS), meaning 'this' or 'that'.
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MACE
Translations: you
Notes: This word is a second-person plural pronoun, meaning 'you' (referring to multiple people). It is used when the 'you' is the subject of the sentence, performing the action of the verb.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the Latin 'vos' and English 'you'.
G3123
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mah-lah-kis-THEN-tes
Translations: having been made soft, having become weak, having been effeminate, having been made cowardly, having been made irresolute
Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb 'μαλακίζω', meaning 'to make soft' or 'to become weak'. In this form, it describes individuals who have been made soft, weakened, or have become effeminate, cowardly, or irresolute. It implies a loss of strength, resolve, or moral fiber, often with a negative connotation regarding character or readiness for action.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΝΔΡΟΣ, ΔΕΙΛΟΣ, ΑΣΘΕΝΗΣ
G0979
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: bee-oh-tee-KOHN
Translations: of life, pertaining to life, of this life, worldly, affairs of life, things pertaining to life
Notes: This word describes things related to life, especially the affairs and concerns of daily existence in this world. It often refers to worldly matters, necessities, or anxieties, distinguishing them from spiritual or eternal concerns. It can be used to describe possessions, cares, or activities that are part of one's earthly life.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΙΚΟΣ, ΕΓΚΟΣΜΙΟΣ
G4229
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRAG-mah-ton
Translations: of things, of matters, of deeds, of affairs, of business, of facts, of objects, of circumstances
Notes: This word refers to things, matters, deeds, or affairs. It is often used in a general sense to denote a situation, an event, or a concrete object. It can also refer to business or legal matters. In the provided examples, it refers to 'evil things' or 'matters' in a general sense.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΩΝ, ΠΟΙΗΜΑΤΩΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ
G3860
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pah-reh-DOH-kah-teh
Translations: you delivered, you handed over, you betrayed, you committed, you entrusted
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hand over,' 'to deliver,' 'to transmit,' or 'to betray.' It implies the act of giving something or someone into the power or care of another. It can be used in contexts ranging from teaching or passing on traditions to surrendering or betraying a person.
Inflection: Aorist Active Indicative, 2nd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ
G1438
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ow-TOOS
Translations: themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'themselves'. It is used to refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause, indicating that the action is performed by the subject upon itself. For example, 'they save themselves'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G0001
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-kay-DEE-as
Translations: of listlessness, of spiritual sloth, of despondency, of dejection, of apathy, of indifference
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΑΚΗΔΙΑ' (akēdia). It refers to a state of spiritual or mental listlessness, despondency, or apathy, often associated with a lack of care or concern. It describes a condition where one feels a profound weariness or indifference, particularly in spiritual matters. In context, it would typically be translated as 'of listlessness' or 'of spiritual sloth', indicating possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΘΥΜΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΝΥΞΙΣ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: Unknown
Translations: It's not clear what this word means
Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a garbled form of a Koine Greek word. It is not a recognized form in standard lexicons. It might be a corruption of a verb form, possibly related to 'περιρρίπτω' (perirripto), meaning 'to throw around' or 'to cast off', but the initial 'αι' is problematic. Without further context or correction, its meaning remains unknown.
Inflection: Unknown
G4496
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-PEH-rip-sah-teh
Translations: you threw, you cast, you threw down, you cast down
Notes: This is a verb in the aorist active indicative mood, second person plural. It means 'you (plural) threw' or 'you (plural) cast'. It describes a completed action of throwing or casting something, often with force or down.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ
G1438
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ow-TON
Translations: (of) themselves, their own
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action or possession relates to the subject itself. It is used to emphasize that the subject is acting upon or possessing something related to itself, rather than someone or something else.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
G3309
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: meh-RIM-nas
Translations: cares, anxieties, worries, concerns, a care, an anxiety, a worry, a concern
Notes: This word refers to a state of anxiety, worry, or concern, often about worldly matters or the necessities of life. It can also denote the object of such concern. It is typically used in a negative sense, implying distraction or distress caused by these worries.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΓΩΝΙΑ, ΦΡΟΝΤΙΣ, ΑΝΙΑ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-ON
Translations: Lord, a Lord
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΝ (KYRION), meaning 'Lord'. It is the accusative singular form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (KYRIOS), which means 'Lord' or 'Master'. It is used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, or sometimes to a human master or owner. In the provided context, it is used with the accusative article 'ΤΟΝ', indicating it is the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
Etymology: From ΚΥΡΟΣ (KYROS), meaning 'power' or 'authority'. It refers to one who has power or authority, hence 'lord' or 'master'.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, nevertheless, however, indeed
Notes: This word is primarily a conjunction used to introduce a contrast or opposition to what has just been stated. It can often be translated as 'but' or 'yet'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'on the contrary' or 'indeed', emphasizing a preceding statement or introducing a strong affirmation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ
Etymology: From the neuter plural of the adjective ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other'. It developed into a conjunction indicating distinction or opposition.
G2296
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-thav-MAH-sthay
Translations: was amazed, was astonished, was marveled, was wondered
Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'thaumazo', meaning 'to marvel' or 'to be astonished'. It describes an action that happened in the past, where the subject experienced amazement or wonder, rather than performing the action of amazing someone else. It indicates a state of being filled with wonder.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ, ΕΚΘΑΜΒΕΩ
G2296
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-thav-THEE
Translations: was amazed, was astonished, marveled, wondered
Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'θαυμάζω' (thaumazo), meaning 'to be amazed' or 'to wonder'. It describes a state of being filled with wonder, astonishment, or admiration. It is used to express a strong emotional reaction to something extraordinary or unexpected.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ, ΘΑΜΒΕΩ
G2352
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eth-RAV-sthee
Translations: was broken, was shattered, was crushed, was bruised
Notes: This word describes an action of being broken, shattered, or crushed. It is used to indicate that something has undergone a forceful impact resulting in its destruction or severe damage, often in a passive sense, meaning the subject received the action rather than performed it.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΡΙΒΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΝΥΜΙ
Etymology: The word θραύω (thrauo) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or related to an onomatopoeic root suggesting a breaking sound.
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G1271
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-AH-noy-ah
Translations: mind, understanding, a mind, an understanding, thought, purpose, intention, intellect
Notes: This word refers to the faculty of thinking, understanding, and reasoning. It encompasses the intellect, thoughts, intentions, and purposes of a person. It can describe the inner disposition or the way one thinks about something. It is a compound word formed from διά (dia, "through") and νοῦς (nous, "mind").
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΝΟΥΣ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ (dianoia) is a compound of διά (dia), meaning "through" or "across," and νοῦς (nous), meaning "mind" or "intellect." It literally means "a thinking through" or "a thorough understanding."
G1820
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pah-LEH-oh-thee
Translations: to be smeared, to be anointed, to be rubbed, to be plastered, to be daubed
Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative, third person singular, of the verb 'epaleipho' (ΕΠΑΛΕΙΦΩ). It means 'to be smeared,' 'to be anointed,' 'to be rubbed,' 'to be plastered,' or 'to be daubed.' It describes the action of having a substance applied to a surface or body, often for medicinal, ritual, or protective purposes. The form 'ΕΠΑΛΕΩΘΗΕ' is likely a misspelling or scribal error for 'ΕΠΑΛΕΙΦΘΗ' (epaleiphthē), which is the correct aorist passive indicative form.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΛΕΙΦΩ, ΧΡΙΩ
Etymology: The root verb ΕΠΑΛΕΙΦΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on,' and the verb ΑΛΕΙΦΩ (aleipho), meaning 'to anoint' or 'to smear.' Thus, it literally means 'to smear upon' or 'to anoint upon.'
G0210
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-ah-LEH-oh-thee-teh
Translations: be rubbed, be anointed, be smeared, be massaged
Notes: This word is a verb, meaning to be rubbed, anointed, or smeared. It is often used in the context of applying oil or ointment, or in a broader sense, to be massaged or treated by rubbing. The prefix 'epi-' (ΕΠ-) intensifies the action, suggesting a thorough or complete rubbing/anointing. In this specific form, it is an aorist passive imperative, meaning it's a command for someone to be rubbed or anointed.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Imperative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΧΡΙΩ, ΜΥΡΩ
Etymology: The root word ΑΛΕΩ (aleo) means 'to rub, grind, or anoint'. It is related to the idea of pressing or grinding something, often to extract oil or to apply it. The prefix ΕΠΙ- (epi-) means 'upon, over, in addition to'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Article
Sounds like: TES
Translations: all, every, whole, any, each, the
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the Koine Greek word 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. Without diacritics, 'ΤΕΣ' most commonly represents the feminine plural nominative, accusative, or vocative form of 'πᾶς', which would be 'πᾶσαι' (pasai) or 'πάσας' (pasas) or 'πᾶσες' (pases) in modern Greek. It can also function as a part of the definite article, 'ταῖς' (tais), meaning 'the' (feminine plural dative), or 'τῆς' (tes), meaning 'of the' (feminine singular genitive). In context, it typically refers to a group of feminine nouns, indicating that 'all' or 'every' member of that group is included. For example, 'all women' or 'every city'.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative (from πᾶς); or Feminine, Plural, Dative (from ὁ); or Feminine, Singular, Genitive (from ὁ)
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Letter
Sounds like: SEEG-mah
Translations: Sigma (letter), 200 (number)
Notes: Sigma is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. It represents the 's' sound. In ancient Greek, it had two forms: Σ (uppercase) and σ (lowercase). At the end of a word, the lowercase form changes to ς (final sigma). It also functions as a numeral, representing the number 200.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The letter Sigma is derived from the Phoenician letter Shin (𐤔). Its name 'sigma' is thought to come from the Phoenician 'samkh' or 'sibilant'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH-ees
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: This word is the dative plural feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate that the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the dative case, often signifying indirect objects, recipients, or the means by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to the' or 'for the', or simply 'the' depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
G3077
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ly-PAIS
Translations: sorrow, grief, pain, distress, sadness, affliction
Notes: This word refers to a state of emotional pain, sadness, or distress. It is often used to describe the feeling of grief or sorrow. It can be used in various contexts to express deep emotional suffering or affliction.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΔΥΝΗ, ΠΕΝΘΟΣ, ΣΤΕΝΑΓΜΟΣ
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or continuation. It often introduces a conclusion or a statement that follows from what has just been said. It can also be used to resume a narrative or to emphasize a point, sometimes translated as 'now' or 'indeed' in such contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u, a particle indicating 'away from'. In Greek, it developed into a particle of inference or transition.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EN
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.
G2521
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-KAH-thay-toh
Translations: was sitting, sat, was seated
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'kathēmai', meaning 'to sit' or 'to be seated'. It describes an action of sitting that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It can refer to someone being in a seated position or taking a seat.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΘΙΖΩ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ (kathēmai) comes from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down', and the verb ΗΜΑΙ (hēmai), meaning 'to sit'. It literally means 'to sit down'.
G2309
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AY-theh-lon
Translations: I was wishing, I was wanting, I was desiring, they were wishing, they were wanting, they were desiring, I wanted, I wished, I desired, they wanted, they wished, they desired
Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'θέλω' (thelō), meaning 'to wish,' 'to want,' or 'to desire.' The imperfect tense describes an ongoing, continuous, or repeated action in the past, or an action that was attempted but not completed. It can also describe the beginning of an action in the past. Depending on the context, 'ηθελον' can be translated as 'I was wishing/wanting/desiring' (first person singular) or 'they were wishing/wanting/desiring' (third person plural). It can also be translated as a simple past tense, 'I wanted/wished/desired' or 'they wanted/wished/desired,' especially when the continuous aspect is not emphasized.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
Etymology: The word 'θέλω' (thelō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an ancient root meaning 'to will' or 'to wish.' It is a common verb in Koine Greek, used to express desire, intention, or willingness.
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: GNO-neh
Translations: to know, to understand, to perceive, to learn, to come to know
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to understand'. In the provided context, 'ΓΝΩΝΕ' appears to be a misspelling or an alternative spelling of 'γνῶναι' (gnōnai), which is the aorist active infinitive form of 'γινώσκω'. It describes the act of coming to know or understanding something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive (likely a misspelling of 'γνῶναι')
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: gno-NAI
Translations: to know, to understand, to perceive, to learn, to recognize
Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō), meaning 'to know'. It expresses the action of knowing or coming to know in a general sense, without specifying the time of the action. It is often used as the object of another verb or as a complement to an adjective, indicating purpose or result, such as 'to be able to know' or 'for the purpose of knowing'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-eh
Translations: Lord, O Lord, Master, Sir
Notes: This word is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΕ (Kyrie), which is the vocative form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It is used as a direct address to God or Jesus, meaning 'Lord' or 'Master'. It can also be used as a respectful address to a human, similar to 'Sir'.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
Etymology: From κύρω (kyro), meaning 'to have power' or 'to be master of'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAS
Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole
Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.
G0772
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: as-theh-NES
Translations: weak, feeble, sick, ill, infirm, powerless, without strength, a weak person
Notes: This word describes someone or something that lacks strength, is feeble, or is in a state of illness or infirmity. It can refer to physical weakness, but also to moral or spiritual weakness, or a lack of power or influence. It is often used to describe those who are physically unwell or disabled.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine; or Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine; or Singular, Vocative, Masculine or Feminine. It can also be the root form for other inflections.
Synonyms: ΑΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ, ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΑ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative prefix 'A-' (meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'ΣΘΕΝΟΣ' (STHENOS), meaning 'strength' or 'power'. Thus, it literally means 'without strength'.
G2515
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-THEH-dran
Translations: a chair, a seat, a throne
Notes: This word refers to a chair, seat, or throne. It is used to denote a place where one sits, often implying a position of authority or teaching, such as a teacher's chair or a ruler's throne. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΡΟΝΟΣ, ΕΔΡΑ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΕΔΡΑ (kathedra) comes from the Greek preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἕδρα (hedra), meaning 'seat' or 'sitting'. Thus, it literally means 'a sitting down' or 'a seat'.
G2521
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ka-THEH-zeh-tai
Translations: sits down, is seated, takes a seat
Notes: This word means to sit down or to be seated. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (down) and the verb ἕζομαι (to sit). It describes the action of taking a seat or being in a seated position, often implying a deliberate action or a state of rest.
Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ, ΚΑΘΙΖΩ
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G769
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: as-THEH-nee-an
Translations: weakness, a weakness, infirmity, a sickness, disease, an illness
Notes: This word refers to a state of weakness, infirmity, or sickness. It can describe physical weakness, illness, or even a moral or spiritual feebleness. It is often used in the context of human frailty or suffering.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΡΩΣΤΙΑ, ΝΟΣΟΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: of him, of it, his, its, of himself, of itself, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun, a possessive pronoun, or an intensive/reflexive pronoun. In the genitive case, as seen here, it typically means 'of him' or 'of it' when referring to a third person, or 'his' or 'its' to indicate possession. It can also be used for emphasis, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', especially when preceding the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G4794
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-krah-TAY-thay
Translations: was held together, was restrained, was seized, was held fast
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (with, together) and the verb ΚΡΑΤΕΩ (to be strong, to hold, to seize). In this form, it means to be held together, to be restrained, or to be seized, often implying a firm or complete grasp. It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject was the recipient of the action.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ
Etymology: The word ΣΥΓΚΡΑΤΕΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΚΡΑΤΕΩ (krateō), meaning 'to be strong, to rule, to hold'. The 'ν' of ΣΥΝ assimilates to 'γ' before 'κ'.
G0769
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahs-theh-NEH-ah
Translations: weakness, a weakness, sickness, an infirmity, disease
Notes: This word is a feminine noun that refers to a state of weakness, lack of strength, or infirmity. It can describe physical sickness or disease, as well as a more general sense of feebleness or inability. It is often used in contexts relating to human frailty or suffering.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΡΩΣΤΙΑ, ΝΟΣΟΣ
Etymology: Derived from the adjective ἀσθενής (asthenes), meaning 'weak, without strength', which is a compound of ἀ- (a-, 'not') and σθένος (sthenos, 'strength, vigor').
G4983
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SOH-mah-tos
Translations: of body, of a body, of flesh, of a flesh, of substance, of a substance
Notes: This word refers to the physical body, whether human or animal, or to a substance or material. It can also refer to a collective body, like a group of people. In a broader sense, it can denote the substance or reality of something, as opposed to its shadow or image. It is used to describe the physical aspect of a being or object.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΑΡΞ, ΟΥΣΙΑ
G2191
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EKH-is
Translations: viper, adder, snake
Notes: This word refers to a viper or a poisonous snake. It is used to describe a dangerous or venomous creature, often metaphorically for malicious or deceitful people.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΦΙΣ, ΔΡΑΚΩΝ
Etymology: The etymology of 'echis' is uncertain, but it is believed to be of pre-Greek origin, possibly related to words for 'snake' in other ancient languages.
G5179
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TOO-pon
Translations: type, a type, pattern, a pattern, example, an example, form, a form, figure, a figure, model, a model, impression, an impression, mark, a mark
Notes: This word refers to a pattern, model, or example that serves as a standard or guide. It can also denote an impression or mark left by a blow or pressure. In a broader sense, it can refer to a prefiguring or foreshadowing of something to come, especially in a theological context.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΔΕΙΓΜΑ, ΕΙΚΩΝ, ΜΟΡΦΗ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-tays
Translations: of first, of the first, first
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'first' in order, rank, or importance. It is used to describe something that comes before all others. For example, it can refer to the first day, the first group, or the most important person.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ
G3706
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-RAH-seh-ohs
Translations: of a vision, of a sight, of an appearance, of a revelation
Notes: This word refers to the act of seeing, a sight, a vision, or an appearance. It can also denote a divine revelation or an insight. In a sentence, it would typically be used to indicate the source or origin of something related to seeing or a vision, often translated with 'of' or 'from'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΘΕΑ, ΕΠΙΦΑΝΕΙΑ
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