Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Codex Sinaiticus / Shepherd of Hermas / Chapter 2Shepherd of Hermas, Chapter 2
Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G2980
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: lah-LEE-sai
Translations: to speak, to talk, to say
Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'to speak' or 'to talk'. It indicates the action of speaking or saying something, often used in contexts where someone is unable or unwilling to communicate verbally. It can also refer to the act of proclaiming or declaring.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΡΩ, ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEEN
Translations: her, it, this, that
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, meaning 'her' or 'it' when referring to a feminine noun. It is used in the accusative case, indicating that the feminine noun it refers to is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can also function as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'herself' or 'itself', or as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G4487
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: RHE-ma-ta
Translations: words, sayings, things, matters, deeds
Notes: This word refers to spoken or written words, sayings, or utterances. It can also refer to the 'things' or 'matters' that are spoken about, or even the 'deeds' that result from words. It is used broadly to encompass both the linguistic expression and the content or subject matter of that expression.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΙ, ΕΠΗ, ΦΩΝΑΙ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G1578
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-lis-THEH-san
Translations: they turned away, they declined, they avoided, they swerved, they turned aside
Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'ekklino'. It describes an action where a group of subjects were caused to turn away, decline, or avoid something. It implies a turning aside from a path, a standard, or a person, often with a negative connotation of deviation or avoidance.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΛΙΝΩ, ΕΚΤΡΕΠΩ
Etymology: From G1537 (EK) and G2827 (KLINO). EK means 'out of' or 'from', and KLINO means 'to lean' or 'to incline'. Thus, the word literally means 'to lean out from' or 'to turn away from'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G3772
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oo-rah-NOY
Translations: heavens, skies, heaven
Notes: This word refers to the heavens or the sky, encompassing both the physical firmament above the earth and, more significantly in a theological context, the dwelling place of God and the spiritual realm. It is the plural form of the word 'ΟΥΡΑΝΟΣ' (ouranos), meaning 'heaven' or 'sky'. In the New Testament, it often denotes the abode of God, angels, and the blessed, or the realm from which divine power and blessings originate.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΙΘΗΡ, ΚΟΣΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΟΥΡΑΝΟΣ' (ouranos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to cover' or 'to enclose'. It refers to the vault of the sky.
G2532, G1473
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun
Sounds like: kah-GOH
Translations: and I, I also, and also I
Notes: This word is a crasis (a contraction of two words into one) formed from the conjunction "καὶ" (kai, meaning "and" or "also") and the first-person singular pronoun "ἐγώ" (egō, meaning "I"). It therefore means "and I" or "I also." It is used to connect a statement about the speaker to a previous statement or context, often emphasizing the speaker's inclusion or participation.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ ΕΓΩ
G3650
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: HO-los
Translations: whole, all, complete, entire
Notes: This word means 'whole', 'all', 'complete', or 'entire'. It is used to describe something that is undivided or lacking nothing. It can be used to emphasize the totality of something, such as 'the whole house' or 'the entire day'.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΑΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It refers to something that is complete or undivided.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-meen
Translations: I was, I have been
Notes: This word is the first person singular imperfect indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It describes a continuous or repeated action in the past, or a state of being that existed over a period of time in the past. It can be used to say 'I was' or 'I used to be'.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative
G5425
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-FREE-koss
Translations: having shuddered, having trembled, having bristled, having been terrified
Notes: This is a perfect active participle of the verb 'phrissō', meaning 'to shudder' or 'to tremble'. It describes a state of having shuddered or trembled, often from fear, awe, or cold. It can also refer to hair or bristles standing on end. It is used to indicate a completed action with ongoing results, describing someone who is in a state of having been terrified or having experienced a strong physical reaction like shuddering.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Active Participle
Synonyms: ΤΡΕΜΩ, ΦΟΒΕΩ, ΠΤΟΕΩ
Etymology: The verb 'phrissō' (φρίσσω) is of uncertain origin, possibly onomatopoeic, imitating the sound of shuddering or bristling.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3076
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: loo-POO-meh-nos
Translations: grieving, being grieved, sorrowing, being sorrowful, distressed, being distressed
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'λυπέω' (lupeō), meaning 'to grieve' or 'to cause pain'. As a participle, it describes someone who is currently experiencing grief, sorrow, or distress, or who is being grieved. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate the state of sorrow or distress.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΠΕΝΘΩΝ, ΣΚΥΘΡΩΠΟΣ, ΑΘΥΜΩΝ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-leh-gon
Translations: they were saying, they said, they were telling, they told
Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' (LEGO). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'they were saying' or 'they used to say'. It can also simply indicate a past action, 'they said' or 'they told'. It is commonly used to report speech or actions of a group of people in a narrative.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
Etymology: The verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' (LEGO) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out, count, tell'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', often implying a deliberate or reasoned utterance.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EN
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.
G1683
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Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOW-toh
Translations: (to) myself, (for) myself, (by) myself
Notes: This is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back towards the speaker. For example, 'I did it to myself' or 'I made it for myself.'
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OW-tay
Translations: she, her, it, this, that, the same
Notes: This word is a pronoun, specifically the feminine nominative singular form of 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'she', 'her', or 'it', or as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. When used intensively, it can mean 'the same' or 'herself'. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it refers to.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΗ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G0266
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-mar-TEE-ah
Translations: sin, a sin, offense, trespass
Notes: This word refers to a sin, an offense, or a trespass against divine law or moral principles. It describes an act of missing the mark or failing to achieve a goal, particularly in a moral or ethical sense. It is commonly used to denote a transgression or a moral failing.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the verb ἁμαρτάνω (hamartanō), meaning 'to miss the mark, to err, to sin'. It is formed from the privative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not') and 'μέρος' (meros, meaning 'part' or 'share'), implying a failure to obtain a share or to hit the target.
G0325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-grah-PHEH-tai
Translations: it is recorded, it is written, it is registered, it is enrolled
Notes: This word means 'to be recorded' or 'to be written down'. It is used to indicate that something has been officially registered, enrolled, or committed to writing. It implies a formal or public record, often in a legal or historical context.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΕΤΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΕΤΑΙ
G4459
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: POHS
Translations: how, in what way, by what means, that, in order that
Notes: ΠΩΣ is an adverb used to inquire about the manner or means by which something occurs, translating to "how" or "in what way." It can introduce direct or indirect questions. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning "that" or "in order that," especially when expressing purpose or result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative and interrogative pronominal stems.
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doo-NEE-so-mai
Translations: I will be able, I shall be able, I can
Notes: This word is the future tense of the verb 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It indicates a future capacity or possibility to do something. It is often used to express what someone will be capable of achieving or performing.
Inflection: Future, Middle/Passive, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙΝ
G4982
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: so-THEE-nai
Translations: to be saved, to be delivered, to be preserved, to be made whole
Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'σῴζω' (sōzō). It means 'to be saved,' 'to be delivered,' 'to be preserved,' or 'to be made whole.' It is used to express the action of being rescued or brought to safety, whether physically, spiritually, or from danger or destruction. For example, it can refer to being saved from sin, illness, or death.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ, ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ
G2433
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-ee-LA-so-my
Translations: I will make propitiation, I will atone, I will reconcile, I will expiate
Notes: This word is a future middle or passive form of the verb 'hilaskomai'. It signifies the act of making propitiation, atonement, or reconciliation, often in a religious context to appease a deity or to make amends for sin. It implies an action taken to restore a right relationship or to remove guilt.
Inflection: Future, Middle or Passive, First Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΤΡΟΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ
Etymology: The verb ἱλάσκομαι (hilaskomai) is derived from the adjective ἵλαος (hilaos), meaning 'gracious' or 'propitious'. The prefix ἐξ- (ex-) means 'out of' or 'from', intensifying the action of making propitious or atoning.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THEH-ohn
Translations: God, a God
Notes: This word is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΘΕΟΝ (Theon), which is the accusative singular form of the Greek word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos), meaning 'God'. It is used to refer to God as the direct object of a verb or preposition, indicating the recipient of an action. For example, 'they saw God' or 'they worshipped God'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G0266
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hah-mar-TEE-ohn
Translations: of sin, of sins, of a sin
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ' (hamartia), meaning 'sin'. It is commonly used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of sin' or 'concerning sin'. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to 'sins' in a collective or plural sense.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G5046
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: teh-LEE-ohn
Translations: of perfect ones, of complete ones, of mature ones
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'teleios'. It describes something that is perfect, complete, or mature. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to perfect ones' or 'of those who are complete'. It often refers to spiritual maturity or completeness in a moral or ethical sense.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙΟΣ, ΟΛΟΚΛΗΡΟΣ
G4169
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: POY-oys
Translations: what kind of, what sort of, what, which, of what kind, of what sort, to what kind of, to what sort of, to what, to which
Notes: This word is an interrogative adjective, meaning 'what kind of' or 'what sort of'. It is used to ask about the quality, nature, or type of something. It can also function as an indefinite adjective, meaning 'some kind of' or 'a certain kind of', though less commonly in this form. In the provided examples, it is used in an interrogative sense, asking about the nature of the 'words' (λόγοις).
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΟΠΟΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΠΟΙΟΣ (poios) is derived from the interrogative pronominal stem *po-, which is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷo-, meaning 'who, what'.
G4487
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: RHEM-ah-sin
Translations: to a word, to words, to a saying, to sayings, to a thing, to things
Notes: This word refers to a word, saying, or thing. It is often used in the context of spoken or written communication, referring to the content or message. It can also refer to a matter or affair. This is an inflected form of the noun 'rhema'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΙΣ, ΕΠΕΣΙΝ
G2065
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-roh-TEE-soh
Translations: I will ask, I will question, I will request, I will inquire
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to ask' or 'to question'. It can also imply 'to request' or 'to inquire'. It is used when someone seeks information or makes a petition. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to the act of asking a question or making an inquiry.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Future Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From a presumed compound of ERO (to speak) and TAO (to stretch, extend). It originally meant to stretch out to speak, hence to ask or question.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-ON
Translations: Lord, a Lord
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΝ (KYRION), meaning 'Lord'. It is the accusative singular form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (KYRIOS), which means 'Lord' or 'Master'. It is used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, or sometimes to a human master or owner. In the provided context, it is used with the accusative article 'ΤΟΝ', indicating it is the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
Etymology: From ΚΥΡΟΣ (KYROS), meaning 'power' or 'authority'. It refers to one who has power or authority, hence 'lord' or 'master'.
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G2433
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hee-lah-TEV-see-teh
Translations: you may be propitiated, you may be atoned for, you may make propitiation, you may make atonement
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make propitiation' or 'to atone'. It refers to the act of appeasing a deity or making amends for sin, often through a sacrifice or ritual. It implies bringing about reconciliation or forgiveness. In a sentence, it would describe the action of someone performing such a propitiatory act.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Subjunctive, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΞΙΛΑΣΚΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ
Etymology: The word derives from the Greek root ἵλαος (hilaos), meaning 'gracious' or 'propitious'. It evolved to describe actions that make someone or something gracious or favorable.
G4823
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: soom-boo-LEH-oo-MEH-noo
Translations: counseling, advising, consulting, deliberating, planning, of one counseling, of one advising
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'symbouleuo', meaning 'to counsel', 'to advise', 'to consult', or 'to deliberate'. It describes an action that is ongoing or has just occurred, often functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. In this form, it indicates 'one who is counseling' or 'one who is being advised/consulted', depending on the voice.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Middle or Passive Voice, Present Tense
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word 'symbouleuo' is a compound word formed from 'syn' (σύν), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'bouleuo' (βουλεύω), meaning 'to take counsel' or 'to deliberate'. The root 'bouleuo' comes from 'boule' (βουλή), meaning 'counsel' or 'plan'.
G1252
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: dee-ah-KREE-non-tos
Translations: distinguishing, discerning, judging, separating, hesitating, doubting
Notes: This word describes the action of distinguishing, discerning, or judging between things. It can also mean to separate or to hesitate/doubt. It is often used to describe someone who is making a decision or evaluating a situation.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Genitive
Synonyms: ΚΡΙΝΩ, ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ, ΧΩΡΙΖΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-ah
Translations: heart, a heart, mind, inner self, center
Notes: This word refers to the physical organ, the heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the inner person, the seat of thoughts, emotions, will, and moral character. It can represent the mind, soul, or the core of one's being. It is often used metaphorically to describe the center of something, like the 'heart of the sea'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'heart'.
G0991
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: BLEH-poh
Translations: see, look, perceive, behold, beware, consider, discern, take heed
Notes: This verb means to see, look, or perceive, often with an emphasis on the act of looking or the mental perception of something. It can be used to describe physical sight, but also to understand, discern, or pay attention to something. It is frequently used in the imperative to mean 'beware' or 'take heed'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular. As a verb, it inflects for person, number, tense, mood, and voice.
Synonyms: ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΩ
Etymology: From an unstated root, possibly related to the idea of 'to look' or 'to see'. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of usage.
G2713
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: kah-teh-NAN-tee
Translations: opposite, before, in front of, over against, in the presence of
Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a preposition, indicating a position directly facing or opposite to something or someone. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. It describes being in the presence of, or confronting, another entity.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΑΠΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΑΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ
Etymology: This word is a compound formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the adverb ΕΝΑΝΤΙ (enanti), meaning 'opposite' or 'before'.
G2515
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-THEH-dran
Translations: a chair, a seat, a throne
Notes: This word refers to a chair, seat, or throne. It is used to denote a place where one sits, often implying a position of authority or teaching, such as a teacher's chair or a ruler's throne. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΡΟΝΟΣ, ΕΔΡΑ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΕΔΡΑ (kathedra) comes from the Greek preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἕδρα (hedra), meaning 'seat' or 'sitting'. Thus, it literally means 'a sitting down' or 'a seat'.
G3022
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: LEF-keen
Translations: white, a white, bright, shining
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΛΕΥΚΗΝ (leukēn), which is the accusative singular feminine form of the adjective ΛΕΥΚΟΣ (leukos). It describes something as white, bright, or shining. It is used to modify feminine nouns in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it could describe 'a white hair' or 'a white throne'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΓΥΡΟΣ, ΦΑΕΙΝΟΣ
G1537, G1803
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: eks
Translations: out of, from, by, of, six
Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ
Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.
G2053
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-REE-ohn
Translations: of wool, woolen
Notes: This word refers to wool or something made of wool. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or material, such as 'of wool' or 'woolen (things)'. It describes the material from which something is made or a characteristic related to wool.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἔριον (erion) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erh₃- meaning 'wool'. It is related to other words for wool in various Indo-European languages.
G5510
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: khee-OH-nee-nohn
Translations: of snow, of snowy, of snow-white
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'snowy' or 'snow-white', derived from the noun 'snow'. It describes something that is made of snow or has the color of snow. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its quality or origin, and would agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΕΥΚΟΣ, ΧΙΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΧΙΟΝΙΝΟΣ (chioninos) is derived from the noun ΧΙΩΝ (chiōn), meaning 'snow'. The suffix -ινος (-inos) is used to form adjectives indicating material or origin, thus 'made of snow' or 'snowy'.
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: gen-GON-yee-an
Translations: unknown, possibly a misspelling of 'having become' or 'kneeling'
Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a highly unusual form. It is not a standard Koine Greek word. Given the letters, it might be a garbled form of a word related to 'γίνομαι' (to become, to be born) or 'γονυπετέω' (to kneel). If it were related to 'γίνομαι', a form like 'γεγονυῖαν' (gegonuian) would be the perfect active participle, feminine, singular, accusative, meaning 'having become'. If it were related to 'γονυπετέω', it would mean 'kneeling'. However, the repeated 'ΓΕΝΓΟΝΥΙΑΝ' is not a recognized form in Koine Greek. It is most likely a scribal error or a very rare variant.
Inflection: Unknown, but if it were 'γεγονυῖαν', it would be Perfect Active Participle, Singular, Accusative, Feminine.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: geh-GON-oo-ee-ahn
Translations: having become, having happened, having come into being, having been, a thing that has happened, a thing that has come into being
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having become' or 'having happened'. It describes something that has already come into existence or taken place. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb, and often implies a state resulting from a past action. In the provided examples, it refers to an 'atrocity that had occurred' or 'cruelty that had happened'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Perfect Active Participle
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΗΝ, ΟΥΣΑΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΑΝ
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: meh-GAH-len
Translations: great, large, mighty, a great, a large, a mighty
Notes: This word describes something as being great in size, importance, or intensity. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating that the noun possesses the quality of greatness. For example, it can refer to a large city, a significant event, or a powerful emotion.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EEL-then
Translations: he came, she came, it came, he went, she went, it went
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'he/she/it came' or 'he/she/it went'. It is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), which means 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes a completed action of movement in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΗΚΕΝ, ΕΒΗ
Etymology: The verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move' or 'to go'.
G1135
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: goo-NAY
Translations: woman, a woman, wife, a wife
Notes: This word refers to a female human being, typically an adult. It can be used generally for 'woman' or specifically for 'wife' in the context of marriage. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΗΛΥΣ, ΝΥΜΦΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'woman'. It is related to words for 'woman' in many Indo-European languages.
G4245
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRES-by-tays
Translations: elders, old men, ambassadors
Notes: This word refers to older men, often those holding a position of authority or respect within a community, such as religious leaders or civic officials. It can also refer to ambassadors or representatives, emphasizing their role as experienced and authoritative figures. The form provided is plural, indicating multiple individuals.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΟΕΣΤΩΤΕΣ
G2441
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hee-MAH-tis-mah
Translations: clothing, garment, clothes, a garment
Notes: This noun refers to clothing or a garment. It is used to describe an article of dress or attire in general. It can refer to a single piece of clothing or to a collection of clothes.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΜΑ, ΕΣΘΗΣ, ΣΤΟΛΗ
Etymology: Derived from the verb 'ΙΜΑΤΙΖΩ' (himatizo), meaning 'to clothe', which itself comes from 'ΙΜΑΤΙΟΝ' (himation), meaning 'garment' or 'cloak'.
G2441
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-mah-tees-MOH
Translations: (to) clothing, (to) raiment, (to) apparel, (to) a garment
Notes: This word refers to clothing or raiment, encompassing any kind of apparel worn by a person. It is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for', or simply as the object of a preposition like 'in' or 'with' when referring to being clothed in something.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΜΑ, ΣΤΟΛΗ, ΕΣΘΗΣ
G2986
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: lam-pro-TA-toh
Translations: most bright, most brilliant, most splendid, most glorious, most radiant, most clear
Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'bright' or 'splendid'. It describes something as being the brightest, most brilliant, or most glorious among others. It is used to emphasize an extreme degree of brightness, splendor, or clarity.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Superlative
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΠΡΟΤΑΤΟΣ, ΛΑΜΠΡΟΝ
Etymology: From the Greek word λάμπω (lampō), meaning 'to shine' or 'to be bright'.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: EKH-oo-sah
Translations: having, holding, possessing, being, wearing, containing, keeping, a having, a holding
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ΕΧΩ' (echo), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state of the subject. It can be translated as 'having,' 'holding,' or 'possessing,' and often indicates a continuous or ongoing action. For example, it might describe someone 'having' a certain quality or 'holding' an object.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G0976
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEEB-lee-on
Translations: book, scroll, a book, a scroll
Notes: This word refers to a book or a scroll, which was the common form of written material in ancient times. It is a diminutive of the word βίβλος (biblos), meaning 'papyrus' or 'book'. It is used to denote a written document, a record, or a volume of text. For example, one might read 'the book' or 'the scroll' of a prophet.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΟΣ, ΓΡΑΦΗ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek βίβλος (biblos, “papyrus, book”), which is thought to be of Egyptian origin, referring to the city of Byblos, a Phoenician city known for exporting papyrus.
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEI-ras
Translations: hands, a hand
Notes: This is an inflected form of the Koine Greek noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. In this form, 'ΧΙΡΑΣ' typically functions as the accusative plural, referring to multiple hands as the direct object of a verb. It can also, less commonly, be interpreted as the nominative or accusative singular form of a first declension noun, but given the root 'χείρ', the accusative plural is the most common and appropriate interpretation.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΞΙΑ, ΠΑΛΑΜΗ
G2523
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-KAH-thi-seh
Translations: he sat, he sat down, he took his seat
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'kathizō', meaning 'to cause to sit' or 'to sit down'. It describes a completed action in the past, indicating that someone (he/she/it) sat down or took a seat. It can be used transitively (to seat someone) or intransitively (to sit oneself).
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ
G3438
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MOH-nay
Translations: abode, dwelling place, mansion, room, a dwelling place
Notes: This word refers to a dwelling place, a residence, or a temporary lodging. It can also denote a stopping place or a stage on a journey. In a theological context, it is famously used to describe the 'mansions' or 'rooms' in the Father's house, signifying a permanent dwelling or resting place.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΜΑ, ΤΟΠΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb μένω (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. It refers to a place where one remains or dwells.
G782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ahs-PAH-zeh-teh
Translations: he greets, she greets, it greets, he salutes, she salutes, it salutes, he embraces, she embraces, it embraces, he welcomes, she welcomes, it welcomes
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to greet,' 'to salute,' 'to embrace,' or 'to welcome.' It is often used in the context of exchanging greetings or showing affection and respect. It can also imply a warm reception or a farewell.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word comes from a compound of the prefix 'α-' (a-, intensive) and 'σπάω' (spaō, 'to draw, to pull'). The original sense might have been 'to draw to oneself,' leading to the meaning of embracing or greeting.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb Ending
Sounds like: MAI
Translations: I am, I am being, I myself
Notes: This is a common verb ending in Koine Greek, specifically indicating the first person singular (I) in the middle or passive voice. It is used to form various tenses and moods, such as the present indicative middle/passive, or the perfect indicative middle/passive. It signifies that the subject is either performing an action on themselves (middle voice) or is receiving the action (passive voice).
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Middle or Passive Voice, Indicative or Subjunctive or Imperative or Optative Mood
Etymology: This ending is derived from Proto-Indo-European *-(m)ai, a primary middle voice ending. It evolved from earlier forms of Greek, maintaining its function to denote the first person singular in the middle or passive voice.
G2079
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ER-ma
Translations: a support, a prop, a stay, a foundation, a reef, a rock, a shoal
Notes: This word refers to something that provides support or stability, like a prop or a foundation. It can also refer to a reef or a rock, especially one that is submerged and acts as a hazard or a base. In a figurative sense, it can denote a firm basis or something that provides stability.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΣ, ΘΕΜΕΛΙΟΣ, ΣΤΗΡΙΓΜΑ
Etymology: The word "ΕΡΜΑ" is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the verb ἐρείδω (ereidō), meaning "to prop, to lean upon."
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHE-rai
Translations: hands, (in) hands, (with) hands, (by) hands
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. It indicates the hands as the instrument or location of an action. It is often translated with prepositions like 'in', 'with', or 'by' to convey its dative case function.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
G5463
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KHAH-ee-roh
Translations: rejoice, be glad, be well, hail, farewell
Notes: This verb means to rejoice, be glad, or be well. It is often used as a greeting, similar to "hail" or "greetings," and can also be used as a farewell, meaning "farewell" or "goodbye." It expresses a state of joy or well-being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular; also functions as an imperative (rejoice!, hail!)
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: From a primary verb, probably from the root of χάρις (charis, "grace"), meaning to be cheerful, to be in a state of grace or favor.
G2799
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KLAI-oh
Translations: weep, cry, lament, mourn
Notes: This verb means to weep, cry, or lament. It describes the act of shedding tears, often due to sorrow, grief, or distress. It can be used in various contexts where someone expresses deep emotion through crying.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΑΚΡΥΩ, ΘΡΗΝΕΩ, ΟΔΥΡΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From an imitative root, perhaps related to the sound of wailing. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of usage.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-pon
Translations: I said, I spoke, said, spoke
Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates a completed action in the past, often translated as 'I said' or 'I spoke'. It is a common verb used to report direct or indirect speech.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
Etymology: The aorist stem εἶπον (eîpon) is a suppletive form, meaning it comes from a different root than the present tense forms of 'to say' (like λέγω). It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *wekw-, meaning 'to speak'.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: koo-REE-ah
Translations: lady, mistress, a lady, a mistress, Lord, master
Notes: This word is the feminine form of the noun 'κύριος' (kyrios), meaning 'lord' or 'master'. It can refer to a female head of a household, a mistress, or a lady of high standing. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'lordly' or 'authoritative'. In some contexts, it can refer to the Lord (God) in a more general sense, or to a female deity.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΙΝΑ, ΚΥΡΑ
G5463
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KHAH-ee-reh
Translations: rejoice, be glad, hail, greetings
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad'. It is often used as a greeting, similar to 'Hail!' or 'Greetings!' in English, expressing a wish for someone to be well or happy. It can also be used as an imperative command to express joy or happiness.
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-pen
Translations: he said, she said, it said, he spoke, she spoke, it spoke
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone has said in the past. For example, 'he said' or 'she spoke'. It is a common way to introduce direct or indirect speech in a narrative.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G4765
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: STOO-gnoce
Translations: gloomy, sad, sullen, a gloomy, a sad, a sullen
Notes: This word describes someone or something as having a gloomy, sad, or sullen appearance or disposition. It is used to indicate a state of dejection or a severe, forbidding look. It can be applied to a person's face or general demeanor.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΗΦΗΣ, ΣΚΥΘΡΩΠΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΛΥΠΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb στυγέω (stygeō), meaning 'to hate, to dread, to be grieved'. It describes a state of being that evokes dread or sadness.
G2060
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: HER-mas
Translations: Hermas
Notes: Hermas is a masculine proper noun, referring to a specific individual. In the New Testament, Hermas is mentioned as a Christian in Rome to whom Paul sends greetings. It is used to identify a person by name.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The name Hermas is of Greek origin, derived from Hermes, the name of the Greek god. It was a common personal name in the ancient world.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G3116
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: mah-kroh-THOO-mos
Translations: longsuffering, patient, forbearing
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'μακρός' (makros), meaning 'long', and 'θυμός' (thymos), meaning 'temper' or 'spirit'. It describes someone who is patient and able to endure difficulties, provocations, or delays without becoming angry or giving up. It is often used to describe God's patience and forbearance.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΞΙΚΑΚΟΣ
Etymology: From the Greek words 'μακρός' (makros, 'long') and 'θυμός' (thymos, 'temper, spirit'). It literally means 'long-tempered' or 'having a long spirit'.
G0795
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: as-toh-MAH-khee-tos
Translations: unconquerable, invincible, indomitable, unyielding, unsubdued
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning unconquerable or invincible. It describes something that cannot be overcome or subdued, often referring to a spirit, will, or force that is unyielding. It is formed from the alpha privative (α-) meaning 'not' or 'without', combined with a root related to 'stomach' or 'courage', implying a lack of being overcome or having one's spirit broken.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΙΚΗΤΟΣ, ΑΗΤΤΗΤΟΣ
G3842
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAN-toh-teh
Translations: always, at all times, ever
Notes: This word means 'always' or 'at all times'. It is used to indicate that an action or state is continuous or happens without exception. For example, one might say 'he always speaks the truth' or 'she is always joyful'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΕΙ, ΔΙΑΠΑΝΤΟΣ
Etymology: From πᾶς (pas, “all”) and ὅτε (hote, “when”). It literally means 'at all times'.
G1071
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GEH-lo
Translations: laughter, a laughter, ridicule, a ridicule
Notes: This word refers to the act of laughing or the sound produced by laughing. It can also denote an object of ridicule or scorn. It is used to describe both positive and negative forms of amusement or derision.
Inflection: Nominative or Accusative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΛΕΥΗ, ΜΩΚΟΣ
Etymology: This word comes from an ancient Indo-European root meaning 'to laugh'.
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-toh
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in like manner
Notes: This word is an adverb of manner, indicating how something is done or the way in which something occurs. It can also refer to the extent or degree of something. It is often used to introduce a consequence or a comparison, meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It is an older form of ΟΥΤΩΣ, and both forms are used interchangeably in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos, 'this'). It indicates 'in this manner' or 'thus', referring back to something previously mentioned or implied.
G2701
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kah-TEE-fays
Translations: downcast, dejected, sad, gloomy
Notes: This adjective describes someone who is downcast, dejected, or gloomy, often with a visible expression of sadness. It refers to a state of emotional distress or sorrow that is evident in one's demeanor.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΚΥΘΡΩΠΟΣ, ΣΤΥΓΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down', and a root related to φημί (phēmi), meaning 'to speak' or 'to show', suggesting a 'downward showing' or 'downward looking'.
G2709
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kah-TEE-fays
Translations: downcast, gloomy, sad, dejected, sorrowful
Notes: This word describes someone who is downcast, gloomy, or dejected in appearance or mood. It implies a visible sadness or sorrow, often reflected in one's countenance or demeanor. It is used to describe a person who is not cheerful or joyful.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΚΥΘΡΩΠΟΣ, ΣΤΥΓΝΟΣ, ΛΥΠΗΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΗΦΗΣ (katēphēs) is derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down', and a root related to φάος (phaos) or φῶς (phōs), meaning 'light', or φημί (phēmi), meaning 'to speak'. It literally means 'looking down' or 'down-faced', referring to a person whose gaze is directed downwards due to sadness or shame.
G2397
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-DEH-ah
Translations: form, appearance, kind, sort, nature, idea, a form, an appearance, a kind, a sort
Notes: The word 'ΙΔΕΑ' (idea) refers to the outward appearance or visible form of something. It can also denote a type, kind, or sort of thing, classifying it based on shared characteristics. In philosophical contexts, it can refer to an abstract concept or a mental image, though its primary usage in Koine Greek often leans towards the physical or observable aspect. It is used to describe what something looks like or what category it belongs to.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΟΡΦΗ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΣΧΗΜΑ
Etymology: The word 'ΙΔΕΑ' comes from the Greek verb 'ΕΙΔΩ' (eido), meaning 'to see' or 'to know'. It originally referred to that which is seen, hence 'form' or 'appearance'.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OOKH
Translations: no, not, never, by no means
Notes: This word is a negative adverb used to express absolute negation. It is typically used before a vowel with a rough breathing mark (like 'ουχί' or 'οὐχ') or before a consonant with a smooth breathing mark (like 'οὐκ'). It denies a statement or fact, indicating that something is not true or does not exist. It can be used to negate verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΚ
Etymology: This word is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂u- meaning 'not'. It is an ancient Greek negative particle.
G2431
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hi-LAH-ross
Translations: cheerful, joyful, glad, a cheerful person
Notes: This word describes someone who is cheerful, joyful, or glad. It can be used to describe a person's disposition or their state of mind. For example, one might be described as 'cheerful in spirit' or 'glad to give'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΩΝ, ΧΑΙΡΩΝ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΩΝ
Etymology: From hilaros (cheerful), possibly from a root meaning 'to be gracious' or 'to be propitious'.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-po
Translations: I said, I spoke, I told, I commanded
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to say', 'to speak', or 'to tell'. It is often used to introduce direct or indirect speech, or to convey a command or instruction. It is an aorist form, indicating a completed action in the past.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΙΠΟ (eipo) is an aorist form of the verb ΛΕΓΩ (lego), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. Its origin can be traced back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking or collecting.
G3680
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-ney-di-SMOSS
Translations: reproach, disgrace, insult, reviling, a reproach, an insult
Notes: This word refers to the act of reproaching, insulting, or disgracing someone. It signifies the state of being subjected to scorn, contempt, or public shame. It can also refer to the specific words or actions that constitute such an insult or disgrace.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΙΣΧΥΝΗ, ΥΒΡΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΜΑ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-GOH-nen
Translations: has become, has happened, has come to pass, was, came into being
Notes: ΓΕΓΟΝΕΝ is the third person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai). It describes an action that has been completed in the past but has ongoing results or a continuing state in the present. It can mean 'has become,' 'has happened,' or 'has come into being,' often implying a state of existence or a new reality that has resulted from a past event.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
Etymology: The verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-, meaning 'to beget, to produce, to be born.' It is related to words signifying birth, origin, and coming into existence.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G1135
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: goo-neh-KOS
Translations: of a woman, of a wife, of a female
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'woman' or 'wife'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of a woman' or 'belonging to a woman'. It can also refer to a female in general.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G1135
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: goo-NAI-koss
Translations: of a woman, of the woman, of a wife, of the wife
Notes: This word refers to a woman or a wife. As a genitive noun, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. For example, it could be used in phrases like 'the house of the woman' or 'the son of the wife'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The word ΓΥΝΗ (gynē) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a woman or wife. It is related to similar words in other Indo-European languages.
G0018
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-gah-THOH-tah-tays
Translations: (of) the best, (of) the most good, (of) the most excellent
Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'ΑΓΑΘΟΣ' (agathos), meaning 'good'. As a superlative, it means 'best' or 'most good/excellent'. It describes something or someone as possessing the highest degree of goodness or excellence. It would be used to modify a feminine noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Superlative
Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ, ΚΑΛΛΙΣΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΑΓΑΘΟΣ' (agathos) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has been used since ancient times to denote moral goodness, excellence, and usefulness.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: leh-GOO-sees
Translations: of saying, of speaking, of telling, of one saying, of one speaking, of one telling
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say,' 'to speak,' or 'to tell.' As a genitive feminine singular participle, it describes the action of a female subject or a feminine noun in the genitive case. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of one who is saying' or 'of her who is speaking.'
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΣΗΣ, ΦΩΝΟΥΣΗΣ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G264
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hay-MAR-ton
Translations: I sinned, they sinned
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to sin' or 'to miss the mark'. It is used to describe an action of wrongdoing or failure to meet a standard. In the provided examples, it is used in the past tense, indicating that the action of sinning has already occurred. It can refer to a singular 'I' or a plural 'they' depending on the context.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΕΩ, ΠΛΑΝΑΩ
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-fay
Translations: he said, she said, it said, he spoke, she spoke, it spoke
Notes: This is a common verb form meaning 'he/she/it said' or 'he/she/it spoke'. It is used to introduce direct or indirect speech, indicating what someone or something stated. It is often found at the beginning of a quote or a reported statement.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΕΙΠΕΝ, ΛΕΓΕΙ
G3367
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: may-da-MOHS
Translations: by no means, in no way, not at all, never
Notes: This adverb emphasizes a strong negation, meaning 'by no means' or 'not at all'. It is used to express a firm refusal or prohibition, indicating that something should absolutely not happen or is absolutely not the case. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'μη' (not) and 'δαμως' (in any way).
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΑΜΩΣ, ΟΥΔΕΠΟΤΕ
Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΑΜΩΣ is an adverbial form derived from the adjective ΜΗΔΑΜΟΣ (medamos), meaning 'no one, nothing'. It is a compound of the negative particle ΜΗ (me, 'not') and ΔΑΜΟΣ (damos, related to 'any' or 'at all').
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EP-ee
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a
Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'
Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G1401
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOO-lon
Translations: slave, a slave, servant, a servant
Notes: This word refers to a slave or a servant. In ancient contexts, a 'slave' was someone who was owned by another person and compelled to serve them, often without pay. A 'servant' could be a broader term, sometimes referring to someone who willingly serves another, often in a position of humility or devotion, such as a servant of God. It is often used to describe a person in a position of subservience or obedience.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΘΕΡΑΠΩΝ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΗΣ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-OO
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for the word ΘΕΟΥ (Theou), meaning 'of God'. It is used to refer to the divine being, God, in the genitive case. In ancient Greek texts, nomina sacra were common contractions for frequently used sacred names and titles, indicating reverence and saving space. This form would typically be used in phrases like 'the house of God' or 'the power of God'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do, to place, to set', or possibly 'to shine'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for a deity or god.
G4229
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRAG-ma
Translations: thing, a thing, matter, deed, business, affair, event
Notes: This word refers to a 'thing' in a general sense, encompassing objects, events, actions, or matters. It can denote a concrete object, an abstract concept, a legal or business affair, or an accomplished deed. It is a neuter noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΧΡΗΜΑ, ΥΠΟΘΕΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the Greek verb πράσσω (prassō), meaning 'to do, to accomplish, to act'. It refers to something done or a result of an action.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, nevertheless, however, indeed
Notes: This word is primarily a conjunction used to introduce a contrast or opposition to what has just been stated. It can often be translated as 'but' or 'yet'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'on the contrary' or 'indeed', emphasizing a preceding statement or introducing a strong affirmation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ
Etymology: From the neuter plural of the adjective ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other'. It developed into a conjunction indicating distinction or opposition.
G3843
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAN-tohs
Translations: certainly, by all means, altogether, surely, doubtless, absolutely, entirely, at any rate
Notes: This word is an adverb derived from the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to emphasize certainty, totality, or necessity. It can be translated as 'certainly,' 'surely,' 'by all means,' or 'altogether,' indicating that something is definitely true or will definitely happen. It can also mean 'at any rate' or 'in any case,' suggesting a minimum level of certainty or action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΣΗ, ΠΑΝΤΗ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-an
Translations: heart, a heart
Notes: This word refers to the physical organ, the heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of a person's being, including their thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used metaphorically to represent the inner self or the core of one's personality. It can be used in contexts like 'to set in one's heart' meaning to ponder or decide, or 'to speak to one's heart' meaning to comfort or encourage.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G0305
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-NEH-bee
Translations: he went up, she went up, it went up, he ascended, she ascended, it ascended, he came up, she came up, it came up, he climbed, she climbed, it climbed
Notes: This word describes the action of going up, ascending, or climbing. It is a past tense form, specifically indicating a completed action in the past. It can be used to describe a person or thing moving upwards, such as ascending a mountain, going up to a city, or rising from a lower place.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEES
Translations: of her, of it, her, its
Notes: This word is a pronoun meaning 'of her' or 'of it', referring to a feminine noun or concept. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, similar to the English 'her' or 'its' when referring to a feminine antecedent. For example, 'the house of her' or 'her house'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is, exists
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It indicates existence, identity, or a state of being. It is commonly used to link a subject to a predicate, describing what the subject is or what state it is in. For example, it can mean 'he is' or 'it is', depending on the context.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1401
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOO-loys
Translations: to a slave, to a servant, to a bondservant, to slaves, to servants, to bondservants
Notes: This word refers to a slave, servant, or bondservant. It is used in the dative case, indicating the recipient or indirect object of an action. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He gave a gift to the servants.'
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΕΡΑΠΩΝ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΗΣ
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OW-tee
Translations: such, such a, such a kind of, of such a kind
Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to describe the quality or nature of a noun, indicating that it is of the type or character previously mentioned or implied. It functions similarly to 'this kind of' or 'that kind of' in English, often emphasizing a particular characteristic.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ
G1012
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BOO-lay
Translations: counsel, a counsel, plan, a plan, purpose, a purpose, will, a will, decision, a decision
Notes: This word refers to a counsel, a plan, a purpose, or a decision. It denotes the act of deliberating or the result of such deliberation, often implying a firm intention or resolution. It can be used in contexts referring to human plans or, more profoundly, to the divine will or purpose.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΜΑ, ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb βούλομαι (boulomai), meaning 'to will, wish, or purpose'. It refers to the act or result of willing or planning.
G0266
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-mar-TEE-an
Translations: sin, a sin, trespass, offense, guilt
Notes: This word refers to a sin, a trespass, or an offense against God's law or moral principles. It is often used in the context of moral or religious wrongdoing. It can be used to describe an act of sin or the state of being sinful.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ
G2021
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-FEH-roo-sah
Translations: bringing upon, bringing against, inflicting, adding, imposing, bringing forward, producing
Notes: This word is a present active participle, feminine, singular, nominative of the verb ἐπιφέρω (epipherō). It describes an action of bringing something upon or against someone or something, often with the sense of inflicting, imposing, or adding. It can also mean to bring forward or produce something, such as an argument or evidence. The meaning can vary slightly depending on the context and the case of the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ, ΕΙΣΦΕΡΩ
Etymology: The word ἐπιφέρω (epipherō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. Thus, it literally means 'to bear upon' or 'to carry to'.
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-NEE-rah
Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, malicious, an evil thing
Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, or harmful. It can refer to moral depravity, physical badness, or something that causes trouble or pain. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. In the provided examples, it describes 'counsel' (βουλευομενος) as evil and 'things' (implied) that one should not see as evil.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Vocative; or Neuter, Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ' comes from 'πόνος' (ponos), meaning 'toil, labor, pain'. It originally referred to something that caused toil or pain, and later evolved to mean 'evil' or 'wicked' in a moral sense.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G1607
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ek-PLEEK-tos
Translations: astonished, amazed, astounded, struck with amazement, an astonished person, an amazed person
Notes: This word describes someone who is struck with profound astonishment, amazement, or wonder, to the point of being overwhelmed or losing composure. It implies a state of being 'struck out' of one's normal senses due to an extraordinary event or revelation. It is often used to describe the reaction of people witnessing miracles or powerful teachings.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΑΜΒΟΣ, ΕΚΣΤΑΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΕΚΠΛΗΚΤΟΣ is derived from the verb ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ (ekplesso), meaning 'to strike out, to strike with panic, to amaze'. It is formed from the prefix εκ- (ek-), meaning 'out of', and the verb πλήσσω (plesso), meaning 'to strike' or 'to smite'.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pan-SEM-non
Translations: most venerable, most holy, all-revered, all-holy
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'most venerable' or 'most holy'. It is used to describe something or someone that is highly revered or sacred. It is a compound word formed from 'πᾶν' (pan), meaning 'all' or 'every', and 'σεμνός' (semnos), meaning 'venerable' or 'holy'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΕΝΤΙΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek prefix πᾶν (pan), meaning 'all' or 'every', and σεμνός (semnos), meaning 'venerable', 'holy', or 'revered'.
G4151
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PNEV-mah
Translations: spirit, a spirit, wind, a wind, breath, a breath
Notes: This word refers to 'spirit,' 'wind,' or 'breath.' In a physical sense, it can mean a gust of wind or the act of breathing. Theologically, it often refers to the Holy Spirit, a spiritual being, or the human spirit. It is a neuter noun and its meaning can vary depending on the context, from a literal breeze to a divine essence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ
Etymology: The word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ derives from the verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe,' 'to blow,' or 'to gasp.' It refers to something that is breathed or blown.
G2235
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AY-day
Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith
Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has already occurred. It emphasizes the immediacy or completion of an action or state. It can be used to mean 'already' in the sense of something having taken place before the expected time, or 'now' in the sense of 'at this very moment'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΡΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-d- (meaning 'already, now'). It is related to words meaning 'at that time' or 'then'.
G1381
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: deh-doh-kee-MAS-meh-noh
Translations: approved, tested, tried, genuine, a tested one, an approved one
Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'δοκιμάζω' (dokimazo), meaning 'to test, examine, approve'. As an adjective, it describes something or someone that has been thoroughly tested and found to be genuine, trustworthy, or approved. It implies a process of scrutiny leading to a positive outcome.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΟΚΙΜΟΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ
G1437
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eh-AHN
Translations: if, when, whenever, although
Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It often implies a condition that is possible or expected to occur, or a general truth. It can also be used to mean 'when' or 'whenever' in a general sense, or even 'although' in some contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΙ
Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an), which indicates potentiality or contingency. It combines these elements to form a conditional conjunction.
G1939
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-ee-thoo-MEE-see
Translations: desire, a desire, longing, a longing, lust, a lust, craving, a craving
Notes: This word is a noun that refers to a strong desire or longing. While it can sometimes be used in a neutral sense, it often carries a negative connotation, implying an inordinate or sinful craving, such as lust. It describes an intense yearning for something, whether good or bad.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΘΥΜΙΑ, ΟΡΕΞΙΣ, ΠΟΘΟΣ
G4190
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: po-nee-RON
Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, a wicked thing, an evil thing
Notes: This word describes something as evil, wicked, or bad. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun, or it can function as a noun itself, referring to an evil or wicked thing. It often implies something that is morally corrupt, harmful, or causing distress.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΝΟΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word comes from the Greek word πόνος (ponos), meaning 'toil, labor, distress, pain', suggesting something that causes pain or is the result of painful effort, thus leading to the meaning of 'evil' or 'wicked'.
G2041
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ER-gon
Translations: work, deed, act, task, labor, a work, a deed
Notes: This word refers to a work, deed, or action. It can encompass a wide range of activities, from physical labor and tasks to moral actions, accomplishments, or even the effects or results of an action. It is often used to describe something that is done or produced.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΙΣ, ΔΟΥΛΕΙΑ, ΚΑΤΕΡΓΟΝ
Etymology: From a primary (supposed) verb ERGO (to work); compare English 'erg' and 'energy'.
G3122
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MA-lis-TA
Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'
Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ
Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'
G1468
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: en-KRAH-tays
Translations: self-controlled, temperate, continent, a self-controlled person
Notes: This word describes someone who possesses self-control or self-mastery. It refers to the ability to restrain one's passions, appetites, or desires, particularly in areas like food, drink, or sexual conduct. It can be used to describe a person who is disciplined and temperate in their habits.
Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular
Synonyms: ΣΩΦΡΩΝ, ΕΓΚΡΑΤΕΙΑ
Etymology: Derived from the preposition ΕΝ (en, 'in') and ΚΡΑΤΟΣ (kratos, 'strength, power'). It literally means 'having power in oneself' or 'master of oneself', referring to inner strength and control.
G0567
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-KHO-meh-nos
Translations: abstaining, refraining, holding oneself off, keeping oneself from
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'απεχω' (apechō). It describes someone who is actively holding themselves away from something, abstaining, or refraining. It implies a conscious decision to keep oneself separate or distant from an action or object.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Present, Middle/Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΑΠΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΑΦΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sees
Translations: of all, of every, of the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to describe a noun, indicating that the noun refers to the entirety of something or every instance of it. It agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used when referring to a singular feminine noun in the genitive case, often indicating possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G1939
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-pee-thoo-MEE-ahs
Translations: (of) desire, (of) lust, (of) longing, (of) craving
Notes: This word refers to a strong desire or longing, which can be either positive (a good desire) or negative (a sinful lust). It often denotes an intense craving or passion. The meaning depends heavily on the context in which it is used.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΡΕΞΙΣ, ΠΑΘΟΣ, ΗΔΟΝΗ
G4190
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-nee-RAS
Translations: of evil, of wicked, of bad, of a wicked thing, of a wicked person
Notes: This word describes something that is evil, wicked, or bad in a moral sense. It can refer to a person, an action, or a quality that is harmful or morally corrupt. It is often used to describe the nature of sin or those who commit it.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ
G4134
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PLAY-rays
Translations: full, complete, filled, a full
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'full' or 'complete'. It describes something that is filled to capacity or lacking nothing. It can be used to describe a container that is full, a person who is full of a certain quality (like grace or wisdom), or a time that is complete.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΜΩΝ, ΠΕΠΛΗΡΩΜΕΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΠΛΗΡΗΣ (plērēs) comes from the verb πίμπλημι (pimplēmi), meaning 'to fill'. It describes the state of being filled or complete.
G0572
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-plo-TAY-toss
Translations: of simplicity, of sincerity, of generosity, of singleness, of purity
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being simple, sincere, or single-minded. It can also imply generosity or purity of motive. It is often used to describe a straightforward and unadulterated character or action, free from duplicity or hidden motives.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΙΛΙΚΡΙΝΕΙΑ, ΚΑΘΑΡΟΤΗΣ, ΑΚΑΚΙΑ
G0001
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-ka-KEE-as
Translations: of acacia, acacia
Notes: This word refers to the acacia tree or its wood. It is often used in the context of materials for construction, particularly in ancient texts describing the tabernacle or other sacred structures, where acacia wood was highly valued for its durability.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G3173
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-gah-lays
Translations: (of) great, (of) large, (of) mighty, (of) powerful
Notes: This word describes something that is large in size, great in importance, or intense in degree. It is used to modify feminine nouns in the genitive case, indicating possession, origin, or relationship.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ
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