2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G4253

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PRO

Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.

G1213

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: deh-dee-loh-MEH-nohn

Translations: of having been shown, of having been made clear, of having been declared, of having been revealed, of having been made known

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'of those who have been shown' or 'of things that have been made clear'. It describes something that has already been revealed or made evident. It is used in a genitive plural context, often referring to a group of people or things that have been previously indicated or explained.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΩΘΕΝΤΩΝ, ΓΝΩΣΘΕΝΤΩΝ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G0191

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-ko-LOO-thah

Translations: following, accompanying, consistent, suitable, appropriate, things that follow, things that accompany, things that are suitable, things that are appropriate

Notes: This word describes something that follows, accompanies, or is consistent with something else. It can refer to things that are suitable or appropriate in a given context. In the provided examples, it appears to be used in the neuter plural, referring to 'things that follow' or 'things that are appropriate' in a general sense.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΦΩΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΗΚΩΝ, ΕΠΙΤΗΔΕΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἀκόλουθος (akolouthos) comes from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'with', and κέλευθος (keleuthos), meaning 'path' or 'way'. Thus, it literally means 'one who is on the same path' or 'following the same way'.

G4377

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pros-EKH-ay

Translations: near, neighboring, adjacent, next, immediate, a near, a neighboring

Notes: This word describes something that is close by, adjacent, or immediately following in sequence or proximity. It is used to indicate a spatial or temporal closeness to something else. For example, it could refer to a 'neighboring' region or the 'next' day.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek προσέχω (prosechō, “to hold to, apply oneself to, attend to”), from πρός (pros, “to, toward”) + ἔχω (echō, “to have, hold”). The adjective form means 'holding to' or 'being near'.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G0243

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: AL-loo

Translations: of another, of others, elsewhere, to another place, to another

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another', or as an adverb meaning 'elsewhere' or 'to another place'. When used as an adjective, it refers to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. As an adverb, it indicates a different location or direction. It is an inflected form of the word 'ΑΛΛΟΣ'.

Inflection: Genitive Singular (Masculine or Neuter), or Adverb

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙ

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: TI-nos

Translations: of someone, of something, of anyone, of anything, of a certain one, of a certain thing, of what, of whom, whose

Notes: ΤΙΝΟΣ is the genitive singular form of the indefinite or interrogative pronoun 'τις'. As an indefinite pronoun, it refers to an unspecified person or thing, often translated as 'someone' or 'something'. As an interrogative pronoun, it asks about the identity or nature of a person or thing, translated as 'whose' or 'of what'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΙΝΩΝ, ΤΙΝΙ, ΤΙΝΑ

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G0052

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ag-NOY-ah

Translations: ignorance, a lack of knowledge, a want of knowledge

Notes: This word refers to a state of not knowing or being unaware of something. It describes a lack of information or understanding, often implying a blameless or unintentional state of not knowing.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΩΣΙΑ, ΑΜΑΘΙΑ, ΑΣΥΝΕΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἈΓΝΟΙΑ (agnoia) comes from the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and the verb γιγνώσκω (gignōskō), meaning 'to know'. Thus, it literally means 'not knowing'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G2873

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-MAH-ton

Translations: toil, a toil, labor, a labor, weariness, a weariness, trouble, a trouble

Notes: This word refers to hard work, physical exertion, or the resulting weariness and fatigue. It can also denote the trouble or distress caused by such effort. It is typically used to describe strenuous activity or the state of being exhausted from it.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΟΠΟΣ, ΜΟΧΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΜΑΤΟΣ is derived from the verb κάμνω (kamnō), meaning 'to work, to toil, to be weary'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G4307

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pro-may-THOO-meh-noy

Translations: providing for, taking thought for, foreseeing, being provident, those who provide, those who take thought

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'providing for oneself,' 'taking thought for,' or 'foreseeing.' It describes someone who is actively making provisions or considering future needs. It can be used to describe a group of people who are engaged in such an action.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΡΟΝΤΙΖΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G2477

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: his-toh-REE-an

Translations: history, a history, account, a narrative, story, a story, inquiry, a report

Notes: This word refers to a narrative, an account, or a story, particularly one based on inquiry or research. It can denote a historical record or a detailed report of events. It is used in sentences to refer to the subject matter of a written or oral account.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΗΓΗΣΙΣ, ΑΦΗΓΗΣΙΣ, ΛΟΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ' comes from the verb 'ἱστορέω' (historeō), meaning 'to inquire, to learn by inquiry, to examine'. This verb is related to 'ἵστωρ' (histōr), meaning 'one who knows, an expert, a judge'. The ultimate origin is from Proto-Indo-European, referring to knowledge or wisdom.

G0050

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-gno-oo-MEH-non

Translations: (of) unknown things, (of) things unknown, (of) those who are ignorant, (of) those who are unaware

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἀγνοέω', meaning 'to be ignorant' or 'not to know'. In this form, it is a genitive plural, referring to 'of things that are unknown' or 'of those who are ignorant/unaware'. It describes a state of lacking knowledge or awareness about something.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΩΣΤΩΝ, ΑΠΕΙΡΩΝ

G1163

Part of Speech: Impersonal Verb

Sounds like: DEH-ee

Translations: it is necessary, one must, it is proper, it behooves

Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'one must'. It expresses a strong sense of obligation, necessity, or inevitability. It is often used with an infinitive to indicate what must be done or what is destined to happen.

Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (to shine, to gleam), which developed into the sense of 'to be visible, to appear', and then 'to be proper, to be necessary'.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G518

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-pang-geh-LEE-as

Translations: of a report, of a message, of a declaration, of a proclamation

Notes: This word refers to a report, message, or declaration. It signifies the act of bringing news or making something known, often in an official or formal capacity. It is used to describe the content that is reported or announced.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΓΕΛΙΑ, ΜΗΝΥΣΙΣ, ΕΚΔΟΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἀπαγγέλλω (apangellō), meaning 'to report, announce', which is formed from ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and ἀγγέλλω (angellō, 'to announce, bring news').

G2570

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KAL-los

Translations: beauty, a beauty, splendor, glory

Notes: This word refers to beauty, splendor, or glory. It is often used to describe physical attractiveness or the magnificent appearance of something. It can also refer to the inherent excellence or glory of a person or thing. In the provided examples, it is used to describe the beauty of gold, the splendor of God's glory, and the beauty of Jerusalem.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΩΡΑΙΟΤΗΣ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΕΙΑ, ΔΟΞΑ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΛΛΟΣ derives from the adjective καλός (kalos), meaning 'beautiful, good'. It refers to the quality or state of being beautiful.

G3745

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: OH-son

Translations: as much as, as many as, as great as, how much, how many, how great, as far as, as long as, as soon as, as

Notes: This word is a relative adjective or pronominal adjective, meaning 'as much as' or 'as many as'. It is often used to indicate quantity, extent, or degree. When used as an adverb, it can mean 'as far as', 'as long as', or 'as soon as'. It can introduce a clause that specifies a measure or comparison. For example, 'as much as you want' or 'as many people as there are'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΠΟΣΟΣ, ΗΛΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun *ho* (the) and the suffix -sos, indicating quantity or measure. It is related to ὅς (hos, 'who, which') and τοσοῦτος (tosoutos, 'so great, so much').

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOOT

Translations: this, that, this one, that one, of this, of that, to this, to that

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun and adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific, either nearby or previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, referring to a person or thing. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the context, often emphasizing proximity or a specific reference.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G0718

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: har-mo-NEE-as

Translations: of harmony, of agreement, of fitting together, harmony, agreement, fitting together

Notes: This word refers to a fitting together, agreement, or harmony. It describes a state where different parts or elements are well-adjusted and congruent, creating a pleasing or functional whole. It can be used in contexts ranging from musical harmony to the agreement between people or the proper arrangement of things.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΦΩΝΙΑ, ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἀρμόζω (harmozo), meaning 'to join, to fit together'. It relates to the idea of things being properly joined or fitted.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-sah

Translations: as many as, all that, whatever, how many, all things whatsoever, whatever things

Notes: This word is the neuter plural form of the relative pronoun/adjective ὅσος (hosos). It means 'as many as' or 'all that/which' and is used to introduce a relative clause, referring to an indefinite quantity or number of things. It can function as both a pronoun (e.g., 'whatever things') or an adjective (e.g., 'as many things as'). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: PANTA, HAPAS

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode, 'this') and the interrogative pronoun τίς (tis, 'who? what?').

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G4820

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-BAL-leh-tai

Translations: it contributes, it helps, it meets, it encounters, it confers, it comes together, it joins, it compares

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (ballō, meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'). It generally means 'to throw together' or 'to bring together'. Depending on the context, it can mean to contribute or help, to meet or encounter someone, to confer or discuss, or to compare things. It can also describe things coming together or joining.

Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Middle or Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΕΩ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΩ, ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G2889

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOS-mon

Translations: world, a world, universe, an universe, adornment, an adornment, order, an order

Notes: This word refers to the world, the universe, or the created order. It can also mean adornment, decoration, or arrangement. In the New Testament, it often refers to humanity or the sinful world system, but can also refer to the physical world. As an accusative noun, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ, ΑΙΩΝ

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LO-go

Translations: (to) word, (to) reason, (to) account, (to) saying, (to) message, (to) speech, (to) matter, (to) thing, by word, by reason, by account, by saying, by message, by speech, by matter, by thing

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' (logos). 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' is a fundamental term in Greek, meaning 'word,' 'reason,' 'account,' 'speech,' or 'message.' In its dative form 'ΛΟΓΩ,' it often indicates the indirect object of an action, the means or instrument by which something is done, or the cause or reason for something. It can be translated with prepositions like 'to,' 'for,' 'by,' or 'with,' depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

G0314

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-nahg-noh-SOH-meh-noys

Translations: to those who are about to read, to those who will read, to those who are going to read

Notes: This word is a future participle, meaning 'those who are about to read' or 'those who will read'. It describes people who are in the process of, or are designated to, read something. It is often used in contexts referring to an audience or recipients of written material.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Future, Middle Voice, Participle

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΙΓΝΩΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ, ἈΝΑΓΙΓΝΩΣΚΟΥΣΙΝ

Etymology: The word ἀναγιγνώσκω is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb γιγνώσκω (gignōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. Together, it conveys the sense of 'to know again' or 'to read'.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3880

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-lam-BAH-noy-en

Translations: they might receive, they might take along, they might take over, they might take to oneself, they might take

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from παρά (para, "alongside") and λαμβάνω (lambanō, "to take"). It means to receive, to take along, to take over, or to take to oneself. It implies taking something or someone into one's possession, company, or care, often with the nuance of taking something from another or taking it alongside oneself. It can be used in contexts of receiving instruction, taking a person with you, or taking possession of something.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Optative Mood, Present Tense, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

G3123

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G4744

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: stokh-AD-es-thai

Translations: to aim at, to guess, to conjecture, to infer, to hit the mark, to speculate

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to aim at' or 'to guess'. It implies an attempt to hit a target, either literally or figuratively, or to form an opinion or conclusion based on incomplete information. It can be used in contexts where one is trying to figure something out, make an estimate, or direct one's efforts towards a goal.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΚΑΖΩ, ΜΑΝΤΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word Στοχάζομαι (stochazomai) comes from the Greek word στόχος (stochos), meaning 'a target' or 'a mark'. The verb therefore means 'to aim at a target' or 'to hit the mark'.

G227

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: tah-lay-THEH

Translations: the true things, the truths, truth

Notes: This word is a contraction of the definite article ΤΑ (the) and the adjective ἈΛΗΘΗ (true, real). The coronis (apostrophe-like mark) indicates that the final vowel of ΤΑ has been elided before the initial vowel of ἈΛΗΘΗ. It is the neuter plural form of the adjective, often used substantively to mean 'the true things' or 'the truths'. It refers to facts, realities, or genuine matters.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἈΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ

G1492

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-sah-sin

Translations: they know, they understand

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to know' or 'to understand'. It describes an action performed by a group of people, indicating that 'they' possess knowledge or comprehension of something. It is used in sentences where a subject (plural) is stated to have knowledge.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: The root word ΟΙΔΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see' or 'to know'. It is a perfect tense form used with a present meaning, indicating a state of knowing that results from a past act of seeing or perceiving.

G4100

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pis-TEH-oo-een

Translations: to believe, to trust, to have faith, to be convinced

Notes: This word means to believe, to trust, or to have faith in someone or something. It implies a conviction or reliance. It is often used in the New Testament to describe faith in God or Jesus Christ, indicating a deep conviction and commitment. It can also be used in a more general sense of believing a statement or a person.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑ, ΠΕΙΘΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ (pisteuō) comes from the Greek word ΠΙΣΤΙΣ (pistis), meaning 'faith' or 'trust'. It is related to the concept of being persuaded or convinced.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G3195

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: MEL-loo-sin

Translations: they are about to, they intend, they are going to, they will

Notes: This word indicates an action that is about to happen, an intention, or a future event. It often functions as an auxiliary verb, similar to 'to be going to' or 'to be about to' in English, preceding an infinitive to express future tense or strong intention. It can also mean 'to delay' or 'to hesitate' in some contexts.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ἘΣΟΜΑΙ, ΟΦΕΙΛΩ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΛΛΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to delay, to be slow'. In Greek, it evolved to signify being on the point of doing something, hence its use for future intention.

G4393

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pro-tee-MOHN-tas

Translations: preferring, valuing more, honoring above, esteeming more highly

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'preferring' or 'valuing more highly'. It describes an action of giving preference or greater honor to something or someone. It is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and τιμάω (timaō), meaning 'to honor' or 'to value'. Thus, it literally means 'to honor before' or 'to value before', leading to the sense of preferring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΛΕΓΟΜΑΙ, ΜΑΛΛΟΝ

G3880

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pah-rah-lah-BON-tos

Translations: (of) having received, (of) having taken, (of) having taken along, (of) having taken over, (of) having accepted

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having received' or 'having taken over'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can also convey a temporal or causal relationship to the main verb of the sentence. In this genitive form, it often indicates possession or the subject of a genitive absolute construction.

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΛΑΒΟΝΤΟΣ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΥ, ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΥ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΑΡΑ (para), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. The combination suggests taking something from beside or from someone, hence 'receiving' or 'taking over'.

G3648

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: oh-lym-PI-ah-doss

Translations: of an Olympiad, of the Olympiad

Notes: This word refers to an Olympiad, which was a period of four years, especially as used in ancient Greece for dating events, with the Olympic Games being held at the end of each period. It is used to indicate a specific time frame or a particular occurrence of the Olympic Games.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: From Ὄλυμπος (Olympos), referring to Mount Olympus, the site of the ancient Olympic Games, and the suffix -ιάς (-ias) indicating a period or group.

G3333

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: meh-TEL-loo

Translations: Metellus

Notes: This is the name of a prominent Roman family, the Caecilii Metelli, who were influential during the Roman Republic. The form 'ΜΕΤΕΛΛΟΥ' is the genitive singular case of the name 'Metellus', indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of Metellus'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Metellus' is of Latin origin, a Roman cognomen (surname) used by the plebeian gens Caecilia. Its exact etymology is uncertain, but it was a common and distinguished name in ancient Rome.

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G1941

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-ka-LEH-toh

Translations: he was called, he was named, he was appealing, he was invoking, he was calling upon

Notes: This word is the imperfect middle/passive indicative form of the verb 'epikaleō'. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. In the middle voice, it means 'to call upon oneself' or 'to appeal to', often for help or authority. In the passive voice, it means 'to be called' or 'to be named'. The context determines whether it refers to someone being called or named, or someone calling upon or appealing to someone else.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ

G1627

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-FEH-rei

Translations: brings out, carries out, produces, bears, brings forth

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (out of) and the verb 'φέρω' (to carry, to bear). It means to bring or carry something out from a place, to produce or yield something (like fruit from a tree or crops from the ground), or to bring forth something into existence. It can also imply revealing or disclosing something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΦΕΡΩ, ΕΞΑΓΩ, ΠΡΟΑΓΩ

G0713

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-ris-TOH-boo-los

Translations: Aristobulus

Notes: Aristobulus is a male proper name of Greek origin. It was a common name among Hellenistic rulers and prominent figures, including members of the Hasmonean dynasty and the family of Herod the Great. The name is a compound word meaning 'best counselor' or 'best-advising'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Ἀριστόβουλος (Aristoboulos) is derived from the Greek words ἄριστος (aristos), meaning 'best' or 'excellent', and βουλή (boulē), meaning 'counsel' or 'plan'.

G3163

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MA-khees

Translations: of battle, of fight, of combat, of a battle, of a fight, of a combat

Notes: This word refers to a battle, fight, or combat. It is used to describe a physical conflict or struggle between individuals or groups. As a noun, it can function as the subject or object of a sentence, or in this genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΟΥ, ΑΓΩΝΟΣ, ΕΡΙΔΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΗ (machē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *magh-, meaning 'to be able, to have power'. It is related to words signifying struggle or combat.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nays

Translations: (of) having become, (of) having happened, (of) being, (of) coming into existence, (of) being born, (of) being made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring, often functioning like a verbal adjective or an adverbial clause. In this form, it indicates a feminine singular genitive relationship, often translated as 'of having become' or 'when it became' in a genitive absolute construction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Aorist Middle Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G80

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FON

Translations: brother, a brother, fellowman, countryman, kinsman

Notes: This word refers to a brother by birth, but it can also be used more broadly to refer to a fellow countryman, a kinsman, or a spiritual brother (such as a fellow believer in a religious community). It is often used in the New Testament to address members of the Christian community. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition when in the accusative case.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΟΜΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΔΕΛΦΟΣ is a compound word derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ow-toh-mo-LOO-sin

Translations: they desert, they defect, they go over, they betray

Notes: This word describes the action of deserting or defecting, often from one's military or political allegiance. It implies a change of loyalty or a going over to the opposing side. It is used to describe a group of people performing this action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ, ΑΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ, ΠΡΟΣΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos), meaning 'self', and ΜΟΛΕΩ (moleō), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Thus, it literally means 'to come by oneself' or 'to go of one's own accord', implying a voluntary act of desertion.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-noo

Translations: having become, having come to pass, of having become, of having come to pass

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be born.' As a genitive singular participle, it often indicates a causal or temporal relationship, meaning 'of one who has become' or 'when something has happened.' It describes an action that has already taken place and is often used to modify a noun in the genitive case.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

G0001

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-KRO-po-lin

Translations: acropolis, a citadel, a fortress

Notes: This word refers to the highest and most fortified part of an ancient Greek city, often built on a hill. It served as a defensive stronghold and often contained important temples and public buildings. It is a compound word formed from 'ἄκρος' (akros), meaning 'highest' or 'uppermost', and 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΚΡΑ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ, ΠΟΛΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΚΡΟΠΟΛΙΣ' is a compound of two Greek words: 'ἄκρος' (akros), meaning 'highest' or 'uppermost', and 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city'. It literally translates to 'highest city' or 'city on the edge'.

G4846

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-BAH-ee-nen

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it occurred, it resulted, it turned out, it befell

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (together with) and the verb ΒΑΙΝΩ (to go). It means 'to go together with' or 'to come together', and by extension, 'to happen', 'to occur', or 'to turn out'. It describes an event or outcome that takes place, often implying a natural or logical consequence. It is frequently used impersonally, as in 'it happened that...' or 'it came to pass that...'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΒΑΙΝΩ (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Its meaning evolved from 'to go together' to 'to come to pass' or 'to happen'.

G2716

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teerKH-thai

Translations: to be confined, to be imprisoned, to be shut up, to be restrained

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb εἴργω (eirgo, meaning 'to shut in' or 'to confine'). In its perfect passive infinitive form, it means 'to have been confined' or 'to have been shut up'. It describes a state of being held or restrained, often in a place like a prison or a fortress.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΕΥΩ, ΦΥΛΑΚΙΖΩ, ΣΥΓΚΛΕΙΩ

G3816

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PAI-das

Translations: children, boys, servants, slaves

Notes: This word refers to children, particularly boys, but can also denote young people in general, or even servants and slaves regardless of age, depending on the context. It is used here in the accusative plural form, indicating that the children/boys/servants are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΑ, ΥΙΟΙ, ΔΟΥΛΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΑΙΣ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'child' or 'boy'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that refer to young people or offspring.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G2531

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: KAH-thohss

Translations: just as, even as, according as, as, exactly as, in proportion as, like, according to, inasmuch as

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, meaning 'as' or 'how'). It functions as an adverb or conjunction, primarily used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done or happens in the same way as something else. It can also express correspondence or proportion, meaning 'inasmuch as' or 'to the extent that'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how').

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: an-tee-sta-see-OH-tas

Translations: rebel, opponent, adversary, a rebel, an opponent, an adversary

Notes: This word refers to a rebel, an opponent, or an adversary. It describes someone who stands against or resists another, often in a hostile or defiant manner. It is used to denote a person engaged in opposition or rebellion.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ, ἈΝΤΙΔΙΚΟΣ, ἈΝΤΙΠΑΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound derived from ἀντί (anti, meaning 'against') and στάσις (stasis, meaning 'standing' or 'rebellion'). It refers to one who takes a stand against something or someone.

G2607

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-FYOO-gon-tas

Translations: having fled for refuge, having taken refuge, having sought refuge

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καταφεύγω', meaning 'to flee for refuge' or 'to take refuge'. It describes an action of seeking safety or shelter, often by fleeing to a specific place or person. As a participle, it functions adjectivally or adverbially, describing someone who has performed this action.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΕΥΓΩ

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-ROO

Translations: of holy, of sacred, of a temple, of the temple, of the sanctuary

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective 'ΙΕΡΟΣ' (hieros), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. When used with the definite article, it often functions as a noun, referring to 'the temple' or 'the sanctuary'. It indicates possession or origin, answering the question 'whose?' or 'from what?'. For example, 'the beauty of the temple' or 'the things of the sanctuary'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΥ, ΝΑΟΥ, ΒΗΛΟΥ

G4033

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-ree-BOH-lon

Translations: enclosure, a enclosure, wall, a wall, fence, a fence, circuit, a circuit, surrounding area, a surrounding area

Notes: This word refers to something that surrounds or encloses, such as a wall, a fence, a boundary, or a defined area. It can describe a physical structure or a conceptual space that encompasses something.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΦΡΑΓΜΟΣ, ΚΥΚΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. It literally means 'that which is thrown around' or 'that which surrounds'.

G0142

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: A-ree

Translations: he takes, she takes, it takes, he lifts, she lifts, it lifts, he carries, she carries, it carries, he removes, she removes, it removes

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to take, lift, carry, or remove. It is used to describe an action where something is picked up, carried away, or taken possession of. Its meaning can vary depending on the context, often implying either a physical act of lifting or a more abstract act of taking away or choosing.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΠΑΙΡΩ

G4316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-bal-OHN

Translations: having attacked, having assaulted, having thrown against, having applied, having brought to bear

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb προσβάλλω (prosballō). It describes an action that has been completed in the past, often indicating the subject 'having done' something. It is a compound word formed from πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw'. Therefore, it literally means 'to throw towards' or 'to throw against'. In a military context, it refers to launching an attack or assault. It can also mean to apply something, or to bring something to bear upon another.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΦΟΔΕΥΩ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word προσβάλλω (prosballō) is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, toward, against', and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw, cast'. Its meaning developed from the literal sense of 'throwing towards' to 'attacking' or 'applying'.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-ee-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having made, having done, having produced, having performed, having created, having appointed, having caused

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In this form, it indicates an action performed by the subject for themselves or in their own interest (middle voice). It can be translated as 'having made' or 'having done', often implying the completion of an action that leads to a subsequent event.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G2647

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-LOO-eh-tai

Translations: is destroyed, is overthrown, is abolished, is dissolved, is lodged, is broken down

Notes: This word means to destroy, abolish, overthrow, dissolve, or lodge. In the form 'ΚΑΤΑΛΥΕΤΑΙ', it is used in the passive voice, indicating that something 'is being destroyed', 'is being overthrown', 'is being abolished', or 'is being dissolved'. It can also mean 'to be lodged' or 'to be accommodated', especially in the context of staying somewhere overnight. It implies a bringing to an end or a breaking down of something.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΩ, ΛΥΩ

G2189

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EKH-thran

Translations: enmity, hatred, hostility, a hatred

Notes: This word refers to a state of deep-seated hostility, animosity, or hatred. It describes a condition of being an enemy or having an adversarial relationship with someone or something. It is often used to describe a strong, active dislike or opposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΙΣΟΣ, ἈΝΤΙΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek word ἔχθρος (echthros), meaning 'hated' or 'hostile', which itself is derived from a root meaning 'to hate'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G0936

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-oo-een

Translations: to reign, to rule, to be king, to be a king

Notes: This word means to reign, to rule, or to act as a king. As an infinitive, it often functions like an English 'to' verb, indicating purpose or result, such as 'to reign' or 'for ruling'. It describes the exercise of royal authority or sovereignty.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΕΙΝ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΕΙΝ

Etymology: The word ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΩ (basileuō) comes from the noun ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ (basileus), meaning 'king'. It describes the action or state of being a king.

G0713

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-ris-TO-boo-lon

Translations: Aristobulus

Notes: This is a Greek proper name, meaning 'best counsel' or 'best advisor'. It was a common name in antiquity, borne by several historical figures, including members of the Herodian dynasty and a Jewish high priest. In a sentence, it would refer to a specific individual named Aristobulus, often as the direct object of a verb.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Aristobulus is derived from the Greek words 'aristos' (ἄριστος), meaning 'best' or 'excellent', and 'boulē' (βουλή), meaning 'counsel' or 'advice'.

G0677

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ah-prag-MOH-nohs

Translations: quietly, peacefully, without meddling, without interfering, without being busy

Notes: This word describes an action performed in a quiet, peaceful, or non-interfering manner. It suggests a disposition to avoid unnecessary involvement, busyness, or meddling in others' affairs. It can be used to describe someone who lives a tranquil life or acts without causing disturbance.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἩΣΥΧΩΣ, ἩΣΥΧΑΙΩΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΠΡΑΓΜΟΝΩΣ (apragmonos) is an adverb derived from the adjective ἀπράγμων (apragmon), meaning 'not meddling, quiet, free from business'. This adjective is formed from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) and πράγμων (pragmon), which relates to πρᾶγμα (pragma), meaning 'deed, affair, business'.

G2592

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kar-POO-meh-non

Translations: bearing fruit, producing fruit, profiting, gaining, a bearing fruit, a producing fruit

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'karpoō', meaning 'to bear fruit' or 'to profit'. It describes something or someone that is currently producing or gaining something. It can be used to describe a person who is profiting from something, or land that is yielding a harvest.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΑΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΚΕΡΔΑΙΝΩ

G5225

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-PAR-khoo-san

Translations: existing, being, being in existence, being present, being available, having, possessing, a being, a having

Notes: This word is a present active participle, feminine, singular, accusative of the verb 'ΥΠΑΡΧΩ'. It describes something that is currently existing, being, or present. It can also refer to something that one possesses or has. In a sentence, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing a feminine singular object that is in the state of existing or being possessed.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Feminine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπό (hypó, “under”) + ἄρχω (árkhō, “to begin, to rule”). The combination originally meant 'to begin under' or 'to be at the beginning', evolving to 'to exist' or 'to be present'.

G2413, G2411

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-ROH

Translations: holy, sacred, temple, a temple, sacred place, a sacred place, (to) a temple, (to) a sacred place

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'holy' or 'sacred', or as a noun meaning 'temple' or 'sacred place'. When used as a noun, it refers to a sacred building or area, often specifically the Temple in Jerusalem. As an adjective, it describes something set apart for God or dedicated to religious purposes. In the provided form, it is in the dative case, indicating 'to' or 'for' a holy thing or place.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἱερός (hieros) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to sacrifice, to consecrate'. It is related to words signifying 'sacred' or 'holy' in various Indo-European languages.

G4934

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-the-MEH-noy

Translations: having agreed, having covenanted, having made a compact, having arranged, having put together

Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb συντίθημι (syntithēmi), meaning 'to put together with' or 'to agree with'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, indicating that the subject has come to an agreement, made a compact, or arranged something. It is often used to refer to those who have entered into an agreement or covenant.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΛΟΓΗΣΑΝΤΕΣ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΗΣΑΝΤΕΣ

G3727

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OR-koys

Translations: oaths, to oaths, by oaths

Notes: This word refers to solemn promises or vows, often made with an appeal to a divine being or a sacred object as a witness. It is used to denote a formal declaration or pledge, and in the provided context, it appears in the dative plural, indicating 'to oaths' or 'by means of oaths'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΛΟΓΙΑ, ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ

Etymology: The word "ΟΡΚΟΣ" (horkos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *serk- meaning 'to fence, to enclose', implying a boundary or a binding agreement.

G1188

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: dex-ee-AHS

Translations: right, right hand, right side, right-hand side

Notes: This word describes something located on the right side or pertaining to the right hand. It is often used to indicate direction or position, such as 'on the right' or 'to the right'. It can also refer to the right hand itself, which in ancient cultures often symbolized strength, authority, or favor.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΞΙΟΣ, ΔΕΞΙΑ, ΔΕΞΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'δεξιός' (dexios) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deḱs- meaning 'right'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to the right side or hand.

G4102

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pis-TOH-sah-MEH-noi

Translations: having affirmed, having confirmed, having made trustworthy, having given assurance, having been assured

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'pistoo'. It describes an action that has been completed by the subject, meaning 'having affirmed' or 'having confirmed' something, or 'having made something trustworthy'. It can also mean 'having been assured' or 'having been made certain'. It indicates a past action with ongoing relevance.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΕΒΑΙΌΩ, ΚΥΡΌΩ

G3671

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ho-mo-lo-GHEE-as

Translations: of confession, of profession, of declaration, of agreement, of covenant, of a promise, of a thank-offering, of a vow

Notes: This word refers to a confession, profession, or declaration, often implying an agreement or covenant. It can also refer to a thank-offering or a vow, particularly in a religious context. In the provided examples, it appears to refer to offerings or declarations made to God.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΜΟΛΟΓΗΣΙΣ, ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ

Etymology: The word ΟΜΟΛΟΓΙΑ (homologia) comes from the Greek words ὁμός (homos), meaning 'same' or 'common', and λόγος (logos), meaning 'word' or 'speech'. Thus, it literally means 'speaking the same word' or 'agreement'.

G2709

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-spah-SAH-meh-noy

Translations: pulling down, dragging down, tearing down, drawing down

Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the preposition 'κατά' (down, against) and the verb 'σπάω' (to draw, to pull). It describes the action of pulling or dragging something downwards, or tearing something down. It can be used to describe people who are pulling others down, or things that are being torn down. It implies a forceful or decisive action of bringing something or someone down.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΑΙΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΛΚΟΝΤΕΣ

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thooss

Translations: of a multitude, of a crowd, of a great number, of a throng, of a quantity, of a great amount, of a fullness, of a great company

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things, a multitude, or a crowd. It can also denote a great amount or fullness. It is used to describe a large gathering of people or a significant quantity of something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΜΑ

Etymology: From the root *pleth-, related to the idea of being full or abundant. It is connected to the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁- meaning 'to fill'.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ho-RON-tos

Translations: of seeing, of looking, of perceiving, of observing, of beholding

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'οράω' (horaō), meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action. In this genitive singular form, it often translates as 'of one who sees' or 'of him who sees', indicating possession or relationship to the act of seeing. It can be used to describe someone who is actively observing or perceiving something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΟΝΤΟΣ, ΘΕΩΡΟΥΝΤΟΣ

G0340

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-KHO-ray-san

Translations: they withdrew, they departed, they went away, they retired

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb ἀναχωρέω (anachōreō). It means to withdraw, depart, or go away, often implying a movement from one place to another, or a retreat. It can be used to describe people leaving a location, or retreating from a situation.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΧΩΡΕΩ, ΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναχωρέω (anachōreō) is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to make room, go, proceed'. Thus, it literally means 'to go back' or 'to make room away from'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G0932

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ah

Translations: kingdom, reign, royal power, a kingdom

Notes: This word refers to a kingdom, royal rule, or sovereignty. It can denote the territory ruled by a king, the act of reigning, or the abstract concept of kingship or royal authority. It is often used in the New Testament to refer to the 'kingdom of God' or 'kingdom of heaven'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word βασιλεύς (basileus), meaning 'king'. It refers to the domain or authority of a king.

G2399

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: id-ee-OH-tace

Translations: private person, common person, unlearned person, layman, an unskillful person, an unskilled person

Notes: This word refers to a private person, someone not holding public office, or a common individual. It can also denote someone who is unlearned, unskillful, or a layman, particularly in contrast to those with specialized knowledge or training. It describes someone who is ordinary or lacking professional expertise.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΟΣ, ΑΜΑΘΗΣ, ΑΠΕΙΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἴδιος (idios), meaning 'one's own, private, peculiar'. The suffix -της (-tes) indicates a person associated with or characterized by the root. Thus, it refers to a person who is 'private' or 'one's own', leading to the meaning of a private citizen or an unskilled person.

G5177

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: TIN-khan-ohn

Translations: obtaining, happening, being, meeting, reaching, getting, attaining, falling upon, occurring, a happening, an obtaining

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'τυγχάνω'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It can mean 'to obtain' or 'to happen,' and its specific meaning often depends on the context. It can also be used to describe someone 'being' in a certain state or 'meeting' someone or something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G5384

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: FEE-loss

Translations: dear, beloved, friendly, a friend, a lover

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'dear,' 'beloved,' or 'friendly,' or as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'lover.' As an adjective, it describes someone or something that is cherished or held in affection. As a noun, it refers to a person with whom one has a bond of mutual affection. It is often used to describe close relationships.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'philos' comes from an ancient root meaning 'to love' or 'to be fond of.' It is related to other words in Greek that express affection and friendship.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G0493

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-pa-tros

Translations: Antipas, Antipater

Notes: This is a masculine proper noun, referring to a personal name. It was a common name in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, borne by several historical figures, including a son of Herod the Great (Herod Antipas). It is used to identify a specific individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name is of Greek origin, meaning 'like the father' or 'instead of the father'. It is a compound word derived from 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'instead of' or 'like', and 'πατήρ' (patēr), meaning 'father'.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: leh-GO-meh-noss

Translations: being said, being spoken, being called, called, named, the one being said, the one being called

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes something or someone that is being said, spoken about, or called. It often functions as an adjective meaning 'called' or 'named', or as a noun referring to 'the one being called' or 'the one being spoken of'. It can be used to introduce a common name or a description of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G2141

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-POH-reh-ee

Translations: to be well off, to prosper, to have plenty, to have resources, to be rich

Notes: This verb describes the state of having ample resources, being prosperous, or having a good supply of something, often money or provisions. It implies being in a comfortable or advantageous financial position. It can be used to describe someone who is wealthy or has sufficient means.

Inflection: Third-person singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΛΟΥΤΕΩ, ΕΥ̓ΘΗΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΠΟΡΕΩ is a compound word derived from the Greek prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'well' or 'good', and ΠΟΡΟΣ (poros), meaning 'passage', 'means', or 'resource'. Thus, it literally means 'having good means' or 'having good resources'.

G1459

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: dras-TEE-ree-os

Translations: active, effective, energetic, potent, powerful, capable

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is capable of action, effective, or powerful. It is used to characterize a person or thing that is active, efficient, or has a strong influence or capacity to achieve results.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΝΕΡΓΗΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word δραστήριος (drastērios) is derived from the Greek verb δράω (draō), meaning 'to do' or 'to act'. It describes something that is capable of doing or acting.

G5449

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: FY-sin

Translations: nature, a nature, kind, a kind, birth, a birth, natural order, a natural order, natural disposition, a natural disposition

Notes: This word refers to the inherent character, constitution, or essential quality of something or someone. It can describe the natural order of things, the way something is born or comes into being, or the innate disposition of a person or animal. It is often used in contrast to things that are artificial, man-made, or contrary to the natural order.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΟΥΣΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΙΣ

G4716

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stah-see-AS-tays

Translations: rebel, insurgent, rioter, a rebel, an insurgent, a rioter

Notes: This word refers to a person who causes or participates in a rebellion, insurrection, or riot. It describes someone who is a troublemaker or instigator of civil unrest. It is used to denote an individual who is actively involved in sedition or factionalism.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ, ΤΑΡΑΧΟΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ (stasiastēs) is derived from the Greek word ΣΤΑΣΙΣ (stasis), meaning 'a standing, a party, a faction, dissension, sedition, rebellion'. It refers to one who engages in 'stasis'.

G0245

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: al-lo-TREE-ohs

Translations: as a stranger, in a foreign manner, alienly

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'as a stranger' or 'in a foreign manner'. It describes an action performed in a way that is not native or familiar, or by someone who is an outsider. For example, one might act 'alienly' or 'as a stranger' when in an unfamiliar place or among unfamiliar people.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΞΕΝΩΣ

Etymology: Derived from the adjective ἈΛΛΟΤΡΙΟΣ (allotrios), meaning 'belonging to another, foreign', which itself comes from ἈΛΛΟΣ (allos), meaning 'other'.

G3305

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN-toy

Translations: however, certainly, indeed, nevertheless, yet, truly

Notes: ΜΕΝΤΟΙ is a particle used to introduce a strong contrast or to emphasize a statement. It often means 'however' or 'nevertheless' when introducing a contrasting idea, or 'certainly' or 'indeed' when adding emphasis to a preceding statement. It can be used to affirm something strongly or to mark a transition to a more important or contrasting point.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΔΕ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: From the particle μέν (men) meaning 'on the one hand' or 'indeed', and τοι (toi) meaning 'surely' or 'indeed'. It combines these elements to form a stronger emphatic or adversative particle.

G5346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PHAY-sin

Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said

Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G1085

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GEH-nos

Translations: race, kind, family, nation, offspring, stock, a race, a kind

Notes: This word refers to a group of people or things sharing a common origin, characteristic, or lineage. It can denote a family, a nation, a race, a species, or a type. It is often used to describe a lineage or descent, such as 'the race of Israel' or 'the family of David'. It can also refer to a general category or kind of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁- meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generation' in English.

G0864

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-fih-koh-MEH-nohn

Translations: having come, having arrived, having reached, of those who have come, of those who have arrived, of those who have reached

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'aphikneomai', meaning 'to come' or 'to arrive'. As a genitive plural participle, it typically functions as a possessive or descriptive phrase, often translated as 'of those who have come' or 'when they had arrived'. It describes an action that has been completed by multiple subjects, and the phrase it belongs to is in the genitive case.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΛΘΟΝΤΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G5483

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kha-ri-ZOH-meh-nos

Translations: granting, giving freely, showing favor, forgiving, bestowing, pardoning

Notes: This word is a present participle, active voice, middle/passive form, derived from the verb 'χαρίζω'. It describes the action of granting something as a favor, giving freely, showing kindness or favor, or forgiving. It implies an act of grace or benevolence. It can be used to describe someone who is in the act of granting or forgiving.

Inflection: Present, Participle, Middle/Passive, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ

Etymology: From 'χάρις' (charis), meaning 'grace' or 'favor'. The verb 'χαρίζω' means 'to show favor' or 'to do something agreeable'.

G5177

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: too-KHEES

Translations: of fortune, of chance, of luck, fortune, a fortune, chance, a chance, luck, a luck

Notes: This word is a noun referring to fortune, chance, or luck. It describes the outcome of events, whether good or bad, that are not necessarily attributed to divine will or human effort but rather to an unpredictable force. It is often used in contexts discussing the unpredictable nature of life or the role of fate.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΕΙΜΑΡΜΕΝΗ

Etymology: From the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen, to obtain by chance'.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-noh

Translations: having become, having happened, having been born, to have become, to have happened, to have been born

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' or 'to be born.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It can be translated as 'having become,' 'having happened,' or 'having been born,' often indicating a state or event that has come into being.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine or Neuter, Dative, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G2540

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kai-RON

Translations: time, a time, season, a season, opportune time, a opportune time, proper time, a proper time

Notes: This word refers to a specific, appointed, or opportune time, a critical moment, or a season, rather than general chronological time (which is 'χρόνος'). It often implies a qualitative aspect of time, emphasizing the right or fitting moment for something. In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative case, indicating the object of an action or a duration.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΩΡΑ, ΕΠΟΧΗ

Etymology: The etymology of 'καιρός' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'fitting' or 'proper'.

G1213

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: day-LOH-soh-men

Translations: we will make clear, we will show, we will declare, we will reveal

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make clear,' 'to show,' 'to declare,' or 'to reveal.' It is used to express an action that will be performed by a group (we) in the future, indicating that they will make something known or evident.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, First Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΩΣΟΜΕΝ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΟΜΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΔΗΛΟΩ comes from the adjective ΔΗΛΟΣ (delos), meaning 'visible' or 'clear.' It signifies the act of making something visible or clear.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G5105

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOY-noon

Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so then

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate a logical consequence or transition. It often introduces a conclusion, a summary, or a new point that follows from what has just been said. It can be translated as 'therefore,' 'then,' or 'accordingly,' signaling that what follows is a result or a logical next step.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the demonstrative particle τοι (toi), meaning 'indeed, surely,' and the enclitic particle νυν (nun), meaning 'now, then.' It emphasizes a logical connection or consequence.

G0493

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: AN-tee-pas

Translations: Antipas

Notes: Antipas is a proper noun, a male personal name. It refers to a specific individual, often a historical figure or a character in a narrative. In the provided context, it appears to refer to a person involved in a dispute over a kingdom.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Antipas is of Greek origin, derived from the words 'anti' (meaning 'against' or 'like') and 'pas' (meaning 'all' or 'every'). It is a shortened form of 'Antipatros', meaning 'like the father' or 'against the father'.

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-ton

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KAH-lay-toh

Translations: was called, used to be called, he was called, she was called, it was called

Notes: This is the third person singular, imperfect indicative form of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. In this form, it translates to 'was called' or 'used to be called', indicating an action that was ongoing or habitual in the past. It can be used to describe someone or something being named or referred to by a particular title.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Passive or Middle Voice

Etymology: The word 'καλέω' (kaleō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁-, meaning 'to shout, to call'. It is related to Latin calo ('to call out') and English 'hail'.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G223

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-lek-SAN-droo

Translations: of Alexander

Notes: This is the genitive form of the proper noun 'Alexander'. It refers to a person named Alexander, most notably Alexander the Great, the Macedonian king who conquered much of the ancient world. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to 'Alexander's' or 'belonging to Alexander' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From the Greek name Alexandros, meaning 'defender of mankind' or 'protector of men'. It is a compound of 'alexein' (to defend, help) and 'aner' (man, male).

G0584

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-DEIK-san-tohn

Translations: of having shown, of having demonstrated, of having proved, of having appointed, of having declared

Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb ἀποδεικνύμι, meaning 'to show forth, demonstrate, prove, appoint, or declare'. As a genitive plural participle, it typically functions to describe the action of multiple subjects who have completed the act of showing or proving something. It can be translated as 'of those who have shown' or 'of those who have demonstrated'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΔΗΛΟΩ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-ay-SAH-sthai

Translations: to make for oneself, to do for oneself, to cause to be done, to perform, to accomplish

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō). In the middle voice, the action of the verb is performed by the subject for its own benefit or with a direct involvement of the subject in the result. Therefore, it means 'to make for oneself' or 'to do for oneself', often implying an action that the subject causes to happen or performs for their own advantage or interest.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΙ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΣΘΑΙ

G3173

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: meh-GAH-lais

Translations: great, large, mighty, important, loud, a great, a large

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'great' or 'large'. It is used to describe the size, importance, or intensity of something. For example, it can refer to a great sound, a large object, or a significant event. In the provided examples, it modifies nouns like 'maladies' (malakiais), 'misfortunes' (symphorais), and 'wars' (polemois), indicating their significant scale or severity.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΜΕΓΙΣΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ex-id-ee-OH-sah-meh-non

Translations: having made one's own, having appropriated, having taken possession of

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'exidioō', meaning 'to make one's own' or 'to appropriate'. It describes an action that has been completed, where someone has taken something for themselves or made it their own property. It implies a sense of personal acquisition or possession.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Participle, Accusative, Singular, Neuter

Etymology: The verb ἐξιδιόω (exidioō) is a compound word formed from the prefix ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ἰδιόω (idioō), meaning 'to make one's own'. The root ἴδιος (idios) means 'one's own' or 'private'.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G3501

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: neh-OH-teh-ross

Translations: younger, newest, youngest, newer

Notes: This word is the comparative and superlative form of the adjective 'ΝΕΟΣ' (neos), meaning 'new' or 'young'. As a comparative, it means 'younger' or 'newer'. As a superlative, it means 'youngest' or 'newest'. It is used to describe someone or something that is more recent in age or time compared to others, or the most recent among a group.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Comparative or Superlative

Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ

G5298

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-foh-ROH-meh-nos

Translations: suspecting, fearing, being suspicious, being afraid, having a suspicion, having a fear

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'suspecting' or 'fearing'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'secretly', and the verb ΟΡΑΩ (horaō), meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive'. Thus, it literally means 'to see secretly' or 'to perceive from below', leading to the sense of suspicion or apprehension. It describes someone who is looking at something with a sense of underlying suspicion or fear, or who is being regarded with suspicion.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Present, Middle or Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΥΠΟΠΤΕΥΩΝ, ΔΕΔΙΩΣ

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G3804

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PA-thee

Translations: sufferings, passions, affections, emotions, experiences, calamities, misfortunes

Notes: This word refers to experiences, particularly those that involve suffering, strong emotions, or desires. It can denote physical suffering, mental anguish, or strong passions and affections. In a negative sense, it can refer to evil desires or lusts, while in a more neutral or positive sense, it can refer to human emotions or experiences in general. It is often used in the plural.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΑ, ΘΛΙΨΕΙΣ, ΠΕΙΡΑΣΜΟΙ

G3402

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MEE-sos

Translations: hatred, a hatred

Notes: This word refers to the strong feeling of intense dislike or ill will towards someone or something. It is often used to describe animosity or enmity. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, for example, 'their hatred' or 'he felt hatred'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΑ, ΑΠΕΧΘΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΙΣΟΣ comes from the verb μισέω (miseō), meaning 'to hate'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek or from an unknown root.

G1991

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-soo-NIS-tah

Translations: gather together, assemble, collect, combine, unite

Notes: This word means to gather together, assemble, or collect. It implies a coming together of multiple entities or individuals, often with a sense of combining or uniting them. It can be used to describe people assembling for a purpose or things being brought together into a single mass or group.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ἐπισυνίστημι (episynistēmi) is a compound verb formed from three parts: ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'in addition'), σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together'), and ἵστημι (histēmi, meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'). Thus, it literally means 'to stand together upon' or 'to cause to stand together'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G1256

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-leh-GO-meh-nos

Translations: speaking, discussing, reasoning, disputing, conversing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'διαλέγομαι' (dialegomai), meaning 'to speak with, discuss, or reason'. It describes an action that is ongoing or continuous. It is often used to indicate someone who is engaged in a conversation, debate, or teaching session, emphasizing the interactive nature of the communication.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΣΥΝΟΜΙΛΩΝ

G1413

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: doo-nas-TEV-on-tas

Translations: ruling, exercising dominion, having power, those who rule, those who exercise dominion

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'ruling' or 'exercising dominion'. It describes someone who holds power or authority over others. It is often used to refer to those in positions of power, such as rulers or potentates. In this form, it is in the accusative plural masculine, indicating 'those who are ruling' or 'those who exercise dominion' as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΟΝΤΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΟΝΤΑΣ, ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G4016

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-oh-RAHN

Translations: overlook, disregard, permit, tolerate, look around, look over

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb ὁράω (horaō), meaning 'to see'. In its infinitive form, it means to overlook, to disregard, or to permit something to happen. It can also mean to look around or survey a situation. It implies a passive allowance or a deliberate turning away from something.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΑΩ, ΠΑΡΟΡΑΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb ὁράω (horaō), meaning 'to see'.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: EKH-on-tah

Translations: having, holding, possessing, keeping, holding fast, the one having

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'having' or 'holding'. It describes an ongoing action of possession or holding. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun that 'has' something, or adverbially, indicating the manner in which an action is performed (e.g., 'while having'). In the provided examples, it describes things that 'do not have' a leader, trees 'having' branches, and 'the one having' all power.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΑ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΝ

G1544

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-beb-lee-KO-tah

Translations: cast out, throw out, drive out, send out, bring forth, put out, expel

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'εκβάλλω' (ekballō), meaning 'to cast out' or 'to throw out'. It describes someone or something that has been cast out or expelled. It is often used in contexts of physical expulsion, such as driving out demons, or metaphorical expulsion, such as being cast out of a community.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΚΠΕΜΠΩ

G4245

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-ron

Translations: older, elder, more ancient, a presbyter, an elder

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective or noun 'presbyteros'. As an adjective, it means 'older' or 'elder', often used to compare age or seniority. As a noun, it refers to an 'elder' or 'presbyter', a person of advanced age or a leader in a community, particularly in religious contexts. It can be used to describe someone who is more senior in age or position than another.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΡΕΣΒΥΣ, ΓΕΡΩΝ

G5607

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tah

Translations: being, existing, things that are, beings, real things

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something that is or exists. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating a state of being or existence. It can refer to 'those who are' or 'things that are', depending on the context and gender.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter Plural; or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ὙΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ

Etymology: The word εἰμί (eimi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es- meaning 'to be'. It is a fundamental verb in many Indo-European languages.

G2722

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-TEH-khon-tah

Translations: holding, possessing, restraining, keeping, occupying, detaining, seizing, holding fast, holding back

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'katechō'. It describes an action of holding, possessing, or restraining something or someone. It can also mean to occupy a place or to hold back or detain. Its meaning can vary depending on the context, often implying a firm grip or control.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΧΟΝΤΑ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΑ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G1510

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: OO-san

Translations: being, existing, that is, that exists

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be'. As a participle, it describes something that is 'being' or 'existing' at the time of the action. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used substantively (as a noun). In this form, it is feminine, singular, and in the accusative case, meaning it would be the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, referring to a feminine noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle

Etymology: The verb ΕἸΜΙ (eimi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-noo

Translations: of that, of that one, of him, of it, that one's, his

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ', meaning 'that' or 'that one'. In the genitive case, it indicates possession or origin, translating to 'of that', 'of that one', 'of him', or 'of it'. It can refer to a person or thing previously mentioned or understood from context, distinguishing it from something closer or more immediate.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ' is derived from the demonstrative particle 'ἘΚΕῖ' (there), indicating distance. It points to something or someone far off or distinct from the speaker and listener.

G4243

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pres-BEY-on

Translations: right of seniority, a right of seniority, privilege, a privilege, pre-eminence, priority

Notes: This word refers to a right or privilege that is granted due to seniority, age, or pre-eminence. It signifies a special advantage or honor that comes with being older or holding a higher position. It can be used in contexts where someone is given a particular status or benefit because of their established standing.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΝΟΜΙΟΝ, ΠΡΩΤΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: Derived from the word πρέσβυς (presbys), meaning 'old man' or 'elder', which emphasizes the concept of seniority or age as the basis for the privilege.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: poy-oo-MEH-nos

Translations: making, doing, performing, creating, producing, causing

Notes: This word is a present middle or passive participle derived from the verb 'to make' or 'to do'. It describes an action that is ongoing or continuous. In the middle voice, it means 'making for oneself' or 'doing for oneself', emphasizing the subject's involvement in the action. In the passive voice, it means 'being made' or 'being done'. It often functions adjectivally, describing a noun, or adverbially, indicating the manner or circumstance of an action.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative Case

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩΝ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G1301

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-TEH-leh-ee

Translations: he continued, he kept on, he remained, he spent (time)

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative third person singular form of the verb διατελέω (diateleo). It is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'throughout', and τελέω (teleo), meaning 'to complete' or 'to finish'. When combined, it signifies an action that is ongoing or continuous, often translated as 'to continue', 'to persevere', 'to remain', or 'to spend time'. The imperfect tense indicates a past action that was in progress or habitual.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΕΠΙΜΕΝΩ, ΔΙΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G5442

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: foo-LAKH-sahee-toh

Translations: he might guard, he might watch, he might keep, he might observe, he might protect himself, he might beware

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to guard, watch, keep, or observe'. In this specific form, it indicates a potential or hypothetical action that the subject might perform for themselves, often implying caution or self-preservation. It can be used in contexts where someone needs to protect themselves from danger or be careful about something.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Optative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΡΟΥΡΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word originates from the ancient Greek verb φυλάσσω (phylassō), meaning 'to guard, watch, keep'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain.

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: poy-AY-sas

Translations: having made, having done, making, doing, who made, who did

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed. It often translates as 'having made' or 'having done', indicating an action that occurred prior to or concurrently with the main verb of the sentence. It can also be translated as 'making' or 'doing' in certain contexts, or as a relative clause like 'who made' or 'who did'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G5384

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: fee-LOOS

Translations: friends, beloved ones, dear ones, beloved, dear

Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'beloved one', or as an adjective meaning 'dear' or 'beloved'. It is used to refer to individuals or groups who are cherished, loved, or closely associated with someone. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to 'friends' or 'beloved ones' in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of an action.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: may-THEH-nah

Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, any, not any, none

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one', 'nobody', 'nothing', or 'not any'. It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something or someone. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating that there is 'not any' of that noun. As a pronoun, it stands in for 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is often used in prohibitions or commands, especially with the subjunctive mood, to forbid an action.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine or Feminine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥΔΕΝ

G3888

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-LI-pein

Translations: to omit, to neglect, to leave out, to pass over, to disregard

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'παραλείπω'. It means to leave something undone, to neglect a duty or task, or to pass over something without mentioning or including it. It can be used in contexts where something is intentionally or unintentionally left out or overlooked.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΚΛΕΙΠΩ, ΠΑΡΟΡΑΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and 'λείπω' (leipō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to abandon'.

G0337

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-LEIN

Translations: to take up, to take away, to destroy, to kill, to put to death

Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἀναιρέω (anaireō). It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose'. Depending on the context, it can mean to take something up, to remove or take away, or more commonly, to destroy or kill someone. It is often used in the sense of putting someone to death.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ἈΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

Etymology: The verb ἀναιρέω (anaireō) is a compound of ἀνά (ana, 'up, again') and αἱρέω (haireō, 'to take, to seize').

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G1832

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EX-on-ta

Translations: being lawful, being possible, being permitted, it being lawful, it being possible, it being permitted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb ἔξεστι (exesti), which means 'it is lawful,' 'it is possible,' or 'it is permitted.' As a participle, ΕΞΟΝΤΑ describes something that is in the state of being lawful, possible, or permitted. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing the circumstances under which an action occurs.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΤΑ, ΕΦΙΚΤΑ

G0569

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-PIS-tay

Translations: he was disbelieving, she was disbelieving, it was disbelieving, he did not believe, she did not believe, it did not believe

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect indicative active form of the verb ἀπιστέω (apisteō), meaning 'to disbelieve' or 'not to believe'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. For example, 'he was disbelieving' or 'she did not believe'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΙΘΕΩ, ΑΠΕΛΠΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἀπιστέω (apisteō) is derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and πιστεύω (pisteuō), meaning 'to believe' or 'to trust'. Thus, it literally means 'not to believe' or 'to be without faith'.

G5543

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KHRAY-stos

Translations: good, kind, useful, easy, gentle, a good one, a kind one

Notes: This word describes something or someone as good, kind, useful, or gentle. It can refer to a person's character, indicating they are benevolent or gracious. It can also describe things as being useful, beneficial, or easy to bear. For example, a yoke might be described as 'easy' (χρηστός) if it is not burdensome.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΕΥΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use'. It originally meant 'useful' or 'serviceable', and later developed the sense of 'good' or 'kind' in a moral or benevolent sense.

G1228

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ah-boh-LEEN

Translations: slander, accusation, calumny, false charge, a slander, an accusation, a calumny, a false charge

Notes: This word refers to a malicious accusation, slander, or calumny. It describes the act of speaking falsely and damagingly about someone, often with the intent to harm their reputation or standing. It can be used in contexts where someone is making a false charge against another person or group.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΨΕΥΣΜΟΣ, ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΙΑ, ΣΥΚΟΦΑΝΤΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΒΟΛΗ (diabolē) comes from the Greek verb διαβάλλω (diaballō), meaning 'to throw across', 'to set at variance', 'to slander', or 'to accuse'. It is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw'.

G1932

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-I-kee-an

Translations: fairness, gentleness, clemency, equity, reasonableness, a fairness, a gentleness, a clemency, an equity, a reasonableness

Notes: This word refers to the quality of fairness, gentleness, or reasonableness. It implies a disposition to be mild and considerate, often going beyond the strict letter of the law to show clemency or equity. It describes a character trait of being yielding and not overly strict or harsh.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΤΟΤΗΣ, ΠΡΑΟΤΗΣ, ΕΥΓΝΩΜΟΣΥΝΗ

G4327

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pros-ee-EH-meh-nos

Translations: receiving, accepting, admitting, allowing, welcoming, approaching, coming to

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb προσίημι (prosiēmi), which is a compound verb formed from πρός (pros, 'to, toward') and ἵημι (hiēmi, 'to send, to throw'). It generally means to receive, accept, admit, or allow. In the middle voice, it can also mean to approach or come to someone or something. It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Present, Middle/Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The root verb ἵημι (hiēmi) comes from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁- 'to throw, to send'. The prefix πρός (pros) means 'to, toward, in addition to'.

G0677

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PRAG-mon

Translations: quiet, peaceable, not meddling, not busy, free from public affairs, a quiet person, a peaceable person

Notes: This word describes someone who is quiet, peaceable, or not involved in public affairs. It can also refer to someone who is not meddlesome or overly busy. It is used to characterize a person's disposition or their lack of involvement in contentious matters.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἨΣΥΧΟΣ, ΕἸΡΗΝΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) meaning 'not' and πρᾶγμα (pragma) meaning 'deed, affair, business'. Thus, it literally means 'not having affairs' or 'not busy'.

G3935

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: par-EE-meh-non

Translations: weakened, relaxed, paralyzed, neglected, let go, given up, a weakened one, a relaxed one

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been let go,' 'having been relaxed,' or 'having been weakened.' It describes something that has become slack, feeble, or neglected. It can refer to physical weakness, like paralyzed hands, or to a state of moral or spiritual laxity. It is often used to describe something that has been abandoned or given up.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΤΟΝ, ΧΑΛΑΡΟΝ, ΑΣΘΕΝΕΣ

G1271

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-AH-noy-ahs

Translations: (of) mind, (of) understanding, (of) thought, (of) intellect, (of) disposition, (of) purpose

Notes: This word refers to the faculty of thinking, understanding, and feeling. It encompasses the intellect, the mind, and the moral disposition. It is a compound word formed from 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and 'νοῦς' (nous), meaning 'mind' or 'intellect'. It is used to describe the inner workings of a person's thoughts and intentions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΝΟΥΣ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ

G0355

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-NAN-dron

Translations: unmanly, cowardly, effeminate, without a husband, unmarried

Notes: This word describes something or someone as lacking manliness, courage, or a husband. It can refer to a person who is cowardly or effeminate, or a woman who is unmarried or widowed. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀν-' (an-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'ἀνήρ' (anēr, meaning 'man' or 'husband').

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΛΟΣ, ΑΘΥΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ἀνάνδρος' (anandros) is derived from the negative prefix 'ἀν-' (an-, 'not, without') and 'ἀνήρ' (anēr, 'man, husband'). It literally means 'without a man' or 'not manly'.

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doh-KEIN

Translations: to seem, to appear, to think, to suppose, to be thought, to be esteemed

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'δοκέω'. It is commonly used to express the idea of something appearing to be true, or someone thinking or supposing something. It can be used impersonally (it seems) or with a subject and infinitive construction (someone seems to do something). It often conveys a sense of subjective perception or opinion rather than objective fact.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'δοκέω' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dek-, meaning 'to take, accept, receive, be fitting'. It is related to words signifying 'opinion' or 'appearance'.

G1727

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-nan-TEE-as

Translations: (of) opposite, (of) contrary, (of) hostile, (of) adverse

Notes: This word is the genitive singular feminine form of the adjective 'ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ', meaning 'opposite' or 'contrary'. It is often used in the adverbial phrase 'ἐξ ἐναντίας' (ex enantias), which means 'from the opposite side', 'opposite', 'in opposition', or 'face to face'. It describes something that is in opposition or contrary to something else.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΧΘΡΟΣ

G1326

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-gee-GHER-meh-nos

Translations: having been awakened, having been aroused, having been stirred up, awakened, aroused, stirred up

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been awakened' or 'having been aroused'. It describes a state of being awakened or stirred up, often from sleep or inactivity. It is a compound word formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and the verb ἐγείρω (egeirō), meaning 'to awaken' or 'to raise up'. Thus, it implies a thorough or complete awakening.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ

G5427

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: froh-NEE-mah

Translations: mind, a mind, way of thinking, an attitude, purpose, a purpose, thought, a thought, disposition, a disposition

Notes: This word refers to the way one thinks, their mindset, attitude, or disposition. It can also denote a specific thought or purpose. It describes the inner workings of a person's mind, encompassing their intentions, feelings, and moral outlook. It is often used to describe a person's character or their general approach to life.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΝΟΥΣ, ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ, ΛΟΓΙΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΦΡΟΝΗΜΑ is derived from the verb ΦΡΟΝΕΩ (phroneō), meaning 'to think, to have understanding, to be minded'. It is related to ΦΡΗΝ (phrēn), which originally referred to the diaphragm, then metaphorically to the seat of thought and emotion.

G1893

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: ep-AY-day

Translations: since, because, for, inasmuch as, seeing that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause that provides a reason or cause for the main clause. It can be translated as 'since,' 'because,' or 'for,' indicating a logical connection between events or statements. It is often found at the beginning of a sentence or clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΓΑΡ, ΕΠΕΙ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi, 'upon, on') and the conjunction ἘΠΕΙ (epei, 'when, since'), with the particle ΔΗ (de, 'indeed, now'). It emphasizes the causal relationship.

G4337

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-E-khon-tah

Translations: paying attention, attending, giving heed, applying, being attentive, being near, holding to, adhering to

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προσέχω' (prosechō), meaning 'to hold to,' 'to turn one's mind to,' or 'to pay attention to.' It describes someone or something that is actively giving heed, attending, or applying themselves to something. It can be used to describe a person who is attentive or a thing that is near or adhering.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Plural; or Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΕΙΝ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩΝ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΟΥΣΑ

Etymology: The word προσέχω (prosechō) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'toward,' and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold.' Thus, it literally means 'to hold toward' or 'to have toward,' which evolved into the sense of paying attention or applying oneself.

G1277

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-LEE-pen

Translations: failed, ceased, left off, abandoned, was wanting

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from διά (dia, 'through, apart') and λείπω (leipo, 'to leave, to lack'). It means to fail, to cease, to leave off, or to abandon. It describes an action that has stopped or been discontinued, or something that is missing or wanting. It can be used to indicate the cessation of an activity or the absence of something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΥΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ

G4111

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: PLAH-toh-MEH-nos

Translations: forming, molding, shaping, fabricating, devising, feigning, one who is forming, one who is molding

Notes: This word is a present middle or passive participle, meaning 'forming,' 'molding,' or 'shaping.' It can also carry the sense of 'fabricating,' 'devising,' or 'feigning,' especially in a figurative sense of creating or inventing something, often with an intent to deceive. It describes an ongoing action of shaping or creating, either physically or metaphorically.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΠΛΑΣΣΩ, ΜΟΡΦΟΩ

Etymology: The root word ΠΛΑΣΣΩ (plassō) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to mold' or 'to form,' often referring to working with soft materials like clay. It is the source of English words like 'plastic' and 'plasma'.

G1225

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-BAL-lohn

Translations: slandering, accusing, calumniating, defaming, traducing

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb διαβάλλω (diaballō). It describes the action of slandering, accusing, or defaming someone. It is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw'. Thus, it literally means 'to throw across' or 'to throw through', which evolved to mean 'to throw accusations across' or 'to slander'. It is used to describe someone who is actively engaged in spreading false or damaging reports about another person.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΩΝ, ΣΥΚΟΦΑΝΤΩΝ

G0615

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-ok-TEI-nai

Translations: to kill, to slay, to put to death

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ἀποκτείνω'. It means 'to kill' or 'to slay'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often used to express purpose, result, or as the object of another verb. For example, it can be translated as 'to kill' in a sentence like 'he came to kill'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

Etymology: From ἀπό (apo, 'from, off') and κτείνω (kteinō, 'to kill'). The prefix ἀπό intensifies the meaning of the verb 'to kill'.

G2309

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: theh-LON-tah

Translations: wanting, willing, desiring, wishing, intending, choosing, a willing one, a desiring one

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to want' or 'to will'. It describes someone who is in the act of wanting, willing, or desiring something. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, meaning 'the one who wants' or 'the one who wills'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ

G3433

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MOH-lees

Translations: with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely, just, only just

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates something is done with great effort or difficulty, or that it happens only just in time or to a very limited extent. It can convey the idea of something barely happening or being achieved. For example, 'he barely escaped' or 'they arrived only just'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΩΣ, ΣΧΕΔΟΝ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Greek word μόλος (molos), meaning 'toil' or 'struggle'.

G1757

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: eng-KEE-meh-nos

Translations: lying in, pressing upon, urgent, pressing, a pressing, an urgent

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'ἐγκείμαι' (enkeimai). It describes something that is lying in, pressing upon, or urgent. It can be used to describe a situation or a person that is insistent or pressing. For example, it might describe a situation that is urgent or a person who is pressing a point.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΜΕΝΩ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΤΕΩ

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PEI-thei

Translations: he persuades, she persuades, it persuades, he trusts, she trusts, it trusts, he obeys, she obeys, it obeys

Notes: This word means to persuade, to convince, or to win over. It can also mean to trust or to obey, especially in the perfect tense (πεποιθέναι) where it signifies a state of having been persuaded, hence trusting or being confident. It is used to describe the act of influencing someone's opinion or actions, or the state of being convinced or compliant.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΕΩ, ΠΕΙΘΟΜΑΙ, ΠΕΙΘΩ

G4823

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soom-boo-LEH-oo-sas

Translations: having advised, having counseled, having given counsel, one who advised

Notes: This word is the masculine, singular, nominative, aorist active participle of the verb ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ. It describes someone who has completed the action of advising or counseling. It can function adjectivally, meaning 'the one who advised,' or adverbially, indicating a prior action, 'having advised.'

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΣΑΣ, ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΣΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ is a compound word formed from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (SYN-), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb ΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ (BOULEUŌ), meaning 'to counsel' or 'to plan.'

G0717

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-ra-BOHN

Translations: pledge, a pledge, earnest, a down payment, security

Notes: This word refers to a pledge, a down payment, or earnest money given as security for a future transaction or as a guarantee that a promise will be fulfilled. It signifies a part of a payment or a gift that confirms a larger, future payment or gift. It is often used in the context of a binding agreement or a promise of something to come.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ἘΓΓΥΗ, ΠΙΣΤΙΣ, ἈΡΡΕΒΩΝ

Etymology: This word is of Semitic (Hebrew or Phoenician) origin, likely from the Hebrew word 'ʿērābôn' (עֵרָבוֹן), meaning 'pledge' or 'security'. It entered Greek through trade and cultural exchange.

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: peys-THEN-tee

Translations: (to) one having been persuaded, (to) one having obeyed, (to) one having trusted

Notes: This word is a dative singular masculine or neuter aorist passive participle of the verb 'ΠΕΙΘΩ' (peithō), which means 'to persuade', 'to obey', or 'to trust'. As a passive participle, it describes someone or something that has been persuaded or has come to obey/trust. It functions as a noun or adjective in a sentence, indicating the recipient of an action or the one to whom something is directed.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΙ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΣΑΝΤΙ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G4844

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: SOOM-ma-khos

Translations: ally, a confederate, a helper, a fellow-combatant, allied, confederate

Notes: This word can function as both a noun and an adjective. As a noun, it refers to an ally, a confederate, or someone who fights alongside another. As an adjective, it describes something or someone as allied or confederate. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'μάχη' (machē), meaning 'battle' or 'fight'. Thus, it literally means 'fighting together'. It is used to describe those who join forces or provide assistance in a conflict or endeavor.

Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ, ΒΟΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΜΑΧΟΣ is derived from the prefix σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the noun μάχη (machē), meaning 'battle' or 'fight'. It describes someone who joins in battle or struggle with another.

G5293

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pis-KHNEH-toh

Translations: he was promising, she was promising, it was promising, he promised, she promised, it promised

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect middle/passive indicative form of the verb ὙΠΙΣΧΝΕΟΜΑΙ (hypischneomai), meaning 'to promise' or 'to undertake'. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, or an action that began in the past and continued. As a middle voice verb, it often implies that the subject is acting for their own benefit or on their own behalf. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ὙΠΟ (hypo, 'under') and the verb ἼΣΧΩ (ischō, 'to hold, to have').

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TAWT

Translations: this, that, these, those

Notes: ΤΑΥΤ is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific, either near in space or time, or recently mentioned. It can function as a pronoun, standing in for a noun, or as an adjective, modifying a noun. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the gender, number, and case.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural; or Feminine, Genitive, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G0191

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-KOO-ohn

Translations: hearing, listening, obeying, understanding, one who hears, a hearer

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'hearing' or 'listening'. It describes an ongoing action of perceiving sound. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun, or as a substantive, referring to 'one who hears' or 'a hearer'. It can also be used adverbially to describe the manner of an action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩΝ, ἘΝΩΤΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ὙΠΑΚΟΥΩΝ

G4851

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-FEH-rain

Translations: to be profitable, to be advantageous, to be useful, to be expedient, to be fitting, to be good for

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb συμφέρω (sympherō). It means to be profitable, advantageous, or useful. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it is profitable' or 'it is expedient,' indicating what is beneficial or suitable for someone or something. It can also mean to bring together or contribute.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΩΦΕΛΕΙΝ, ΛΥΣΙΤΕΛΕΙΝ, ΧΡΗΣΙΜΕΥΕΙΝ

Etymology: The word συμφέρω (sympherō) is a compound verb formed from σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry.' Thus, it literally means 'to bear together' or 'to bring together,' which extends to the sense of being advantageous or profitable.

G0628

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-DRAH-nai

Translations: to run away, to escape, to flee

Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive form of the verb meaning 'to run away' or 'to escape'. It describes the action of fleeing from a place or situation. It is often used to indicate a sudden or decisive departure, usually to avoid danger or capture.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποδράω (apodraō) is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb δράω (draō), meaning 'to run' or 'to flee'.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: OH-moh-ros

Translations: bordering, adjacent, neighboring

Notes: This word describes something that is next to or shares a border with something else. It is used to indicate proximity or a shared boundary, often referring to geographical areas or territories. For example, one country might be described as 'bordering' another.

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine or Neuter, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΟΡΟΣ, ΓΕΙΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΟΜΟΡΟΣ is a compound word derived from the prefix ὁμο- (homo-), meaning 'same' or 'like', and ὅρος (horos), meaning 'boundary' or 'limit'. Thus, it literally means 'having the same boundary'.

G0494

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-pa-tron

Translations: Antipater

Notes: Antipater is a Greek proper name, meaning 'instead of the father' or 'like the father'. It refers to several historical figures, most notably Antipater the Idumaean, father of Herod the Great, and Antipater of Thessalonica, a Greek poet. In the provided context, it refers to a specific individual named Antipater.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The name Antipater is derived from the Greek words 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'instead of' or 'like', and 'πατήρ' (patēr), meaning 'father'.

G2983

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: LAY-pso-MEH-non

Translations: about to take, about to receive, going to take, going to receive, who will take, who will receive, a thing about to take, a thing about to receive

Notes: This word is a future participle, middle voice, accusative singular, neuter, derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is about to happen or will happen in the future. In this form, it refers to 'that which is about to take' or 'that which is about to receive'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter, Future, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΔΕΞΟΜΕΝΟΝ

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-non

Translations: having become, having happened, having been, having been born, that which has come into being, a thing that has happened

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become' or 'to happen'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred. It can function as an adjective, describing a noun, or as a noun itself, referring to 'that which has come into being' or 'a thing that has happened'. It implies a state of being or an event that has taken place.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: lah-BOHN

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the means or circumstance by which another action takes place. For example, 'having taken the book, he read it' or 'receiving the gift, she smiled.'

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΛΗΦΩΣ

G5290

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pes-TREP-seh

Translations: he returned, he turned back

Notes: This word means 'he returned' or 'he turned back'. It describes the action of someone going back to a place or condition they were in before. It is used to indicate a completed action in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΣΤΡΕΨΕΝ, ΑΝΕΣΤΡΕΨΕΝ

Etymology: The word Ὑποστρέφω is a compound verb formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'back', and the verb στρέφω (strephō), meaning 'to turn'. Thus, it literally means 'to turn back' or 'to return'.

G2414

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-roh-SO-loo-mah

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word refers to Jerusalem, the capital city of ancient Judea and a significant religious center for Jews and Christians. It is often used in the context of travel to or from the city, or events that took place within it.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive (indeclinable in some contexts), Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely derived from 'Urusalim', meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It has been known by various names throughout history.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loo

Translations: much, many, great, greatly, often, a lot

Notes: This word is commonly used to indicate a large quantity, degree, or frequency. As an adverb, it means 'much,' 'greatly,' or 'often,' modifying verbs or adjectives. As an adjective, it means 'much' (for singular nouns) or 'many' (for plural nouns), describing the quantity of something. It can also mean 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΛΑ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is a very common word across various Indo-European languages.

G3880

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: pa-ra-la-BOHN

Translations: having received, having taken, having taken along, having taken aside, having taken over, having taken possession of

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραλαμβάνω' (paralambanō), meaning 'to receive' or 'to take alongside'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It can imply taking something into one's possession, taking someone with oneself, or taking over a responsibility or role. The specific nuance depends on the context.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Masculine Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΒΩΝ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G5260

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-pex-EL-thohn

Translations: having gone out from under, having withdrawn, having escaped, having departed

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having gone out from under' or 'having withdrawn'. It is a compound verb formed from three prepositions: ὑπό (hypo, 'under'), ἐκ (ek, 'out of'), and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai, 'to come' or 'to go'). Thus, it literally means 'to come or go out from under something'. It describes an action of moving away from a place or situation, often implying an escape or a strategic withdrawal.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative Participle

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΛΘΩΝ, ΑΠΟΧΩΡΗΣΑΣ, ΑΠΕΛΘΩΝ

G0408

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-noo-SAS

Translations: accomplishing, having accomplished, completing, having completed, finishing, having finished, performing, having performed, achieving, having achieved

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb ἀνύω, meaning 'to accomplish' or 'to complete'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed, often functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It indicates that the subject has finished or achieved something, and the action typically precedes the main verb of the sentence.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΕΡΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΤΕΛΕΩ

G0737

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-GOHN

Translations: contest, struggle, fight, race, a contest, a struggle, a fight, a race

Notes: This word refers to a gathering, especially for a contest or struggle. It can denote a physical struggle, a race, a battle, or a more general conflict or struggle in life. It is often used in the context of athletic games or a spiritual struggle.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΠΑΛΗ, ΔΡΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead, to bring, to drive'. The noun refers to a gathering or assembly, particularly for a competition or struggle.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ka-loo-MEH-nayn

Translations: called, named, being called, being named, the one called, the one named

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to name'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that is being called or named. It can be used to introduce a descriptive phrase or clause, often indicating a characteristic or identity.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

G0703

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-reh-TEH

Translations: virtue, excellence, moral goodness, a virtue, an excellence

Notes: This word refers to moral excellence, virtue, or goodness. It can also denote any kind of excellence or superiority, whether moral, physical, or intellectual. It is used to describe a quality of high moral standing or a specific act of virtue. In a sentence, it would describe a characteristic or action that is commendable and morally upright.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΚΑΓΑΘΙΑ, ΑΓΑΘΟΣΥΝΗ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: The word ἀρετή (aretē) is of uncertain origin, but it is an ancient Greek term that has been used since Homeric times. It is often associated with the concept of 'being good at something' or 'excellence in any respect'.

G3122

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MA-lis-TA

Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'

Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'

G2609

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-GAYN

Translations: to bring down, to lead down, to put ashore, to land, to bring back, to put in

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb ΚΑΤΑΓΩ. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (down, against) and the verb ἄγω (to lead, to bring). It generally means to bring or lead something or someone downwards, or specifically to bring a ship to land, to put ashore, or to land. It can also mean to bring back or restore.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ

Etymology: The verb ΚΑΤΑΓΩ is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἄγω (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. Its meaning is derived directly from the combination of these two elements.

G3870

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-reh-KAH-lei

Translations: he was calling alongside, he was exhorting, he was comforting, he was urging, he was appealing, he was entreating

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb παρακαλέω (parakaleō). It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It means to call someone to one's side, to summon, to invite, to encourage, to exhort, to comfort, to console, to appeal to, or to entreat.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΛΗΤΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-OHN

Translations: doing, making, creating, producing, performing, a doer, a maker, the one who does, the one who makes

Notes: ΠΟΙΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb ΠΟΙΕΩ, meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is in the act of doing or making something. It can be translated as 'doing' or 'making' when used adjectivally, or as 'the one who does' or 'a doer' when used substantively.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩΝ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G0447

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nee-EES

Translations: let go, release, relax, give up, neglect, allow, permit, loosen, unbind

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to let go, release, or relax. It can also mean to give up, neglect, or allow something to happen. In a general sense, it describes the act of loosening a hold, whether literally or figuratively, or ceasing an action. It can be used in contexts of releasing prisoners, relaxing efforts, or permitting actions.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative Masculine Singular

Synonyms: ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ΧΑΛΑΩ, ΛΥΩ

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G1431

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: doh-reh-AS

Translations: gift, a gift, present, a present, bounty, a bounty, donation, a donation

Notes: This word refers to a gift, present, or donation. It signifies something freely given or bestowed, often as an act of generosity or favor. It can be used in contexts where someone receives a benefit or a grant.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΧΑΡΙΣ, ΔΟΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word δωρεά (dōrea) comes from δῶρον (dōron), meaning 'gift'. It is related to the verb δίδωμι (didōmi), 'to give'.

G4267

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pro-EE-eh-meh-nos

Translations: having been sent forth, having been cast forth, having been given up, having been abandoned, having yielded

Notes: This word is a perfect middle/passive participle of the verb προΐημι (proïēmi), meaning 'to send forth', 'to cast forth', 'to give up', or 'to abandon'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that has undergone the action of being sent forth, given up, or abandoned. It can function adjectivally or adverbially in a sentence, indicating a completed action with a resulting state.

Inflection: Perfect, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΚΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G3376, G3378

Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: MAYN

Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly

Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.

Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ

Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.

G5293

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-PES-kheh-toh

Translations: he promised, she promised, it promised

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to promise' or 'to pledge'. It is used to indicate that someone made a commitment or gave an assurance. In this form, it refers to a singular subject (he, she, or it) who made a promise in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative Mood, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΟΜΝΥΜΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΥΠΙΣΧΝΕΟΜΑΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'in return for', and the verb ΙΣΧΝΕΟΜΑΙ (iskhneomai), which is related to ΙΣΧΩ (iskhō), meaning 'to hold' or 'to have'. The combination suggests 'to hold oneself under obligation' or 'to take upon oneself'.

G2609

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-takh-THEYS

Translations: brought down, led down, brought ashore, landed, put ashore, descended

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle of the verb 'κατάγω', meaning 'to bring down' or 'to lead down'. It describes someone or something that has been brought down, led down, or landed, often in the sense of being brought to a specific place, such as ashore from a ship. It implies a completed action where the subject is the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Aorist, Participle, Passive, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΩ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΟΡΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word 'κατάγω' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb 'ἄγω' (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. Thus, it literally means 'to lead down' or 'to bring down'.

G220

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-lek-SAN-dros

Translations: Alexander

Notes: This is a common Greek proper name, meaning 'defender of mankind' or 'protector of men'. It refers to various historical figures, most notably Alexander the Great, the king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. It is used as a subject in sentences, indicating the person performing an action.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Alexandros' is derived from the Greek verb ἀλέξω (alexō), meaning 'to ward off, to defend, to help', and ἀνήρ (anēr), meaning 'man' (genitive ἀνδρός, andros). Thus, it means 'defender of mankind'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: zoh-EE-rah

Translations: Zoira

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely referring to a person or a place name. It is not a common word found in standard Koine Greek lexicons or biblical texts. It might be a transliteration of a foreign name or a very rare or specific geographical reference. Given its rarity, it's possible it's a misspelling or a very obscure term.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΖΩΙΡΑ' is uncertain as it is not a standard Koine Greek word. It may be a transliteration of a foreign name or a very rare proper noun.

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: oh-ROH-nai-dee-GOH-ba-si-LIH-ssa-RYD-da

Translations: unknown

Notes: It's not clear what this word means. It appears to be a very long, possibly garbled or badly misspelled phrase rather than a single word. It contains the recognizable Greek word ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΑ (BASILISSA), meaning 'queen'. The other parts, ὨΡΩΝΑΙΔΙΓΩ and ΡΥΔΔΑ, are not standard Koine Greek words and are likely misspellings or a highly unusual combination of elements. It is impossible to determine its general usage or context without further clarification.

Inflection: Unknown

Etymology: Cannot find any information about the etymology of this specific word, as it appears to be a non-standard or garbled form.

G0210