2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loo

Translations: much, many, great, greatly, often, a lot

Notes: This word is commonly used to indicate a large quantity, degree, or frequency. As an adverb, it means 'much,' 'greatly,' or 'often,' modifying verbs or adjectives. As an adjective, it means 'much' (for singular nouns) or 'many' (for plural nouns), describing the quantity of something. It can also mean 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΛΑ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is a very common word across various Indo-European languages.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G0864

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-fee-ko-MEH-noo

Translations: having come, having arrived, having reached, of one who has come, of one who has arrived

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'aphikneomai', meaning 'to arrive' or 'to come'. It describes an action that has already taken place, often functioning like an adjective or adverb to modify a noun or verb in the sentence. It indicates that someone or something has reached a particular place or state.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΛΘΟΝΤΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΥ

Etymology: The word ἀφικνέομαι (aphikneomai) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἱκνέομαι (hikneomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to reach'. Thus, it literally means 'to come from' or 'to arrive from'.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1904

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-ON-tos

Translations: of one coming upon, of one going upon, of one approaching, of one following, of one advancing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΕΠΕΙΜΙ', meaning 'to come upon' or 'to go upon'. It describes an action of approaching or following. As a genitive participle, it often functions adjectivally to modify a noun in the genitive case, or substantively as 'of the one who is coming/going upon'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΕΙΜΙ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ΕΙΜΙ (eimi), meaning 'to go' or 'to come'.

G2240

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-kon

Translations: they came, they had come, they arrived, they had arrived

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect or aorist indicative form of the verb ἥκω (hēkō), meaning 'to come' or 'to arrive'. It describes an action of coming or arriving that occurred in the past, either as a continuous action (imperfect) or a completed action (aorist). It is used to indicate that a group of people or things came to a certain place or state.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Indicative, Imperfect or Aorist

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ἥκω (hēkō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to ἵκω (hikō), meaning 'to come'.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G3173

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-gah

Translations: great, large, mighty, important, a great, a large

Notes: This word describes something as great, large, or mighty in size, extent, or importance. It can refer to physical size, but also to significance, power, or intensity. It is often used to emphasize the magnitude of something, such as a great storm, a great fear, or a great city. This particular form, ΜΕΓΑ, is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂- (great). It is related to Latin magnus and English much.

G0713

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-ris-TOH-boo-los

Translations: Aristobulus

Notes: Aristobulus is a male proper name of Greek origin. It was a common name among Hellenistic rulers and prominent figures, including members of the Hasmonean dynasty and the family of Herod the Great. The name is a compound word meaning 'best counselor' or 'best-advising'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Ἀριστόβουλος (Aristoboulos) is derived from the Greek words ἄριστος (aristos), meaning 'best' or 'excellent', and βουλή (boulē), meaning 'counsel' or 'plan'.

G0288

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: am-PEH-lon

Translations: vineyard, a vineyard, vine, a vine

Notes: This word refers to a vineyard, which is a plantation of grapevines, or to the vine itself. It is commonly used in agricultural contexts and often appears in parables and allegories in the New Testament to represent spiritual concepts, such as the kingdom of God or the people of God.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word ἈΜΠΕΛΟΣ (ampelos) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has been used since ancient times to refer to a vine or vineyard.

G4000

Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective

Sounds like: pen-tah-ko-SEE-ohn

Translations: of five hundred, five hundred

Notes: This word is a numeral meaning 'five hundred'. It is used to indicate a quantity of 500. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating that there are 500 of that noun. It is a compound word formed from 'πέντε' (five) and 'ἑκατόν' (hundred).

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Etymology: The word ΠΕΝΤΑΚΟΣΙΟΙ (pentakosioi) is a compound word derived from the Greek numeral πέντε (pente), meaning 'five', and the word ἑκατόν (hekaton), meaning 'hundred'.

G3403

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mem-NEE-tai

Translations: he remembers, she remembers, it remembers, he has remembered, she has remembered, it has remembered

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to remember' or 'to call to mind'. It is often used to indicate an ongoing state of remembering or a completed action with continuing results. It can be used with a genitive object (e.g., 'he remembers of the Lord') or an accusative object (e.g., 'he remembers every sorrow').

Inflection: Perfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΘΥΜΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΑΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΩ, ΜΝΗΜΟΝΕΥΩ

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: STRAH-bohn

Translations: Strabo

Notes: Strabo was a Greek geographer, philosopher, and historian who lived in Asia Minor during the transitional period of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. He is best known for his work 'Geographica', a 17-volume encyclopedia of geographical and historical information about the world known to the ancient Greeks and Romans. The name 'Strabo' itself means 'squint-eyed' or 'cross-eyed'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ancient Greek στραβός (strabós), meaning 'squinting' or 'cross-eyed'. It was a common cognomen (nickname) in ancient Rome, and the geographer Strabo adopted it as his name.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G4242

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pres-BEH-yah

Translations: seniority, birthright, embassy, a deputation, a delegation, a right of precedence

Notes: This word refers to seniority, especially in terms of birthright or privilege. It can also denote an embassy, a deputation, or a delegation, representing a group of people or a message. In a broader sense, it signifies a right of precedence or a position of honor.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΕΣΒΕΥΣ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΗΣ, ΠΡΩΤΟΤΟΚΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek word πρέσβυς (presbys), meaning 'old man' or 'elder'. It relates to the concept of age conferring authority or status.

G4735

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: steh-FAH-nos

Translations: crown, a crown, wreath, a wreath, garland, a garland

Notes: This word refers to a crown, wreath, or garland, often made of leaves or flowers, worn on the head. It can symbolize victory, honor, royalty, or a prize awarded in contests. It is commonly used to denote a literal head covering or metaphorically to represent a reward or glory.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΔΗΜΑ, ΚΟΡΩΝΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ (stephanos) comes from the verb στέφω (stephō), meaning 'to encircle' or 'to crown'. It refers to something that encircles the head.

G5553

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: khry-SOHN

Translations: of gold, of golden things, golden things, golden objects

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun or adjective 'ΧΡΥΣΟΣ', meaning 'gold' or 'golden'. As a noun, it refers to things made of gold or golden objects. As an adjective, it describes something as being golden. In this genitive plural form, it typically indicates possession or material, meaning 'of gold' or 'belonging to golden things'. It can also function as a substantive, referring to 'golden things' or 'golden objects' themselves.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΡΥΣΙΟΝ, ΧΡΥΣΕΟΣ

G1538

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EYE-teh

Translations: whether, or, either...or

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce alternative possibilities. It often appears in pairs (eite... eite...) to mean 'either... or', but can also be used alone to mean 'whether' or simply 'or'. It connects clauses or phrases that present different options or conditions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: Ἠ

Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei), meaning 'if', and the particle τε (te), meaning 'and'. It combines these elements to express conditional alternatives.

G0288

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AM-peh-los

Translations: vine, a vine, vineyard

Notes: This word refers to a vine, specifically a grape vine, or by extension, a vineyard. It is commonly used in agricultural contexts and can also be used metaphorically, such as in the New Testament where Jesus refers to himself as 'the true vine'. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΛΗΜΑ, ΟΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word "ἈΜΠΕΛΟΣ" is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has been used since ancient times to refer to the grape vine.

G3687

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-NO-ma-zon

Translations: they were naming, they were calling, they were giving a name to

Notes: This is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'onomazō', meaning 'to name' or 'to call by name'. The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past. Therefore, 'ōnomazon' means 'they were naming' or 'they used to name', implying a continuous or habitual action of naming or calling someone/something by a name.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G3305

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN-toy

Translations: however, certainly, indeed, nevertheless, yet, truly

Notes: ΜΕΝΤΟΙ is a particle used to introduce a strong contrast or to emphasize a statement. It often means 'however' or 'nevertheless' when introducing a contrasting idea, or 'certainly' or 'indeed' when adding emphasis to a preceding statement. It can be used to affirm something strongly or to mark a transition to a more important or contrasting point.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΔΕ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: From the particle μέν (men) meaning 'on the one hand' or 'indeed', and τοι (toi) meaning 'surely' or 'indeed'. It combines these elements to form a stronger emphatic or adversative particle.

G2478

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: his-toh-RAY-kah-men

Translations: we have inquired, we have learned, we have investigated, we have ascertained, we have visited, we have seen

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to inquire into,' 'to learn by inquiry,' 'to investigate,' or 'to ascertain.' It can also mean 'to visit' or 'to see' in the sense of gaining knowledge through direct observation or experience. In this form, it indicates an action completed in the past with continuing relevance to the present, performed by a group including the speaker.

Inflection: First Person, Plural, Perfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΓΝΩΚΑΜΕΝ, ΕΠΕΓΝΩΚΑΜΕΝ

G0345

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-KEE-meh-non

Translations: reclining, lying at table, sitting at table, lying down, placed, set up, a reclining one, a thing set up

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, neuter singular, of the verb 'ἀνάκειμαι' (anakeimai). It is a compound word formed from 'ἀνά' (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and 'κεῖμαι' (keimai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to be placed'. It describes someone or something that is in a reclining position, especially at a meal, as was customary in ancient times. It can also refer to something that is set up or placed in a particular location.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΝ, ἈΝΑΠΙΠΤΩΝ, ΚΑΤΑΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΝ

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G4516

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: ROH-may

Translations: Rome, strength, power, might, a strength, a power, a might

Notes: This word can refer to the city of Rome, the capital of the Roman Empire. It can also mean 'strength,' 'power,' or 'might,' referring to physical or moral force. In the context of strength, it describes the inherent ability or vigor to accomplish something. It can be used to describe the strength of a person, an animal, or even a concept.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ῥώμη (rhōmē) meaning 'strength' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to ῥώννυμι (rhōnnymi, 'to strengthen'). The city name 'Rome' (Ῥώμη) is thought to be derived from this word, implying 'the city of strength' or 'the strong city'.

G2413, G2411

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-ROH

Translations: holy, sacred, temple, a temple, sacred place, a sacred place, (to) a temple, (to) a sacred place

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'holy' or 'sacred', or as a noun meaning 'temple' or 'sacred place'. When used as a noun, it refers to a sacred building or area, often specifically the Temple in Jerusalem. As an adjective, it describes something set apart for God or dedicated to religious purposes. In the provided form, it is in the dative case, indicating 'to' or 'for' a holy thing or place.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἱερός (hieros) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to sacrifice, to consecrate'. It is related to words signifying 'sacred' or 'holy' in various Indo-European languages.

G2203

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: DEE-os

Translations: (of) Zeus, (of) Jupiter

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Zeus'. Zeus was the supreme deity in Greek mythology, the king of the gods, and ruler of Mount Olympus. In English, it is often equated with the Roman god Jupiter. The genitive case indicates possession or origin, so 'ΔΙΟΣ' typically translates to 'of Zeus' or 'belonging to Zeus'. It can be used to describe something associated with Zeus, such as 'the temple of Zeus' or 'the day of Zeus'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Zeus' (ΖΕΥΣ) is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'sky' or 'day', reflecting his role as a sky god.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: kah-peh-TOH-lee-oo

Translations: of Capitol, of the Capitol

Notes: This word refers to the Capitoline Hill in Rome, which was one of the seven hills of ancient Rome and the site of important temples, particularly the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. It was a central location for religious and political life in the Roman Empire. The word is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of the Capitol'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Etymology: The word ΚΑΠΕΤΩΛΙΟΝ is a transliteration of the Latin word 'Capitolium', which refers to the Capitoline Hill in Rome. The Latin word itself is derived from 'caput', meaning 'head', possibly referring to the hill as the 'head' or chief place of Rome, or from a legendary discovery of a human head during the foundation of the temple.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: EKH-on

Translations: having, holding, possessing, keeping, a having, a holding, a possessing, a keeping

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'having' or 'holding'. It describes an ongoing action of possession or holding. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing how an action is performed. For example, 'the man having the book' or 'he walked, having a stick'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G223

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-lek-SAN-droo

Translations: of Alexander

Notes: This is the genitive form of the proper noun 'Alexander'. It refers to a person named Alexander, most notably Alexander the Great, the Macedonian king who conquered much of the ancient world. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to 'Alexander's' or 'belonging to Alexander' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From the Greek name Alexandros, meaning 'defender of mankind' or 'protector of men'. It is a compound of 'alexein' (to defend, help) and 'aner' (man, male).

G5091

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-tee-MAY-thay

Translations: he was honored, she was honored, it was honored, he was valued, she was valued, it was valued, he was esteemed, she was esteemed, it was esteemed

Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'he/she/it was honored' or 'he/she/it was valued/esteemed'. It describes an action that happened in the past and was completed, where the subject received the honor or value. For example, 'The king was honored' or 'The gift was valued'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΟΞΑΖΩ, ΣΕΒΩ

Etymology: The word ΤΙΜΑΩ comes from the noun ΤΙΜΗ (timē), meaning 'honor, value, price'. It is related to the concept of assigning worth or respect.

G0713

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-ris-TO-boo-lon

Translations: Aristobulus

Notes: This is a Greek proper name, meaning 'best counsel' or 'best advisor'. It was a common name in antiquity, borne by several historical figures, including members of the Herodian dynasty and a Jewish high priest. In a sentence, it would refer to a specific individual named Aristobulus, often as the direct object of a verb.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Aristobulus is derived from the Greek words 'aristos' (ἄριστος), meaning 'best' or 'excellent', and 'boulē' (βουλή), meaning 'counsel' or 'advice'.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: LEH-geh-tai

Translations: it is said, it is spoken, it is told, he is said, she is said, it is called

Notes: This word is the third person singular, present indicative, passive form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. Therefore, 'λέγεται' translates to 'it is said' or 'it is spoken'. It indicates that something is being stated or reported by an unspecified agent, or that someone/something is being referred to or called by a certain name.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΡΩ

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G0493

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-pa-tros

Translations: Antipas, Antipater

Notes: This is a masculine proper noun, referring to a personal name. It was a common name in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, borne by several historical figures, including a son of Herod the Great (Herod Antipas). It is used to identify a specific individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name is of Greek origin, meaning 'like the father' or 'instead of the father'. It is a compound word derived from 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'instead of' or 'like', and 'πατήρ' (patēr), meaning 'father'.

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G3530

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: nee-ko-DEE-mos

Translations: Nicodemus

Notes: This is a proper name, referring to a specific individual. In the New Testament, Nicodemus was a Pharisee and a member of the Sanhedrin who showed a secret interest in Jesus. The name itself is a compound word, meaning 'victor of the people'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Νικόδημος (Nikodēmos) is of Greek origin, derived from two elements: νίκη (nikē), meaning 'victory', and δῆμος (dēmos), meaning 'people'. Thus, it means 'victory of the people' or 'victor of the people'.

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: lah-BON-tone

Translations: of those having taken, of those having received, of those having seized, of those having grasped

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambano), meaning 'to take', 'to receive', 'to seize', or 'to grasp'. As a genitive plural participle, it describes the action of 'taking' or 'receiving' in relation to multiple subjects, often translated as 'of those who took' or 'when they had taken'. It functions adverbially or adjectivally, providing additional information about the main verb or noun in a sentence.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: gah-BEE-nee-oo

Translations: of Gabinius

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun "Gabinius," a Roman family name. It refers to something belonging to or associated with a person named Gabinius. In ancient texts, it would be used to indicate possession or relationship, similar to saying "Gabinius's" or "of Gabinius" in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name Gabinius is of Latin origin, derived from the Roman gens (clan) name Gabinia. It is associated with the ancient city of Gabii in Latium.

G4387

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G5306

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: HOO-steh-ron

Translations: later, afterward, last, finally, the latter, the end, a later time, the later

Notes: This word indicates a point in time that comes after another, or something that is last in a sequence. It can function as an adverb meaning 'later' or 'afterward', or as an adjective/noun meaning 'the last' or 'the latter part'. It is often used to refer to a subsequent event or a final outcome.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (when functioning as a noun/adjective), Adverbial

Synonyms: ΟΨΕ, ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΤΕΛΟΣ

Etymology: From the comparative form of the adverb 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'below', indicating a position or time that is subsequent or inferior.

G5071

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: tet-ra-KO-see-ah

Translations: four hundred

Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'four hundred'. It is used to quantify nouns, indicating a quantity of 400. It functions similarly to an adjective, agreeing in number, gender, and case with the noun it modifies, though it can also be used substantively.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter. It can also be used for Masculine or Feminine nouns in these cases.

Etymology: The word ΤΕΤΡΑΚΟΣΙΑ is derived from the Greek prefix ΤΕΤΡΑ- (tetra-), meaning 'four', and the root for 'hundred', -ΚΟΣΙΑ (-kosia).

G0243

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-loys

Translations: to others, for others, with others, other, another

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'with'. It is a common word used to distinguish one group or item from another.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G2687

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective

Sounds like: kah-tah-skay-oo-AH-zohn

Translations: preparing, making ready, building, constructing, furnishing, equipping, providing, establishing, creating

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to prepare thoroughly' or 'to make ready'. It describes the act of building, constructing, furnishing, or equipping something. It can also refer to establishing or creating something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that is in the process of performing this action.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ, ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: The word κατασκευάζω is a compound of κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'thoroughly', and σκευάζω (skeuazō), meaning 'to prepare' or 'to make ready'. The latter part is derived from σκεῦος (skeuos), meaning 'vessel', 'implement', or 'equipment'.

G2753

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: keh-LEH-oo-sas

Translations: commanding, having commanded, ordering, having ordered, bidding, having bidden

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'κελεύω' (keleuō), meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It can be translated as 'the one who commanded,' 'having commanded,' or 'when he commanded,' depending on the context.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word κελεύω (keleuō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to κέλλω (kello), meaning 'to drive, urge on'.

G2240

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: HE-kane

Translations: to have come, to be present, to arrive, to come, to be fitting, to pertain to

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive of the verb ἥκω. It describes the state of having arrived and being present, or the action of coming. It can also be used impersonally to mean 'it is fitting' or 'it pertains to' when followed by an infinitive.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- 'to follow'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to have come' or 'to be present', implying a state of having followed a path to a destination.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G1264

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-am-fees-bee-TOON-tas

Translations: disputing, contending, questioning, arguing, a disputing one

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'διαμφισβητέω', meaning 'to dispute' or 'to contend'. It describes someone who is actively engaged in a dispute, argument, or questioning. It can be used to refer to 'those who are disputing' or 'the disputing ones' in a sentence.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΛΕΓΟΝΤΑΣ, ΕΡΙΖΟΝΤΑΣ, ΑΜΦΙΣΒΗΤΟΥΝΤΑΣ

G0353

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-nah-lah-BOHN

Translations: taking up, having taken up, receiving, assuming, picking up, restoring

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb ἀναλαμβάνω. It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana, meaning 'up' or 'again') and λαμβάνω (lambanō, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). It generally means to take up, pick up, or receive something, often implying an action of lifting or resuming. It can also mean to assume a role or to restore something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΡΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G5494

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khee-ma-DEE-ohn

Translations: of winter quarters, of winter pastures, of wintering places

Notes: This word refers to places used for wintering, such as winter quarters for soldiers or winter pastures for livestock. It is a compound word derived from 'χείμα' (cheima), meaning 'winter' or 'storm', and a suffix indicating a place. It describes a location where one spends the winter season.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΕΙΜΩΝ, ΧΕΙΜΑΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΧΕΙΜΑΔΙΟΝ (cheimadion) is derived from the Greek word χεῖμα (cheima), meaning 'winter' or 'storm', combined with the diminutive suffix -διον (-dion), which can also denote a place. It refers to a place associated with winter.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G1158

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: dah-mas-KAY-nays

Translations: of Damascene, of Damascus

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'Damascene' or 'of Damascus'. It is used to describe something or someone originating from or belonging to the city of Damascus. For example, it could refer to a person from Damascus, or an object that came from Damascus.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Etymology: The word ΔΑΜΑΣΚΗΝΟΣ is derived from the proper noun ΔΑΜΑΣΚΟΣ (Damascus), the ancient city in Syria. It is formed by adding the adjectival suffix -ηνός, indicating origin or belonging.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G0206

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AH-kran

Translations: highest, outermost, extreme, top, peak, summit, edge, a peak, an edge

Notes: This word describes something that is at the very top, tip, or extreme edge. It can refer to the highest point of a mountain, the tip of a finger, or the outermost part of something. It is used to denote the extremity or culmination of something.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΡΥΦΗ, ἈΚΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ak- ('sharp, pointed'). It refers to the sharp or pointed end of something, hence the meaning of 'highest' or 'extreme'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-pah-MEH-yah

Translations: Apamea

Notes: Apamea refers to several ancient cities in the Near East, particularly in Syria and Phrygia. It was often named after Apama, the wife of Seleucus I Nicator. In historical texts, it is used to denote the specific city being discussed, often in the context of military campaigns, political events, or geographical locations.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Apamea' is derived from Apama, the Bactrian wife of Seleucus I Nicator, the founder of the Seleucid Empire. Several cities were named after her during the Hellenistic period.

G2692

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tes-KAP-sen

Translations: demolished, razed, destroyed, tore down, overthrew

Notes: This verb means to demolish, raze, or tear down completely. It implies a thorough destruction, often of structures or cities. It is used to describe the act of utterly destroying something, leaving it in ruins.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΕΞΟΛΕΘΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb σκάπτω (skaptō), meaning 'to dig' or 'to excavate'. Thus, it literally means 'to dig down' or 'to dig up', leading to the sense of demolishing or razing.

G2657

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-no-EH-sen

Translations: he observed, he considered, he perceived, he understood, he noticed, he discerned

Notes: This word describes the act of observing something carefully, considering it deeply, or perceiving it with understanding. It implies a thorough mental process of taking something in and comprehending its nature or significance. It is often used to indicate a careful and thoughtful consideration of a situation or object.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

G3990

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peh-leh-KISS-then-toss

Translations: of one who has been beheaded, of one who has been axed, of one who has been cut down

Notes: This word is a genitive singular aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'πελεκίζω' (pelekizō), meaning 'to behead' or 'to cut down with an axe'. As a passive participle, it describes someone or something that has undergone the action of being beheaded or cut down. In a sentence, it would typically modify a noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, such as 'the one of him who was beheaded'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Passive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΕΦΑΛΙΖΩ

Etymology: The verb πελεκίζω (pelekizō) is derived from the noun πέλεκυς (pelekys), meaning 'axe'. Thus, the verb literally means 'to use an axe' or 'to strike with an axe'.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: whoever, whatever, whichever, just as, inasmuch as, the very one who, the very thing which

Notes: This is a compound relative pronoun, formed from the relative pronoun ὅς (who, which) and the enclitic particle περ (indeed, very). It emphasizes the preceding noun or clause, meaning 'the very one who' or 'the very thing which', or more generally 'whoever' or 'whatever'. It can also be used to mean 'just as' or 'inasmuch as', indicating a strong correspondence or reason.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, All genders, All cases

Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ, ΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ὅσπερ is a compound of the relative pronoun ὅς (who, which) and the enclitic particle περ (indeed, very). The particle περ adds emphasis or intensity to the word it modifies.

G2737

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kay-DEH-oon

Translations: marrying, giving in marriage, becoming allied by marriage, taking care of, having concern for

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'κηδεύω'. It describes someone who is actively involved in a marriage relationship, either by marrying someone, giving someone in marriage, or becoming allied through marriage. It can also carry the broader sense of taking care of or having concern for someone, especially in a familial or protective context.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΑΜΕΩ, ΣΥΖΕΥΓΝΥΜΙ

G5177

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-TOONG-kha-nen

Translations: was, happened to be, obtained, met with, chanced to be

Notes: This is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'τυγχάνω'. It describes an action or state that was ongoing, repeated, or habitual in the past. It can mean 'to happen to be' (often implying a state of being or existence), 'to obtain' (to get or acquire something), or 'to meet with' (to encounter someone or something). In many contexts, it functions as a copula, meaning 'was' or 'happened to be'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

G1805

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ex-oh-nee-SAH-meh-noo

Translations: of having bought out, of having redeemed, of having purchased

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'exōneomai', meaning 'to buy out' or 'to redeem'. It describes someone who has completed the action of buying or redeeming something. It is often used in contexts of purchasing freedom or deliverance, especially from a state of bondage or obligation. For example, it could describe someone who has bought a slave's freedom or redeemed a pledge.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΑΓΟΡΑΖΩ, ΛΥΤΡΟΩ

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G4757

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-tee-OH-tahs

Translations: soldiers

Notes: This word refers to a soldier, a member of an army or military force. It is typically used to describe individuals who serve in a military capacity, often in a group. In a sentence, it would function as the object of a verb or preposition, indicating the recipients of an action or the subject of a description.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word στρατιώτης (stratiōtēs) comes from στρατιά (stratia), meaning 'army' or 'military service', which itself is derived from στρατός (stratos), meaning 'army' or 'encampment'.

G3406

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-mis-thoh-doh-TEE-sen

Translations: he rewarded, he gave a reward, he paid wages

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to give a reward' or 'to pay wages'. It describes the action of someone providing compensation or a recompense for services rendered or actions performed. It is used in the past tense, indicating that the action has already occurred.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΣΙΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΙΣΘΟΔΟΤΕΩ is a compound of two Greek words: μισθός (misthos), meaning 'wages' or 'reward', and δίδωμι (didomi), meaning 'to give'. Thus, it literally means 'to give wages' or 'to give a reward'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: loo-see-AH-dah

Translations: Lysiada

Notes: Lysiada is a proper noun, likely referring to a specific place or region. In the provided context, it appears to be a geographical location, possibly a town or territory, as it is mentioned alongside "χωρίον" (region/place). It functions as a direct object in the accusative case.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name Lysiada is of Greek origin, derived from the personal name Lysias, meaning 'a setting free' or 'deliverance'. The suffix '-ada' is often used to form place names or patronymics.

G5561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kho-REE-on

Translations: field, a field, piece of land, a piece of land, place, a place, region, a region, country, a country, village, a village

Notes: This word refers to a specific piece of land, a field, or a defined area. It can also denote a region, country, or even a village. It is often used to describe a plot of ground, especially one used for agriculture or as a dwelling place.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΡΟΣ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΚΩΜΗ

Etymology: ΧΩΡΙΟΝ is a diminutive of χῶρος (chōros), meaning 'place' or 'space'. Over time, it came to specifically denote a smaller, defined area, such as a field or a village.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G5177

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: too-RAH-noss

Translations: tyrant, a tyrant, ruler, despot

Notes: This word refers to a ruler who holds absolute power, often one who has seized power unconstitutionally. While in modern English 'tyrant' carries a negative connotation of oppressive rule, in ancient Greek, especially initially, it could simply refer to a powerful ruler or monarch, without necessarily implying cruelty or injustice. It is used to describe a powerful individual in authority.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ, ΔΥΝΑΣΤΗΣ, ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ

Etymology: The word 'tyrannos' is of pre-Greek origin, likely from an Anatolian language. It entered Greek during the Archaic period and originally referred to an absolute ruler, often one who came to power outside of hereditary succession.

G2453

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-yoss

Translations: Jewish, a Jew, a Judean, a Judean man

Notes: This word refers to someone who is Jewish, either by ethnicity or religion, or a resident of Judea. It can be used as an adjective to describe something as 'Jewish' or as a noun to refer to 'a Jew' or 'a Judean'. In the New Testament, it often distinguishes between those who follow Jewish law and customs and those who do not.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: From the Hebrew word 'Yehudah' (Judah), referring to the tribe of Judah or the region of Judea. It came to denote a member of the Jewish people.

G1330

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-el-THOHN

Translations: having gone through, having passed through, having gone throughout, having traveled through, having crossed

Notes: This is the aorist active participle of the verb 'διέρχομαι' (dierchomai), meaning 'to go through' or 'to pass through'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed before or at the same time as the main verb, often translated with 'having' + past participle. It implies movement from one point to another, often covering a significant distance or traversing an area.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΔΙΑΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G2244

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: hay-lee-oo-PO-lin

Translations: Heliopolis

Notes: Heliopolis refers to an ancient city, most famously the one in Egypt, known as the 'City of the the Sun'. It was a major religious center dedicated to the sun god Ra. The word is a compound of 'ἥλιος' (helios, meaning 'sun') and 'πόλις' (polis, meaning 'city').

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word ΗΛΙΟΥΠΟΛΙΣ is a compound of two Greek words: ἥλιος (helios), meaning 'sun', and πόλις (polis), meaning 'city'. It literally translates to 'City of the Sun'.

G5479

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KHAL-kee-da

Translations: Chalcis, to Chalcis

Notes: Chalcis is the name of an ancient city located on the island of Euboea in Greece. It was a significant city in ancient times, known for its trade and strategic location. In Koine Greek texts, it typically refers to this specific geographical location.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name Chalcis is of ancient Greek origin, possibly derived from the Greek word 'χαλκός' (chalkos), meaning 'copper' or 'bronze', suggesting a connection to metalworking or copper mines in the region.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-EER-gon

Translations: kept apart, separated, divided, hindered, prevented

Notes: This is the imperfect active indicative, third person plural form of the verb διείργω (dieirgō), meaning 'to keep apart, separate, divide, hinder, or prevent'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It would be used in a sentence to indicate that a group of people or things were keeping something apart or hindering an action.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΚΩΛΥΩ, ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word διείργω (dieirgō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb εἴργω (eirgō), meaning 'to shut in, shut out, or prevent'.

G4377

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-ah-go-REH-oo-men-ayn

Translations: called, named, addressed as, a called, a named, an addressed as

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being called' or 'being named'. It describes something or someone that is referred to by a particular name or title. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, indicating that the noun is the one being called or named. For example, 'the city called Jerusalem' or 'the man named John'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΗΝ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΗΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ (prosagoreuō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ (agoreuō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to proclaim'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak to' or 'to address', which evolved to mean 'to name' or 'to call by name'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G1308

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-FEH-ron-toh

Translations: they were carried through, they were carried about, they were scattered, they differed, they excelled, they were superior

Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'διαφέρω' (diapherō). It can mean 'to carry through,' 'to carry about,' 'to scatter,' 'to differ,' 'to excel,' or 'to be superior.' The specific meaning depends on the context. In the provided examples, it seems to convey a sense of being scattered or differing.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΣΚΟΡΠΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΣΚΟΡΠΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΣΠΕΙΡΟΜΑΙ

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-nos

Translations: nation, a nation, people, a people, Gentiles, a Gentile

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it often refers specifically to the Gentiles, meaning non-Jewish people. It can be used to describe a large group of people united by common descent, culture, or language.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'). It refers to a group of people sharing common customs or characteristics.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G0515

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ax-ee-O-oon

Translations: to think worthy, to deem worthy, to consider worthy, to ask, to demand, to request

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to consider someone or something worthy, or to deem them deserving of something. It can also mean to ask for something as if by right, or to demand. It is often used in contexts where a person is requesting something with a sense of entitlement or a belief in their own worthiness.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑἸΤΈΩ, ΔΈΟΜΑΙ, ΖΗΤΈΩ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἄξιος (axios), meaning 'worthy' or 'deserving'. The verb form means 'to deem worthy' or 'to consider worthy'.

G3961

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAH-tree-on

Translations: ancestral, hereditary, traditional, of the fathers, customary

Notes: This word describes something that belongs to or is inherited from one's fathers or ancestors. It refers to customs, laws, or traditions that have been passed down through generations. It can be used to describe anything that is characteristic of one's heritage or lineage.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΑΤΡΩΟΣ, ΠΑΤΡΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word πατήρ (patēr), meaning 'father', combined with the suffix -ιον, indicating belonging or relation.

G5091

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: tee-MOH-meh-noo

Translations: of being honored, of being valued, of being esteemed, of being worshipped

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'τιμάω' (timao), meaning 'to honor' or 'to value'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is currently happening to the subject. In this form, it means 'of one who is being honored' or 'of that which is being valued'. It indicates a continuous state of being honored or esteemed.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΣΕΒΟΜΕΝΟΥ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΟΥΜΕΝΟΥ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G3980

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pay-THAR-kane

Translations: to obey, to be obedient, to submit to authority

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to obey or to be obedient, particularly to authority. It describes the act of complying with commands or submitting to the will of another, often in a context of governance, law, or moral obligation. It is formed from two parts: the verb 'πείθω' (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to obey', and the noun 'ἀρχή' (archē), meaning 'rule' or 'authority'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΕΙΚΩ

G1510

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tas

Translations: being, existing, those who are, those who exist

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (ΕἸΜΙ), inflected in the masculine accusative plural. It describes individuals or things that are currently in a state of being or existence. It can be translated as 'being' or 'existing', often referring to 'those who are' or 'those who exist' in a particular state or place, especially when used substantively (as a noun). For example, it might refer to 'those who are present' or 'those who are alive'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

G0662

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-po-GOH-noos

Translations: descendants, offspring, posterity

Notes: This word refers to those born after, or descended from, a particular person or group. It is used to denote future generations or the lineage that follows. For example, one might speak of the descendants of a king or a nation.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΚΓΟΝΟΙ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ

Etymology: The word ἀπόγονος (apogonos) is a compound word derived from ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and γόνος (gonos), meaning 'offspring' or 'birth'. Thus, it literally means 'from birth' or 'born from', referring to those who come after.

G1401

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DOO-lon

Translations: slave, a slave, servant, a servant

Notes: This word refers to a slave or a servant. In ancient contexts, a 'slave' was someone who was owned by another person and compelled to serve them, often without pay. A 'servant' could be a broader term, sometimes referring to someone who willingly serves another, often in a position of humility or devotion, such as a servant of God. It is often used to describe a person in a position of subservience or obedience.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΘΕΡΑΠΩΝ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΗΣ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GEH-noi-toh

Translations: let it be, may it be, so be it, amen

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to become' or 'to happen'. In this specific form, it is in the optative mood, which expresses a wish, a prayer, or a strong desire. It is often translated as 'let it be' or 'may it happen', similar to the English 'amen' when used to affirm a statement or prayer.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Optative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ἘΙΗ, ΓΕΝΗΘΗΤΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G4245

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: pres-BYOO-teh-ros

Translations: older, elder, an elder, old man, an old man

Notes: This word describes someone who is older in age or more advanced in years. It can be used as an adjective to describe an older person, or as a noun referring to an 'elder' or 'old man'. In a religious context, particularly in early Christianity, it refers to a leader or official in the church, often translated as 'elder' or 'presbyter'.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΕΡΩΝ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΣ

Etymology: From the comparative form of the adjective πρέσβυς (presbys), meaning 'old' or 'elderly'. It literally means 'older'.

G4243

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pres-BEY-on

Translations: right of seniority, a right of seniority, privilege, a privilege, pre-eminence, priority

Notes: This word refers to a right or privilege that is granted due to seniority, age, or pre-eminence. It signifies a special advantage or honor that comes with being older or holding a higher position. It can be used in contexts where someone is given a particular status or benefit because of their established standing.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΝΟΜΙΟΝ, ΠΡΩΤΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: Derived from the word πρέσβυς (presbys), meaning 'old man' or 'elder', which emphasizes the concept of seniority or age as the basis for the privilege.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G3398

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: mee-KRON

Translations: small, little, a little, a small thing, a short time

Notes: This word is an adjective that describes something as small in size, quantity, or importance. It can be used to refer to physical smallness, a small amount, or something of lesser significance. In its neuter form, it can also function as a noun meaning 'a small thing' or 'a little bit', or as an adverb meaning 'a little' or 'for a short time'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Masculine or Feminine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΙΚΡΟΣ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'small'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of smallness or littleness.

G3313

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MEH-ross

Translations: part, a part, share, a share, portion, a portion, region, a region, side, a side

Notes: This word refers to a part, share, or portion of something. It can also denote a region or a side. It is commonly used to indicate a division or segment of a whole, or a specific area or direction.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΤΜΗΜΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *smer- 'to allot, assign'. It is related to the verb μείρομαι (meiromai), meaning 'to receive one's share'.

G5561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHO-ras

Translations: of a country, of a region, of a land, of a place, of the country, of the region, of the land, of the place, countries, regions, lands, places

Notes: This word refers to a country, region, land, or place. It is often used to denote a specific geographical area or territory. In its genitive singular form, it indicates possession or origin, such as 'of a country' or 'from a region'. It can also function as the nominative or accusative plural, meaning 'countries' or 'regions'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΓΗ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: OOF

Translations: under, by, with, from, at the hand of, by means of, through

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'by'. The final vowel of 'ΥΠΟ' is dropped when the following word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. It indicates a position beneath something, or agency (by means of someone/something), or cause. It can also denote the instrument or agent by which something is done. It is a very common preposition in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect; governs the genitive and accusative cases.

Etymology: The word 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'under'. It is related to English words like 'hypodermic' and 'hypothermia'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: lah-BOHN

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the means or circumstance by which another action takes place. For example, 'having taken the book, he read it' or 'receiving the gift, she smiled.'

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΛΗΦΩΣ

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tah-DROH-mas

Translations: incursion, raid, attack, a raid, an attack

Notes: This word refers to a hostile running down, an incursion, or a raid. It describes a swift and often aggressive movement into enemy territory or against an opponent, typically for the purpose of plunder or destruction. It is a compound word formed from κατά (down, against) and δρόμος (a running, course).

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΔΡΟΜΗ, ΕΦΟΔΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΒΟΛΗ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΔΡΟΜΗ is derived from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and δρόμος (dromos), meaning 'a running' or 'course'. It literally means 'a running down' or 'a running against'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pei-ra-TEE-ri-a

Translations: piratical attacks, piratical expeditions, acts of piracy, raids, trials, tests

Notes: This word refers to piratical attacks, raids, or expeditions, particularly those carried out by sea. It can also metaphorically refer to trials or tests, as the root word relates to 'attempt' or 'test'. It is a compound word derived from the concept of 'pirate' or 'one who attempts'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΗΣΤΕΙΑΙ, ΕΠΙΔΡΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΔΡΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΙΡΑΤΗΡΙΟΝ (peiratērion) is derived from the verb ΠΕΙΡΑΩ (peiraō), meaning 'to attempt' or 'to test', and the noun ΠΕΙΡΑΤΗΣ (peiratēs), meaning 'pirate'. It describes actions or places related to piracy or attempts.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G4921

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soo-ste-SAN-tah

Translations: having stood with, having commended, having established, having introduced, having proved, having presented

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having stood with' or 'having established/commended'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject. It can be used to describe someone who has brought together, introduced, established, or proved something. In the provided context, it refers to someone who has established or organized something, such as raids or piracy.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΝΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G1225

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-BAH-len

Translations: slandered, accused, denounced, defamed

Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'διαβάλλω' (diaballō), meaning 'to slander,' 'to accuse,' or 'to denounce.' It describes the act of speaking maliciously or falsely about someone, often with the intent to harm their reputation or turn others against them. It can be used in contexts where someone is being brought into disrepute or charged with wrongdoing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΕΩ, ΣΥΚΟΦΑΝΤΕΩ

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OOD

Translations: not, no, nor, neither, not even

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It is often used in combination with other negative words to strengthen the negation, such as in the phrase "οὐ μή" (ou mē), which conveys a strong, emphatic negation, often translated as "never" or "by no means." It can also function as a conjunction meaning "nor" or "neither," connecting two negative clauses or ideas.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou) and the particle δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'. It emphasizes the negation.

G0868

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pos-TEE-nai

Translations: to depart, to withdraw, to fall away, to revolt, to stand off, to keep away

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi), which is a compound word formed from ἀπό (apo, meaning 'from' or 'away from') and ἵστημι (histēmi, meaning 'to stand'). It generally means 'to stand away from' or 'to depart from'. It can be used in various contexts to describe physical departure, but also a moral or spiritual falling away, rebellion, or apostasy from a person, a law, or a belief. For example, it can mean to withdraw from someone, to revolt against authority, or to abandon one's faith.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: The verb ἀφίστημι is formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'. Its etymology reflects the core meaning of 'standing away from' something.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G0979

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bee-AH-yoss

Translations: violent, forceful, strong, impetuous, vehement

Notes: This word describes something characterized by force, violence, or impetuosity. It is used to describe actions, events, or even people that are powerful, intense, or done with great energy, often implying a lack of restraint or a sudden, overwhelming nature. For example, it can describe a violent wind, a forceful river, or an impetuous person.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (base form). This adjective inflects for all genders, numbers, and cases.

Synonyms: ΒΙΑΣΤΗΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΣΦΟΔΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΒΙΑΙΟΣ (biaios) is derived from the noun βία (bia), meaning 'force, violence, power'. It describes something pertaining to or characterized by force.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G5016

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: tah-rah-KHO-dees

Translations: troublesome, turbulent, disturbing, agitated, a troublesome, a turbulent

Notes: This word describes something that causes trouble, agitation, or disturbance. It refers to something that is full of disorder or commotion, or that has the quality of causing such states. It can be used to describe situations, people, or things that are disruptive.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΤΟΣ, ΘΟΡΥΒΩΔΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ΤΑΡΑΧΗ (tarachē), meaning 'trouble, disorder, confusion', combined with the suffix -ωδης (-ōdēs), which indicates 'full of' or 'resembling'.

G5225

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-PEER-khen

Translations: was, existed, there was, there existed, had, possessed

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'to be' or 'to exist', often implying a state of being or possession that continued over a period in the past. It can mean 'was', 'existed', or 'there was/existed'. It can also mean 'to have' or 'to possess', indicating what someone had or what was available to them. It describes a continuous or repeated action or state in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΗΝ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ

G4895

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-ay-go-ROO-oon

Translations: they were advocating, they were defending, they were pleading for

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ (AGOREUO), meaning 'to speak in the assembly' or 'to proclaim'. Therefore, it means to speak together with someone, or to speak on behalf of someone. It describes the action of advocating for, defending, or pleading on behalf of another person or cause, typically in a public or legal setting.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΕΩ, ΥΠΕΡΜΑΧΕΩ

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G1384

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: doh-kee-MOH-tah-tohn

Translations: of the most approved, of the most esteemed, of the most excellent, of the most tried, of the most trustworthy

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'dokimos', meaning 'approved' or 'esteemed'. In its superlative form, it means 'most approved' or 'most esteemed'. It is used to describe something or someone that has been thoroughly tested and found to be of the highest quality, trustworthy, or excellent. It often refers to people who are highly regarded or have a good reputation.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders, Superlative

Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΩΝ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΩΝ, ΕΥΔΟΚΙΜΩΝ

G494

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-tee-PAH-troo

Translations: (of) Antipater

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Antipater'. Antipater was a common name in the ancient world, notably borne by several historical figures, including the father of Herod the Great. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to 'Antipater's' or 'belonging to Antipater'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀντί (anti, "against, instead of") and πατήρ (patēr, "father"). It literally means "instead of the father" or "like the father."

G3903

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: par-as-ke-va-SAN-tos

Translations: of having prepared, of having provided, of having made ready, of having caused, of having produced

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παρασκευάζω', meaning 'to prepare', 'to provide', or 'to make ready'. As a genitive singular masculine/neuter participle, it describes the action of someone or something that has already completed the act of preparing or providing, often indicating the cause or origin of something. It can be translated as 'of him who prepared' or 'of that which prepared'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ

G1601

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-PEH-sain

Translations: to fall out, to fall away, to fail, to be cast out, to lose, to be deprived of

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'εκπίπτω'. It means to fall out, to be cast out, to fail, or to lose something. It describes an action of being removed from a position, failing in an endeavor, or being deprived of something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΑΠΟΠΙΠΤΩ, ΑΠΟΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word 'εκπίπτω' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'εκ' (out of, from) and the verb 'πίπτω' (to fall).

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-noo

Translations: of that, of that one, of him, of it, that one's, his

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ', meaning 'that' or 'that one'. In the genitive case, it indicates possession or origin, translating to 'of that', 'of that one', 'of him', or 'of it'. It can refer to a person or thing previously mentioned or understood from context, distinguishing it from something closer or more immediate.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ' is derived from the demonstrative particle 'ἘΚΕῖ' (there), indicating distance. It points to something or someone far off or distinct from the speaker and listener.

G5449

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: FY-sin

Translations: nature, a nature, kind, a kind, birth, a birth, natural order, a natural order, natural disposition, a natural disposition

Notes: This word refers to the inherent character, constitution, or essential quality of something or someone. It can describe the natural order of things, the way something is born or comes into being, or the innate disposition of a person or animal. It is often used in contrast to things that are artificial, man-made, or contrary to the natural order.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΟΥΣΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΙΣ

G0674

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PRAK-ton

Translations: inactive, ineffective, useless, fruitless, without effect, an inactive thing, a useless thing

Notes: This word describes something that is inactive, ineffective, or useless. It refers to something that is not functioning or producing the desired result. It can be used to describe a person who is idle or a plan that has no impact.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΓΟΣ, ΑΝΕΝΕΡΓΗΤΟΣ, ΑΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix ἀ- (a-, 'not') and πρακτός (praktos, 'done, effective'), which comes from πράσσω (prassō, 'to do, to accomplish'). Thus, it literally means 'not done' or 'not effective'.

G1510

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: OO-san

Translations: being, existing, that is, that exists

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be'. As a participle, it describes something that is 'being' or 'existing' at the time of the action. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used substantively (as a noun). In this form, it is feminine, singular, and in the accusative case, meaning it would be the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, referring to a feminine noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle

Etymology: The verb ΕἸΜΙ (eimi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOOT

Translations: this, that, this one, that one, of this, of that, to this, to that

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun and adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific, either nearby or previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, referring to a person or thing. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the context, often emphasizing proximity or a specific reference.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G5401

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PHOH-boh

Translations: (to) fear, (to) dread, (to) reverence, (to) awe, fear, dread, reverence, awe, a fear, a dread

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun ΦΟΒΟΣ (phobos), meaning 'fear', 'dread', 'reverence', or 'awe'. In the dative case, it often indicates the means by which something is done, or the object to which the fear is directed. For example, it can be translated as 'by fear' or 'with fear', or 'to fear' when used with verbs that imply an object of fear or reverence. It can also denote the state of being in fear or awe.

Inflection: Dative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΣ, ΤΡΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΦΟΒΟΣ (phobos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to flee' or 'to be afraid'. It is related to verbs of fleeing and being put to flight.

G3179

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tas-TEE-nai

Translations: to remove, to transfer, to change, to depart, to turn away, to move, to displace

Notes: ΜΕΤΑΣΤΗΝΑΙ is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb μεθίστημι. It generally means to cause something or someone to change position, to remove them from one place to another, or to transfer them. It can also imply a change in state or condition, or for someone to depart or turn away from something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word μεθίστημι is a compound verb formed from the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'with, among, after, or indicating change', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand, to make to stand'. Thus, it literally means 'to stand among' or 'to cause to stand differently', leading to its meaning of changing position or transferring.

G318

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nang-KAYS

Translations: of necessity, of distress, of compulsion, of trouble, of constraint

Notes: This word refers to a state of necessity, compulsion, or distress. It can describe an unavoidable obligation or a difficult situation. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of necessity' or 'of distress', showing that something belongs to or arises from a state of necessity or trouble.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΛΙΨΕΩΣ, ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑΣ, ΠΙΕΣΕΩΣ

G5223

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pel-THAYN

Translations: to go under, to come under, to approach, to submit, to undergo, to endure

Notes: This word is the aorist infinitive form of the verb ὑπέρχομαι (hyperchomai), meaning 'to go under' or 'to come under'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'below', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Depending on the context, it can imply physical movement under something, or a more figurative sense of submitting to authority, undergoing an experience, or approaching someone or something.

Inflection: Aorist, Infinitive, Active

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΤΑΤΤΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G4377

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ah-go-REH-oo-sthai

Translations: to be called, to be named, to be addressed, to be saluted, to be proclaimed

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from 'πρός' (to, toward) and 'ἀγορεύω' (to speak, to proclaim). In its passive infinitive form, as seen here, it means 'to be called' or 'to be named'. It is used to indicate that someone or something is referred to by a particular name or title, or that they are addressed or saluted.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΙΣΘΑΙ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΕΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition 'πρός' (to, toward) and the verb 'ἀγορεύω' (to speak, to proclaim). 'Ἀγορεύω' is derived from 'ἀγορά' (agora), meaning 'assembly' or 'marketplace', referring to public speaking.

G3754

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-per

Translations: the very thing which, which, whatsoever, as, just as

Notes: ΟΠΕΡ is an intensive relative pronoun, meaning 'the very thing which' or 'whatsoever'. It is used to emphasize the preceding noun or idea, often functioning as a stronger form of 'which' or 'what'. It can introduce a clause that specifies or elaborates on something already mentioned, or it can indicate a cause or reason.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: Ο, ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ

Etymology: ΟΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'who, which, what', and the enclitic particle περ (per), which adds emphasis or intensity, often translated as 'just, even, indeed'.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KAH-lei

Translations: he was calling, she was calling, it was calling, he called, she called, it called, he was named, she was named, it was named

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to call' or 'to name'. It describes an action that was happening continuously in the past or an action that occurred in the past. It can be used to say that someone was calling out to someone else, or that someone was being called or named something.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΩΝΕΩ

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: so-vah-roh-TEH-roos

Translations: more serious, more grave, more dignified, more solemn, more weighty

Notes: This word is a comparative adjective, meaning 'more serious' or 'more dignified'. It describes something or someone as having a greater degree of seriousness, gravity, or solemnity compared to others. It is used to modify nouns and agrees with them in gender, number, and case.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine, Comparative

Synonyms: ΣΕΜΝΟΤΕΡΟΥΣ, ΒΑΡΥΤΕΡΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΟΒΑΡΟΣ (sobaros) is derived from the verb σοβέω (sobeō), meaning 'to scare away, to drive away, to move quickly'. Over time, it developed the sense of 'to be pompous, to be arrogant', and then 'to be serious, dignified'.

G0948

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eb-deh-LYT-ton-toh

Translations: they detested, they abhorred, they loathed

Notes: This word is a verb in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It means to detest, abhor, or loathe something or someone. It describes a strong feeling of disgust or aversion. For example, 'they were detesting' or 'they used to abhor'.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Middle or Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΜΙΣΕΩ, ἈΠΟΤΡΕΠΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΒΔΕΛΥΣΣΩ is derived from βδέλυγμα (bdelugma), meaning 'a detestable thing' or 'abomination'. It signifies a strong aversion or disgust.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: por-FY-ree-das

Translations: purple dye, purple garment, a purple garment

Notes: This word refers to a purple dye or a garment dyed with purple. In ancient times, purple dye was extremely valuable and often associated with royalty, wealth, and high status. Therefore, a 'porphyris' could signify a luxurious or regal piece of clothing. It is a compound word derived from 'πορφύρα' (porphyra), meaning 'purple' or 'purple dye', and a suffix indicating a thing related to or made of purple.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΡΦΥΡΑ, ΠΟΡΦΥΡΟΥΣ

G2889

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOS-mon

Translations: world, a world, universe, an universe, adornment, an adornment, order, an order

Notes: This word refers to the world, the universe, or the created order. It can also mean adornment, decoration, or arrangement. In the New Testament, it often refers to humanity or the sinful world system, but can also refer to the physical world. As an accusative noun, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ, ΑΙΩΝ

G5618

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G1349

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DEE-kane

Translations: justice, a justice, judgment, a judgment, penalty, a penalty, punishment, a punishment, vengeance, a vengeance

Notes: This word refers to the concept of justice, both in the sense of what is right and fair, and in the sense of a legal judgment or the penalty imposed as a result of such a judgment. It can also denote the act of vengeance or retribution. It is often used in contexts relating to divine or human legal proceedings and their outcomes.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΡΙΜΑ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑ, ΕΚΔΙΚΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΚΗ (dikē) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to the verb δείκνυμι (deiknymi), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out', suggesting an original sense of 'that which is shown to be right' or 'that which is established'.

G5257

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-feh-XON-tes

Translations: those who will undergo, those who will suffer, those who will submit to, those who will pay

Notes: This word is a future active participle, masculine plural, of the verb ὑπέχω (hypéchō). It means 'to undergo', 'to suffer', 'to submit to', or 'to pay'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that will perform the action of the verb. In this form, it refers to 'those who will undergo' or 'those who are about to suffer'.

Inflection: Future, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΝΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΑΣΧΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The verb ὑπέχω (hypéchō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypó), meaning 'under' or 'below', and the verb ἔχω (échō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. The combination suggests 'to hold oneself under' or 'to submit to'.

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G4029

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-EH-kin-toh

Translations: they were lying around, they were placed around, they were surrounding, they were wearing

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from περί (peri, around) and κεῖμαι (keimai, to lie, be laid). It means to lie around, to be placed around, or to surround. In some contexts, it can also mean to wear something, especially clothing or ornaments, as if they are 'lying around' the body. It describes a state of being situated or positioned in a surrounding manner.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΩ

G2607

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-GNOOS

Translations: condemning, having condemned, having judged against

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb καταγινώσκω. It means to condemn, to judge against, or to find guilty. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, leading to a present state or consequence. It is often used in contexts of legal or moral judgment, indicating a decision made against someone or something.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΙΚΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word καταγινώσκω is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb γινώσκω (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. Thus, it literally means 'to know against' or 'to perceive against', leading to the sense of condemning or judging unfavorably.

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G0649

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-PEM-psen

Translations: sent away, dismissed, divorced, sent back

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb πέμπω (pempo), meaning 'to send'. It signifies the action of sending someone or something away, dismissing them, or even divorcing a spouse. It can be used in various contexts where something is dispatched or removed from a place or relationship.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ἘΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΔΙΑΛΥΩ

G1256

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-lekh-THEYS

Translations: having spoken, having conversed, having discussed, having reasoned, having preached

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'διαλέγομαι' (dialegomai), meaning 'to converse' or 'to discuss'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It indicates that the subject has engaged in a conversation, discussion, or reasoned discourse.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΗΣΑΣ, ΕΙΠΩΝ, ΣΥΝΟΜΙΛΗΣΑΣ

Etymology: The word διαλέγομαι (dialegomai) is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and λέγομαι (legomai), the passive voice of λέγω (legō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak through' or 'to speak across', implying a back-and-forth conversation or discussion.

G2064

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: el-THOHN

Translations: having come, when he came, after coming, coming

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed before the main verb's action. It often functions adverbially, indicating the time or circumstance of the main action, such as 'when he came' or 'after he had come'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΗΚΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G1299

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-TAH-xayn

Translations: to arrange, to command, to appoint, to order, to give orders

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'diatassō'. It means to arrange, command, or appoint. It can be used to describe the act of setting things in order, giving instructions, or designating someone for a specific role or task.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and 'τάσσω' (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to put in order'. Thus, it conveys the idea of arranging or ordering thoroughly or in detail.

G1538

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: EK-as-tah

Translations: each, every, each one, every one, each thing, every thing

Notes: This word is a distributive adjective or pronoun meaning 'each' or 'every'. It is used to refer to individual items or persons within a group, emphasizing their distinctness. For example, it can mean 'each person' or 'each thing'. When used with a preposition like 'παρά' (pará), as seen in the examples, 'παρ' ἕκαστα' (par' hekasta) means 'in every respect' or 'continually' or 'on every occasion'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Etymology: The word ἕκαστος (hekastos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *se- meaning 'one' or 'apart'. It is an ancient Greek word used to denote individuality within a collective.

G1899

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-pei-DAN

Translations: when, whenever, after, since

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a temporal clause, meaning 'when' or 'whenever', indicating a point in time or a recurring event. It can also introduce a causal clause, meaning 'since' or 'because'. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπεί' (epei) meaning 'when, since' and 'ἄν' (an), a particle that often indicates potentiality or indefiniteness.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ὍΤΑΝ, ὍΤΕ, ἘΠΕΙ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΕΙΔΑΝ is a compound of the conjunction ἘΠΕΙ (epei), meaning 'when' or 'since', and the particle ἈΝ (an), which adds a sense of indefiniteness or potentiality to the clause it introduces.

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-ton

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G5099

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TEH-ohs

Translations: meanwhile, for a while, until, as long as, up to this time, hitherto

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a duration of time, meaning 'for a while,' 'meanwhile,' or 'up to this time.' It can also function as a conjunction meaning 'until' or 'as long as,' often implying a temporary state or action that continues until a certain point.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΜΕΧΡΙ

Etymology: From an assumed base related to the demonstrative pronoun 'τοῖος' (toios), meaning 'such, so great,' indicating a temporal extent.

G0071

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-GEIN

Translations: to lead, to bring, to carry, to go, to observe, to celebrate

Notes: This verb has a broad range of meanings, primarily related to movement. It can mean to lead or bring someone or something, to carry, or simply to go. In a more abstract sense, it can also refer to observing or celebrating a festival or a period of time. Its usage depends heavily on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΛΚΩ, ΑΠΑΓΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to drive, pull, move'.

G2323

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: theh-rah-PEH-oon

Translations: healing, serving, worshipping, attending to, caring for, one who heals, one who serves

Notes: This word is a present active participle, indicating an ongoing action. It means to heal, to serve, to worship, or to attend to someone or something. It describes the person or thing performing the action of healing, serving, or caring. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the one healing' or 'he who serves'.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΙΑΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ

G0868

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pos-TAY-see

Translations: depart, withdraw, stand away, fall away, revolt, remove, abandon, turn away, keep away, cause to revolt

Notes: This word describes the act of departing, withdrawing, or standing away from something or someone. It can also imply a more severe separation, such as falling away from faith, revolting, or abandoning a cause. It is often used in contexts where someone is urged not to remove or withhold something, like mercy or kindness.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Active Subjunctive or Aorist Active Imperative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΚΚΛΙΝΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, 'from, away from') and ἵστημι (hístēmi, 'to stand'). It literally means 'to stand away from'.

G1228, G2808

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-KLEIS-thay-ee

Translations: may it be shut up, may it be closed off, may it be blocked, it might be shut up, it might be closed off, it might be blocked

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb κλείω (kleiō), meaning 'to shut' or 'to close'. The combined meaning is 'to shut up completely', 'to close off', or 'to block'. This form indicates a potential or desired action in the passive voice, meaning something might be shut up or closed off by an external agent. It is used to express a wish or a hypothetical situation.

Inflection: Aorist, Optative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΙΩ, ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΩ

G5177

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-TOO-khen

Translations: he happened, it happened, he obtained, it obtained, he received, it received, he met, it met

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative third person singular form of the verb 'τυγχάνω' (tynchanō). It means 'he/she/it happened' or 'he/she/it obtained/received/met'. It is often used to describe an event that occurred by chance or to indicate that someone came into possession of something or encountered someone/something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-non

Translations: having become, having happened, having been, having been born, that which has come into being, a thing that has happened

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become' or 'to happen'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred. It can function as an adjective, describing a noun, or as a noun itself, referring to 'that which has come into being' or 'a thing that has happened'. It implies a state of being or an event that has taken place.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ

G0331

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-MEH-nahs

Translations: having waited, having remained, waiting for, having delayed

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb μένω (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to wait'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, functioning like an adjective or adverb. It typically means 'having waited for' or 'having remained for', indicating a past action of waiting or enduring.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ

Etymology: The verb ἀναμένω is formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb μένω (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to wait'.

G1256

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-LEKH-thay

Translations: he discussed, she discussed, it discussed, he disputed, she disputed, it disputed, he reasoned, she reasoned, it reasoned, he preached, she preached, it preached

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from διά (dia, meaning 'through' or 'apart') and λέγομαι (legomai, meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'). It means to discuss, dispute, reason, or preach, often implying a thorough or interactive exchange of words. It is used to describe someone engaging in a conversation, argument, or teaching session.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΣΥΖΗΤΕΩ, ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G0521

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-PAI-ren

Translations: he took away, he carried away, he departed, he removed, he lifted up

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'apairō'. It means 'he took away', 'he carried away', 'he departed', or 'he removed'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, often implying a movement away from a place or a removal of something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΩ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, "from, away from") and αἴρω (airō, "I lift, I take up").

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G3479

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: nah-bah-TAI-oos

Translations: Nabataeans

Notes: This word refers to the Nabataeans, an ancient Arab people who inhabited northern Arabia and the southern Levant. They were known for their impressive rock-cut architecture, particularly in Petra, and their control over trade routes. In the provided context, the word is used to refer to these people as a group.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name "Nabataios" is derived from the Aramaic name for the Nabataeans, which itself is of uncertain Semitic origin. It refers to the inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Nabataea.

G1154

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: dah-mas-KOO

Translations: of Damascus

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Damascus', referring to the ancient city in Syria. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to saying 'of Damascus' or 'Damascus'' in English. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the king of Damascus' or 'the people of Damascus'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Damascus' is of ancient Semitic origin, possibly meaning 'well-watered place'. It has been continuously inhabited for millennia and is one of the oldest cities in the world.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-pee-koo-ree-KAH

Translations: auxiliary, helpful, assisting, allied, mercenary

Notes: This word describes something that provides aid, help, or support. It can refer to troops or forces that are brought in to assist, often implying mercenary or allied forces. It is used here in the neuter plural form, likely referring to 'things' or 'matters' that are auxiliary or helpful.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΟΣ, ΣΥΜΜΑΧΟΣ

Etymology: Derived from the Greek word ἐπίκουρος (epikouros), meaning 'helper' or 'ally', which itself comes from ἐπί (epi, 'upon, in addition') and κούρος (kouros, 'boy, young man', often implying a servant or helper).

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G5225

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-PAR-kho-sin

Translations: they are, they exist, they possess, they have, they belong, they are present

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be', 'to exist', or 'to be present'. It can also mean 'to possess' or 'to have', indicating a state of being or ownership. It is often used to describe something that truly is or genuinely exists, or to denote a pre-existing condition or state.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΧΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupo, “under”) + ἄρχω (archō, “to begin, to rule”). The combination suggests 'to begin under' or 'to be originally'.

G5010

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TAG-ma-sin

Translations: to order, for order, by order, with order, to an order, for an order, by an order, with an order, to arrangement, for arrangement, by arrangement, with arrangement, to a division, for a division, by a division, with a division

Notes: This word refers to an arrangement, an order, or a division, often in a military or administrative sense. It can denote a fixed position, a rank, or a sequence. As a dative plural, it indicates the indirect object or means, meaning 'to/for/by/with orders' or 'to/for/by/with arrangements'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΔΙΑΤΑΓΜΑ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΓΜΑ

G3863

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-MEI-psa-me-nos

Translations: having passed by, having gone past, having exchanged, having changed

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having passed by' or 'having gone past'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past and has continuing relevance. It can also mean 'having exchanged' or 'having changed', implying a shift or alteration. It is often used to describe movement past a place or a change in state.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G4656

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: skoo-thoh-PO-lin

Translations: Scythopolis

Notes: Scythopolis was an ancient city in the Decapolis region, located in what is now northern Israel. It was originally known as Beth Shean. The name 'Scythopolis' means 'City of the Scythians,' suggesting a historical connection to Scythian mercenaries or settlers. It is a compound word formed from 'Σκύθης' (Scythian) and 'πόλις' (city).

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Scythopolis' is derived from the Greek words 'Σκύθης' (Skúthēs), meaning 'Scythian,' and 'πόλις' (pólis), meaning 'city.' It refers to the city formerly known as Beth Shean, which was renamed during the Hellenistic period, possibly due to the settlement of Scythian mercenaries there.

G3748

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: HEE-tis

Translations: who, which, whoever, whichever, whatever

Notes: ΗΤΙΣ is a relative pronoun, used to introduce a clause that describes a preceding noun. It is a compound word formed from the definite article and the indefinite pronoun. It functions similarly to 'who' or 'which' in English, often providing additional information about a person or thing. It is used in a descriptive sense, often emphasizing the quality or characteristic of the antecedent.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the feminine definite article 'ἡ' (he) and the indefinite pronoun 'τις' (tis). It developed in Koine Greek to provide a more emphatic or descriptive relative pronoun than the simple 'ὅς' (hos).

G0746

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-KHEE

Translations: beginning, a beginning, rule, a rule, ruler, a ruler, first, origin, a first, a ruler, dominion, a dominion, principality, a principality

Notes: This word refers to the beginning of something, the first in a series, or the origin. It can also denote a position of authority, rule, or dominion, and by extension, the person holding such authority (a ruler or magistrate). It is used to describe the starting point of time, a sequence, or a source of power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΡΧΗ, ΚΕΦΑΛΗ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ergʰ-, meaning 'to begin, rule'. It is related to words signifying 'first' or 'chief'.

G1330

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-eks-ee-ON-tee

Translations: to one passing through, for one passing through, to one going through, for one going through, to one traversing, for one traversing

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'passing through' or 'going through'. It is a compound word formed from διά (dia, 'through'), ἐξ (ex, 'out of'), and ἔρχομαι (erchomai, 'to come, to go'). It describes the action of someone or something moving through or traversing a place. In this dative form, it indicates the recipient or beneficiary of an action, or the person to whom something applies, often translated as 'to one who is passing through' or 'for one who is going through'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΙ, ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΩ

G3319

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: meh-soh-GEY-on

Translations: inland, interior, middle land, a middle land, a land in the middle

Notes: This word refers to land that is away from the coast, or the interior of a country or region. It can be used as a noun to denote such a region, or as an adjective to describe something as being 'inland' or 'middle-land'. It is often used in geographical descriptions.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter

Etymology: The word ΜΕΣΟΓΕΙΟΝ is a compound word derived from μέσος (MESOS), meaning 'middle' or 'midst', and γῆ (GE), meaning 'earth' or 'land'. Thus, it literally means 'middle land' or 'land in the middle'.

G1759

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: en-TOW-tha

Translations: here, there, in this place, in that place

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating location, meaning 'here' or 'there'. It refers to a specific place or point in time, often emphasizing the immediate vicinity or the current situation. It can be used to mean 'at this point' or 'at that point' in a narrative.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ὩΔΕ, ἘΚΕΙ, ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ͂

Etymology: From the Greek preposition 'ἐν' (en, 'in') and the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos, 'this'). It literally means 'in this very place'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G4020

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: peh-ree-KAL-les

Translations: very beautiful, exceedingly beautiful, most beautiful

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'very beautiful' or 'exceedingly beautiful'. It is formed from the prefix 'περί-' (peri-), meaning 'around' or 'exceedingly', and 'καλός' (kalos), meaning 'beautiful' or 'good'. It describes something that possesses an exceptional degree of beauty or excellence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΩΡΑΙΟΣ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΗΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix περί- (peri-), meaning 'around, exceedingly', and καλός (kalos), meaning 'beautiful, good'. The root καλός is from Proto-Indo-European, referring to something good or beautiful.

G2042

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EH-roo-mah

Translations: fortress, a fortress, stronghold, a stronghold, defense, a defense, protection, a protection

Notes: This word refers to a fortified place, a stronghold, or a defense. It can also denote protection or a barrier. It is used to describe physical structures that offer security or a means of defense against attack.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΧΥΡΩΜΑ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἐρύω (eryō), meaning 'to draw, to pull, to protect, to guard'. The noun form refers to that which is drawn around for protection or defense.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G206

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-KROO

Translations: of the end, of the top, of the extremity, of the highest point, of the tip, of the summit, an end, a top, an extremity, a highest point, a tip, a summit

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ἈΚΡΟΣ', meaning 'end', 'top', or 'extremity'. It is often used in phrases like 'from the end of the earth' or 'to the very top'. It refers to the outermost or highest point of something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΟΣ, ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΚΟΡΥΦΗ

Etymology: The word 'ἈΚΡΟΣ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'sharp' or 'pointed'. It refers to the highest or outermost point.

G3735

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-ROOS

Translations: (of) mountain, (of) a mountain, (of) hill, (of) a hill

Notes: ὈΡΟΥΣ is the genitive singular form of the Koine Greek noun ὈΡΟΣ, which means 'mountain' or 'hill'. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession, origin, or separation, often translated as 'of a mountain' or 'from a mountain'. It can refer to a literal elevated landmass or be used metaphorically.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly pre-Greek. It refers to a natural elevation of the earth's surface.

G2475

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: ee-DROO-meh-non

Translations: having been founded, established, settled, a founded thing, an established thing

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'to found' or 'to establish'. It describes something that has been set up, established, or founded in a permanent way. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to the thing that has been founded or established.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΙΔΡΥΩ, ΘΕΜΕΛΙΟΩ

Etymology: The word ἱδρύω (hidryō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *sed- meaning 'to sit'. It evolved to mean 'to cause to sit', and then 'to set up', 'to establish', or 'to found'.

G3992

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: PEM-psas

Translations: having sent, one who sent, he who sent, when he had sent

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'πέμπω' (pempō), meaning 'to send'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that occurred prior to the main verb. It can be translated as 'having sent' or 'one who sent', indicating the person or thing that performed the action of sending.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G3867

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-ee-NOON-ton

Translations: of exhorting, of advising, of admonishing, of encouraging, of urging, of counseling

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'parainō', meaning to exhort, advise, admonish, or encourage. It describes someone who is in the act of giving counsel or urging action. As a genitive plural participle, it typically functions to describe the action of 'those who are exhorting' or 'of those who are advising'.

Inflection: Participle, Present, Active, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΝΟΥΘΕΤΕΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek παραίνω (parainō), which is formed from παρά (para, "beside, by") and αἰνέω (ainéō, "to praise, approve, recommend"). The combination suggests a meaning of giving advice or counsel alongside someone.

G4514

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: roh-MAI-oys

Translations: (to) Romans, (to) the Romans

Notes: This word refers to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used to indicate a group of people who are Romans, often in the context of their nationality or political affiliation. In this inflected form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to the Romans' or 'for the Romans'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ρώμη (Rhōmē), meaning 'Rome', referring to the city and empire. The suffix -αιος (-aios) is used to form adjectives or nouns denoting origin or belonging.

G2692

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-TEY-sin

Translations: go down, descend, come down, return

Notes: This word means to go down, descend, or come down from a higher place to a lower one. It can also imply returning to a place, especially if that place is considered 'down' from the current location. It is often used to describe movement from a city to the coast, or from a mountain to a plain.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΕΙΜΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΕΙΜΙ (EIMI), meaning 'to go' or 'to come'.

G1344

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dee-kah-ee-oh-loh-gee-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having justified oneself, having pleaded one's cause, having defended oneself, having vindicated oneself

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'δίκαιος' (dikaios, meaning 'righteous' or 'just') and 'λόγος' (logos, meaning 'word' or 'reason'). It describes the act of justifying oneself, pleading one's case, or defending one's actions or position. It implies presenting a reasoned argument to show oneself to be in the right or to be innocent.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΟΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΛΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΚΑΙΟΛΟΓΕΩ is a compound of ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ (dikaios, 'righteous, just') and ΛΟΓΟΣ (logos, 'word, reason'). It literally means 'to speak justly' or 'to reason justly'.

G80

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FON

Translations: brother, a brother, fellowman, countryman, kinsman

Notes: This word refers to a brother by birth, but it can also be used more broadly to refer to a fellow countryman, a kinsman, or a spiritual brother (such as a fellow believer in a religious community). It is often used in the New Testament to address members of the Christian community. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition when in the accusative case.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΟΜΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΔΕΛΦΟΣ is a compound word derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G0001

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-KRO-po-lin

Translations: acropolis, a citadel, a fortress

Notes: This word refers to the highest and most fortified part of an ancient Greek city, often built on a hill. It served as a defensive stronghold and often contained important temples and public buildings. It is a compound word formed from 'ἄκρος' (akros), meaning 'highest' or 'uppermost', and 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΚΡΑ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ, ΠΟΛΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΚΡΟΠΟΛΙΣ' is a compound of two Greek words: 'ἄκρος' (akros), meaning 'highest' or 'uppermost', and 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city'. It literally translates to 'highest city' or 'city on the edge'.

G0305

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-na-BAH-ee-nay

Translations: goes up, ascends, comes up, climbs, rises

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἀνά' (ana), meaning 'up' or 'upwards', and the verb 'βαίνω' (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Therefore, it literally means 'to go up' or 'to step up'. It is used to describe movement upwards, such as ascending a mountain, going up to a city, or rising from the dead. It can also refer to things that grow or spring up, like plants.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

G4784

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soong-khoh-RAY-san-toss

Translations: of having agreed, of having granted, of having permitted, of having allowed, of having pardoned

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'sygchōreō', meaning to agree with, grant, permit, or pardon. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In this genitive form, it often indicates the agent or cause of an action, similar to saying 'with the agreement of' or 'after someone has granted'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΡΕΠΩ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

G1538

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-KAS-ton

Translations: each, every, each one, every one, each thing, every thing

Notes: This word means 'each' or 'every', referring to individual items or persons within a group. It is used to emphasize the distinctness of each member. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a pronoun standing in for 'each one' or 'each thing'.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΚΑΣΤΟΣ, ΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word comes from an intensive form of the demonstrative pronoun 'he' or 'that', emphasizing individuality.

G5219

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pah-koo-EIN

Translations: to obey, to listen, to hearken, to give ear, to submit

Notes: This word means to obey, to listen attentively, or to submit to someone or something. It implies a willingness to hear and act upon what is heard, often in the context of authority or instruction. It can be used to describe someone who follows commands or pays close attention to a message.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΕΠΗΚΟΟΣ, ΥΠΟΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under', and the verb ἀκούω (akouō), meaning 'to hear'. Thus, it literally means 'to hear under' or 'to listen from below', implying submission or obedience.

G5271

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-po-kree-NO-meh-nos

Translations: hypocritical, pretending, acting, a pretender, one who pretends

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'hypokrinomai', meaning to act, pretend, or play a part. It often carries the connotation of hypocrisy, suggesting someone who feigns a character or belief that they do not truly possess. It describes someone who is being hypocritical or is engaged in pretense.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΟΙΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΛΗΠΤΗΣ

G0395

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-khoh-ROHN

Translations: withdrawing, departing, going away, retiring

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'withdrawing' or 'departing'. It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. It is used to indicate someone who is in the process of moving away from a place or situation, often to a more secluded or private location. For example, it could describe someone 'going away' from a crowd or 'retiring' to a quiet place.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΧΩΡΕΩ, ΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to make room, go, come'. Thus, it literally means 'to go back' or 'to make room by going back'.

G2647

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-LOO-eh-in

Translations: to destroy, to abolish, to overthrow, to pull down, to lodge, to stay, to unyoke, to dissolve, to put an end to

Notes: This word means to destroy, abolish, or overthrow, often implying a complete undoing or dissolution of something. It can also mean to unyoke, as in unhitching animals, or to lodge/stay, referring to finding a place to rest or stay overnight. In a broader sense, it signifies bringing something to an end or causing it to cease to exist.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΩ, ΛΥΩ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G3903

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pah-rah-skeh-vah-ZOH-meh-nos

Translations: preparing, making ready, getting ready, providing, equipping

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'παρασκευάζω'. It describes an action of preparing oneself or something for a specific purpose, or being prepared. It can indicate an ongoing state of readiness or the process of becoming ready. For example, it could be used to say 'he preparing himself' or 'being prepared'.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ

G4025

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-ris-TEE-see

Translations: circumstance, a circumstance, situation, a situation, condition, a condition, state, a state

Notes: This word refers to a surrounding condition or state of affairs. It describes the context or environment in which something occurs, often implying a specific set of facts or events that influence a situation. It is a compound word formed from 'peri' (around) and 'histemi' (to stand).

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΙΣ, ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ, ΠΕΡΙΣΤΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'. It literally means 'that which stands around'.

G2753

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: keh-LEH-on-tos

Translations: of commanding, of ordering, of bidding, of urging, of enjoining

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κελεύω', meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. It describes someone who is in the act of commanding or giving an order. In this genitive form, it often indicates the source or agent of the command, functioning similarly to 'of the one commanding' or 'by the one who commands'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΣΩ, ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ

G3860

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-DI-do-nai

Translations: to hand over, to deliver, to betray, to commit, to entrust, to give up, to transmit

Notes: This word means to hand over, deliver, or transmit something or someone. It can be used in various contexts, such as handing over a person to authorities, delivering goods, or transmitting traditions or teachings. It can also carry the negative connotation of betraying someone or surrendering something.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΓΧΕΙΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΑΡΑ (para), meaning 'beside, by, along', and the verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ (didomi), meaning 'to give'. Thus, it literally means 'to give alongside' or 'to give over'.

G5433

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: phroo-RAR-khoys

Translations: to guard commanders, for guard commanders, by guard commanders, with guard commanders, at guard commanders, in guard commanders

Notes: This word refers to military commanders or officers in charge of a guard, garrison, or fortress. It is a compound word formed from "φρουρά" (phroura), meaning "a guard" or "a garrison," and "ἄρχος" (archos), meaning "a chief" or "a commander." It is used to denote those who hold authority over a defensive force or post.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΙ, ΗΓΕΜΟΝΕΣ

G1989

Part of Speech: Infinitive Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-STEL-line

Translations: to send a message, to write a letter, to command, to instruct

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (upon, to) and the verb 'στέλλω' (to send, to dispatch). It means to send a message or a letter to someone, often implying a command or instruction given through writing. It can be used in contexts where someone is giving orders or communicating important information in written form.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΕΙΝ, ΠΕΜΠΕΙΝ, ΚΕΛΕΥΕΙΝ

Etymology: The verb ΕΠΙΣΤΕΛΛΩ is formed from the prefix ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb στέλλω (stellō), meaning 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. The combination conveys the idea of sending something directed towards a specific recipient or purpose, particularly in written form.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOO

Translations: (of) himself, (of) herself, (of) itself, (of) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the one performing it. For example, 'he washed himself'. It is a compound word formed from the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos) and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou).

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter. It can also be used for Feminine or Plural contexts, though the specific form 'ΕΑΥΤΟΥ' is genitive singular masculine/neuter.

Etymology: From the combination of the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self') and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou, 'of self').

G3858

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-DE-khes-thai

Translations: to receive, to accept, to admit, to approve, to welcome

Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'paradéchomai'. It means to receive something, often with a sense of acceptance, approval, or welcome. It can be used in contexts where one takes something into possession, or agrees to something, or admits someone into a place or group.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of 'para' (παρά), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and 'dechomai' (δέχομαι), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'.

G0550

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PEI-ray-toh

Translations: untried, unattempted, unexperienced, unpracticed, unskillful, unacquainted

Notes: This word describes something that has not been tried, experienced, or attempted. It can also refer to someone who is unskillful or unacquainted with something. It is used to qualify a noun, indicating a lack of experience or a state of being untested.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΙΡΟΣ, ΑΔΟΚΙΜΟΣ

Etymology: From ἀ- (a-, 'not') and πειράω (peiraō, 'to try, attempt'). It literally means 'not tried' or 'untried'.

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PEY-theh-tai

Translations: he is persuaded, he obeys, he trusts, he yields, he submits

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to be persuaded, to obey, or to trust. It describes the action of someone being convinced by another, or of submitting to authority or advice. It can also imply a sense of reliance or confidence in someone or something. It is often used in contexts where one person is influenced by or complies with another.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΕΙΚΩ

G0429

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: doo-san-as-KHEH-tohn

Translations: being greatly displeased, being indignant, being annoyed, being vexed, being unable to bear

Notes: This word is a compound participle formed from the prefix 'δυσ-' (dys-), meaning 'badly, ill, difficult', and the verb 'ἀνασχέω' (anascheō), meaning 'to endure' or 'to bear up'. Therefore, 'δυσανσχέτων' means 'being unable to bear' or 'being greatly displeased/indignant'. It describes someone who is finding a situation difficult to tolerate or is reacting with strong disapproval or annoyance.

Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine or Neuter, Genitive, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΝΑΚΤΩΝ, ΔΥΣΦΟΡΩΝ

G0402

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-ekh-OH-ray-sen

Translations: withdrew, departed, went away, retired, returned

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to make room, go, proceed'. Together, it means to withdraw, depart, or go back from a place or person. It is often used to describe someone leaving a location, either to retreat, to go to a private place, or simply to move away.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΧΩΡΕΩ, ὙΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναχωρέω is a compound of ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to make room, go, proceed'. The root χωρέω comes from χῶρος (chōros), meaning 'space' or 'place'.

G2414

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-roh-SO-loo-mah

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word refers to Jerusalem, the capital city of ancient Judea and a significant religious center for Jews and Christians. It is often used in the context of travel to or from the city, or events that took place within it.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive (indeclinable in some contexts), Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely derived from 'Urusalim', meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It has been known by various names throughout history.

G3904

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-ra-ske-OO-ay

Translations: preparation, a preparation, equipment, provision, Friday

Notes: This word refers to the act of preparing or making ready for something. It can also denote the things that are prepared, such as equipment or provisions. In a specific religious context, it refers to the day of preparation for the Sabbath, which is Friday.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΣΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb παρασκευάζω (paraskeuazō), meaning 'to prepare' or 'to get ready'. It is formed from παρά (para, 'beside, alongside') and σκευάζω (skeuazō, 'to prepare, to equip').

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GHEE-neh-toh

Translations: was happening, was becoming, was done, came to pass, occurred

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect indicative middle/passive form of the verb γίνομαι (ginomai). It describes an action that was ongoing, repeated, or in progress in the past. It can mean 'it was happening,' 'it was becoming,' 'it was done,' or 'it came to pass,' depending on the context. It emphasizes the process or state of something coming into being or occurring over a period of time.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G0071

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-GON-tee

Translations: leading, bringing, carrying, guiding, a leading, a bringing, a carrying, a guiding

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'leading,' 'bringing,' 'carrying,' or 'guiding.' It describes an action that is ongoing or happening at the same time as the main verb. It can function like an adjective, modifying a noun, or like an adverb, describing how an action is performed. When used with a dative case, it often indicates 'to the one leading' or 'for the one bringing.'

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΛΚΩ, ΑΠΑΓΩ

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G0864

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-fee-KO-meh-noy

Translations: having arrived, when they arrived, those who arrived, arriving

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἀφικνέομαι', meaning 'to arrive' or 'to come to'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed or is occurring in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It often functions adverbially, indicating time ('when they arrived') or cause, or adjectivally, describing the subject ('those who arrived').

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ

G4177

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: PON-too

Translations: of Pontus, of the sea, of a sea

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΠΟΝΤΟΣ'. It can refer to the sea in general, or specifically to the Black Sea, which was historically known as Pontus. It can also refer to the region of Pontus, a historical area on the southern coast of the Black Sea in Asia Minor. As a genitive case, it typically indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΘΑΛΑΣΣΗΣ, ΠΕΛΑΓΟΥΣ

G3453

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-MAY-nyoo-on

Translations: they were reporting, they were disclosing, they were revealing, they were informing

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb μηνύω (menyo). It means 'to report,' 'to disclose,' 'to reveal,' or 'to inform.' The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or an action that was attempted. So, 'they were reporting' or 'they used to report' would be appropriate translations, depending on the context.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΦΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word μηνύω is of uncertain origin, possibly related to μῆνις (mēnis), meaning 'wrath' or 'anger,' or to μνάομαι (mnaomai), meaning 'to remember.' It has been used since ancient Greek times.