Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Codex Sinaiticus / Shepherd of Hermas / Chapter 21Shepherd of Hermas, Chapter 21
Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G5154
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Numeral
Sounds like: TREE-tay
Translations: third, a third, the third
Notes: This word is an ordinal number meaning 'third'. It is used to indicate position in a sequence, such as 'the third day' or 'the third person'. It functions as an adjective, modifying a noun, and agrees with it in gender, number, and case.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: The word ΤΡΙΤΟΣ (tritos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *trei- meaning 'three'.
G3705
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: o-RA-say
Translations: vision, a vision, sight, appearance
Notes: This word refers to something seen, especially a supernatural appearance or revelation, often in a dream or trance. It can also simply mean the act of seeing or the faculty of sight, or even the outward appearance of something. It is used to describe divine communications or prophetic experiences.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΠΤΑΣΙΑ, ΟΝΕΙΡΟΝ, ΘΕΑ
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-des
Translations: you saw, you knew, you perceived, you understood
Notes: This word is the second person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'οἶδα' (oida), which means 'to know' or 'to see'. In this specific form, it refers to an action of seeing or knowing that occurred in the past and is completed. It can be used in sentences where someone directly observed or gained knowledge of something.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ
Etymology: The verb 'οἶδα' (oida) is a perfect tense form used with a present meaning, meaning 'I know' (literally 'I have seen'). It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, meaning 'to see' or 'to know'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEEN
Translations: her, it, this, that
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, meaning 'her' or 'it' when referring to a feminine noun. It is used in the accusative case, indicating that the feminine noun it refers to is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can also function as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'herself' or 'itself', or as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G3501
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: neh-oh-TEH-ran
Translations: younger, a younger, younger woman, a younger woman
Notes: This word is a comparative adjective meaning 'younger'. It is used to describe someone or something that is younger than another. In the provided context, it refers to a younger woman or daughter. It is often used in contrast with 'older' or 'elder'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Comparative
Synonyms: ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ, ΝΕΟΣ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G2570
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ka-LEN
Translations: good, a good, beautiful, a beautiful, noble, a noble, excellent, an excellent, fine, a fine, fair, a fair
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΚΑΛΗΝ (KALEN), which is the accusative feminine singular form of the adjective ΚΑΛΟΣ (KALOS). It describes something as good, beautiful, noble, excellent, fine, or fair. It is used to modify a feminine noun in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΩΡΑΙΟΣ, ΕΥΓΕΝΗΣ
Etymology: From the root *kal-, meaning 'to call' or 'to shine'. It is related to words signifying beauty and goodness, suggesting an inherent quality that is pleasing or admirable.
G2431
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hee-lah-RAN
Translations: cheerful, joyful, glad, a cheerful, a joyful, a glad
Notes: This word describes someone or something as cheerful, joyful, or glad. It is used to express a state of happiness or good spirits. For example, it could describe a person's disposition or a pleasant atmosphere.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΩΝ, ΧΑΙΡΩΝ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΩΝ
G2570
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ka-LEEN
Translations: good, beautiful, noble, excellent, a good, a beautiful, a noble, an excellent
Notes: This word describes something as good, beautiful, noble, or excellent. It is often used to describe moral goodness, physical beauty, or high quality. It can be used to describe people, objects, or actions. For example, it can refer to a good person, a beautiful object, or a noble deed.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΩΡΑΙΟΣ, ΕΥΓΕΝΗΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G3444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mor-FEE
Translations: form, a form, shape, a shape, appearance, an appearance, nature, a nature
Notes: This word, ΜΟΡΦΗ, is presented as a scribal abbreviation, indicated by the overline on the final letter. The full word is ΜΟΡΦΗ. It refers to the outward form, shape, or appearance of something, but can also denote its essential nature or character. It describes the specific configuration or structure that gives something its identity. For example, it can describe the physical shape of a person or object, or the inherent nature of a being.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: From an assumed base of the verb 'merphō' meaning 'to fashion'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEES
Translations: of her, of it, her, its
Notes: This word is a pronoun meaning 'of her' or 'of it', referring to a feminine noun or concept. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, similar to the English 'her' or 'its' when referring to a feminine antecedent. For example, 'the house of her' or 'her house'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G1437
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eh-AHN
Translations: if, when, whenever, although
Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It often implies a condition that is possible or expected to occur, or a general truth. It can also be used to mean 'when' or 'whenever' in a general sense, or even 'although' in some contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΙ
Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an), which indicates potentiality or contingency. It combines these elements to form a conditional conjunction.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TEE-nee
Translations: to/for someone, to/for something, by someone, by something, with someone, with something, in what, to what, by what, a certain one, a certain thing, (to) what, (to) whom, (to) which
Notes: ΤΙΝΙ is the dative singular form of the indefinite and interrogative pronoun ΤΙΣ. As an indefinite pronoun, it means 'someone,' 'something,' 'a certain one,' or 'a certain thing,' indicating an unspecified person or object. As an interrogative pronoun, it means 'to whom,' 'to what,' 'by whom,' or 'by what,' asking about the recipient or agent of an action. Its meaning depends on the context, often indicating an indirect object or an instrument.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, All genders
Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ
G3076
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: loo-POO-meh-noh
Translations: to the one grieving, to the one being grieved, to the one sorrowing, to the one distressed
Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'λυπέω' (lypeō), meaning 'to grieve' or 'to cause sorrow'. In this form, it describes someone who is experiencing grief, sorrow, or distress. It functions like an adjective or noun, indicating the person to whom something is happening or who is in a state of sorrow.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Passive
Synonyms: ΠΕΝΘΟΥΝΤΙ, ΣΤΕΝΑΖΟΝΤΙ
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EL-thay
Translations: come, go
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It is used to describe the action of moving towards or away from a place, or to indicate the arrival or departure of someone or something. It can be used in various contexts, such as a person coming to a house, an event coming to pass, or a message coming to someone.
Inflection: Aorist, Subjunctive, Active, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ
G0032
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ang-geh-LEE-ah
Translations: message, a message, news, a report, an announcement
Notes: This word refers to a message, news, or an announcement. It is often used in the context of bringing tidings, whether good or bad, and can describe the content of what is communicated. It is derived from the verb 'ἀγγέλλω' (aggellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to report'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ, ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΟΝ
Etymology: The word 'ἀγγελία' (angelia) comes from the Greek verb 'ἀγγέλλω' (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to report'. This verb itself is of uncertain origin, but it is an ancient Greek term for conveying information.
G0071
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AH-gah
Translations: lead, bring, carry, go, come, take, drive, bring forth, bring up
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'ago', meaning to lead, bring, or carry. It is often used in contexts of movement, guiding, or bringing something or someone to a particular place or state. It can also imply bringing forth or producing something.
Inflection: Aorist, Imperative, Second Person Plural
Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ
G0018
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-gah-THEH
Translations: good, a good, good (feminine)
Notes: This word describes something as good, beneficial, or excellent. It is used to qualify a feminine noun, indicating that the noun possesses the quality of goodness. For example, it could describe a good woman, a good deed, or a good thing.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G2112
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
Sounds like: EW-thys
Translations: immediately, straightway, forthwith, at once, directly, straight, right, direct, a straight, a right
Notes: ΕΥΘΥΣ can function as an adverb meaning 'immediately' or 'straightway', indicating something happens without delay. It can also function as an adjective meaning 'straight', 'right', or 'direct', describing a path, a person's character, or a judgment. Its meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.
Inflection: Adverb (does not inflect); Adjective (Nominative, Masculine or Feminine, Singular)
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΧΡΗΜΑ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ
Etymology: From a primary particle meaning 'straight'. It conveys the idea of directness, either in space (straight line) or time (immediately).
G1950
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-peh-LAH-theh-toh
Translations: forgot, he forgot, she forgot, it forgot
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to forget' or 'to neglect'. It is often used to describe someone losing memory of something or someone, or intentionally disregarding something. In the provided examples, it refers to forgetting a song or a person. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, over) and 'λανθάνομαι' (to escape notice, to be hidden).
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΛΗΘΩ, ΑΜΝΗΜΟΝΕΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G4386
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pro-TEH-rohn
Translations: of former things, of previous things, of earlier things
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'former', 'previous', or 'earlier'. It is used to refer to things that happened or existed before the present time, often in the context of past events or conditions. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΩΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙΩΝ
G3077, G3076
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Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
Sounds like: loo-POHN
Translations: of sorrows, of griefs, of pains, grieving, sorrowing, causing sorrow, causing grief, causing pain
Notes: This word can function as both a noun and a verb. As a noun, it refers to sorrows, griefs, or pains. As a verb, it describes the act of grieving, sorrowing, or causing sorrow. In the provided examples, 'ΛΥΠΩΝ' appears as the genitive plural of the noun 'sorrow' (meaning 'of sorrows') and as a present active participle of the verb 'to grieve' (meaning 'grieving' or 'causing sorrow').
Inflection: Noun: Plural, Genitive, Feminine; Verb: Present Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΔΥΝΗ, ΠΕΝΘΟΣ, ΣΤΕΝΑΓΜΟΣ
G3762
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: oo-DEN
Translations: nothing, no one, none, a nothing, not even one, no
Notes: This word means "nothing" or "no one." It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something. It can function as a pronoun, meaning "nothing" or "no one," or as an adjective, meaning "no" or "not even one" when modifying a noun. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, "not") and ΔΕΝ (den, an emphatic particle).
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΝ, ΟΥΔΕΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΔΕΝ is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ (ou), meaning "not," and ΔΕΝ (den), an emphatic particle. It emphasizes a complete negation.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: AL-lo
Translations: other, another, different, a different one, a different thing
Notes: This word refers to something that is distinct or different from what has already been mentioned or implied. It is used to introduce an additional item or person of the same kind, or to indicate a complete difference. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun or as a pronoun standing in for a noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G4327
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-DEH-kheh-tai
Translations: receives, accepts, awaits, expects, is received, is accepted, is awaited, is expected
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb δέχομαι (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. Together, it means to receive or accept something, often with an implication of welcoming or waiting for it. It can also mean to await or expect something or someone. It is used in sentences where someone is receiving, accepting, or anticipating an action or object.
Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Present Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ, ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ
G4337
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-kheh-KHEH-tai
Translations: he has paid attention, he has applied himself, he has given heed, it has been paid attention to, it has been applied to, it has been given heed to
Notes: This word is the third person singular, perfect tense, middle or passive voice, indicative mood of the verb προσέχω (prosechō). It describes an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results in the present. In the middle voice, it means 'he has paid attention to himself' or 'he has applied himself'. In the passive voice, it means 'it has been paid attention to' or 'it has been given heed to'. The verb generally means to pay attention, to apply oneself, to give heed, or to be devoted to something.
Inflection: Singular, Third Person, Perfect Tense, Middle or Passive Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΕΠΕΧΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ
Etymology: The word προσέχω (prosechō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in addition to', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have, to hold'. Thus, it literally means 'to hold toward' or 'to apply to', which evolved into the meaning of paying attention or giving heed.
G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: AY
Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be
Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)
Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ
Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Article
Sounds like: TAYN
Translations: the
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΤΗΝ (TĒN), which is the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As an article, it always precedes the noun it modifies and agrees with it in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used with feminine singular nouns in the accusative case.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from a demonstrative pronoun in Proto-Indo-European. It evolved to function as a definite article, specifying nouns.
G0032
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ang-ge-LEE-an
Translations: message, a message, news, a report, a proclamation, an announcement, a declaration
Notes: This word refers to a message, news, or a report that is delivered. It can also denote an announcement or a proclamation. It is often used in contexts where information is being conveyed from one person or entity to another.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΙΔΗΣΙΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ANE
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was, I was
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to describe a state of being or existence in the past, often indicating a continuous or repeated action or condition. For example, it can mean 'he was' or 'it was'.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, 1st or 3rd person singular
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-KOO-sen
Translations: he heard, she heard, it heard, he listened, she listened, it listened, he understood, she understood, it understood
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hear', 'to listen', or 'to understand'. It is used to describe the action of perceiving sound or comprehending information. As an aorist tense verb, it describes a completed action in the past, without specifying its duration. It is in the third person singular, meaning the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it'.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ
G2240
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-koo-sin
Translations: they came, they arrived, they have come, they have arrived
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to come' or 'to arrive'. It is used to describe the action of people or things moving towards a particular place or state. In this form, it indicates that a group of people 'came' or 'arrived'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Indicative, Aorist, Active
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- 'to follow'. In ancient Greek, it developed the meaning of 'to have come, to be present, to arrive'.
G2478
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: iss-khoo-roh-poy-EH-tay
Translations: is made strong, is strengthened, is empowered
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to be made strong' or 'to be strengthened'. It describes a state of being empowered or becoming robust. It is used to indicate that someone or something is receiving strength or being fortified, often implying a divine source of power in a religious context.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΟΥΤΑΙ, ΕΝΔΥΝΑΜΟΥΤΑΙ
Etymology: The word is a compound of ἰσχυρός (ischyros), meaning 'strong, mighty', and ποιέω (poieō), meaning 'to make, to do'. Thus, it literally means 'to make strong'.
G3062
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb
Sounds like: LOY-pon
Translations: remaining, the rest, the remainder, other, finally, henceforth, for the rest
Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'remaining' or 'other', a noun meaning 'the rest' or 'the remainder', or an adverb meaning 'finally', 'henceforth', or 'for the rest'. As an adjective, it describes what is left over. As a noun, it refers to the remaining portion or people. As an adverb, it introduces a concluding thought or indicates a future time.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb λείπω (leípō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'.
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G0018
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ah-gah-THON
Translations: good, a good thing, what is good, beneficial, virtuous
Notes: This word describes something as good, beneficial, or virtuous. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its positive quality. It can also be used substantively as a neuter noun, meaning 'a good thing' or 'what is good', referring to a moral or material benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word originates from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'good' or 'able'. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages.
G0365
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-NEH-oo-tai
Translations: is renewed, is being renewed, is made new
Notes: This word describes the process of being renewed or made new, often in a spiritual or moral sense. It implies a transformation or restoration to a fresh state, rather than a simple repair. It is used to describe something that is undergoing a continuous process of renewal.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΙΖΩ, ΑΝΑΚΑΙΝΙΖΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: of him, of it, his, its, of himself, of itself, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun, a possessive pronoun, or an intensive/reflexive pronoun. In the genitive case, as seen here, it typically means 'of him' or 'of it' when referring to a third person, or 'his' or 'its' to indicate possession. It can also be used for emphasis, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', especially when preceding the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
G4151
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PNEH-oo-mah
Translations: Spirit, a Spirit, wind, breath
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation (nomina sacra) for ΠΝΕΥΜΑ (PNEUMA). It refers to spirit, breath, or wind. In a theological context, it often refers to the Holy Spirit. It can also describe a human spirit or a non-physical entity. The context usually clarifies its specific meaning.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ
Etymology: From the Greek verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe, to blow'. It refers to that which is breathed or blown.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G5479
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kha-RAHN
Translations: joy, a joy, delight, a delight, gladness, a gladness
Notes: ΧΑΡΑΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΧΑΡΑ (chará), meaning 'joy,' 'delight,' or 'gladness.' It is used when 'joy' is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions in a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the root χαίρω (chaírō, 'to rejoice'). It is related to the concept of grace or favor.
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-lah-ben
Translations: he took, she took, it took, he received, she received, it received, he got, she got, it got
Notes: This is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to get.' It describes a completed action in the past performed by a single subject (he, she, or it). For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He took the book' or 'She received the gift.'
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-tohs
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in such a way
Notes: This adverb indicates manner or degree, meaning 'in this way,' 'thus,' or 'so.' It can refer back to something previously mentioned or forward to something about to be stated. It often introduces a consequence or result, showing how something is done or to what extent.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (OUTOS), meaning 'this' or 'that'.
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MEES
Translations: you, to you, for you, by you, with you
Notes: This word is a second-person plural pronoun. Without diacritics, it most commonly represents either the nominative form 'ὑμεῖς' (you) or the dative form 'ὑμῖν' (to/for/by/with you). Its specific meaning in a sentence depends on the grammatical case it represents, which is often determined by context or the presence of prepositions. It refers to a group of people being addressed.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Dative
Etymology: The word 'ὑμεῖς' (hymeis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *yuH- (you). It is the plural form of the second-person pronoun.
G5213
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MEEN
Translations: (to) you, (for) you
Notes: This word is a second person plural pronoun, meaning 'you' (plural). It is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action. It can be translated as 'to you' or 'for you', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative
G0365
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-NEH-oh-sin
Translations: renewal, a renewal
Notes: This word refers to a renewal or renovation, a spiritual transformation that brings about a new state or condition. It implies a change from an old, worn-out, or corrupted state to a fresh, new, and improved one. It is often used in a theological context to describe the spiritual renewal of a person.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΑΙΝΙΣΙΣ
G5282
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hee-lay-PHA-teh
Translations: you have supposed, you have assumed, you have taken up, you have received
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'hypolambano', meaning 'to take up, to receive, to suppose, or to assume'. In this specific form, it indicates an action completed in the past by 'you' (plural). It is often used in contexts where someone has formed an opinion or made an assumption.
Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, Second Person Plural
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ
G4151
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PNEV-mah-tohn
Translations: (of) spirits, (of) winds, (of) breaths, (of) ghosts
Notes: This word refers to spirits, winds, or breaths. It is often used in a spiritual context to refer to immaterial beings or the Holy Spirit, but can also refer to literal wind or a breath. In the provided examples, it refers to spiritual entities or the spiritual aspect of beings.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΩΝ, ΨΥΧΩΝ
G5216
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MOHN
Translations: (of) you, your
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the second-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of you' or 'your' when referring to multiple people. It indicates possession, origin, or relationship concerning a group of people being addressed. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of you' (your house) or 'from among you'.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Genitive
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-DON-tes
Translations: seeing, having seen, when they saw, those who saw
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to see'. It describes an action of seeing that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially to describe the subject of the main verb. It can be translated as 'seeing', 'having seen', or 'when they saw', depending on the context.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΟΝΤΕΣ, ΘΕΩΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G0018
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ah-ga-THA
Translations: good, good things, benefits, blessings, advantages
Notes: This word refers to that which is good in nature, quality, or character. It can describe a person, an action, or a thing. When used as a noun, it often refers to 'good things' or 'benefits'. It is frequently used in a moral or ethical sense, denoting what is morally upright or beneficial.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EP-ee
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a
Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'
Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soom-pse-LEE-oo
Translations: of a bench, of a seat, of a stool
Notes: This word refers to a bench, seat, or stool. It is used to describe a piece of furniture designed for sitting, often without a backrest, and typically for one or more people. In the provided context, it refers to a sturdy seat with four legs.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΑΘΡΟΝ, ΕΔΡΑ
Etymology: This word is a compound word, likely derived from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and a root related to 'ψέλιον' (pselion), which could refer to a bracelet or armlet, but in this context, it seems to be a unique formation for a type of seating.
G2521
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-thee-MEH-neen
Translations: sitting, seated, dwelling, abiding, remaining, a sitting one, a seated one
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΗΝ, which is the feminine, singular, accusative form of the present participle of the verb ΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ (kathēmai), meaning 'to sit' or 'to be seated'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of sitting or is in a seated position. It can also imply dwelling, abiding, or remaining in a place. As an accusative form, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Feminine, Singular, Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΕΝΗΝ, ΟΙΚΟΥΣΑΝ
G2478
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: is-khoo-RAH
Translations: strong, mighty, powerful, a strong one, a mighty one
Notes: This word describes something or someone as being strong, mighty, or powerful. It can refer to physical strength, but also to authority, influence, or effectiveness. It is often used to describe God or His works as powerful.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΣ
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G2379
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THEH-seess
Translations: position, a position, placement, a placement, arrangement, an arrangement, setting, a setting, foundation, a foundation, establishment, an establishment, (of) position, (of) placement, (of) arrangement, (of) setting, (of) foundation, (of) establishment
Notes: This word refers to a 'placing' or 'setting' of something, indicating its position, arrangement, or establishment. It can be used to describe the physical location or arrangement of objects, the establishment of laws or customs, or even the position of celestial bodies. In the provided examples, it refers to the 'positions' of stars.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΙΣ, ΙΔΡΥΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to put, place, set'. It refers to the act or result of placing something.
G5064
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: TES-sah-res
Translations: four
Notes: This word means 'four' and is used to denote the quantity of four items or people. It functions as an adjective, agreeing in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. This specific form is used for masculine and feminine nouns in the nominative or accusative case.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar words for 'four' in other Indo-European languages.
G4228
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PO-das
Translations: feet
Notes: This word is the accusative plural form of the noun 'ΠΟΥΣ' (pous), meaning 'foot'. It refers to the lower extremities of the body, used for walking or standing. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΕΙΣ, ΒΗΜΑΤΑ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-khee
Translations: he has, she has, it has, he holds, she holds, it holds, he possesses, she possesses, it possesses, he is, she is, it is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present active indicative form of the verb ἔχω (echō). It means 'he/she/it has,' 'holds,' or 'possesses.' It can also be used in a broader sense to mean 'is' or 'is in a certain state,' depending on the context. For example, it can describe a condition or a relationship.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΩ, ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΕΙΜΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very common and ancient verb in Greek, with cognates in many other Indo-European languages.
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soom-PSEH-lee-on
Translations: bench, a bench, seat, a seat
Notes: This word refers to a bench or a seat, typically a long seat for multiple people. It is used to describe a piece of furniture that one can sit upon. In the provided context, it appears to be a physical object that someone is led to and sits on.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΑΘΡΟΝ, ΕΔΡΑ
Etymology: This word is a compound word, formed from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (SYN-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and ΨΕΛΙΟΝ (PSELION), which refers to a bracelet or armlet, but in this context, likely relates to a 'band' or 'strip' of material, perhaps referring to the long, flat surface of a bench. The exact etymological development leading to 'bench' is not clearly documented, but it likely evolved from a sense of something 'joined together' or a 'long strip'.
G2479
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: is-khoo-ROHS
Translations: strongly, mightily, powerfully, vehemently, exceedingly, greatly
Notes: This word is an adverb derived from the adjective 'ischyros' (strong, mighty). It describes an action performed with great strength, power, or intensity. It can be used to emphasize the degree or force of an action, indicating that something is done in a very strong or powerful manner.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΛΙΑΝ, ΠΟΛΥ
G2476
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ESS-tay-ken
Translations: stands, has stood, is standing, has been appointed, has been established
Notes: This is the third person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'. The perfect tense in Koine Greek often describes a state resulting from a past action, so 'has stood' or 'is standing' are common translations. It can also mean 'to be appointed' or 'to be established'. It is used to describe something that is in a fixed or stable position, or a state that has been brought about and continues.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΙΜΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2889
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOS-mos
Translations: world, a world, universe, order, adornment, decoration, ornament
Notes: This word refers to the world or the universe, often implying an ordered system. It can also refer to adornment or decoration, such as jewelry or clothing, highlighting the idea of something well-arranged or beautiful. In a broader sense, it can denote humanity or the inhabitants of the earth.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ, ΑΙΩΝ, ΓΗ
Etymology: From the verb κοσμέω (kosmeō), meaning 'to arrange, to put in order, to adorn'. The noun form thus carries the sense of something ordered, arranged, or beautiful.
G5064
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: TESS-sah-rohn
Translations: of four
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the numeral 'four'. It is used to indicate a quantity of four, specifically when the context requires the genitive case, often signifying possession, origin, or a part of a whole.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Etymology: The word 'ΤΕΣΣΑΡΕΣ' (tessares) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'four'. It is a basic numeral found across many Indo-European languages.
G4748
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: stoy-KHEE-oh
Translations: to walk, to follow, to conform, to live, to proceed, to march in line
Notes: This verb means to walk in line, to proceed in order, or to conform to a rule or standard. It implies a disciplined and orderly progression, often used metaphorically to describe living in accordance with certain principles or teachings. It can be used to describe following a path or adhering to a set of beliefs.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ, ΟΔΕΥΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From the Greek word 'στοῖχος' (stoichos), meaning 'a row, rank, or line'. The verb thus conveys the idea of being in a line or following a line.
G2903
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kra-TIS-tai
Translations: most excellent, most noble, most powerful, most mighty
Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'κράτος' (kratos), meaning 'strength' or 'power'. It describes someone or something as being the strongest, most powerful, or most excellent. It is used to denote the highest degree of quality or authority.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΟΣ, ΒΕΛΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΤΑΤΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or continuation. It often introduces a conclusion or a statement that follows from what has just been said. It can also be used to resume a narrative or to emphasize a point, sometimes translated as 'now' or 'indeed' in such contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u, a particle indicating 'away from'. In Greek, it developed into a particle of inference or transition.
G3340
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: meh-tah-noh-EE-sahn-tes
Translations: having repented, those who repented
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning it describes an action of repenting that has been completed. It refers to individuals who have undergone a change of mind, a turning away from sin, or a transformation of purpose. It is often used to describe people who have turned to God or changed their ways.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΑΙ
G3648
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ho-lo-te-LOS
Translations: completely, entirely, perfectly, wholly
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'completely' or 'entirely'. It emphasizes the totality or completeness of an action or state, indicating that something is done without reservation or in every respect. It is often used to stress the thoroughness of an action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΣ, ΤΕΛΕΙΩΣ, ΟΛΩΣ
G3501
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: NEH-oy
Translations: new, young, young men, young ones
Notes: This word describes something as new or young. As an adjective, it can modify a noun, meaning 'new' or 'young'. When used as a substantive (like a noun), it refers to 'young men' or 'young people'. It is often used to distinguish between different generations or stages of life.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine; or Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Neuter (as a substantive, referring to 'new things' or 'young things')
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΣ, ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-on-tai
Translations: they will be, they shall be
Notes: This word is a future tense form of the verb 'to be'. It indicates that something will exist or happen in the future, specifically referring to a plural subject. It functions similarly to 'they will be' or 'they shall be' in English.
Inflection: Future Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice, Third Person, Plural
G2311
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Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective
Sounds like: teh-theh-meh-lee-OH-meh-noy
Translations: founded, established, grounded, having been founded, having been established, having been grounded
Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'themelioō', meaning 'to lay a foundation' or 'to establish'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been founded or established. It implies a state of being firmly set or secured, often in a metaphorical sense, such as being grounded in faith or love.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΡΡΙΖΩΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΔΡΑΙΟΙ, ΒΕΒΑΙΟΙ
Etymology: The word 'themelioō' comes from 'themelios' (foundation), which itself is derived from 'thema' (that which is laid down). It refers to the act of laying a base or foundation.
G1537, G1803
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: eks
Translations: out of, from, by, of, six
Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ
Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.
G3650
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: OH-leess
Translations: of whole, of all, of entire
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'whole,' 'all,' or 'entire.' It describes something as complete or undivided. In the provided examples, it is used in phrases like 'from all your heart,' indicating a complete and undivided commitment or feeling.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-as
Translations: of heart, of a heart, of mind, of soul, of inner self, of conscience, of courage, of will
Notes: This word refers to the physical heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used to denote the inner person, the seat of spiritual and moral life. For example, it can refer to the core of one's beliefs or the source of one's intentions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ
G0568
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-PEH-kheis
Translations: you have received, you have, you are distant, you are far off, you are content, you are satisfied
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to have received in full,' 'to be distant,' or 'to be content.' It is often used to indicate that someone has received their reward or payment in full, implying that no further recompense is due. It can also describe a physical or temporal distance. In some contexts, it conveys the idea of being satisfied or content with what one has.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΑΠΕΧΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and ἔχω (echō, 'to have, to hold'). The combination implies 'to have away from' or 'to have in full, completely.'
G3648
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: oh-loh-TEH-lee
Translations: complete, perfect, entire, a complete, a perfect, an entire
Notes: This word describes something as being whole, complete, or perfect in every part. It implies a state of being finished or fully developed, lacking nothing. It is often used to emphasize the thoroughness or totality of something.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΕΛΗΣ, ΤΕΛΕΙΟΣ, ΟΛΟΣ
G601
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-ka-LYP-sen
Translations: he revealed, he disclosed, he uncovered, he unveiled
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'apokalypto'. It describes an action of revealing, disclosing, uncovering, or unveiling something that was previously hidden or unknown. It signifies a complete and decisive act of making manifest. It is often used in a spiritual or prophetic context to refer to divine revelation.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ
G601
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-poh-ka-LYP-sin
Translations: to reveal, to uncover, to disclose, to make known
Notes: This word means to reveal or uncover something that was previously hidden or unknown. It is often used in a spiritual or prophetic context to describe the disclosure of divine truths or future events. The form 'ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΕΙΝ' is the aorist active infinitive of the verb, indicating the act of revealing.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ
Etymology: From 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and 'καλύπτω' (kalypto), meaning 'to cover' or 'to conceal'. Thus, it literally means 'to uncover' or 'to take away the covering'.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: MEH-kahee-TEH
Translations: not and, lest and, neither and, nor and
Notes: This word appears to be a compound of three separate Koine Greek particles/conjunctions: ΜΗ (mē), ΚΑΙ (kai), and ΤΗ (tē). It is highly unlikely to be a single, standalone word in Koine Greek. It is most probable that this is a transcription error, a misreading, or a very unusual and specific elision/combination of these common words. If it were to be interpreted literally as a compound, it would mean something like 'not and' or 'lest and'. However, it's more likely that these are three distinct words that have been run together in the manuscript, or that 'ΤΗ' is an article or pronoun following 'ΜΗ ΚΑΙ'. Given the context of ancient manuscripts lacking diacritics and spaces, such a combination is plausible as a transcription artifact.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a compound of particles/conjunctions). If 'ΤΗ' is an article, it would be Singular, Dative, Feminine.
G3371
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MAY-keh-tee
Translations: no longer, no more, not yet, not still
Notes: This word is a compound adverb formed from the negative particle "μη" (not) and the adverb "ἔτι" (yet, still). It means "no longer" or "no more," indicating the cessation of an action or state. It is used to express that something that was happening or was true is now no longer the case.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΚΕΤΙ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative particle ΜΗ (not) and the adverb ΕΤΙ (yet, still).
G3367
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: MAY-den
Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one
Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ
Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: eh-TEE-sees
Translations: unknown
Notes: It's not clear what this word means. It could be garbled or badly misspelled. Based on the provided context, it is possible that 'ΕΤΗΣΕΙΣ' is a misspelling or a variant of 'ΜΕΛΕΤΗΣΕΙΣ' (meleteseis), which means 'you shall meditate' or 'you shall practice'. Another possibility is that it is related to 'ἔτος' (etos), meaning 'year', but the form 'ΕΤΗΣΕΙΣ' does not fit a standard inflection of 'ἔτος' in Koine Greek. Given the context of the provided examples, 'ΜΕΛΕΤΗΣΕΙΣ' seems a more plausible intended word.
Inflection: Unknown, possibly a verb form or a misspelling.
G0154
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ai-TEE-sace
Translations: you will ask, you will demand, you will request, you may ask, you may demand, you may request
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'aiteō', meaning 'to ask' or 'to demand'. It can be used in various contexts, such as asking for something from someone, demanding a right, or requesting a favor. Depending on the context, it can convey a simple request or a more forceful demand. It is a common verb used to describe the act of seeking something.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative OR Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ
G1437, G1439
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Part of Speech: Interjection, Verb
Sounds like: EH-ah
Translations: Ah!, Ha!, Let it be!, let, allow, permit, suffer, give leave
Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As an interjection (ἔα), it expresses surprise, indignation, or a command to stop, similar to 'Ah!' or 'Ha!' in English. As a verb (ἐάω), it means 'to allow,' 'to permit,' 'to let,' or 'to suffer' something to happen. It is often used to indicate giving permission or not hindering an action.
Inflection: Interjection: Does not inflect. Verb: Present Active Imperative, 2nd Person Singular (from ἐάω).
Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΣΥΓΧΩΡΕΩ
Etymology: The interjection ἔα is an onomatopoeic exclamation. The verb ἐάω comes from an unknown origin, possibly related to the root *h₂ew- 'to help, benefit'.
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G1189, G1162
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Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
Sounds like: deh
Translations: to beg, to pray, to entreat, to ask, a prayer, an entreaty, a petition
Notes: This word is a stem that appears in various forms of the verb 'to beg' or 'to pray' (ΔΕΟΜΑΙ) and the noun 'prayer' or 'petition' (ΔΕΗΣΙΣ). As a verb, it describes the act of making a request or supplication, often to a higher power or authority. As a noun, it refers to the act of prayer or the specific request itself. It is commonly used in contexts of earnest appeal or humble petition.
Inflection: This is a stem that forms parts of various inflections. For the verb ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, it can be found in forms like the aorist passive (e.g., ἐδεήθην, δεηθῆναι, δεηθείς). For the noun ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, it is the root of the word, which inflects for case and number (e.g., nominative singular δεήσις, genitive singular δεήσεως).
Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΗ, ΙΚΕΤΕΙΑ
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix
Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)
Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-
Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).
Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.
Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.
G3003
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LEH-gai
Translations: Legion, a legion
Notes: This word is a variant spelling of 'ΛΕΓΙΩΝ' (legion), which refers to a large unit of soldiers in the Roman army, typically comprising several thousand men. In the New Testament, it is notably used metaphorically to describe a large number of demons, as seen in the provided context where a demon-possessed man identifies himself as 'Legion' because 'many' demons have entered him.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΣΤΡΑΤΙΑ
G0601
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-ka-lyf-THEE-seh-tai
Translations: will be revealed, will be uncovered, will be disclosed
Notes: This word is the future passive indicative, third person singular form of the verb APOKALYPTO. It means 'to be revealed', 'to be uncovered', or 'to be disclosed'. It is a compound word formed from APO (away from) and KALYPTO (to cover), literally meaning 'to uncover' or 'to take the lid off'. In its passive form, it describes something that will be made known or brought to light.
Inflection: Future, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΩΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ, ΔΗΛΩΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SOY
Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you
Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.
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