Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Codex Sinaiticus / Shepherd of Hermas / Chapter 8Shepherd of Hermas, Chapter 8
Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)
G0601
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-ka-LYF-thee
Translations: was revealed, has been revealed, was disclosed, has been disclosed
Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist indicative passive form of the verb 'apokalypto'. It is a compound word formed from 'apo' (meaning 'from' or 'away from') and 'kalypto' (meaning 'to cover' or 'to hide'). Therefore, 'apokalypto' literally means 'to uncover' or 'to unhide'. In its passive form, 'apekalyphthē' means 'it was uncovered' or 'it was revealed'. It is used to describe something that was previously hidden or unknown but has now been made clear or brought to light, often by divine agency or a significant event.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FOY
Translations: brothers, fellow believers, countrymen, kinsmen
Notes: This word refers to brothers, either by blood or in a broader sense, such as fellow countrymen, kinsmen, or members of the same community or faith. It is a compound word formed from 'α-' (a-, meaning 'together' or 'same') and 'δελφύς' (delphys, meaning 'womb'), literally meaning 'from the same womb'. It is commonly used to address a group of male individuals who share a close bond or common origin.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΙ, ΣΥΓΓΕΝΕΙΣ, ΟΜΟΦΥΛΟΙ
G2837
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: koy-MOH-meh-noh
Translations: sleeping, a sleeping one, one who is sleeping, of one who is sleeping, to one who is sleeping, to a sleeping one, to one sleeping
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to sleep' or 'to fall asleep'. It describes someone who is in the act of sleeping. In a broader sense, it can also refer to someone who has died, as death is often metaphorically described as sleep in ancient Greek texts. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun or as a substantive (acting as a noun itself).
Inflection: Singular, Masculine or Neuter, Dative
Synonyms: ΥΠΝΟΥΝΤΙ, ΚΑΘΕΥΔΟΝΤΙ
Etymology: The word κοιμάω (koimaō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *kei- meaning 'to lie down, to settle'. It is related to words like 'cemetery' (via Latin coemeterium from Greek koimētērion, 'sleeping place').
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G3495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: neh-ah-NEE-skoo
Translations: of a young man, of a youth, of a young servant
Notes: This word refers to a young man or a youth, often implying someone in the prime of life, typically between adolescence and middle age. It can also refer to a young servant or attendant. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΝΕΑΝΙΑΣ
G2148
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: yoo-ee-des-TAH-too
Translations: of most beautiful appearance, of most comely form, of most handsome appearance, of the most beautiful, of the most comely, of the most handsome
Notes: This word describes something or someone as being of the most beautiful or comely appearance. It is the superlative form of the adjective 'eueidēs', meaning 'well-formed' or 'beautiful'. It is used to indicate the highest degree of beauty or handsomeness.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Superlative
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΛΙΣΤΟΥ, ΩΡΑΙΟΤΑΤΟΥ
Etymology: The word ΕΥΕΙΔΗΣ (eueidēs) is a compound word derived from two Greek elements: ΕΥ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and ΕΙΔΟΣ (eidos), meaning 'form', 'shape', or 'appearance'. Thus, it literally means 'of good form' or 'well-formed'.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: leh-GOH-tos
Translations: of saying, of speaking, of telling, of declaring, of commanding, of calling
Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine/neuter form of the present active participle of the verb 'lego'. It describes the action of speaking or saying, often used to indicate the source or subject of an utterance. It functions similarly to 'of one who is speaking' or 'of that which is being said'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΝΤΟΣ, ΦΩΝΟΥΝΤΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G4245
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-ran
Translations: older, elder, a more aged woman, the elder woman
Notes: This word is the feminine accusative singular form of the comparative adjective 'presbyteros'. It refers to someone who is older in age or rank. In the New Testament, it can refer to an 'elder' in the church, but in its feminine form, it often refers to an 'older woman' or 'elder woman'. It is used to describe someone who is more advanced in years compared to another.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΝΤΕΡΑΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙΟΤΕΡΑΝ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: pa-RAH
Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a
Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.
G3588, G3739, G3778, G5101
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: HAYS
Translations: (of) the, (of) who, (of) which, (of) this, (of) that, (of) what
Notes: The word "ΗΣ" is a versatile form in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as the genitive singular for masculine and feminine nouns. It can be the genitive singular of the definite article 'the', indicating possession or relationship. It can also be the genitive singular of the relative pronoun 'who/which', connecting clauses, or the demonstrative pronoun 'this/that', pointing to something specific. Additionally, it can be the genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun 'what/who', used in questions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-lah-bes
Translations: you took, you received, you obtained, you got, you seized, you apprehended
Notes: This word is a verb in the aorist active indicative, second person singular. It means 'you took' or 'you received' and describes a completed action in the past. It can also imply obtaining, seizing, or apprehending something or someone.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G976
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEEB-lee-on
Translations: book, a book, scroll, a scroll, volume, a volume, writing, a writing
Notes: The word "ΒΙΒΛΔΙΟΝ" appears to be a misspelling of "ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ" (biblion), where the delta (Δ) is likely a typographical error for an iota (Ι). Assuming it is intended to be "ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ", it refers to a small book, a scroll, or a written document. It is the diminutive form of "ΒΙΒΛΟΣ" (biblos), which means papyrus or a roll of papyrus. In ancient contexts, it would typically refer to a scroll used for writing, as codex-style books were not yet common. It can be used to refer to any written record or document.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΟΣ, ΓΡΑΜΜΑ
Etymology: The word "ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ" is a diminutive of "ΒΙΒΛΟΣ" (biblos), which originally referred to the inner bark of the papyrus plant, from which writing material was made. Over time, it came to mean a scroll or a book made from this material.
G0976
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bib-LEE-dee-on
Translations: little book, a little book, scroll, a scroll, bill of divorce, a bill of divorce
Notes: This word is a diminutive form of 'ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ' (BIBLION), meaning 'book' or 'scroll'. Therefore, it refers to a 'little book' or a 'small scroll'. In some contexts, particularly in the New Testament, it is specifically used to refer to a 'bill of divorce' or a 'certificate of divorce'. It is used to denote a written document of smaller size or lesser significance than a full book.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΓΡΑΜΜΑ
Etymology: The word ΒΙΒΛΙΔΙΟΝ is a diminutive of the Greek word ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ (BIBLION), which itself comes from ΒΥΒΛΟΣ (BYBLOS), referring to papyrus, the material from which books and scrolls were made. This connection to papyrus highlights the ancient form of written documents.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE-nah
Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything
Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.
Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter
G1384
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: DOH-kees
Translations: approved, acceptable, tried, tested, trustworthy
Notes: This word is likely a misspelling or an alternative form of 'ΔΟΚΙΜΟΣ' (dokimos), which means 'approved' or 'tested'. It describes something that has been put to the test and found to be genuine, reliable, or worthy. It can be used to describe people, things, or actions that have met a standard of quality or integrity.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΟΚΙΜΟΣ, ΕΥΑΡΕΣΤΟΣ, ΓΝΗΣΙΟΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-nah-ee
Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to occur
Notes: This is the infinitive form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It signifies existence, occurrence, or a state of being. It is often used with other verbs to form periphrastic constructions or to express purpose or result. For example, it can mean 'to be' in the sense of 'he wants to be good' or 'it is about to happen'.
Inflection: Infinitive
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙΝ, ΓΙΝΕΣΘΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- 'to be'. It is cognate with English 'is' and Latin 'esse'.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: This is a first-person singular pronoun, meaning 'I' or 'me'. It is used when the speaker is referring to themselves as the subject of a verb (nominative case). It can also be used for emphasis.
Inflection: First person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a common first-person pronoun found across many Indo-European languages.
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PHAY-sin
Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: see-BOO-lah
Translations: Sibyl
Notes: This word refers to a Sibyl, a female prophetess or oracle in ancient Greece and Rome. Sibyls were believed to be divinely inspired and to deliver prophecies, often in a trance-like state. The term is used to denote these specific prophetic figures.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: The origin of the name 'Sibyl' is uncertain, but it is thought to be of ancient Greek or Phoenician origin. It became a common term for female prophets in the classical world.
G4105
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: plah-NAH-seh
Translations: he deceived, he led astray, he wandered, he went astray, he was deceived, he was led astray
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'πλανάω' (planaō), meaning 'to lead astray, deceive, or cause to wander'. In this form, it indicates an action completed in the past, often implying that someone or something was led astray or deceived, or that someone themselves wandered or went astray. It can be used to describe both active deception and passive wandering.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active or Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΑΩ, ΠΛΑΝΗΤΗΣ
G4105
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: plah-NAH-sai
Translations: to lead astray, to deceive, to wander, to be deceived, to be led astray
Notes: This word describes the act of causing someone to go astray, to deceive them, or to lead them into error. It can also refer to the state of being led astray or wandering oneself. It is often used in contexts where someone is misled from truth or righteousness.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΑΩ, ΠΛΑΝΩ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is, exists
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It indicates existence, identity, or a state of being. It is commonly used to link a subject to a predicate, describing what the subject is or what state it is in. For example, it can mean 'he is' or 'it is', depending on the context.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or continuation. It often introduces a conclusion or a statement that follows from what has just been said. It can also be used to resume a narrative or to emphasize a point, sometimes translated as 'now' or 'indeed' in such contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u, a particle indicating 'away from'. In Greek, it developed into a particle of inference or transition.
G5345
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: FEE-may
Translations: report, a report, rumor, a rumor, fame, reputation
Notes: This word refers to a report, rumor, or a widespread saying. It can also denote fame or reputation, indicating what is said about a person or event. It is typically used to describe information that is spread by word of mouth, whether true or false.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΚΟΗ, ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΟΝΟΜΑ
Etymology: From the Greek verb φημί (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It refers to that which is spoken or reported.
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: FEE-mee
Translations: say, speak, declare, affirm, assert
Notes: This verb means 'to say,' 'to speak,' or 'to declare.' It is often used to introduce direct speech or to affirm a statement. It can be used in various tenses and moods to express an action of speaking or stating something.
Inflection: Present Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular; or Present Active Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: From a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak, tell, say.' It is related to Latin 'fari' (to speak) and English 'fame'.
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G1577
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ek-klee-SEE-ah
Translations: assembly, congregation, church, an assembly, a congregation, a church
Notes: This word refers to an assembly of citizens summoned for a specific purpose, often for public deliberation or religious gathering. In the New Testament, it primarily denotes the Christian community, either a local congregation or the universal body of believers. It is a compound word derived from 'ek' (out of) and 'kaleo' (to call), literally meaning 'a calling out' or 'those called out'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΗ, ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ is derived from the Greek preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ΚΑΛΕΩ (kaleo), meaning 'to call'. It originally referred to a formal assembly of citizens in ancient Greek city-states, summoned by a herald.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-pon
Translations: I said, I spoke, said, spoke
Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates a completed action in the past, often translated as 'I said' or 'I spoke'. It is a common verb used to report direct or indirect speech.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
Etymology: The aorist stem εἶπον (eîpon) is a suppletive form, meaning it comes from a different root than the present tense forms of 'to say' (like λέγω). It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *wekw-, meaning 'to speak'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.
G1223, G5101
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: dee-ah-TEE
Translations: why, wherefore, on account of what
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the interrogative pronoun τί (ti), meaning 'what'. It is used to ask for the reason or cause of something, functioning as 'why' or 'wherefore' in English. It can introduce a direct or indirect question.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΤΟΥΤΟ, ΔΙΟ
G4245
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-rah
Translations: elder woman, a elder woman, older, elder, senior, presbyteress
Notes: This word can function as a noun, referring to an older woman or a female elder/presbyteress. It can also be used as an adjective, meaning 'older' or 'elder', often in comparison to someone younger. In a religious context, it can specifically refer to a female leader or official in a church.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΥΣΙΑ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΙΣ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: pan-TOH
Translations: altogether, entirely, by all means, in every way
Notes: This word is an adverb derived from the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. As an adverb, 'παντῶ' means 'altogether' or 'entirely', indicating completeness or totality in an action or state. It can also mean 'by all means' or 'in every way', emphasizing a comprehensive manner.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΛΩΣ, ΠΑΝΤΕΛΩΣ
Etymology: The word 'πᾶς' (pas), from which 'παντῶ' is derived, comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'all' or 'every'.
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-tay
Translations: first, a first, foremost, chief, principal, earliest
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'first' or 'foremost'. It is used to describe something that comes before all others in order, time, or importance. For example, it can refer to the first day, the first person, or the most important thing. It can also be used to indicate a position of leadership or preeminence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ, ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ
G2936
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-TIS-thay
Translations: was created, was founded, was built, was established
Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'κτίζω' (ktizo), meaning 'to create,' 'to found,' or 'to build.' It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject was the recipient of the action (i.e., it was created or founded by someone or something else). It is used to indicate that something came into existence or was established.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΙΔΡΥΩ
Etymology: The root verb 'κτίζω' (ktizo) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to settle' or 'to establish.' It refers to the act of bringing something into existence or founding something.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOW-teen
Translations: this, that, this one, that one
Notes: ΤΑΥΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥ͂ΤΟΣ. It is used to point out something specific, often something near the speaker or something that has just been mentioned. It functions like 'this' or 'that' in English, and as an accusative, it typically serves as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2889
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOS-mos
Translations: world, a world, universe, order, adornment, decoration, ornament
Notes: This word refers to the world or the universe, often implying an ordered system. It can also refer to adornment or decoration, such as jewelry or clothing, highlighting the idea of something well-arranged or beautiful. In a broader sense, it can denote humanity or the inhabitants of the earth.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ, ΑΙΩΝ, ΓΗ
Etymology: From the verb κοσμέω (kosmeō), meaning 'to arrange, to put in order, to adorn'. The noun form thus carries the sense of something ordered, arranged, or beautiful.
G2675
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-teer-TIS-thee
Translations: was made complete, was perfected, was restored, was prepared, was fitted, was equipped
Notes: This word describes something that was brought to a state of completion, perfection, or readiness. It implies a process of being fully prepared, restored, or made fit for a particular purpose. It is used to indicate that something has been fully accomplished or put in order.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ, ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΤΕΛΕΙΟΩ
G3343
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: met-ep-EE-tah
Translations: afterward, thereafter, then, next
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating a sequence in time, meaning 'afterward' or 'thereafter'. It is used to denote something that happens subsequent to a previous event or action. It is a compound word formed from 'μετά' (meta, 'after') and 'ἔπειτα' (epeita, 'then').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΥΣΤΕΡΟΝ
Etymology: A compound word derived from the preposition ΜΕΤΑ (meta), meaning 'after' or 'with', and the adverb ΕΠΕΙΤΑ (epeita), meaning 'then' or 'thereupon'.
G3705
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: o-RA-see
Translations: vision, a vision, sight, appearance, a sight, a spectacle
Notes: This word refers to the act of seeing or the faculty of sight. It can also denote something that is seen, such as a vision, an appearance, or a spectacle. In a broader sense, it can refer to a divine revelation or a supernatural manifestation.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΘΕΑ, ΕΙΔΟΣ
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-don
Translations: I saw, I beheld, I perceived
Notes: ΕΙΔΟΝ is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It describes a completed action of seeing or perceiving that occurred in the past. It is often used to indicate a direct observation or a sudden realization.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΟΠΤΟΜΑΙ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EN
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G3611
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oy-KEH-oh
Translations: I dwell, I inhabit, I live, I reside
Notes: This verb means to dwell, inhabit, or live in a place. It describes the act of residing somewhere, whether permanently or temporarily. It can be used to describe a person living in a house, or a spirit dwelling within someone.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΟΙΚΕΩ, ΕΝΟΙΚΕΩ
Etymology: From οἶκος (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'dwelling'. The verb describes the action of being in a house or dwelling.
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EEL-then
Translations: he came, she came, it came, he went, she went, it went
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'he/she/it came' or 'he/she/it went'. It is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), which means 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes a completed action of movement in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΗΚΕΝ, ΕΒΗ
Etymology: The verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move' or 'to go'.
G2065
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-roh-TAY-sen
Translations: he asked, she asked, it asked, he questioned, she questioned, it questioned
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to ask' or 'to question'. It describes an action of seeking information or making an inquiry. It is typically used in sentences where someone is posing a question to another person or entity.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: AY
Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be
Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)
Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ
Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.
G2235
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AY-day
Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith
Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has already occurred. It emphasizes the immediacy or completion of an action or state. It can be used to mean 'already' in the sense of something having taken place before the expected time, or 'now' in the sense of 'at this very moment'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΡΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-d- (meaning 'already, now'). It is related to words meaning 'at that time' or 'then'.
G0976
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEEB-lee-on
Translations: book, scroll, a book, a scroll
Notes: This word refers to a book or a scroll, which was the common form of written material in ancient times. It is a diminutive of the word βίβλος (biblos), meaning 'papyrus' or 'book'. It is used to denote a written document, a record, or a volume of text. For example, one might read 'the book' or 'the scroll' of a prophet.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΟΣ, ΓΡΑΦΗ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek βίβλος (biblos, “papyrus, book”), which is thought to be of Egyptian origin, referring to the city of Byblos, a Phoenician city known for exporting papyrus.
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: deh-DOH-kah
Translations: I have given, I gave
Notes: ΔΕΔΩΚΑ is the first person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, meaning 'to give'. The perfect tense in Koine Greek describes an action that was completed in the past but has ongoing results or a continuing state in the present. It indicates that the act of giving has been completed, and its effects are still relevant.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the concept of 'giving'. It is a reduplicated form, characteristic of the perfect tense in Greek.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G4245
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-roys
Translations: (to) elders, (to) old men, (to) presbyters
Notes: This word refers to older men, often those who hold positions of authority or leadership within a community, particularly in religious or governmental contexts. It can denote a senior member, an elder, or a presbyter. In the New Testament, it frequently refers to leaders in the early Christian church.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΑΙ
G0720
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ehr-NEE-sah-mehn
Translations: I denied, I refused, I disowned
Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist, indicative, middle voice form of the verb ΑΡΝΕΟΜΑΙ (arneomai). It means 'I denied' or 'I refused'. In the middle voice, it emphasizes the subject's involvement in the action, often implying a personal denial or refusal. It is used to describe an action completed in the past.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΡΝΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΘΕΤΕΩ
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: deh-DOH-kain-eh
Translations: I have given, you have given, he has given, she has given, it has given, they have given
Notes: This word is a misspelling or a non-standard form of a perfect active indicative verb from the root verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ (didomi), meaning 'to give'. The form ΔΕΔΩΚΑ (dedoka) is the 1st person singular perfect active indicative ('I have given'). The form ΔΕΔΩΚΕΝ (dedoken) is the 3rd person singular perfect active indicative ('he/she/it has given'). The ending -ΚΑΙΝΕ is not a standard Koine Greek inflection. It is most likely a scribal error for ΔΕΔΩΚΑ (dedoka) or ΔΕΔΩΚΕΝ (dedoken), or possibly a very rare or dialectal form. In context, it would describe an action of giving that has been completed in the past with ongoing results.
Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, likely 1st or 3rd Person Singular (misspelled)
Synonyms: ΔΕΔΩΚΑ, ΔΕΔΩΚΕΝ
Etymology: The verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ (didomi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃- meaning 'to give'. It is a common and fundamental verb in Greek.
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: deh-DOH-keh-nai
Translations: to have given, to have granted, to have bestowed
Notes: ΔΕΔΩΚΕΝΑΙ is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb δίδωμι (didōmi), meaning 'to give' or 'to grant'. As a perfect infinitive, it indicates an action that has been completed in the past, often with ongoing results, and functions as the object of another verb or as a complement. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He claimed to have given the book' or 'It is necessary to have given a gift'.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΩΡΕΟΜΑΙ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ
Etymology: The verb δίδωμι (didōmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃- meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated verb, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs, where the initial consonant and a vowel are repeated.
G2573
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: KAL-ohs
Translations: well, rightly, properly, honorably, commendably
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'well' or 'rightly'. It describes an action performed in a good, proper, or honorable manner. It can indicate that something is done correctly, skillfully, or in a way that is morally upright.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΥ, ΟΡΘΩΣ, ΚΑΛΩΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΛΩΣ is derived from the adjective ΚΑΛΟΣ (KALOS), meaning 'good' or 'beautiful'.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-POY-ay-kas
Translations: you have done, you have made, you did, you made
Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'you have done' or 'you have made'. It describes an action completed in the past with continuing relevance to the present. It is commonly used to refer to actions, deeds, or creations.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-poy-EE-kas
Translations: you have made, you have done, you have performed
Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'to make,' 'to do,' or 'to perform.' It is in the perfect tense, indicating an action that was completed in the past but has ongoing results or a continuing state in the present. It is used when referring to something that 'you' (singular) have accomplished or brought about.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-khoh
Translations: have, hold, possess, keep, be able, be in a certain condition
Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It can also mean 'to possess', 'to keep', or 'to be in a certain state or condition'. It is used in a wide variety of contexts to indicate possession, capability, or a state of being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to Latin 'habeo' (to have) and English 'have'.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G4487
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: RHE-ma-ta
Translations: words, sayings, things, matters, deeds
Notes: This word refers to spoken or written words, sayings, or utterances. It can also refer to the 'things' or 'matters' that are spoken about, or even the 'deeds' that result from words. It is used broadly to encompass both the linguistic expression and the content or subject matter of that expression.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΙ, ΕΠΗ, ΦΩΝΑΙ
G4369
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-thee-NAI
Translations: to add, to put to, to give besides, to add to, to increase, to join to, to put on
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'prostithēmi'. It signifies the action of adding something, putting it to something else, or increasing a quantity. It can also mean to join or attach something. In a sentence, it would describe the act of making an addition or increment.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΕΝΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΘΕΙΝΑΙ
Etymology: The word 'prostithēmi' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'pros' (πρός), meaning 'to, toward, in addition to', and the verb 'tithēmi' (τίθημι), meaning 'to put, place, set'. Thus, it literally means 'to put to' or 'to place toward'.
G3752
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OH-tan
Translations: when, whenever, as often as, at the time that
Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a temporal clause, indicating a point in time or a condition. It means 'when' or 'whenever,' suggesting that something happens at a specific moment or repeatedly under certain circumstances. It is often followed by the subjunctive mood in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΤΕ, ΗΝΙΚΑ
Etymology: From the conjunction ὅτε (hote, 'when') and the particle ἄν (an, indicating potential or contingency).
G2005
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-teh-LEH-soh
Translations: I will complete, I will finish, I will accomplish, I will perform, I will bring to an end
Notes: This word signifies the act of bringing something to a full and complete end, often implying the successful execution or accomplishment of a task or purpose. It is used to describe the finalization of an action, ensuring it is thoroughly carried out.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΕΚΤΕΛΕΩ
Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb τελέω (teleo), meaning 'to complete' or 'to finish'. It thus means to complete something fully or entirely.
G0658
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-teh-LEH-soh
Translations: I will complete, I will finish, I will bring to pass, I will perform, I will accomplish
Notes: This word describes the action of bringing something to a full and complete end, often implying the successful completion or accomplishment of a task or process. It suggests a finality or a bringing to fruition.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Future Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΣΩ, ΕΚΤΕΛΕΣΩ, ΠΟΙΗΣΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: ndah
Translations: unknown, not a Koine Greek word
Notes: This word, 'ΝΤΑ', does not appear to be a recognized word in Koine Greek. It is highly likely a misspelling, a transliteration error, or a modern Greek word that has been mistakenly included in an ancient text. In modern Greek, 'ντα' can be an interjection or part of slang, but it has no direct meaning or usage in ancient Koine Greek. It's not clear what this word means in the context provided, and it could be garbled or badly misspelled.
Inflection: Does not inflect
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-ta
Translations: all, every, everything, all things
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. In its plural neuter form, as seen here, it often translates to 'all things' or 'everything'. It is used to indicate totality or universality, referring to a complete set or collection of items or concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G1107
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: gno-ree-STHEE-seh-tai
Translations: will be known, will be made known, will be revealed
Notes: This word is a verb indicating that something will become known or will be revealed. It is in the future passive voice, meaning the subject will receive the action of being made known or revealed by someone or something else.
Inflection: Future, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΔΗΛΩΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ, ΦΑΝΕΡΩΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ comes from the Greek word γνῶσις (gnōsis), meaning 'knowledge', which itself is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-, meaning 'to know'.
G1588
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ek-LEK-toys
Translations: chosen, elect, select, picked out
Notes: This word describes someone or something that has been chosen or selected, often with a connotation of being specially favored or set apart. It is frequently used in a theological context to refer to those chosen by God. It can also describe things that are excellent or choice.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΙ, ΚΛΗΤΟΙ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sin
Translations: to all, for all, with all, by all, in all
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness, often modifying a noun to show that something applies to every member of a group or every part of a whole. In this dative plural form, it typically translates as 'to all', 'for all', 'with all', or 'in all', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: grap-SEIS
Translations: you will write, you shall write
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to write'. It is used to indicate an action of writing that will happen in the future. For example, it can be used in commands or prophecies, such as 'you will write on the stones'.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ
G1417
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEE-oh
Translations: two
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'two'. It is used to indicate a quantity of two of something. It is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'two'.
G0974
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEE-blah-ree-DEE-ah
Translations: little scrolls, small books, booklets
Notes: This word is the plural form of a diminutive noun, referring to small books or little scrolls. It emphasizes the small size or insignificance of the written material. It would be used in a sentence to describe multiple small written documents, similar to how one might use 'booklets' or 'pamphlets' in English.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΤΕΥΧΗ
G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PEM-psees
Translations: you may send, you might send, you send, you could send
Notes: This word means 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. It is used when someone is sending a person, a message, or an object. In this form, it indicates a potential or hypothetical action of sending by a single person.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Subjunctive, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ
G3992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PEM-psis
Translations: sending, a sending, mission, a mission
Notes: This word is a feminine noun that refers to the act of sending or dispatching someone or something. It can also denote a mission or a commission, emphasizing the purpose or task for which someone is sent. It is derived from the verb 'ΠΕΜΠΩ' (pempo), meaning 'to send'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΗ
G2812
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KLEH-men-tee
Translations: to Clement, for Clement
Notes: This is the name Clement, a common personal name in ancient times. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the recipient of an action, similar to saying 'to Clement' or 'for Clement' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
G1123
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: grap-TEE
Translations: written, a written thing, a writing
Notes: The word "ΓΑΡΠΤΗ" appears to be a misspelling or variant of "ΓΡΑΠΤΗ" (graphe), which is derived from the verb "γράφω" (graphō), meaning "to write." As an adjective, it describes something that has been written or is in written form. It can refer to a document, a letter, or any text. In the provided context, it likely refers to something written or a written document.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΗ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗ
Etymology: The root word ΓΡΑΦΩ (graphō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *gerbh-, meaning 'to scratch, carve'. It evolved in Greek to mean 'to write' due to the early method of scratching or carving letters onto surfaces.
G1123
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: grap-TEE
Translations: written, in writing, a writing, a letter
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'written' or 'in writing'. It describes something that has been put down in written form, as opposed to spoken or oral. It can also function as a noun, referring to a document, a letter, or any piece of writing. For example, it might be used to describe a written law, a written agreement, or a letter sent to someone.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΓΓΡΑΦΟΣ, ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗ
Etymology: The word derives from the verb ΓΡΑΦΩ (grapho), meaning 'to write'. Its root is found in ancient Greek and is related to the act of inscribing or drawing.
G3992
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Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
Sounds like: PEM-psee
Translations: sending, a sending, dispatch, mission, to send, he sends, she sends, it sends
Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'sending' or 'dispatch', referring to the act of sending something or someone. It can also be an inflected form of the verb 'ΠΕΜΠΩ' (to send), specifically a third-person singular present active indicative, meaning 'he/she/it sends'. In ancient manuscripts without diacritics, it could also represent a second-person singular aorist active subjunctive form, meaning 'you may send' or 'you should send'. Its meaning depends on the context and the implied diacritics.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative (Noun); Third-person singular, Present, Active, Indicative (Verb); Second-person singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive (Verb)
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΗ, ΔΙΑΠΕΜΨΙΣ
Etymology: The word derives from the verb ΠΕΜΠΩ, meaning 'to send'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use.
G2812
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KLEE-mays
Translations: Clement
Notes: This is a proper name, specifically a male personal name. It is the Greek form of the Latin name 'Clemens', meaning 'merciful' or 'gentle'. It refers to a specific individual, such as Clement of Rome, an early Christian leader.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The name ΚΛΗΜΗΣ (Klēmēs) is derived from the Latin name Clemens, which means 'merciful' or 'gentle'. It was a common name in the Roman world.
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G1854
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: EX-oh
Translations: out, outside, forth, without, abroad
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating location or direction, meaning 'out' or 'outside'. It can refer to being physically outside a place, or moving outwards from a place. It is often used to describe something that is external or publicly known.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΞΩΘΕΝ, ΕΚΤΟΣ
Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', combined with a suffix indicating place.
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-lis
Translations: city, a city, town, a town
Notes: The word 'polis' refers to a city or town, a populated center where people live and gather. In ancient contexts, it often implied a self-governing city-state, but in Koine Greek, it frequently refers simply to any significant urban settlement. It is used to denote the physical location and its inhabitants.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΚΩΜΗ, ΧΩΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (to fill) or *pel- (to build, to enclose). It refers to a fortified place or a populated area.
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KEE-noh
Translations: (to) that, (to) those
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ', meaning 'that' or 'those'. It is used to point out something or someone at a distance, or something previously mentioned. In this dative form, it indicates the indirect object or the means/instrument, often translated with 'to' or 'for' or simply as 'that' when modifying a dative noun, as in 'in that time'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ
G2010
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-peh-TREP-tai
Translations: it has been permitted, it is allowed, it is lawful
Notes: This is the third person singular, perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'ἐπιτρέπω' (epitrepō), meaning 'to permit' or 'to allow'. It indicates an action that has been completed in the past and has ongoing results in the present, specifically that something has been permitted or allowed by an external authority or circumstance.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Perfect, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΞΕΣΤΙ, ΔΥΝΑΤΟΝ
G2010
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-TET-rep-tai
Translations: it is permitted, it is allowed, it is lawful, it is entrusted, it is committed
Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'epitrepō'. It means 'it is permitted' or 'it is allowed', indicating that something has been given permission or authority. It can also mean 'it has been entrusted' or 'it has been committed', implying that a task or responsibility has been given to someone.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Perfect, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΞΕΣΤΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ
Etymology: The word 'epitrepō' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'epi' (upon, over) and the verb 'trepō' (to turn). The combination suggests turning something over to someone, hence granting permission or entrusting.
G3560
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: noo-theh-TEH-see
Translations: he will admonish, he will warn, he will instruct, he will exhort
Notes: This word means to admonish, warn, or instruct someone, often with the implication of correcting their behavior or guiding them towards what is right. It can also mean to exhort or encourage. It is used to describe the act of giving counsel or advice, particularly with a moral or spiritual aim.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Future Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ, ΔΙΔΑΣΚΩ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ
G5503
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEE-ras
Translations: of a widow, of the widow, a widow
Notes: This word refers to a woman whose husband has died and who has not remarried. It is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of a widow' or 'belonging to a widow'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G3737
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: or-fa-NOOS
Translations: orphans, fatherless, destitute
Notes: This word refers to individuals, typically children, who have lost one or both parents, especially the father. It can also be used more broadly to describe someone who is desolate, helpless, or without a protector, implying a state of being destitute or abandoned. In ancient contexts, orphans were particularly vulnerable members of society.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΕΥΤΟΥΣ, ΕΡΗΜΟΥΣ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: you
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun meaning 'you' (singular). It is used when addressing a single person directly, typically as the subject of a sentence. It can also be used emphatically to highlight the person being addressed.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Second Person
Etymology: The word 'ΣΥ' is an ancient Greek pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been consistently used throughout various stages of the Greek language to refer to the second person singular.
G0320
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-GNO-see
Translations: reading, a reading
Notes: This word refers to the act of reading or a specific passage that is read. It can be used to describe the public reading of scripture or other texts. It is derived from the verb 'anagignosko', meaning 'to know again' or 'to read'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΝΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb ἀναγιγνώσκω (anagignōskō, "to read"), from ἀνά (aná, "up, again") + γιγνώσκω (gignōskō, "to know"). It refers to the act of knowing again through reading.
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-lin
Translations: city, a city
Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G4245
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-ron
Translations: of elders, of older men, of presbyters, of older, of older ones
Notes: This word refers to older men, elders, or presbyters. It is often used in a religious or administrative context to denote leaders or respected individuals within a community, such as church elders or members of a council. It can also simply mean 'older' when used as an adjective.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΝΤΩΝ, ΠΡΟΕΣΤΩΤΩΝ
G4291
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-is-ta-MEH-non
Translations: of those who lead, of those who manage, of those who rule, of those who preside, of those who are in charge, of those who care for
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'proistemi', which means to stand before, to lead, to manage, to rule, or to care for. In this form, it refers to the people who are in a position of leadership, management, or oversight. It describes those who are responsible for guiding or caring for others.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΩΝ
Etymology: The word 'proistemi' is a compound word formed from 'pro' (meaning before or in front of) and 'histemi' (meaning to stand). Thus, it literally means 'to stand before', which evolved to signify leadership or management.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G1577
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ek-klee-SEE-as
Translations: of the church, of an assembly, of the congregation, churches, assemblies, congregations
Notes: This word refers to a gathering of people, an assembly, or a congregation. In the New Testament, it often refers to the Christian church, either a local gathering of believers or the universal body of believers. It can also refer to a secular assembly or a mob. The form 'ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣ' can be either the genitive singular (indicating possession or origin, 'of the church') or the accusative plural (indicating the direct object, 'churches').
Inflection: Singular, Genitive or Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΗ, ΟΜΙΛΙΑ, ΣΥΝΟΔΟΣ
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