Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Codex Sinaiticus / Shepherd of Hermas / Chapter 18Shepherd of Hermas, Chapter 18
Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)
G3753
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OH-teh
Translations: when, whenever, at which time
Notes: This word functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, indicating a point or period in time. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies when an action occurs or occurred, similar to 'when' or 'whenever' in English. It can refer to a specific past event or a general, recurring condition.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΗΝΙΚΑ, ΟΠΟΤΕ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the particle 'te' (then, at that time). It originally meant 'at that time when'.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or continuation. It often introduces a conclusion or a statement that follows from what has just been said. It can also be used to resume a narrative or to emphasize a point, sometimes translated as 'now' or 'indeed' in such contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u, a particle indicating 'away from'. In Greek, it developed into a particle of inference or transition.
G3973
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-PAW-sah-toh
Translations: he ceased, he stopped, he rested, he paused
Notes: This word is the aorist middle indicative third person singular form of the verb 'παύω' (pauō), meaning 'to cease' or 'to stop'. In the middle voice, it often implies that the subject ceases or stops themselves, or rests. It describes an action that was completed in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative Mood, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΩ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΩ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to
Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOO
Translations: (of) me, my, mine
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the first-person pronoun, meaning 'I'. It indicates possession or origin, similar to 'of me' or 'my' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the speaker or comes from the speaker.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, First Person
G2980
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: lah-LOO-sah
Translations: speaking, talking, saying, proclaiming
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'λαλέω', meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'. It describes an action that is ongoing or continuous. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate someone or something that is in the act of speaking. It can be used to describe a person who is speaking, or even a city or object that is metaphorically 'speaking' or 'proclaiming'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΟΥΣΑ, ΦΩΝΟΥΣΑ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: meth
Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with
Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EEL-thon
Translations: I came, I went, they came, they went
Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. The aorist tense describes an action that occurred at a specific point in the past, without emphasizing its duration or completion. It can be translated as 'I came/went' (first person singular) or 'they came/went' (third person plural), depending on the context.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ
Etymology: The word ἔρχομαι (erchomai) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to move' or 'to go'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G1537, G1803
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: eks
Translations: out of, from, by, of, six
Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ
Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.
G3495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: neh-ah-NIS-koy
Translations: young men, youths
Notes: This word refers to young men or youths, typically those who are in the prime of their youth, often implying a sense of strength or vigor. It is used to describe a group of young males.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΝΕΟΙ, ΕΦΗΒΟΙ
G3618
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oy-ko-do-MOON-tes
Translations: building, constructing, edifying, establishing
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'οἰκοδομέω' (oikodomeō), meaning 'to build a house' or 'to construct'. In a broader sense, it can also mean 'to edify' or 'to build up' spiritually, referring to the strengthening or improvement of character or faith. It describes an ongoing action of building or edifying.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΤΙΖΟΝΤΕΣ, ΑΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΟΥΝΤΕΣ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G0667
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-pee-NENG-kahn
Translations: they carried away, they brought away, they led away
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'apopherō', meaning 'to carry away' or 'to bring away'. It describes an action that was completed in the past by a group of people, indicating that they removed something or someone from a place.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΠΟΦΟΡΤΙΖΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEN
Translations: her, it, herself, itself
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΑΥΤΗΝ (autēn), which is the accusative singular feminine form of the pronoun ΑΥΤΟΣ (autos). It typically means 'her' or 'it' when referring to a feminine noun. It can also be used reflexively to mean 'herself' or 'itself'. In a sentence, it functions as the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G4444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PYR-gon
Translations: tower, a tower
Notes: This word refers to a tower, which is a tall, narrow building or structure. It can be used to describe a watchtower, a fortified structure, or any elevated building. In a sentence, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb, indicating something that is built, attacked, or observed.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ, ΤΕΙΧΟΣ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: AL-loy
Translations: others, some others, different ones, other things
Notes: This word refers to 'other' people or things, or 'different' ones. It is often used to distinguish one group from another, meaning 'some... others'. For example, 'some went this way, others went that way'. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun or as a pronoun standing in for a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine; Plural, Nominative, Feminine; Plural, Nominative, Neuter; Plural, Vocative, Masculine; Plural, Vocative, Feminine; Plural, Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΙ, ΛΟΙΠΟΙ
Etymology: The word ΑΛΛΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.
G5064
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: TES-sah-res
Translations: four
Notes: This word means 'four' and is used to denote the quantity of four items or people. It functions as an adjective, agreeing in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. This specific form is used for masculine and feminine nouns in the nominative or accusative case.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar words for 'four' in other Indo-European languages.
G0142
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-ran
Translations: they took, they lifted, they carried, they bore, they removed, they took away
Notes: This word is a verb in the past tense, indicating an action that was completed. It means 'they took' or 'they lifted' something, or 'they carried' or 'they bore' something. It can also mean 'they removed' or 'they took away'. It describes an action performed by a group of people in the past.
Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΦΕΡΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soom-PSEH-lee-on
Translations: bench, a bench, seat, a seat
Notes: This word refers to a bench or a seat, typically a long seat for multiple people. It is used to describe a piece of furniture that one can sit upon. In the provided context, it appears to be a physical object that someone is led to and sits on.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΑΘΡΟΝ, ΕΔΡΑ
Etymology: This word is a compound word, formed from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (SYN-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and ΨΕΛΙΟΝ (PSELION), which refers to a bracelet or armlet, but in this context, likely relates to a 'band' or 'strip' of material, perhaps referring to the long, flat surface of a bench. The exact etymological development leading to 'bench' is not clearly documented, but it likely evolved from a sense of something 'joined together' or a 'long strip'.
G0667
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-PEH-neg-kah
Translations: I carried away, I brought away, I took away
Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'apophero', meaning 'to carry away' or 'to take away'. It describes a completed action of moving something from one place to another, often implying removal or separation. It can be used in contexts where an object or person is transported or removed.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΓΩ, ΑΙΡΩ, ΦΕΡΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OW-toh
Translations: him, it, himself, itself, the same, this, that, of him, of it, to him, to it
Notes: ΑΥΤΟ is an inflected form of the third-person pronoun or demonstrative adjective ΑΥΤΟΣ. As a pronoun, it refers to 'him', 'her', or 'it', depending on gender and number. As an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or 'this/that very one'. It can also be used intensively to emphasize the subject, meaning 'himself' or 'itself'. Its meaning often depends on its position in the sentence relative to the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-tone
Translations: of these, of them
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of these' or 'of them', referring to things or people previously mentioned or understood from context. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΩΝ
G4383
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pros-OH-pon
Translations: face, a face, presence, person, appearance
Notes: This word refers to the face of a person or animal. It can also denote one's presence or appearance, or even a person themselves, especially in a formal or legal context. It is used to describe physical features as well as the impression or aspect someone presents.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, "to, towards") and ὤψ (ōps, "eye, face"). It literally means "that which is towards the eye" or "that which is before the eye."
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-DON
Translations: they saw, I saw, to see, having seen
Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It can function as a third-person plural indicative ('they saw'), a first-person singular indicative ('I saw'), or, less commonly, as an infinitive or participle depending on the context, conveying the action of seeing or perceiving something in a completed past action. It is often used to introduce a new observation or event.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural; or Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular; or Aorist, Active, Infinitive; or Aorist, Active, Participle (Neuter Singular Nominative/Accusative)
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ
Etymology: The word 'εἶδον' (eidon) serves as the aorist form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horaō), meaning 'to see'. It is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, which also means 'to see' or 'to know'.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G654
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Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective
Sounds like: ah-pes-trahm-MEN-oy
Translations: turned away, having turned away, averted, estranged, perverted
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'apostrepho', meaning to turn away, avert, or cause to return. In this particular form, it describes individuals who have been turned away or have themselves turned away from something, often implying a moral or spiritual deviation. It can function as a participle, describing a state or action, or as an adjective.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΛΙΝΩ, ΕΚΤΡΕΠΩ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AY-sahn
Translations: they were, they had been
Notes: ΗΣΑΝ is an inflected form of the verb 'ΕΙΜΙ' (eimi), meaning 'to be'. Specifically, it is the third person plural imperfect indicative form. It describes an ongoing or continuous state or action in the past, often translated as 'they were' or 'they used to be'. It is commonly used to describe the state or existence of multiple subjects in a past context.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative
Etymology: The Koine Greek verb ΕΙΜΙ (eimi) derives from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental and frequently used verbs in the language, indicating existence, state, or identity.
G5217
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: hoo-pa-GOO-san
Translations: going away, departing, leaving, a going away, a departing, a leaving
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'going away' or 'departing'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb, indicating someone or something that is in the process of leaving or going away. In this form, it is accusative, feminine, and singular, referring to a female person or thing that is being gone away from or is herself going away.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G2065
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-ROH-tohn
Translations: they were asking, they were questioning, they were inquiring, they were requesting
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to ask', 'to question', 'to inquire', or 'to request'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can be used to ask for information, to make a request, or to interrogate someone. In the provided context, it indicates that a group of people were in the process of asking or inquiring about something.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G0602
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-po-ka-LYP-sees
Translations: revelation, unveiling, disclosure, an uncovering
Notes: This word refers to an 'uncovering' or 'disclosure' of something previously hidden, secret, or unknown. It implies the removal of a veil or covering, making something manifest or clear. In a religious context, it often refers to divine revelation, where God reveals truths to humanity. It can be used to describe the act of revealing or the thing revealed itself.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΩΣΙΣ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΙΣ' is derived from the verb 'ἀποκαλύπτω' (apokalyptō), meaning 'to uncover' or 'to reveal'. It is formed from the prefix 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and 'καλύπτω' (kalyptō), meaning 'to cover' or 'to conceal'.
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G5140
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: tree-OHN
Translations: of three
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the numeral 'three'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or a partitive relationship, meaning 'belonging to three' or 'out of three'. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the third day of three' or 'from three months'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar words for 'three' in many other Indo-European languages.
G3444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mor-FOHN
Translations: of forms, of shapes, of appearances
Notes: This word refers to the outward appearance, form, or shape of something. It is used to describe the visible characteristics or structure of an object or person. In the provided examples, it refers to 'human-shaped' (ἀνθρωπομόρφων), 'many-shaped' (πολυμόρφων) animals, and 'three forms' (τριῶν μορφῶν) in which someone appeared.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΧΗΜΑ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΟΨΙΣ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EN
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.
G1510, G1519
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Part of Speech: Verb, Preposition
Sounds like: ES
Translations: is, are, into, to, for, toward, among, in, a
Notes: The word "ΕΣ" is a highly ambiguous form in Koine Greek, often representing either a contracted or archaic form of the verb "to be" (from ΕΙΜΙ) or a preposition meaning "into" (from ΕΙΣ). When it functions as a verb, it typically means "is" or "are," indicating existence or a state of being. When it functions as a preposition, it denotes movement or direction towards something, or a state of being within something. It can also indicate purpose or result. Its precise meaning depends heavily on the surrounding words and context.
Inflection: Third Person Singular Present Indicative (from ΕΙΜΙ), Preposition (from ΕΙΣ)
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣ
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: AISS
Translations: unknown
Notes: It's not clear what this word means. It could be garbled or badly misspelled. In Koine Greek, 'ΑΙΣ' does not appear as a standalone word with a clear meaning. It might be a fragment of a larger word, a typo, or an abbreviation. Without further context or correction, its meaning remains unknown.
Inflection: Unknown
G1718
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: en-eh-fa-NEES-thay
Translations: was manifested, appeared, was shown, was revealed
Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'emphanizō'. It means 'to be made visible', 'to appear', 'to be shown', or 'to be revealed'. It describes an action where something or someone becomes evident or is brought into public view, often implying a divine or significant appearance. It is used to describe something that was previously hidden or unseen becoming clear.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ
Etymology: The word 'emphanizō' is derived from the Greek preposition 'en' (in, among) and the verb 'phainō' (to shine, to appear). Thus, it literally means 'to shine in' or 'to appear in/among'.
G1718
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: en-eh-fah-NEE-sthee
Translations: was manifested, appeared, was shown, was revealed
Notes: This word describes an action where something or someone becomes visible or known, often in a sudden or striking manner. It implies a showing forth or a revelation, making something evident that was previously hidden or unseen. It is frequently used in contexts where a divine being or a significant truth is made known.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΕΜΦΑΝΙΖΩ (emphanizo) is derived from the Greek preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'among', and the verb φαίνω (phaino), meaning 'to shine' or 'to appear'. Thus, it literally means 'to shine forth in' or 'to appear within', conveying the idea of making something manifest or visible.
G0611
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-KREE-thee-sah
Translations: having answered, she answered, she replied
Notes: This word is the feminine singular nominative aorist active participle of the verb 'ΑΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΑΙ' (apokrinomai), meaning 'to answer' or 'to reply'. As a participle, it describes an action that occurred prior to the main verb of the sentence, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially. In this form, it specifically refers to a female subject who has completed the action of answering or replying.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Aorist Active Participle
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΟΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΟΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-ghei
Translations: says, speaks, he says, he speaks, she says, she speaks, it says, it speaks
Notes: This is a common Koine Greek verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is frequently used to introduce direct quotes or to state what someone (or something) is declaring. It is often translated as 'he says' or 'the Lord says' in biblical contexts.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: EH-teh-ron
Translations: another, other, different, a different thing, an other thing
Notes: This word means 'another' or 'other', emphasizing a difference in kind or quality from something else. It is used to refer to something distinct or different from what has been previously mentioned or implied. For example, it might be used to say 'another person' or 'a different kind of thing'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΕΤΕΡΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'one of two' or 'the other'. It is related to the English word 'other'.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: DEE
Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14
Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ
Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: SAI
Translations: unknown
Notes: The word "ΣΑΙ" is not a standalone word in Koine Greek. It is a common verbal ending, primarily found in the 2nd person singular of various tenses and moods, particularly in the middle or passive voice. For example, in the provided text, "ΛΕΛΥΠΗΣΑΙ" is the 2nd person singular perfect indicative middle/passive of the verb "λυπέω" (to grieve), meaning "you have been grieved" or "you are grieved." As a standalone word, "ΣΑΙ" is unknown and likely a fragment or a misspelling.
Inflection: Not applicable (it is a verbal ending, not a standalone word)
G1905
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-er-oh-TEE-sai
Translations: to ask, to question, to inquire, to demand, to consult
Notes: This word means to ask a question, to inquire, or to demand information. It implies a direct and often formal request for information or clarification. It can also be used in the sense of consulting someone for advice or guidance.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SOY
Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you
Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.
G0601
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-ka-LYF-thee
Translations: to be revealed, to be disclosed, to be uncovered
Notes: This word is a verb in the passive voice, meaning 'to be revealed' or 'to be disclosed'. It describes an action where something previously hidden or unknown is brought into the open or made known to others. It is often used in contexts where divine truths or future events are made manifest.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΔΗΛΟΩ
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: OHF-thay
Translations: was seen, appeared, was made visible
Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist, passive, indicative form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horao), meaning 'to see'. Therefore, 'ὤφθη' translates to 'he/she/it was seen' or 'he/she/it appeared'. It describes an action that occurred in the past and was completed, where the subject was the recipient of the action of being seen or becoming visible.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ
Etymology: The root 'ὁράω' (horao) comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see' or 'to look'. It is related to other Greek words concerning sight and appearance.
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FEE
Translations: sister, a sister
Notes: This word refers to a female sibling, a woman born of the same parents as another person. It can also be used more broadly to refer to a close female associate, a fellow Christian woman, or a female member of a community. It is used in sentences to denote a female relationship.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Vocative, or Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix 'ἀ-' (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and 'δελφύς' (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FOY
Translations: brothers, fellow believers, countrymen, kinsmen
Notes: This word refers to brothers, either by blood or in a broader sense, such as fellow countrymen, kinsmen, or members of the same community or faith. It is a compound word formed from 'α-' (a-, meaning 'together' or 'same') and 'δελφύς' (delphys, meaning 'womb'), literally meaning 'from the same womb'. It is commonly used to address a group of male individuals who share a close bond or common origin.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΙ, ΣΥΓΓΕΝΕΙΣ, ΟΜΟΦΥΛΟΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-tay
Translations: first, a first, foremost, chief, principal, earliest
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'first' or 'foremost'. It is used to describe something that comes before all others in order, time, or importance. For example, it can refer to the first day, the first person, or the most important thing. It can also be used to indicate a position of leadership or preeminence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ, ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ
G3705
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: o-RA-see
Translations: vision, a vision, sight, appearance, a sight, a spectacle
Notes: This word refers to the act of seeing or the faculty of sight. It can also denote something that is seen, such as a vision, an appearance, or a spectacle. In a broader sense, it can refer to a divine revelation or a supernatural manifestation.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΘΕΑ, ΕΙΔΟΣ
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: per-SY-nee
Translations: unknown
Notes: This word, "ΠΕΡΣΥΝΗ", does not appear to be a recognized word in Koine Greek lexicons or ancient texts. It is highly likely a misspelling, a garbled word, or a very rare or specialized term not commonly documented. Without further context or correction, its meaning remains unknown.
Inflection: Unknown
G3029
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: LEE-ahn
Translations: very, exceedingly, greatly, much, extremely
Notes: This word is an adverb that means 'very' or 'exceedingly'. It is used to intensify the meaning of an adjective, another adverb, or a verb, indicating a high degree or extent of something. For example, it can be used to say 'very good' or 'greatly rejoice'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΠΟΛΥ, ΜΑΛΑ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'smoothness' or 'plainness', which then developed into the meaning of 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
G4245
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-rah
Translations: elder woman, a elder woman, older, elder, senior, presbyteress
Notes: This word can function as a noun, referring to an older woman or a female elder/presbyteress. It can also be used as an adjective, meaning 'older' or 'elder', often in comparison to someone younger. In a religious context, it can specifically refer to a female leader or official in a church.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΥΣΙΑ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΙΣ
G2515
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-THEH-drah
Translations: seat, chair, throne, a seat, a chair, a throne
Notes: This word refers to a seat, a chair, or a throne. It is often used to denote a place of authority or teaching, such as a teacher's chair or a judge's bench. It can also refer to a literal seat or a place where someone sits.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΡΟΝΟΣ, ΕΔΡΑ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΕΔΡΑ (kathedra) is a compound word derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἕδρα (hedra), meaning 'seat' or 'sitting'. It literally means 'a sitting down' or 'a place for sitting'.
G2521
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: kah-THEE-meh-nee
Translations: sitting, seated, who sits, who is sitting, a sitting one
Notes: This word is a present participle, meaning 'sitting' or 'seated'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of sitting or is in a seated position. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to provide more information about the action or state.
Inflection: Present, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΑΙ, ΕΔΡΑΖΩ
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: EH-teh-rah
Translations: other, another, a different, a different one
Notes: This word means 'other' or 'another', emphasizing a qualitative difference, meaning 'different in kind'. It is used to distinguish one thing from another that is distinct or dissimilar. For example, 'another kind of person' or 'a different way'.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-tero- (other of two), from *sem- (one, together).
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G3700
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OP-sin
Translations: sight, appearance, face, a sight, an appearance
Notes: This word refers to the act of seeing, the faculty of sight, or the visible appearance of something. It can also denote the face or countenance of a person. It is often used to describe what is perceived visually or how something looks.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΘΕΑ
Etymology: The word ΟΨΙΣ is derived from the Greek verb ΟΡΑΩ (HORAO), meaning 'to see'. It refers to the act or result of seeing.
G3501
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: neh-oh-TEH-ran
Translations: younger, a younger, younger woman, a younger woman
Notes: This word is a comparative adjective meaning 'younger'. It is used to describe someone or something that is younger than another. In the provided context, it refers to a younger woman or daughter. It is often used in contrast with 'older' or 'elder'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Comparative
Synonyms: ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ, ΝΕΟΣ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-khen
Translations: he had, she had, it had, he was having, she was having, it was having, he held, she held, it held, he possessed, she possessed, it possessed, he contained, she contained, it contained
Notes: This is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have', 'to hold', or 'to possess'. In Koine Greek, the imperfect tense describes continuous or repeated action in the past, or an action that was in progress. Therefore, 'εἶχεν' can be translated as 'he/she/it had' (implying a state of possession in the past), 'he/she/it was having', 'he/she/it held', or 'he/she/it was holding'. It can also mean 'to contain' or 'to hold within'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΧΟΜΑΙ
G4561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SAR-kah
Translations: flesh, a flesh, body, a body, humanity
Notes: This word refers to the physical body of a living being, including humans and animals. It can also denote human nature, often with an emphasis on its weakness or mortality, or humanity in general. In some contexts, it can refer to the whole person or to earthly existence.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΩΜΑ, ΧΡΩΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G2359
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TREE-khas
Translations: hairs, a hair
Notes: This word refers to hair, typically human or animal hair. It is the plural accusative form of the noun θρίξ (thrix), meaning 'hair'. It is used to denote multiple strands of hair or a collective mass of hair, often as an object of an action.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
Etymology: The word θρίξ (thrix) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for hair or bristles in other Indo-European languages.
G4245
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-ras
Translations: older, elder, an elder, of an elder, of an older woman
Notes: This word describes someone who is older in age or more advanced in position. It can be used as an adjective meaning 'older' or 'elder', or as a noun referring to an 'elder' or 'older person', particularly an 'older woman' in the feminine form. In the New Testament, it often refers to church leaders or members of a council.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΩΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙΟΣ
G2476
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: es-TAY-koo-ree-ah
Translations: having stood, standing, having been set, having been appointed, having been established, having been fixed
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, feminine, singular, which can function as a noun or adjective, or as part of a periphrastic verb construction. It describes a state of having stood, been set, or established, emphasizing the completed action and its resulting state. It can be used to describe someone or something that has taken a stand, been appointed, or is firmly in place.
Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Feminine, Singular (Nominative, Vocative, Accusative) or Plural (Nominative, Vocative, Accusative)
Synonyms: ΕΛΘΟΥΣΑ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΗ, ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑ
G2476
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: es-TAY-koo-ee-ah
Translations: standing, having stood, being established, being set, a standing (woman/thing)
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing a state of having stood or being established. It indicates a completed action with ongoing results, often translated as 'having stood' or 'being in a standing position'. It can describe a person or thing that is firm, fixed, or established.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΘΕΣΤΗΚΥΙΑ
G2980
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-LAH-lei
Translations: he was speaking, he was talking, he spoke, he talked, he said, he declared
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'laleō', meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action of speaking in the past. It can refer to general conversation, formal discourse, or even the act of uttering sounds. It is often used to describe someone communicating a message or expressing thoughts.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ, ΕΙΡΕΩ
G2431
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hee-lah-ROH-teh-rah
Translations: more cheerful, more joyful, more glad, more merry, more propitious
Notes: This word is a comparative adjective, meaning 'more cheerful' or 'more joyful'. It describes something or someone as having a greater degree of cheerfulness, joy, or gladness compared to something else. It can also refer to something being more propitious or favorable.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine, Comparative Degree
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΟΝΕΣΤΕΡΑ, ΧΑΡΜΟΝΕΣΤΕΡΑ
Etymology: The word ἱλαρός (hilaros) comes from ἵλαος (hilaos), meaning 'gracious, propitious, kind'. It is related to the concept of being favorably disposed or cheerful.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ANE
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was, I was
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to describe a state of being or existence in the past, often indicating a continuous or repeated action or condition. For example, it can mean 'he was' or 'it was'.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, 1st or 3rd person singular
G5154
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Numeral
Sounds like: TREE-tay
Translations: third, a third, the third
Notes: This word is an ordinal number meaning 'third'. It is used to indicate position in a sequence, such as 'the third day' or 'the third person'. It functions as an adjective, modifying a noun, and agrees with it in gender, number, and case.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: The word ΤΡΙΤΟΣ (tritos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *trei- meaning 'three'.
G3650
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: HO-lay
Translations: whole, all, entire, a whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'whole,' 'all,' or 'entire.' It describes something as complete or undivided. It is used to indicate that something is taken in its entirety, without any part missing.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΠΑΝ, ΑΠΑΣ
Etymology: The word ὅλος (holos) comes from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- meaning 'whole, complete.'
G3501
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: neh-oh-TEH-rah
Translations: younger, a younger, newer, a newer
Notes: This word is the feminine singular nominative or vocative, or feminine plural nominative or accusative, or neuter plural nominative or accusative form of the comparative adjective 'neos', meaning 'younger' or 'newer'. It is used to describe something or someone that is more recent or of a younger age compared to something else. For example, it can refer to a younger sister or a newer thing.
Inflection: Comparative, Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Vocative; or Feminine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative; or Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΜΙΚΡΟΤΕΡΑ, ΟΛΙΓΩΤΕΡΑ
Etymology: The word ΝΕΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'new'.
G2570
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: KAL-lee
Translations: more beautiful, more excellent, better, more noble, fairer
Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'ΚΑΛΟΣ' (kalos), meaning 'beautiful' or 'good'. It indicates a higher degree of beauty, excellence, or goodness. It is often used to compare two things, suggesting one is 'better' or 'more beautiful' than the other.
Inflection: Comparative, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΜΕΙΝΩΝ, ΚΡΕΙΤΤΩΝ, ΒΕΛΤΙΩΝ
G1633
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ek-pre-pes-TAH-tee
Translations: most excellent, most distinguished, most eminent, most conspicuous, most preeminent, most becoming
Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'ekprepes', meaning 'excellent' or 'distinguished'. As a superlative, it indicates the highest degree of the quality, signifying something that is 'most excellent' or 'most preeminent'. It describes something that stands out remarkably or is highly conspicuous due to its outstanding quality or appearance. It can be used to describe people, things, or actions that are exceptionally good or fitting.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Superlative
Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΟΣ, ΕΞΟΧΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΕΚΠΡΕΠΗΣ (ekprepes) is a compound word derived from the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ΠΡΕΠΩ (prepo), meaning 'to be fitting' or 'to be conspicuous'. Thus, it literally means 'standing out as fitting' or 'conspicuous'.
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MOH-nas
Translations: unity, a unit, a monad, solitude, alone
Notes: This word refers to a single unit, a solitary entity, or the state of being alone or in solitude. It can be used to describe something that is unique or singular in nature. In philosophical contexts, it often refers to a fundamental, indivisible unit.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΝ, ΕΙΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word 'μόνος' (monos), meaning 'alone' or 'only'. It refers to the concept of oneness or singularity.
G2431
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hee-LAH-rah
Translations: cheerful, joyful, glad, merry, a cheerful one
Notes: This word describes something or someone as cheerful, joyful, or glad. It is used to express a state of happiness or a disposition that is bright and pleasant. It can modify nouns to indicate that they possess this quality, such as 'cheerful giving' or 'joyful songs'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΩΝ, ΧΑΡΜΟΣΥΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἱλαρός (hilaros) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *selh₂- meaning 'to be gracious, to be kind'. It is related to words signifying propitiation or appeasement.
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G5056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TEH-los
Translations: end, a goal, a purpose, an outcome, a completion, a tax, a custom, a duty
Notes: This word refers to an end, a goal, a purpose, or the completion of something. It can also refer to a tax or custom duty. It is often used to denote the conclusion of an event or process, or the ultimate aim or objective. In some contexts, it refers to the payment of tribute or taxes.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ
Etymology: The word ΤΕΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn, to accomplish, to fulfill'. It is related to words signifying completion, fulfillment, and the end of a process.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EP-ee
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a
Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'
Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soom-pse-LEE-oo
Translations: of a bench, of a seat, of a stool
Notes: This word refers to a bench, seat, or stool. It is used to describe a piece of furniture designed for sitting, often without a backrest, and typically for one or more people. In the provided context, it refers to a sturdy seat with four legs.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΑΘΡΟΝ, ΕΔΡΑ
Etymology: This word is a compound word, likely derived from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and a root related to 'ψέλιον' (pselion), which could refer to a bracelet or armlet, but in this context, it seems to be a unique formation for a type of seating.
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: peh-ree-LOO-pohs
Translations: unknown
Notes: This word, "ΠΕΡΙΛΟΥΠΟΣ", does not appear to be a recognized word in Koine Greek or classical Greek lexicons. It is highly probable that this is a misspelling, a garbled word, or a very rare or specialized term not commonly documented. It could potentially be a compound word if it were correctly spelled, but as it stands, its meaning and usage are unknown.
Inflection: Unknown
G4036
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: peh-REE-loo-poss
Translations: very sorrowful, exceedingly sorrowful, deeply grieved, sad
Notes: This word is a compound adjective formed from 'περί' (peri), meaning 'around' or 'exceedingly', and 'λύπη' (lype), meaning 'grief' or 'sorrow'. It describes a state of intense or profound sadness, indicating someone who is overwhelmed by grief or sorrow. It is used to emphasize a deep emotional state.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΛΥΠΗΡΟΣ, ΣΚΥΘΡΩΠΟΣ, ΣΤΥΓΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΠΕΡΙΛΥΠΟΣ is a compound of the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around, about, exceedingly', and the noun λύπη (lype), meaning 'grief, sorrow'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-meen
Translations: I was, I have been
Notes: This word is the first person singular imperfect indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It describes a continuous or repeated action in the past, or a state of being that existed over a period of time in the past. It can be used to say 'I was' or 'I used to be'.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: GNO-neh
Translations: to know, to understand, to perceive, to learn, to come to know
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to understand'. In the provided context, 'ΓΝΩΝΕ' appears to be a misspelling or an alternative spelling of 'γνῶναι' (gnōnai), which is the aorist active infinitive form of 'γινώσκω'. It describes the act of coming to know or understanding something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive (likely a misspelling of 'γνῶναι')
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: gno-NAI
Translations: to know, to understand, to perceive, to learn, to recognize
Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō), meaning 'to know'. It expresses the action of knowing or coming to know in a general sense, without specifying the time of the action. It is often used as the object of another verb or as a complement to an adjective, indicating purpose or result, such as 'to be able to know' or 'for the purpose of knowing'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Article
Sounds like: TAYN
Translations: the
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΤΗΝ (TĒN), which is the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As an article, it always precedes the noun it modifies and agrees with it in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used with feminine singular nouns in the accusative case.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from a demonstrative pronoun in Proto-Indo-European. It evolved to function as a definite article, specifying nouns.
G0602
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-po-KA-loop-sin
Translations: revelation, an unveiling, an apocalypse, a revelation
Notes: This word refers to an 'uncovering' or 'disclosure' of something previously hidden or unknown. It signifies the act of revealing or making manifest, often used in a spiritual or prophetic context to describe divine communication or insight.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΩΣΙΣ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOW-teen
Translations: this, that, this one, that one
Notes: ΤΑΥΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥ͂ΤΟΣ. It is used to point out something specific, often something near the speaker or something that has just been mentioned. It functions like 'this' or 'that' in English, and as an accusative, it typically serves as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G0991
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: BLEH-poh
Translations: see, look, perceive, behold, beware, consider, discern, take heed
Notes: This verb means to see, look, or perceive, often with an emphasis on the act of looking or the mental perception of something. It can be used to describe physical sight, but also to understand, discern, or pay attention to something. It is frequently used in the imperative to mean 'beware' or 'take heed'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular. As a verb, it inflects for person, number, tense, mood, and voice.
Synonyms: ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΩ
Etymology: From an unstated root, possibly related to the idea of 'to look' or 'to see'. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of usage.
G4245
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-ran
Translations: older, elder, a more aged woman, the elder woman
Notes: This word is the feminine accusative singular form of the comparative adjective 'presbyteros'. It refers to someone who is older in age or rank. In the New Testament, it can refer to an 'elder' in the church, but in its feminine form, it often refers to an 'older woman' or 'elder woman'. It is used to describe someone who is more advanced in years compared to another.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΝΤΕΡΑΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙΟΤΕΡΑΝ
G3705
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: o-RAH-mah-tee
Translations: in a vision, in vision, by a vision
Notes: This word refers to a vision, a supernatural appearance, or a divine revelation. It is often used in contexts where someone receives a message or insight through a dream or a trance-like state. In the provided examples, it indicates the means by which Daniel received the mystery of the king and observed the fourth beast.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΠΤΑΣΙΑ, ΟΨΙΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G3571
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOOK-tos
Translations: of night, of a night, night's
Notes: This word refers to the period of darkness between sunset and sunrise. As a genitive case, it indicates possession, origin, or time, often translated as 'of night' or 'by night'. It is used to specify when an event occurs or to describe something belonging to the night.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΚΟΤΟΣ, ΖΟΦΟΣ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: leh-GOO-sahn
Translations: saying, speaking, telling, calling, meaning
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing a noun that is performing the action of saying or speaking. It is used to indicate an ongoing action of speaking or stating something, often translated as 'saying' or 'who says'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΣΑΝ, ΦΩΝΟΥΣΑΝ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-goh
Translations: I say, I speak, I tell, I mean, I call, I command
Notes: This word is a fundamental verb in Koine Greek, meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to express direct speech, to convey information, or to issue commands. It can also mean 'to call' or 'to name' in certain contexts. The form 'ΛΕΓΟ' is the first-person singular present active indicative, meaning 'I say' or 'I am saying'.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
Etymology: The word 'λέγω' (legō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out, count, or say'. Its meaning evolved in Greek to primarily signify 'to speak' or 'to say', stemming from the idea of 'picking out words'.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Suffix, Particle
Sounds like: sahn
Translations: they, them
Notes: ΣΑΝ is not a standalone word but a common ending for the aorist active indicative third person plural in Koine Greek verbs. It indicates that the action was performed by 'they' or 'them' in the past. For example, in the provided text, 'ἘΦΟΒΗΘΗΣΑΝ' (ephobēthēsan) means 'they feared', where '-ΣΑΝ' signifies the 'they' aspect.
Inflection: Aorist Active Indicative, Third Person Plural (verbal suffix)
Etymology: This ending is a grammatical suffix derived from Proto-Indo-European, reflecting the historical development of verb conjugations in ancient Greek.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PA-san
Translations: all, every, whole, an entire
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or completeness of something. For example, it can be used to say 'all people' or 'every house'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sah
Translations: all, every, a whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or entirety of something. As an adjective, it modifies a noun and must agree with it in gender, number, and case.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G2062
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-roh-TEE-sees
Translations: questions, inquiries, interrogations
Notes: This word refers to the act of asking or making an inquiry. It denotes a question, an interrogation, or a request for information. It is often used in contexts where someone is seeking clarification or knowledge.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΥΣΜΑΤΑ, ΖΗΤΗΜΑΤΑ
G5012
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tah-pee-noh-froh-soo-NES
Translations: of humility, of lowliness of mind, of humbleness
Notes: This word refers to the quality of humility or lowliness of mind. It describes a humble attitude, a lack of self-importance, and a recognition of one's own limitations or dependence on God. It is often used in a positive sense in the New Testament, encouraging believers to adopt a humble disposition towards God and others. It is a compound word formed from 'ταπεινός' (tapeinos), meaning 'lowly' or 'humble', and 'φρήν' (phren), meaning 'mind' or 'spirit'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΟΤΗΣ, ΕΠΙΕΙΚΕΙΑ
G5535
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KHRAY-zay
Translations: needs, wants, desires, requires, lacks
Notes: This word means to need, want, or desire something. It can also imply a lack of something, indicating that a person or thing is in want of it. It is often used to describe a state of necessity or a strong desire for something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ, ΕΝΔΕΩ
G3522
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: nees-TEH-oo-son
Translations: fast, abstain from food
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to fast' or 'to abstain from food'. It is used to command someone to fast, often in a religious or spiritual context. It implies a deliberate act of refraining from eating for a period.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular
G3000
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LEEM-psee
Translations: a taking, a receiving, a seizure, a capture, a collection
Notes: This word refers to the act of taking, receiving, or seizing something. It can also denote a collection or a capture. It is used to describe the acquisition of an object, a person, or even an idea.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΛΗΨΙΣ, ΛΑΒΗ, ΚΑΤΑΛΗΨΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G0156
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AI-tis
Translations: cause, reason, charge, accusation, blame, a cause, a reason
Notes: This word refers to a cause, reason, or ground for something. It can also denote a charge or accusation brought against someone. In a legal context, it signifies the matter for which one is accused or held responsible.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΦΑΣΙΣ, ΑΦΟΡΜΗ
Etymology: From the verb αἰτέω (aitéō), meaning 'to ask, beg, demand'. The noun form developed to mean the 'cause' or 'reason' for something, often implying a demand for explanation or responsibility.
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koo-REE-oo
Translations: of Lord, of the Lord
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΥ (Kyriou), which is the genitive form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It means 'of the Lord' or 'of Lord' and is commonly used to refer to God or Jesus in ancient Greek texts. It indicates possession or origin related to the Lord.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΕΟΥ
G3522
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: en-ee-STEV-sa
Translations: I fasted, I did fast
Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'νηστεύω' (nēsteuō), meaning 'to fast'. It describes a past action of abstaining from food, typically for religious or spiritual reasons. It would be used in a sentence where the speaker is stating that they personally performed the act of fasting at a specific point in the past.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Etymology: The verb 'νηστεύω' (nēsteuō) is derived from 'νήστις' (nēstis), meaning 'not eating' or 'fasting'. This word itself is a compound of the negative prefix 'νη-' (nē-) and a root related to 'ἐσθίω' (esthiō), meaning 'to eat'.
G3392
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mee-AH-n
Translations: to defile, to pollute, to contaminate, to stain
Notes: This word describes the act of making something unclean, impure, or unholy. It can refer to physical defilement, such as staining or polluting, or to moral and spiritual defilement, such as corrupting or profaning. It is often used in a religious context to describe ritual impurity or sin.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΜΟΛΥΝΩ, ΡΥΠΑΙΝΩ, ΒΕΒΗΛΟΩ
Etymology: The word 'μιαίνω' (miainō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the concept of defilement and impurity.
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HEE-meh-ran
Translations: day, a day
Notes: This is a feminine noun meaning 'day'. It refers to a period of 24 hours, or more generally, a specific point in time or an era. It is used as the direct object of a verb or after certain prepositions that take the accusative case.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OW-tay
Translations: she, her, it, this, that, the same
Notes: This word is a pronoun, specifically the feminine nominative singular form of 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'she', 'her', or 'it', or as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. When used intensively, it can mean 'the same' or 'herself'. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it refers to.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΗ
G3571
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NYK-tee
Translations: to night, at night, by night, in the night
Notes: ΝΥΚΤΙ is the dative singular form of the noun ΝΥΞ (nyx), meaning 'night'. It is used to indicate the time when something occurs, often translated as 'at night', 'by night', or 'in the night'. It can also indicate the recipient of an action or the means by which something is done, though its primary use is temporal.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΣΠΕΡΑ, ΟΨΕ
Etymology: The word ΝΥΞ (nyx) comes from Proto-Indo-European *nokʷts, meaning 'night'. It is related to similar words for night in many Indo-European languages.
G3495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: neh-ah-NIS-kos
Translations: young man, a young man, youth
Notes: This word refers to a young man, typically one who is past childhood but not yet fully mature, often in the prime of his youth. It is used to describe a male individual in this specific age range, distinguishing him from a child or an older adult.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΠΑΙΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek, a diminutive of ΝΕΑΝΙΑΣ (neanias, 'young man'), which comes from ΝΕΟΣ (neos, 'new, young').
G3003
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LEH-gee
Translations: Legion, a legion
Notes: This word is a Latin loanword, 'legio', meaning a legion, which was a large unit of the Roman army, typically comprising several thousand soldiers. In the New Testament, it is notably used metaphorically to describe a large number of demons, as seen in the story of the Gerasene demoniac where the demons identify themselves as 'Legion' because they are many. It signifies a vast, organized multitude.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: you
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun meaning 'you' (singular). It is used when addressing a single person directly, typically as the subject of a sentence. It can also be used emphatically to highlight the person being addressed.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Second Person
Etymology: The word 'ΣΥ' is an ancient Greek pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been consistently used throughout various stages of the Greek language to refer to the second person singular.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEIR-ah
Translations: hand, a hand, power, strength, agency
Notes: This word refers to a hand, but it is often used metaphorically to signify power, strength, or agency. For example, 'in the hand of God' can mean 'under the power or authority of God'. It can also refer to a person's active involvement or instrumentality in an event.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine or Singular, Accusative, Feminine or Singular, Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to an old Indo-European word for 'grasp' or 'take'.
G0154
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ai-TEE-sai
Translations: to ask, to request, to demand, to beg, to ask for oneself, to ask for something for oneself
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'αἰτέω' (aiteō), meaning 'to ask' or 'to request'. It can be used in various contexts where someone is making a request or demand. The form 'αἰτῆσαι' (aitēsai) specifically indicates an aorist middle infinitive, meaning 'to ask for oneself' or 'to request for oneself'. It can also be an aorist middle imperative, second person singular, meaning 'ask for yourself!' or 'request for yourself!'.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive or Aorist, Middle, Imperative, Second Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ
G0602
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-po-ka-LYP-sis
Translations: revelations, unveilings, apocalypses
Notes: This word refers to a disclosure or unveiling of something previously hidden or unknown. It implies a divine or supernatural revelation, often concerning future events or spiritual truths. It is used to describe the act of revealing or the content that is revealed.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΩΣΙΣ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ
G1162
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DEH-see
Translations: to a request, to a petition, to a prayer, to a supplication
Notes: This word refers to a specific request, petition, or prayer made to God or a person in authority, often implying a sense of need or urgency. It is used to describe the act of making an earnest appeal.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΗ, ΕΝΤΕΥΞΙΣ, ΑΙΤΗΜΑ
G0991
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: BLEH-peh
Translations: see, look, behold, perceive, beware, take heed, consider
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to see' or 'to look'. It can also mean 'to perceive' or 'to understand'. In some contexts, it carries the sense of 'to beware' or 'to take heed', especially when used as an imperative. It is often used to direct attention to something or to warn someone.
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ
Etymology: The etymology of ΒΛΕΠΩ is uncertain, but it is thought to be of pre-Greek origin.
G3379
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MAY-po-teh
Translations: lest, perhaps, never, at any time, by no means
Notes: ΜΗΠΟΤΕ is a compound adverb formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (mē) and the indefinite adverb ΠΟΤΕ (pote). It is used to express a negative possibility, a fear that something might happen, or a rhetorical question implying a negative answer. Depending on the context, it can be translated as 'lest,' 'perhaps,' 'never,' or 'at any time.' It often introduces a clause expressing a feared outcome or a possibility that is being denied.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΗΠΩΣ, ΜΗ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative particle ΜΗ (mē), meaning 'not,' and the indefinite adverb ΠΟΤΕ (pote), meaning 'at some time' or 'ever.'
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: POL-lah
Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things
Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G2090
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-toy-MEH-nos
Translations: being prepared, being made ready, preparing, making ready
Notes: This word is the present middle/passive participle of the verb 'ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ (hetoimazo), meaning 'to prepare' or 'to make ready'. It describes someone or something that is in the process of being prepared or made ready, or preparing themselves. It is often used in contexts of readiness for an event or action.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ, ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ
G0154
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ai-TOO-meh-nos
Translations: asking, requesting, begging, demanding
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'αἰτέω' (aiteō), meaning 'to ask' or 'to request'. It describes someone who is in the process of asking or requesting something, or who is being asked/requested. It can function adjectivally or adverbially, indicating the state or action of asking.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΔΕΟΜΑΙ
G0985
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BLAP-sees
Translations: of harm, of injury, of damage
Notes: This word refers to harm, injury, or damage. It is used to describe something that causes detriment or loss. As a genitive case, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΛΑΒΗ, ΖΗΜΙΑ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G0714
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ar-KOO-sin
Translations: they are sufficient, they suffice, they are enough, they content, they satisfy
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be sufficient' or 'to be enough'. It describes a state where something meets the required standard or quantity, or provides contentment. It is often used to indicate that something is adequate for a particular purpose or person.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΩ, ΕΞΑΡΚΕΩ
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral
Sounds like: AI
Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11
Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)
Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OW-tye
Translations: these, they, themselves
Notes: This word is a demonstrative or personal pronoun. It is used to refer to a group of feminine nouns, functioning as the subject of a sentence. It can mean 'these' when pointing something out, or 'they' when referring back to a previously mentioned group of feminine entities, or 'themselves' for emphasis.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΙ, ΕΚΕΙΝΑΙ
G3381, G3382
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Part of Speech: Particle, Noun
Sounds like: MAY-tee
Translations: surely, perhaps, whether, lest, counsel, wisdom, plan, skill
Notes: This word has two primary meanings depending on context. As an interrogative particle (G3381), it is used to introduce a question expecting a negative answer, often translated as 'surely...not?' or 'perhaps'. It can also introduce a question where the answer is uncertain, meaning 'whether' or 'lest'. As a noun (G3382), it refers to 'counsel', 'wisdom', 'plan', or 'skill'. This noun form is typically feminine.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as a noun)
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΣΟΦΙΑ
Etymology: The particle 'μητί' (G3381) is a compound of the negative particle 'μή' (not) and the enclitic interrogative particle 'τι' (what, why). The noun 'μῆτις' (G3382) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'μάομαι' (to seek, strive).
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DY-nee
Translations: you may be able, you can, you are able
Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It is used to express capability or possibility, often in the sense of 'you can' or 'you are able to'. It is commonly found in contexts where someone is empowered to do something or has the capacity for an action.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Subjunctive, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ
G2478
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: is-khoo-RO-teh-rah
Translations: stronger, more powerful, mightier
Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'ischyros', meaning 'strong' or 'powerful'. As a comparative adjective, it indicates a greater degree of strength or power. It can be used to describe something that is stronger or more powerful than something else, often followed by a genitive case or a particle like 'e' (than).
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΤΩΤΕΡΑ, ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΕΡΑ
G2478
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: is-khoo-roh-TEH-ras
Translations: stronger, more powerful, mightier, more able
Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'ἰσχυρός' (ischyros), meaning 'strong' or 'powerful'. It indicates a greater degree of strength, power, or ability compared to something else. It is used to describe something that is 'stronger' or 'more powerful' than another entity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΤΩΤΕΡΑΣ, ΚΡΕΙΤΤΟΝΟΣ
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: OHN
Translations: being, who is, which is, he who is, they who are
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It describes a state of being or existence, often functioning like an adjective or a noun. It can be translated as 'being' or 'who is/are' depending on the context, referring to someone or something that is in a particular state or performing an action of being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-OH-rah-kas
Translations: you have seen, he has seen, it has seen
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It is in the perfect tense, indicating an action completed in the past with ongoing results in the present. It can be used to say 'you have seen' or 'he/she/it has seen'.
Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, 2nd or 3rd person singular
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ
Etymology: From a prolonged form of primary verb, probably akin to the root of Greek 'eido' (to see).
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-DEIN
Translations: to see, to perceive, to know, to behold, to look
Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb meaning 'to see' or 'to know'. It describes the action of seeing or perceiving something, often with the implication of understanding or experiencing it. It can be used in various contexts to express visual perception, mental apprehension, or even the act of experiencing an event.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΟΡΑΩ, ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
Etymology: The verb ΕΙΔΩ (eido) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see' or 'to know'. It is a very common and fundamental verb in Koine Greek, with various forms and derivatives used throughout the New Testament and other ancient texts.
G0611
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-kree-THEIS
Translations: having answered, answering, replied, having replied
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'apokrinomai', meaning 'to answer' or 'to reply'. It describes an action that has already occurred or is occurring, often functioning adverbially to indicate that someone spoke in response to something. It is frequently used in narrative contexts to introduce a character's response.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΠΩΝ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-goh
Translations: say, speak, tell, call, mean
Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to introduce direct or indirect speech, to give commands, or to express an opinion. It can also mean 'to call' or 'to name' someone or something, or 'to mean' something.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *leg- meaning 'to collect, gather'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to pick out words', hence 'to speak' or 'to say'.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-eh
Translations: Lord, O Lord, Master, Sir
Notes: This word is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΕ (Kyrie), which is the vocative form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It is used as a direct address to God or Jesus, meaning 'Lord' or 'Master'. It can also be used as a respectful address to a human, similar to 'Sir'.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
Etymology: From κύρω (kyro), meaning 'to have power' or 'to be master of'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G3441
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: MO-no
Translations: only, alone, single, a single, merely
Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'only' or 'alone', describing a singular entity or state. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. For example, it can describe someone who is by themselves, or an action that is done exclusively in one way.
Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular (adjective); Does not inflect (adverb)
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΣ, ΕΙΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *mon- (alone, single).
G0154
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ai-TOO-mai
Translations: I ask, I ask for, I beg, I demand, I request, I pray
Notes: This word is the first person singular present middle/passive indicative form of the verb 'αἰτέω' (aiteō). It means to ask for something, to beg, or to request. It implies a personal interest in the outcome of the request, often with a sense of need or urgency.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present Tense, Middle or Passive Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ
G3648
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: oh-loh-teh-LEES
Translations: complete, perfect, whole, entire
Notes: This word describes something that is complete, perfect, or entire, lacking nothing. It emphasizes the idea of being finished or fully developed, often in a moral or spiritual sense. It can be used to describe a state of being or an action that is carried out fully.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΙΟΣ, ΠΛΗΡΗΣ, ΟΛΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΛΟΤΕΛΗΣ is a compound word formed from ὅλος (holos), meaning 'whole' or 'entire', and τέλος (telos), meaning 'end', 'completion', or 'purpose'. Thus, it literally means 'whole to the end' or 'complete in its purpose'.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-NEE-tai
Translations: may be, might be, become, happen, come to pass, be made, be done
Notes: This word signifies 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' 'to become,' or 'to be made.' It is often used to describe events unfolding or states changing. It can also mean 'to be done' or 'to be performed' in certain contexts.
Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Aorist, Subjunctive, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΜΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of generation or becoming.
G3360
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEKH-ree
Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during
Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ
Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: teen
Translations: whom, what, which, a certain one, someone, something, (to) whom, (to) what, (to) which, (to) a certain one, (to) someone, (to) something
Notes: ΤΙΝ is an inflected form of the interrogative and indefinite pronoun ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative pronoun, it asks 'who?' or 'what?'. As an indefinite pronoun, it means 'someone' or 'something', or 'a certain one'. It can be used in various grammatical cases depending on its function in the sentence, such as the accusative or dative case.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine or Feminine, Accusative or Dative
Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TI-nos
Translations: of someone, of something, of anyone, of anything, of a certain one, of a certain thing, of what, of whom, whose
Notes: ΤΙΝΟΣ is the genitive singular form of the indefinite or interrogative pronoun 'τις'. As an indefinite pronoun, it refers to an unspecified person or thing, often translated as 'someone' or 'something'. As an interrogative pronoun, it asks about the identity or nature of a person or thing, translated as 'whose' or 'of what'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΙΝΩΝ, ΤΙΝΙ, ΤΙΝΑ
G0801
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-sy-NEH-toy
Translations: without understanding, foolish, senseless, unintelligent, a fool, a senseless person
Notes: This word describes someone who lacks understanding, discernment, or intelligence. It implies a moral or spiritual obtuseness, rather than just a lack of intellectual capacity. It can be used to describe individuals who are foolish or senseless in their actions or beliefs, often due to a failure to grasp divine truth or wisdom.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΦΡΩΝ, ΑΝΟΗΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'συνετός' (synetos), which means 'intelligent' or 'understanding'. 'Συνετός' itself comes from 'συνίημι' (syniemi), meaning 'to understand' or 'to comprehend'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-teh
Translations: you are
Notes: This word is a form of the verb "to be" in Koine Greek. It specifically means "you are" when referring to multiple people (plural). It is used to state a fact or condition about the subject, similar to how "are" is used in English.
Inflection: 2nd Person, Plural, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Active Voice
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, however, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a contrast, an exception, or an emphasis. It often translates to 'but' or 'yet' when contrasting two ideas, or 'rather' when correcting a previous statement. It can also be used to add emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is an indeclinable particle.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.
G1375
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dip-sy-KHEE-ai
Translations: double-mindedness, doubt, indecision, instances of double-mindedness
Notes: This word refers to a state of having two minds or being divided in one's loyalty, purpose, or will. It describes a person who is wavering between two opinions or courses of action, lacking single-mindedness or firm resolve. It is often used in a negative sense, implying instability or unfaithfulness.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΜΦΙΒΟΛΙΑ, ΑΣΤΑΘΕΙΑ
Etymology: The word is a compound of δύο (dyo), meaning 'two', and ψυχή (psychē), meaning 'soul' or 'mind'. It literally means 'two-souled' or 'double-souled', referring to a divided mind.
G5216
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MOHN
Translations: (of) you, your
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the second-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of you' or 'your' when referring to multiple people. It indicates possession, origin, or relationship concerning a group of people being addressed. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of you' (your house) or 'from among you'.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Genitive
G0801
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-soo-NEH-toos
Translations: foolish, without understanding, senseless, unintelligent, a foolish person, a senseless person
Notes: This word describes someone who lacks understanding, intelligence, or good sense. It implies a moral or spiritual deficiency in comprehension, rather than just a lack of factual knowledge. It can be used to describe people who are unwise or act without proper consideration.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΗΤΟΣ, ΑΦΡΩΝ, ΜΩΡΟΣ
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MAS
Translations: you, you all
Notes: This is a second-person plural personal pronoun, meaning 'you' or 'you all'. It is in the accusative case, indicating that it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used in a sentence like 'He saw you all'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Second Person, All genders
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-OO-sin
Translations: they make, they do, they produce, they perform
Notes: This word means 'to make', 'to do', 'to produce', or 'to perform'. It is used to describe actions or creations carried out by a group of people. For example, it can refer to people making something, doing a task, or bringing something into existence.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-khee
Translations: he has, she has, it has, he holds, she holds, it holds, he possesses, she possesses, it possesses, he is, she is, it is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present active indicative form of the verb ἔχω (echō). It means 'he/she/it has,' 'holds,' or 'possesses.' It can also be used in a broader sense to mean 'is' or 'is in a certain state,' depending on the context. For example, it can describe a condition or a relationship.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΩ, ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΕΙΜΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very common and ancient verb in Greek, with cognates in many other Indo-European languages.
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-an
Translations: heart, a heart, mind, inner self, thoughts, will, understanding, conscience
Notes: This word is almost certainly a misspelling or typo of ΚΑΡΔΙΑΝ (kardian), which is the accusative singular form of ΚΑΡΔΙΑ (kardia). ΚΑΡΔΙΑ refers to the physical heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used to describe the inner person or the seat of understanding and moral decision-making. For example, one might 'believe with the heart' or 'have something in their heart'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΝΟΥΣ, ΨΥΧΗ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-an
Translations: heart, a heart
Notes: This word refers to the physical organ, the heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of a person's being, including their thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used metaphorically to represent the inner self or the core of one's personality. It can be used in contexts like 'to set in one's heart' meaning to ponder or decide, or 'to speak to one's heart' meaning to comfort or encourage.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G5216
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MOHN
Translations: (of) you, your
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the second-person pronoun, meaning 'of you' or 'your'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to how 'your' or 'of you' is used in English. For example, it might appear in phrases like 'your house' or 'the love of you (plural)'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Second Person
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-ON
Translations: Lord, a Lord
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΝ (KYRION), meaning 'Lord'. It is the accusative singular form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (KYRIOS), which means 'Lord' or 'Master'. It is used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, or sometimes to a human master or owner. In the provided context, it is used with the accusative article 'ΤΟΝ', indicating it is the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
Etymology: From ΚΥΡΟΣ (KYROS), meaning 'power' or 'authority'. It refers to one who has power or authority, hence 'lord' or 'master'.
G3825
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAH-lin
Translations: again, back, anew, once more, on the other hand, moreover, in turn
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'back'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a contrasting idea, similar to 'on the other hand' or 'moreover'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΥΘΙΣ, ΕΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (to turn, revolve). It refers to a turning back or repetition.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-pon
Translations: I said, I spoke, said, spoke
Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates a completed action in the past, often translated as 'I said' or 'I spoke'. It is a common verb used to report direct or indirect speech.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
Etymology: The aorist stem εἶπον (eîpon) is a suppletive form, meaning it comes from a different root than the present tense forms of 'to say' (like λέγω). It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *wekw-, meaning 'to speak'.
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.
G0000
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-kree-BES-teh-ron
Translations: more accurate, more exact, more precise, more careful, more diligent
Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'ΑΚΡΙΒΗΣ' (akribēs), meaning 'accurate' or 'exact'. It indicates a higher degree of accuracy, precision, or carefulness. It can be used to describe something that is more meticulously done or understood.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Adverbial (comparative)
Synonyms: ΣΑΦΕΣΤΕΡΟΝ, ΕΞΑΚΡΙΒΕΣΤΕΡΟΝ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OW-tah
Translations: these things, them, they, it, themselves
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, specifically the neuter plural form. It can function as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'these things' or 'them' (referring to neuter plural nouns), or as an intensive pronoun meaning 'themselves' or 'it' (when emphasizing a neuter plural subject or object). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΙ, ΕΚΕΙΝΑ
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: gno-SOH-me-tha
Translations: we will know, we shall know
Notes: This word means 'we will know' or 'we shall know'. It is the future tense of the verb 'to know' and indicates an action of knowing that will occur in the future. It is used when a group of people (the speaker included) will come to understand or perceive something.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 1st Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ
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