2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G0491

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-o-khoo

Translations: of Antiochus

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Antiochus, a common name among Hellenistic kings and other notable figures, particularly in the Seleucid Empire. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to saying 'of Antiochus' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From Ancient Greek Ἀντίοχος (Antíokhos), meaning 'resisting' or 'steadfast'. It is a compound name derived from ἀντί (antí, 'against, in front of') and ἔχω (ékhō, 'to have, to hold').

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G1807

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-strah-TEH-oo-sen

Translations: marched out, went on an expedition, went to war

Notes: This word describes the action of leading an army out, or going forth on a military expedition or campaign. It implies a movement of troops for the purpose of war or conquest. It is typically used in historical or military contexts to describe a king or general setting out with their forces.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix ἐκ- (ek-), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and στρατεύω (strateuō), meaning 'to make war' or 'to serve in the army'. The root στρατεύω comes from στρατός (stratos), meaning 'army' or 'encampment'.

G3633

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: OY-oh-MEH-nos

Translations: thinking, supposing, imagining, believing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to think' or 'to suppose'. It describes someone who is currently thinking, supposing, or imagining something. It is often used to indicate a person's belief or opinion about a situation.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ἩΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΟἼΟΜΑΙ (oiomai) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *oi- meaning 'to think' or 'to suppose'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OW-tas

Translations: them, themselves

Notes: This word is a pronoun meaning 'them' or 'themselves'. It is used to refer to a group of feminine nouns or persons in the accusative case, indicating that they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can function as a simple pronoun or as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the subjects themselves.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΦΑΣ, ΣΦΕΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient Greek pronoun that has been in use since classical times, referring to 'self' or 'same', and developing into a general third-person pronoun.

G3754

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-per

Translations: the very thing which, which, whatsoever, as, just as

Notes: ΟΠΕΡ is an intensive relative pronoun, meaning 'the very thing which' or 'whatsoever'. It is used to emphasize the preceding noun or idea, often functioning as a stronger form of 'which' or 'what'. It can introduce a clause that specifies or elaborates on something already mentioned, or it can indicate a cause or reason.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: Ο, ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ

Etymology: ΟΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'who, which, what', and the enclitic particle περ (per), which adds emphasis or intensity, often translated as 'just, even, indeed'.

G2048

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: eh-RAY-moos

Translations: desolate, deserted, solitary, lonely, wilderness, desert, a wilderness, a desert

Notes: This word describes something that is desolate, deserted, or solitary. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun, meaning 'desolate' or 'lonely'. It can also function as a noun itself, referring to a 'wilderness' or 'deserted place'. In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative plural, referring to 'desolate places' or 'deserts'.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΥΔΡΟΣ, ΕΡΗΜΙΑ, ΕΡΗΜΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΡΗΜΟΣ (erēmos) comes from a pre-Greek word, possibly related to the concept of being 'empty' or 'alone'.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G4506

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: RHOO-es-thai

Translations: to rescue, to deliver, to save, to protect

Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'ῥύομαι' (rhyomai). It means to draw or snatch to oneself, and by extension, to rescue, deliver, or preserve someone or something from danger, evil, or an undesirable situation. It implies an act of protection or liberation.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist or Present, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΣΩΖΩ, ΕΞΑΙΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ

Etymology: The word 'ῥύομαι' (rhyomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *srew- meaning 'to flow, to gush'. The sense of 'drawing' or 'snatching' may have developed from the idea of 'drawing water' or 'flowing towards'.

G1410

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: doo-NA-meh-nohn

Translations: of being able, of being powerful, of being strong, of being capable, of those who are able, of those who are powerful, of those who are strong, of those who are capable

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to be powerful'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that possesses the ability or power to do something. In this genitive plural form, it typically refers to 'of those who are able' or 'of those who are powerful'. It can be used to describe the capabilities or strength of a group of people or things.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΟΝΤΩΝ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΩΝ

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G5003

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: tah-lah-ee-poh-ree-THEH-see-sees

Translations: (of) having suffered hardship, (of) having been distressed, (of) having been afflicted, (of) having been miserable

Notes: This word is a compound word, formed from ΤΑΛΑΣ (talas), meaning 'wretched' or 'suffering', and ΠΩΡΟΣ (pōros), meaning 'callus' or 'hardship'. It is the genitive singular feminine form of the aorist passive participle of the verb 'talaipōreō'. It describes someone or something that has undergone or experienced hardship, distress, or affliction. It functions like an adjective, modifying a feminine noun in the genitive case.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΗΣΑΣ, ΘΛΙΒΕΙΣΗΣ, ΠΑΘΟΥΣΗΣ

G0138

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-len

Translations: he took, she took, it took, he chose, she chose, it chose, he captured, she captured, it captured

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'αἱρέω' (haireō), meaning 'to take', 'to choose', or 'to capture'. It describes a completed action in the past, performed by a single subject (he, she, or it). For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He took the book' or 'She chose the path'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G1899

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEY-tah

Translations: then, afterward, next, after that, thereupon

Notes: This word is a temporal adverb meaning 'then' or 'afterward'. It is used to indicate a sequence of events, showing that one action or state follows another in time. It can introduce the next step in a narrative or a logical progression.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΠΕΙ, ἘΠΕΙΔΗ, ἘΠΙΤΟ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, after') and the particle εἶτα (eita, 'then, next'). It signifies a temporal sequence, indicating what comes after something else.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G4139

Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-see-on

Translations: near, nearby, neighbor, a neighbor, one's neighbor

Notes: This word primarily functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'nearby', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used substantively as a noun, typically in the neuter singular, to refer to 'one's neighbor' or 'the person next to you'. When used as a noun, it often refers to a fellow human being, emphasizing a relationship of proximity or community.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); Neuter, Singular (when used substantively as a noun)

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

G0142

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: A-ree

Translations: he takes, she takes, it takes, he lifts, she lifts, it lifts, he carries, she carries, it carries, he removes, she removes, it removes

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to take, lift, carry, or remove. It is used to describe an action where something is picked up, carried away, or taken possession of. Its meaning can vary depending on the context, often implying either a physical act of lifting or a more abstract act of taking away or choosing.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΠΑΙΡΩ

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: gah-ri-ZEIN

Translations: Gerizim, Mount Gerizim

Notes: This word refers to Mount Gerizim, a sacred mountain in Samaria. It is often mentioned in historical and religious texts, particularly in the context of the Samaritans who consider it their holy place, in contrast to Jerusalem for the Jews. The phrase 'ἐν Γαριζειν' means 'in Gerizim' or 'on Mount Gerizim'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The name 'Gerizim' is of Hebrew origin, derived from the root 'garaz' meaning 'to cut off' or 'to divide'. It refers to the mountain's geographical features or its historical role as a place of division.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1085

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GEH-nos

Translations: race, kind, family, nation, offspring, stock, a race, a kind

Notes: This word refers to a group of people or things sharing a common origin, characteristic, or lineage. It can denote a family, a nation, a race, a species, or a type. It is often used to describe a lineage or descent, such as 'the race of Israel' or 'the family of David'. It can also refer to a general category or kind of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁- meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generation' in English.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G1503

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ee-KAS-then-tah

Translations: likened, compared, made like, things likened, those likened

Notes: This is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been likened' or 'having been compared'. It describes something that has been made similar or compared to something else. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can act substantively, meaning 'the one(s) having been likened'.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΙΩΘΕΝΤΑ, ΠΑΡΑΒΛΗΘΕΝΤΑ

Etymology: The word εἰκάζω (eikazō) comes from εἰκών (eikōn), meaning 'likeness' or 'image'. It is related to the idea of making something similar or comparing it to an image.

G2414

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-ro-so-LY-moys

Translations: (to) Jerusalem, (in) Jerusalem, (at) Jerusalem

Notes: This word refers to the city of Jerusalem, a significant city in ancient Israel and a central location in many biblical narratives. It is used here in the dative case, indicating location or direction, such as 'in Jerusalem' or 'to Jerusalem'.

Inflection: Dative, Plural

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'foundation of peace' or 'city of peace'. It is a compound word derived from 'yara' (to found, to lay a cornerstone) and 'shalom' (peace).

G2413, G2411

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-ROH

Translations: holy, sacred, temple, a temple, sacred place, a sacred place, (to) a temple, (to) a sacred place

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'holy' or 'sacred', or as a noun meaning 'temple' or 'sacred place'. When used as a noun, it refers to a sacred building or area, often specifically the Temple in Jerusalem. As an adjective, it describes something set apart for God or dedicated to religious purposes. In the provided form, it is in the dative case, indicating 'to' or 'for' a holy thing or place.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἱερός (hieros) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to sacrifice, to consecrate'. It is related to words signifying 'sacred' or 'holy' in various Indo-European languages.

G220

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-lek-SAN-dros

Translations: Alexander

Notes: This is a common Greek proper name, meaning 'defender of mankind' or 'protector of men'. It refers to various historical figures, most notably Alexander the Great, the king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. It is used as a subject in sentences, indicating the person performing an action.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Alexandros' is derived from the Greek verb ἀλέξω (alexō), meaning 'to ward off, to defend, to help', and ἀνήρ (anēr), meaning 'man' (genitive ἀνδρός, andros). Thus, it means 'defender of mankind'.

G2010

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-TREP-sen

Translations: he permitted, he allowed, he gave permission, he entrusted

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to permit,' 'to allow,' or 'to give permission.' It can also mean 'to entrust' or 'to commit something to someone.' It is often used to describe an action where authority or consent is given for something to happen. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἘΠΙ' (upon, over) and the verb 'ΤΡΕΠΩ' (to turn).

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative Active

Synonyms: ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ἘΑΩ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: SAH-nah-BAL-leh-tay

Translations: Sanballat

Notes: This word refers to Sanballat, a prominent figure mentioned in the Old Testament, particularly in the Book of Nehemiah. He was a Samaritan leader and an opponent of Nehemiah's efforts to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem. The name is of foreign origin, likely Babylonian or Persian, and was transliterated into Greek.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative

Etymology: The name Sanballat is of foreign origin, likely Babylonian or Persian, and its exact meaning is debated, though it may relate to the moon god Sin. It was transliterated into Hebrew and then into Greek.

G4755

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-tay-GOH

Translations: (to) a general, (to) a commander, (to) a governor, (to) a magistrate, (to) a chief captain

Notes: This word refers to a military commander, a general, or a civil magistrate or governor. It is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. In a military context, it denotes a leader of an army; in a civil context, it refers to an official with administrative and judicial authority.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΔΗΜΑΡΧΟΣ

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G1067

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAM-bron

Translations: son-in-law, a son-in-law, brother-in-law, a brother-in-law

Notes: This word refers to a male relative by marriage, specifically a son-in-law or a brother-in-law. It is used to describe the relationship of a man to his spouse's family or his sibling's spouse. In the provided examples, it refers to Moses' father-in-law, Jethro, who is described as his 'son-in-law' in the Septuagint, which is a common usage for this term in ancient Greek to denote a male relative by marriage, often a father-in-law or brother-in-law, rather than strictly a son-in-law as in modern English.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-REH-ohs

Translations: (of) high priest, (of) chief priest

Notes: This is a compound noun, meaning 'high priest' or 'chief priest'. It refers to the principal priest, often the head of the priestly order, who held significant religious and sometimes political authority. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'belonging to the high priest' or 'from the high priest'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΕΥΣ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἀρχιερεύς (archiereus) is a compound of ἀρχι- (archi-), meaning 'chief' or 'first', and ἱερεύς (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It literally means 'chief priest'.

G80

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FON

Translations: brother, a brother, fellowman, countryman, kinsman

Notes: This word refers to a brother by birth, but it can also be used more broadly to refer to a fellow countryman, a kinsman, or a spiritual brother (such as a fellow believer in a religious community). It is often used in the New Testament to address members of the Christian community. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition when in the accusative case.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΟΜΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΔΕΛΦΟΣ is a compound word derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G4387

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G1213

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: deh-dee-LOH-kah-men

Translations: we have shown, we have declared, we have made clear, we have made known

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to show', 'to declare', 'to make clear', or 'to make known'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It is used to state that a group of people (we) have already revealed or explained something.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Perfect Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΔΕΙΓΝΥΜΙ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word δηλόω (dēloō) comes from the adjective δῆλος (dēlos), meaning 'visible' or 'clear'.

G4845

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-BEH

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it occurred, it befell

Notes: This is an impersonal verb form meaning 'it happened' or 'it occurred'. It describes an event or circumstance that took place, often used to introduce a consequence or a development in a narrative. It is typically used in the third person singular.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word συμβαίνω (symbainō) is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Thus, it literally means 'to go together' or 'to come together', which evolved into the meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai

Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G0537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PAN-tas

Translations: all, every, the whole, everyone

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate the entirety of a group or quantity. In this form, it is the masculine or feminine accusative plural, meaning it refers to 'all' or 'everyone' as the direct object of a verb, or after a preposition that takes the accusative case.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἅπας (hapas) is a compound word formed from the prefix ἁ- (ha-), meaning 'together' or 'one and the same', and πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It emphasizes the totality or completeness of something.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G2480

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-doo-MAI-oos

Translations: Idumaeans, the Idumaeans

Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of Idumaea, a region south of Judea. They were descendants of Esau and were often in conflict with the Israelites. In the context of the provided usage, it refers to a group of people who were called upon or known for their tumultuous and disorderly nature.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The word is derived from the Hebrew word 'Edom' (אֱדוֹם), which means 'red' and refers to Esau, the ancestor of the Edomites/Idumaeans. The region of Idumaea was historically known as Edom.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-ee-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having made, having done, having produced, having performed, having created, having appointed, having caused

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In this form, it indicates an action performed by the subject for themselves or in their own interest (middle voice). It can be translated as 'having made' or 'having done', often implying the completion of an action that leads to a subsequent event.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G4061

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-TEM-noyn-toh

Translations: to be circumcised, to circumcise

Notes: This verb means 'to circumcise' or 'to be circumcised'. It is a compound word formed from 'περί' (peri), meaning 'around', and 'τέμνω' (temnō), meaning 'to cut'. In its passive voice, as seen here, it means 'to be circumcised'. It is often used in a religious or cultural context.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Optative, Middle/Passive Voice, Present Tense

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΜΝΩ, ΑΠΟΤΕΜΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'περιτέμνω' is a compound verb derived from the preposition 'περί' (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb 'τέμνω' (temnō), meaning 'to cut'. The combination literally means 'to cut around'.

G0127

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ai-DOI-ah

Translations: private parts, genitals, shameful parts

Notes: This word refers to the private or shameful parts of the body, specifically the genitals. It is a plural form, indicating multiple such parts or a general reference to them. It is often used in a context that implies modesty or a sense of shame associated with these body parts.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑἸΔΩΣ, ΑἸΣΧΥΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΑἸΔΟΙΟΝ (aidoion) is derived from the Greek word αἰδώς (aidōs), meaning 'shame', 'modesty', or 'reverence'. It literally means 'that which causes shame or modesty', referring to the parts of the body that are considered private and should be covered.

G5530

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHRAY-sas-thai

Translations: to use, to employ, to make use of, to consult

Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive form of the deponent verb 'χράομαι'. As a deponent verb, it appears in the middle or passive voice but carries an active meaning. It generally means 'to use' or 'to employ' something, and often takes an object in the dative case. It can also mean 'to consult' an oracle or person.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΙΜΕΥΩ, ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- 'to desire, want'. In Greek, it developed the sense of 'to need' and then 'to use'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G4337

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: po-THOH

Translations: to long for, to desire, to yearn for, to crave, to miss

Notes: This verb expresses a strong desire, longing, or yearning for something or someone. It implies a deep emotional connection and often a sense of absence or missing. It can be used in contexts where one deeply wishes for an outcome or a person's presence.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΠΟΘΩ, ΟΡΕΓΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΟΘΩ (pothō) is derived from the noun πόθος (pothos), meaning 'a longing, desire'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but it is an ancient Greek word expressing deep yearning.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G4061

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-ree-toh-MEN

Translations: circumcision, a circumcision

Notes: This word refers to the act of circumcision, a religious or cultural practice involving the removal of the foreskin. In Koine Greek, it often refers to the Jewish practice of circumcision, which was a sign of the covenant with God. It can be used in both a literal sense and a metaphorical sense, referring to a spiritual cleansing or transformation.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: From the Greek verb περιτέμνω (peritemnō), meaning 'to cut around'. It is a compound word formed from περί (peri), meaning 'around', and τέμνω (temnō), meaning 'to cut'.

G0979

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BEE-oo

Translations: of life, of livelihood, of means of living, a life

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΒΙΟΣ' (bios), which refers to life, especially in the sense of one's earthly existence, way of life, or means of living. It can also refer to one's livelihood or possessions. As a genitive form, 'ΒΙΟΥ' often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of life' or 'of livelihood' depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΖΩΗΝ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷih₃-wo-s, meaning 'living'. It is related to the verb 'ζάω' (zaō), meaning 'to live'.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-ay-SAH-sthai

Translations: to make for oneself, to do for oneself, to cause to be done, to perform, to accomplish

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō). In the middle voice, the action of the verb is performed by the subject for its own benefit or with a direct involvement of the subject in the result. Therefore, it means 'to make for oneself' or 'to do for oneself', often implying an action that the subject causes to happen or performs for their own advantage or interest.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΙ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΣΘΑΙ

G2532, G1565

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: kah-KAY-noys

Translations: and to those, and for those, and those

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the conjunction 'καί' (and, also, even) and the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'ἐκεῖνος' (that, those). It means 'and to those' or 'and for those', indicating a dative relationship. It can also simply mean 'and those' when used as a demonstrative adjective modifying an implied noun in the dative case. The apostrophe indicates an elision of the 'ι' from 'καί' before the initial vowel of 'ἐκεῖνος'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥΤΟΙΣ, ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΙΣ

G5225

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-PEER-khen

Translations: was, existed, there was, there existed, had, possessed

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'to be' or 'to exist', often implying a state of being or possession that continued over a period in the past. It can mean 'was', 'existed', or 'there was/existed'. It can also mean 'to have' or 'to possess', indicating what someone had or what was available to them. It describes a continuous or repeated action or state in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΗΝ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ

G5620

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: HOH-steh

Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.

G3062

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: LOY-pon

Translations: remaining, the rest, the remainder, other, finally, henceforth, for the rest

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'remaining' or 'other', a noun meaning 'the rest' or 'the remainder', or an adverb meaning 'finally', 'henceforth', or 'for the rest'. As an adjective, it describes what is left over. As a noun, it refers to the remaining portion or people. As an adverb, it introduces a concluding thought or indicates a future time.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λείπω (leípō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AR-khee-eh-REFS

Translations: high priest, a high priest

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ἀρχή' (arche), meaning 'first' or 'chief', and 'ἱερεύς' (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It refers to the chief priest, the highest religious official in ancient Israel, responsible for leading the temple worship and performing the most sacred rituals. It can also refer to a chief priest in a more general sense. It is used in sentences to denote the specific individual holding this esteemed religious office.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΕΥΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣ is a compound of two Greek words: ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'beginning, rule, chief', and ἱερεύς (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It literally means 'chief priest' or 'first priest'.

G0340

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-neh-OH-sas-thai

Translations: to renew, to be renewed, to make new again

Notes: This word means to renew or to make new again. It implies a restoration to a former, better state, or a complete transformation into something new. It is often used in the context of spiritual or moral renewal, or the renewal of a relationship or covenant. It is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀνα- (ana-), meaning 'again' or 'anew', and the verb νεόω (neóo), meaning 'to make new'.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΚΑΙΝΊΖΩ, ἈΝΑΚΑΙΝΌΩ

Etymology: The word ἀνανεόω (ananéoo) is derived from the prefix ἀνα- (ana-), meaning 'again' or 'anew', and the verb νεόω (neóo), meaning 'to make new'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G4892

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: syng-KLEE-tos

Translations: senate, a senate, senator, a senator, summoned, called together

Notes: This word can function as a noun, referring to a 'senate' or a 'senator', or as an adjective meaning 'summoned' or 'called together'. As a noun, it typically refers to a council of elders or a governing body, such as the Roman Senate. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'καλέω' (to call).

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as a noun 'senate'); Masculine or Feminine (as an adjective 'summoned')

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΓΕΡΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb 'συγκαλέω' (to call together), which is formed from 'σύν' (with, together) and 'καλέω' (to call). It literally means 'those called together'.

G1180, G1209

Part of Speech: Noun, Participle

Sounds like: dek-sah-MEH-nay

Translations: cistern, a cistern, reservoir, a reservoir, tank, a tank, receiving, having received, welcoming, having welcomed

Notes: This word can function as a noun, meaning a 'cistern' or 'reservoir,' a place for holding water. It can also be a participle derived from the verb 'δέχομαι' (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to welcome.' As a participle, it describes someone or something that is in the act of receiving or has already received something. For example, it could describe a person who is welcoming guests or a container that has received contents.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as a noun); Feminine, Nominative, Singular, Aorist Middle Participle (as a participle)

Synonyms: ΦΡΕΑΡ, ΛΑΚΚΟΣ, ΥΔΡΕΙΑ

Etymology: The noun δεξαμενή (dexamenē) comes from the verb δέχομαι (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to take.' It refers to a place that receives and holds water.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: FAN-nee-oss

Translations: Fannius

Notes: This is a proper noun, specifically a Roman family name, 'Fannius'. It is used to refer to individuals bearing this name, often in official or historical contexts, as seen in the examples where it is associated with titles like 'strategos' (general) or 'hypatos' (consul).

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Φάννιος (Phannios) is a Greek transliteration of the Latin nomen (family name) Fannius. The origin of the Latin Fannius is uncertain, but it was a prominent gens (clan) in ancient Rome.

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HUI-os

Translations: son, a son

Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.

G4755

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-TAY-goss

Translations: commander, general, governor, a commander, a general, a governor

Notes: This word refers to a military commander, a general, or a governor. It is a compound word derived from 'στρατός' (army) and 'ἄγω' (to lead), literally meaning 'leader of an army'. It can be used to describe someone in charge of military forces or a civil administrator with significant authority, often in a military context.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΙΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΣ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΔΟΥΞ

Etymology: From 'στρατός' (army) and 'ἄγω' (to lead). It refers to one who leads an army or a military force.

G1012

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BOO-layn

Translations: counsel, a counsel, plan, a plan, purpose, a purpose, will, a will

Notes: This word refers to a counsel, plan, or purpose, often implying a deliberate decision or intention. It can be used to describe human plans or, frequently in the New Testament, the divine will or purpose of God. It is used in sentences to indicate the object of an action, such as 'to know the counsel' or 'to understand the plan'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΑ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΒΟΥΛΗ (boulē) comes from the verb βούλομαι (boulomai), meaning 'to will, to wish, to intend'. It refers to the act or result of willing or planning.

G0071

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-GAH-gen

Translations: he led, he brought, he carried, he took, he went

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to lead,' 'to bring,' 'to carry,' or 'to take.' It is used to describe the action of guiding someone or something from one place to another, or simply moving oneself. It can also imply a journey or a course of action. In the provided examples, it describes someone being led or brought.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΑΓΩ

Etymology: The word ΑΓΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to lead' or 'to drive.' It is a very ancient and fundamental verb in the Greek language.

G4253

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PRO

Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.

G1492

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EYE-dohn

Translations: knowing, seeing, having seen, having known

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'οἶδα' (oida), which means 'to know' or 'to see'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in the state of knowing or seeing, or has completed the action of knowing or seeing. It can be translated as 'knowing', 'seeing', 'having known', or 'having seen', depending on the context. For example, it might be used in a phrase like 'the one knowing' or 'he, having seen'.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΓΝΟΥΣ, ΒΛΕΠΩΝ

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: koh-MEE-tee-oh

Translations: to a comitium, in a comitium, a comitium

Notes: This word refers to a comitium, which was a designated assembly area in ancient Rome where citizens would gather for political, judicial, or religious purposes. It is a Latin loanword adopted into Koine Greek. It is used here in the dative case, indicating location or direction.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Etymology: The word ΚΟΜΙΤΙΩ is a direct transliteration of the Latin word 'comitium', which refers to an assembly place. It derives from the Latin verb 'comes' (companion) or 'coire' (to come together).

G3918

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pah-RON-tos

Translations: of being present, of being at hand, of being here, of the present

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the present active participle of the verb 'πάρειμι' (pareimi), meaning 'to be present' or 'to be at hand'. It describes someone or something that is currently in a particular place or situation. In English, it often translates as 'of one who is present' or 'of the present (time/thing)', depending on the context. It can function adjectivally or substantively.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΝΟΝΤΟΣ, ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: men-TEE-nah

Translations: unknown

Notes: It's not clear what this word means. It is not a recognized word in Koine Greek lexicons. It could be a misspelling, a proper noun (perhaps a name or place not commonly found in biblical or classical Koine texts), or a garbled word. Given the context of the example usage which appears to be a Latin inscription translated into Greek, it is highly probable that 'ΜΕΝΤΙΝΑ' is a transliteration of a Latin proper noun, possibly a place name or a family name, such as 'Mentina' or related to 'Mentio'.

Inflection: Unknown

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G4243

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-res-BEV-sen

Translations: he acted as an ambassador, he was an envoy, he represented, he sent an embassy

Notes: This word describes the action of serving as an ambassador or envoy, or representing someone or something in an official capacity. It can also mean to send an embassy. It is used to indicate that a person performed the duties of a representative.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word comes from πρέσβυς (presbys), meaning 'old man, elder, ambassador'. The verb form means to act as such.

G1395

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: doh-see-THEH-oo

Translations: of Dositheus

Notes: Dositheus is a masculine proper name of Greek origin, meaning 'gift of God'. This form, ΔΟΣΙΘΕΟΥ, is the genitive case of the name, indicating possession or origin, similar to saying 'of Dositheus' in English. It would be used in contexts like 'the house of Dositheus' or 'the son of Dositheus'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name Dositheus is a compound word derived from the Greek words δόσις (dosis), meaning 'a giving' or 'gift', and θεός (theos), meaning 'God'. Thus, it literally means 'gift of God'.

G223

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-lek-SAN-droo

Translations: of Alexander

Notes: This is the genitive form of the proper noun 'Alexander'. It refers to a person named Alexander, most notably Alexander the Great, the Macedonian king who conquered much of the ancient world. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to 'Alexander's' or 'belonging to Alexander' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From the Greek name Alexandros, meaning 'defender of mankind' or 'protector of men'. It is a compound of 'alexein' (to defend, help) and 'aner' (man, male).

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: dee-o-DOH-ros

Translations: Diodorus

Notes: Diodorus is a male proper name of Greek origin. It is a compound word derived from 'Διός' (Dios), meaning 'of Zeus' or 'of God', and 'δῶρον' (doron), meaning 'gift'. Thus, the name means 'Gift of Zeus' or 'Gift of God'. It is used to refer to a specific individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Διόδωρος (Diodoros) is of Greek origin, formed from the genitive case of Zeus (Διός, Dios) and the noun δῶρον (doron), meaning 'gift'. It has been in use since ancient times.

Part of Speech: Verb Participle

Sounds like: pem-FTHEN-tes

Translations: sent, having been sent, those who were sent, the ones sent

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been sent' or 'those who were sent'. It describes individuals or groups who have been dispatched, commissioned, or delegated for a specific purpose. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating that the subject has undergone the action of being sent.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΣΤΑΛΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΞΑΠΕΣΤΑΛΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΜΠΩ (pempō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to send, to conduct'.

G5373

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fee-LEE-as

Translations: of friendship, of affection, of love

Notes: This word refers to the bond of friendship, affection, or love between individuals. It describes a close relationship characterized by mutual regard and goodwill. In a sentence, it would typically indicate the nature of a relationship or the quality of affection, often appearing in a genitive construction to show possession or origin, such as 'the bond of friendship'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΠΗΣ, ΕΡΩΤΟΣ, ΣΤΟΡΓΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΦΙΛΙΑ (philia) comes from the Greek word φίλος (philos), meaning 'beloved, dear, friendly'. It is related to the verb φιλέω (phileō), meaning 'to love, to be fond of'.

G5225

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-par-KHOO-sees

Translations: being, existing, (of) being, (of) existing, (of) having, (of) possessing

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'to be' or 'to exist', often conveying the sense of 'being' or 'existing' in a particular state or condition. It can also imply 'having' or 'possessing' something. It is used to describe a continuous state or an inherent quality of the subject. As a genitive feminine singular participle, it often functions adjectivally or substantively, modifying a feminine noun in the genitive case or standing in for such a noun.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΚΕΙΜΑΙ

G4849

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sym-ma-KHEE-as

Translations: of alliance, of a military alliance, of confederacy, of assistance in war

Notes: This word refers to a military alliance, a confederacy, or the act of providing assistance in war. It is often used in contexts describing agreements or partnerships between groups or nations for mutual defense or offense. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession or relationship, such as 'of an alliance' or 'concerning an alliance'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΙΑ

G1219

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: day-mo-SEE-ohn

Translations: of public, of the public, of common, of the common, of state, of the state, of official, of the official

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'public,' 'common,' 'belonging to the state,' or 'official.' It describes something that pertains to the people or the community as a whole, rather than to a private individual. It can be used to describe public affairs, public property, or public officials.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Etymology: From the Greek word ΔΗΜΟΣ (demos), meaning 'people' or 'district,' referring to the common people or a political division.

G2447

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-OP-pay

Translations: Joppa

Notes: Joppa is a significant ancient port city located on the Mediterranean coast of Israel, known today as Jaffa. It served as a major maritime gateway for trade and travel in biblical times, notably mentioned in the Old Testament as the port from which Jonah attempted to flee from God, and in the New Testament as the place where Peter raised Tabitha from the dead.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Joppa' is of Semitic origin, likely derived from the Hebrew word 'Yapho' (יָפוֹ), meaning 'beautiful' or 'fair'. It has been known by various names throughout history, but Joppa is its most common Greek form.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: gah-ZOH-rah

Translations: Gazora

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a specific place. It is likely the name of a city or region, possibly in ancient Judea or Syria, mentioned in historical texts outside of the biblical canon, such as those by Josephus. As a proper noun, it functions as the name of a unique entity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The etymology of Gazora is uncertain, but it is believed to be of Semitic origin, possibly related to words meaning 'treasure' or 'fortress,' which was common for place names in the region.

G0236

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: al-LAS

Translations: change, exchange, alter, transform, substitute

Notes: This verb means to change, alter, or exchange something. It can be used to describe a physical transformation, a change in circumstances, or the act of substituting one thing for another. It is often used in the middle voice (ἈΛΛΆΣΣΟΜΑΙ) to mean 'to be changed' or 'to exchange for oneself'.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Imperative, Active Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice; or First Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Active Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Active Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Active Voice; or First Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Active Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Active Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Active Voice; or First Person Singular, Aorist Imperative, Middle Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Imperative, Middle Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Imperative, Middle Voice; or First Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Middle Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Middle Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Middle Voice; or First Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Middle Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Middle Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Middle Voice.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΒΆΛΛΩ, ΜΕΤΑΤΊΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: From ἌΛΛΟΣ (allos), meaning 'other'. The verb signifies making something 'other' than it was.

G4171

Part of Speech: Noun, Proper Noun

Sounds like: POH-leh-mohn

Translations: war, battle, fight, of wars, of battles, of fights, Polemon

Notes: This word can refer to a war, battle, or fight. It is often used in the plural to refer to multiple conflicts. It can also be used as a proper noun, referring to the personal name Polemon. In the provided examples, it appears both as a common noun in the genitive plural (meaning 'of wars') and potentially as a proper noun (Polemon).

Inflection: Singular, Nominative (Proper Noun); Plural, Genitive (Common Noun)

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΕΡΙΣ, ΑΓΩΝ

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LAH-ben

Translations: he took, she took, it took, he received, she received, it received

Notes: This is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It can be used to describe someone taking an object, receiving something, or even grasping an idea.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G1378

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DOG-ma

Translations: decree, an ordinance, doctrine, a doctrine, dogma, a dogma

Notes: This word refers to an official decree, an ordinance, or a settled principle or doctrine. It can be used to describe a public edict issued by an authority, or a religious or philosophical teaching that is considered authoritative. In a sentence, it might refer to a king's decree or a set of religious beliefs.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΤΑΓΜΑ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΓΜΑ, ΚΡΙΜΑ

Etymology: The word "dogma" comes from the Greek verb δοκέω (dokeō), meaning "to seem, to think, to appear." It originally referred to that which seems good or is thought to be true, evolving to mean an opinion, then a public decree or an established doctrine.

G600

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-poh-kah-tah-STAH-thay

Translations: to be restored, to be re-established, to be reinstated, to be brought back

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'apokathistēmi', meaning to restore or re-establish. It is used here in the aorist passive voice, indicating an action that was completed in the past and was done to the subject. It signifies the act of being brought back to a former state or position, or being re-established.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Imperative, 3rd Person Singular or Aorist, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΑΙΝΙΖΩ, ΑΝΑΚΤΙΖΩ

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G0937

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bah-see-lee-KOYS

Translations: royal, kingly, of the king, (to) royal ones, (to) kingly ones, (to) royal things

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'royal' or 'kingly', referring to something that belongs to a king or is characteristic of a king. It can describe people, objects, or concepts associated with royalty. In the provided examples, it modifies 'bibliophylakiois' (archives/treasuries), 'oikonomois' (stewards), and 'thoraxin' (breastplates), indicating that these are 'royal archives', 'royal stewards', and 'royal breastplates'. It is used here in the dative plural case.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ (basileus), meaning 'king'. The suffix -ικός (-ikos) is used to form adjectives indicating 'belonging to' or 'pertaining to'.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G1825

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-eh-GHEH-ee-roh

Translations: raised, awakened, stirred up, aroused

Notes: This word is likely an incomplete or truncated form of a verb, possibly a misspelling or a fragment from a larger word like ἐξηγεῖρεν (exēgeiren) or ἐξηγείρετο (exēgeireto). The full verb ἐξεγείρω means 'to raise up,' 'to awaken,' or 'to stir up.' It is often used to describe the act of causing something to rise or become active, such as raising a person from sleep or stirring up a storm. In the provided context, it refers to the Lord stirring up a great storm on the sea.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular (if from ἐξηγεῖρεν); or Imperfect Indicative Middle/Passive, 3rd Person Singular (if from ἐξηγείρετο). The provided form 'ἘΞΗ' is incomplete and cannot be fully parsed on its own.

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΔΙΕΓΕΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word ἐξεγείρω is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from,' and the verb ἐγείρω (egeirō), meaning 'to raise' or 'to awaken.'

G5561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHO-ras

Translations: of a country, of a region, of a land, of a place, of the country, of the region, of the land, of the place, countries, regions, lands, places

Notes: This word refers to a country, region, land, or place. It is often used to denote a specific geographical area or territory. In its genitive singular form, it indicates possession or origin, such as 'of a country' or 'from a region'. It can also function as the nominative or accusative plural, meaning 'countries' or 'regions'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΓΗ

G5218

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: hoo-pay-KO-ohn

Translations: (of) obedient, (of) subject, (of) subjects, (of) those who obey, (of) those who are subject

Notes: This word describes someone who is obedient or subject to authority. It is often used as a noun to refer to 'subjects' or 'those who obey'. In the provided context, it is used in the genitive plural, indicating 'of subjects' or 'of those who are subject'. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo, 'under') and 'ἀκούω' (akouō, 'to hear'), literally meaning 'hearing under' or 'listening under authority'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΩΝ, ΥΠΟΤΑΓΜΕΝΩΝ

G1330

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-er-KHESTH-ai

Translations: to pass through, to go through, to travel through, to cross

Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ. It is a compound word formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning "through," and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning "to come" or "to go." It describes the action of moving from one point to another, specifically passing through an area, a crowd, or a period of time. It can be used to describe physical movement or the progression of events.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΔΙΟΔΕΥΩ, ΠΕΡΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-non

Translations: that (one), him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It refers to something distant in space or time, or something previously mentioned or understood from the context. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, meaning 'that one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'that [noun]'. In this form, it is used for a masculine singular object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ὉΔΕ

Etymology: The word ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ (ekeinos) is derived from the adverb ἐκεῖ (ekei), meaning 'there'. It refers to something 'over there' or 'that one there', indicating distance.

G5586

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: psay-fees-THEN-tah

Translations: having been voted on, having been decreed, decreed, resolved, enacted

Notes: This word is a passive participle derived from the verb 'ψηφίζω' (psēphizō), meaning 'to vote' or 'to decide by vote'. As a participle, it describes something that has undergone the action of being voted upon or decreed. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, and indicates that the noun has been the subject of a formal decision or resolution.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ΚΡΙΝΩ, ΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

G0001

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: A-KOO-rah

Translations: invalid, void, without authority, an invalid (thing)

Notes: This word describes something that is without force, authority, or validity. It is used to denote something that is nullified, ineffective, or not binding. For example, a contract or a law could be described as 'ἀκύρα' if it is no longer valid or has been rendered void.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ, ἈΚΥΡΩΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἄκυρος (akuros) is a compound word formed from the privative alpha (ἀ-) meaning 'not' or 'without', and κύρος (kuros) meaning 'authority' or 'validity'. Thus, it literally means 'without authority' or 'without validity'.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-NEE-tai

Translations: may be, might be, become, happen, come to pass, be made, be done

Notes: This word signifies 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' 'to become,' or 'to be made.' It is often used to describe events unfolding or states changing. It can also mean 'to be done' or 'to be performed' in certain contexts.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Aorist, Subjunctive, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΜΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of generation or becoming.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PEM-psan-tes

Translations: having sent, sending, dispatching, escorting, accompanying

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΠΕΜΠΩ', meaning 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. It can be translated as 'having sent' or 'sending', indicating an action that has occurred or is occurring in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It can also mean to escort or accompany someone.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-ee-SOH-seen

Translations: they may do, they may make, they may produce, they may perform

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), which means 'to do', 'to make', 'to produce', or 'to perform'. It is a very common verb used in a wide range of contexts, from creating something to carrying out an action or fulfilling a command. In this specific form, it indicates a potential or hypothetical action performed by a group.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Subjunctive, Active

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

G1268

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-tee-may-SOHN-tai

Translations: to appraise, to estimate, to value, to assess, to set a price on

Notes: This word means to appraise, estimate, or set a value on something, often in a thorough or precise manner. It is a compound word formed from 'διά' (through, thoroughly) and 'τιμάω' (to honor, value). It implies a careful and complete assessment of worth or price.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Subjunctive, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΤΙΜΑΩ, ΑΠΟΤΙΜΑΩ, ΕΚΤΙΜΑΩ

Etymology: From the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and the verb τιμάω (timaō), meaning 'to honor' or 'to value'. The combination suggests a thorough valuation or appraisal.

G1311

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ef-thar-MEH-nayn

Translations: corrupted, ruined, destroyed, spoiled, depraved, defiled

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'διαφθείρω' (diaphtheirō), meaning 'to corrupt,' 'to destroy,' or 'to ruin.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been corrupted, ruined, or destroyed. It indicates a state of being completely spoiled or morally depraved.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΛΥΜΑΙΝΟΜΑΙ

G1218

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DEE-moos

Translations: people, a people, district, a district, community, a community

Notes: This word refers to a people, a district, or a community. It is often used to describe a specific group of people or a geographical area inhabited by them. In the provided context, it is used to describe the organization of people into groups or divisions.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ

Etymology: The word "ΔΗΜΟΣ" (dēmos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a division of society, a district, or a people. It is the root of English words like 'democracy' and 'demography'.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G1887

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-PAH-noh-doo

Translations: of return, of a return, of a way back, of a going back

Notes: This word refers to the act of returning or going back to a place or state. It is used to describe the process or action of a return journey or a restoration. As a genitive form, it often indicates possession or relationship, such as 'of return' or 'pertaining to a return'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΑΜΨΙΣ, ΑΠΟΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἔπανοδος (epanodos) is a compound word formed from ἐπί (epi, 'upon, to, again'), ἀνά (ana, 'up, back'), and ὁδός (hodos, 'way, road, journey'). It literally means 'a way back upon' or 'a return journey'.

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOK-sen

Translations: it seemed good, it seemed best, it was decided, it pleased, it was thought, it was resolved

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'δοκέω' (dokeō). It means 'it seemed good' or 'it was decided'. It is often used impersonally to express a decision or a consensus, indicating that something was deemed appropriate or pleasing to someone or a group. For example, 'it seemed good to them' or 'it was decided by the council'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΡΕΣΚΩ, ΚΡΙΝΩ, ΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pem-FTHEN-tas

Translations: sent, having been sent, those who were sent, the ones sent

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having been sent' or 'those who were sent'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective but retains verbal characteristics, describing someone or something that has undergone the action of being sent. It is used to refer to individuals or groups who have been dispatched or commissioned.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Plural, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΣΤΑΛΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΕΞΑΠΕΣΤΑΛΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πέμπω (pempō, “to send, to conduct, to escort”).

G0018

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-gah-THOO

Translations: of good, of a good thing, of a good person

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective 'ἈΓΑΘΟΣ', meaning 'good'. It describes something or someone that is inherently good, beneficial, or virtuous. It can refer to moral goodness, usefulness, or excellence. In a sentence, it would typically modify a noun, indicating that the noun possesses the quality of goodness, and its genitive case often implies possession or origin, hence 'of good'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΥ

G5384

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fee-LOO

Translations: of a friend, of a beloved one, of a dear one, a friend, a beloved one, a dear one

Notes: This word refers to someone who is loved, dear, or a friend. It is used to describe a close companion or someone held in high regard. It can be used in a possessive sense (of a friend) or to refer to multiple friends (friends).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ΦΙΛΕΩ (phileō), meaning 'to love' or 'to be fond of'. It is related to the concept of affection and fondness.

G3305

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN-toy

Translations: however, certainly, indeed, nevertheless, yet, truly

Notes: ΜΕΝΤΟΙ is a particle used to introduce a strong contrast or to emphasize a statement. It often means 'however' or 'nevertheless' when introducing a contrasting idea, or 'certainly' or 'indeed' when adding emphasis to a preceding statement. It can be used to affirm something strongly or to mark a transition to a more important or contrasting point.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΔΕ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: From the particle μέν (men) meaning 'on the one hand' or 'indeed', and τοι (toi) meaning 'surely' or 'indeed'. It combines these elements to form a stronger emphatic or adversative particle.

G1121

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: grahm-MAH-tohn

Translations: of letters, of writings, of documents, of scriptures, of a writing, of a document, of a letter

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'γραμμα' (gramma). It refers to written characters, letters of the alphabet, or more broadly, written documents, scriptures, or literature. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'of letters' or 'belonging to writings'. In the provided context, 'πόλις γραμμάτων' (polis grammaton) means 'city of writings' or 'city of scribes/scholars', implying a place known for its literacy or written records.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΩΝ, ΓΡΑΦΩΝ

G3752

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OH-tan

Translations: when, whenever, as often as, at the time that

Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a temporal clause, indicating a point in time or a condition. It means 'when' or 'whenever,' suggesting that something happens at a specific moment or repeatedly under certain circumstances. It is often followed by the subjunctive mood in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΤΕ, ΗΝΙΚΑ

Etymology: From the conjunction ὅτε (hote, 'when') and the particle ἄν (an, indicating potential or contingency).

G2398

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ee-DEE-ohn

Translations: of one's own, of private things, of peculiar things

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ἴδιος' (idios). It refers to something that is one's own, private, or peculiar to an individual or group. It is often used to emphasize possession or a unique characteristic. For example, it can mean 'their own' or 'his own' when referring to possessions or personal matters.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ, ἙΑΥΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἴδιος (idios) comes from Proto-Indo-European *swe-dʰ-yo-, meaning 'one's own'. It is related to the reflexive pronoun 'self' and emphasizes personal possession or distinctiveness.

G2157

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-skho-LEH-see

Translations: be at leisure, have leisure, have time, be free, be unhindered

Notes: This word means to have leisure, to be free from other duties, or to have time for something. It implies being unhindered or having the opportunity to do something. It is often used in contexts where someone is able to attend to a matter because they are not occupied with other tasks.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΣΧΟΛΑΖΩ, ἈΝΕΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word Εὐσχολέω (euscholéō) is a compound word derived from the prefix εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and σχολή (scholē), meaning 'leisure' or 'free time'. Thus, it literally means 'to have good leisure' or 'to be well at leisure'.

G4704

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: spoo-DAH-sin

Translations: to be diligent, to make haste, to strive, to endeavor, to be eager, to exert oneself

Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'spoudazo'. It means to be diligent, to make haste, or to exert oneself with eagerness. It implies a sense of urgency and earnest effort in accomplishing something. It can be used in sentences where one is encouraged or commanded to act with zeal.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΓΩ, ΣΠΕΥΔΩ, ΠΡΟΘΥΜΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'spoudazo' comes from 'spoude' (σπουδή), meaning 'haste, earnestness, zeal'. It is related to the idea of putting forth effort with eagerness.

G3062

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: loy-POO

Translations: of the rest, of the remainder, of the others, finally, for the rest, henceforth, from now on, moreover, then, now, what remains

Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the adjective 'λοιπός' (loipos), meaning 'remaining' or 'the rest'. When used as an adjective, it refers to 'of the rest' or 'of the others'. It is very commonly used adverbially, meaning 'finally', 'for the rest', 'henceforth', or 'moreover', indicating a transition or conclusion in discourse. It can also introduce a new point or summarize what has been said.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΣ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'λοιπός' (loipos) comes from the verb 'λείπω' (leipō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'.

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G0093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-DIK-ay-mah

Translations: wrong, a wrong, injustice, an injustice, unrighteousness, crime, a crime, misdeed, a misdeed, injury, an injury

Notes: This word refers to an act of injustice, a wrong deed, or a crime. It describes an action that is contrary to what is right or just. It can be used to refer to any kind of wrongdoing, from a minor offense to a serious crime.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative

Synonyms: ἈΔΙΚΙΑ, ἈΝΟΜΙΑ, ἉΜΑΡΤΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἈΔΙΚΗΜΑ is derived from the verb ἀδικέω (adikeō), meaning 'to do wrong' or 'to be unjust', which itself comes from ἄδικος (adikos), meaning 'unjust', formed from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) and δίκη (dikē), meaning 'justice' or 'right'.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G1877

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-an-EL-thoy-en

Translations: they might return, they might come back, they might go back

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to return' or 'to come back'. It is formed from the prepositions ἐπί (upon, to), ἀνά (up, again), and the verb ἔρχομαι (to come, to go). It describes the action of going or coming back to a previous place or state.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Aorist, Optative, Active

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΑΜΠΤΩ, ΥΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ

Etymology: The word ἐπανέρχομαι is a compound verb derived from the prefix ἐπί (epi, 'upon, to'), the prefix ἀνά (ana, 'up, again'), and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai, 'to come, to go'). It literally means 'to come back upon' or 'to go up again'.

G0649

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-PEM-pei

Translations: sends away, dismisses, divorces, sends back, sends forth

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb πέμπω (pempo), meaning 'to send'. It generally means to send someone or something away, to dismiss them, or to send them back. In some contexts, it can specifically refer to divorcing a spouse. It describes an action of dispatching or letting go.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ἘΚΠΕΜΠΩ, ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ΔΙΑΛΥΩ

G1325

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: DOOS

Translations: giving, having given, a giver, one who gives

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to give'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of giving, or has already given. It can function like an adjective, modifying a noun, or like an adverb, describing the manner of an action. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the man giving the gift' or 'he spoke, giving a warning'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩΝ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G1276

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-PEM-pson-tas

Translations: sending through, sending away, dispatching, conveying, transmitting

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from διά (dia, meaning 'through' or 'apart') and πέμπω (pempo, meaning 'to send'). It generally means to send through, send away, or dispatch. It implies sending someone or something from one place to another, often with a specific purpose or message. It can be used in contexts of sending messengers, conveying goods, or transmitting information.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΠΕΜΠΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ

G3930

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: par-ex-oh-MEH-noos

Translations: providing, furnishing, supplying, offering, causing, presenting, affording, giving, showing

Notes: This word is a future middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'παρέχω' (parechō). It describes someone or something that will be providing, furnishing, or offering something. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself. For example, it could refer to 'those who will provide' or 'the ones who will offer'.

Inflection: Future, Middle/Passive, Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word παρέχω (parechō) is a compound word formed from παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Thus, it literally means 'to hold alongside' or 'to offer from beside oneself', leading to its meaning of providing or furnishing.

G3952

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: par-oo-SEE-an

Translations: presence, coming, arrival, a presence, a coming, an arrival

Notes: This word refers to the state of being present, an arrival, or a coming. It can denote a physical presence or the act of appearing. It is often used to describe the arrival of a person or an event.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΛΕΥΣΙΣ, ΑΦΙΞΙΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'with', and the verb εἰμί (eimi), meaning 'to be'. It literally means 'being alongside' or 'being present'.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-REH-ah

Translations: high priest, a high priest

Notes: This word refers to a high priest, the chief religious official in ancient Israel. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀρχή' (arche), meaning 'chief' or 'first', and 'ἱερεύς' (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It is used to denote the head of the priestly order.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

G4290

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pro-thoo-MOU-meh-noh

Translations: (to be) eager, (to be) willing, (to be) ready, (to be) zealous, (to) eagerly, (to) willingly, (to) readily

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, indicating an action being performed by the subject upon itself or for itself, or an action being received by the subject. It describes someone who is eager, willing, or zealous to do something. It can function adverbially, meaning 'eagerly' or 'willingly', or adjectivally, describing a person who is eager.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Dative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΘΕΛΩ, ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ

G4754

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: strah-TEV-een

Translations: to wage war, to serve as a soldier, to fight, to make a military expedition

Notes: This word means to serve as a soldier, to go on a military campaign, or to wage war. It describes the act of engaging in military service or combat. It can be used in contexts where someone is literally fighting in a war or metaphorically struggling against something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΕΩ, ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ (STRATOS), meaning 'army', and the suffix -ΕΥΩ (-EUO), which forms verbs indicating an activity or state related to the root noun. Thus, it means 'to be an army' or 'to act as an army'.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G1898

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-EH-geh-neh-toh

Translations: it was possible, it was permitted, it happened, it came to pass, it resulted, it was born, it came out

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ἐκγίνομαι' (ekginomai), which is a compound verb formed from 'ἐκ' (out of) and 'γίνομαι' (to become, to be born, to happen). In this specific form, it means 'it was possible' or 'it happened'. It is often used impersonally to indicate that something was possible or permitted, or that an event occurred or resulted from something else.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ

Etymology: The verb ΕΚΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition ΕΚ (out of, from) and the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (to become, to be born, to happen). The root ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be born, to come into being'.

G2540

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kai-ROS

Translations: time, a time, season, a season, appointed time, an appointed time, opportune time, an opportune time

Notes: This word refers to a specific, opportune, or appointed time, often implying a critical moment or a season of activity, as opposed to chronological time (chronos). It is used to denote the right or proper time for something to happen or be done.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΩΡΑ, ΕΥΚΑΙΡΙΑ

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΚΑΙΡΟΣ' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb 'κείρω' (keirō), meaning 'to cut', possibly referring to a 'cut' or 'decisive' moment in time.

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G0874

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-for-MEE

Translations: occasion, opportunity, a starting point, a base of operations, a pretext, an excuse, a cause, a reason

Notes: This word refers to a starting point, a base of operations, or a point of departure. It can also mean an occasion, opportunity, or a pretext for action. It is often used to describe the cause or reason for something, or an excuse given for a particular behavior. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo, 'from') and the noun ὁρμή (hormē, 'a rush, impulse, start').

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, or Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΦΑΣΙΣ, ΑἸΤΙΑ, ΕΥ̓ΚΑΙΡΙΑ

Etymology: From ἀπό (apo, 'from') and ὁρμή (hormē, 'a rush, impulse, start'). It literally means 'a place to start from' or 'a point of departure'.

G0550

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-pekh-tha-NO-meh-nohn

Translations: of those who are hated, of those who incur hatred, of those who are hostile, of those who are detested

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'ἀπεχθάνομαι'. It describes a state of being hated, incurring hatred, or being hostile towards someone or something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, modifying or referring to individuals or groups who are in such a state. It can be used to describe people who are disliked or who themselves harbor ill will.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΙΣΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ἘΧΘΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἀπεχθάνομαι is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἔχθομαι (echthomai), meaning 'to be hated' or 'to hate'. It signifies a turning away due to hatred or hostility.

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: po-NEE-ros

Translations: evil, wicked, bad, malicious, harmful, worthless, a wicked person, the evil one

Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, or bad. It can refer to moral depravity, harmfulness, or worthlessness. It is often used to describe people who are morally corrupt or actions that are harmful. When used substantively, it can refer to 'the evil one,' often understood as the devil.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from πονέω (poneō), meaning 'to toil, labor, suffer,' suggesting something that causes toil or suffering, hence 'evil' or 'painful.'

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: PEM-psan-TON

Translations: of sending, of having sent, of dispatching, of having dispatched

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. It describes an action of sending that has already occurred or is ongoing, and it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to' the ones who sent.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΟΝΤΩΝ, ΣΤΕΛΛΟΝΤΩΝ

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G4585

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: seh-LEH-oo-koo

Translations: of Seleucus

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Seleucus'. Seleucus was a common name in the Hellenistic period, most notably referring to Seleucus I Nicator, a general of Alexander the Great and founder of the Seleucid Empire. In context, it typically refers to one of the kings named Seleucus.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Seleucus' is of Greek origin, derived from the verb 'σέλευκος' (seleukos), meaning 'bright' or 'shining'. It was a common personal name in ancient Greece and particularly prominent among the Hellenistic kings.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: PEM-psan-tos

Translations: (of) sending, (of) having sent, (of) dispatching, (of) having dispatched

Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the aorist active participle of the verb 'πέμπω' (pempō), meaning 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the subject of a genitive absolute construction, meaning 'of the one who sent' or 'when he had sent'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G1941

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-leh-GO-meh-non

Translations: called, named, surnamed, chosen, selected

Notes: This word is a passive participle meaning 'being called' or 'being named'. It is often used to introduce a surname or an epithet, indicating what someone is commonly referred to as. It can also mean 'being chosen' or 'being selected', especially in a military or administrative context, referring to someone who has been picked for a specific role or purpose. In the provided examples, it functions as 'surnamed' or 'called'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΝ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G3163

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MA-khees

Translations: of battle, of fight, of combat, of a battle, of a fight, of a combat

Notes: This word refers to a battle, fight, or combat. It is used to describe a physical conflict or struggle between individuals or groups. As a noun, it can function as the subject or object of a sentence, or in this genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΟΥ, ΑΓΩΝΟΣ, ΕΡΙΔΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΗ (machē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *magh-, meaning 'to be able, to have power'. It is related to words signifying struggle or combat.

G1096

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nays

Translations: (of) having become, (of) having happened, (of) being, (of) coming into existence, (of) being born, (of) being made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring, often functioning like a verbal adjective or an adverbial clause. In this form, it indicates a feminine singular genitive relationship, often translated as 'of having become' or 'when it became' in a genitive absolute construction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Aorist Middle Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G2274

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: het-tay-THEYS

Translations: having been defeated, having been overcome, having been vanquished, having been worsted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'hettaomai', meaning 'to be defeated' or 'to be overcome'. It describes someone or something that has experienced defeat or has been conquered. It is often used to indicate the state or condition of a subject after a battle, contest, or struggle, implying a passive experience of being overcome by an opposing force or influence.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΝΙΚΗΘΕΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΒΛΗΘΕΙΣ

G3163

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MA-khee

Translations: battle, fight, conflict, a battle, a fight, a conflict

Notes: This word refers to a physical combat or a struggle, often involving a clash of opposing forces. It can describe a literal battle or a more general conflict or dispute. It is used to denote an engagement between individuals or groups.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ, ΕΡΙΣ, ΑΓΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΗ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *magh-, meaning 'to be able, to have power, to fight'. It is related to words signifying strength or combat.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: kleh-oh-PAH-trahn

Translations: Cleopatra

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Cleopatra, a famous queen of ancient Egypt. It is used to identify a specific person and does not change its core meaning based on context, though its grammatical form changes depending on its role in a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name Cleopatra is of Greek origin, meaning 'glory of her father'. It is derived from the Greek words κλέος (kleos), meaning 'glory' or 'fame', and πατήρ (pater), meaning 'father'.

G4410

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ptoh-leh-MAH-ee-dah

Translations: Ptolemais

Notes: Ptolemais is the name of an ancient city, located on the coast of Phoenicia (modern-day Acre, Israel). It was a significant port city in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. It is used in sentences to refer to the city itself, often as a destination or location.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name Ptolemais is derived from the Greek personal name Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος), a common name among the Hellenistic kings of Egypt, particularly Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who refounded and renamed the city.

G1209

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: deh-KSA-meh-nays

Translations: receiving, having received, accepting, having accepted, welcoming, having welcomed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'dechomai', meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is ongoing. It indicates someone who is in the act of receiving or has already received something, or someone who is accepting or has accepted something. It can be used to modify a noun or pronoun, or to introduce a subordinate clause.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: The verb 'dechomai' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to take, accept'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of receiving or taking.

G0565

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ap-el-THOHN

Translations: having gone away, having departed, having gone, having left

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'aperchomai', meaning 'to go away' or 'to depart'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed, often functioning adverbially to modify the main verb in a sentence. It indicates that the subject has performed the action of going away before or concurrently with the action of the main verb.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΛΘΩΝ, ΥΠΑΓΩΝ

G0251

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-LIS-keh-tai

Translations: is caught, is taken, is captured, is overcome

Notes: This word is a verb in the passive voice, meaning 'to be caught,' 'to be taken,' 'to be captured,' or 'to be overcome.' It describes a state where the subject is acted upon, often in the context of being trapped, apprehended, or defeated. For example, a person might 'be caught' in a trap, or a city might 'be taken' by an army.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΙΑΖΕΤΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΕΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἁλίσκομαι (haliskomai) is the passive form of the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize.' It is related to the concept of being seized or captured.

G3958, G3804

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: pa-THOHN

Translations: suffering, having suffered, passions, affections, emotions, experiences, calamities, misfortunes

Notes: This word can function as a participle derived from the verb 'to suffer' (πάσχω), meaning 'having suffered' or 'suffering'. It can also be the genitive plural form of the noun 'πάθος' (pathos), referring to passions, emotions, or experiences, often with a negative connotation like sufferings or calamities. In context, it describes either someone who has undergone an experience or the experiences themselves.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle (Masculine Nominative Singular, Neuter Nominative/Accusative Singular) of ΠΑΣΧΩ; or Genitive Plural (Masculine or Neuter) of ΠΑΘΟΣ

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΑ, ΣΥΜΦΟΡΑΙ, ΠΕΙΡΑΙ

Etymology: The verb πάσχω (paschō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to suffer' or 'to feel'. The noun πάθος (pathos) is derived from this verb, referring to that which is suffered or experienced.

G3880

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: pa-ra-la-BOHN

Translations: having received, having taken, having taken along, having taken aside, having taken over, having taken possession of

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραλαμβάνω' (paralambanō), meaning 'to receive' or 'to take alongside'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It can imply taking something into one's possession, taking someone with oneself, or taking over a responsibility or role. The specific nuance depends on the context.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Masculine Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΒΩΝ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G4170

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: po-le-ME-san-tos

Translations: of having warred, of having fought, of one who warred, of one who fought

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having warred' or 'having fought'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject. In the genitive case, it often functions in a genitive absolute construction, indicating a circumstance or time when the main action of the sentence occurred, such as 'when he had warred' or 'after he had fought'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΓΩΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ

G1941

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ep-ee-klay-THEN-tos

Translations: having been called, having been named, having been surnamed, having been invoked

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epikaleō', meaning 'to call upon', 'to name', or 'to invoke'. In this form, it describes someone or something that has been called, named, or surnamed. It often refers to a person who has received a particular name or title, or to whom a name has been given.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΚΑΛΕΩ

G1311