2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G4819

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-BE-bee-keh

Translations: it has happened, it has come to pass, it has occurred, it has resulted, it has turned out, it has befallen, it has coincided

Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb 'symbainō'. It describes an event or situation that has already taken place or come to pass. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it happens' or 'it occurs', indicating a past event or a state of affairs that has resulted from something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oh-poh-BAL-sah-mon

Translations: balm, balsam, balm-tree, balsam-tree, a balm, a balsam

Notes: This word refers to balsam, a fragrant resin or oil obtained from certain trees, especially the balsam tree. It was highly valued in ancient times for its medicinal and aromatic properties. It is a compound word formed from 'ὀπός' (opos), meaning 'sap' or 'juice', and 'βάλσαμον' (balsamon), meaning 'balsam'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΒΑΛΣΑΜΟΝ, ΜΥΡΟΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of Koine Greek ὀπός (opos), meaning 'sap' or 'juice', and βάλσαμον (balsamon), meaning 'balsam'. The term 'balsam' itself has Semitic origins, likely from Hebrew 'baśam' (fragrant spice).

G0001

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-KRO-tah-ton

Translations: highest, utmost, extreme, a highest, an utmost, an extreme

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'ἀκρός' (akros), meaning 'highest' or 'utmost'. It describes something that is at the very top, extreme, or most excellent in its kind. It can be used to describe the highest point of a physical object or the most extreme degree of a quality.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΝΩΤΑΤΟΣ, ΥΨΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ἀκρότατος' (akrotatos) is derived from the adjective 'ἀκρός' (akros), meaning 'at the furthest point, top, extreme'. It is the superlative form, indicating the highest degree of the quality.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G5080

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: TEM-noh-MEH-non

Translations: of being cut, of those being cut, of things being cut

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'of being cut' or 'of those being cut'. It describes an action that is currently happening to the subject, indicating that the subject is undergoing the process of being cut or divided. It is used to modify a noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΚΟΠΤΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΔΙΑΚΟΠΤΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G3690

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: OX-ee

Translations: sharp, keen, swift, quick, piercing, acid, vinegar, a vinegar

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'sharp,' 'keen,' 'swift,' or 'piercing.' It describes something that has a fine edge or point, or something that moves quickly. It can also be used as a noun, referring to 'vinegar' or 'acid,' particularly in the context of food or drink. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Dative, Singular, Neuter (when meaning 'vinegar' or 'acid'); Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine (when meaning 'sharp' as an adjective); or Dative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (when meaning 'sharp' as an adjective).

Synonyms: ΔΡΙΜΥΣ, ΟΞΥΔΕΡΚΗΣ, ΤΑΧΥΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- ('sharp, pointed'). It is related to words meaning 'sharp' or 'pointed' in various Indo-European languages.

G5618

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G5562

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-HOH-rei

Translations: had room, contained, made room, went, proceeded, advanced, withdrew

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'χωρέω'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can mean to have room, to contain, to make room for, or to go/proceed/advance. The specific meaning often depends on the context, especially whether it's used with a direct object or in a spatial sense.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ

Etymology: From 'χῶρος' (chōros), meaning 'place' or 'space'. The verb 'χωρέω' thus relates to moving into or having space.

G3340

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: meh-tah-no-EE-sas

Translations: having repented, having changed one's mind, having regretted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'metanoeō', meaning 'to repent' or 'to change one's mind'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, indicating that the subject has completed the act of repenting or changing their mind. It is often used to describe a turning away from past actions or beliefs towards a new direction, often with a moral or spiritual connotation.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΑΙ

G0713

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-ris-TOH-boo-los

Translations: Aristobulus

Notes: Aristobulus is a male proper name of Greek origin. It was a common name among Hellenistic rulers and prominent figures, including members of the Hasmonean dynasty and the family of Herod the Great. The name is a compound word meaning 'best counselor' or 'best-advising'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Ἀριστόβουλος (Aristoboulos) is derived from the Greek words ἄριστος (aristos), meaning 'best' or 'excellent', and βουλή (boulē), meaning 'counsel' or 'plan'.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G1325

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: DI-doos

Translations: giving, who gives, one who gives

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'δίδωμι' (didōmi), meaning 'to give'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state of 'giving' in relation to another part of the sentence. It can be translated as 'giving' or 'one who gives', indicating someone who is currently in the act of giving.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩΝ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'δίδωμι' (didōmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated verb, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs, where the initial syllable is repeated.

G2414

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-ro-so-LY-moys

Translations: (to) Jerusalem, (in) Jerusalem, (at) Jerusalem

Notes: This word refers to the city of Jerusalem, a significant city in ancient Israel and a central location in many biblical narratives. It is used here in the dative case, indicating location or direction, such as 'in Jerusalem' or 'to Jerusalem'.

Inflection: Dative, Plural

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'foundation of peace' or 'city of peace'. It is a compound word derived from 'yara' (to found, to lay a cornerstone) and 'shalom' (peace).

G1523

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eis-DEKH-oh-men-os

Translations: receiving, admitting, welcoming, accepting

Notes: This word is a present participle of the verb ΕἸΣΔΈΧΟΜΑΙ, meaning 'to receive into, admit, or welcome'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΔΈΧΟΜΑΙ (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to take'. It describes an action of taking something or someone in, often with an implication of acceptance or hospitality. It can be used to describe someone who is in the act of receiving or admitting.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΈΧΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΆΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΈΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ΕἸΣΔΈΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΔΈΧΟΜΑΙ (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to take'. The root ΔΈΧΟΜΑΙ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to take, accept'.

G3870

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-reh-KAH-lei

Translations: he was calling alongside, he was exhorting, he was comforting, he was urging, he was appealing, he was entreating

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb παρακαλέω (parakaleō). It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It means to call someone to one's side, to summon, to invite, to encourage, to exhort, to comfort, to console, to appeal to, or to entreat.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΛΗΤΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G4238

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PRAH-teh-in

Translations: to do, to perform, to practice, to accomplish, to fare, to act

Notes: This verb means to do, to perform, or to accomplish something. It can also refer to how one fares or gets along, often in the sense of 'to do well' or 'to be well'. It describes actions or activities, often with a focus on the process or the habitual nature of the action.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From an intensive form of an obsolete primary verb, meaning to pass through, hence to experience, i.e. to do or make. It is related to the idea of passing through or accomplishing a task.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G4784

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soong-gih-NOOS

Translations: knowing, understanding, recognizing, acknowledging, forgiving, pardoning

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'συγγινώσκω' (synginōskō), meaning 'to know with' or 'to understand together'. It describes someone who has come to know, understand, or recognize something. Depending on the context, it can also mean to acknowledge, agree with, or even to forgive or pardon someone for an action.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G1189

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: deh-OH-meh-noh

Translations: begging, entreating, praying, needing, lacking, of those begging, of those entreating, of those praying, of those needing, of those lacking

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'δεομαι' (deomai), meaning 'to beg,' 'to entreat,' 'to pray,' or 'to need/lack.' As a participle, it describes someone who is in the act of begging, entreating, or needing something. It can be used to describe people who are in a state of need or who are making a request.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ, ΧΡΗΖΩ

G4757

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-tee-OH-tahs

Translations: soldiers

Notes: This word refers to a soldier, a member of an army or military force. It is typically used to describe individuals who serve in a military capacity, often in a group. In a sentence, it would function as the object of a verb or preposition, indicating the recipients of an action or the subject of a description.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word στρατιώτης (stratiōtēs) comes from στρατιά (stratia), meaning 'army' or 'military service', which itself is derived from στρατός (stratos), meaning 'army' or 'encampment'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G3376, G3378

Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: MAYN

Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly

Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.

Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ

Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.

G4238

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-RAKH-thay

Translations: it was done, it was accomplished, it was performed, it was carried out

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'πράσσω' (prassō), meaning 'to do,' 'to accomplish,' or 'to perform.' It indicates an action that was completed in the past, where the subject of the verb is the recipient of the action, not the doer. It is used to describe something that happened or was brought about.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΓΊΝΟΜΑΙ, ΤΕΛΈΩ, ΠΟΙΈΩ

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G616

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-pok-leis-THEIS

Translations: having been shut out, having been excluded, having been locked out

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle of the verb ἀποκλείω, meaning 'to shut off, to exclude, to lock out'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that has undergone the action of being shut out or excluded. It indicates a completed action in the past, from the perspective of the main verb.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΚΚΛΕΙΣΘΕΙΣ, ΕΞΩΣΘΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἀποκλείω is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κλείω (kleiō), meaning 'to shut' or 'to close'.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: lah-BOHN

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the means or circumstance by which another action takes place. For example, 'having taken the book, he read it' or 'receiving the gift, she smiled.'

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΛΗΦΩΣ

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G2010

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: eh-pee-TREP-san-tohn

Translations: of permitting, of allowing, of entrusting, of giving permission, of yielding

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epitrepō', meaning 'to permit' or 'to allow'. As a genitive plural participle, it often functions to describe the action of multiple subjects who are permitting or allowing something, or to indicate the source of permission. It can be translated as 'of those who permitted' or 'of those who allowed'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΣΥΓΧΩΡΕΩ

G4793

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: soong-KAY-meh-nah

Translations: composed, compiled, put together, written, a composed thing, a compiled thing

Notes: This word is a compound adjective derived from the verb 'σύγκειμαι', meaning 'to lie together' or 'to be composed of'. As an adjective, it describes something that has been put together, compiled, or composed, often referring to written works or texts. It indicates that something is made up of various parts or elements that have been assembled.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΑ, ΣΥΝΤΕΘΕΙΜΕΝΑ

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai

Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

G3709

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: or-GAY

Translations: wrath, anger, indignation, a wrath, an anger

Notes: This word refers to a strong, often violent, emotion of displeasure or indignation. It can describe human anger, but is frequently used in a theological context to refer to God's righteous wrath against sin. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΣ, ΧΟΛΗ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *werg- meaning 'to work, to do'. The word originally referred to an 'impulse' or 'disposition', which then developed into the meaning of 'anger' or 'wrath' as an internal working or agitation.

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G0713

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-ris-TO-boo-lon

Translations: Aristobulus

Notes: This is a Greek proper name, meaning 'best counsel' or 'best advisor'. It was a common name in antiquity, borne by several historical figures, including members of the Herodian dynasty and a Jewish high priest. In a sentence, it would refer to a specific individual named Aristobulus, often as the direct object of a verb.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Aristobulus is derived from the Greek words 'aristos' (ἄριστος), meaning 'best' or 'excellent', and 'boulē' (βουλή), meaning 'counsel' or 'advice'.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G5438

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foo-LAH-kay

Translations: guard, a guard, prison, a prison, watch, a watch, custody, a custody, keeping, a keeping

Notes: This word refers to a guard, a place of confinement like a prison, or the act of guarding or keeping. It can also denote a watch or a period of time during which a watch is kept, such as a night watch. It is used to describe both the person who guards and the place or action of guarding.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΡΙΟΝ, ΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ, ΦΡΟΥΡΑ

Etymology: From the verb φυλάσσω (phylassō), meaning 'to guard, watch, or preserve'.

G2525

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-STAY-sas

Translations: having appointed, having established, having set up, having made, having constituted

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'καθίστημι' (kathistēmi). It describes an action that has been completed in the past, often indicating the subject has 'appointed,' 'established,' 'set up,' or 'constituted' something or someone. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can often be translated with a clause like 'the one who appointed' or 'when he had appointed.'

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΟΡΙΖΩ, ΤΑΣΣΩ

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G1510

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: OO-san

Translations: being, existing, that is, that exists

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be'. As a participle, it describes something that is 'being' or 'existing' at the time of the action. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used substantively (as a noun). In this form, it is feminine, singular, and in the accusative case, meaning it would be the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, referring to a feminine noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle

Etymology: The verb ΕἸΜΙ (eimi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.

G2192

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ekh-OO-san

Translations: having, possessing, holding, a having, a possessing, a holding

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἘΧΩ', meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an ongoing action or state. In this form, it describes a feminine singular noun that is the direct object of a verb, indicating that it is 'the one having' or 'the one possessing' something.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Feminine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΕΝΗΝ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΗΝ

G4022

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-ER-kheh-tai

Translations: goes around, wanders, travels about, goes about, comes around, surrounds, encompasses

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from περί (peri, "around") and ἔρχομαι (erchomai, "to come, to go"). It means to go around, wander, or travel about. It can also imply surrounding or encompassing something. It is used to describe movement that is not direct but rather circuitous or widespread.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΑΩ, ΔΙΑΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΥΚΛΟΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition περί (peri), meaning "around" or "about," and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning "to come" or "to go." The combination signifies movement that encompasses or circles something.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G2149

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-REH-yah

Translations: wide, broad, a wide (thing), a broad (thing)

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'wide' or 'broad'. It is used to describe the extent or spaciousness of something, such as a road, a place, or a boundary. It can be used in various contexts to indicate a large or expansive area.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΛΑΤΥΣ, ΕΥ̓ΡΥΧΩΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word εὐρύς (eurys) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wérus, meaning 'wide'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G0618

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-lam-BAH-noo-sah

Translations: receiving, taking back, recovering, getting back, obtaining, enjoying, being rewarded

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb ἀπολαμβάνω, meaning 'to receive back,' 'to recover,' 'to obtain,' or 'to enjoy.' It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. It can be used to indicate someone who is in the process of receiving something, often something due or expected, or experiencing a benefit or reward.

Inflection: Singular, Present, Active, Feminine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΥΣΑ, ΚΟΜΙΖΟΥΣΑ, ΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΗ

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-RON

Translations: sacred, holy, consecrated, a sacred place, a temple, temple

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'sacred,' 'holy,' or 'consecrated.' When used as a noun, it refers to a 'sacred place' or, more specifically, a 'temple.' It describes something set apart for religious purposes or dedicated to a deity.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΙΕΡΟΣ (hieros) comes from a pre-Greek substrate word, possibly related to the concept of 'strength' or 'power,' which became associated with divine power and sacredness.

G3849

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PAH-noo

Translations: very, exceedingly, altogether, quite, entirely, completely

Notes: This word is an adverb used to intensify the meaning of an adjective or another adverb. It conveys a sense of completeness or high degree, similar to 'very' or 'exceedingly' in English. It can be used to emphasize the extent or quality of something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΛΙΑΝ, ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΜΑΛΑ

Etymology: From the root ΠΑΣ (PAS), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It developed into an adverb indicating 'altogether' or 'completely'.

G5036

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: teh-TEH-khee-smeh-non

Translations: fortified, walled, a fortified place, a walled place

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'τειχίζω' (teichizo), meaning 'to build a wall' or 'to fortify'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been fortified or walled. It refers to something that has had a wall built around it, or has been made strong with fortifications. It can be used to describe a city, a place, or any structure that is protected by walls.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΟΧΥΡΟΣ, ΕΡΥΜΝΟΣ

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ahn-throh-POHN

Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humankind

Notes: ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, which means 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of men' or 'of people'. It refers to human beings in general, often distinguishing them from God or other creatures.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, likely a compound of ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), possibly meaning 'one who looks up' or 'one with a human face'.

G4714

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STA-sis

Translations: standing, a standing, dissension, a dissension, insurrection, an insurrection, uprising, a uprising, sedition, a sedition

Notes: This word refers to a standing, a position, or a state of being. It can also denote a state of dissension, disagreement, or conflict, often leading to an uprising or insurrection. In a physical sense, it means the act of standing still or taking a stand. In a social or political context, it refers to a revolt or civil strife.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΡΣΙΣ, ΑΠΟΣΤΑΣΙΑ, ΔΙΧΟΣΤΑΣΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand, to make to stand'. It refers to the act or state of standing.

G3672

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ho-mo-no-OON-ton

Translations: of those agreeing, of those being of one mind, of those being in accord, of those being harmonious

Notes: This word is a present active participle, genitive plural, of the verb 'homonoeō', meaning 'to be of one mind' or 'to agree'. It describes a group of people who are in agreement or harmony with each other. It is often used to indicate the state of unity or concord among individuals.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΦΩΝΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΥΝΤΩΝ

G1764

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-nes-TOH-tohn

Translations: of present things, of things present, of things that are present, of things at hand, of the present

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'enistēmi', meaning 'to be present' or 'to be at hand'. As a genitive plural, it refers to 'of those things which are present' or 'of present circumstances'. It is used to describe the current state of affairs or things that are immediately available or occurring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΝΤΩΝ, ΝΥΝ

Etymology: The word 'enistēmi' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'en' (in, on, among) and the verb 'histēmi' (to stand, to set). Thus, it literally means 'to stand in' or 'to be placed in', leading to the sense of being present or at hand.

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOH-kay

Translations: it seemed, it appeared, it was thought, he seemed, she seemed, it was decided, it was pleasing

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'δοκέω' (dokeō). It means 'to seem', 'to appear', or 'to be thought'. In the imperfect tense, it describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, or a state that existed in the past. It can also convey the idea of something being decided or pleasing to someone.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word δοκέω (dokeō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dek- which means 'to take, accept, receive'. Over time, its meaning evolved to 'to seem, to appear' in Greek, implying an acceptance or perception of something as true or apparent.

G3860

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-DI-do-nai

Translations: to hand over, to deliver, to betray, to commit, to entrust, to give up, to transmit

Notes: This word means to hand over, deliver, or transmit something or someone. It can be used in various contexts, such as handing over a person to authorities, delivering goods, or transmitting traditions or teachings. It can also carry the negative connotation of betraying someone or surrendering something.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΓΧΕΙΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΑΡΑ (para), meaning 'beside, by, along', and the verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ (didomi), meaning 'to give'. Thus, it literally means 'to give alongside' or 'to give over'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G5426

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: froh-NOON-tes

Translations: thinking, understanding, having a mindset, being minded, being disposed, being intent on

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'phroneō'. It describes someone who is actively thinking, understanding, or having a particular mindset or disposition. It can be used to describe a person's mental attitude or their focus on something. For example, it might describe someone 'being intent on' a certain goal or 'having a mindset' of humility.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΝΟΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΝΝΟΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G0616

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-KLEI-ein

Translations: to shut off, to shut out, to exclude, to prevent, to keep from, to bar

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κλείω (kleiō), meaning 'to shut' or 'to close'. As an infinitive, it means 'to shut off', 'to shut out', or 'to exclude'. It can be used to describe physically barring someone or something from a place, or metaphorically preventing an action or access to something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΙΩ, ἘΚΚΛΕΙΩ, ἈΠΟΦΡΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποκλείω is formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κλείω (kleiō), meaning 'to shut' or 'to close'. It has been in use since ancient Greek times, combining the idea of separation with the action of closing.

G3867

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-AY-noon

Translations: they were advising, they were exhorting, they were urging, they were admonishing

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'παραινέω' (parainéō). It means 'to advise', 'to exhort', 'to urge', or 'to admonish'. The imperfect tense indicates a continuous or repeated action in the past, or an action that was in progress. Thus, 'they were advising' or 'they kept on advising' are appropriate translations.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ, ΝΟΥΘΕΤΕΩ

G2532, G1565

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun

Sounds like: kah-keh-EE-non

Translations: and that one, and him, also that one, also him, even that one, even him

Notes: This word is a contraction (a crasis) of the conjunction 'καὶ' (kai) and the demonstrative pronoun 'ἐκεῖνον' (ekeinon). It means 'and that one' or 'and him', or 'also that one'/'also him', or 'even that one'/'even him', depending on the context. It is used to connect a previous statement or person with 'that one' or 'him'.

Inflection: Contraction of 'καὶ' and 'ἐκεῖνον' (Accusative, Singular, Masculine, Demonstrative Pronoun)

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EKH-es-thai

Translations: to hold, to have, to possess, to cling to, to hold fast to, to be near, to be next

Notes: This is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō). It generally means 'to hold' or 'to have'. In the middle voice, it can convey the sense of 'to hold oneself to' or 'to cling to', often implying a strong adherence or close proximity to something or someone. It can also mean 'to be near' or 'to be next to' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present Tense, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

G1210

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: deh-DEH-meh-non

Translations: bound, tied, imprisoned, a bound thing, that which is bound

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'δέω' (deō), meaning 'to bind' or 'to tie'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been bound or is in a state of being bound. It can refer to a person who is imprisoned or an object that is tied up.

Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΙΟΣ, ΣΥΝΔΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'δέω' (deō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to tie' or 'to bind'.

G5348

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: FTHA-san-tes

Translations: having arrived, having come, having reached, having attained, having anticipated

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'phthanō', meaning 'to arrive', 'to come', 'to reach', or 'to attain'. It describes an action that has been completed or a state that has been reached. It can also carry the sense of 'to anticipate' or 'to be first'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb in a sentence, indicating the circumstances or timing of an action.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

G2638

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-lam-BAH-noo-see

Translations: they overtake, they seize, they grasp, they apprehend, they comprehend, they find

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb λαμβάνω (lambano, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). It generally means to take hold of something, often implying an action of seizing, overtaking, or comprehending. It can refer to physically catching up with someone or something, or mentally grasping a concept or idea. In some contexts, it can also mean to find or discover.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ

G5141

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: TEI-noo-san

Translations: stretching, extending, reaching, aiming, tending

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'ΤΕΙΝΩ', meaning 'to stretch' or 'to extend'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing. It can refer to something that is stretching out, extending, or reaching towards a goal or direction. It can also imply a tendency or an aim towards something.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΠΡΟΤΕΙΝΩ

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G2127

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: yoo-treh-pi-ZOH-meh-noy

Translations: being prepared, being made ready, being put in order

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'being prepared' or 'being made ready'. It describes an action that is currently happening to the subject, where the subject is either performing the action on itself (middle voice) or having the action done to it (passive voice). It implies a state of readiness or organization.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ

G1209

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: deh-KSAH-meh-noy

Translations: receiving, having received, accepting, having accepted, welcoming, having welcomed

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle from the verb 'dechomai', meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often implies a willing or active reception of something or someone. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'the men, having received the gifts, departed'.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

G1458

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-kheh-EE-ri-san

Translations: they handed over, they entrusted, they delivered, they committed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hand over,' 'to entrust,' or 'to deliver.' It implies the act of placing something into someone's hands or committing a task or responsibility to them. It is often used in contexts where authority, possession, or a duty is transferred from one party to another.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ἈΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Etymology: The word Ἐγχειρίζω is a compound verb formed from the preposition Ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'into,' and the noun Χείρ (cheir), meaning 'hand.' Thus, it literally means 'to put into the hand' or 'to place in hand,' which evolved into the meaning 'to hand over' or 'to entrust.'

G0932

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ah

Translations: kingdom, reign, royal power, a kingdom

Notes: This word refers to a kingdom, royal rule, or sovereignty. It can denote the territory ruled by a king, the act of reigning, or the abstract concept of kingship or royal authority. It is often used in the New Testament to refer to the 'kingdom of God' or 'kingdom of heaven'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word βασιλεύς (basileus), meaning 'king'. It refers to the domain or authority of a king.

G3992

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: PEM-psas

Translations: having sent, one who sent, he who sent, when he had sent

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'πέμπω' (pempō), meaning 'to send'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that occurred prior to the main verb. It can be translated as 'having sent' or 'one who sent', indicating the person or thing that performed the action of sending.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G4756

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-TEE-ah

Translations: army, host, a host

Notes: This word refers to an army, a military force, or a large group of people, often a heavenly host. It is commonly used to describe a body of soldiers or a multitude of individuals acting together. For example, it can refer to the 'army of heaven' or a human military force.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΡΑΤΙΑ (stratia) comes from the Greek word στρατός (stratos), meaning 'encampment' or 'army'. It refers to a body of soldiers or a host.

G5432

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-phroo-REH-ee

Translations: he was guarding, she was guarding, it was guarding, he guarded, she guarded, it guarded

Notes: This verb means 'to guard,' 'to keep watch,' or 'to protect.' It describes the action of keeping something or someone safe, often implying a continuous or ongoing state of vigilance. It can be used to describe a person or a group of people guarding a place, a prisoner, or even a concept like peace or a promise.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ

G2413, G2411

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-ROH

Translations: holy, sacred, temple, a temple, sacred place, a sacred place, (to) a temple, (to) a sacred place

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'holy' or 'sacred', or as a noun meaning 'temple' or 'sacred place'. When used as a noun, it refers to a sacred building or area, often specifically the Temple in Jerusalem. As an adjective, it describes something set apart for God or dedicated to religious purposes. In the provided form, it is in the dative case, indicating 'to' or 'for' a holy thing or place.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἱερός (hieros) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to sacrifice, to consecrate'. It is related to words signifying 'sacred' or 'holy' in various Indo-European languages.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-sah

Translations: as many as, all that, whatever, how many, all things whatsoever, whatever things

Notes: This word is the neuter plural form of the relative pronoun/adjective ὅσος (hosos). It means 'as many as' or 'all that/which' and is used to introduce a relative clause, referring to an indefinite quantity or number of things. It can function as both a pronoun (e.g., 'whatever things') or an adjective (e.g., 'as many things as'). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: PANTA, HAPAS

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode, 'this') and the interrogative pronoun τίς (tis, 'who? what?').

G1854

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EX-oh

Translations: outside, out, without, abroad

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'outside' or 'out'. It indicates a position or direction away from an interior or a boundary. It can be used to describe something that is physically located outside, or metaphorically, something that is excluded or beyond a certain limit.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΟΣ, ΕΞΩΘΕΝ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the suffix -ω, which forms adverbs of place. It denotes a position or movement from the inside to the outside.

G3735

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-khoo-ROO

Translations: fortified, strengthened, made strong, secured

Notes: This word describes the action of fortifying, strengthening, or making something secure. It is often used in the context of building defenses or making a position strong. It can also refer to making something firm or stable.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΕΝΙΣΧΥΩ, ΚΡΑΤΥΝΩ, ΣΤΕΡΕΟΩ

Etymology: From ὀχυρός (ochyros, 'firm, strong, secure'), which comes from ἔχω (echō, 'to have, hold'). The verb means to make firm or strong.

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-ton

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: soom-bah-TEE-ree-oos

Translations: agreeable, conciliatory, harmonious, suitable, fitting

Notes: This word describes something that is agreeable, conciliatory, or suitable. It implies a sense of harmony or fittingness, often used in the context of words or actions that aim to bring about agreement or reconciliation. For example, 'conciliatory words' would be words intended to make peace or find common ground.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΦΩΝΟΣ, ΕΥΑΡΜΟΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΒΑΤΗΡΙΟΣ is derived from the verb ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ (symbainō), meaning 'to come together, agree, happen'. The suffix -τήριος (-tērios) indicates a quality or purpose related to the action of the verb.

G5219

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-pah-koo-ON-tohn

Translations: of obeying, of those obeying, of listening, of those listening, of heeding, of those heeding

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to obey' or 'to listen'. It describes an action of obedience or listening. As a genitive plural participle, it typically refers to 'those who are obeying' or 'those who are listening' in a possessive or descriptive sense, often indicating the source or subject of an action.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΟΝΤΩΝ, ΕΠΑΚΟΥΟΝΤΩΝ

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G4293

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-eh-ka-LEH-ee-toh

Translations: was being provoked, was being challenged, was being called forth, was being invited

Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative middle/passive form of the verb "προκαλέω" (prokaleō), which means to call forth, challenge, provoke, or invite. It is a compound word formed from "πρό" (pro), meaning "before" or "forth," and "καλέω" (kaleō), meaning "to call." In this form, it describes an action that was ongoing in the past, where someone or something was being called forth, challenged, or invited by another.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ

G0537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PAN-tah

Translations: all, every, the whole, all things, everything

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It can refer to a complete group or quantity. It is often used to emphasize the totality of something, such as 'all people' or 'all time'. When used in the neuter plural, it can be translated as 'all things' or 'everything'.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural; or Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Singular or Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ, ΣΥΜΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΑΣ (apas) is a compound word formed from the prefix Α- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'completely', and ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'.

G5257

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pee-reh-TOON-toss

Translations: of serving, of ministering, of assisting, of attending, of being a servant, of being a minister

Notes: This word describes the action of serving, ministering, or assisting someone, often in a subordinate or official capacity. It implies a role of attendance or being a servant. It is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the present active participle of the verb 'hypēreteō'.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΥΝΤΟΣ, ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΟΥΝΤΟΣ

G4754

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: strah-toh-peh-DEH-veh-tai

Translations: he encamps, she encamps, it encamps, he pitches camp, she pitches camp, it pitches camp, he takes up a position, she takes up a position, it takes up a position

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to encamp, to pitch a camp, or to take up a position. It describes the act of setting up a military camp or a temporary dwelling place, often in a strategic location. It is used in the third person singular, indicating that 'he, she, or it' is performing the action.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΜΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΡΑΤΟΠΕΔΕΥΩ is a compound word derived from ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ (STRATOS), meaning 'army' or 'camp', and ΠΕΔΟΝ (PEDON), meaning 'ground' or 'plain'. It literally means 'to place an army on the ground'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-ROO

Translations: of holy, of sacred, of a temple, of the temple, of the sanctuary

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective 'ΙΕΡΟΣ' (hieros), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. When used with the definite article, it often functions as a noun, referring to 'the temple' or 'the sanctuary'. It indicates possession or origin, answering the question 'whose?' or 'from what?'. For example, 'the beauty of the temple' or 'the things of the sanctuary'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΥ, ΝΑΟΥ, ΒΗΛΟΥ

G3313

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MEH-ross

Translations: part, a part, share, a share, portion, a portion, region, a region, side, a side

Notes: This word refers to a part, share, or portion of something. It can also denote a region or a side. It is commonly used to indicate a division or segment of a whole, or a specific area or direction.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΤΜΗΜΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *smer- 'to allot, assign'. It is related to the verb μείρομαι (meiromai), meaning 'to receive one's share'.

G3606

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: O-THEN

Translations: from where, whence, wherefore, therefore, for which reason

Notes: This word is an adverb that can indicate either origin or consequence. It is used to ask or state 'from where' something comes or originates. It can also be used to mean 'therefore' or 'for which reason', indicating a logical conclusion or cause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟ, ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *ho- (meaning 'this' or 'that') combined with the suffix -θεν, which indicates origin or source. It is related to other adverbs of place and origin in Greek.

G2008

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ep-EE-ma-khon

Translations: disputed, controversial, debatable, assailable, a disputed thing

Notes: This word describes something that is open to attack, dispute, or controversy. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, against) and 'μάχη' (battle, fight), literally meaning 'that which is fought over' or 'that which can be attacked'. It is used to describe a place, an argument, or a situation that is vulnerable or contentious.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΜΦΙΣΒΗΤΗΣΙΜΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙΛΕΓΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΜΑΧΟΣ is derived from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'against', and the noun μάχη (machē), meaning 'battle' or 'fight'. It describes something that is 'upon' or 'for' battle, hence 'disputed' or 'assailable'.

G0450

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-es-TEE-keh-san

Translations: they have stood up, they have risen, they have been raised, they have appeared, they have arisen

Notes: This word is a verb in the perfect active indicative, third person plural. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It means 'they have stood up,' 'they have risen,' or 'they have been raised.' It can also refer to something appearing or being established.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΑΝΙΣΤΑΩ

G1759

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: en-TOW-tha

Translations: here, there, in this place, in that place

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating location, meaning 'here' or 'there'. It refers to a specific place or point in time, often emphasizing the immediate vicinity or the current situation. It can be used to mean 'at this point' or 'at that point' in a narrative.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ὩΔΕ, ἘΚΕΙ, ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ͂

Etymology: From the Greek preposition 'ἐν' (en, 'in') and the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos, 'this'). It literally means 'in this very place'.

G5017

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TAF-ross

Translations: ditch, a ditch, trench, a trench, moat, a moat

Notes: This word refers to a ditch, trench, or moat, typically dug around a city, camp, or fortification for defensive purposes. It describes an excavation in the ground, often filled with water, to impede an enemy's advance. It is used to denote a protective barrier.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΟΘΡΟΣ, ΟΡΥΓΜΑ

Etymology: From the verb θάπτω (thaptō), meaning 'to bury' or 'to inter', referring to the act of digging or excavating.

G3736

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-ROH-rook-toh

Translations: it had been dug, it was dug

Notes: This word is the third person singular, perfect passive indicative form of the verb ὀρύσσω (orussō), meaning 'to dig' or 'to excavate'. In this form, it describes an action that was completed in the past and whose result continues into the past, indicating that something 'had been dug' or 'was dug'. It is often used to describe the creation of ditches, wells, or foundations.

Inflection: Singular, 3rd Person, Perfect, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΚΑΠΤΩ, ΔΙΟΡΥΣΣΩ

Etymology: The verb ὀρύσσω (orussō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃er- meaning 'to dig'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G4023

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-EYE-kheh-toh

Translations: it was contained, it was surrounded, it was held, it was embraced, it was comprehended

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to contain,' 'to surround,' 'to encompass,' 'to hold,' or 'to comprehend.' It is often used to describe something being enclosed or held within boundaries, or to refer to information being included or contained within a text. It can also imply holding someone in an embrace or comprehending a concept.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ

G5327

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fah-rang-GEE

Translations: to a ravine, in a ravine, to a valley, in a valley, a ravine, a valley, ravine, valley, gorge

Notes: This word refers to a deep valley, gorge, or ravine. It is often used to describe a natural geographical feature, such as a wadi or a chasm. In the provided context, it appears in the dative case, indicating location ('in the ravine') or direction ('to the ravine').

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΑΡΑΔΡΑ, ΚΟΙΛΑΔΑ

Etymology: The word ΦΑΡΑΓΞ (pharagx) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It refers to a chasm or ravine.

G622

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-per-ROH-gay

Translations: had been broken off, had burst open, had been torn away, had been rent asunder

Notes: This is a form of the verb ἀπορρήγνυμι (aporrhēgnymi), which is a compound word formed from ἀπό (apo, meaning 'from' or 'away from') and ῥήγνυμι (rhēgnymi, meaning 'to break' or 'to burst'). It describes something that has been broken off, torn away, or burst open in the past and the state resulting from that action. It implies a violent or forceful separation.

Inflection: Pluperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΔΙΑΡΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ

G0396

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-tet-rah-MEH-nays

Translations: overthrown, subverted, ruined, turned upside down, overturned, of overthrown, of subverted, of ruined, of turned upside down, of overturned

Notes: This word describes something that has been overturned, subverted, or ruined. It implies a state of being completely turned upside down or destroyed. It is often used to describe the state of a place, a system, or even a person's mind or faith that has been completely disrupted or corrupted.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: EHF

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by

Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.

Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: oh-SEE-meh-rai

Translations: daily, day by day, every day

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'daily' or 'every day'. It is used to describe actions or events that occur on a regular, day-to-day basis. For example, one might say 'he goes to the market daily' or 'they learn something new every day'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘ' ΗΜΕΡΑΝ, ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΑΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the Greek words ὅσος (hosos), meaning 'as much as', and ἡμέρα (hēmera), meaning 'day'. It literally means 'as much as a day' or 'every day'.

G1453

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eg-AY-ger-to

Translations: he had been raised, he had been awakened, he had been stirred up, she had been raised, she had been awakened, she had been stirred up, it had been raised, it had been awakened, it had been stirred up

Notes: This word is the third person singular pluperfect passive indicative form of the verb 'ἐγείρω' (egeirō). It means 'to raise,' 'to awaken,' or 'to stir up.' The pluperfect tense indicates an action completed in the past before another past action, and the passive voice means the subject is receiving the action. Thus, 'he/she/it had been raised/awakened/stirred up.' It is often used in contexts of resurrection or being roused from sleep.

Inflection: Singular, 3rd Person, Pluperfect, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐγείρω (egeírō), meaning 'to awaken, to rouse, to raise up.' Its origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ger- ('to awaken').

G5080

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: TEM-non-tone

Translations: of cutting, of hewing, of severing, of dividing, of slaughtering

Notes: This word is the genitive plural masculine, neuter, or feminine present active participle of the verb 'ΤΕΜΝΩ' (temnō), meaning 'to cut' or 'to hew'. It describes an action of cutting or severing that is ongoing or habitual. In a sentence, it would typically modify a noun or pronoun, indicating 'those who are cutting' or 'of those who are cutting'. It can also imply 'to slaughter' or 'to divide'.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΟΠΤΩ, ΔΙΑΙΡΕΩ, ΣΦΑΖΩ

G1893

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: ep-AY-day

Translations: since, because, for, inasmuch as, seeing that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause that provides a reason or cause for the main clause. It can be translated as 'since,' 'because,' or 'for,' indicating a logical connection between events or statements. It is often found at the beginning of a sentence or clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΓΑΡ, ΕΠΕΙ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi, 'upon, on') and the conjunction ἘΠΕΙ (epei, 'when, since'), with the particle ΔΗ (de, 'indeed, now'). It emphasizes the causal relationship.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOOT

Translations: this, that, this one, that one, of this, of that, to this, to that

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun and adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific, either nearby or previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, referring to a person or thing. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the context, often emphasizing proximity or a specific reference.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G3433

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MOH-lees

Translations: with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely, just, only just

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates something is done with great effort or difficulty, or that it happens only just in time or to a very limited extent. It can convey the idea of something barely happening or being achieved. For example, 'he barely escaped' or 'they arrived only just'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΩΣ, ΣΧΕΔΟΝ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Greek word μόλος (molos), meaning 'toil' or 'struggle'.

G4130

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: play-STHAY-sees

Translations: of having been filled, of being filled, of having been completed, of being completed

Notes: This word is a feminine, singular, genitive aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'ΠΙΜΠΛΗΜΙ' (pimplēmi), meaning 'to fill' or 'to complete'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed in the past and is passive (the subject receives the action). In the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or is used in a genitive absolute construction to denote time or circumstance, such as 'when it had been filled' or 'after it was completed'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Aorist, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΜΙΣΘΕΙΣΗΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΘΕΙΣΗΣ

G5012

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TAF-roo

Translations: of a ditch, of a trench, of a moat, a ditch, a trench, a moat

Notes: This word refers to an excavation in the ground, typically a long, narrow one, such as a ditch, trench, or moat. It is often used in military contexts to describe defensive fortifications or in agricultural contexts for irrigation or drainage.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΡΥΓΜΑ, ΧΑΡΑΚΩΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΤΑΦΡΟΣ (taphros) is derived from the verb θάπτω (thaptō), meaning "to bury" or "to inter." It refers to something dug or buried in the ground.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G0899

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BA-thos

Translations: depth, a depth, deep, profoundness, abyss

Notes: This noun refers to a great vertical extent downwards, indicating depth or profoundness. It can also refer to the deep sea or an abyss. It is used to describe the extent of something from top to bottom, or figuratively, the profoundness of a concept or idea.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΒΥΣΣΟΣ, ΒΥΘΟΣ

Etymology: From the adjective βαθύς (bathys), meaning 'deep'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷʰedʰ-, meaning 'to sink, to be deep'.

G550

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ah-PEH-ee-ron

Translations: infinite, boundless, immense, endless, unlimited, a boundless thing, the infinite

Notes: This word describes something without limit or end, whether in space, time, or quantity. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun, or it can be substantivized and used as a noun itself, referring to 'the infinite' or 'a boundless thing'. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'πεῖρα' (peira, meaning 'end' or 'limit').

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΤΕΛΕΣ, ἈΠΕΡΑΝΤΟΣ, ἈΝΕΚΛΕΙΠΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΠΕΙΡΟΝ is derived from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-, 'not', 'without') and πεῖρα (peira, 'end', 'limit', 'boundary'). It literally means 'without end' or 'without limit'.

G4316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-bal-OHN

Translations: having attacked, having assaulted, having thrown against, having applied, having brought to bear

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb προσβάλλω (prosballō). It describes an action that has been completed in the past, often indicating the subject 'having done' something. It is a compound word formed from πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw'. Therefore, it literally means 'to throw towards' or 'to throw against'. In a military context, it refers to launching an attack or assault. It can also mean to apply something, or to bring something to bear upon another.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΦΟΔΕΥΩ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word προσβάλλω (prosballō) is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, toward, against', and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw, cast'. Its meaning developed from the literal sense of 'throwing towards' to 'attacking' or 'applying'.

G3180

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mee-kha-NAS

Translations: machines, devices, contrivances, schemes, plots

Notes: This word refers to a machine, device, or contrivance, often one used for a specific purpose, such as a military engine or a tool. It can also refer to a clever plan, scheme, or plot, especially one designed to achieve a particular outcome, whether good or bad. In a sentence, it would function as the object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΝΟΙΑ, ΤΕΧΝΗ, ΒΟΥΛΗ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΧΑΝΗ (mēchanē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *magh- meaning 'to be able, have power'. It is related to words signifying ability, means, or contrivance.

G2892

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: koh-mis-THEN-tah

Translations: having been brought, having been carried, having been received, having been conveyed, having been obtained, having been recovered

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κομίζω' (komizo), meaning 'to carry,' 'to bring,' or 'to receive.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, functioning like an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun. It indicates that something has been brought, carried, or received by someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΟΜΕΝΑ, ΛΑΒΟΝΤΑ, ΚΟΜΙΣΑΝΤΑ

Etymology: The word 'κομίζω' (komizo) is believed to derive from 'κομέω' (komeo), meaning 'to take care of' or 'to attend to,' which itself comes from 'κόμη' (kome), meaning 'hair' or 'head,' implying a sense of 'taking care of one's head' or 'providing for oneself.' Over time, its meaning evolved to 'bring,' 'carry,' or 'receive.'

G2186

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ep-is-TAY-sas

Translations: having stood upon, having set over, having appointed, having placed, having brought to a halt

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb ἐφίστημι (ephistēmi). It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, indicating that they 'stood upon,' 'set over,' 'appointed,' 'placed,' or 'brought to a halt' something or someone. It often implies a position of authority or the act of establishing something in a particular place or role.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΤΑΣΣΩ

G2672

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tee-RAS-seh

Translations: he was cursing, he was calling down curses, he was imprecating

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'καταράομαι' (kataráomai), meaning 'to curse' or 'to call down curses upon'. It describes the action of someone actively invoking harm or evil upon another, often with strong negative emotion. It is used to describe a continuous or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΘΕΜΑΤΙΖΩ, ΕΠΙΚΑΤΑΡΑΟΜΑΙ

G4077

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: peh-troh-BOH-loys

Translations: (to) stone-throwers, (to) stone-casting machines, (to) catapults

Notes: This is a compound word derived from 'πέτρα' (petra, meaning 'rock' or 'stone') and 'βάλλω' (ballo, meaning 'to throw'). It can refer to people who throw stones, such as stone-throwers or slingers, or to machines designed to hurl stones, like catapults or ballistas. In the provided context, it likely refers to siege engines used for throwing stones.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΕΛΤΗΣ, ΒΑΛΛΙΣΤΡΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of ancient Greek 'πέτρα' (petra), meaning 'rock' or 'stone', and 'βάλλω' (ballo), meaning 'to throw'. It describes something or someone that throws stones.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G3961

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAH-tree-on

Translations: ancestral, hereditary, traditional, of the fathers, customary

Notes: This word describes something that belongs to or is inherited from one's fathers or ancestors. It refers to customs, laws, or traditions that have been passed down through generations. It can be used to describe anything that is characteristic of one's heritage or lineage.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΑΤΡΩΟΣ, ΠΑΤΡΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word πατήρ (patēr), meaning 'father', combined with the suffix -ιον, indicating belonging or relation.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G0409

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-NOO-sthay

Translations: it was accomplished, it was completed, it was brought to an end, it was finished, it was fulfilled

Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative third person singular form of the verb 'ἀνύω' (anuo), meaning 'to accomplish' or 'to complete'. In this form, it indicates that an action was completed or brought to an end by someone or something else, rather than by the subject itself. It describes a past event that was finished or achieved.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΛΗΡΟΩ

Etymology: The word ἀνύω (anuo) is thought to be derived from the prefix ἀνα- (ana-), meaning 'up' or 'again', combined with a root related to 'to accomplish' or 'to finish'.

G2967

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: koh-LOO-on-tohn

Translations: of hindering, of preventing, of forbidding, of restraining, of those hindering, of those preventing, of those forbidding, of those restraining

Notes: This word is the genitive plural participle of the verb ΚΩΛΥΩ, which means to hinder, prevent, forbid, or restrain. It describes the action of someone or something actively stopping or impeding another. In this form, it refers to 'those who are hindering' or 'of those who are preventing' something.

Inflection: Participle, Present, Active, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΑΠΟΤΡΕΠΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΩΛΥΩ is thought to be derived from the root κωλ- (kōl-), meaning 'to cut short' or 'to impede'.

G1565

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-nohn

Translations: of those, of them, those

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'those'. In this inflected form, it indicates possession or origin, translating to 'of those' or 'of them'. It is used to refer to people or things that are distant in space or time, or to distinguish them from others. For example, it might be used in a phrase like 'the houses of those people' or 'the events of those days'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΩΝ, ΤΟΥΤΩΝ

G3163

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MA-khees

Translations: of battle, of fight, of combat, of a battle, of a fight, of a combat

Notes: This word refers to a battle, fight, or combat. It is used to describe a physical conflict or struggle between individuals or groups. As a noun, it can function as the subject or object of a sentence, or in this genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΟΥ, ΑΓΩΝΟΣ, ΕΡΙΔΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΗ (machē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *magh-, meaning 'to be able, to have power'. It is related to words signifying struggle or combat.

G5180

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: TYP-ton-tas

Translations: striking, beating, hitting, smiting, those who strike, those who beat, those who hit, those who smite

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to strike' or 'to beat'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of striking, beating, or hitting. It functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating the ones who are performing the action of striking. For example, it could refer to 'those who are striking' or 'the ones striking'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΤΤΩ, ΠΑΤΑΤΤΩ

G3551

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NOH-mos

Translations: law, a law, principle, custom

Notes: This word refers to a law, a principle, or a custom. It can denote a specific legal code, such as the Mosaic Law, or a general principle or rule. It is often used in a religious or ethical context, referring to divine commandments or established norms of conduct.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΗ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΚΑΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΝΟΜΟΣ (nomos) comes from the Greek verb νέμω (nemō), meaning 'to distribute, to assign, to apportion'. It originally referred to that which is distributed or assigned, and thus came to mean an established custom or law.

G0243

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun, Adverb

Sounds like: AL-lo

Translations: other, another, different, an other, another thing

Notes: This word refers to something distinct or different from what has already been mentioned or is currently under consideration. It can be used to describe a different person, thing, or concept. It often functions as an adjective modifying a noun, but can also stand alone as a pronoun meaning 'another one' or 'another thing'. When used adverbially, it can mean 'otherwise' or 'in another way'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἙΤΕΡΟΣ, ἈΛΛΟΤΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΛΛΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G1716

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: DRON-tas

Translations: doing, acting, performing, those doing, those acting, those performing

Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the present active participle of the verb 'δράω' (draō), meaning 'to do' or 'to act'. It describes individuals who are in the process of doing or acting. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used substantively to refer to 'those who are doing' or 'the ones acting'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΟΥΝΤΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: po-LEH-mee-oos

Translations: enemies, hostile ones

Notes: This word refers to those who are hostile or at war with someone. It is often used as a substantive noun to mean 'enemies' or 'adversaries'. In a sentence, it would typically describe a group of people who are in opposition or conflict.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΥΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word πόλεμος (polemos) means 'war' or 'battle'. The suffix -ιος (-ios) is used to form adjectives indicating belonging or relation. Thus, πολεμίος means 'belonging to war' or 'hostile', and by extension, 'an enemy'.

G1437

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AH

Translations: if, whether, though, even if

Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction, typically used to introduce a conditional clause. It expresses a condition or supposition, meaning 'if' or 'provided that'. It can also be used to introduce an indirect question, meaning 'whether'. In some contexts, it can convey the sense of 'even if' or 'though'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ΕΑΝ

Etymology: From the Greek particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an, 'if, perhaps'). It is a contraction of the two, forming a conditional conjunction.

G4923

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-ee-DON-tes

Translations: having seen, having perceived, having understood, having considered, having discerned

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'συν-οράω', meaning 'to see together', 'to perceive', or 'to understand'. It describes an action of perceiving or understanding that has already occurred, often implying a comprehensive or insightful grasp of a situation. It is used to indicate that the subject has gained insight or knowledge.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΙΔΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΕΩ

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G4521

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sah-BBAH-tah

Translations: Sabbaths, a Sabbath, the Sabbath, week

Notes: This word refers to the Sabbath, the seventh day of the week, observed by Jews as a day of rest and worship. In the plural form, it can refer to multiple Sabbaths or, by extension, to a 'week' as the period between Sabbaths. It is often used in contexts relating to religious observances or the passage of time.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'Σάββατον' (Sabbaton) is a transliteration of the Hebrew word 'שַׁבָּת' (Shabbat), meaning 'rest' or 'cessation'. It entered Greek through the Septuagint, the Koine Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-LOO-men

Translations: we call, we invite, we name, we summon

Notes: This word means 'we call' or 'we invite'. It is used to describe the action of a group of people (specifically, 'we') performing the act of calling, inviting, naming, or summoning someone or something. For example, 'we call him by this name' or 'we invite them to the feast'.

Inflection: First Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝ, ΕΠΙΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- ('to shout, to call'). It is related to Latin calo ('to call out, summon') and Old English hild ('battle, strife', originally 'noise, clamor').

G0906

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-BAL-lon

Translations: they were throwing, they threw, they were casting, they cast, they were putting, they put

Notes: This is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'βάλλω' (ballō). It describes an action of throwing, casting, or putting that was ongoing or repeated in the past. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'they were throwing stones' or 'they kept putting things down'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G5221

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-PAN-ton

Translations: they were meeting, they were coming to meet, they were going to meet

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'hypantaō'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'to meet', 'to come to meet', or 'to go to meet' someone or something. It often implies an encounter, sometimes with the purpose of welcoming or confronting. In a sentence, it would describe a group of people in the past who were in the process of meeting someone.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ

Etymology: The word 'hypantaō' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'hypo' (under, from below) and the verb 'antaō' (to meet, to come face to face). It literally means 'to meet from below' or 'to come up to meet'.

G5522

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHOON

Translations: dust, earth, dirt, a dust, an earth, a dirt

Notes: This word refers to fine, dry particles of earth or other matter. It is often used in contexts describing the ground, the act of throwing dust, or as a symbol of humility, mourning, or destruction. For example, it can describe the ground one walks on, or the dust that is thrown upon one's head as a sign of grief.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΓΗ, ΚΟΝΙΟΡΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word Χοῦς (Chous) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the verb χέω (cheō), meaning 'to pour', referring to something poured out or scattered.

G0450

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nee-STAH-san

Translations: they were raising up, they were causing to stand up, they were restoring, they were rising, they were standing up

Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'they were raising up' or 'they were causing to stand up'. It describes an ongoing action in the past. It can also mean 'to rise' or 'to stand up' in the intransitive sense, or 'to restore' in a broader sense.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΟΡΘΟΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, 'up, again') and ἵστημι (hístēmi, 'to stand, to set up').

G3181

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mee-kha-NEE-ma-ta

Translations: devices, machines, contrivances, inventions, engines, instruments, mechanisms, implements, stratagems, plots, schemes

Notes: This word refers to mechanical devices, tools, or instruments. It can also denote cunning plans, stratagems, or inventions, highlighting the ingenuity involved in their creation. It is used in the plural form.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΛΕΙΑ, ΟΡΓΑΝΑ, ΤΕΧΝΑΣΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΧΑΝΗ (mēchanē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *magh- meaning 'to be able, have power'. It refers to a means, instrument, or contrivance.

G4314

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-AY-gon

Translations: they were bringing, they were leading, they were offering, they were presenting

Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'προσάγω' (prosago), which is a compound word formed from 'πρός' (pros, meaning 'to' or 'toward') and 'ἄγω' (ago, meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'). It generally means to bring or lead someone or something to a specific place or person, or to offer or present something. In this form, it indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word προσάγω (prosago) is a compound verb derived from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, toward, with', and the verb ἄγω (ago), meaning 'to lead, to bring'. Its etymology reflects the combination of movement towards a destination.

G5620

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OHST

Translations: so that, with the result that, therefore, consequently

Notes: This word is an elided form of ΩΣΤΕ (hōste), meaning 'so that' or 'with the result that'. It introduces a clause expressing the consequence or result of a preceding action or statement. It can also be used to indicate a logical conclusion, similar to 'therefore' or 'consequently'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how') and the particle τέ (te, 'and, also'). It literally means 'as also' or 'as then', developing into a conjunction indicating result.

G1904

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-OO-san

Translations: following, next, coming, approaching, a following, a next

Notes: This word is the feminine accusative singular form of the present active participle of the verb 'epieimi', meaning 'to go upon' or 'to come upon'. In context, it often refers to something that is 'following', 'next', or 'approaching', such as the 'following day' or 'next night'. It describes something that is imminent or occurring immediately after something else.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΗΝ, ΜΕΛΛΟΥΣΑΝ

Etymology: The word 'epieimi' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'epi' (upon, to, over) and the verb 'eimi' (to go, to come).

G1756

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: en-ER-gah

Translations: active, effective, operative, powerful, at work, effectively, powerfully

Notes: This word describes something that is active, effective, or operative, indicating a state of being at work or having a powerful influence. It can refer to things that are working or producing an effect. As an adverb, it describes an action being done effectively or powerfully.

Inflection: Nominative/Accusative/Vocative Plural Neuter; Nominative/Vocative Singular Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ, ἸΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΠΡΑΚΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΕΡΓΟΣ (energos) comes from the preposition ἘΝ (en), meaning 'in', and ἘΡΓΟΝ (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. It literally means 'in work' or 'at work', referring to something that is active or effective.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TAWT

Translations: this, that, these, those

Notes: ΤΑΥΤ is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific, either near in space or time, or recently mentioned. It can function as a pronoun, standing in for a noun, or as an adjective, modifying a noun. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the gender, number, and case.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural; or Feminine, Genitive, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G1782

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: en-TEF-then

Translations: from here, hence, thence, from this place, from this time, from that time, from this point

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating origin or sequence. It means 'from this place' or 'from this time/point onward'. It can be used to denote physical departure from a location or a logical progression from a previous statement or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΘΕΝ, ΕΝΘΑΔΕ

Etymology: This word is formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (in) and the demonstrative stem 'τεῦθεν', indicating origin or direction from a place.

G5236

G3588, G3739, G3778, G5101

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-per-bo-LAYN

Translations: excess, abundance, surpassing, preeminence, exceedingly, beyond measure

Notes: This word refers to an excess, an abundance, or something that goes beyond the usual measure. It is often used to describe something that is outstanding, preeminent, or exceedingly great. In context, it can function adverbially to mean 'exceedingly' or 'beyond measure'. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπέρ' (hyper), meaning 'over' or 'beyond', and 'βολή' (bole), meaning 'a throwing' or 'a cast'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΕΙΑ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΗ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: HAYS

Translations: (of) the, (of) who, (of) which, (of) this, (of) that, (of) what

Notes: The word "ΗΣ" is a versatile form in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as the genitive singular for masculine and feminine nouns. It can be the genitive singular of the definite article 'the', indicating possession or relationship. It can also be the genitive singular of the relative pronoun 'who/which', connecting clauses, or the demonstrative pronoun 'this/that', pointing to something specific. Additionally, it can be the genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun 'what/who', used in questions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

G5438

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foo-la-KAYN

Translations: guard, a guard, prison, a prison, watch, a watch, custody, a custody, keeping, a keeping

Notes: This word refers to the act of guarding or keeping, a place of custody like a prison, or a period of watching, such as a night watch. It can be used to describe a literal prison or a state of being held in custody. It can also refer to the act of keeping or observing something, like a command or a law.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΡΙΟΝ, ΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ, ΚΟΥΣΤΩΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΦΥΛΑΚΗ (phylakē) comes from the verb φυλάσσω (phylassō), meaning 'to guard, watch, protect'.

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G4147

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: poh-lee-or-KEE-as

Translations: of a siege, of a blockade

Notes: This word refers to the act of besieging a city or fortress, or the state of being under siege. It describes the military operation where an army surrounds a place to cut off supplies and force its surrender. In the provided context, it refers to the duration or process of a siege.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΗΣΙΣ, ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΙΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound derived from the Greek words πόλις (polis), meaning 'city', and ἕρκος (herkos), meaning 'fence' or 'enclosure', referring to the act of enclosing a city.

G1746

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: em-po-di-zo-MEH-non

Translations: hindering, impeding, obstructing, preventing, those being hindered, those being impeded

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to hinder' or 'to impede'. It describes an action of putting obstacles in the way of someone or something, thereby preventing progress or action. As a participle, it can function adjectivally to describe something that is hindering, or substantively to refer to 'those who are being hindered' or 'the things that are being hindered'.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΩ, ΕΜΠΛΕΚΩ, ΕΜΦΡΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word ἘΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ (empodizō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'on', and the noun ποῦς (pous), meaning 'foot'. The combination literally means 'to put the foot in' or 'to put a foot on', leading to the sense of 'to trip up' or 'to hinder'.

G2418

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-roo-oor-GHEE-as

Translations: of sacred service, of sacred ministration, of priestly service, of a sacred rite, of a religious ceremony

Notes: This word refers to the performance of sacred duties or religious rites, often associated with priestly functions or public worship. It describes the act of carrying out a holy service or a religious ceremony. It is a compound word formed from 'ἱερός' (hieros), meaning 'sacred' or 'holy', and 'ἔργον' (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΑΣ, ΘΡΗΣΚΕΙΑΣ, ΛΑΤΡΕΙΑΣ

G4404

Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: PRO-ee

Translations: early, in the morning, morning, a morning

Notes: This word primarily functions as an adverb meaning 'early' or 'in the morning'. It can also be used as a noun referring to 'the morning' itself. It describes the time of day, specifically the early hours.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as a noun)

Synonyms: ΟΡΘΡΟΣ, ΠΡΩΙΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρωί' (prōi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro-, meaning 'forward' or 'before'. It is related to words indicating precedence or an early time.

G2418

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ee-eh-roo-goor-GOON-tohn

Translations: of ministering, of performing sacred service, of officiating, of sacrificing, of serving as a priest

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ἱερός' (hieros), meaning 'sacred' or 'holy', and 'ἔργον' (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. It refers to the act of performing sacred duties or religious service, often in a priestly capacity. It describes someone who is actively engaged in ministering or officiating in a religious context, such as offering sacrifices or leading worship.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΘΥΟΝΤΩΝ

G3366

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: MEE-deh

Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not

Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ

Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.

G1418

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: DYS-ko-lon

Translations: difficult, hard, troublesome, a difficult thing

Notes: This word means difficult, hard, or troublesome. It describes something that is not easy to do, understand, or deal with. It is a compound word formed from the prefix ΔΥΣ- (dys-), meaning 'bad' or 'difficult', and ΚΟΛΟΣ (kolos), meaning 'food' or 'fodder', though in this context it relates to 'cutting' or 'hindering'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΧΑΛΕΠΟΣ, ΒΑΡΥΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix ΔΥΣ- (dys-), meaning 'bad', 'hard', or 'difficult', and ΚΟΛΟΣ (kolos), which is related to 'cutting' or 'hindering', implying something that is hard to cut through or overcome.

G3973

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: pah-ON-tohn

Translations: of stopping, of ceasing, of resting, of refraining, of those who are stopping, of those who are ceasing, of those who are resting, of those who are refraining

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to stop' or 'to cease'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing an action or the one performing it. In this genitive plural form, it typically means 'of those who are stopping' or 'of stopping/ceasing' in a general sense, often referring to a group of people or things that are in the process of stopping or have stopped.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΟΝΤΩΝ, ΛΗΓΟΝΤΩΝ, ΠΑΥΣΑΝΤΩΝ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1520

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ice-pes-ON-tes

Translations: falling into, rushing into, bursting in, having fallen into, having rushed into

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'eispíptō', meaning 'to fall into' or 'to rush into'. It describes an action of entering or moving into a place or situation, often with a sense of suddenness, force, or even violence. It can be used to describe people or things that enter a space abruptly.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΣΒΑΙΝΩ

G4969

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-fhat-ton

Translations: they were slaughtering, they were slaying, they were butchering

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative, third person plural form of the verb 'σφάζω' (sphazō), meaning 'to slaughter' or 'to slay'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It would be used in a sentence to indicate that a group of people were in the process of killing or butchering something or someone.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

G2378

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thy-SEE-aiss

Translations: sacrifices, offerings, by sacrifices, by offerings, with sacrifices, with offerings

Notes: This word refers to an act of offering something, often an animal or other valuable item, to a deity as a form of worship, appeasement, or atonement. It is commonly used in religious contexts to describe the ritualistic giving of gifts to God or gods. In a sentence, it would typically appear as the object of a verb or as part of a prepositional phrase indicating the means or instrument of an action.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΟΡΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ

G2276

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: HET-ton

Translations: less, worse, inferior, a less (thing)

Notes: This word functions as both an adverb and an adjective, meaning 'less' or 'worse'. As an adverb, it modifies verbs or other adverbs, indicating a lesser degree. As an adjective, it describes nouns, meaning 'inferior' or 'lesser'. It is the comparative form of 'bad' or 'little'.

Inflection: Comparative, Does not inflect for gender or case when used adverbially. When used adjectivally, it can inflect for gender, number, and case (e.g., ΗΤΤΟΝΑ in the example is Accusative Singular).

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΣΣΩΝ, ΧΕΙΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἧττον (hētton) is the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective ἥσσων (hēssōn), meaning 'less, worse, weaker'. It is often used adverbially. Its ultimate origin is uncertain but is related to the concept of being 'less' or 'inferior'.

G2418

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ee-eh-roo-r-GOON-tes

Translations: performing sacred service, ministering, officiating, sacrificing

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'performing sacred service' or 'ministering'. It describes someone who is actively engaged in religious rites or priestly duties, such as offering sacrifices or leading worship. It is a compound word derived from 'ἱερός' (hieros), meaning 'sacred' or 'holy', and 'ἔργον' (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΘΥΟΝΤΕΣ

G1223

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-teh-LOON

Translations: they continued, they were continuing, they persisted, they were persisting, they remained, they were remaining, they lived, they were living

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to continue, persist, or remain in a state or action. It describes an ongoing or sustained activity or condition. It is often used to indicate that something was happening continuously over a period of time in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩ, ΕΠΙΜΕΝΩ

Etymology: The word διατελέω (diateleo) is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'throughout', and τελέω (teleo), meaning 'to complete' or 'to finish'. The combination suggests carrying something through to completion or continuing throughout a period.

G5590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: psy-KHES

Translations: of soul, of a soul, of life, of a life, of mind, of a mind, of self, of a self

Notes: This word refers to the soul, life, mind, or self. It can denote the vital breath, the seat of emotions and intellect, or the individual person. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΨΥΧΗ (psyche) originates from the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow'. This connection highlights its primary meaning related to the breath of life.

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OOTH

Translations: no one, nothing, none, not at all, by no means

Notes: This word is a shortened or truncated form of the negative pronoun/adjective ΟΥ̓ΘΕΙΣ (outheis) or ΟΥ̓ΘΕΝ (outhen). It means 'no one', 'nothing', or 'none'. It is used to express absolute negation, indicating the complete absence of something or someone. It can function as a pronoun (e.g., 'no one did it') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'no thing happened').

Inflection: This is a shortened form, likely representing various inflections of ΟΥ̓ΘΕΙΣ or ΟΥ̓ΘΕΝ depending on context. It can represent Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive cases, and Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter genders, as well as Singular or Plural forms.

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΙΣ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thooss

Translations: of a multitude, of a crowd, of a great number, of a throng, of a quantity, of a great amount, of a fullness, of a great company

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things, a multitude, or a crowd. It can also denote a great amount or fullness. It is used to describe a large gathering of people or a significant quantity of something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΜΑ

Etymology: From the root *pleth-, related to the idea of being full or abundant. It is connected to the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁- meaning 'to fill'.

G2235

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).

G5407

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: foh-ney-oh-MEH-nohn

Translations: (of) those being murdered, (of) those being slain, (of) those being killed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'phoneyo,' meaning 'to murder' or 'to kill.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state. In this form, it refers to 'those who are being murdered' or 'those who are being slain.' It is often used to describe victims of violence or conflict.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Middle/Passive Voice, Present Tense

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΑΝΑΙΡΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ

G0314

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nahg-kas-THEN-tes

Translations: having been compelled, having been forced, having been constrained, forced, compelled, constrained

Notes: This word is a passive participle derived from the verb 'ἈΝΑΓΚΑΖΩ', meaning 'to compel' or 'to force'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that has been subjected to compulsion or force. It indicates a past action completed upon the subject, resulting in a state of being compelled.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΙΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΑΓΚΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word 'ἈΝΑΓΚΑΖΩ' comes from 'ἈΝΑΓΚΗ' (anankē), meaning 'necessity' or 'compulsion'. It implies an action done out of necessity or under duress.

G0628

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-DRAH-nai

Translations: to run away, to escape, to flee

Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive form of the verb meaning 'to run away' or 'to escape'. It describes the action of fleeing from a place or situation. It is often used to indicate a sudden or decisive departure, usually to avoid danger or capture.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποδράω (apodraō) is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb δράω (draō), meaning 'to run' or 'to flee'.

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: PAN

Translations: all, every, whole, everything, a whole

Notes: This word is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. For example, it can mean 'all things' or 'everything' when used substantively, or 'the whole' when modifying a singular noun. It can also be used to mean 'every' when referring to individual items within a group.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- meaning 'to protect, feed'. Its meaning evolved to 'all' or 'whole' in Greek.

G1163

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DEH-oy

Translations: it is necessary, it is proper, it is fitting, one must, one ought

Notes: This word is an impersonal verb, meaning 'it is necessary' or 'it is proper'. It often indicates a moral or logical obligation, or what is fitting in a given situation. It is typically used with an infinitive or a clause to express what needs to be done or what ought to happen.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Optative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΠΡΟΣΗΚΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deh₁- 'to bind'. In Koine Greek, it evolved to mean 'to lack, to need', and impersonally, 'it is necessary'.

G3958

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-THAYN

Translations: to suffer, to experience, to undergo, to endure

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'πάσχω' (paschō). It means 'to suffer,' 'to experience,' 'to undergo,' or 'to endure.' It is used to express the action of experiencing something, often something difficult or painful, but it can also refer to experiencing something generally. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to suffer' or 'to experience' and can be used as the object of another verb or to express purpose.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G2909

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KRAY-it-ton

Translations: better, superior, more excellent

Notes: This word is a comparative adjective meaning 'better' or 'superior'. It is used to compare two things, indicating that one is of higher quality, more advantageous, or more desirable than the other. It often appears with the conjunction 'ἢ' (ē), meaning 'than', to form a comparison.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Comparative

Synonyms: ΑΜΕΙΝΩΝ, ΚΑΛΛΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΚΡΕΙΤΤΩΝ (kreittōn) is the irregular comparative form of ἀγαθός (agathos, 'good') or καλός (kalos, 'good, beautiful'). Its origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to κράτος (kratos, 'strength, power').

G3543

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: noh-MEE-zon-tes

Translations: thinking, supposing, believing, considering, practicing, accustomed

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'thinking' or 'supposing'. It describes an ongoing action of holding an opinion, believing something to be true, or being accustomed to a practice. It can be used to describe someone who is under the impression of something or who habitually does something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G3928

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-el-THAYN

Translations: to pass by, to pass away, to come beside, to go beyond, to neglect, to transgress, to perish, to come to an end

Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'παρέρχομαι' (parerchomai), meaning 'to pass by' or 'to pass away'. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'along', and 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It can describe something moving past, an event coming to an end, or even a command being disregarded or transgressed. For example, it can be used to say that something will not pass away or that someone passed by a certain place.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩ

G3551

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: noh-MEE-mohn

Translations: of laws, of customs, of traditions, of ordinances, of what is lawful, of what is customary

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'lawful,' 'customary,' or 'according to law/custom.' It is often used to describe things that are in accordance with established rules, traditions, or divine ordinances. In its genitive plural form, as seen here, it typically refers to 'of laws,' 'of customs,' or 'of traditions,' indicating possession or relation to these concepts.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΚΩΝ, ΝΟΜΩΝ, ΘΕΣΜΩΝ

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goss

Translations: word, a word, reason, a reason, account, an account, speech, a speech, message, a message, report, a report, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, saying, a saying, discourse, a discourse

Notes: The word 'logos' is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a wide range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, or a command. Beyond simple communication, it also encompasses concepts like reason, logic, an account, a narrative, or even a divine utterance or principle. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. It refers to something said or thought, and its meaning evolved to encompass both speech and the underlying reason or thought.

G3440

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G1459

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eng-KO-mee-on

Translations: praise, an encomium, a eulogy, a commendation

Notes: This word refers to a formal expression of praise, a eulogy, or a commendation. It is typically used to describe a speech or writing that extols the virtues or achievements of someone or something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ἘΠΑΙΝΟΣ, ἘΥΛΟΓΙΑ, ΔΟΞΑ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐν (en, 'in') and κῶμος (kōmos, 'revel, procession'). Originally referred to a song sung during a revel or procession in honor of a victor, evolving to mean a formal speech of praise.

G1718

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: em-fah-NEE-zohn

Translations: showing, making manifest, revealing, declaring, explaining, demonstrating

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'showing' or 'making manifest'. It describes an action that is ongoing or continuous. It is used to indicate that someone or something is making something visible, clear, or known to others, often by declaration, explanation, or demonstration. It can be translated as 'showing', 'revealing', 'declaring', or 'explaining'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ἈΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ

G225

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-lay-THEY-ah

Translations: truth, a truth, reality, veracity, faithfulness

Notes: This word refers to truth, not merely as an abstract concept, but often as a quality of being or action, indicating sincerity, reality, or faithfulness. It can be used to describe something that is factual, genuine, or reliable. For example, one might speak of 'the truth of God' or 'walking in truth'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΗΣ, ΑΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: From ἀληθής (alēthḗs, “true”), from ἀ- (a-, “un-”) + λήθη (lḗthē, “forgetfulness, oblivion”). Thus, literally 'un-forgetfulness' or 'that which is not hidden'.

G0325

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-GRAHP-san-tes

Translations: having written down, having recorded, having enrolled, having registered

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from ἀνά (ana, 'up' or 'again') and γράφω (graphō, 'to write'). As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed by the subject, often translated as 'having written down' or 'having recorded'. It implies the act of committing something to writing, such as laws, records, or names, for official or permanent purposes.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΡΑΨΑΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΨΑΝΤΕΣ, ἘΓΓΡΑΨΑΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word ἀναγράφω (anagraphō) is derived from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write'. The combination suggests writing something up, inscribing, or recording.

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: STRAH-bohn

Translations: Strabo

Notes: Strabo was a Greek geographer, philosopher, and historian who lived in Asia Minor during the transitional period of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. He is best known for his work 'Geographica', a 17-volume encyclopedia of geographical and historical information about the world known to the ancient Greeks and Romans. The name 'Strabo' itself means 'squint-eyed' or 'cross-eyed'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ancient Greek στραβός (strabós), meaning 'squinting' or 'cross-eyed'. It was a common cognomen (nickname) in ancient Rome, and the geographer Strabo adopted it as his name.

G4514

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: roh-MAH-ee-kays

Translations: of Roman, of a Roman

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'Roman' or 'belonging to Rome'. It is used to describe something that originates from, is characteristic of, or is associated with the city of Rome, its people, or its empire. For example, it could refer to Roman soldiers, Roman law, or Roman culture.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek word 'Ρώμη' (Rome), referring to the city. The suffix -ικός is a common adjectival ending in Greek, indicating 'pertaining to' or 'of'.

G2477

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: his-to-REE-as

Translations: of history, of an inquiry, of a narrative, of a story

Notes: This word refers to a narrative of past events, a story, or an account. It can also denote an inquiry or investigation, particularly into past events. In a sentence, it would typically be used to refer to the subject matter of historical study or a specific historical account.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΗΓΗΣΙΣ, ΑΦΗΓΗΣΙΣ, ΛΟΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'Ιστορία' (historia) comes from the Ancient Greek 'ἵστωρ' (hístōr), meaning 'wise man', 'witness', or 'judge'. It originally referred to learning or knowing by inquiry, and later evolved to mean the account of such inquiries, particularly historical ones.

G4860

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: syng-grah-FYOOS

Translations: writer, author, historian, a writer, an author, a historian

Notes: This word refers to a writer, author, or historian. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It is used to describe someone who composes written works, such as books, histories, or other documents.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΗΤΗΣ, ΛΟΓΟΓΡΑΦΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb συγγράφω (syngraphō, "to write together, compose"), which is formed from σύν (syn, "with, together") and γράφω (graphō, "to write").

G1893

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.

G3180

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mee-kha-NEE-ma-tos

Translations: of a machine, of a device, of a contrivance, of an engine, of an instrument

Notes: This word refers to a machine, device, or contrivance, often implying something skillfully constructed or designed for a specific purpose. It can be used to describe mechanical instruments, engines, or even stratagems and plots. In the provided context, it likely refers to a military siege engine or a similar mechanical device.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΛΕΙΟΝ, ΟΡΓΑΝΟΝ, ΤΕΧΝΗΜΑ

G4314

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-akh-THEN-tos

Translations: having been brought to, having been led to, having been approached, of having been brought near, of having been applied

Notes: This is a compound word, formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros, meaning 'to, toward') and the verb ΑΓΩ (ago, meaning 'to lead, bring'). As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, specifically the action of being brought or led to something, or being applied or brought near. It is used to modify a noun, indicating that the noun is the one that has undergone this action. In the provided examples, it describes something that has been brought forward or applied, such as a siege engine.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΙΖΩ

G4579

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: SAY-sthaice

Translations: shaken, having been shaken, when shaken, after being shaken

Notes: ΣΕΙΣΘΕΙΣ is the aorist passive participle of the verb ΣΕΙΩ (seio), meaning 'to shake' or 'to be shaken'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In the passive voice, it indicates that the subject is the one being acted upon, meaning 'having been shaken' or 'when/after being shaken'. It is often used to describe the effect of an earthquake, a strong wind, or any force that causes something to move violently.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΣΑΛΕΥΩ, ΚΙΝΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ΣΕΙΩ (seio) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to shake' or 'to move to and fro'. It is related to the idea of agitation or disturbance.

G3176

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-giss-toss

Translations: greatest, largest, most important, very great

Notes: This word is a superlative adjective, meaning 'greatest' or 'largest'. It is used to describe something that is supreme in size, importance, or degree. It functions similarly to the English 'most' or '-est' suffix when comparing things.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Superlative

Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΩΝ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the Koine Greek word μέγας (megas), meaning 'great'. ΜΕΓΙΣΤΟΣ is the superlative form of μέγας.

G4444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PYR-gohn

Translations: of towers, towers

Notes: This word refers to towers, which are tall, fortified structures, often part of a city wall or a standalone defensive building. In its genitive plural form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of towers' or 'belonging to towers'. It can also be used to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly pre-Greek. It refers to a tower or a fortified structure.

G2602

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tee-NEKH-thay

Translations: was brought down, was cast down, was carried down, was overthrown, was deposed

Notes: This word describes an action of being brought down, cast down, or carried downwards. It is often used in contexts of being overthrown from a position of power or being deposed. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word καταφέρω (katapherō) is derived from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'.

G5561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kho-REE-on

Translations: field, a field, piece of land, a piece of land, place, a place, region, a region, country, a country, village, a village

Notes: This word refers to a specific piece of land, a field, or a defined area. It can also denote a region, country, or even a village. It is often used to describe a plot of ground, especially one used for agriculture or as a dwelling place.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΡΟΣ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΚΩΜΗ

Etymology: ΧΩΡΙΟΝ is a diminutive of χῶρος (chōros), meaning 'place' or 'space'. Over time, it came to specifically denote a smaller, defined area, such as a field or a village.

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: PRO-tos

Translations: first, a first, chief, principal, foremost, the first

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, rank, or importance. It can be used as an adjective to describe a noun, or it can be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'the first one' or 'the chief person/thing'. It indicates precedence or priority.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: From a superlative form of the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- (forward, before). It is related to the English word 'prior'.

G4822

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: SOOL-lah

Translations: to take, to seize, to catch, to help, to assist, to conceive

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (syllambanō), meaning 'to take together,' 'to seize,' 'to catch,' 'to help,' or 'to conceive.' It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive.' The specific form 'ΣΥΛΛΑ' appears to be a truncated or possibly a misspelling of an inflected form of ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, such as the aorist active imperative second person singular 'σύλλαβε' (syllabe) or a similar form. Given the context, it likely refers to 'to take' or 'to catch'.

Inflection: Likely an inflected form of ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, possibly a truncated or misspelled form of an Aorist Active Imperative, 2nd Person Singular, or similar. It is not a standard standalone form.

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΠΙΑΖΩ, ΒΟΗΘΕΩ

G3816

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PAIS

Translations: child, a child, boy, a boy, girl, a girl, servant, a servant, slave, a slave

Notes: This word refers to a child, whether a boy or a girl, and can also denote a servant or slave, regardless of age. Its meaning often depends on the context, indicating a young person or someone in a position of servitude. For example, it can refer to a son or daughter, or a male or female attendant.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΔΟΥΛΟΣ, ΚΟΡΑΣΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- ('small, few'). It is related to words meaning 'child' or 'small' in various Indo-European languages.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOO

Translations: (of) himself, (of) herself, (of) itself, (of) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the one performing it. For example, 'he washed himself'. It is a compound word formed from the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos) and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou).

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter. It can also be used for Feminine or Plural contexts, though the specific form 'ΕΑΥΤΟΥ' is genitive singular masculine/neuter.

Etymology: From the combination of the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self') and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou, 'of self').

G1910

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-BEE

Translations: he went up, he came upon, he stepped on, he mounted, he entered, he embarked

Notes: This is the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'epibainō'. It means 'he went up', 'he came upon', 'he stepped on', 'he mounted', 'he entered', or 'he embarked'. It describes an action of moving onto or into something, often with the sense of ascending or taking a position.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΙΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΜΒΑΙΝΩ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PHOO-ree-oss

Translations: furious, raging, mad, frenzied

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is in a state of extreme anger, rage, or madness. It implies a wild, uncontrolled, and violent intensity. It can be used to describe a person, an animal, or even a force of nature.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΛΥΣΣΩΔΗΣ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Latin 'furiōsus', meaning 'furious, mad', which itself comes from 'furia' (fury, rage). It entered Koine Greek as a loanword.

G1543

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: heh-kah-ton-TAR-khays

Translations: centurion, a centurion

Notes: This is a compound word meaning 'commander of a hundred'. It refers to a Roman military officer in charge of a century, which typically consisted of 80 to 100 soldiers. The centurion was a highly respected and experienced soldier, responsible for training and leading his men in battle.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΚΑΤΟΝΤΑΡΧΟΣ, ΚΕΝΤΥΡΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: ΕΚΑΤΟΝ (hekaton), meaning 'one hundred', and ΑΡΧΩ (archō), meaning 'to rule' or 'to command'. Thus, it literally means 'ruler of a hundred'.

G1902

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-POH-meh-noys

Translations: to those following, to those who follow, to the followers, following

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΕΠΟΜΑΙ', meaning 'to follow' or 'to accompany'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is in the act of following. In this dative plural form, it refers to 'those who are following' or 'to the ones who follow', often implying a sense of adherence, accompaniment, or consequence.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΟΙΣ, ΣΥΝΕΠΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: THA-teh-ron

Translations: the other, the other one, the one

Notes: This word is a contraction of the definite article 'τό' (the) and the adjective/pronoun 'ἕτερον' (other, another). It refers to one of two distinct things or persons, meaning 'the other' or 'the one (of two)'. It is used to distinguish between two items, often in a context where a choice or comparison is being made between them.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἕτερος (heteros) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'different'. It is related to the English word 'other'.

G3319

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-sone

Translations: of the middle, of the midst, of the things in the middle, of the things in between

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΜΕΣΟΣ' (mesos), meaning 'middle' or 'midst'. It refers to things or people that are in the middle or between other things. It is often used to describe a central position or an intermediate state. For example, it could refer to 'the things in the middle' or 'those who are in the midst'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΙΑΜΕΣΟΣ, ΜΕΣΑΙΟΣ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: PHA-bee-os

Translations: Fabius

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Fabius, a Roman family name. It is used to identify a specific individual or a member of the Fabian gens. In historical contexts, it often refers to prominent figures from this Roman family.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Φάβιος (Phabios) is a Greek transliteration of the Latin nomen gentile 'Fabius', which was a prominent Roman family name (gens). The origin of the Latin name 'Fabius' is uncertain, but it is traditionally associated with 'faba', meaning 'bean', suggesting an agricultural connection.

G4769

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STEE-fei

Translations: to a dense mass, to a close body, to a compact body, to a crowd, to a throng, to a band, to a company

Notes: This word refers to a dense, compact body of people or things, often a military formation or a close-knit group. It is used to describe a crowd, a throng, or a band of individuals moving or acting together in a unified and concentrated manner. In the provided examples, it describes a strong, dense formation in battle or a large, compact group of people.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑ

G2900

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kar-TEH-roh

Translations: to be strong, to endure, to persevere, to be steadfast, to hold out

Notes: This verb means to be strong, to endure, or to persevere. It implies a steadfastness in the face of difficulty or opposition, holding firm and not giving up. It can be used to describe someone who patiently bears hardship or continues in a task despite challenges.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΡΤΕΡΩ

Etymology: From ΚΑΡΤΕΡΟΣ (karteros), meaning 'strong, mighty', which is related to ΚΡΑΤΟΣ (kratos), meaning 'strength, power'.

G5408

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: FOH-noo

Translations: of murder, of slaughter, of killing, murder, slaughter, killing

Notes: This word refers to the act of murder, slaughter, or killing. It is a noun that describes the violent taking of a life. It can be used in various contexts to denote the act itself or the result of such an act.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΔΡΟΦΟΝΙΑ, ΣΦΑΓΗ, ΘΑΝΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΦΟΝΟΣ (phonos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷhen-, meaning 'to strike, kill'. It is related to other words in Greek and other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of striking or killing.

G0364

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-nah-PLEH-ah

Translations: full of, filled with

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'full of' or 'filled with'. It is a compound word formed from the prefix 'ἀνά' (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and 'πλέως' (pleos), meaning 'full'. It is typically used to describe something that is completely filled or abounding with something else, often followed by a genitive case indicating what it is full of.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΗΣ, ΓΕΜΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἀναπλέως (anapleōs) is a compound of ἀνά (ana, 'up, again') and πλέως (pleōs, 'full'). It describes a state of being completely filled or replete.

G240

Part of Speech: Reciprocal Pronoun

Sounds like: al-LAY-lone

Translations: of one another, of each other

Notes: This word is a reciprocal pronoun, meaning 'of one another' or 'of each other'. It is used to indicate that an action or relationship is mutual among multiple subjects. It always appears in the plural and is used to express actions or relationships that are directed back and forth between individuals within a group.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Etymology: This word is derived from the reduplication of the stem of ἄλλος (ALLOS), meaning 'other'. The reduplication indicates reciprocity.

G0337

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-ee-ROON-toh

Translations: they were being killed, they were being destroyed, they were being taken away

Notes: This word is the imperfect middle or passive form of the verb 'ἀναιρέω', meaning 'to take up', 'to destroy', or 'to kill'. In this form, it describes an ongoing action in the past where the subjects were being acted upon, such as 'they were being killed' or 'they were being destroyed'. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀνά' (up, again) and 'αἱρέω' (to take, to choose).

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΤΕΊΝΩ, ΦΟΝΕΎΩ

G4496

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ehr-RIP-toon

Translations: they were throwing, they were casting, they were hurling

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative, third person plural form of the verb 'ῥίπτω' (rhiptō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past. Thus, 'ἘΡΡΙΠΤΟΥΝ' describes an action like 'they were continuously throwing' or 'they used to throw'. It is used to describe a past action that was in progress or habitual.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ῥίπτω (rhiptō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-nee-EN-tes

Translations: throwing in, casting in, sending in, putting in, inserting, injecting

Notes: This word is a present active participle, masculine plural, nominative or accusative case, derived from the verb 'ἐνίημι'. It describes the action of 'throwing in', 'casting in', or 'sending in' something. It can be used to describe people who are performing this action, or things that are being thrown or put in. For example, it could refer to people throwing something into a well, or inserting a substance into a mixture.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἘΜΒΑΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ἘΜΠΙΠΤΟΝΤΕΣ

G1709

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-eh-PIM-pran-toh

Translations: they were burned, they were set on fire, they were consumed by fire

Notes: This is a verb form indicating that something was being burned or set on fire. It describes an ongoing action in the past, often with the implication of destruction by fire. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (in, on) and the verb 'πίμπρημι' (to burn, to set on fire).

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΟΝΤΟ, ΦΛΕΓΟΝΤΟ

Etymology: The word is derived from the prefix 'ἐν-' (en-), meaning 'in' or 'on', and the verb 'πίμπρημι' (pimprāmi), which means 'to burn' or 'to set on fire'. The verb 'πίμπρημι' itself comes from a reduplicated form of a root meaning 'to burn'.

G2902

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kar-teh-REH-in

Translations: to endure, to persevere, to be steadfast, to hold out, to bear up, to be strong

Notes: This word means to endure, persevere, or be steadfast. It implies a sense of strength and resilience in facing difficulties or challenges. It is often used to describe someone who holds firm or bears up under pressure, pain, or adversity, showing fortitude and not giving in.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΑΝΤΕΧΩ, ΕΓΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ comes from the adjective ΚΑΡΤΕΡΟΣ (karteros), meaning 'strong, mighty, firm'. It is related to ΚΡΑΤΟΣ (kratos), meaning 'strength, power'.

G5278

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-po-MEH-non-tes

Translations: enduring, persevering, waiting, remaining, a person who endures, those who endure

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'hypomeno'. It describes someone who is actively enduring, persevering, or remaining steadfast. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun, or as a substantive, referring to 'those who endure' or 'the ones enduring'. It implies a patient and steadfast waiting or bearing up under difficulties.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΑΝΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΡΤΕΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G1365

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: diss-KHEE-lee-oos

Translations: two thousand

Notes: This word means 'two thousand'. It is a compound word formed from 'δύο' (two) and 'χίλιοι' (thousand). It is used to indicate a quantity of two thousand units of something. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'two thousand men' or 'two thousand years'.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Etymology: The word ΔΙΣΧΙΛΙΟΙ is a compound of δύο (dyo), meaning 'two', and χίλιοι (chilioi), meaning 'thousand'. It is a direct combination of these two numerical terms.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LEEF-thay

Translations: was taken, was received, was seized, was caught, was obtained

Notes: This is the third person singular aorist indicative passive form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' In this passive form, it indicates that the subject was the recipient of the action, meaning 'he/she/it was taken,' 'was received,' or 'was seized.' It describes an action that occurred in the past and was completed.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

G0005

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ahee-khma-LOH-tos

Translations: captive, a captive, prisoner, a prisoner

Notes: This word refers to someone who has been taken captive, typically in war. It can be used as an adjective to describe someone or something as captive, or as a noun to refer to a captive or prisoner. For example, one might say 'the captive people' or 'he is a captive'.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΙΟΣ, ΑΙΧΜΑΛΩΤΕΥΘΕΙΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound word derived from two Greek elements: αἰχμή (aichmē), meaning 'spear' or 'point', and ἁλωτός (halōtos), meaning 'caught' or 'captured'. Thus, it literally means 'captured by the spear', referring to someone taken in battle.

G2304

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: THAY-oss

Translations: divine, godly, a divine

Notes: This word describes something as divine, godly, or pertaining to God. It is used to characterize things, persons, or actions that are considered to be of divine origin, nature, or quality. For example, it can describe a divine law, a godly person, or a divine act.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΘΕΟΠΡΕΠΗΣ, ΘΕΟΦΙΛΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word θεός (theos), meaning 'God'. It refers to anything that is related to or characteristic of God or a deity.

G0008

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ah-BAH-ton

Translations: inaccessible, impassable, unapproachable, a place not to be trodden, a sanctuary

Notes: This word describes something that cannot be entered, trodden upon, or approached. It can refer to a physical place that is impassable or a sacred area that is forbidden to enter. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (a-) meaning 'not' and the root of 'βαίνω' (bainō) meaning 'to go' or 'to step'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΠΡΟΣΙΤΟΣ, ΑΝΕΦΙΚΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, negative prefix) + βατός (batos, 'passable, able to be trodden'), from βαίνω (bainō, 'to go, to step').

G5607

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tah

Translations: being, existing, things that are, beings, real things

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something that is or exists. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating a state of being or existence. It can refer to 'those who are' or 'things that are', depending on the context and gender.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter Plural; or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ὙΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ

Etymology: The word εἰμί (eimi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es- meaning 'to be'. It is a fundamental verb in many Indo-European languages.

G4250

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: PRIN

Translations: before, sooner, until, ere

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a conjunction, indicating a point in time prior to another event or action. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'sooner'. As a conjunction, it means 'before' or 'until', often introducing a clause that describes an event that has not yet happened. It is frequently used with an infinitive or a subjunctive verb.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (forward, through). It is related to the preposition πρό (pro, before).

G5550

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHRO-noh

Translations: (to) time, (in) time, a time, season, period

Notes: This word refers to a period of time, a season, or a specific moment. It is often used to indicate when something occurs, frequently appearing with prepositions like 'ἐν' (in) to denote 'in time' or 'at a certain time'. It can also refer to a duration or an appointed time.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΑΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΟΝΟΣ (chronos) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It refers to a duration of time, as opposed to καιρός (kairos), which refers to a specific, opportune time.

G0275

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-o-RAH-ton

Translations: unseen, invisible, an unseen thing, an invisible thing

Notes: This word means 'unseen' or 'invisible'. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'ορατός' (meaning 'visible' or 'seen'). It is used to describe something that cannot be perceived by the physical eye, often referring to spiritual realities, God, or things beyond human comprehension. For example, it might be used to describe an 'invisible God' or 'unseen things'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΗΣ, ΑΟΡΑΤΩΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΟΡΑΤΟΣ is a compound of the privative alpha (α-) and the word ΟΡΑΤΟΣ (horatos), meaning 'visible'. ΟΡΑΤΟΣ comes from the verb ΟΡΑΩ (horaō), meaning 'to see'.

G2301

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: THEM-ee-ton

Translations: lawful, right, proper, just, a lawful thing, a right thing

Notes: This word describes something that is lawful, right, or proper, especially in the sense of being permitted by divine or moral law. It refers to what is permissible or in accordance with established custom or divine will. It can be used to describe actions, situations, or things that are considered morally or legally acceptable.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ, ΠΡΕΠΩΝ

Etymology: From the Greek word θέμις (themis), meaning 'that which is laid down', 'custom', 'law', or 'divine ordinance'. It refers to what is established by custom or divine law.

G0243

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-loys

Translations: to others, for others, with others, other, another

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'with'. It is a common word used to distinguish one group or item from another.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-REH-soo-sin

Translations: to high priests, for high priests

Notes: This word refers to high priests, who were the chief religious officials in ancient Judaism. It is a compound word formed from 'archon' (ruler, chief) and 'hiereus' (priest), literally meaning 'chief priest'. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΕΥΣ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΡΧΙΕΡΕΎΣ (ARCHIEREUS) is a compound of two Greek words: ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'beginning, rule, authority', and ἱερεύς (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It refers to the chief or head priest.

G1510

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-ton

Translations: of being, of existing, of those who are, of those who exist, of things that are, of things that exist

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to be'. It functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating 'of those who are' or 'of things that exist'. It is often used to describe the state or condition of a group of people or things, or to refer to existing entities in a genitive context, meaning 'belonging to' or 'concerning' them.

Inflection: Present, Active, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G5132

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tra-PEH-zeess

Translations: of a table, of the table, of a bank, of the bank, of a money-changer's table, of the money-changer's table

Notes: This word refers to a table, often one used for eating or for conducting business, such as exchanging money. In the context of money, it can also refer to a bank or a money-changer's stall. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΡΑΠΕΖΙΟΝ, ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek τράπεζα (trápeza), literally 'four-footed', from τετράς (tetrás, 'four') + πέζα (péza, 'foot'). It originally referred to a four-legged table.

G4689

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: spon-DEH-ee-ohn

Translations: of libation vessels, of libation bowls, of bowls for drink offerings

Notes: This word refers to vessels or bowls used for pouring out libations, which were ritual drink offerings made to a deity. It is a compound word, derived from 'σπονδή' (spondē), meaning 'libation' or 'drink offering', and the suffix '-εῖον' (-eion), which denotes a place or instrument. Therefore, it literally means 'a place or instrument for libations'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΙΑΛΩΝ, ΚΡΑΤΗΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word σπονδεῖον (spondeion) is derived from the Greek word σπονδή (spondē), meaning 'libation' or 'drink offering', combined with the suffix -εῖον (-eion), which indicates a place or instrument. The root σπονδή itself comes from the verb σπένδω (spendō), 'to pour a libation'.

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-RON

Translations: (of) holy, (of) sacred, (of) consecrated, (of) a holy thing, (of) sacred things, (of) holy places

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'holy' or 'sacred'. It describes something belonging to or associated with the divine, a temple, or religious rites. It can also function as a noun in the genitive plural, referring to 'holy things' or 'sacred places'. It is often used to describe objects, places, or actions that are set apart for religious purposes.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΩΝ, ΟΣΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἱερός (hieros) comes from an ancient root meaning 'sacred' or 'holy', often associated with that which is set apart for a deity or religious use. It is related to the concept of sacrifice and divine power.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G4238

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EP-rak-sen

Translations: he did, he performed, he accomplished, he practiced

Notes: This word means 'he did' or 'he performed'. It refers to an action that was completed in the past. It can be used to describe someone carrying out a task, accomplishing a deed, or engaging in a particular practice.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ἘΠΟΊΗΣΕΝ, ἘΡΓΆΣΑΤΟ

Etymology: The root verb ΠΡΆΣΣΩ (prassō) comes from an uncertain origin, possibly related to the idea of passing through or accomplishing.

G703

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-reh-TAYS

Translations: of virtue, of excellence, of moral goodness, of valor

Notes: This word refers to moral excellence, virtue, or valor. It describes a quality of high moral standing or outstanding ability, often implying courage or effectiveness.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣΥΝΗ, ΚΑΛΟΚΑΓΑΘΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'Ἀρετή' (aretē) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'ἀρή' (arē), meaning 'prayer' or 'curse', or from the root 'ἀρ-' (ar-), meaning 'to fit' or 'to join'. It evolved to signify excellence of any kind, and later, moral excellence.

G5306

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hoos-teh-REH-ah

Translations: the next day, the following day, the day after

Notes: This word is the feminine singular form of the adjective 'ὕστερος' (husteros), meaning 'later' or 'next'. It is commonly used in the dative case, often with the definite article 'τῇ' (tē), to mean 'on the next day' or 'on the following day', with the noun 'ἡμέρᾳ' (hēmera, meaning 'day') being understood or implied. It describes something that occurs subsequent to a previously mentioned event.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΑΥΡΙΟΝ, ΕΠΙΟΥΣΑ

G2507

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-thai-REIN

Translations: to pull down, to tear down, to destroy, to overthrow, to depose, to purify, to cleanse

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb αἱρέω (haireō, meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'). It generally means to bring something down, whether literally like a building, or figuratively like a ruler from power. It can also refer to the act of purifying or cleansing, especially in a ritual or moral sense, by removing impurities.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΕΚΚΑΘΑΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'.

G3853

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-rang-GEL-las

Translations: having commanded, having ordered, having instructed, having charged, having given orders

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle (masculine, nominative, singular) of the verb 'παραγγέλλω'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, indicating that they 'commanded' or 'gave orders'. It is often used to introduce a subsequent action that was a result of the command.

Inflection: Participle, Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΕΛΕΥΣΑΣ, ΕΝΤΕΙΛΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G3551

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: NOH-mee-mah

Translations: lawful, legal, customary, ordinances, statutes, laws, a lawful thing, lawful things

Notes: This word refers to things that are lawful, legal, or customary. It can describe actions or objects that are in accordance with established law, custom, or tradition. When used as a noun, it often refers to specific laws, statutes, or ordinances.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΙ, ΔΙΚΑΙΑ, ΕΝΤΟΛΑΙ

Etymology: The word derives from the Greek word ΝΟΜΟΣ (nomos), meaning 'law' or 'custom'.

G2025

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-PHEH-rine

Translations: to bring upon, to bring against, to inflict, to add, to impose, to bring forward, to bring

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'to') and the verb 'φέρω' (phero, meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'). It generally means to bring something upon or against someone or something, to inflict, or to add. It can also mean to bring forward an argument or accusation.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΦΕΡΩ is a compound verb derived from the prefix ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ΦΕΡΩ (phero), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-roh-SY-neen

Translations: high priesthood, office of high priest

Notes: This word refers to the office or position of a high priest. It is a compound word, combining 'ἈΡΧΙ' (archi), meaning 'chief' or 'principal', with 'ΙΕΡΩΣΥΝΗ' (hierosyne), meaning 'priesthood'. It describes the state or function of being a high priest, often in a religious or ceremonial context.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word ἈΡΧΙΕΡΩΣΥΝΗ (archierōsynē) is derived from the combination of the prefix ἈΡΧΙ- (archi-), meaning 'chief' or 'principal', and the noun ΙΕΡΩΣΥΝΗ (hierōsynē), meaning 'priesthood'.

G243

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAHL-lah

Translations: the others, the rest, other things

Notes: This word is a contraction of the definite article 'τά' (the) and the adjective/pronoun 'ἄλλα' (other, different). It refers to 'the other things' or 'the rest' in a neuter plural sense. It is used to indicate the remaining items or people in a group, or things that are distinct from those already mentioned.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΛΟΙΠΑ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΑ

Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'.

G5539

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KHRAY-see-moss

Translations: useful, profitable, serviceable, a useful thing

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is useful, profitable, or serviceable. It indicates that something is beneficial or helpful for a particular purpose or person. It can be used to describe objects, actions, or individuals.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΩΦΕΛΙΜΟΣ, ΕΥΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΣ (chrēsimos) is derived from the verb χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use, to employ'. Thus, it literally means 'that which is used' or 'fit for use'.

G5225

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-PARK-sen

Translations: was, existed, became, there was, there existed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ὑπάρχω' (hyparchō). It means 'he/she/it was,' 'he/she/it existed,' or 'he/she/it became.' It describes a state of being or existence that occurred in the past, often emphasizing the initial or completed state rather than ongoing action. It can also be used impersonally to mean 'there was' or 'there existed'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΗΝ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπό (hypó, 'under') and ἄρχω (árchō, 'to begin, to rule'). The combination suggests 'to begin under' or 'to be originally under', evolving to mean 'to exist' or 'to be'.

G0711

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-ris-toh-BOO-loh

Translations: (to) Aristobulus

Notes: This is a proper name, specifically a man's name. It refers to a specific individual named Aristobulus. In the provided context, it is used to indicate that something is directed towards or given to Aristobulus.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Dative

Etymology: The name Aristobulus is of Greek origin, derived from the words 'aristos' (meaning 'best' or 'excellent') and 'boulē' (meaning 'counsel' or 'plan'). Thus, it means 'best counselor' or 'one who gives excellent counsel'.

G4842

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-po-le-MEIN

Translations: to fight with, to make war with, to contend with, to help in war

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΠΟΛΕΜΕΩ (POLEMEŌ), meaning 'to make war' or 'to fight'. Therefore, it means to fight alongside someone, to join in a war, or to be an ally in conflict. It describes the action of participating in a struggle or battle together with others.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΜΑΧΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΕΩ

G2967

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-OH-loo-sen

Translations: he hindered, he prevented, he forbade, he restrained

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hinder,' 'to prevent,' 'to forbid,' or 'to restrain.' It describes an action of stopping or prohibiting something or someone from doing something. It is used in the past tense, indicating that the action of hindering or preventing has already occurred.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΑΠΟΚΩΛΥΩ

Etymology: The word κωλύω (kōlyō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to cut off' or 'to check.'

G1304

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-KHRAY-sah-toh

Translations: he destroyed, he killed, he put to death, he made away with

Notes: This verb means to destroy, kill, or put to death. It is often used in the context of taking someone's life. The form provided is the third person singular, aorist indicative, middle or passive voice, meaning 'he/she/it destroyed' or 'he/she/it was destroyed/killed'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'completely', and χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use'. Thus, it literally means 'to use up completely' or 'to make full use of', which evolved to mean 'to destroy' or 'to kill'.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-soy

Translations: as many as, all who, whoever, how many

Notes: This word functions as a relative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'as many as' or 'all who'. It introduces a relative clause and refers to a quantity or number of people or things. It is used to connect a dependent clause to a main clause, specifying the extent or number of the antecedent.

Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ὅς (hos, 'this, that') and the suffix -σος (-sos), indicating quantity or degree. It is related to other words indicating quantity or extent.

G1910

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-BEE-san

Translations: they stepped upon, they went upon, they mounted, they embarked, they entered

Notes: This is a verb in the aorist active indicative, third person plural. It means 'they stepped upon' or 'they went upon'. It is often used to describe the act of mounting an animal, embarking on a ship, or entering a place. The prefix 'ἐπί' (epi) means 'upon' or 'on', and the root verb 'βαίνω' (bainō) means 'to go' or 'to step'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΒΗΣΑΝ, ΕΙΣΗΛΘΟΝ

Etymology: The word ἐπιβαίνω (epibainō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'.

G4241

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: PREH-pon-ton

Translations: of fitting, of proper, of suitable, of becoming, of appropriate

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the present active participle of the verb 'πρέπω' (prepo), which means 'to be fitting, proper, or suitable'. As a participle, it describes something that is currently fitting or appropriate. It can be used adjectivally to describe things that are suitable or becoming, or substantively to refer to 'those things which are fitting'.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΡΜΟΖΟΝΤΩΝ, ΚΑΘΗΚΟΝΤΩΝ

G0703

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-ris-TEY-ohn

Translations: of excellence, of valor, of bravery, of a deed of valor

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being excellent, or to a deed of valor or bravery. It is used to describe outstanding achievements or acts of courage. As a genitive plural, it often indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of excellent ones' or 'of deeds of valor'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΡΕΤΩΝ, ΚΑΛΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἈΡΙΣΤΕΙΑ (aristeia) comes from the adjective ἈΡΙΣΤΟΣ (aristos), meaning 'best' or 'most excellent'. It is related to the concept of 'arete' (virtue or excellence).

G0515

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-ksee-O-sen

Translations: he deemed worthy, she deemed worthy, it deemed worthy, he thought worthy, she thought worthy, it thought worthy, he asked, she asked, it asked, he requested, she requested, it requested, he claimed, she claimed, it claimed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to deem worthy,' 'to think worthy,' 'to ask,' 'to request,' or 'to claim.' It implies that someone considered something or someone to be deserving of a particular action or status, or that they made a request based on a sense of entitlement or appropriateness. It is used in sentences to describe an action performed by a third person in the past.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑἸΤΈΩ, ΔΈΟΜΑΙ, ἘΠΙΖΗΤΈΩ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἄξιος (axios), meaning 'worthy' or 'deserving.' The verb form means 'to consider worthy' or 'to deem worthy.'

G2414

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-roh-SO-loo-mah

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word refers to Jerusalem, the capital city of ancient Judea and a significant religious center for Jews and Christians. It is often used in the context of travel to or from the city, or events that took place within it.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive (indeclinable in some contexts), Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely derived from 'Urusalim', meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It has been known by various names throughout history.

G5258

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hoo-po-TEH-lee

Translations: subject to tribute, tributary, liable to tax, under tribute

Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning 'subject to tribute' or 'tributary'. It describes someone or something that is under the obligation to pay taxes or tribute to a superior authority. It is used to indicate a state of being subservient or subordinate in terms of financial or political obligation.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΤΑΚΤΟΣ, ΦΟΡΟΛΟΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΥΠΟΤΕΛΗΣ (hypotelēs) is a compound of two Greek words: ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'subject to', and ΤΕΛΟΣ (telos), meaning 'tax', 'tribute', or 'payment'.

G5411

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PHO-roo

Translations: of tribute, of tax, of a tribute, of a tax

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'φόρος' (phoros), which means 'tribute' or 'tax'. It refers to a payment or contribution exacted by a ruler or state, often as a sign of submission or for the support of the government. In a sentence, it would typically indicate possession or origin, such as 'the amount of the tax' or 'concerning the tribute'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΟΣ, ΔΑΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'φόρος' comes from the verb 'φέρω' (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. It originally referred to something brought or carried, evolving to mean a payment or tribute.

G4514

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: roh-MAI-oys

Translations: (to) Romans, (to) the Romans

Notes: This word refers to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used to indicate a group of people who are Romans, often in the context of their nationality or political affiliation. In this inflected form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to the Romans' or 'for the Romans'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ρώμη (Rhōmē), meaning 'Rome', referring to the city and empire. The suffix -αιος (-aios) is used to form adjectives or nouns denoting origin or belonging.

G4387

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G5495

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ekh-ei-ROH-san-toh

Translations: they subdued, they mastered, they brought under control, they conquered, they took possession of

Notes: This word means to subdue, master, or bring under control, often by force or by hand. It is a compound word derived from the Greek word for 'hand' (χείρ) and a verb-forming suffix, implying an action done by hand or by power. It is used to describe the act of gaining control over something or someone, such as a city, a people, or a situation. In the provided context, it refers to cities that were brought under control or conquered.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΟΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΟΥΛΟΩ, ΥΠΟΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The verb ΧΕΙΡΟΩ (cheiroō) is derived from the noun χείρ (cheir), meaning 'hand', combined with the suffix -όω, which forms verbs indicating action or causation. Thus, it literally means 'to put into one's hand' or 'to bring under hand', signifying control or subjugation.

G0851

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-feh-LOH-meh-nos

Translations: taking away, removing, cutting off, depriving, having taken away, having removed

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle derived from the verb 'ἀφαιρέω' (aphairéō), meaning 'to take away' or 'to remove'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred and often functions adverbially, indicating the manner or circumstance of another action, or adjectivally, modifying a noun. It implies an action of separation or deprivation.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Aorist, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΟΠΤΩ, ἈΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ἈΦΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G4971

Part of Speech: Adjective, Possessive Pronoun

Sounds like: SFEH-teh-roh

Translations: their own, his own, her own, its own

Notes: This word is a possessive adjective or pronoun, meaning 'their own' or 'his/her/its own'. It refers back to the subject of the sentence, indicating possession by that subject. It is often used to emphasize that something belongs specifically to the subject, rather than just being 'their' or 'his'. It can be used attributively (e.g., 'their own house') or substantively (e.g., 'their own [things]').

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΙΔΙΟΣ, ΕΑΥΤΟΥ

G4755

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-tay-GOH

Translations: (to) a general, (to) a commander, (to) a governor, (to) a magistrate, (to) a chief captain

Notes: This word refers to a military commander, a general, or a civil magistrate or governor. It is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. In a military context, it denotes a leader of an army; in a civil context, it refers to an official with administrative and judicial authority.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΔΗΜΑΡΧΟΣ

G4839

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: soom-PAN

Translations: all, the whole, the universe, everything, a whole

Notes: This word is a compound word formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (with, together) and the adjective ΠΑΝ (all, every). As an adjective, it means 'all together' or 'the whole of something'. When used as a noun, particularly in the neuter singular or plural, it can refer to 'the universe', 'the totality of things', or 'everything'. It emphasizes the collective or complete nature of something.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΑΝ, ΟΛΟΝ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the adjective ΠΑΝ (pan), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It literally means 'all together' or 'the whole'.

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-nos

Translations: nation, a nation, people, a people, Gentiles, a Gentile

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it often refers specifically to the Gentiles, meaning non-Jewish people. It can be used to describe a large group of people united by common descent, culture, or language.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'). It refers to a group of people sharing common customs or characteristics.

G3173

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-gah

Translations: great, large, mighty, important, a great, a large

Notes: This word describes something as great, large, or mighty in size, extent, or importance. It can refer to physical size, but also to significance, power, or intensity. It is often used to emphasize the magnitude of something, such as a great storm, a great fear, or a great city. This particular form, ΜΕΓΑ, is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂- (great). It is related to Latin magnus and English much.

G0142

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ai-ROH-meh-non

Translations: being taken up, being carried, being lifted, being borne, being removed

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'αἴρω' (airō), meaning 'to lift,' 'to take up,' or 'to carry.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is currently happening to the subject. In this form, it indicates that something is in the process of being lifted, carried, or removed by someone or something else.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΝ

Etymology: The verb αἴρω (airō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to lift' or 'to raise.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G2398

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ee-DEE-ohn

Translations: of one's own, of private things, of peculiar things

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ἴδιος' (idios). It refers to something that is one's own, private, or peculiar to an individual or group. It is often used to emphasize possession or a unique characteristic. For example, it can mean 'their own' or 'his own' when referring to possessions or personal matters.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ, ἙΑΥΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἴδιος (idios) comes from Proto-Indo-European *swe-dʰ-yo-, meaning 'one's own'. It is related to the reflexive pronoun 'self' and emphasizes personal possession or distinctiveness.

G4957

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-es-TEI-len

Translations: to draw together, to contract, to shorten, to diminish, to restrict, to humble

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to draw together,' 'to contract,' or 'to shorten.' It can be used literally to describe physically drawing something together, or metaphorically to mean diminishing, restricting, or humbling someone or something. In the provided context, it likely refers to diminishing or humbling someone's power or influence.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΜΕΙΟΩ, ΤΑΠΕΙΝΟΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb στέλλω (stellō), meaning 'to set,' 'to arrange,' or 'to send.' Thus, it literally means 'to set together' or 'to send together,' leading to the sense of contracting or drawing in.

G1045

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: GA-da-ra

Translations: Gadara

Notes: Gadara was an ancient city in the Roman Decapolis, located southeast of the Sea of Galilee. It was known for its hot springs and was a center of Greek culture. In the New Testament, it is mentioned in connection with Jesus' ministry, specifically the healing of demon-possessed men.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter

Etymology: The origin of the name 'Gadara' is uncertain, but it is believed to be of Semitic origin, possibly related to a word meaning 'fortress' or 'enclosure'.

G3398

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: mee-KRON

Translations: small, little, a little, a small thing, a short time

Notes: This word is an adjective that describes something as small in size, quantity, or importance. It can be used to refer to physical smallness, a small amount, or something of lesser significance. In its neuter form, it can also function as a noun meaning 'a small thing' or 'a little bit', or as an adverb meaning 'a little' or 'for a short time'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Masculine or Feminine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΙΚΡΟΣ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'small'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of smallness or littleness.

G1715

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: em-PROS-then

Translations: before, in front, in front of, in the presence of, ahead, formerly, previously

Notes: This word functions as both an adverb and a preposition. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'in front,' indicating a position or time. As a preposition, it means 'in front of' or 'in the presence of,' typically taking the genitive case. It can also refer to something that happened 'formerly' or 'previously.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐν (en, 'in') and the adverbial form of πρός (pros, 'to, toward'). It literally means 'in front of' or 'in the direction of'.

G2692

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-strah-FEH-san

Translations: destroyed, overthrown, ruined, having been destroyed, which was destroyed

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning "having been destroyed" or "which was destroyed." It describes something that has undergone destruction or overthrow. It is a compound word formed from κατά (kata), meaning "down" or "against," and στρέφω (strephō), meaning "to turn" or "to twist." Thus, it literally means "to turn down" or "to overturn," leading to the sense of destruction.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Feminine, Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΣΘΕΙΣΑΝ, ΕΞΟΛΟΘΡΕΥΘΕΙΣΑΝ

Etymology: The verb καταστρέφω (katastrephō) is formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb στρέφω (strephō), meaning 'to turn' or 'to twist.'

G0329

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nek-TEE-sen

Translations: he rebuilt, he restored, he built again

Notes: This word means 'to rebuild' or 'to restore'. It describes the action of constructing something anew after it has been destroyed or fallen into disrepair. For example, one might say 'he rebuilt the city' or 'he restored the temple'. It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'again' or 'up', and κτίζω (ktizo), meaning 'to build' or 'to create'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΑΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G5483

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kha-ri-ZOH-meh-nos

Translations: granting, giving freely, showing favor, forgiving, bestowing, pardoning

Notes: This word is a present participle, active voice, middle/passive form, derived from the verb 'χαρίζω'. It describes the action of granting something as a favor, giving freely, showing kindness or favor, or forgiving. It implies an act of grace or benevolence. It can be used to describe someone who is in the act of granting or forgiving.

Inflection: Present, Participle, Middle/Passive, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ

Etymology: From 'χάρις' (charis), meaning 'grace' or 'favor'. The verb 'χαρίζω' means 'to show favor' or 'to do something agreeable'.

G0630

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-el-ef-the-ROH-oh

Translations: to set free, to make free, to release

Notes: This word means to set someone free, to release them from bondage or slavery, or to grant them liberty. It is often used in the context of manumission, where a slave is given freedom. It can also be used metaphorically to describe liberation from sin or other forms of spiritual bondage. In the provided context, it appears to be related to 'freedmen' (ἀπελεύθερος), which is a noun derived from this verb.

Inflection: First person singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ἘΛΕΥΘΕΡΟΩ, ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ΛΥΩ

G4656

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: skoo-thoh-PO-lin

Translations: Scythopolis

Notes: Scythopolis was an ancient city in the Decapolis region, located in what is now northern Israel. It was originally known as Beth Shean. The name 'Scythopolis' means 'City of the Scythians,' suggesting a historical connection to Scythian mercenaries or settlers. It is a compound word formed from 'Σκύθης' (Scythian) and 'πόλις' (city).

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Scythopolis' is derived from the Greek words 'Σκύθης' (Skúthēs), meaning 'Scythian,' and 'πόλις' (pólis), meaning 'city.' It refers to the city formerly known as Beth Shean, which was renamed during the Hellenistic period, possibly due to the settlement of Scythian mercenaries there.

G4540

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: sah-mah-REH-ee-an

Translations: Samaria

Notes: This word refers to Samaria, a historical and biblical region in the ancient Near East, located in the central highlands of the Land of Israel. It was the capital city of the northern Kingdom of Israel and later a Roman province. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating motion towards or extension over a place.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Samaria' is derived from the Hebrew name 'Shomron', which means 'watch-mountain' or 'watch-tower'. It refers to the hill on which the city of Samaria was built.

G3613

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oy-KAY-tor-sin

Translations: to inhabitants, for inhabitants, to dwellers, for dwellers

Notes: This word refers to those who dwell in a place, such as residents or inhabitants of a city or house. It is used to indicate the recipients of an action or the beneficiaries of something, often translated with 'to' or 'for' in English.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΟΙΚΟΙ, ΕΝΟΙΚΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΗΤΩΡ is derived from the verb οἰκέω (oikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit', which itself comes from οἶκος (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'dwelling'.

G3319

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-so-GAY-oh

Translations: to the inland, in the inland, to the interior, in the interior

Notes: This word refers to the inland or interior region of a country, as opposed to the coastal areas. It is often used to describe geographical locations that are away from the sea. In this form, it indicates location or direction 'to' or 'in' the inland.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The word ΜΕΣΟΓΕΙΑ (mesogeia) is a compound word derived from μέσος (mesos), meaning 'middle' or 'in the midst', and γῆ (gē), meaning 'earth' or 'land'. Thus, it literally means 'middle land' or 'land in the middle'.

G2692

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: kah-tes-kahm-MEH-non

Translations: of those that have been razed, of those that have been demolished, of those that have been overthrown

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been razed' or 'having been demolished'. It describes something that has been completely dug down, overthrown, or destroyed. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, and can also be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'those who have been razed' or 'the things that have been demolished'.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΕΞΟΛΟΘΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word κατασκάπτω (kataskaptō) is a compound verb formed from κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and σκάπτω (skaptō), meaning 'to dig'. Thus, it literally means 'to dig down' or 'to dig against', leading to the sense of razing or demolishing.

G1047

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: GAH-zan

Translations: Gaza, a treasure, treasure

Notes: This word can refer to two distinct things: the city of Gaza, a significant city in ancient Philistia, or a store of wealth, a treasury, or treasure itself. When referring to the city, it is a proper noun. When referring to treasure, it is a common noun. Its meaning depends entirely on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΗΣΑΥΡΟΣ, ΧΡΗΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: The word 'Γάζα' (Gaza) as a proper noun for the city is of Semitic origin, likely from a word meaning 'strong' or 'fortress'. As a common noun meaning 'treasure', it is believed to be of Persian origin, referring to the royal treasury.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G2936

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ktih-SAN-tos

Translations: of the one who created, of the one who founded, of the one who built, of the one who formed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ktizō', meaning 'to create', 'to found', or 'to build'. It describes the action of someone who has created or established something. As a genitive masculine singular participle, it typically functions like an adjective or noun in a sentence, often translated as 'of the one who created' or 'of the creator'. It is used to refer to the agent of creation or establishment.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΟΥΝΤΟΣ, ΠΟΙΟΥΝΤΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΟΝΤΟΣ

G2886

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kos-MAY-san-tos

Translations: of one having adorned, of one having arranged, of one having put in order

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κοσμέω', which means to arrange, adorn, or put in order. As a participle, it describes an action performed by someone, often translated as 'one who has...' or 'having...'. In this genitive form, it indicates possession or relation to the action of adorning or arranging.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΥΚΟΣΜΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word 'κοσμέω' (kosmeō) comes from 'κόσμος' (kosmos), meaning 'order, good order, ornament, world'. It refers to the act of bringing order or beauty to something.

G0863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-FEE-ken

Translations: he sent away, he let go, he left, he forgave, he permitted

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to send away,' 'to let go,' 'to leave,' 'to forgive,' or 'to permit.' It describes an action of releasing, abandoning, or granting permission. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΩ, ΕΑΩ, ΣΥΓΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἀφίημι is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from,' and the verb ἵημι (hiēmi), meaning 'to send' or 'to throw.' Thus, its core meaning is 'to send away' or 'to let go from.'

G1658

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-LEF-theh-ras

Translations: free, of a free woman, of free people, free women, free things

Notes: This word describes something or someone as being free, not enslaved or in bondage. It can refer to a person who is not a slave, or to a state of being unconstrained or independent. It is often used to contrast with 'slave' or 'servant'. In its genitive singular feminine form, it can mean 'of a free woman'. In its accusative plural feminine form, it can mean 'free women' or 'free things' (referring to feminine nouns).

Inflection: Feminine, Genitive Singular or Accusative Plural

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΣ, ΑΝΕΞΑΡΤΗΤΟΣ

G4374

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-EN-ei-men

Translations: offered, presented, brought, gave, added

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to offer,' 'to present,' 'to bring to,' or 'to give.' It can also mean 'to add' or 'to apply.' It is often used in contexts of bringing something to someone, such as gifts, sacrifices, or even accusations. In the provided examples, it seems to be used in the sense of 'adding' or 'giving' territory.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word προσφέρω (prospherō) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards,' and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry.'

G1885

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ar-KHEE-ah

Translations: province, a province, prefecture, a prefecture

Notes: This word refers to a province or a prefecture, which was an administrative division within the Roman Empire. It denotes a territory governed by a Roman official, often a proconsul or legate. It is used to describe a geographical region under a specific jurisdiction.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἘΠΑΡΧΕΊΑ, ΔΙΟΊΚΗΣΙΣ, ΧΏΡΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπαρχία (eparchía), from ἐπί (epí, “over, upon”) + ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “rule, beginning”). It refers to a territory under a ruler or governor.

G3804

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-THOOS

Translations: (of) suffering, (of) passion, (of) feeling, (of) emotion, (of) experience, (of) calamity

Notes: This word refers to a state of suffering, an intense emotion, or a strong feeling. It can also denote an experience or a calamity. It is often used in contexts describing physical or emotional pain, or strong desires and affections. In a sentence, it would typically follow a preposition or another noun that indicates possession or relation, such as 'the intensity of suffering' or 'the nature of passion'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΛΓΟΣ, ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΙΑ, ΠΟΝΟΣ

G0159

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ai-TEE-oy

Translations: responsible, responsible for, cause, guilty, those responsible, the causes

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'responsible for' or 'the cause of' something. It often carries the connotation of being blameworthy or guilty. It can be used to describe individuals or things that are the origin or reason for an event or state, whether positive or negative. For example, it could describe those who are responsible for a crime or those who are the cause of a particular outcome.

Inflection: Nominative Masculine Plural, Vocative Masculine Plural, Nominative Neuter Plural, Accusative Neuter Plural

Synonyms: ὙΠΕΥΘΥΝΟΣ, ἘΝΟΧΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑἸΤΙΟΣ (aitios) comes from the noun αἰτία (aitia), meaning 'cause, reason, blame'.

G2525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tes-TEE-san

Translations: they appointed, they established, they set, they put, they made

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to appoint, establish, set, or put someone or something in a particular position or state. It is often used in contexts where authority is given or a structure is put in place. For example, it can describe appointing officials, establishing laws, or setting up a system. It is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb καθίστημι.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΟΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word καθίστημι (kathistēmi) is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. Together, they convey the sense of setting something down firmly or establishing it.

G4714

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: stah-see-A-sahn-tes

Translations: having revolted, having rebelled, having caused dissension, having risen up in revolt, having taken a stand against

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'stasiazo', meaning to revolt, rebel, or cause dissension. It describes someone who has already engaged in an act of rebellion or has taken a stand against authority, often leading to conflict or civil strife. It implies a completed action of rising up or creating division.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΕΩ, ΕΠΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

G2525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tes-TEE-men

Translations: appointed, established, set up, constituted, placed, made, ordained

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'kathistēmi', meaning to appoint, establish, or set up. It can refer to someone being put in a position of authority or something being firmly put in place. It is often used in contexts of leadership, organization, or the establishment of laws or customs.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural OR Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΟΡΙΖΩ, ΤΑΣΣΩ

G0851

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-feh-LOH-meh-noy

Translations: taking away, having taken away, removing, having removed, cutting off, having cut off

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἀφαιρέω', meaning 'to take away', 'to remove', or 'to cut off'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially. It indicates that the subject has performed the action of taking away or removing something.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΌΠΤΩ, ἈΝΑΙΡΈΩ, ἈΠΟΛΎΩ

G315

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-nang-kas-THEE-men

Translations: we were compelled, we were forced, we were constrained

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to compel,' 'to force,' or 'to constrain.' The form provided, 'ἨΝΑΓΚΑΣΘΗΜΕΝ,' is a past tense, passive form, indicating that the subject (in this case, 'we') was acted upon, meaning 'we were compelled' or 'we were forced.' It describes a situation where someone or a group was made to do something against their will or by necessity.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΒΙΆΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΑΓΚΆΖΩ

G0591

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-doo-NAI

Translations: to give back, to pay back, to render, to restore, to repay, to return

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἀποδίδωμι (apodidōmi). It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'back', and the verb δίδωμι (didōmi), meaning 'to give'. Therefore, it literally means 'to give back' or 'to give away from oneself'. It is used to express the action of returning something, paying a debt, rendering what is due, or restoring something to its original state or owner. It can be used in contexts of financial transactions, fulfilling obligations, or divine retribution.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΔΙΔΟΝΑΙ, ἈΠΟΤΙΝΕΙΝ, ἈΠΟΚΑΘΙΣΤΑΝ

G4371

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PROS-eh-tee

Translations: besides, moreover, in addition, furthermore, yet, still

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'in addition to' or 'furthermore'. It is used to introduce an additional point or a further action, emphasizing that something is happening on top of what has already been mentioned. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'in addition', and the adverb ΕΤΙ (eti), meaning 'still' or 'yet'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΙ, ΚΑΙ, ΕΠΙΠΛΕΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙ is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in addition to', and the adverb ΕΤΙ (eti), meaning 'still, yet, besides'. It developed to signify an additional or further action or state.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PLEH-yoh

Translations: more, greater, many, much, a lot

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. 'Πλείω' specifically functions as the comparative form, meaning 'more' or 'greater'. It is used to indicate a larger quantity, degree, or number of something compared to another. It can be used adverbially to mean 'more' or 'further'.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular; or Masculine/Feminine/Neuter, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΟΤΕΡΟΣ, ΠΛΕΟΝ

G3461

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: MOO-ree-ah

Translations: ten thousand, countless, innumerable, a myriad, myriads

Notes: This word refers to a very large, indefinite number, often specifically ten thousand. It can function as an adjective meaning 'countless' or 'innumerable', or as a noun referring to a 'myriad' or 'ten thousand'. In the provided examples, it is used to denote a large quantity of people or animals.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΙΡΟΣ, ΑΝΑΡΙΘΜΗΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- meaning 'to diminish, to lessen'. In Greek, it evolved to refer to a very large, almost uncountable number, specifically ten thousand.

G1517

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ice-EP-rak-san-toh

Translations: they exacted, they collected, they demanded payment, they recovered

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from εἰς (eis, meaning 'into' or 'to') and πράσσω (prassō, meaning 'to do' or 'to accomplish'). It means to exact payment, to collect tribute or taxes, or to demand something from someone. It is often used in the context of financial transactions or the collection of debts.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΑΠΑΙΤΩ

G1085

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GEH-nos

Translations: race, kind, family, nation, offspring, stock, a race, a kind

Notes: This word refers to a group of people or things sharing a common origin, characteristic, or lineage. It can denote a family, a nation, a race, a species, or a type. It is often used to describe a lineage or descent, such as 'the race of Israel' or 'the family of David'. It can also refer to a general category or kind of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁- meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generation' in English.

G1325

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: di-do-MEH-nee

Translations: given, being given, delivered, being delivered, a given one, a delivered one

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give' or 'to deliver'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is currently happening to the subject. It means 'being given' or 'being delivered', indicating something that is in the process of being handed over or bestowed.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΔΙΔΟΜΕΝΗ, ΔΩΡΟΥΜΕΝΗ

G5092

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEE-may

Translations: honor, a price, value, respect, a sum, esteem, dignity

Notes: This word refers to honor, respect, or esteem, often implying a high regard for someone or something. It can also denote a monetary value or price, indicating the worth of an item or a sum paid. It is used in sentences to describe the value or respect attributed to a person, object, or action.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΞΑ, ΑΞΙΑ, ΚΕΡΔΟΣ

Etymology: This word comes from an ancient root meaning 'to value' or 'to estimate'. It is related to the verb τιμάω (timaō), meaning 'to honor' or 'to value'.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-neh-toh

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it became, it was, it came into being

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative middle/passive of the verb γίνομαι (ginomai). It signifies an event that occurred or a state that came into existence in the past. It is frequently used to introduce a new event or development in a narrative, often translated as 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'. It can also describe something becoming or being made into something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G3860

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-DOOS

Translations: having delivered, having handed over, having given up, having betrayed, having committed, having entrusted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραδίδωμι' (paradidōmi), meaning 'to hand over,' 'to deliver,' 'to give up,' or 'to betray.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the agent who performed the action of handing over or delivering something, or the state of having done so. For example, it can be used to describe someone who has delivered a message, handed over a prisoner, or betrayed a trust.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G1893

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-PEY-goh-meh-nos

Translations: hurrying, hastening, pressing on, being urgent, being pressed, being eager

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'ἐπείγω'. It describes someone who is hurrying, hastening, or being urged/pressed forward. It can also convey a sense of urgency or eagerness. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to describe an ongoing action.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Middle or Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΣΠΕΥΔΩΝ, ΤΑΧΥΝΩΝ

G1887

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-AY-geh-toh

Translations: was bringing upon, was leading on, was bringing along, was leading along, was bringing in, was leading in

Notes: This word is the imperfect middle or passive form of the verb ἐπάγω (epago), meaning 'to bring upon,' 'to lead on,' or 'to bring/lead along/in.' It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. As a compound word, it combines the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on,' with the verb ἄγω (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring.' Depending on the context, it can imply bringing something or someone to a place, or bringing something upon someone (like a consequence).

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΙΣΑΓΩ

G1074

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ge-ne-AS

Translations: of a generation, of generations, a generation, generations, of a race, of races, a race, races, of a family, of families, a family, families, of a kind, of kinds, a kind, kinds

Notes: This word refers to a generation of people, a race, a family, or a kind/species. It can also denote the time span of a generation. In the provided examples, it is used in the phrase "generations of generations" (ΓΕΝΕΑΣ ΓΕΝΕΩΝ), emphasizing a very long or eternal duration.

Inflection: Singular Genitive or Plural Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ, ΓΕΝΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb γίνομαι (ginomai), meaning "to come into being" or "to be born."

G220

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-lek-SAN-dros

Translations: Alexander

Notes: This is a common Greek proper name, meaning 'defender of mankind' or 'protector of men'. It refers to various historical figures, most notably Alexander the Great, the king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. It is used as a subject in sentences, indicating the person performing an action.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Alexandros' is derived from the Greek verb ἀλέξω (alexō), meaning 'to ward off, to defend, to help', and ἀνήρ (anēr), meaning 'man' (genitive ἀνδρός, andros). Thus, it means 'defender of mankind'.

G0646

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-PEH-drah

Translations: fled, ran away, escaped

Notes: This is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ἀποδιδράσκω, meaning 'to flee from' or 'to run away'. It describes an action of escaping or taking flight that occurred in the past. It is often used to describe someone who has escaped from danger, captivity, or a difficult situation.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποδιδράσκω is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀπο- (apo-), meaning 'away from', and the verb διδράσκω (didraskō), meaning 'to run' or 'to flee'.

G3501

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: neh-OH-teh-ross

Translations: younger, newest, youngest, newer

Notes: This word is the comparative and superlative form of the adjective 'ΝΕΟΣ' (neos), meaning 'new' or 'young'. As a comparative, it means 'younger' or 'newer'. As a superlative, it means 'youngest' or 'newest'. It is used to describe someone or something that is more recent in age or time compared to others, or the most recent among a group.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Comparative or Superlative

Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-go-nos

Translations: Antigonus

Notes: Antigonus is a common Greek proper name, most notably associated with several Hellenistic kings and generals, particularly Antigonus I Monophthalmus, a general of Alexander the Great and founder of the Antigonid dynasty. It is used to refer to a specific individual named Antigonus.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Antigonus is a compound of two Greek words: ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'in return for', and γόνος (gonos), meaning 'offspring' or 'birth'. Thus, the name can be interpreted as 'instead of his father' or 'worthy of his father'.

G4872

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-ah-peh-KOH-mee-zeh-toh

Translations: was being carried along with, was being brought along with, was being conveyed along with

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the prefixes ΣΥΝ- (together with) and ΑΠΟ- (from, away from) combined with the verb ΚΟΜΙΖΩ (to carry, bring). It describes an action where something or someone was being carried or brought along with another, often implying a movement away from a starting point. It is used to indicate that something was being conveyed or transported in company with something else.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΚΟΜΙΖΕΤΟ, ΣΥΝΕΦΕΡΕΤΟ

G0080