Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Codex Sinaiticus / Shepherd of Hermas / Chapter 31Shepherd of Hermas, Chapter 31
Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)
G2589
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-dee-oh-GNO-stace
Translations: knower of hearts, heart-knower, a knower of hearts
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'kardia' (heart) and 'gnostes' (knower). It refers to someone who knows the thoughts, intentions, and secrets of the heart. It is primarily used in a theological context to describe God as the one who possesses complete knowledge of human hearts.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
Etymology: This word is a compound of two Greek words: 'kardia' (heart) and 'gnostes' (knower). 'Kardia' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'heart'. 'Gnostes' is derived from 'ginosko' (to know), which also comes from a Proto-Indo-European root.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: OHN
Translations: being, who is, which is, he who is, they who are
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It describes a state of being or existence, often functioning like an adjective or a noun. It can be translated as 'being' or 'who is/are' depending on the context, referring to someone or something that is in a particular state or performing an action of being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-os
Translations: Lord, a Lord, Master, a Master, Sir, a Sir
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred name abbreviation, for ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It refers to a supreme authority, master, or owner. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their divine authority and sovereignty. It can also be used as a respectful address, similar to 'Sir'.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *keu- meaning 'to swell, to be strong, to be powerful'. It refers to one who has power or authority.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3960
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pa-TAS-soh
Translations: strike, smite, hit, beat, wound
Notes: This word is likely a misspelling or an incomplete form of the verb 'πατάσσω' (patassō), which means 'to strike, smite, or hit'. It is used to describe the act of delivering a blow or impact, often with force. For example, it can refer to striking someone, hitting an object, or even a natural force like the sun striking something.
Inflection: Imperative, Aorist, Active, Second Person Singular (if it were πατάξατε, but it's not a standard form)
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΤΤΩ, ΤΥΠΤΩ, ΚΟΠΤΩ
G4267
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-gi-NOH-skoh
Translations: foreknow, know beforehand, predetermine
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΡΟ (PRO), meaning 'before', and the verb ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ (GINOSKO), meaning 'to know' or 'to come to know'. Therefore, it means 'to know beforehand' or 'to foreknow'. It describes the act of having prior knowledge or understanding of something before it happens or is revealed. It can also imply a predetermination or a prior decision.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΟΡΙΖΩ, ΠΡΟΕΓΝΩΚΑ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the Greek preposition ΠΡΟ (PRO), meaning 'before', and the verb ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ (GINOSKO), meaning 'to know'. It signifies the concept of knowing something in advance.
G4308
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-EE-den
Translations: he foresaw, he saw beforehand, he knew beforehand
Notes: This word is an aorist active indicative form of the verb 'προοράω' (proorao), meaning 'to foresee' or 'to see beforehand'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, specifically that someone had prior knowledge or vision of an event. It is often used in contexts where divine or prophetic foresight is implied.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Active Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΠΡΟΕΠΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G769
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: as-the-NEH-ee-an
Translations: weakness, a weakness, infirmity, a sickness, disease, a disease
Notes: This word refers to a state of weakness, feebleness, or infirmity, often implying a lack of strength, whether physical, moral, or spiritual. It can also denote sickness or disease. It is used to describe a condition of being without strength or power.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΡΩΣΤΙΑ, ΑΣΘΕΝΗΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: an-THRO-pon
Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humans
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ (ANTHROPON), which is the genitive plural form of ἄνθρωπος (anthropos), meaning 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'of men' or 'belonging to people'. For example, it might be used in a phrase like 'the wisdom of men'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΩΝ, ΑΝΔΡΩΝ
G4182
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: po-ly-plo-KEE-an
Translations: complexity, intricacy, a complexity, an intricacy, entanglement, a snare
Notes: This word refers to a state of being complex, intricate, or entangled. It describes something that is difficult to understand or unravel due to its many interwoven parts, and can also imply a snare or trap due to its complexity.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΛΟΚΗ, ΠΟΛΥΠΛΟΚΟΣ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G1228
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-ah-BOH-loo
Translations: (of) devil, (of) slanderer, (of) accuser, (of) an accuser
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun ΔΙΑΒΟΛΟΣ (diabolos). It refers to an accuser, a slanderer, or the Devil. In the New Testament, it is most commonly used to refer to Satan, the chief adversary of God and humanity. It is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast', thus literally meaning 'one who throws across' or 'one who casts accusations'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΑΤΑΝΑΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΕΙΡΑΣΤΗΣ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G4161
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POY-ay-sis
Translations: a doing, a making, a performance, a deed, a work
Notes: This word refers to the act of doing, making, or performing something. It can denote the process of creation or the result of an action, often translated as a 'deed' or 'work'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΡΑΞΙΣ
Etymology: The word 'ποίησις' (poiesis) comes from the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It refers to the act of bringing something into existence.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-AY-see
Translations: they will make, they will do, they will produce, they will create
Notes: This word is the future active indicative form of the verb 'poieo', meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. It indicates an action that will be performed by a group of people (third person plural). It can be used in various contexts to describe the act of creating, performing, or bringing something into existence.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Future, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G2556
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: KAH-ko
Translations: bad, evil, worthless, harmful, wicked, a bad thing, evil, harm, mischief
Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'bad,' 'evil,' 'worthless,' or 'harmful.' It describes something that is morally corrupt, of poor quality, or causes damage. It can also be used as a noun, referring to 'evil' itself, 'harm,' or 'mischief.' It is often used in contrast to 'good' (ἀγαθόν).
Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΚΑΚΟ' comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'bad' or 'evil.' It is a fundamental term in Greek for describing negative qualities or actions.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1401
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOO-loys
Translations: to a slave, to a servant, to a bondservant, to slaves, to servants, to bondservants
Notes: This word refers to a slave, servant, or bondservant. It is used in the dative case, indicating the recipient or indirect object of an action. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He gave a gift to the servants.'
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΕΡΑΠΩΝ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΗΣ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-OO
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for the word ΘΕΟΥ (Theou), meaning 'of God'. It is used to refer to the divine being, God, in the genitive case. In ancient Greek texts, nomina sacra were common contractions for frequently used sacred names and titles, indicating reverence and saving space. This form would typically be used in phrases like 'the house of God' or 'the power of God'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do, to place, to set', or possibly 'to shine'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for a deity or god.
G4198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: por-yoo-SEH-tai
Translations: he will go, he will depart, he will travel, he will proceed
Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'he will go' or 'he will depart'. It describes a future action of movement or progression. It is often used to indicate a journey, a departure, or a general movement from one place to another.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G4190
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: po-nee-REH-oo-seh-tai
Translations: he will act wickedly, he will be evil, he will do evil
Notes: This word describes the act of behaving in a wicked or evil manner. It refers to someone who will commit evil deeds or be characterized by malice. It is used to indicate a future action or state of being evil.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Future Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΟΙΕΩ, ΑΔΙΚΕΩ
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ
G4184
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-ly-SPLANGKH-nos
Translations: very compassionate, full of pity, merciful
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many', and 'σπλάγχνον' (splagchnon), referring to the inward parts or affections. Therefore, it describes someone who is 'much-hearted' or 'full of compassion'. It is used to describe a person, especially God, who shows great mercy and pity towards others.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΛΕΗΜΩΝ, ΟΙΚΤΙΡΜΩΝ
Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: πολύς (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many', and σπλάγχνον (splagchnon), meaning 'inward parts' or 'bowels', which were considered the seat of emotions. Thus, it literally means 'having much feeling in the inward parts'.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or continuation. It often introduces a conclusion or a statement that follows from what has just been said. It can also be used to resume a narrative or to emphasize a point, sometimes translated as 'now' or 'indeed' in such contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u, a particle indicating 'away from'. In Greek, it developed into a particle of inference or transition.
G4697
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ess-plang-KHNI-sthee
Translations: he had compassion, he felt pity, he was moved with pity, he was moved with compassion
Notes: This word describes a deep, visceral feeling of compassion or pity, often originating from the innermost being or 'bowels'. It signifies a strong emotional response to the suffering or plight of others, leading to an urge to help. It is frequently used in the New Testament to describe Jesus's profound empathy for people.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΤΕΙΡΩ, ΕΛΕΕΩ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EP-ee
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a
Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'
Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G4161
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poy-EE-sin
Translations: a doing, a making, a deed, a work
Notes: This word refers to the act of doing or making something, or the result of such an action, a deed or a work. It describes an activity or an accomplishment.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΡΑΞΙΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: of him, of it, his, its, of himself, of itself, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun, a possessive pronoun, or an intensive/reflexive pronoun. In the genitive case, as seen here, it typically means 'of him' or 'of it' when referring to a third person, or 'his' or 'its' to indicate possession. It can also be used for emphasis, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', especially when preceding the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
G5087
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-THEE-ken
Translations: he placed, she placed, it placed, he put, she put, it put, he laid, she laid, it laid, he appointed, she appointed, it appointed
Notes: This is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb τίθημι (tithemi), meaning 'to place,' 'to put,' 'to lay,' or 'to appoint.' It describes a completed action in the past, indicating that 'he,' 'she,' or 'it' performed the action of placing or setting something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3563
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOY-an
Translations: mind, understanding, thought, a mind, an understanding, a thought, purpose, intention, a purpose, an intention
Notes: This word refers to the faculty of understanding, the mind, or the act of thinking. It can denote a thought, a purpose, or an intention. It is used to describe the inner workings of one's intellect and will.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΝΟΥΣ, ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ, ΓΝΩΜΗ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOW-teen
Translations: this, that, this one, that one
Notes: ΤΑΥΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥ͂ΤΟΣ. It is used to point out something specific, often something near the speaker or something that has just been mentioned. It functions like 'this' or 'that' in English, and as an accusative, it typically serves as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G1698
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me, (by) me, (with) me
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the first-person pronoun 'I'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to me' or 'for me'. It can also express possession, advantage, or the agent in certain constructions, often translated as 'by me' or 'with me'. Its precise meaning depends on the context of the verb or preposition it accompanies.
Inflection: Dative, Singular, First Person
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G1849
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ex-oo-SEE-ah
Translations: authority, power, right, jurisdiction, control, a right, a power
Notes: This word refers to the right or privilege to act, the power to govern or control, or the authority to make decisions. It can denote delegated authority, inherent power, or freedom of choice. It is often used in contexts of legal or moral right, or the ability to exercise dominion over something or someone.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΙΣΧΥΣ
Etymology: Derived from the Greek verb ἔξεστι (exesti), meaning 'it is permitted' or 'it is possible'. It combines the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb εἶναι (einai), meaning 'to be'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G3341
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: meh-tah-NOY-ahs
Translations: of repentance, of a change of mind, of a change of heart
Notes: This word refers to a change of mind, a turning around, or repentance. It signifies a fundamental shift in one's thinking, attitude, or direction, often implying a moral or spiritual transformation. It is frequently used in contexts of turning away from sin and towards God. It is a compound word formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'after' or 'with', and 'νοέω' (noeo), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΟΦΗ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΕΙΑ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TOW-tays
Translations: of this, of that
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. As a genitive feminine singular form, it indicates possession or origin, referring to a feminine noun that is either physically near or has been previously mentioned in the discourse. It functions similarly to 'of this' or 'of that' in English, specifying a particular item or concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΗΣ, ΤΗΣΔΕ
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DOH-thay
Translations: it was given, he was given, she was given
Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didōmi), meaning 'to give'. It indicates an action that happened in the past, where the subject received the action (was given) rather than performed it. It can be translated as 'it was given', 'he was given', or 'she was given', depending on the context.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΔΟΘΗ, ΕΔΩΚΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated verb, characteristic of ancient Greek.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: sin
Translations: you, (to) you, (with) you, (for) you
Notes: ΣΙΝ is an enclitic form of the second person plural pronoun, meaning 'you'. It is often used in conjunction with prepositions, such as 'μετά' (with) or 'πρός' (to/towards), to form phrases like 'with you' or 'to you'. As an enclitic, it typically loses its accent and attaches to the preceding word.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Enclitic, Dative or Accusative
G4234
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRAH-xis
Translations: deed, act, action, a deed, an act, an action, practice, performance, transaction
Notes: This word refers to a deed, an act, or an action. It can also denote the practice or performance of something, or a business transaction. It is a feminine noun and is used to describe something that is done or accomplished.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΟΙΗΜΑ, ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the verb πράσσω (prassō), meaning 'to do, to act, to perform'. It refers to the result or process of acting.
G5172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: troo-FEE
Translations: luxury, a luxury, delight, a delight, sumptuous living, softness, wantonness
Notes: This word refers to a life of luxury, delicate living, or pleasure. It can denote a state of abundance and enjoyment, but sometimes carries a negative connotation implying excessive indulgence, effeminacy, or wantonness. It is often used to describe a lifestyle characterized by ease and comfort, sometimes to the point of moral laxity.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΔΟΝΗ, ΑΝΕΣΙΣ, ΑΣΩΤΙΑ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be derived from a root meaning 'to break down' or 'to be soft', referring to the softening effect of luxury.
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is, exists
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It indicates existence, identity, or a state of being. It is commonly used to link a subject to a predicate, describing what the subject is or what state it is in. For example, it can mean 'he is' or 'it is', depending on the context.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-thro-PO
Translations: (to) a man, (to) man, (to) a person, (to) person, (to) a human being, (to) human being
Notes: This word refers to a human being, a man, or mankind in general. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the recipient or indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can refer to an individual person or to humanity as a whole.
Inflection: Dative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AN
Translations: if, perhaps, whatever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, as soon as, until, before
Notes: This word is a conditional particle used to express possibility, contingency, or indefiniteness. It is often used with the subjunctive mood to form conditional clauses, indicating that an action or state is dependent on a certain condition. It can also be combined with other words to form indefinite relative pronouns or adverbs, such as 'whoever', 'whatever', or 'whenever'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΟΤΑΝ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The particle 'an' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en- meaning 'on, at'. It is an ancient Greek particle that has been used since classical times.
G2234
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: HAY-deh-ohs
Translations: gladly, cheerfully, with pleasure, willingly
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'gladly' or 'with pleasure'. It describes an action that is performed willingly, joyfully, or with a sense of delight. It indicates a positive disposition towards the action being taken.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΘΥΜΩΣ, ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΩΣ
Etymology: The word Ἡδέως is derived from the adjective Ἡδύς (hēdys), meaning 'sweet' or 'pleasant'. It describes something that is agreeable or delightful.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-EH-ee
Translations: makes, does, creates, performs, produces, brings about, carries out
Notes: This verb signifies to make, do, or create something. It is used broadly to describe actions, accomplishments, or the bringing into existence of something. It can refer to physical creation, the performance of an action, or the production of a result.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G4169
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: POY-ay
Translations: what kind of, what sort of, what, which
Notes: This word is an interrogative adjective used to ask about the nature, quality, or kind of something. It functions similarly to 'what kind of' or 'which' in English. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. For example, 'what kind of pleasures' (ΠΟΙΑΙ ΤΡΥΦΑΙ).
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Feminine
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-EH
Translations: do, make, produce, create, perform, cause, practice, accomplish
Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'poieō', meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek and can be used in a wide variety of contexts to describe actions, creations, or the bringing about of events. Its precise meaning often depends on the context and the direct object it takes.
Inflection: Present, Active, Subjunctive, 2nd Person Singular; or Present, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G3690
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ox-y-KHO-los
Translations: quick-tempered, easily angered, irascible
Notes: ΟΞΥΧΟΛΟΣ is a compound adjective meaning 'quick-tempered' or 'easily angered'. It describes someone who is prone to sudden outbursts of anger or irritation. The word combines 'sharp' or 'keen' (οξυς) with 'bile' or 'anger' (χολη), literally meaning 'sharp-bile' or 'sharp-anger'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΡΓΙΛΟΣ, ΘΥΜΩΔΗΣ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: poy-OHN
Translations: doing, making, creating, producing, performing, a doer, a maker, the one who does, the one who makes
Notes: ΠΟΙΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb ΠΟΙΕΩ, meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is in the act of doing or making something. It can be translated as 'doing' or 'making' when used adjectivally, or as 'the one who does' or 'a doer' when used substantively.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩΝ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G2425
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ee-kah-NON
Translations: sufficient, enough, adequate, competent, worthy, considerable, many, much, a sufficient thing, an adequate thing
Notes: This word describes something as being sufficient, adequate, or enough for a particular purpose or situation. It can also refer to a considerable quantity or number of something, meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used to indicate that something meets a required standard or amount.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΡΚΕΤΟΣ, ΕΞΑΡΚΗΣ, ΠΛΗΡΗΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G1438
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Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ah-TOO
Translations: (of) himself, (of) herself, (of) itself, (of) themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the one performing it. For example, 'he washed himself'. It is a compound word formed from the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos) and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou).
Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter. It can also be used for Feminine or Plural contexts, though the specific form 'ΕΑΥΤΟΥ' is genitive singular masculine/neuter.
Etymology: From the combination of the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self') and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou, 'of self').
G4234
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRAH-xay
Translations: deed, act, action, a deed, an act, an action
Notes: This word refers to a deed, an act, or an action. It describes something that is done or performed. It can be used in various contexts to denote human activity or conduct.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΟΙΗΜΑ
G5172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TROO-fah
Translations: luxury, luxurious living, pleasure, delight, a luxury, a pleasure
Notes: This word refers to a life of luxury, indulgence, or pleasure. It describes a state of soft living, delight, or effeminacy. It is often used in a negative sense to denote excessive or self-indulgent pleasure.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Accusative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Feminine; or Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΔΟΝΗ, ΑΣΩΤΙΑ, ΣΠΑΤΑΛΗ
G3432
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MOY-khos
Translations: adulterer, a male adulterer
Notes: This word refers to a male who commits adultery. It is used to describe someone who engages in illicit sexual relations, particularly with a married person. It can be used in a literal sense for a person who breaks marital vows, or metaphorically for someone unfaithful to God.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΟΡΝΟΣ, ΑΣΕΛΓΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΜΟΙΧΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to go astray' or 'to be defiled'. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to an adulterer.
G3183
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: meh-THOO-soss
Translations: drunkard, drunken, a drunkard
Notes: This word describes someone who is habitually drunk or given to excessive drinking. It can be used as an adjective to describe a person as 'drunken' or as a noun meaning 'a drunkard' or 'a habitual drunkard'. It refers to a state of being intoxicated or a person who frequently becomes intoxicated.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΟΙΝΟΠΟΤΗΣ, ΜΕΘΥΣΤΗΣ
Etymology: From μέθη (methē), meaning 'intoxication' or 'drunkenness'.
G2637
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kah-tah-LAH-loss
Translations: slanderer, backbiter, gossiper, a slanderer, a backbiter, a gossiper
Notes: This word describes someone who speaks evil against others, a slanderer or backbiter. It refers to a person who engages in malicious gossip or defamation, often behind someone's back. It is used to characterize individuals who are prone to speaking ill of others.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Feminine, Nominative
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΟΛΟΣ, ΨΙΘΥΡΙΣΤΗΣ, ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΟΣ
Etymology: This word is a compound of two Greek words: κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and λαλός (lalos), meaning 'talkative' or 'prating', derived from the verb λαλέω (laleō), meaning 'to speak'. Thus, it literally means 'speaking against'.
G5583
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: psyoo-STAYS
Translations: liar, a liar
Notes: This word refers to a person who tells lies or is deceitful. It describes someone who is not truthful in their words or actions. It can be used in a sentence to describe a person's character, for example, 'He is a liar.'
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΕΩΝ, ΨΕΥΔΟΠΡΟΦΗΤΗΣ
Etymology: From the verb ψεύδομαι (pseudomai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to deceive'.
G4123
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pleh-oh-NEK-tays
Translations: covetous person, greedy person, extortioner, a covetous person, a greedy person, an extortioner
Notes: This word refers to someone who is covetous, greedy, or an extortioner. It describes a person who desires to have more than their fair share, often at the expense of others, and can imply a person who takes advantage of others for personal gain. It is used to describe a character trait of excessive desire for possessions or wealth.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΠΑΞ, ΦΙΛΑΡΓΥΡΟΣ, ΑΔΙΚΟΣ
Etymology: This word is a compound of two Greek words: πλεῖον (pleion), meaning 'more', and ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Thus, it literally means 'one who has more' or 'one who desires more'.
G0650
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-pos-teh-REE-tays
Translations: robber, an extortioner, extortioner, a defrauder, defrauder
Notes: This word refers to someone who deprives another of their possessions, often through fraud, violence, or unjust withholding. It describes a person who takes what is not rightfully theirs, whether by force (robbing) or by deceit (defrauding). It is used to characterize individuals who engage in such practices.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: HARPAX, PLEONEKTES
Etymology: The word APOSTERĒTĒS is derived from the verb APOSTEREŌ (G0649), meaning 'to defraud' or 'to rob'. It combines the prefix APO- (away from) with STEREO (to deprive).
G5124
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toys
Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G3667
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ho-moy-O-ma-ta
Translations: likenesses, a likeness, images, an image, forms, a form, resemblances, a resemblance, copies, a copy
Notes: This word refers to something that resembles or is similar to another thing. It can denote a copy, an image, a form, or a likeness. It is often used to describe something that is made in the likeness of something else, such as an idol or a representation. It can also refer to a similarity in nature or character.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΙΚΩΝ, ΤΥΠΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ
G2398
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: EE-dee-ah
Translations: one's own, private, peculiar, personal, individually, privately, separately, apart
Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'one's own,' 'private,' or 'peculiar,' referring to something belonging to a specific person or group. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'privately,' 'separately,' or 'individually.' As an adjective, it agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. As an adverb, it describes how an action is performed.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular; Feminine, Accusative, Plural; Neuter, Nominative, Plural; Neuter, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΥ, ΜΟΝΟΣ, ΞΕΧΩΡΙΣΤΑ
Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *swe- (reflexive pronoun), meaning 'self.' It developed in Greek to refer to what is 'one's own' or 'private.'
G3554
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NO-soh
Translations: to sickness, to disease, to illness, to affliction, to malady
Notes: This word refers to a sickness, disease, or illness. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the recipient or object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for' in English, or implying 'by means of' or 'in' a sickness. It can describe a physical ailment or a general state of affliction.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΑ, ΑΡΡΩΣΤΙΑ, ΚΑΚΙΑ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EN
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.
G4234
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRAH-xee
Translations: deed, act, action, a deed, an act, an action
Notes: This word refers to a deed, act, or action, emphasizing the practical application or performance of something. It describes what is done, as opposed to what is merely thought or said. It can be used in various contexts to denote human activity or conduct.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΟΙΗΣΙΣ
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, nevertheless, however, indeed
Notes: This word is primarily a conjunction used to introduce a contrast or opposition to what has just been stated. It can often be translated as 'but' or 'yet'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'on the contrary' or 'indeed', emphasizing a preceding statement or introducing a strong affirmation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ
Etymology: From the neuter plural of the adjective ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other'. It developed into a conjunction indicating distinction or opposition.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: This is a first-person singular pronoun, meaning 'I' or 'me'. It is used when the speaker is referring to themselves as the subject of a verb (nominative case). It can also be used for emphasis.
Inflection: First person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a common first-person pronoun found across many Indo-European languages.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SOY
Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you
Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-goh
Translations: say, speak, tell, call, mean
Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to introduce direct or indirect speech, to give commands, or to express an opinion. It can also mean 'to call' or 'to name' someone or something, or 'to mean' something.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *leg- meaning 'to collect, gather'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to pick out words', hence 'to speak' or 'to say'.
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: FEE-mee
Translations: say, speak, declare, affirm, assert
Notes: This verb means 'to say,' 'to speak,' or 'to declare.' It is often used to introduce direct speech or to affirm a statement. It can be used in various tenses and moods to express an action of speaking or stating something.
Inflection: Present Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular; or Present Active Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: From a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak, tell, say.' It is related to Latin 'fari' (to speak) and English 'fame'.
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral
Sounds like: AI
Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11
Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)
Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OW-tah-ee
Translations: such, such a kind, such as these
Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to refer to something that has been previously mentioned or is understood from the context, indicating its nature or quality. It functions similarly to 'these' or 'those' but emphasizes the quality or type rather than just the identity.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sai
Translations: all, every, whole, all things, every one, all people, all women
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or entirety of something. It can be used with nouns to specify that all members of a group are included, or it can stand alone as a pronoun meaning 'everyone' or 'everything'. In this form, it refers to a plural feminine group.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G5172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: troo-FAY
Translations: luxury, luxuries, delicacy, delights, pleasures
Notes: This word refers to a life of luxury, indulgence, or soft living, often implying excessive pleasure or delicate living. It can describe a state of comfort and ease, sometimes with a negative connotation of self-indulgence or effeminacy. It is used to describe things that bring pleasure or delight.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΔΟΝΗ, ΑΝΕΣΙΣ, ΕΥΠΑΘΕΙΑ
G983
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: blah-beh-REH
Translations: harmful, injurious, hurtful, destructive
Notes: This word describes something that causes harm, injury, or damage. It is used to characterize things, actions, or people that are detrimental or destructive in nature. In its original form, it could be an adjective in the vocative case, addressing someone or something as 'harmful one,' or it could be a neuter plural form meaning 'harmful things.' It can also function as an adverb meaning 'harmfully.'
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine or Feminine; or Plural, Nominative/Accusative/Vocative, Neuter; or Adverbial
Synonyms: ΟΛΕΘΡΙΟΣ, ΖΗΜΙΩΔΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΒΛΑΒΕΡΟΣ (blaberos) derives from the verb ΒΛΑΠΤΩ (blaptō), meaning 'to harm' or 'to injure.' It describes the quality of causing harm.
G0983
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: blah-beh-RAI
Translations: harmful, injurious, hurtful
Notes: This word describes something that causes harm or injury. It is used to characterize things, actions, or situations that are detrimental or damaging. For example, one might speak of 'harmful words' or 'injurious practices'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΒΛΑΒΗΣ, ΟΛΕΘΡΙΟΣ, ΖΗΜΙΩΔΗΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-seen
Translations: they are, are
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be'. It means 'they are' or simply 'are', indicating existence or a state of being for a plural subject. It can be used to link a subject to a predicate, such as 'they are good' or to state the existence of something, as in 'there are many people'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G5129
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TAH-oo-tas
Translations: these
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning "this" or "these." It is used to point out something specific, similar to how "this" or "these" are used in English. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ΟΥ͂ΤΟΣ
G3756, G3757
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when
Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G0538
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-pa-TAS
Translations: you deceive, you cheat, you mislead, you trick
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'apatao', meaning 'to deceive' or 'to cheat'. It describes the act of misleading someone or causing them to believe something that is not true. It is often used in contexts warning against being led astray.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΑΩ, ΕΞΑΠΑΤΑΩ
G3958
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PAS-khoo-sin
Translations: they suffer, they experience, they endure, they undergo
Notes: This word describes the act of suffering, experiencing, or undergoing something, often something difficult or unpleasant. It is used to indicate that a group of people is currently enduring or experiencing a particular condition or event.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G5097
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: tee-moh-ROO-meh-roy
Translations: being punished, being avenged, suffering punishment, suffering vengeance
Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being punished' or 'being avenged'. It describes someone who is currently undergoing punishment or experiencing vengeance. It is often used to indicate the state of suffering due to a past action or divine judgment.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΚΔΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ
Etymology: The word ΤΙΜΩΡΕΩ (timoreo) comes from ΤΙΜΩΡΟΣ (timoros), meaning 'avenging, punishing', which is a compound of ΤΙΜΗ (time), meaning 'honor, value', and ΟΡΟΣ (oros), meaning 'guard, watcher'. Thus, it originally referred to one who guards or defends honor, leading to the sense of avenging or punishing.
G0928
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: bah-sah-NEE-zoh-meh-noy
Translations: being tormented, being tortured, being distressed, being examined, being tested
Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being tormented' or 'being tortured'. It describes someone who is undergoing severe suffering, pain, or distress, often as a result of physical torture or intense mental anguish. It can also refer to being put to the test or examined, like a metal being tested on a touchstone. It is a compound word derived from the noun 'βάσανος' (BASANOS), meaning 'touchstone' or 'test'.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΔΥΝΩΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΚΟΥΧΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΤΑΛΑΙΠΩΡΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G5171
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: troo-FAH-ee-reh
Translations: to live luxuriously, to live delicately, to live sumptuously, to live in pleasure
Notes: This word describes the act of living in luxury, pleasure, or delicacy. It implies a lifestyle characterized by indulgence and comfort, often without concern for hardship or necessity. It is used to convey the idea of someone who enjoys the finer things in life.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Present, Imperative, Active
Synonyms: ΣΠΑΤΑΛΑΩ, ΑΣΩΤΕΥΩ
G5172
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: troo-feh-RAI
Translations: delicate, luxurious, tender, soft
Notes: This word describes something that is delicate, luxurious, or tender. It can refer to a person who lives in luxury or is pampered, or to something that is soft to the touch. It is used to describe a quality of gentleness or softness.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΛΟΣ, ΜΑΛΑΚΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΤΡΥΦΕΡΟΣ comes from the Greek word τρυφή (tryphē), meaning 'softness, delicacy, luxury, wantonness'.
G4982
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soh-ZOO-sai
Translations: saving, preserving, delivering, making whole, healing
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'saving' or 'preserving'. It describes an ongoing action of bringing someone or something to safety, health, or completeness. It can be used to describe something that is actively providing salvation, preservation, or healing.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ, ΘΕΡΑΠΕΥΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: an-THRO-poos
Translations: men, people, human beings, mankind
Notes: The word ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΥΣ is the accusative plural form of the Koine Greek noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ (anthropos), which generally refers to a human being, a man, or mankind in general. In this accusative plural form, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating 'men,' 'people,' or 'human beings' as the recipients of an action.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOY
Translations: many, much, a lot of
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. For example, it can be used to say 'many people' or 'much time'. It often appears in the plural form to indicate a multitude.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΙ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝΕΣ
G0018
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ah-gah-THON
Translations: good, a good thing, what is good, beneficial, virtuous
Notes: This word describes something as good, beneficial, or virtuous. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its positive quality. It can also be used substantively as a neuter noun, meaning 'a good thing' or 'what is good', referring to a moral or material benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word originates from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'good' or 'able'. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages.
G2038
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: er-ga-ZOH-me-noy
Translations: working, laboring, doing, performing, practicing, a worker, those who work
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ergazomai', meaning 'to work' or 'to labor'. It describes someone who is actively engaged in work or performing a task. It can be used to refer to people who are working (as a noun, 'workers') or to describe an action they are doing (as an adjective, 'working'). It often implies diligent effort or the carrying out of a specific activity.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΚΟΠΙΩΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΑΤΤΟΝΤΕΣ
G5171
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: troo-fee-SOH-sin
Translations: they may live luxuriously, they may live delicately, they may revel, they may feast sumptuously
Notes: This word describes the act of living in luxury, indulging in pleasures, or reveling. It implies a lifestyle of ease and abundance, often with a connotation of self-indulgence or extravagance. It is used to describe how a group of people might engage in such a lifestyle.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Future, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΣΠΑΤΑΛΑΩ, ΑΣΩΤΕΥΩ
Etymology: From τρυφή (tryphē), meaning 'delicacy, luxury, wantonness'. The word implies a soft or delicate way of life.
G5171
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: troo-FAH-oh
Translations: to live luxuriously, to live sumptuously, to revel
Notes: This word describes living in luxury, indulgence, or revelry. It implies a lifestyle characterized by excessive pleasure and comfort, often with a negative connotation of self-indulgence.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΠΑΤΑΛΑΩ, ΑΣΩΤΕΥΩ
Etymology: The word ΤΡΥΦΑΩ is derived from the noun ΤΡΥΦΗ (tryphē), meaning 'softness, delicacy, luxury, wantonness'.
G1438
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Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ah-TOH
Translations: (to) himself, (for) himself, (to) herself, (for) herself, (to) itself, (for) itself, (to) themselves, (for) themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the clause. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the subject itself. It can be used for singular or plural subjects, and its specific meaning (himself, herself, itself, themselves) depends on the gender and number of the subject it refers to. In this dative form, it often conveys the sense of 'to' or 'for' the subject.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G2237
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hay-doh-NAY
Translations: pleasure, a pleasure, delight, lust
Notes: This word refers to pleasure, delight, or enjoyment. It can also carry the negative connotation of sensual pleasure or lust. It is used to describe a feeling of gratification or satisfaction, whether physical or emotional.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ, ΧΑΡΑ
Etymology: The word ΗΔΟΝΗ (hēdonē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *sweh₂d- meaning 'sweet, pleasant'. It is related to words like 'sweet' in English.
G5342
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: feh-ROH-meh-nai
Translations: being carried, being borne, being brought, being led, being driven, being moved
Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being carried' or 'being borne'. It describes something that is in the process of being moved or transported by an external force. It can be used to describe objects, people, or even abstract concepts that are being influenced or directed. For example, 'the ships being carried by the wind' or 'the people being led by the Spirit'.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΓΟΜΕΝΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΟΜΕΝΑΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OW-tay
Translations: she, her, it, this, that, the same
Notes: This word is a pronoun, specifically the feminine nominative singular form of 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'she', 'her', or 'it', or as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. When used intensively, it can mean 'the same' or 'herself'. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it refers to.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΗ
G4851
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: soom-FOR-os
Translations: profitable, advantageous, useful, expedient, beneficial
Notes: This word describes something that is beneficial, advantageous, or useful. It is often used to indicate that something is for one's good or serves a helpful purpose. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'φέρω' (to bear, carry), literally meaning 'bearing together' or 'bringing together', hence 'contributing to' or 'beneficial'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΩΦΕΛΙΜΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΣ, ΛΥΣΙΤΕΛΗΣ
Etymology: From the prefix σύν (syn, "with, together") and the verb φέρω (pherō, "to bear, carry"). It literally means "bearing together" or "bringing together," leading to the sense of contributing to or being beneficial.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tee
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is, exists, it exists, it is possible
Notes: This word is a common form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It indicates existence, identity, or a state of being. It can be used to link a subject to a predicate, or to simply state that something exists.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The root verb ΕΙΜΙ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.
G2222
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ZOH-ayn
Translations: life, a life
Notes: This word refers to life, existence, or vitality. It is a feminine noun and is often used to describe physical life, but can also refer to spiritual or eternal life depending on the context. It is used in sentences to denote the state of being alive or the duration of one's existence.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΙΟΣ
Etymology: From a primary root meaning 'to live'. It is related to the verb ζάω (zaō), meaning 'to live'.
G4046
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-poy-EH-tay
Translations: he acquires, he gains, he preserves, he secures, he obtains, he saves
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from περί (peri, meaning 'around' or 'about') and ποιέω (poieō, meaning 'to make' or 'to do'). It means to make something for oneself, to acquire, gain, or preserve something for oneself. It implies an action done for one's own benefit or to secure something for oneself. It can also mean to save or keep safe.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΚΤΑΟΜΑΙ, ΠΟΡΙΖΩ, ΣΩΖΩ
Etymology: The word περιποιέω is a compound of the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about,' and the verb ποιέω (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do.' The combination suggests an action of making or doing something for oneself, or for one's own benefit.
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OO-toh
Translations: (to) such, (to) such a one, (to) such a kind, (by) such, (by) such a one, (by) such a kind
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to describe a person or thing that is of the nature or quality previously mentioned or implied. As an adjective, it agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. In this dative singular form, it can indicate the indirect object ('to such a one') or an instrument/means ('by such a one').
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣΔΕ, ΟΙΟΣ
G4280
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: proh-ee-REE-may-nye
Translations: aforementioned, aforesaid, previously mentioned, previously said
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'aforementioned' or 'previously mentioned'. It is used to refer to something that has already been spoken about or described earlier in the text. It functions like a descriptive adjective, modifying a noun that has been previously introduced.
Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Nominative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΛΕΓΟΜΕΝΑΙ, ΠΡΟΓΕΓΡΑΜΜΕΝΑΙ
G0931
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-SAH-noos
Translations: torments, tortures, pains, trials, tests
Notes: This word refers to severe pain, torment, or torture, often inflicted as a test or punishment. It can also refer to the means by which such pain is inflicted, like a touchstone used to test metals. In a broader sense, it can mean a trial or test of character. It is used in sentences to describe suffering or the instruments of suffering.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΣΕΙΣ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑΙ, ΟΔΥΝΑΙ
G5098
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tee-moh-REE-as
Translations: of punishment, of vengeance, of retribution
Notes: This word refers to punishment, vengeance, or retribution. It describes the act of inflicting a penalty for an offense or wrongdoing. It is often used in contexts where someone is being held accountable for their actions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΚΗ, ΚΟΛΑΣΙΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (for) them, (to) themselves, (for) themselves
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). It can mean 'to them' or 'for them' when referring to a third person plural, or 'to themselves' or 'for themselves' when used reflexively. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action, and can apply to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G4046
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-POY-oo-sin
Translations: they acquire, they preserve, they gain, they save, they keep safe
Notes: This word describes the action of acquiring, preserving, or gaining something for oneself. It implies an effort to secure or maintain possession of something, often with the nuance of keeping it safe or for one's own benefit. It is used when a group of people are performing this action.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΤΑΟΜΑΙ, ΣΩΖΩ, ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ
Etymology: The word περιποιέω (peripoieō) is a compound word formed from περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and ποιέω (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. Together, they convey the sense of 'making for oneself' or 'making around oneself', leading to the meaning of acquiring or preserving.
G4046
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-poy-OON-tay
Translations: acquire, gain, obtain, secure, preserve, save
Notes: This verb means to acquire or gain something for oneself, often with the sense of preserving or saving it. It implies an active effort to secure a benefit or possession. It can also mean to save or preserve someone or something. In the provided context, it refers to gaining a good standing or great boldness.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle Voice, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΚΤΑΟΜΑΙ, ΠΟΡΙΖΩ, ΣΩΖΩ
G1437
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eh-AHN
Translations: if, when, whenever, although
Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It often implies a condition that is possible or expected to occur, or a general truth. It can also be used to mean 'when' or 'whenever' in a general sense, or even 'although' in some contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΙ
Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an), which indicates potentiality or contingency. It combines these elements to form a conditional conjunction.
G1961
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-mee-NOH-seen
Translations: they may remain, they may abide, they may continue, they may persevere, they may endure
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to remain,' 'to abide,' 'to continue,' 'to persevere,' or 'to endure.' It implies staying in a place, condition, or course of action. It is often used to describe persistence or steadfastness.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΜΕΝΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to,' and the verb ΜΕΝΩ (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide.'
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G3340
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-tah-noh-AY-soh-sin
Translations: they may repent, they might repent
Notes: This word means to change one's mind, to feel remorse, or to repent. It implies a change of direction or purpose, often with a moral or spiritual connotation. It is used to describe a turning away from past actions or beliefs towards a new way of thinking or living. In a sentence, it would describe a group of people undergoing this change.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Subjunctive, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΑΙ
G2288
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THA-na-ton
Translations: death, a death
Notes: This word refers to death, the cessation of life. It is often used in a literal sense to describe physical death, but can also be used metaphorically to describe spiritual death or destruction. In a sentence, it would typically function as the object of a verb or the subject of a clause, indicating the concept of death.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ, ΑΠΟΒΙΩΣΙΣ, ΕΞΟΔΟΣ
G0746
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-KHEE
Translations: beginning, rule, ruler, first, origin, a beginning, a rule, an origin
Notes: This word refers to a beginning, origin, or the first in a series. It can also denote a position of authority, rule, or dominion, and by extension, the person holding such authority, a ruler or magistrate. It is used to describe the starting point of something, or the source from which something originates. It can also refer to the principal or chief thing.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΚΕΦΑΛΗ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ergʰ- meaning 'to begin, to rule'. It refers to both the commencement of something and the authority or power associated with a leader or origin.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AL-lays
Translations: of another, of other, another's, other's, different
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or as a possessive adjective.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ALLOS comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is a common word found across many Indo-European languages.
G3850
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pah-rah-boh-LEES
Translations: of a parable, of a proverb, of a figure, of a type, of an illustration, of a comparison
Notes: This word refers to a parable, a proverb, or a figure of speech. It is often used in the context of a story or saying that conveys a moral or spiritual lesson, especially as taught by Jesus in the Gospels. It can also refer to a comparison or an illustration used to explain something.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΙΝΙΓΜΑΤΟΣ, ΠΑΡΟΙΜΙΑΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ, “juxtaposition, comparison, parable”), from παραβάλλω (parabállō, “to compare, to throw beside”), from παρά (pará, “beside”) + βάλλω (bállō, “to throw”).
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