Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint / Ezra (Alpha) / Chapter 2Ezra (Alpha), Chapter 2
Interlinear version from Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint (Beta)
G0936
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ohn-toss
Translations: of reigning, of ruling, of being king, of being a king, when he was reigning, when he was ruling, when he was king
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'βασιλεύω' (basileuō), meaning 'to reign' or 'to rule as king'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action and functions like an adjective or adverb. In the genitive case, as seen here, it often forms a genitive absolute construction, indicating the time or circumstances during which an action occurs, typically translated as 'when [someone] was reigning' or 'during the reign of [someone]'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΟΣ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΟΝΤΟΣ
G2954
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KOO-roo
Translations: of Cyrus
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Cyrus'. It refers to Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, who was king of Persia. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to 'of Cyrus' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G4067
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: PER-sohn
Translations: of Persians, Persians
Notes: This word refers to the people of Persia, an ancient empire. It is used to denote origin or possession, often appearing in phrases like 'King of the Persians'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The word 'Πέρσης' (Perses) is derived from the Old Persian word 'Pārsa', which was the name of the people and their land.
G2094
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-TOOS
Translations: of a year, of the year, of year
Notes: This word refers to a year, a period of twelve months. It is used to indicate a specific year or to describe events occurring within a particular year. As a genitive form, it often functions to show possession or relationship, such as 'of the year' or 'belonging to the year'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-too
Translations: of first, of the first, of the foremost
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'first' or 'foremost'. It is used to describe something that is initial, primary, or preeminent in order, time, or importance. In the provided examples, it refers to the 'first month'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΥ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΥ
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G4930
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soon-teh-LEH-ee-an
Translations: end, completion, consummation, close, a completion, an end
Notes: This word refers to the end or completion of a period of time or a process. It often implies a finality or a bringing to a close. It can be used to describe the end of an age, the completion of a task, or the consummation of an event.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΟΣ, ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑ
G4487
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: RHE-mah-tos
Translations: of a word, of a saying, of a thing, of a matter
Notes: This word refers to a word, a saying, or a spoken utterance. It can also refer to a thing or a matter, especially something that has been spoken or declared. It is a compound word, derived from the verb 'to speak'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΥ, ΕΠΟΥΣ
Etymology: From the Greek verb ῥέω (rheō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. It refers to that which is spoken or uttered.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-OO
Translations: of Lord, of the Lord, of God, of the Master
Notes: This word refers to a lord, master, or owner. In religious contexts, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, it is frequently used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, often as a title of reverence and authority. It can be used in sentences like 'the house of the Lord' or 'the word of the Lord'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (kyrios) derives from the root κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'power, authority'. It originally referred to someone who possessed authority or control, such as a master or owner, and later evolved to be used as a title for deities or rulers.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G4750
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: STOH-ma-tee
Translations: (to) mouth, (with) mouth, (by) mouth, (in) mouth, a mouth
Notes: This word refers to the mouth, the opening in the face used for speaking, eating, and breathing. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the instrument, location, or indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'with', 'by', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
G2408
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-eh-reh-MEE-oo
Translations: of Jeremiah
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Jeremiah'. Jeremiah was a major prophet in the Old Testament, and his prophecies are recorded in the Book of Jeremiah. The word refers to him or his writings.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: From Hebrew Yirmeyahu (יִרְמְיָהוּ), meaning 'Yahweh will uplift' or 'Yahweh will throw down'.
G1453
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-GAY-ren
Translations: he raised, she raised, it raised, he lifted, she lifted, it lifted, he woke, she woke, it woke, he stirred up, she stirred up, it stirred up
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to raise,' 'to lift up,' 'to awaken,' or 'to stir up.' It is used to describe an action performed by a single subject in the past, such as raising a person from sleep or death, lifting an object, or causing something to begin or intensify.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative Active
Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΥΨΟΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΓΕΙΡΩ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to rouse' or 'to awaken.' It is related to the idea of causing something to rise or stand up.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss
Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir
Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G4151
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PNEV-mah
Translations: spirit, a spirit, wind, a wind, breath, a breath
Notes: This word refers to 'spirit,' 'wind,' or 'breath.' In a physical sense, it can mean a gust of wind or the act of breathing. Theologically, it often refers to the Holy Spirit, a spiritual being, or the human spirit. It is a neuter noun and its meaning can vary depending on the context, from a literal breeze to a divine essence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ
Etymology: The word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ derives from the verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe,' 'to blow,' or 'to gasp.' It refers to something that is breathed or blown.
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ohs
Translations: (of) a king, (of) king
Notes: This word refers to a monarch or sovereign ruler. It is used to denote the leader of a kingdom or nation. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to a king' or 'from a king'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G2784
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-KAY-roox-en
Translations: he proclaimed, he preached, he announced, he published
Notes: This is a verb in the aorist active indicative, third person singular. It means 'he/she/it proclaimed' or 'he/she/it preached'. It describes an action of making something known publicly or officially, often with authority or a message.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΩ
G3650
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: HO-lay
Translations: whole, all, entire, a whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'whole,' 'all,' or 'entire.' It describes something as complete or undivided. It is used to indicate that something is taken in its entirety, without any part missing.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΠΑΝ, ΑΠΑΣ
Etymology: The word ὅλος (holos) comes from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- meaning 'whole, complete.'
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G0932
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ah
Translations: kingdom, reign, royal power, a kingdom
Notes: This word refers to a kingdom, royal rule, or sovereignty. It can denote the territory ruled by a king, the act of reigning, or the abstract concept of kingship or royal authority. It is often used in the New Testament to refer to the 'kingdom of God' or 'kingdom of heaven'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word βασιλεύς (basileus), meaning 'king'. It refers to the domain or authority of a king.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G0260
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: AH-mah
Translations: at the same time, together, with, at once, simultaneously
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'at the same time' or 'together'. It emphasizes simultaneity or togetherness of actions or people. It can also function as an improper preposition, taking the dative case, to mean 'together with' or 'with'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΥ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words signifying 'together' or 'at the same time' in various Indo-European languages.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G1125
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: grap-TON
Translations: of written things, of writings, of what has been written
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to write'. It refers to things that have been written or are in written form. It is used to describe the source or origin of something, indicating that it comes from written documents or records.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΩΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΩΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gerbh- 'to scratch, to carve'.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leh-GOHN
Translations: saying, speaking, telling
Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ
Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TA-deh
Translations: these things, thus, as follows
Notes: ΤΑΔΕ is the neuter plural form of the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is often used to introduce a statement, a list of items, or direct speech, functioning like 'thus' or 'as follows'. For example, 'thus says the Lord'. It can refer to things that are about to be said or have just been mentioned.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΤΟΙΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ὅδε (hode) is formed from the demonstrative pronoun ὁ (ho, 'this, that') and the deictic particle -δε (-de), which emphasizes proximity or immediate reference.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-ghei
Translations: says, speaks, he says, he speaks, she says, she speaks, it says, it speaks
Notes: This is a common Koine Greek verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is frequently used to introduce direct quotes or to state what someone (or something) is declaring. It is often translated as 'he says' or 'the Lord says' in biblical contexts.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS
Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign
Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.
G2959
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ross
Translations: Cyrus
Notes: This is the name of a historical Persian king, Cyrus the Great. He is known for conquering Babylon and allowing the Jewish exiles to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their temple. The name is used to refer specifically to this individual.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name 'Cyrus' is of Persian origin, derived from the Old Persian 'Kūruš'. It is believed to mean 'throne' or 'sun'.
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the accusative singular form of the first-person pronoun, meaning 'me'. It is used as the direct object of a verb or after certain prepositions that take the accusative case, indicating the recipient of an action or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
G0322
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-neh-DEIK-sen
Translations: appointed, showed, declared, revealed, designated, displayed
Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative third person singular form of the verb ἀναδείκνυμι. It means to appoint, designate, show, declare, or reveal. It is often used in contexts where someone is formally chosen or revealed for a position or task, or when something is made clear or displayed.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΔΕΊΚΝΥΜΙ, ΚΑΘΊΣΤΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΧΕΙΡΊΖΩ
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ah
Translations: king, a king
Notes: This word refers to a king, monarch, or ruler. It is used to denote the sovereign head of a state or people. In its accusative form, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G3625
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-koo-MEH-nays
Translations: of the inhabited earth, of the world, of the Roman Empire, of the inhabited land
Notes: This word refers to the inhabited earth, the world, or more specifically, the Roman Empire during the time of the New Testament. It is often used to denote the entire civilized world as known to the ancients, particularly the Roman Empire. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΟΥ, ΓΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ (oikoumenē) is the feminine present participle of the verb ΟΙΚΕΩ (oikeō), meaning 'to inhabit' or 'to dwell'. It literally means 'the inhabited (land)' and came to refer to the known world.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2474
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL
Translations: Israel
Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.
Inflection: Indeclinable
Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).
G5310
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: HYP-sis-tos
Translations: highest, most high, Most High, a Most High
Notes: This word means 'highest' or 'most high'. It is often used as a title for God, referring to Him as 'the Most High'. When used as an adjective, it describes something as being at the greatest height or having the highest rank. When used as a noun, it refers to the one who is supreme, typically God.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΩΤΑΤΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΤΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: Derived from the Greek word ὕψος (hypsos), meaning 'height' or 'summit'. ΥΨΙΣΤΟΣ is the superlative form, indicating the highest degree of height.
G4591
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: es-ay-MAY-nen
Translations: he signified, he showed, he indicated, he made known, he declared, he announced
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb ΣΗΜΑΙΝΩ, meaning 'to signify,' 'to show,' 'to indicate,' or 'to make known.' It refers to the act of conveying information, either through signs, words, or actions. In this form, it describes an action that was completed in the past by a singular subject, typically 'he,' 'she,' or 'it.'
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ
Etymology: The word ΣΗΜΑΙΝΩ derives from σῆμα (sēma), meaning 'sign' or 'mark.' It refers to the act of giving a sign or indicating something.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G3618
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oy-ko-do-MEH-say
Translations: to build, to construct, to erect, to edify, to strengthen
Notes: This word means to build a house or any structure. Metaphorically, it can refer to building up or strengthening someone, especially in a spiritual sense, or to promote growth and development. It is used to describe the act of construction or the process of edification.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΤΙΖΩ, ΑΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΕΓΕΙΡΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G3624
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OY-kon
Translations: house, a house, home, a home, household, a household, temple, a temple
Notes: This word refers to a dwelling place, a building where people live, or a household including its inhabitants and possessions. It can also refer to a temple or a place of worship. In the provided context, it is used in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb, often meaning 'to build a house' or 'into the house'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ
G2419
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-eh-roo-sah-LEEM
Translations: Jerusalem
Notes: This is the name of the ancient city of Jerusalem, a significant city in the history of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It is used to refer to the geographical location and often carries spiritual or symbolic meaning. It functions as a direct object or the object of a preposition in sentences, indicating location or destination.
Inflection: Often indeclinable
Etymology: From Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yerushaláyim), meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'.
G2449
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-yah
Translations: Judaea, Judea, a Judean woman, Jewish (feminine)
Notes: This word refers to the geographical region of Judaea, a historical area in the Southern Levant. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'Judean' or 'Jewish', specifically in its feminine form, referring to a woman from Judaea or a Jewish woman. In the provided examples, it clearly refers to the region of Judaea.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G5216
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MOHN
Translations: (of) you, your
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the second-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of you' or 'your' when referring to multiple people. It indicates possession, origin, or relationship concerning a group of people being addressed. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of you' (your house) or 'from among you'.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Genitive
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-noos
Translations: of a nation, of the nation, of a people, of the people, of a Gentile, of the Gentile, of a heathen, of the heathen
Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people, or a race, often used in the context of non-Israelite peoples or Gentiles. It can also refer to a group of people united by common descent, language, or culture. In the New Testament, it frequently distinguishes between Jews and non-Jews (Gentiles).
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ, ΓΕΝΟΣ
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'), suggesting a group united by common customs.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ess-TOH
Translations: let him be, let it be, be it, let her be
Notes: This word is the third person singular present active imperative form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to express a command, permission, or a wish for something to happen or for someone to be in a certain state. It can be translated as 'let him/her/it be' or simply 'be it'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Active, Imperative
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to
Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G0305
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-na-BAS
Translations: going up, having gone up, ascending, having ascended
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ἀναβαίνω, meaning 'to go up' or 'to ascend'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed, often functioning adverbially to modify a verb or adjectivally to describe a noun. It indicates someone who has performed the action of going up or ascending.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΛΘΩΝ, ΑΝΙΩΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G3618
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oy-ko-do-MEH-toh
Translations: let him build, let him erect, let him edify, let him restore
Notes: This word means to build a house or structure, to erect, or to restore. It is often used metaphorically to mean to build up or edify someone spiritually, referring to the act of strengthening or improving a person's character or faith. It is a compound word formed from 'house' and 'to build'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Imperative, Active
Synonyms: ΚΤΙΖΩ, ΑΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΕΓΕΙΡΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OO-tos
Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.
G2681
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-skay-NO-sas
Translations: having encamped, having lodged, having dwelt, having taken up residence
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to encamp,' 'to lodge,' or 'to dwell.' It describes the action of settling down in a place, often temporarily, like setting up a tent or taking up residence. It is formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb σκηνόω (skēnoō), meaning 'to pitch a tent' or 'to dwell.'
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΣΚΗΝΟΩ, ΟΙΚΕΩ, ΜΕΝΩ
Etymology: From κατά (kata, 'down, against') and σκηνόω (skēnoō, 'to pitch a tent, to dwell'). The root σκηνόω comes from σκηνή (skēnē, 'tent, tabernacle').
G3745
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective
Sounds like: OH-soy
Translations: as many as, all who, whoever, how many
Notes: This word functions as a relative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'as many as' or 'all who'. It introduces a relative clause and refers to a quantity or number of people or things. It is used to connect a dependent clause to a main clause, specifying the extent or number of the antecedent.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ὅς (hos, 'this, that') and the suffix -σος (-sos), indicating quantity or degree. It is related to other words indicating quantity or extent.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G5117
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TOH-poos
Translations: places, a place, regions, a region, localities, a locality
Notes: This word refers to a specific location, area, or region. It is commonly used to denote a physical space or a particular spot. In the provided examples, it is used in the plural to refer to multiple locations or areas.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΧΩΡΙΟΝ
G3611
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oy-KEW-sin
Translations: they dwell, they inhabit, they live, they reside
Notes: This word means 'to dwell,' 'to inhabit,' 'to live,' or 'to reside.' It describes the act of making a place one's home or living in a particular location. It is used to indicate that a group of people are living in or occupying a specific area.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΟΙΚΕΩ, ΖΑΩ, ΜΕΝΩ
G0997
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: boh-ay-THAY-toh-sahn
Translations: let them help, they must help, they should help
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to help' or 'to come to the aid of'. It is used to express a command or strong suggestion for a group of people to provide assistance. It implies an action of providing support or relief to someone in need.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Imperative
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΕΩ, ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΕΩ, ΑΡΩΓΕΩ
Etymology: From βοή (boē, 'a cry, shout') and θέω (theō, 'to run'). The original sense is 'to run to a cry for help'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G5117
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TOH-poh
Translations: to a place, in a place, at a place, a place
Notes: This word refers to a specific location, area, or region. It is often used to indicate where an action takes place or where something is situated. In the provided examples, it is used with the preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'at', to denote a specific location.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΟΙΚΟΣ
G5553
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khry-SEE-oh
Translations: to gold, for gold, with gold, by gold
Notes: This word refers to gold or something made of gold. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the indirect object, means, or instrument. For example, it could mean 'to gold' (as in giving something to gold), 'with gold' (as in adorned with gold), or 'by gold' (as in something achieved by means of gold).
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΧΡΥΣΙΟΝ, ΧΡΥΣΟΣ
G0694
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-GYOO-ree-oh
Translations: (to) silver, (with) silver, (by) silver, (for) silver, (to) money, (with) money, (by) money, (for) money, a silver, a money
Notes: This word refers to silver, either as the metal itself or, more commonly, as currency or money made of silver. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the recipient of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'with', 'by', 'to', or 'for'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΡΓΥΡΟΣ, ΚΕΡΜΑ
Etymology: The word ἈΡΓΥΡΙΟΝ (argyrios) is derived from the adjective ἀργύρεος (argyrios), meaning 'of silver', which in turn comes from ἄργυρος (argyros), meaning 'silver'.
G1394
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOH-seh-sin
Translations: gifts, giving, a gift, a giving
Notes: This word refers to the act of giving or the thing that is given, a gift. It is often used in contexts involving contributions, distributions, or presents. It can refer to both the action and the result of that action.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΔΩΡΕΑ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: meth
Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with
Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).
G2462
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hip-PON
Translations: (of) horses
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'ἵππος' (hippos), meaning 'horse'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of horses' or 'belonging to horses'. For example, one might speak of 'the strength of horses' or 'a company of horses'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
G2934
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KTEE-nohn
Translations: of animals, of beasts, of cattle
Notes: This word refers to animals, especially domesticated animals, livestock, or beasts of burden. It is used in a general sense to denote creatures that are not human. In the provided context, it refers to the 'wage of the animals,' indicating their economic value or contribution.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΖΩΟΝ, ΘΗΡΙΟΝ
G4862
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: soon
Translations: with, together with, along with
Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AL-loys
Translations: to others, for others, with others, other, another
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'with'. It is a common word used to distinguish one group or item from another.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition
Sounds like: KAT
Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during
Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.
G2171
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: yoo-KHAS
Translations: vows, prayers, wishes
Notes: This word is a noun referring to a solemn promise made to God or a petition/prayer offered to God. It is used to describe acts of devotion or requests made in a religious context.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΗ, ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, ΑΙΤΗΜΑ
G4369
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pros-teth-ee-MEH-noys
Translations: added, those who have been added, to those who have been added, for those who have been added
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been added' or 'those who have been added'. It describes something that has been joined, attached, or increased. In the provided examples, it refers to people or things that have been joined to a group or situation.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Dative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΟΛΛΩΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΠΡΟΣΕΤΕΘΗΣΑΝ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek προστίθημι (prostithemi), a compound of πρός (pros, 'to, toward') and τίθημι (tithemi, 'to put, place').
G2413
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ee-eh-RON
Translations: sacred, holy, consecrated, a sacred place, a temple, temple
Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'sacred,' 'holy,' or 'consecrated.' When used as a noun, it refers to a 'sacred place' or, more specifically, a 'temple.' It describes something set apart for religious purposes or dedicated to a deity.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΙΕΡΟΣ (hieros) comes from a pre-Greek substrate word, possibly related to the concept of 'strength' or 'power,' which became associated with divine power and sacredness.
G2525
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: kah-tah-STAY-san-tes
Translations: having appointed, having established, having set, having made, having constituted, having ordained
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'kathistēmi', meaning 'to appoint', 'to establish', or 'to set up'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, often functioning adverbially to indicate the circumstances or time of the main verb. It implies that the subjects of the action have completed the act of appointing or establishing something or someone.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΟΡΙΖΩ, ΤΑΣΣΩ
G0746, G5443
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-KHEE-phy-loy
Translations: chiefs of tribes, tribal chiefs, heads of tribes
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'archē' (chief, ruler) and 'phylē' (tribe, clan). It refers to the leaders or heads of tribes or clans. It is used to denote those in positions of authority over a tribal group.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΗΓΕΜΟΝΕΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G3966
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pa-tree-OHN
Translations: of ancestral, of traditional, of hereditary, of fathers, of ancestors
Notes: This word describes something that belongs to or is derived from one's fathers or ancestors. It refers to things that are ancestral, traditional, or hereditary, often in the context of customs, laws, or beliefs passed down through generations. It is used to indicate a connection to the past or to one's heritage.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΩΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙΩΝ
G2448
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH
Translations: Judah, of Judah
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Judah, the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, from whom the tribe of Judah descended. It can also refer to the tribe itself, the territory occupied by the tribe, or the southern kingdom of Judah. It is used to identify a person, a lineage, or a geographical region.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Vocative, Accusative, or Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: From Hebrew Yehudah (יְהוּדָה), meaning 'praised'.
G0958
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ben-ee-ah-MEIN
Translations: Benjamin
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Benjamin, the youngest son of Jacob and Rachel in the Old Testament. He was the founder of one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The name is often used to refer to the tribe or the territory associated with it.
Inflection: Indeclinable
Etymology: From Hebrew בִּנְיָמִין (Binyāmīn), meaning 'son of the right hand' or 'son of the south'.
G5443
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: foo-LEES
Translations: of a tribe, of a race, of a clan, of a nation
Notes: This word refers to a tribe, race, or clan, often denoting a division of people based on ancestry or shared characteristics. It is used to indicate belonging or origin, as in 'of the tribe of Judah'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΔΗΜΟΣ
G2409
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hee-EH-race
Translations: priests
Notes: This word refers to individuals who perform sacred rites and offer sacrifices, acting as intermediaries between people and the divine. In ancient contexts, priests were often associated with temples and religious cults, responsible for maintaining religious traditions and rituals.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΟΙ, ΘΥΤΗΡΕΣ
G3019
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: LEU-ee-tai
Translations: Levites, the Levites
Notes: This word refers to the Levites, members of the Hebrew tribe of Levi, who traditionally served as priests and assistants in the Temple. It is used to denote a group of these individuals.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tone
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) everyone, (of) everything, (of) the whole
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for a plural group, signifying 'of all' or 'belonging to all'. It can refer to people, things, or concepts, encompassing a complete set or totality.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: OHN
Translations: being, who is, which is, he who is, they who are
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It describes a state of being or existence, often functioning like an adjective or a noun. It can be translated as 'being' or 'who is/are' depending on the context, referring to someone or something that is in a particular state or performing an action of being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
G0305
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-na-BEE-nai
Translations: to go up, to ascend, to come up, to climb, to embark, to arise
Notes: This word describes the action of moving upwards, whether literally ascending a physical height, or metaphorically rising in status or appearing. It can also refer to embarking on a ship or coming up from a lower place, such as water or a valley. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἈΝΑ (ana), meaning 'up' or 'upwards', and the verb ΒΑΙΝΩ (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ἈΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ἈΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-OH
Translations: to the Lord, for the Lord, to the master, for the master, to an owner, for an owner
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, meaning 'Lord,' 'master,' or 'owner.' In the dative case, it typically indicates the indirect object of an action, the recipient, or the beneficiary. It is commonly used in religious contexts to refer to God or Jesus Christ, but can also refer to a human master or owner. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'to give thanks to the Lord' or 'to serve the master.'
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G4038
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-KOO-kloh
Translations: to surround, to encircle, to encompass
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'περί' (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and 'κυκλόω' (kykloō), meaning 'to encircle' or 'to surround'. It describes the action of forming a circle around something or someone, effectively enclosing or besieging them. It can be used in both a literal sense, like an army surrounding a city, or a more figurative sense, like troubles or dangers surrounding a person.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΚΥΚΛΕΥΩ, ΚΥΚΛΩ
Etymology: The word ΠΕΡΙΚΥΚΛΩ is a compound verb derived from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb κυκλόω (kykloō), meaning 'to encircle' or 'to surround', which itself comes from κύκλος (kyklos), meaning 'circle'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G0997
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-boh-AY-thay-sahn
Translations: they helped, they assisted, they came to the aid of
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to help,' 'to assist,' or 'to come to the aid of.' It describes the action of providing support or relief to someone in need. It is typically used with a dative object, indicating the person or thing being helped.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΕΩ, ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΕΩ, ΑΡΩΓΕΩ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sin
Translations: to all, for all, with all, by all, in all
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness, often modifying a noun to show that something applies to every member of a group or every part of a whole. In this dative plural form, it typically translates as 'to all', 'for all', 'with all', or 'in all', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G2462
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: IP-poys
Translations: to horses, for horses, with horses, by horses, horses
Notes: This word is a noun referring to a horse. In this inflected form, it is plural and in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action or the means by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to horses,' 'for horses,' 'with horses,' or 'by horses,' depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
G2934
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KTEE-neh-sin
Translations: (to) cattle, (to) beasts, (to) animals
Notes: This word refers to domestic animals, especially livestock or beasts of burden, but can also refer to animals in general. It is used here in the dative plural, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΖΩΟΝ, ΘΗΡΙΟΝ
G2171
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: yoo-KHAIS
Translations: prayers, vows, supplications
Notes: This word refers to prayers, supplications, or vows made to God. It is used in contexts where people are making earnest requests or solemn promises, often in a religious or spiritual sense. It can be used to describe the act of praying or the content of the prayer itself.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΉΣΕΙΣ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΑΊ
Etymology: From the verb εὔχομαι (euchomai), meaning 'to pray' or 'to vow'.
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PLAY-stais
Translations: (to) most, (to) very many, (to) very great
Notes: This word is the dative plural feminine form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. 'Πλεῖστος' (pleistos) is the superlative form, meaning 'most' or 'very many/great'. As a dative plural, it indicates the indirect object or instrument, often translated with 'to' or 'for', or simply as 'most' or 'very many' when used adverbially or as a substantive.
Inflection: Superlative, Dative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΑΜΠΟΛΛΟΙ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝΕΣ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOHN
Translations: of many, of much
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. As a genitive form, it often indicates possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions, translating to 'of many' or 'of much' depending on the context.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G3563
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOOS
Translations: mind, a mind, understanding, a faculty of understanding, reason, intellect, thought, a thought, purpose, a purpose
Notes: This word refers to the human mind, intellect, or faculty of understanding. It can also denote one's thoughts, purpose, or way of thinking. It is often used to describe the inner capacity for perception, judgment, and moral discernment.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: From an unstated root, likely related to the Proto-Indo-European root *sneh₁- meaning 'to think, to perceive'. It refers to the faculty of perception and understanding.
G1453
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-GER-thay
Translations: he was raised, he was awakened, he arose, he stood up
Notes: This word describes the action of being raised, awakened, or caused to stand up. It is often used in the context of someone rising from sleep, from a seated or lying position, or being raised from the dead. As a passive verb, the subject is the one who receives the action.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ
G1627
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eks-AY-nen-ken
Translations: brought out, produced, yielded, bore, carried out
Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb 'φέρω' (phero), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'. Therefore, it means 'to carry out', 'to bring forth', 'to produce', or 'to yield'. It is used to describe the action of bringing something from an inside location to an outside one, or of a plant producing fruit.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΞΑΓΩ, ΠΡΟΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G0040
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ah-GEE-ah
Translations: holy, sacred, a holy one, a holy thing
Notes: This word means 'holy' or 'sacred'. It is used to describe people, places, or things that are set apart for God or dedicated to religious purposes. It can also refer to a holy person or thing as a noun. It is the feminine singular form of the adjective 'ΑΓΙΟΣ' (hagios).
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΑΓΙΑ' comes from the root 'ΑΓΙΟΣ', which is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to venerate' or 'to dread'. It refers to that which is set apart or consecrated.
G4632
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SKEV-ee
Translations: vessel, a vessel, instrument, an instrument, implement, an implement, goods, baggage, equipment, furniture
Notes: This word refers to an object or implement used for a particular purpose, such as a container (vessel), a tool (instrument), or personal belongings (goods, baggage). It can also refer to household items or equipment. It is often used in the plural to denote a collection of such items.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΞΑΡΤΥΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΑ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΑ
Etymology: The word derives from the verb σκευάζω (skeuazō), meaning 'to prepare, make ready, or equip'. It is related to the idea of things that are prepared or made for use.
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix
Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)
Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-
Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).
Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.
Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.
G3329
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: met-ay-GAH-gen
Translations: he transferred, she transferred, it transferred, he removed, she removed, it removed, he led away, she led away, it led away, he carried over, she carried over, it carried over
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΜΕΤΑ (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and the verb ΑΓΩ (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. Together, it means to transfer, remove, or lead something from one place to another. It is used to describe the action of moving people or objects, often in a forceful or official manner, such as relocating populations or carrying away spoils.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΓΩ, ΕΞΑΓΩ, ΜΕΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ
Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΓΩ is a compound of the preposition ΜΕΤΑ (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and the verb ΑΓΩ (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. Its meaning is derived from the combination of these two elements, indicating a change of place or state.
G3474
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: nah-boo-kho-do-NO-sor
Translations: Nebuchadnezzar
Notes: This is the name of a famous king of Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar II, who reigned from approximately 605 to 562 BC. He is known for his military conquests, including the destruction of Jerusalem and the Babylonian captivity of the Jews, as well as for building the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine. This proper noun can inflect for case (e.g., Nominative, Genitive, Accusative).
Etymology: This name is of Babylonian origin, derived from Akkadian 'Nabu-kudurri-usur', meaning 'Nabu, protect my firstborn son' or 'Nabu, protect the boundary'. Nabu was the Babylonian god of wisdom and writing.
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: ex
Translations: out of, from, of, by, with
Notes: ἘΞ is a preposition that signifies origin, separation, or source. It always governs the genitive case. It can denote movement 'out of' a place, 'from' a point in time or a source, 'of' a material or composition, or 'by' an agent. It often implies a complete separation or a clear point of departure.
Inflection: Does not inflect; always takes the genitive case.
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with Latin ex and English out.
G2419
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-eh-roo-sa-GEEM
Translations: Jerusalem
Notes: This is the name of the capital city of ancient Judah and modern Israel, a significant religious and historical site for Jews, Christians, and Muslims. It is a proper noun and refers specifically to this city.
Inflection: Indeclinable
Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It is an ancient name that predates the Israelite settlement.
G0553
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-REI-sah-toh
Translations: deposited, placed, stored, laid up
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and the verb ἐρείδω (ereidō, 'to prop, to lean upon'). It means to deposit or place something firmly, often in a secure or designated location. It implies setting something down with a sense of permanence or storage. In the given context, it refers to placing sacred vessels in a temple or treasury.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ
Etymology: The word ἀπερείδω is formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἐρείδω (ereidō), meaning 'to prop, to lean upon, to fix firmly'. The combination suggests the action of firmly placing something away or in a specific spot.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TAH
Translations: them, these things, it, the same
Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun/adjective 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ' (autos). In this form, it functions as a neuter plural pronoun, meaning 'them' or 'these things', referring to inanimate objects or concepts. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'the same'. It typically serves as the subject or direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΙΝΑ
G1495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ay-DOH-lee-oh
Translations: in an idol temple, in a place of idols, to an idol temple, to a place of idols
Notes: This word refers to a place where idols are worshipped, such as an idol temple or a shrine dedicated to idols. It is the dative singular form of the noun 'eidōlion', which means 'idol' or 'image'. In this dative case, it indicates the location 'in' or 'at' an idol temple, or the direction 'to' an idol temple.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΑΟΣ
G1627
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: eks-en-ENG-kas
Translations: bringing out, carrying out, producing, bearing, having brought out, having carried out
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having brought out' or 'having carried out'. It describes an action completed in the past that has a bearing on the present situation. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of', and 'φέρω' (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. It is used to indicate the action of taking something from an inside place to an outside place, or to produce something.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΦΕΡΩ, ΕΚΚΟΜΙΖΩ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3860
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pah-reh-DOH-ken
Translations: handed over, delivered, gave up, betrayed, committed, entrusted
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΑΡΑ (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It generally means to hand something over to someone, to deliver, or to give up. Depending on the context, it can also mean to betray someone, to commit something to someone's care, or to entrust. It is often used in the sense of delivering someone into custody or handing over a tradition.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: mith-ri-DAH-tay
Translations: Mithridates, (to) Mithridates
Notes: Mithridates is a male proper name of Persian origin, meaning 'given by Mithra' or 'gift of Mithra'. It was the name of several historical figures, most notably Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus, who famously fought against the Roman Republic. In Koine Greek, it is used to refer to these individuals.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Mithridates is derived from Old Persian *Miθradāta-, meaning 'given by Mithra'. Mithra was an important deity in ancient Persian and Zoroastrian religion, associated with light, truth, and contracts.
G1438
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Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ah-TOO
Translations: (of) himself, (of) herself, (of) itself, (of) themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the one performing it. For example, 'he washed himself'. It is a compound word formed from the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos) and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou).
Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter. It can also be used for Feminine or Plural contexts, though the specific form 'ΕΑΥΤΟΥ' is genitive singular masculine/neuter.
Etymology: From the combination of the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self') and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou, 'of self').
G1049
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: gah-zoh-fy-LAH-kee
Translations: to a treasury, to a storehouse, to a treasure chamber, a treasury, a storehouse, a treasure chamber
Notes: This word refers to a treasury, a place where valuables are stored, or a storehouse. It is a compound word derived from 'γάζα' (gaza), meaning 'treasure', and 'φυλακή' (phylake), meaning 'a guarding' or 'a prison'. It is used to describe a place for keeping money, valuables, or other goods, often in a temple or royal palace.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΘΗΣΑΥΡΟΣ, ΤΑΜΕΙΟΝ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-too
Translations: of this, of him, of it
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun 'this' or 'he/she/it'. It indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of this' or 'of him/it', and is used to point out something specific that has already been mentioned or is understood from context.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΥ
G3860
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pah-reh-DOTH-ee-san
Translations: they were handed over, they were delivered, they were entrusted, they were betrayed
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hand over', 'to deliver', 'to entrust', or 'to betray'. In this form, it indicates that a group of people or things were subjected to the action of being handed over or delivered by someone else. It is often used in contexts of legal or military surrender, or the act of giving someone or something into the care or power of another.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: sah-nahs-SAH-roh
Translations: Sanassar, Sanassarus
Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely a name, possibly of a person or a place. It is not a standard Koine Greek word found in common lexicons. Its usage in the provided context suggests it refers to an individual, possibly a governor or leader, given the phrase 'ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΗ ΤΗΣ ἸΟΥΔΑΙΑΣ' (protector/ruler of Judea). It is possible this is a transliteration of a foreign name into Greek.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Etymology: This word is likely a transliteration of a foreign name into Greek, rather than a word with a Greek etymology. Its precise origin is not readily available in standard Greek etymological resources.
G4399
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pros-TAH-tay
Translations: protector, a protector, leader, a leader, ruler, a ruler, patron, a patron, guardian, a guardian, superintendent, a superintendent, (of) a protector, (to) a protector
Notes: This word refers to someone who stands before or presides over others, acting as a protector, leader, ruler, or patron. It can also mean a superintendent or guardian. It is used to describe someone in a position of authority or responsibility, often with the implication of providing care or oversight. The form ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΗ is an inflected form of the masculine noun ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine (of ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ); or Singular, Nominative, Vocative, or Dative, Feminine (if it were a feminine noun, but the root is masculine); or Singular, Dative, Masculine (of ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ)
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΤΗΣ
G2449
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-as
Translations: of Judea
Notes: This word refers to Judea, a historical region in the Southern Levant. In ancient times, it was the name of the mountainous southern part of the Kingdom of Judah, and later a Roman province. It is often used to specify the origin or location of something or someone.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-tone
Translations: of these, of them
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of these' or 'of them', referring to things or people previously mentioned or understood from context. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΩΝ
G0706
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-rith-MOS
Translations: number, a number
Notes: This word refers to a quantity, a count, or a total. It is used to denote how many of something there are, or a specific numerical value. For example, it can refer to the number of people, the number of days, or a specific number like 'sixty'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΠΟΣΟΝ
Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ri-dʰh₁-mo-, related to counting or fitting. It is connected to the verb ἀρέσκω (areskō), meaning 'to please' or 'to fit'.
G2258
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: HAYN
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was
Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes a continuous or ongoing state or action in the past. It can be translated as 'was', 'he was', 'she was', or 'it was', depending on the subject implied by the context. It is often used to set the scene or describe background information in a narrative.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular
G4690
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: spon-DEH-yah
Translations: libation-cup, a libation bowl, a bowl for libations, a libation
Notes: This word refers to a vessel or bowl used for pouring out libations, which were ritualistic drink offerings. It can also refer to the libation itself, though less commonly. It is typically used in contexts related to religious ceremonies or offerings.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΙΑΛΗ, ΚΡΑΤΗΡ
Etymology: The word ΣΠΟΝΔΕΙΟΝ (spondeion) is derived from ΣΠΟΝΔΗ (spondē), meaning 'a libation' or 'a drink offering'. It refers to something associated with or used for a libation.
G5553
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: KHROO-sah
Translations: golden, gold, things made of gold, golden things
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'golden' or 'made of gold'. It is often used to describe objects or materials that are composed of or covered in gold. In the provided examples, it appears to be used as a neuter plural adjective, functioning substantively to refer to 'golden things' or 'things made of gold'.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΧΡΥΣΕΟΣ, ΧΡΥΣΙΝΟΣ
G5505
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Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective
Sounds like: KHEE-lee-ah
Translations: thousand, a thousand
Notes: This word refers to the number one thousand. It is used as a numeral adjective, often appearing in the plural to denote a quantity of one thousand units of something. It can modify nouns, indicating a large number.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
G0692
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ar-GY-rah
Translations: silver, made of silver, silvery, of silver
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'made of silver' or 'silvery'. It describes something that is composed of or resembles silver. It can be used to describe objects, structures, or even qualities associated with silver, such as brightness or value. For example, one might speak of 'silver vessels' or 'silver battlements'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΓΥΡΟΥΣ, ΑΡΓΥΡΙΟΝ
Etymology: From the Greek word ἄργυρος (argyros), meaning 'silver'. This word is related to the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'white' or 'shining'.
G2376
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THOO-iss-kai
Translations: bowls, dishes, cups
Notes: This word refers to small bowls, dishes, or cups, often used for religious offerings or in a household context. It is typically found in the plural form, indicating multiple such vessels.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΙΑΛΑΙ, ΤΡΥΒΛΙΑ
G693
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ar-GY-rahee
Translations: silver, made of silver, silvery
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'made of silver' or 'silvery'. It describes something that is composed of silver or has the appearance of silver. It is often used to describe objects or materials.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΓΥΡΕΟΣ
Etymology: From ΑΡΓΥΡΟΣ (argyros), meaning 'silver'.
G1501
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: EYE-koh-see
Translations: twenty
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'twenty'. It is used to indicate a quantity of twenty units and is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change based on gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *wikm̥ti, meaning 'twenty'. It is related to Latin viginti and Sanskrit viṃśati.
G1767
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: EN-neh-ah
Translations: nine
Notes: This word is a cardinal number meaning 'nine'. It is used to indicate a quantity of nine units of something. For example, it can be used to describe nine people, nine objects, or nine days.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with Latin 'novem' and English 'nine'.
G5352
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fee-AH-lai
Translations: bowls, a bowl, dishes, a dish, cups, a cup
Notes: This word refers to a shallow bowl or dish, often used for libations or offerings, but also for holding liquids or food. It can also refer to a cup or a vial. In the provided examples, it appears to refer to vessels for spices or offerings.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΤΗΡΙΟΝ, ΣΚΕΥΟΣ
G5555
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: khry-SAI
Translations: golden, of gold
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'golden' or 'made of gold'. It is used to describe something that is either literally made of gold or has the color or quality of gold. It functions like other adjectives in a sentence, modifying a noun to describe its material or appearance.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine
G5144
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: tree-AH-kon-tah
Translations: thirty
Notes: This word means 'thirty' and is used to denote the number 30. It functions as an indeclinable numeral, meaning its form does not change regardless of the gender, case, or number of the noun it modifies. It is typically used to quantify nouns, indicating a quantity of thirty units.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From τρεῖς (treis, “three”) and a suffix related to -κοντα (-konta, “-ty”), indicating multiples of ten. It is cognate with Latin triginta and English thirty.
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Part of Speech: Numeral, Symbol
Sounds like: VEE
Translations: 2, two
Notes: This is the Greek numeral for the number 2. It is formed by combining the letter Beta (Β) and the keraia (ʹ), which indicates it is a number. It represents the cardinal number two.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek numeral system uses letters of the alphabet. Beta (Β) is the second letter of the Greek alphabet, and when combined with the keraia (ʹ), it represents the number two.
G1176
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEH-kah
Translations: ten
Notes: This word means 'ten' and is used to denote the number 10. It is an indeclinable numeral, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number in a sentence. It can be used to count objects or refer to a quantity of ten.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar words for 'ten' in other Indo-European languages.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-ta
Translations: all, every, everything, all things
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. In its plural neuter form, as seen here, it often translates to 'all things' or 'everything'. It is used to indicate totality or universality, referring to a complete set or collection of items or concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G2892
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-ko-MEES-thay
Translations: it was brought, it was carried, it was received, it was obtained
Notes: This is the third person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'κομίζω' (komizō). It means 'it was brought' or 'it was carried'. In a broader sense, it can also mean 'it was received' or 'it was obtained', especially when referring to something due or deserved. It describes an action that happened in the past, where the subject was the recipient of the action of being brought or carried.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΓΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kem- 'to labor, to be tired'. The original sense of the Greek verb was 'to take care of, to provide for', which evolved into 'to carry, to bring'.
G4000
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Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective
Sounds like: pen-TAH-kees-KHEE-lee-ah
Translations: five thousand
Notes: This word is a compound numeral adjective meaning 'five thousand'. It is used to describe a quantity of five thousand of something. It functions like an adjective, agreeing in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
G5071
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: tet-ra-KO-see-ah
Translations: four hundred
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'four hundred'. It is used to quantify nouns, indicating a quantity of 400. It functions similarly to an adjective, agreeing in number, gender, and case with the noun it modifies, though it can also be used substantively.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter. It can also be used for Masculine or Feminine nouns in these cases.
Etymology: The word ΤΕΤΡΑΚΟΣΙΑ is derived from the Greek prefix ΤΕΤΡΑ- (tetra-), meaning 'four', and the root for 'hundred', -ΚΟΣΙΑ (-kosia).
G1835
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: ex-AY-kon-tah
Translations: sixty
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'sixty'. It is used to indicate a quantity of sixty units. It typically remains uninflected in Koine Greek, functioning as an indeclinable numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἑξήκοντα (hexḗkonta), from ἕξ (héx, “six”) + -κοντα (-konta, “-ty”).
G0399
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-een-ECH-thay
Translations: was brought up, was offered up, was carried up, was led up
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist passive indicative form of the verb ἀναφέρω (anapherō). It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject was the recipient of the action (passive voice). It means 'to be brought up,' 'to be carried up,' or 'to be offered up,' often in the context of sacrifices or being taken to a higher place.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΒΗ, ΑΝΗΓΑΓΕΤΟ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G4547
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: sah-mah-nah-SAH-ron
Translations: Shalmaneser
Notes: Shalmaneser refers to an Assyrian king. In historical and biblical contexts, it typically denotes Shalmaneser V, who reigned during the 8th century BC and was known for his military campaigns, including the siege of Samaria. The word is used to identify this specific historical figure.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Σαμανασσαρον (Shalmaneser) is a transliteration of the Akkadian name Šulmānu-ašarēdu, meaning 'the god Shulmanu is preeminent' or 'Shulmanu is chief'. It was the name of several Assyrian kings.
G0001
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahee-khma-loh-SEE-as
Translations: of captivity, of exile, of imprisonment, of prisoners
Notes: This word refers to the state of being taken captive, often in war, or the condition of exile or imprisonment. It can also refer to a group of captives or prisoners. It is a compound word derived from 'aichmē' (spear) and 'halōsis' (capture).
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑἸΧΜΑΛΩΤΕΙΑ, ἈΠΟΙΚΙΑ
G0900
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: bah-by-LOH-nos
Translations: of Babylon
Notes: This word refers to the ancient city and empire of Babylon. It is used to indicate possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to Babylon' or 'from Babylon'. For example, 'king of Babylon'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G0750
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ar-tak-SERK-soo
Translations: Artaxerxes, (of) Artaxerxes
Notes: This is the name of several Persian kings, most notably Artaxerxes I Longimanus, who reigned during the time of Ezra and Nehemiah. It is used to refer to the king or, in its genitive form, to indicate possession or origin related to him.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The name Artaxerxes is of Old Persian origin, derived from 'Arta-khshathra', meaning 'whose kingdom is through truth' or 'he who rules through righteousness'. It was adopted into Greek.
G5550
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHRO-noys
Translations: to times, in times, at times, to seasons, in seasons, at seasons
Notes: This word refers to a period of time, a season, or an appointed time. It is used to indicate when something occurs or during what duration. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative plural, often translated as 'in times' or 'during the times of'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΙΣ, ΑΙΩΝΕΣ
G2607
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-teh-GRAHP-sen
Translations: wrote down, recorded, inscribed
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write'. Therefore, καταγράφω means 'to write down' or 'to record'. It is used to describe the act of committing something to writing, often with the implication of permanence or official record. It can also mean to enroll or register.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ, ΕΓΓΡΑΦΩ
G2730
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-toy-KOON-tohn
Translations: of those dwelling, of those inhabiting, of those residing
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'katoikeō', meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. As a genitive plural, it refers to 'those who are dwelling' or 'those who are inhabiting' something, indicating possession or relationship. It is often used to describe the inhabitants of a place.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΕΝΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΩΝ
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: BEH-leh-mos
Translations: Belemos
Notes: This is a proper noun, likely a personal name. It is not a common Greek word and appears to be a transliteration of a foreign name, possibly Persian, given the context of Artaxerxes. It would be used as a name for a person.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The etymology of Βηλεμος is uncertain, but it is likely a transliteration of a foreign, possibly Persian, personal name into Greek.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: mith-ra-DAH-tays
Translations: Mithradates
Notes: Mithradates is a proper noun, referring to a male personal name of Persian origin. It was a common name among Persian nobility and rulers, notably several kings of Pontus. It is used to identify a specific individual.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Mithradates is of Old Iranian origin, meaning 'given by Mithra' or 'gift of Mithra'. Mithra was an ancient Indo-Iranian deity associated with light, truth, and covenants.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: tah-BEL-lee-os
Translations: Tabellius
Notes: This is a proper noun, likely a personal name or a name associated with a specific office or role, possibly a scribe or official. It appears in historical contexts, often referring to an individual involved in writing or official documentation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name 'Tabellius' is of Latin origin, derived from 'tabella', meaning 'tablet' or 'writing tablet'. It was often associated with scribes or those who dealt with official documents.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: RAH-thoo-moss
Translations: Rathymos, careless, negligent, idle, a careless one
Notes: This word appears to be used as a proper noun, likely a name or a title, in the provided context. However, its root meaning as an adjective is 'careless,' 'negligent,' or 'idle.' It describes someone who is not diligent or attentive. As an adjective, it would be used to describe a person or a state of being.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΓΟΣ, ΑΜΕΛΗΣ, ΝΩΘΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ῥᾴθυμος (rháithymos) is a compound word derived from ῥᾷστος (rhâistos), meaning 'easiest,' and θυμός (thymós), meaning 'spirit' or 'mind.' Thus, it literally means 'easy in spirit' or 'easy-minded,' leading to the sense of being careless or indifferent.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: beh-el-TETH-mos
Translations: Beeltethmos
Notes: This is a proper noun, likely a transliteration of a foreign name, possibly a title or an official's name. It appears in historical contexts, such as in the Septuagint (Ezra/1 Esdras), referring to a Persian official or a place name associated with the Persian administration during the time of Artaxerxes. It functions as a singular, masculine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The etymology of Beeltethmos is uncertain, but it is believed to be a transliteration of a Persian or Aramaic title or name, possibly related to 'lord of decree' or a similar administrative role.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: sah-MEL-lee-oss
Translations: Samellios
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a specific individual named Samellios. In the provided context, Samellios is identified as a scribe or secretary, indicating a position of administrative importance.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The etymology of this specific proper name is not readily available in standard Koine Greek lexicons. It is likely a foreign name transliterated into Greek.
G1122
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: grah-ma-TEFS
Translations: scribe, a scribe, secretary, a secretary, clerk, a clerk
Notes: This word refers to a scribe, a person skilled in writing, especially in ancient times. Scribes often served as secretaries, clerks, or public notaries, responsible for writing, copying, and keeping records, and sometimes interpreting laws.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΟΣ, ΝΟΜΙΚΟΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word γράμμα (gramma), meaning 'a letter' or 'writing', combined with a suffix indicating an agent or practitioner. It refers to one who deals with writing or letters.
G3062
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: LOY-poy
Translations: the rest, the remaining, the others, the leftover
Notes: This word refers to what is left over or remaining from a group or quantity. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun to indicate the 'remaining' ones, or as a substantive noun, meaning 'the rest' or 'the others'. It is often used to distinguish a particular group from the remainder.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΙ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΙ
Etymology: From the verb λείπω (leípō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'.
G5124
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toys
Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ
G4929
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: soon-TAS-soh-meh-noy
Translations: being arranged with, being put in order with, being associated with, being appointed with, being arrayed with
Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the preposition σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb τάσσω (tassō, meaning 'to arrange' or 'to order'). As a participle, it describes an action being performed on or by the subject, indicating those who are being arranged, put in order, or associated together with others. It often refers to people who are aligned, appointed, or organized alongside someone else, or who are part of a group that is being ordered or arrayed.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΙΘΕΜΕΝΟΙ, ΣΥΝΤΑΤΤΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΣΥΝΤΙΘΕΝΤΕΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΤΑΣΣΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb ΤΑΣΣΩ (tassō), meaning 'to arrange,' 'to order,' or 'to appoint.' ΤΑΣΣΩ itself comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to arrange' or 'to put in order.'
G3611
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: oy-KOON-tes
Translations: dwelling, inhabiting, living, residing, those who dwell, the inhabitants
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'oikeō', meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It describes an ongoing action of dwelling or living in a place. It can be used adjectivally to describe something that is dwelling, or substantively to refer to 'those who dwell' or 'the inhabitants' of a particular location.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΝΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ
Etymology: The word 'oikeō' comes from 'oikos', meaning 'house' or 'dwelling'. It refers to the act of inhabiting a house or dwelling.
G4540
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: sah-mah-REH-yah
Translations: Samaria
Notes: Samaria refers to both a city and a region in ancient Palestine, located in the central part of the land of Israel. It was the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel after the division of the united monarchy. The people of Samaria, known as Samaritans, had a complex relationship with the Jews.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The name 'Samaria' is derived from the Hebrew name 'Shomron', which means 'watch-mountain' or 'watch-tower'. It was named after Shemer, the owner of the hill on which the city was built by King Omri.
G5117
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TOH-poys
Translations: to places, in places, at places, in the places, at the places
Notes: This word refers to a place, location, or region. In its dative plural form, as 'ΤΟΠΟΙΣ', it indicates 'to', 'in', or 'at' multiple places or locations. It is commonly used to specify the setting or area where an action occurs.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑΙΣ, ΤΟΠΟΙ
G5252
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hoo-po-ge-grah-MEH-neen
Translations: underwritten, subscribed, written below, a written document, a subscribed document
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been written under' or 'subscribed'. It describes something that has been written below or signed, often referring to a document or letter that has been officially recorded or endorsed. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (under) and 'γράφω' (to write).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Perfect Passive Participle
Synonyms: ΓΕΓΡΑΜΜΕΝΗΝ, ΕΓΓΕΓΡΑΜΜΕΝΗΝ
Etymology: The word ΥΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ is derived from the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'below', and the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write'. Thus, its core meaning is 'to write under' or 'to subscribe'.
G1992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-is-toh-LEN
Translations: letter, an epistle, a letter, an epistle, a written message
Notes: This word refers to a written message, a letter, or an epistle. It is typically used to describe a communication sent from one person or group to another, often for official or personal purposes. It can be used in contexts such as sending a decree, a personal note, or a formal communication.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΜΜΑ, ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LAY
Translations: (to) a king, (to) the king
Notes: This word is a noun referring to a king or ruler. It is used in the dative case, indicating the recipient or indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also indicate association or instrument.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to βάσις (basis, 'foundation') or from a pre-Greek substrate word.
G0745
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ar-tak-SERK-say
Translations: Artaxerxes, (to) Artaxerxes, (of) Artaxerxes
Notes: Artaxerxes is the name of several kings of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia. This form of the name is an inflection, often used in the dative or genitive case, meaning 'to Artaxerxes' or 'of Artaxerxes' respectively. It refers to the specific Persian monarch.
Inflection: Singular, Dative or Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The name Artaxerxes is of Old Persian origin, meaning 'whose empire is through righteousness' or 'he who reigns through truth'. It is a compound name derived from 'arta' (truth, righteousness) and 'Xerxes' (ruler, king).
G3816
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PAI-des
Translations: children, boys, servants, slaves, attendants, young men
Notes: This word refers to children, particularly boys, or young people in general. It can also denote servants, slaves, or attendants, especially those who are young. Its meaning often depends on the context, ranging from literal offspring to individuals in a subordinate role.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΑ, ΔΟΥΛΟΙ, ΥΙΟΙ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G4363
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pros-PIP-ton-tah
Translations: falling upon, happening, occurring, things happening, things occurring, matters, reports
Notes: This word is a present active participle, neuter plural, nominative or accusative case, derived from the verb 'to fall upon' or 'to happen'. It refers to things that are falling upon, happening, or occurring. In context, it often denotes events, circumstances, or matters that come to pass or are reported.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ, ΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΑ
G1954
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: eh-pee-LOI-poy
Translations: remaining, the rest, the others, the residue
Notes: This word refers to what is left over or remaining after a part has been removed or dealt with. It can be used as an adjective to describe things that are remaining, or as a substantive noun to refer to the remaining people or things.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative
Synonyms: ΛΟΙΠΟΙ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΙ
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΣ (epiloipos) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the adjective ΛΟΙΠΟΣ (loipos), meaning 'remaining' or 'the rest'.
G1012
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: boo-LEES
Translations: of counsel, of purpose, of will, of plan, of advice, of deliberation
Notes: This word refers to a plan, purpose, or counsel. It can also mean a decision, a will, or advice. It is often used in contexts relating to divine or human intentions and deliberations. In the provided examples, it refers to a 'plan' or 'counsel'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΑ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ
G2840
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: KOY-lee
Translations: hollow, a hollow, deep, a deep, valley, a valley
Notes: This word describes something that is hollow, concave, or deep. It can refer to a physical depression, like a valley or a hollow space. It is often used to describe geographical features or parts of the body that are sunken.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
G4948
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: soo-REE-ah
Translations: Syria
Notes: This word refers to Syria, a geographical region and ancient country located in the Middle East, east of the Mediterranean Sea. It is used to denote the land or the people of Syria.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The name 'Syria' is believed to be derived from the ancient Semitic name 'Sūri' or 'Sūriya', which was used to refer to the region. It is also thought to be related to 'Assyria', an ancient empire in Mesopotamia.
G5403
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: foy-NEE-kee
Translations: Phoenicia
Notes: This word refers to Phoenicia, an ancient historical region on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It is used to denote the geographical area.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: From an ancient Semitic root, referring to the land of the Phoenicians. The name was adopted into Greek.
G3568
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: NOON
Translations: now, at present, at this time
Notes: ΝΥΝ is an adverb meaning 'now' or 'at present'. It refers to the current moment in time. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a conclusion in a discourse, indicating a shift to the present situation or a logical consequence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙ, ΗΔΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now'. It is cognate with Latin nunc and English 'now'.
G1110
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: gno-STOHN
Translations: known, famous, notable, a known thing, what is known
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'known' or 'famous'. It can also function as a neuter noun, referring to 'that which is known' or 'a known thing'. In many contexts, especially with the verb 'to be', it is used impersonally to mean 'it is known' or 'let it be known', often introducing a fact or declaration.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΣ, ΕΜΦΑΝΗΣ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G2453
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oy
Translations: Jews, the Jews
Notes: This word refers to the Jewish people, the inhabitants of Judea, or those who are ethnically or religiously Jewish. It is often used in the New Testament to distinguish the Jewish people from Gentiles (non-Jews).
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ
Etymology: The word originates from the Hebrew word 'Yehudi' (יהודי), meaning 'of Judah' or 'from the land of Judah'. It refers to the descendants of Judah, one of the twelve sons of Jacob, and later to the inhabitants of the kingdom of Judah.
G0305
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ah-nah-BAN-tes
Translations: having gone up, having ascended, having come up, having climbed, having embarked
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anabainō', meaning 'to go up' or 'to ascend'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It is often used to describe people who have gone up to a higher place, such as a city, a mountain, or a ship. It can also refer to coming up from a lower place, like out of water.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ, ΑΝΙΟΝΤΕΣ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: pa-RAH
Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a
Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-mas
Translations: us
Notes: This word is the first-person plural pronoun 'we' in the accusative case. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, meaning 'us'. For example, 'He saw us' or 'They spoke to us'.
Inflection: First-person, Plural, Accusative
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: el-THON-tes
Translations: having come, coming, who came, when they came
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes an action that has already occurred or is occurring, often indicating the state of having arrived or the act of coming. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to provide additional information about the action of coming.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΗΚΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΙ
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-lin
Translations: city, a city
Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.
G0647
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ap-os-TA-tin
Translations: rebel, apostate, a rebel, an apostate
Notes: This word refers to a person who rebels or revolts against authority, or one who abandons their religious or political principles. It describes someone who is disloyal or a defector. It can be used to describe a city or a people that is in rebellion.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΝΤΑΡΤΗΣ, ΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-nee-RAN
Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, mischievous, an evil, a wicked, a bad, a harmful, a mischievous
Notes: This word describes something as evil, wicked, or bad, often with a connotation of being harmful or mischievous. It can refer to moral depravity, physical affliction, or something that causes trouble. It is used to qualify a feminine singular noun in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of an action or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G0058
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-go-RAS
Translations: of a marketplace, of a market, of a public square
Notes: This word refers to a marketplace or a public square, which was a central gathering place in ancient Greek cities for commerce, public assembly, and judicial proceedings. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΛΑΤΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the verb ἀγείρω (ageirō), meaning 'to gather' or 'to assemble', referring to a place where people gather.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TES
Translations: (of) her, her, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a form of the third-person pronoun 'autos'. It is used to refer to a singular feminine noun that has already been mentioned or is understood from the context. It indicates possession or is used after prepositions that require the genitive case. For example, it could mean 'her' (as in 'her house') or 'of her'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G5038
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TEI-khee
Translations: walls, a wall
Notes: This word refers to walls, typically those of a city or fortress, providing defense or enclosure. It is used in the plural form to denote multiple walls or the collective structure of a city's defenses.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΤΕΙΧΙΟΝ
G2323
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: theh-rah-PEH-oo-sin
Translations: they heal, they cure, they serve, they worship, they attend to, they treat
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to heal, cure, or restore to health. It can also mean to serve, attend to, or worship, especially in a religious context. It describes the action of providing care or service, whether physical, spiritual, or general. In the provided example, it refers to people attending to or seeking favor from kings.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΙΑΟΜΑΙ, ΣΩΖΩ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ
G3485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NAH-on
Translations: temple, a temple, shrine, a shrine
Notes: ΝΑΟΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΝΑΟΣ, meaning 'temple' or 'shrine'. It specifically refers to the inner sanctuary of a temple, the dwelling place of the deity, as distinct from the broader temple complex (ἱερόν). It is used when the temple is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition that takes the accusative case.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΕΩΣ
G5260
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-po-BAL-lon-tai
Translations: are submitted, are suggested, are put under, are prompted, are instigated
Notes: This is a verb meaning to put under, to submit, to suggest, or to instigate. It is often used in the context of presenting something for consideration or approval, or subtly influencing someone's actions. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (under) and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (to throw, to cast).
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΕΙΝΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΕΛΕΥΟΜΑΙ
G1437
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eh-AHN
Translations: if, when, whenever, although
Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ
Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-lis
Translations: city, a city, town, a town
Notes: The word 'polis' refers to a city or town, a populated center where people live and gather. In ancient contexts, it often implied a self-governing city-state, but in Koine Greek, it frequently refers simply to any significant urban settlement. It is used to denote the physical location and its inhabitants.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΚΩΜΗ, ΧΩΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (to fill) or *pel- (to build, to enclose). It refers to a fortified place or a populated area.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OW-tay
Translations: she, her, it, this, that, the same
Notes: This word is a pronoun, specifically the feminine nominative singular form of 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'she', 'her', or 'it', or as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. When used intensively, it can mean 'the same' or 'herself'. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it refers to.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΗ
G3618
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oy-ko-do-MAY-thay
Translations: be built, be constructed, be edified
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to build a house' or 'to construct'. It is a compound word formed from 'οἶκος' (oikos), meaning 'house', and 'δέμω' (demō), meaning 'to build'. In the passive voice, as seen here, it means 'to be built' or 'to be constructed'. It can also metaphorically mean 'to be edified' or 'to be built up' in a spiritual sense.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΤΙΖΩ, ΑΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΕΓΕΙΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ is a compound of two Greek words: ΟΙΚΟΣ (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'dwelling', and ΔΕΜΩ (demō), meaning 'to build' or 'to construct'. Thus, its literal meaning is 'to build a house'.
G4931
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-teh-LES-thay
Translations: may be completed, may be finished, may be brought to an end, may be fulfilled, may be accomplished
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist passive subjunctive form of the verb ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΩ. It means 'to be completed,' 'to be finished,' 'to be brought to an end,' or 'to be fulfilled.' As a subjunctive mood, it often expresses a potential, hypothetical, or desired action, frequently translated with 'may,' 'might,' 'should,' or 'will' (in a future context). It implies the bringing of something to its full conclusion or consummation.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΠΕΡΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb ΤΕΛΕΩ (TELEO), meaning 'to finish,' 'to complete,' or 'to bring to an end.' Thus, it signifies bringing something to a complete end or consummation together or thoroughly.
G5411
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fo-ro-lo-GEE-an
Translations: tax, a tax, tribute, a tribute
Notes: This word refers to a tax or tribute, typically a payment exacted by a ruler or government. It is a compound word formed from 'φόρος' (phoros), meaning 'tribute' or 'tax,' and 'λογία' (logia), meaning 'collection' or 'reckoning.' It is used in sentences to denote the act of paying or collecting taxes.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΟΡΟΣ, ΤΕΛΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΦΟΡΟΛΟΓΙΑ is a compound of the Greek words φόρος (phoros), meaning 'tribute' or 'tax,' and -λογία (-logia), meaning 'collection' or 'reckoning,' derived from λέγω (legō), 'to collect' or 'to speak.'
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G5278
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-po-MEH-noh-sin
Translations: they may endure, they may remain, they may persevere, they may bear up, they may stand firm
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, meaning to endure, remain, or persevere. It implies staying under or behind something, often in the face of difficulty or opposition. It can be used to describe someone who patiently bears up under trials or who remains steadfast in their faith or position.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΕΧΩ, ΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DOO-nye
Translations: to give, to grant, to bestow
Notes: ΔΟΥΝΑΙ is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb δίδωμι, meaning 'to give'. It is used to express the action of giving, granting, or bestowing something. As an infinitive, it often functions similarly to 'to give' in English, indicating purpose, result, or as the object of another verb.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΕΙΝ, ΧΑΡΙΖΕΣΘΑΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΟΝΑΙ
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-seen
Translations: (to) kings, (to) a king
Notes: This word refers to rulers or monarchs. It is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ
G0436
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-tis-TAY-son-tai
Translations: they will resist, they will oppose, they will stand against
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'. Therefore, it literally means 'to stand against'. It describes the act of resisting, opposing, or standing firm in defiance of someone or something. It is used to indicate a future action of opposition.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΛΕΓΩ, ΑΝΤΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΑΝΤΙΠΙΠΤΩ
G1893
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEI
Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as
Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ
Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.
G1754
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: en-er-GEY-tai
Translations: is at work, is active, is being worked, is being effected, is being energized
Notes: This word describes something that is being worked on or is actively operating, often with a sense of divine or inherent power. It indicates an ongoing process where something is being brought about or made effective. It is used in the passive voice, meaning the subject is receiving the action.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ἘΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ
G2573
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: KAL-ohs
Translations: well, rightly, properly, honorably, commendably
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'well' or 'rightly'. It describes an action performed in a good, proper, or honorable manner. It can indicate that something is done correctly, skillfully, or in a way that is morally upright.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΥ, ΟΡΘΩΣ, ΚΑΛΩΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΛΩΣ is derived from the adjective ΚΑΛΟΣ (KALOS), meaning 'good' or 'beautiful'.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-ayn
Translations: to have, to hold, to possess, to be able, to keep, to get
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It is used to express possession, a state of being, or ability. As an infinitive, it often functions like a noun, serving as the subject or object of another verb, or it can complete the meaning of another verb.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ
G5274
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-po-lam-BAH-no-men
Translations: we suppose, we assume, we think, we consider, we take up, we receive, we answer
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (under) and the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (to take, receive). It generally means to take up, receive, or assume. In a mental sense, it means to suppose, think, or consider. It can also mean to answer or reply, especially in a dialogue.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, First Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ
G5237
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-per-i-DEIN
Translations: overlook, disregard, despise, neglect, pay no attention to
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ὑπέρ' (hyper), meaning 'over' or 'beyond', and 'εἶδον' (eidon), meaning 'to see'. It means to look over or beyond something, implying a failure to notice, or a deliberate act of disregarding or despising. It can be used in contexts where someone ignores a command, overlooks a fault, or treats something with contempt.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΘΕΤΕΩ, ΠΑΡΟΡΑΩ, ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition 'ὑπέρ' (hyper), meaning 'over, beyond', and the aorist stem 'ἰδεῖν' (idein) from the verb 'ὁράω' (horaō), meaning 'to see'.
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OO-toh
Translations: such, such a one, such a thing
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind/sort'. It describes something as being of the nature or quality previously mentioned or implied. It can be used to refer to people or things, often emphasizing their characteristics or qualities.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ
G4377
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-foh-NAY-sai
Translations: to address, to call to, to speak to, to call out to
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb φωνέω (phoneō), meaning 'to sound' or 'to speak'. Together, it means to direct one's voice towards someone, hence to address or speak to them. It is used when someone calls out to another person or speaks to them directly.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΙΠΕΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ
G3704
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OH-pos
Translations: how, as, that, in order that, so that
Notes: This word functions as both a conjunction and an adverb. As a conjunction, it introduces clauses of purpose or result, meaning 'in order that' or 'so that'. As an adverb, it describes manner, meaning 'how' or 'as'. Its specific meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΙΝΑ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὡς (hōs, 'as') and πώς (pōs, 'somehow').
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AHN
Translations: if, ever, might, would, should
Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.
G5316
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: FAI-nee-tai
Translations: appear, seem, be seen, shine, be evident
Notes: This word means 'to appear,' 'to seem,' or 'to be seen.' It describes something becoming visible, evident, or presenting itself in a certain way. It can be used impersonally (it appears that...) or to describe a person or thing appearing or seeming to be something.
Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Subjunctive Mood
Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΕΚΦΑΙΝΩ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SOY
Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you
Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.
G1980
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-ee-SKEF-thay
Translations: to be visited, to be looked after, to be cared for, to be inspected, to be examined
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to be visited,' 'to be looked after,' or 'to be cared for.' It is often used in contexts of divine visitation, oversight, or providing care. It can also imply an inspection or examination. The form indicates a passive action, meaning the subject is receiving the action of visiting or caring.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΕΩ, ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΗ
Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΣΚΕΠΤΟΜΑΙ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over,' and ΣΚΕΠΤΟΜΑΙ (skeptomai), meaning 'to look' or 'to examine.' Thus, it literally means 'to look upon' or 'to look over,' leading to the sense of visiting, inspecting, or caring for.
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
G3962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pa-TEH-rohn
Translations: of fathers, of parents, of ancestors
Notes: This word refers to the male parent or ancestor. In its genitive plural form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to fathers' or 'from fathers'. It can be used to refer to physical fathers, but also to forefathers, ancestors, or even spiritual fathers.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΠΑΤΟΡΕΣ, ΓΟΝΕΙΣ
G0976
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEE-blee-oys
Translations: to books, in books, on books, by books
Notes: This word refers to books, scrolls, or writings. It is used here in the dative plural, indicating the indirect object or the location/instrument of an action. For example, it could mean 'to books' (as in giving something to books), 'in books' (as in something written in books), 'on books' (as in something placed on books), or 'by means of books'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΑ
G2147
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-REE-sace
Translations: you will find, you will discover, you will obtain
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to find', 'to discover', or 'to obtain'. It is used to indicate the future action of locating or coming across something or someone. For example, 'you will find the book' or 'you will discover the truth'.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΕΥΡΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to find' or 'to obtain'. It is related to words signifying 'to get' or 'to acquire'.
G5280
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-pom-nay-mah-tis-MOYS
Translations: to a record, to records, to a memorial, to memorials, to a commentary, to commentaries, to a memorandum, to memoranda
Notes: This word refers to a record, a memorial, a commentary, or a memorandum. It is used to denote written accounts or notes that serve to remind or explain something. In the provided context, it refers to written records or commentaries where information can be found.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΝΗΜΟΣΥΝΟΝ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΗ, ΥΠΟΜΝΗΜΑ
G1125
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Part of Speech: Participle, Noun
Sounds like: ge-GRAH-meh-nah
Translations: written things, things written, what is written, the scriptures
Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle, neuter plural, of the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. As a participle, it describes something that has been written. In its neuter plural form, it often functions as a noun, referring to 'the things that have been written' or 'what is written', commonly used to refer to sacred texts or scriptures.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΓΡΑΦΑΙ
Etymology: The word 'γράφω' (graphō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to scratch, to carve, to write'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages referring to drawing, engraving, or writing.
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G1108
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GNO-see
Translations: knowledge, a knowledge, understanding, recognition
Notes: This word refers to knowledge or understanding, often implying a personal or experiential acquaintance with something rather than mere intellectual information. It can be used to describe the act of knowing or the state of being known. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ, ΣΟΦΙΑ
Etymology: This word comes from the Greek verb γιγνώσκω (gignōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to come to know'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-, which also means 'to know'.
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KEE-nee
Translations: that, that one, she
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It is used to point to something distant in space or time, or to refer to something previously mentioned. It functions similarly to the English word 'that' and can modify a noun or stand alone as a pronoun.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ὉΔΕ
G0667
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-pos-TAH-tis
Translations: apostate, rebel, a rebel, a renegade, a deserter, a runaway
Notes: This word refers to a female apostate, rebel, or renegade. It describes someone who has abandoned their former beliefs, principles, or allegiance, often in a religious or political context. It is used to characterize a person or, as in the example, a city that has turned away from its rightful authority or faith.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ, ΑΝΤΑΡΤΗΣ, ΑΠΕΙΘΗΣ
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LAYS
Translations: kings
Notes: This word refers to 'kings' or 'rulers'. It is the plural form of the noun 'king' (βασιλεύς). It is used to denote multiple monarchs or sovereign leaders.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΗΓΕΜΟΝΕΣ
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PO-leess
Translations: cities, a city
Notes: This word refers to a city or a town. It is used to describe a populated area with buildings and infrastructure, often with a distinct political or administrative structure. In the provided context, it refers to multiple cities, specifically 'fortified cities'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΣΤΥ, ΚΩΜΗ
G1776
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: eh-nokh-LOO-sah
Translations: troubling, annoying, disturbing, harassing, vexing
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'troubling' or 'annoying'. It describes an action that is ongoing or continuous. It is used to describe someone or something that causes trouble, disturbance, or harassment to others. For example, it could describe a person who is constantly bothering someone, or a situation that is causing persistent problems.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΟΧΛΕΩ, ΕΠΗΡΕΑΖΩ
G0647
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-pos-TAH-tai
Translations: apostates, rebels, a rebel, a renegade
Notes: This word refers to individuals who have abandoned their faith, principles, or allegiance. It describes someone who has defected or revolted, often implying a betrayal of trust or a departure from an established order. It is used to describe those who are disloyal or rebellious.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΑΡΤΗΣ, ΑΠΕΙΘΗΣ
Etymology: The word comes from the Greek verb ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi), meaning 'to stand off from, to withdraw, to revolt'. It is a compound of ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from, away from', and ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'.
G4147
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poh-lee-or-KEE-as
Translations: of a siege, of a blockade
Notes: This word refers to the act of besieging a city or fortress, or the state of being under siege. It describes the military operation where an army surrounds a place to cut off supplies and force its surrender. In the provided context, it refers to the duration or process of a siege.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΗΣΙΣ, ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΙΑ
Etymology: The word is a compound derived from the Greek words πόλις (polis), meaning 'city', and ἕρκος (herkos), meaning 'fence' or 'enclosure', referring to the act of enclosing a city.
G4921
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: soon-es-TAH-meh-noy
Translations: brought together, commended, composed, formed, standing together, those who are brought together, those who are commended
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been brought together' or 'having been commended'. It describes something or someone that has been assembled, formed, or presented for approval. It can function adjectivally to describe nouns or substantively to refer to 'those who are...' or 'that which is...'.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Perfect Passive Participle
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΤΑΤΤΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEH
Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves
Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter
Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.
G2089
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-TEE
Translations: still, yet, further, more
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating continuation in time or degree. It can mean 'still' or 'yet' when referring to something that is ongoing or has not happened yet. It can also mean 'further' or 'more' when adding to something or indicating an additional quantity or action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙ, ἘΤΙΔΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eti 'beyond, further'. It is related to Latin et 'and, also'.
G0165
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahee-OH-nos
Translations: of an age, of an eternity, of a world, of time, of the world, of the age, of eternity
Notes: This word refers to a period of time, an age, or an eternity. It can also refer to the world or the universe, especially in the sense of the present world order or the world to come. In this genitive form, it often indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of an age' or 'of the world'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΥ, ΚΟΣΜΟΥ
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: DEE
Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14
Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ
Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ANE
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was, I was
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to describe a state of being or existence in the past, often indicating a continuous or repeated action or condition. For example, it can mean 'he was' or 'it was'.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, 1st or 3rd person singular
G0156
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ai-TEE-an
Translations: cause, a cause, reason, a reason, charge, a charge, accusation, an accusation, fault, a fault
Notes: This word refers to a cause, reason, or ground for something. It can also denote a charge or accusation, or even a fault. It is commonly used to explain the basis or origin of an action or event.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΦΑΣΙΣ, ΑἸΤΙΟΝ
Etymology: The word ΑἸΤΙΑ (aitia) comes from the Greek word αἴτιος (aitios), meaning 'responsible' or 'culpable'.
G2049
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ay-ray-MO-thay
Translations: was made desolate, was laid waste, was deserted, became desolate
Notes: This verb describes the state of being made desolate, laid waste, or deserted. It implies a process where something or someone becomes empty, abandoned, or ruined. It is often used to describe places or lands that have been destroyed or left uninhabited, or people who have been abandoned.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ
Etymology: From ἔρημος (erēmos), meaning 'desolate, solitary, desert'. The verb means 'to make desolate' or 'to lay waste'.
G5263
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-po-DEIK-noo-men
Translations: we show, we point out, we demonstrate, we make known
Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to show' or 'to point out'. It is formed from the preposition 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'from under', and the verb 'δείκνυμι' (deiknymi), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out'. The compound verb often implies showing something from a hidden place, or showing something clearly and demonstratively. It is used to indicate the act of revealing or making something evident.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, First Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΔΗΛΟΩ
Etymology: The word ΥΠΟΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ is a compound of the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'from under', and the verb ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ (deiknymi), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out'. The prefix intensifies or specifies the action of showing.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-eh
Translations: Lord, O Lord, Master, Sir
Notes: This word is the vocative singular form of the noun ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (KYRIOS), meaning 'Lord,' 'Master,' or 'Sir.' It is used for direct address, similar to saying 'O Lord' or 'My Lord' in English. It is commonly used when speaking directly to God, a respected authority figure, or a master.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-oo
Translations: king, a king
Notes: This word refers to a king or ruler. It is used to denote a sovereign, monarch, or any person holding royal authority. In the provided examples, it refers to kings in general or a specific king, such as the Assyrian king.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TOW-tays
Translations: of this, of that
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. As a genitive feminine singular form, it indicates possession or origin, referring to a feminine noun that is either physically near or has been previously mentioned in the discourse. It functions similarly to 'of this' or 'of that' in English, specifying a particular item or concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΗΣ, ΤΗΣΔΕ
G0450
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-as-TAH-thay
Translations: be raised up, be stood up, be rebuilt, be restored
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'anistēmi', meaning 'to raise up' or 'to stand up'. In the passive voice, as it is here, it means 'to be raised up' or 'to be stood up'. It is often used in contexts of physical rising, such as from sleep or a seated position, or metaphorically for resurrection from the dead. It can also refer to the rebuilding or restoration of structures, like walls or cities, as seen in the example usage.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ
Etymology: The word ἀνίστημι (anistēmi) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'.
G1841
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EX-oh-doss
Translations: exodus, departure, exit, a way out, a going out
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of', and 'ὁδός' (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road'. It refers to a going out, a departure, or an exit. It can also refer to the act of leaving a place or the means by which one leaves, such as a way out. In a broader sense, it can denote the end of life or the final departure.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΝΑΧΩΡΗΣΙΣ, ἈΠΟΔΗΜΙΑ, ἘΚΒΑΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the Greek preposition 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of', and the noun 'ὁδός' (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road'. It literally means 'a way out' or 'a going out'.
G3765
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ook-EH-tee
Translations: no longer, no more, not yet, not still
Notes: This is a compound adverb formed from the negative particle 'οὐκ' (not) and the adverb 'ἔτι' (yet, still). It signifies the cessation of a state or action, meaning 'no longer' or 'no more'. It can also mean 'not yet' in certain contexts, indicating that something has not happened up to the present time. It is used to express that something that was true or happening is no longer the case.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΚΕΤΙ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ἜΤΙ
Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΚΕΤΙ is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓Κ (not) and the adverb ἜΤΙ (yet, still).
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tai
Translations: will be, shall be, there will be
Notes: This is the third person singular future active indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It indicates that something 'will be' or 'shall be' in the future. It can refer to a person (he/she/it will be) or an impersonal existence (there will be).
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular
G2840
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: KOY-len
Translations: hollow, a hollow, concave, an empty
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'hollow' or 'concave'. It describes something that has an empty space within it or is curved inward. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating their physical characteristic of being hollow or empty.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΕΝΟΣ, ΒΑΘΥΣ
G4948
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: soo-REE-ah
Translations: Syria
Notes: This word refers to the geographical region of Syria, an ancient country in the Middle East. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word 'Syria' is of ancient origin, derived from the Greek name for the region. It is believed to be related to Assyria, though the exact etymological connection is debated.
G5403
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: foy-NEE-kane
Translations: Phoenicia
Notes: This word refers to Phoenicia, an ancient civilization located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It is used to denote the geographical region or the country itself.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G5119
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: TOH-teh
Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).
G0473, G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-TEG-rap-sen
Translations: wrote back, replied in writing, answered by letter
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'anti' (against, in return) and 'grapho' (to write). It means to write in response to something, to reply in writing, or to answer by letter. It is used to describe the act of sending a written communication back to someone who has previously sent one.
Inflection: Aorist Indicative Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΤΙΦΩΝΕΩ
G4460
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: rah-thoo-MOH
Translations: I am negligent, I am careless, I am indifferent, I am idle, I am at ease
Notes: This verb means to be negligent, careless, or indifferent. It describes a state of being at ease or idle, often implying a lack of concern or diligence. It can be used to describe someone who is not paying attention to their duties or responsibilities.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΜΕΛΕΩ, ΝΩΘΡΕΥΩ
Etymology: From ῥάθυμος (rhathymos, "careless, idle"), which is a compound of ῥᾷστος (rhāistos, "easiest") and θυμός (thymos, "spirit, passion"). It literally means "easy in spirit" or "easy-going", leading to the sense of carelessness or idleness.
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: grah-FON-tee
Translations: writing, to the one writing, for the one writing, by the one writing
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It describes someone who is in the act of writing. As a dative singular participle, it often functions as an indirect object, indicating 'to the one writing', 'for the one writing', or 'by the one writing', depending on the context.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: beh-el-TETH-moh
Translations: Beeltethmo, Beltethmo, Beltethmus
Notes: This is a proper noun, likely referring to a place or a person's title, possibly a district or a governor. It appears in historical texts, such as the Septuagint, often in lists of officials or locations. It is a transliteration of a foreign name into Greek.
Inflection: Singular, Dative
Etymology: The word is a transliteration of a foreign name, likely Aramaic or Persian, into Greek. It is not originally a Greek word.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: sah-MEL-lee-oh
Translations: Samellius
Notes: This is a proper noun, likely a personal name. It appears to be the name of a scribe or official mentioned in historical or biblical texts, possibly a variant or transliteration of a Semitic name like Shemaiah. As a proper noun, it functions as the subject or object in a sentence, referring to a specific individual.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Σαμέλλιος (Samellios) is likely a Greek transliteration of a Semitic name, possibly related to Hebrew names such as Shemaiah (שְׁמַעְיָה), meaning 'heard by Yahweh' or 'Yahweh has heard'.
G1122
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: grah-mah-TEH-ee
Translations: scribe, a scribe, (to) a scribe, (of) a scribe, secretary, a secretary, (to) a secretary, (of) a secretary, clerk, a clerk, (to) a clerk, (of) a clerk
Notes: This word refers to a scribe, secretary, or clerk. In ancient contexts, a scribe was a person who could read and write, often serving as a copyist, record-keeper, or legal expert. They held significant positions in society due to their literacy. The form 'ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΕΙ' is an inflected form of the noun 'ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΕΥΣ'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΟΣ, ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΙΚΟΣ
G3062
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: LOY-poys
Translations: to the rest, to the remaining, to the others, to the residue
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'remaining' or 'the rest'. It is used to refer to what is left over or those who are left behind. In this dative plural form, it indicates the recipients of an action or the group to whom something applies.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΙΣ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΙΣ
G4929
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: soon-TAS-so-meh-noys
Translations: being arranged together, being appointed together, being ordered together, being drawn up together, being assigned together
Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb ΣΥΝΤΑΣΣΩ, meaning 'to arrange together,' 'to appoint,' or 'to order.' It describes something or someone that is being arranged, appointed, or ordered in conjunction with others. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine, Plural, Dative
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΑΤΤΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΤΑΣΣΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ
G5252
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hoo-po-geh-grahm-MEH-nah
Translations: written underneath, subscribed, signed, recorded, a record, a document
Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'ὑπογράφω' (hypographō), meaning 'to write under' or 'to subscribe'. As an adjective, it describes something that has been written underneath or signed. It can also refer to documents or records that have been officially signed or recorded. In a sentence, it would typically modify a noun, indicating that the noun is something that has been written or signed.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΓΕΓΡΑΜΜΕΝΑ, ΕΓΓΡΑΦΑ
G0314
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-NEG-nohn
Translations: I read, I have read, I recognized, I knew
Notes: This is a verb that means to read, to recognize, or to know. It is often used in the context of reading written material, such as letters or scriptures. It can also imply understanding or coming to know something through observation or study. The form provided is a past tense, indicating an action that was completed in the past.
Inflection: Aorist Indicative Active, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΓΙΓΝΩΣΚΩ, ἘΠΙΓΙΓΝΩΣΚΩ
G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-POM-pha-teh
Translations: you have sent
Notes: This is the second person plural, perfect active indicative form of the verb 'ΠΕΜΠΩ' (pempō), meaning 'to send'. The perfect tense indicates an action completed in the past with continuing results or relevance in the present. So, 'ΠΕΠΟΜΦΑΤΕ' means 'you (plural) have sent' or 'you (plural) did send and the sending is complete'. It describes a completed action by a group of people.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G2002
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-peh-TAH-xah
Translations: I commanded, I ordered, I instructed
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to command', 'to order', or 'to instruct'. It describes an action of giving a directive or an authoritative instruction. It is typically used when someone in a position of authority issues a command to another person or group.
Inflection: Aorist Active Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΕΛΕΎΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΆΣΣΩ
G1980
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-ee-skep-SAS-thai
Translations: to visit, to look after, to inspect, to examine, to care for, to provide for
Notes: This word is an aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'episkeptomai'. It generally means to visit someone or a place, often with the purpose of inspecting, examining, or caring for them. It can also imply providing for someone's needs or looking after their well-being. It is used to express an action of looking upon or over something or someone with a specific intent.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΕΩ
G2147
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-REH-thay
Translations: was found, it was found, he was found, she was found
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to be found' or 'to be discovered'. It is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'euriskō' (to find). It describes an action that occurred in the past and was completed, where the subject was the recipient of the action of being found. For example, 'the book was found' or 'he was found'.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular
G0493
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: an-tee-pa-ra-TAS-soo-sa
Translations: arraying against, setting opposite, opposing, resisting
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to array oneself against, to set opposite, or to oppose. It describes the act of arranging forces or oneself in opposition to another, often in a military context, but can also refer to general resistance or antagonism. It is formed from the prefix ἀντί (anti, meaning 'against' or 'opposite') and the verb παρατάσσω (paratassō, meaning 'to array alongside' or 'to draw up in battle order').
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΑΝΤΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ἀντιπαρατάσσω is a compound of ἀντί (anti, 'against, opposite') and παρατάσσω (paratassō, 'to array alongside, to draw up in battle order'). The latter is derived from παρά (para, 'beside, alongside') and τάσσω (tassō, 'to arrange, to order').
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-throh-poy
Translations: people, men, humans
Notes: This word refers to human beings in general, encompassing both men and women. It is the plural form of 'ἈΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ' (anthropos), meaning 'man' or 'human'. It is used to denote a group of individuals belonging to the human race.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΒΡΟΤΟΙ
G0646
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-pos-TAH-sees
Translations: rebellion, revolt, defection, apostasy, a rebellion, a revolt, a defection, an apostasy
Notes: This word refers to a defection or revolt, often implying a deliberate abandonment of a previous loyalty, belief, or allegiance. It can describe a political uprising or a religious falling away from faith. It is a compound word, formed from 'apo' (away from) and 'stasis' (a standing, a state, a party).
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΣΙΣ, ΑΠΟΣΤΑΣΙΑ
G4171
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: po-LEH-moos
Translations: wars, battles
Notes: This word refers to conflicts, battles, or wars. It is used to describe armed struggles between groups or nations. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb, indicating what is being fought or engaged in.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΑΙ, ΑΓΩΝΕΣ, ΕΡΙΔΕΣ
G4931
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-teh-LOON-tes
Translations: completing, accomplishing, finishing, bringing to an end, performing, contributing, paying, fulfilling
Notes: This word describes the action of bringing something to completion, accomplishing a task, or finishing a process. It can also refer to contributing to something or paying a sum. As a present active participle, it indicates an ongoing action or state of 'doing' or 'completing'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΕΛΕΩ, ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
G2478
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: iss-khoo-ROY
Translations: strong, mighty, powerful, able, a strong one, the strong ones
Notes: This word describes something or someone as being strong, mighty, or powerful. It can refer to physical strength, but also to authority, influence, or effectiveness. It is often used to describe rulers, warriors, or even God. In the provided examples, it describes kings and people as being strong.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΣ, ΡΩΜΑΛΕΟΣ
G4642
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: SKLEE-roy
Translations: hard, harsh, severe, cruel, stubborn, difficult, rough
Notes: This word describes something that is physically hard or unyielding, like a stone or a difficult task. It can also describe people or their actions as harsh, severe, cruel, or stubborn. It is used to convey a sense of rigidity, difficulty, or lack of compassion.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΡΑΧΥΣ, ΔΥΣΚΟΛΟΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AY-sahn
Translations: they were, were
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It indicates an action or state that was ongoing or habitual in the past, referring to a plural subject. It functions similarly to 'were' in English, describing the state or existence of multiple entities in a past context.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Active
G2961
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: koo-ree-YEV-on-tes
Translations: ruling, having dominion, being lord over, exercising lordship, reigning
Notes: This word describes the act of exercising authority, dominion, or lordship over something or someone. It implies having control, power, or mastery. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who is currently in the act of ruling or having dominion.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΟΝΤΕΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΖΟΝΤΕΣ
Etymology: From ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (kyrios), meaning 'lord' or 'master', combined with the verbal suffix -εύω, indicating the exercise of a quality or function.
G5411
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: foh-roh-LOO-n-tes
Translations: collecting taxes, levying tribute, exacting tribute
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'collecting taxes' or 'levying tribute'. It describes the action of imposing or collecting a tax or tribute. It is used to describe people who are in the act of collecting such payments.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Etymology: From φόρος (phoros, "tribute") + λέγω (legō, "to collect"). It literally means 'to collect tribute'.
G0606
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-ko-LY-sai
Translations: to hinder, to prevent, to restrain, to forbid
Notes: This word means to hinder, prevent, or restrain someone or something from doing an action. It implies putting an obstacle in the way or actively stopping a process. It is often used with an infinitive to express the action being prevented.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΩ, ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ
Etymology: The word ἈΠΟΚΩΛΥΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κωλύω (kōlyō), meaning 'to hinder' or 'to prevent'.
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahn-THROH-poos
Translations: men, people, human beings, humans
Notes: This word refers to human beings in general, encompassing both men and women. It is often used to distinguish humans from God or from animals. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object, indicating the recipients of an action or the subjects being discussed.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΥΣ, ΑΝΔΡΑΣ
G1565
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-KAY-noos
Translations: those, them, those ones
Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective or pronoun meaning 'that' or 'those'. It is used to point out something or someone at a distance, or to refer to something previously mentioned. As an adjective, it modifies a noun (e.g., 'those men'). As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun (e.g., 'he saw those').
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
G4306
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: proh-noh-ay-THEE-nai
Translations: to provide for, to take thought beforehand, to foresee, to make provision
Notes: This word is an infinitive verb meaning to think ahead, to make provision for something, or to foresee. It implies a proactive consideration of future needs or events. It is often used in contexts where someone is making arrangements or ensuring that something is taken care of in advance.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΒΛΕΠΩ, ΠΡΟΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ
G3367
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: MEE-then
Translations: nothing, anything, no one, anyone
Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is used in contexts where a negative outcome or absence is emphasized, often in prohibitions or to express that something should not happen or exist. When used as an adjective, it modifies a noun to mean 'no' or 'not any'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥΘΕΙΣ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-NEE-tai
Translations: may be, might be, become, happen, come to pass, be made, be done
Notes: This word signifies 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' 'to become,' or 'to be made.' It is often used to describe events unfolding or states changing. It can also mean 'to be done' or 'to be performed' in certain contexts.
Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Aorist, Subjunctive, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΜΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of generation or becoming.
G4260
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-BEE
Translations: went forward, advanced, proceeded, came forward, went on
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'προβαίνω'. It describes an action of moving forward, advancing, or proceeding. It can be used to indicate progress in time or space, such as 'he went forward' or 'he advanced'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΧΩΡΕΩ
G4119
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: PLEH-ee-on
Translations: more, greater, longer, a longer time, the majority, the greater part, a greater thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πλείων' (pleiōn), meaning 'more' or 'greater'. It is used to indicate a larger quantity, degree, or duration of something. It can function as an adjective modifying a neuter noun, or as an adverb meaning 'more' or 'longer'. When used with a definite article, it can mean 'the majority' or 'the greater part'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΜΕΙΖΩΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΝ
G2549
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-KEE-as
Translations: (of) evil, (of) malice, (of) wickedness, (of) depravity, evil, an evil, malice, a malice, wickedness, a wickedness, depravity, a depravity
Notes: This word refers to the inherent badness, wickedness, or depravity of character. It can also denote malice or ill-will towards others. It is often used in contexts describing moral corruption or harmful actions stemming from a bad disposition.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΙΑ, ΦΑΥΛΟΤΗΣ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΚΙΑ (kakia) comes from the adjective ΚΑΚΟΣ (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. It refers to the state or quality of being bad.
G1776
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: en-okh-LEE-sai
Translations: to trouble, to annoy, to disturb, to harass
Notes: This word means to trouble, annoy, or disturb someone. It implies causing a nuisance or a burden to another person. It is used to describe the act of bothering or harassing someone, often to the point of causing distress or inconvenience.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΝΟΧΛΕΙΝ, ΕΝΟΧΛΕΙΣΘΑΙ
G0314
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-nahg-naws-THEN-tohn
Translations: of those having been read, when they had been read, after they were read
Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the verb 'to read' (γινώσκω) and the prefix 'ana-' (again, up, back). It means 'of those having been read' or 'when they had been read'. It is used to describe something that has already been read or publicly recited, often functioning adverbially to indicate a temporal relationship (after something was read).
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΝΩΣΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ἈΝΑΓΝΩΣΘΕΙΣ
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: grah-FEN-ton
Translations: of having been written, of having been drawn, of having been recorded
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'graphō', meaning 'to write', 'to draw', or 'to record'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred and functions like an adjective, modifying a noun. In this genitive plural form, it indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of those who have been written' or 'of the things that have been written'. It is a compound word, formed from the verb root 'graph-' and various suffixes indicating tense, voice, and case.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ
G0387
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-ZEV-ksan-tes
Translations: setting out, departing, breaking camp, marching away
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to 'set out' or 'depart'. It is often used in the context of breaking camp or beginning a journey, especially for an army or a group of travelers. It implies a movement from one place to another, often with the intention of continuing a journey.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ἈΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΒΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: From ἀνά (aná, 'up, back') and ζεύγνυμι (zeúgnymi, 'to yoke, to join'). The original sense was to unyoke animals from a wagon or plow to prepare for departure, or to yoke them up again for a new journey, hence 'to set out'.
G4710
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SPOO-dayn
Translations: haste, a haste, diligence, a diligence, earnestness, an earnestness, zeal, a zeal, eagerness, an eagerness, effort, an effort
Notes: This word refers to quickness, speed, or haste. It can also denote earnestness, diligence, or zealous effort in carrying out a task. It describes the quality of being eager and committed to something.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΑΧΟΣ, ΖΗΛΟΣ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΣΠΟΥΔΗ (spoudē) is derived from the verb σπεύδω (speudō), meaning 'to hasten' or 'to be eager'. It reflects the concept of moving quickly or acting with earnestness.
G2462
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: IP-poo
Translations: of a horse, of the horse, of horses, horses
Notes: This word refers to a horse. It is commonly used to denote the animal itself, often in contexts related to warfare, travel, or agriculture. It can appear in various grammatical cases depending on its function in a sentence, such as indicating possession (of a horse) or being the direct object (horses).
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine; or Plural, Nominative, Masculine; or Plural, Accusative, Masculine
G3793
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OKH-loo
Translations: of a crowd, of the crowd, of a multitude, of the multitude, of a throng, of the throng
Notes: This word refers to a crowd, multitude, or throng of people. It often implies a disorderly or unorganized group. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of a crowd' or 'belonging to a crowd'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΔΗΜΟΣ
G3913
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pah-rah-TAH-kseh-ohs
Translations: of battle array, of battle line, of battle, of array, of order
Notes: This word refers to the arrangement of troops for battle, a battle line, or the act of drawing up an army in formation. It can also refer more generally to an array or order. In a sentence, it would describe something belonging to or related to a military formation or a state of readiness for conflict.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΣΥΝΤΑΞΙΣ, ΜΑΧΗ
Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΑΤΑΞΙΣ is derived from the verb παρατάσσω (paratassō), meaning 'to arrange side by side' or 'to draw up in battle array'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to order'.
G0756
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: heer-XAHN-toh
Translations: they began, they started
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to begin' or 'to rule'. In this specific form, it indicates that a group of people 'began' or 'started' an action. It is often followed by an infinitive verb, indicating what they began to do.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΝΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΡΧΩ
G2967
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: koh-LOO-ayn
Translations: to hinder, to prevent, to forbid, to restrain, to keep back
Notes: This verb means to hinder, prevent, or forbid someone from doing something. It can be used to describe an action that stops or impedes another action or person. For example, one might hinder someone from entering a place, or prevent an event from occurring.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΑΠΟΚΩΛΥΩ
Etymology: From Koine Greek κωλύω (kōlúō), meaning 'to hinder, prevent'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to κῶλον (kōlon), meaning 'limb, member', perhaps implying a 'crippling' or 'impeding' action.
G3618
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: oy-ko-do-MOON-tas
Translations: building, constructing, edifying, those building, those constructing, those edifying
Notes: This word is a present active participle meaning 'building' or 'constructing'. It is often used to describe the act of erecting a structure or, metaphorically, to 'build up' or 'edify' someone spiritually. It is a compound word formed from 'οἶκος' (house) and 'δομέω' (to build).
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΤΙΖΩ, ΑΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΕΓΕΙΡΩ
G0691
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ehr-GEI
Translations: was idle, was inactive, was doing nothing, was unemployed
Notes: This word describes a state of being idle, inactive, or unemployed. It refers to someone who is not working or not engaged in any activity. It is often used to describe a lack of productivity or a state of rest from labor.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ἈΠΡΑΓΜΟΝΕΩ, ἈΠΡΑΚΤΕΩ
Etymology: From ἀργός (argos), meaning 'idle, inactive', which is a compound of the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) and ἔργον (ergon), meaning 'work'. Thus, it literally means 'without work'.
G3619
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-ko-do-MEE
Translations: building, a building, construction, edification
Notes: This word refers to the act of building or constructing something, such as a house or a temple. It can also refer to the structure that has been built. Metaphorically, it is often used to describe spiritual building up or edification, referring to the process of strengthening and encouraging someone in their faith or character.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΙΑ, ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΗ is a compound word derived from ΟΙΚΟΣ (oikos), meaning 'house', and ΔΟΜΗ (dome), meaning 'building' or 'structure'. It literally means 'house-building'.
G2413
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ee-eh-ROO
Translations: of holy, of sacred, of a temple, of the temple, of the sanctuary
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective 'ΙΕΡΟΣ' (hieros), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. When used with the definite article, it often functions as a noun, referring to 'the temple' or 'the sanctuary'. It indicates possession or origin, answering the question 'whose?' or 'from what?'. For example, 'the beauty of the temple' or 'the things of the sanctuary'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΥ, ΝΑΟΥ, ΒΗΛΟΥ
G3360
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEKH-ree
Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during
Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ
Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.
G1208
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: DEH-oo-teh-ROO
Translations: (of) second, (of) a second
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'second' in order, rank, or time. It is used to indicate something that follows the first. For example, it can describe the second person, the second day, or a second occurrence of an event. In the provided examples, 'ἐκ δευτέρου' functions adverbially, meaning 'a second time' or 'again'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: From the Greek word ΔΥΟ (duo), meaning 'two'.
G0932
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ee-ahs
Translations: of a kingdom, of a kingship, of a reign, of a royal power, of a realm, of a royal dominion, of a royal rule
Notes: This word refers to a kingdom, kingship, or royal power. It describes the domain or authority of a king, or the act of reigning. It is often used in the New Testament to refer to the 'kingdom of God' or 'kingdom of heaven'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ
G1152
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: da-REH-yoo
Translations: of Darius
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Darius, a common name for several kings of Persia mentioned in the Old Testament. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to saying 'belonging to Darius' or 'from Darius'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The name Darius is derived from Old Persian Dārayavauš, meaning 'he who holds firm the good' or 'he who upholds the good'. It was a royal name used by several Achaemenid kings of Persia.
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