2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G2068

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-ROO-mah-tohn

Translations: (of) fortifications, (of) strongholds, (of) bulwarks, (of) defenses

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'eryma', meaning a fortification, stronghold, or bulwark. It refers to a place or structure that provides defense or protection. In a sentence, it would typically indicate possession or origin, such as 'the strength of the fortifications' or 'from the strongholds'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΥΡΩΜΑΤΩΝ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΩΝ, ΤΕΙΧΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΕΡΥΜΑ (eryma) comes from the verb ἐρύω (eryō), meaning 'to draw, drag, pull', but also 'to protect, guard'. Thus, it refers to something drawn around for protection or a place of defense.

G0402

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-ekh-OH-ray-sen

Translations: withdrew, departed, went away, retired, returned

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to make room, go, proceed'. Together, it means to withdraw, depart, or go back from a place or person. It is often used to describe someone leaving a location, either to retreat, to go to a private place, or simply to move away.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΧΩΡΕΩ, ὙΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναχωρέω is a compound of ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to make room, go, proceed'. The root χωρέω comes from χῶρος (chōros), meaning 'space' or 'place'.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GO-meh-non

Translations: being said, being spoken, being called, being named, what is said, what is spoken, a thing said, a thing spoken

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' (lego), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is in the process of being said, spoken, or called. It can refer to a statement, a saying, or something that is being referred to or named.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΝ, ΦΑΜΕΝΟΝ

G0618

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-lah-BOHN

Translations: receiving, having received, taking back, recovering, getting back, obtaining, enjoying

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'apolambanō', meaning to receive, take back, or recover. It often implies receiving something that is due or expected, or taking something back that was previously given or lost. It can also mean to obtain or enjoy something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject of the main verb, often indicating a preceding or simultaneous action.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Masculine Singular

Synonyms: LAMBANŌ, DECHOMAI, KOMIZŌ

Etymology: The word ἀπολαμβάνω (apolambanō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. The prefix ἀπό often intensifies the action or indicates separation or completion.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G3961

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAH-tree-on

Translations: ancestral, hereditary, traditional, of the fathers, customary

Notes: This word describes something that belongs to or is inherited from one's fathers or ancestors. It refers to customs, laws, or traditions that have been passed down through generations. It can be used to describe anything that is characteristic of one's heritage or lineage.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΑΤΡΩΟΣ, ΠΑΤΡΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word πατήρ (patēr), meaning 'father', combined with the suffix -ιον, indicating belonging or relation.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-roh-SY-neen

Translations: high priesthood, office of high priest

Notes: This word refers to the office or position of a high priest. It is a compound word, combining 'ἈΡΧΙ' (archi), meaning 'chief' or 'principal', with 'ΙΕΡΩΣΥΝΗ' (hierosyne), meaning 'priesthood'. It describes the state or function of being a high priest, often in a religious or ceremonial context.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word ἈΡΧΙΕΡΩΣΥΝΗ (archierōsynē) is derived from the combination of the prefix ἈΡΧΙ- (archi-), meaning 'chief' or 'principal', and the noun ΙΕΡΩΣΥΝΗ (hierōsynē), meaning 'priesthood'.

G2378

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thy-SEE-aiss

Translations: sacrifices, offerings, by sacrifices, by offerings, with sacrifices, with offerings

Notes: This word refers to an act of offering something, often an animal or other valuable item, to a deity as a form of worship, appeasement, or atonement. It is commonly used in religious contexts to describe the ritualistic giving of gifts to God or gods. In a sentence, it would typically appear as the object of a verb or as part of a prepositional phrase indicating the means or instrument of an action.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΟΡΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ

G3936

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pah-rah-stee-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having presented, having stood by, having brought forward, having shown, having offered

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle, meaning 'having presented oneself' or 'having caused to stand by/before'. It describes an action completed in the past, with the subject performing the action for themselves or on their own behalf. It is often used to indicate that someone has brought someone or something into the presence of another, or has made something available or evident.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Middle, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΑΓΑΓΩΝ, ΕΠΙΔΕΙΞΑΣ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩΝ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G1807

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-strah-TEH-oo-sen

Translations: marched out, went on an expedition, went to war

Notes: This word describes the action of leading an army out, or going forth on a military expedition or campaign. It implies a movement of troops for the purpose of war or conquest. It is typically used in historical or military contexts to describe a king or general setting out with their forces.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix ἐκ- (ek-), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and στρατεύω (strateuō), meaning 'to make war' or 'to serve in the army'. The root στρατεύω comes from στρατός (stratos), meaning 'army' or 'encampment'.

G4316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-bal-OHN

Translations: having attacked, having assaulted, having thrown against, having applied, having brought to bear

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb προσβάλλω (prosballō). It describes an action that has been completed in the past, often indicating the subject 'having done' something. It is a compound word formed from πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw'. Therefore, it literally means 'to throw towards' or 'to throw against'. In a military context, it refers to launching an attack or assault. It can also mean to apply something, or to bring something to bear upon another.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΦΟΔΕΥΩ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word προσβάλλω (prosballō) is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, toward, against', and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw, cast'. Its meaning developed from the literal sense of 'throwing towards' to 'attacking' or 'applying'.

G5563

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kho-REE-oh

Translations: to a place, in a place, to a field, in a field, to a piece of land, in a piece of land

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'χωρίον' (chōrion), meaning 'place,' 'field,' or 'piece of land.' It indicates the location 'to' or 'in' which an action occurs, or 'at' a certain place. It is often used to refer to specific plots of ground or areas.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'χωρίον' (chōrion) is a diminutive of 'χῶρος' (chōros), meaning 'place' or 'space.' It refers to a smaller, more specific area or plot of land.

G0243

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-loys

Translations: to others, for others, with others, other, another

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'with'. It is a common word used to distinguish one group or item from another.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G4012, G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-EEN

Translations: was superior, was left over, was remaining, was in excess, was beyond, was around, was about

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'περί' (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb 'εἰμί' (eimi), meaning 'to be'. The combination 'περιείμι' (perieimi) can mean 'to be around', 'to be superior to', 'to survive', or 'to be left over'. In the provided context, it often conveys the sense of being superior, excelling, or remaining/surviving. It describes a state of being in relation to something else, often indicating an advantage or a surplus.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΩ, ΥΠΟΛΕΙΠΟΜΑΙ

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G3628

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OYK-toh

Translations: (to) pity, (to) compassion, (to) mercy

Notes: This word refers to pity, compassion, or mercy. It is used to describe a feeling of deep sympathy for someone who is suffering, often accompanied by a desire to help. In the provided context, it appears in the dative case, indicating 'to pity' or 'with pity'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΛΕΟΣ, ΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΑ

Etymology: The word οἶκτος (oiktos) comes from the verb οἰκτίρω (oiktirō), meaning 'to pity' or 'to have compassion'. It is related to the idea of lamentation or wailing, suggesting a deep emotional response to suffering.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G0321

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-GAH-gohn

Translations: leading up, bringing up, taking up, restoring, offering up

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb ἀνάγω (anago), meaning 'to lead up,' 'to bring up,' or 'to take up.' It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again,' and ἄγω (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring.' It is often used in contexts of bringing people or things out of a lower place to a higher one, or out of a state of bondage or difficulty to freedom or safety. It can also refer to offering sacrifices 'up' to God.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΝΕΝΕΓΚΩΝ, ἈΝΕΒΙΒΑΣΕΝ, ἈΝΗΓΑΓΕΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, 'up, again') + ἄγω (ágō, 'to lead, to bring').

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-POP-too

Translations: (of) out of sight, (of) unseen, (of) invisible

Notes: This word describes something that is out of sight, unseen, or invisible. It is used to indicate a position or state where something cannot be perceived visually. For example, it might describe a hidden object or a person who has vanished from view. It is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the root ὀπτός (optos), meaning 'seen' or 'visible'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΟΡΑΤΟΣ, ΑΦΑΝΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΟΠΤΟΣ is derived from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verbal adjective ὀπτός (optos), meaning 'seen' or 'visible', which comes from the verb ὄπτομαι (optomai), 'to see'.

G0000

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-KEE-zeh-toh

Translations: was torturing, was tormenting, was abusing, was ill-treating, was scourging

Notes: This word describes the act of torturing, tormenting, or ill-treating someone. It is used to indicate a continuous or repeated action in the past, often implying a process of inflicting pain or abuse. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He was torturing the prisoners' or 'They were being tormented by their captors.'

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΑΝΙΖΩ, ΤΙΜΩΡΕΩ, ΚΑΚΟΠΟΙΕΩ

G2657

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-krem-NEE-sin

Translations: to cast down headlong, to throw down, to hurl down

Notes: This verb describes the action of throwing or casting something or someone down from a height, often implying a violent or forceful descent. It is a compound word formed from κατά (kata), meaning 'down', and κρημνίζω (krēmnizō), meaning 'to cast down from a cliff' or 'to precipitate'. It is used to describe actions like pushing someone off a cliff or a wall.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΚΡΗΜΝΙΖΩ is a compound verb derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb κρημνίζω (krēmnizō), which means 'to cast down from a cliff' or 'to precipitate'. The root κρημνίζω itself comes from κρημνός (krēmnos), meaning 'precipice' or 'cliff'.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G0868

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-phis-TAH-meh-noo

Translations: (of) departing, (of) withdrawing, (of) revolting, (of) falling away, (of) standing off

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'aphistēmi', meaning 'to stand off from', 'to withdraw', 'to depart', 'to revolt', or 'to fall away'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state. In this genitive form, it often indicates the one who is performing the action of departing or falling away, or it can be used in a genitive absolute construction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ, ἈΦΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'aphistēmi' is a compound word formed from 'apo' (ἀπό), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and 'histēmi' (ἵστημι), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. Thus, its core meaning is 'to stand away from'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G4147

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: poh-lee-or-KEE-as

Translations: of a siege, of a blockade

Notes: This word refers to the act of besieging a city or fortress, or the state of being under siege. It describes the military operation where an army surrounds a place to cut off supplies and force its surrender. In the provided context, it refers to the duration or process of a siege.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΗΣΙΣ, ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΙΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound derived from the Greek words πόλις (polis), meaning 'city', and ἕρκος (herkos), meaning 'fence' or 'enclosure', referring to the act of enclosing a city.

G0546

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-PEI-lei

Translations: he was threatening, he threatened, he was menacing, he menaced

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἀπειλέω' (apeileō). It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, or an action that began in the past and continued for some time. It means 'he was threatening' or 'he threatened', indicating a past act of expressing an intention to harm or punish someone.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΕΩ, ΑΠΕΙΛΗ

G3745

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: OH-son

Translations: as much as, as many as, as great as, how much, how many, how great, as far as, as long as, as soon as, as

Notes: This word is a relative adjective or pronominal adjective, meaning 'as much as' or 'as many as'. It is often used to indicate quantity, extent, or degree. When used as an adverb, it can mean 'as far as', 'as long as', or 'as soon as'. It can introduce a clause that specifies a measure or comparison. For example, 'as much as you want' or 'as many people as there are'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΠΟΣΟΣ, ΗΛΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun *ho* (the) and the suffix -sos, indicating quantity or measure. It is related to ὅς (hos, 'who, which') and τοσοῦτος (tosoutos, 'so great, so much').

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G1775

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: en-DOY-ah

Translations: doubt, hesitation, a doubt, a hesitation

Notes: This word refers to a state of doubt or hesitation, a wavering of the mind. It describes a lack of certainty or a feeling of indecision. It is used to express uncertainty or a reluctance to act due to lack of conviction.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΜΦΙΒΟΛΙΑ, ΔΙΨΥΧΙΑ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐν (en, 'in') and the noun δόος (doos, 'fear, dread'), related to δέος (deos, 'fear'). It literally means 'in fear' or 'in dread', evolving to signify inner hesitation or doubt.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G0139

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hah-EE-reh-sin

Translations: choice, a choice, selection, a selection, party, a party, sect, a sect, heresy, a heresy, division, a division

Notes: This word refers to a choice or a selection. It can also denote a group of people who have made a particular choice or hold a specific set of beliefs, thus forming a party, sect, or even a heresy. In some contexts, it can imply a division or faction. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΓΜΑ, ΣΧΙΣΜΑ, ΔΙΑΙΡΕΣΙΣ

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G4710

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: spoo-DEHS

Translations: (of) diligence, (of) haste, (of) earnestness, (of) zeal, (of) eagerness

Notes: This word refers to a state of earnestness, diligence, or eagerness. It can also denote speed or haste in action. It is used to describe the quality of being diligent or the act of doing something quickly and with great effort.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΑΧΟΣ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ, ΖΗΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word σπουδή (spoudē) is derived from the verb σπεύδω (speudō), meaning 'to hasten' or 'to be eager'. It refers to the quality of being quick or earnest in action.

G5118

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: toh-SOO-toh

Translations: so great, so much, so large, so far, to such an extent, a thing so great

Notes: This word is an adjective that indicates a quantity, degree, or extent. It means 'so great' or 'so much' and is used to emphasize the magnitude of something. It can also be used adverbially to mean 'to such an extent' or 'so far'. For example, it might describe how much something has grown or how far a situation has progressed.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΟΣΟΣ, ΤΗΛΙΚΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ is derived from the demonstrative pronoun ΤΟΣΟΣ (meaning 'so much, so great') combined with the suffix -ΟΥΤΟΣ, which intensifies the demonstrative meaning.

G5483

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHA-ri-ZES-thai

Translations: to give freely, to forgive, to grant, to show favor, to bestow, to pardon

Notes: This verb means to give something freely, to show favor or kindness, to grant a request, or to forgive someone. It implies an act of grace or generosity. It can be used in contexts of pardoning sins, granting a gift, or showing favor to someone.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΔΩΡΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From χάρις (charis), meaning 'grace' or 'favor'. The verb means to act with grace or to bestow grace.

G5384

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PHIL-tah-toyce

Translations: (to) the dearest, (to) the most beloved, (to) the most friendly

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the superlative adjective 'φίλτατος' (philtatos), meaning 'dearest' or 'most beloved'. It is derived from 'φίλος' (philos), meaning 'dear' or 'friend'. It is used to refer to people or things that are held in the highest affection or esteem, often translated as 'dearest ones' or 'most beloved ones' when referring to people. As a dative case, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' the dearest.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter, Superlative

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΠΗΤΟΙΣ, ΠΡΟΣΦΙΛΕΣΤΑΤΟΙΣ

Etymology: The root word 'φίλος' (philos) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to concepts of love, friendship, and affection.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G1590

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-EH-loo-eh

Translations: he was releasing, he was loosening, he was weakening, he was exhausting, he was fainting, he was giving up

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb ἐκλύω (eklyō). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can mean to release, loosen, unbind, or to cause someone or something to become weak, exhausted, or to faint. In some contexts, it can also mean to give up or lose heart.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΝΙΗΜΙ, ΧΑΛΑΩ, ΑΠΟΛΥΩ

Etymology: The word ἐκλύω is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb λύω (lyō), meaning 'to loosen' or 'to release'.

G4289

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pro-THOO-mon

Translations: eager, willing, ready, zealous, a willing thing, a ready thing

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is eager, willing, or ready to do something. It implies a cheerful and prompt disposition towards an action or task. It can be used to describe a person's attitude or a quality of something.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΟΣ, ΠΡΟΘΥΜΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΘΥΜΟΣ (prothumos) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward,' and θυμός (thumos), meaning 'passion,' 'spirit,' or 'mind.' Thus, it literally means 'forward-minded' or 'eager-spirited,' conveying the sense of readiness and willingness.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G3305

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN-toy

Translations: however, certainly, indeed, nevertheless, yet, truly

Notes: ΜΕΝΤΟΙ is a particle used to introduce a strong contrast or to emphasize a statement. It often means 'however' or 'nevertheless' when introducing a contrasting idea, or 'certainly' or 'indeed' when adding emphasis to a preceding statement. It can be used to affirm something strongly or to mark a transition to a more important or contrasting point.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΔΕ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: From the particle μέν (men) meaning 'on the one hand' or 'indeed', and τοι (toi) meaning 'surely' or 'indeed'. It combines these elements to form a stronger emphatic or adversative particle.

G3715

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: o-REH-goo-sah

Translations: reaching out, stretching out, extending, longing for, aspiring to

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'reaching out' or 'stretching out'. It describes an action that is ongoing or continuous. It can be used to describe someone physically extending their hand or body, or metaphorically, someone longing for or aspiring to something. It often implies an earnest desire or effort towards a goal.

Inflection: Singular, Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΠΡΟΤΕΙΝΩ

G2428

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-keh-TEH-yoo-eh

Translations: beseech, implore, supplicate, entreat

Notes: This word means to beg, implore, or supplicate someone earnestly. It is used when someone makes a humble and urgent request, often with a sense of desperation or deep need. It can be used in various contexts where a person is pleading for help, mercy, or a favor.

Inflection: Present Active Imperative, 2nd Person Singular; or Present Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΩ, ΑΙΤΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἱκετεύω (hiketeuō) is derived from ἱκέτης (hiketēs), meaning 'suppliant' or 'petitioner'. It refers to the act of a suppliant seeking protection or favor.

G3129

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mah-lah-KEE-zeh-sthai

Translations: to be soft, to be effeminate, to become weak, to lose courage, to be cowardly

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to become soft, weak, or effeminate. It can refer to a physical state of weakness or, more commonly, a moral or psychological state of lacking courage, becoming cowardly, or being indecisive. It implies a failure to be firm or resolute, often in the face of difficulty or danger.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΛΙΑΖΩ, ΑΝΑΝΔΡΙΖΩ, ΕΚΛΥΟΜΑΙ

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loo

Translations: much, many, great, greatly, often, a lot

Notes: This word is commonly used to indicate a large quantity, degree, or frequency. As an adverb, it means 'much,' 'greatly,' or 'often,' modifying verbs or adjectives. As an adjective, it means 'much' (for singular nouns) or 'many' (for plural nouns), describing the quantity of something. It can also mean 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΛΑ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is a very common word across various Indo-European languages.

G4119

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PLEH-on

Translations: more, a greater amount, a greater number, further, moreover, besides

Notes: This word signifies 'more' or 'greater' and can function as both an adjective and an adverb. As an adjective, it describes a larger quantity or degree of something. As an adverb, it indicates an increase in action or extent, often translated as 'further' or 'moreover'. It is the neuter singular form of the adjective 'πλέων'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΜΑΛΛΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'πλέων' (pleōn) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to fill' or 'full'. It is related to words signifying abundance or completion.

G3709

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: or-GAY

Translations: wrath, anger, indignation, a wrath, an anger

Notes: This word refers to a strong, often violent, emotion of displeasure or indignation. It can describe human anger, but is frequently used in a theological context to refer to God's righteous wrath against sin. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΣ, ΧΟΛΗ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *werg- meaning 'to work, to do'. The word originally referred to an 'impulse' or 'disposition', which then developed into the meaning of 'anger' or 'wrath' as an internal working or agitation.

G5530

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: khro-MEH-non

Translations: using, employing, having used, having employed, a user, an employer

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of using or employing something. It often takes a dative object, indicating what is being used. For example, 'using a tool' or 'employing a strategy'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Accusative, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΧΩΝ, ΚΕΧΡΗΜΕΝΟΣ

G4704

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: spoo-DAH-sai

Translations: to be diligent, to make haste, to strive, to endeavor, to be eager, to give diligence, to do one's best

Notes: This word describes the act of being diligent, making an effort, or striving to achieve something. It conveys a sense of earnestness and eagerness in one's actions. It can be used to express the need to act quickly or to apply oneself with zeal to a task.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive or Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΡΤΙΖΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

G5561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kho-REE-on

Translations: field, a field, piece of land, a piece of land, place, a place, region, a region, country, a country, village, a village

Notes: This word refers to a specific piece of land, a field, or a defined area. It can also denote a region, country, or even a village. It is often used to describe a plot of ground, especially one used for agriculture or as a dwelling place.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΡΟΣ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΚΩΜΗ

Etymology: ΧΩΡΙΟΝ is a diminutive of χῶρος (chōros), meaning 'place' or 'space'. Over time, it came to specifically denote a smaller, defined area, such as a field or a village.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: poy-EE-san-tah

Translations: having made, who made, the one who made, him who made, maker, doer

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having made' or 'who made'. It describes someone who has performed an action of making or doing. It functions like an adjective or a noun, often referring to 'the one who made' or 'the maker', and in this form, it is in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΝ, ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΗΣΑΝΤΑ

G2234

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: HEE-doon

Translations: to make sweet, to be sweet, to be pleasant, to be agreeable, to be delightful

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'hēdynō', meaning 'to make sweet' or 'to be sweet/pleasant'. It describes something that is delightful, agreeable, or pleasing. It can be used to describe actions, experiences, or qualities that bring joy or satisfaction.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular (from example 2) or Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural (from example 1), or Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular (from example 3). The form can be ambiguous without context, but it is a past tense form.

Synonyms: ΤΕΡΠΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΩ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TEH

Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves

Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G0090

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ai-KEE-as

Translations: of outrage, of insult, of abuse, of torture, of injury, of ill-treatment

Notes: This word refers to an act of outrage, insult, or ill-treatment, often involving physical abuse or torture. It describes a severe form of injury or harm inflicted upon someone. It is typically used in contexts describing suffering or mistreatment.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΥΒΡΙΣ, ΚΑΚΩΣΙΣ, ΒΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΑΙΚΙΑ (aikia) is derived from the verb αἰκίζω (aikizō), meaning 'to treat shamefully, to torture, to outrage'.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G1349

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DEE-kane

Translations: justice, a justice, judgment, a judgment, penalty, a penalty, punishment, a punishment, vengeance, a vengeance

Notes: This word refers to the concept of justice, both in the sense of what is right and fair, and in the sense of a legal judgment or the penalty imposed as a result of such a judgment. It can also denote the act of vengeance or retribution. It is often used in contexts relating to divine or human legal proceedings and their outcomes.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΡΙΜΑ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑ, ΕΚΔΙΚΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΚΗ (dikē) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to the verb δείκνυμι (deiknymi), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out', suggesting an original sense of 'that which is shown to be right' or 'that which is established'.

G5293

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-POS-khoy

Translations: to promise, to offer, to undertake, to guarantee

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ὑπισχνέομαι' (hypischneomai), which means 'to promise' or 'to offer'. It is a compound verb formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'in return for', and 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. In general usage, it describes the act of making a commitment or giving an assurance.

Inflection: Aorist, Optative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G3892

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-ra-no-MEE-as

Translations: of lawlessness, of iniquity, of transgression, of a lawlessness, of an iniquity, of a transgression

Notes: This word refers to the state or act of being without law, or acting contrary to law. It signifies lawlessness, iniquity, or transgression. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'contrary to', and 'νόμος' (nomos), meaning 'law'. It is used to describe actions or a state of being that goes against established laws, whether divine or human.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΑΔΙΚΙΑ, ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-OHN

Translations: doing, making, creating, producing, performing, a doer, a maker, the one who does, the one who makes

Notes: ΠΟΙΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb ΠΟΙΕΩ, meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is in the act of doing or making something. It can be translated as 'doing' or 'making' when used adjectivally, or as 'the one who does' or 'a doer' when used substantively.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩΝ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: po-LEH-mee-os

Translations: hostile, an enemy, the enemy

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'hostile' or 'at war', or as a noun meaning 'an enemy' or 'adversary'. It is derived from the word for 'war' (πόλεμος) and describes someone or something that is engaged in conflict or opposition. When used as a noun, it refers to an opponent in battle or a personal foe.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word πόλεμος (polemos) means 'war' or 'battle'. ΠΟΛΕΜΙΟΣ is derived from this root, indicating a relationship to war or conflict.

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOO-sees

Translations: of saying, of speaking, of telling, of one saying, of one speaking, of one telling

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say,' 'to speak,' or 'to tell.' As a genitive feminine singular participle, it describes the action of a female subject or a feminine noun in the genitive case. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of one who is saying' or 'of her who is speaking.'

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΣΗΣ, ΦΩΝΟΥΣΗΣ

G3730

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hor-MAY

Translations: impulse, a rush, a violent motion, a strong desire, a purpose, an onset, a violent attack

Notes: This word refers to a strong, sudden movement or impulse, often implying a violent or forceful action. It can describe a physical rush or charge, like an attack, or an inner drive or strong desire that propels someone to act. It is used to convey a sense of urgency, momentum, or a determined purpose.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΘΥΜΙΑ, ΒΙΑ, ΠΡΟΘΥΜΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'hormē' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- 'to flow, to rush'. It is related to the verb 'hormao' (to set in motion, to rush).

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LAM-bah-nen

Translations: was taking, he was taking, she was taking, it was taking, used to take, was receiving, he was receiving, she was receiving, it was receiving, used to receive

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'λαμβάνω', meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. The imperfect tense describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or an action that was in progress. Therefore, it indicates that someone or something 'was taking' or 'was receiving' something, or 'used to take/receive' something.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

G5432

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: phroo-REE-oo

Translations: of a garrison, of a fortress, of a stronghold, of a guard, of a prison

Notes: This word refers to a fortified place, such as a garrison, fortress, or stronghold, used for defense or as a place of confinement. It can also refer to the act of guarding or keeping watch. In the provided context, it clearly refers to a physical structure.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ, ΦΥΛΑΚΗ

Etymology: The word ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ (phrourion) comes from the verb φρουρέω (phroureō), meaning 'to guard' or 'to keep watch'.

G5180

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: TOOP-toh-meh-nane

Translations: being struck, being beaten, being smitten, a being struck, a being beaten, a being smitten

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'τύπτω' (typtō), meaning 'to strike' or 'to beat'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is currently happening to the subject. In this form, it indicates someone or something that is 'being struck' or 'being beaten'. It is often used to describe a person or thing undergoing physical punishment or assault.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΓΕΙΣΑΝ, ΠΑΤΑΣΣΟΜΕΝΗΝ

G1590

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-EL-yoo-eh-toh

Translations: he was being released, he was being set free, he was being weakened, he was fainting, he was growing weary, he was being exhausted

Notes: This word is the imperfect middle or passive indicative, third person singular, of the verb ἐκλύω (eklyō). It describes an ongoing action in the past where the subject was being released, set free, or was becoming weak, faint, or exhausted. It can be used to describe someone losing strength or courage, or literally being untied or set loose.

Inflection: Singular, 3rd Person, Imperfect, Middle or Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΩ, ΧΑΛΑΩ

Etymology: The word ἐκλύω (eklyō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from,' and the verb λύω (lyō), meaning 'to loose' or 'to release.'

G4238

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: PRAH-toh-meh-noys

Translations: (to) those doing, (to) those practicing, (to) those performing, (to) those accomplishing, (to) those acting

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'πράσσω' (prassō), meaning 'to do,' 'to practice,' 'to perform,' or 'to accomplish.' In this form, it refers to 'those who are doing' or 'those who are being done to,' depending on the context. It describes an ongoing action and is used here in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action or the recipient of something.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Present, Middle or Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΟΥΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ

G2276

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: HET-tohn

Translations: inferior, weaker, worse, less

Notes: This word is a comparative adjective meaning 'inferior,' 'weaker,' or 'worse.' It is used to describe something that is of lesser quality, strength, or value compared to something else. It often implies a disadvantage or a state of being overcome.

Inflection: Comparative, Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΣΣΩΝ, ΧΕΙΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἥττων (hēttōn) is the comparative form of the adjective ἧττον (hētton), meaning 'less' or 'worse.' Its origin is uncertain, but it is an ancient Greek word.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GHEE-neh-toh

Translations: was happening, was becoming, was done, came to pass, occurred

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect indicative middle/passive form of the verb γίνομαι (ginomai). It describes an action that was ongoing, repeated, or in progress in the past. It can mean 'it was happening,' 'it was becoming,' 'it was done,' or 'it came to pass,' depending on the context. It emphasizes the process or state of something coming into being or occurring over a period of time.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G1670

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: el-KO-meh-nes

Translations: of (one) being dragged, of (one) being drawn, of (one) being pulled, of (one) being led

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being dragged,' 'being drawn,' 'being pulled,' or 'being led.' It describes an action that is currently happening to the subject, indicating that the subject is receiving the action. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or like an adverb, describing the circumstances of an action.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present, Passive

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-noh

Translations: that, that one, that thing, the former

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It refers to something distant in space or time, or something previously mentioned in the discourse. It functions similarly to 'this' but indicates a greater distance or a distinction from something closer or more immediate. For example, it can be used to distinguish 'that house' from 'this house'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: From a combination of the demonstrative particle ἐκεῖ (there) and the pronominal suffix -νος. It refers to something 'over there' or 'that one there'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G4819

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-BAH-ee-neh

Translations: it happens, it occurs, it comes to pass, it befalls, it results

Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it happens' or 'it occurs'. It describes an event or situation that takes place, often without a specific agent. It can be used to indicate that something comes to pass or results from a previous action or circumstance.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΒΑΙΝΩ (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Thus, it literally means 'to go together' or 'to come together', leading to the sense of 'to happen' or 'to occur'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G0447

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-ne-THEYS

Translations: having relaxed, having let go, having loosened, having given up, having released, having ceased

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ἀνίημι (aníēmi), which means 'to send up, let go, relax, release, give up, or cease'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It is often used to indicate a state of relaxation, cessation, or abandonment of an action or effort. For example, it could describe someone who has 'relaxed' their grip, 'given up' a pursuit, or 'ceased' from an activity.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ΧΑΛΑΩ, ΛΥΩ

G1384

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: DRA-sas

Translations: having done, having performed, having acted

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'δράω' (draō), meaning 'to do' or 'to act'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who has completed an action. It indicates a past action that has been finished by the subject.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΗΣΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word δράω (draō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do' or 'to act'. It is related to other Greek words concerning action and work.

G5361

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fee-lah-DEL-feh-ohn

Translations: of brothers, of brethren, of those who love their brothers, of those who love their fellow believers

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'φιλάδελφος' (philadelphos), meaning 'loving brothers' or 'brotherly'. It is a compound word formed from 'φίλος' (philos), meaning 'loved, dear, friendly', and 'ἀδελφός' (adelphos), meaning 'brother'. In its plural form, it refers to a group of people who exhibit brotherly love or affection, often used in a spiritual sense to refer to fellow believers. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession or relationship, meaning 'of brothers' or 'of those who love their brothers'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΙ, ΣΥΝΑΔΕΛΦΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'φιλάδελφος' (philadelphos) is a compound of 'φίλος' (philos), meaning 'loved, dear, friendly', and 'ἀδελφός' (adelphos), meaning 'brother'. 'Φίλος' comes from a root meaning 'to love', and 'ἀδελφός' literally means 'from the same womb', derived from 'ἀ-' (a-, 'same') and 'δελφύς' (delphys, 'womb').

G2192

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EKH-ohn

Translations: having, holding, possessing, being in possession of

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like a verbal adjective, describing someone or something that is in the act of having or holding something. It can be translated as 'having' or 'one who has', and often introduces a clause explaining what someone possesses or is doing.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩΝ

Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to have'). It is a common verb in ancient Greek, with a wide range of meanings related to possession, state, and action.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: EHF

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by

Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.

Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G1688

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-EH-bal-en

Translations: he threw in, he cast in, he put in, he poured in, he inserted

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to throw in', 'to cast in', or 'to put in'. It describes the action of placing something inside another thing, often with force or intention. It is typically used in a past tense context, indicating an action that was completed.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΜΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΙΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἘΜΒΑΛΛΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἘΝ (en), meaning 'in' or 'into', and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'.

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-toh

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, before, at the first, in the first

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'first' or 'foremost'. It is used to indicate something that is initial in time, order, or importance. In the dative case, as seen here, it often translates to 'at the first' or 'in the first' when referring to a time or place, or 'to the first' when indicating direction or recipient.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-, meaning 'forward' or 'through'. It is the superlative form of 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G3648

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oh-lym-PEE-ah-dee

Translations: (to) Olympiad, (for) Olympiad, (in) an Olympiad, (to) a period of four years

Notes: This word refers to an Olympiad, which is a period of four years, especially as reckoned from the celebration of the Olympic games. In the dative case, as seen here, it indicates the time when something occurred or the recipient of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'in'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The word derives from the Greek word Ὄλυμπος (Olympus), referring to Mount Olympus, the site of the ancient Olympic Games. It came to denote the four-year period between these games.

G1835

Part of Speech: Adjective, Numeral

Sounds like: ex-ay-KOS-tay

Translations: sixtieth, a sixtieth

Notes: This word is an ordinal numeral, meaning 'sixtieth'. It is used to indicate position in a sequence, similar to how 'first', 'second', or 'third' are used in English. As an adjective, it will agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The word derives from the cardinal number 'ΕΞΗΚΟΝΤΑ' (hexēkonta), meaning 'sixty'. It is formed by adding the ordinal suffix to the root of the cardinal number.

G1208

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: dehf-TEH-rah

Translations: second, a second, the second

Notes: This word means 'second' and is the feminine singular form of the adjective 'δεύτερος'. It can be used to describe something as being in the second position or order. It is often used substantively, meaning 'the second one' (referring to a feminine noun) or 'the second thing'. It can also refer to the second day of the week, Monday.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'δευτέρα' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to follow' or 'to yield'. It is related to the concept of being next in sequence.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: day-OH-sas

Translations: having ravaged, having devastated, having laid waste, having plundered

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb δηόω (dēoō), meaning 'to ravage' or 'to lay waste'. As a participle, it describes an action completed in the past by the subject of the main verb, often translated as 'having done X'. It indicates a destructive action, such as plundering or devastating a region.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΟΡΘΗΣΑΣ, ΕΡΗΜΩΣΑΣ, ΛΗΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G1457

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-EK-lee-seh

Translations: he enclosed, he shut in, he confined, he imprisoned

Notes: This word describes the action of enclosing, shutting in, or confining something or someone. It is used to indicate that a person or object has been placed within a boundary or a closed space, often implying a sense of being trapped or restricted. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐν' (in) and 'κλείω' (to shut).

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΙΩ, ΣΥΓΚΛΕΙΩ, ΠΕΡΙΚΛΕΙΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΓΚΛΕΙΩ (enkliō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'within,' and the verb κλείω (kleiō), meaning 'to shut' or 'to close.' It signifies the action of shutting something in or enclosing it.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G0408

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-noo-seh

Translations: accomplished, achieved, finished, completed, brought to an end, performed

Notes: This word means to accomplish, achieve, or bring to an end. It describes the successful completion of a task or goal. In the provided examples, it is often used with a negative, meaning 'accomplished nothing' or 'made no progress'. It is a verb that indicates the successful execution or conclusion of an action.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΕΡΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΤΕΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἀνύω (anúō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to ἄνω (ánō, 'upwards') or ἄνυμι (ánymi, 'to accomplish').

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-ton

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: okh-yoo-ROH-tah-tah

Translations: strength, a strength, security, a security, firmness, a firmness, stronghold, a stronghold, fortification, a fortification

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being strong, secure, or fortified. It describes the state of a place or structure that is difficult to attack or overcome, emphasizing its defensive capabilities or inherent stability. It can be used to describe the strength of a building, a defensive position, or even a concept like security.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ὈΧΥΡΩΜΑ, ἈΣΦΑΛΕΙΑ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ὈΧΥΡΟΤΗΤΑ' is derived from the adjective 'ὈΧΥΡΟΣ' (ochyros), meaning 'firm, strong, secure'. It is formed by adding the suffix '-της' (-tēs), which denotes a quality or state, to the root adjective.

G4164

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: em-po-lee-or-koo-MEH-non

Translations: being besieged, those being besieged, of those being besieged

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being besieged' or 'those who are being besieged'. It describes someone or something that is currently under siege. In the genitive plural, it often functions as 'of those being besieged' or 'of the besieged ones', indicating possession or relationship.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΚΥΚΛΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΠΕΡΙΚΛΕΙΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G3376, G3378

Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: MAYN

Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly

Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.

Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ

Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.

G639

G3588, G3739, G3778, G5101

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-po-REE-an

Translations: perplexity, a perplexity, distress, a distress, difficulty, a difficulty, embarrassment, an embarrassment, want, a want, lack, a lack

Notes: This word refers to a state of being at a loss, without resources, or in a difficult situation. It can describe a lack of means, a state of perplexity, or a feeling of being stuck without a way forward. It is often used to describe a situation of distress or a problem that is hard to solve.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΡΙΑ, ΑΜΗΧΑΝΙΑ, ΔΥΣΚΟΛΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΟΡΙΑ (aporia) comes from the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and πόρος (poros), meaning 'passage', 'way', or 'resource'. Thus, it literally means 'no way' or 'without passage/resource'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: HAYS

Translations: (of) the, (of) who, (of) which, (of) this, (of) that, (of) what

Notes: The word "ΗΣ" is a versatile form in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as the genitive singular for masculine and feminine nouns. It can be the genitive singular of the definite article 'the', indicating possession or relationship. It can also be the genitive singular of the relative pronoun 'who/which', connecting clauses, or the demonstrative pronoun 'this/that', pointing to something specific. Additionally, it can be the genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun 'what/who', used in questions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

G2702

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-nekh-THEIS

Translations: brought down, carried down, fell upon, rushed upon, cast down, thrown down, weighed down

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καταφέρω' (katapherō), meaning 'to bring down' or 'to carry down'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, indicating someone or something that has been brought down, fallen upon, or rushed upon. It can also imply being weighed down or overcome by something. In the provided examples, it describes someone falling or rushing upon another, or being weighed down by a burden.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΒΑΡΥΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'καταφέρω' (katapherō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb 'φέρω' (pherō), meaning 'to bear', 'to carry', or 'to bring'.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loos

Translations: much, many, great, a great deal, a great many

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. For example, it can refer to a large crowd of people or a significant amount of something. It can also be used to describe something as 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G3313

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MEH-ross

Translations: part, a part, share, a share, portion, a portion, region, a region, side, a side

Notes: This word refers to a part, share, or portion of something. It can also denote a region or a side. It is commonly used to indicate a division or segment of a whole, or a specific area or direction.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΤΜΗΜΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *smer- 'to allot, assign'. It is related to the verb μείρομαι (meiromai), meaning 'to receive one's share'.

G4846

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-BAH-ee-nen

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it occurred, it resulted, it turned out, it befell

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (together with) and the verb ΒΑΙΝΩ (to go). It means 'to go together with' or 'to come together', and by extension, 'to happen', 'to occur', or 'to turn out'. It describes an event or outcome that takes place, often implying a natural or logical consequence. It is frequently used impersonally, as in 'it happened that...' or 'it came to pass that...'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΒΑΙΝΩ (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Its meaning evolved from 'to go together' to 'to come to pass' or 'to happen'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: it, itself, the same

Notes: This word is a versatile pronoun and adjective. As a pronoun, it typically means 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' or 'they,' depending on its gender and number. When used as an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or serve as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the noun it modifies, such as 'himself,' 'herself,' 'itself,' or 'themselves.' Its meaning is highly dependent on its grammatical case, number, and gender within a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: This word is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'that, that one.' It developed into the Greek pronoun and adjective 'autos,' retaining its core sense of identity or self.

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-PEH-don

Translations: flat, level, even, a plain, a level surface, a flat area

Notes: This word describes something that is flat or level. As an adjective, it can modify a noun to indicate its flatness. As a noun, it refers to a flat or level area, such as a plain or a surface without elevation changes. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, on) and 'πέδον' (ground, plain).

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΜΑΛΟΣ, ΙΣΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἐπίπεδος is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the noun πέδον (pedon), meaning 'ground' or 'plain'. It literally means 'on the ground' or 'level with the ground', hence 'flat' or 'level'.

G0450

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nas-TAY-sas

Translations: having raised, having stood up, having caused to rise, having restored, having built, having set up

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb ἀνίστημι (anistēmi). It describes an action that has been completed in the past, indicating that the subject has performed the action of raising, standing up, or causing something to rise. It can refer to raising someone from the dead, causing a building or monument to be erected, or simply standing up oneself. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb in the sentence.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΑΣ, ΟΡΘΩΣΑΣ, ΑΝΟΡΘΩΣΑΣ

G5150

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: tree-OH-roh-foos

Translations: three-storied, three-decked, three-tiered

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'three-storied' or 'having three stories/decks'. It is a compound word formed from 'τρίς' (tris), meaning 'thrice' or 'three times', and 'ὄροφος' (orophos), meaning 'roof' or 'story'. It is used to describe buildings or structures that have three levels or floors.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Etymology: The word ΤΡΙΩΡΟΦΟΣ is a compound of the Greek prefix τρι- (tri-), meaning 'three', and ὄροφος (orophos), meaning 'roof' or 'story/floor'. The prefix τρι- comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *treyes, meaning 'three'. ὄροφος is related to ἐρέφω (erephō), 'to cover with a roof'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: oh-SEE-meh-rai

Translations: daily, day by day, every day

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'daily' or 'every day'. It is used to describe actions or events that occur on a regular, day-to-day basis. For example, one might say 'he goes to the market daily' or 'they learn something new every day'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘ' ΗΜΕΡΑΝ, ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΑΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the Greek words ὅσος (hosos), meaning 'as much as', and ἡμέρα (hēmera), meaning 'day'. It literally means 'as much as a day' or 'every day'.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-ee-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having made, having done, having produced, having performed, having created, having appointed, having caused

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In this form, it indicates an action performed by the subject for themselves or in their own interest (middle voice). It can be translated as 'having made' or 'having done', often implying the completion of an action that leads to a subsequent event.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G5080

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: teh-MOH-meh-nos

Translations: having cut, having been cut, having divided, having severed, having mutilated

Notes: This word is a perfect middle/passive participle, indicating an action that has been completed and whose result is still present. In the middle voice, it means 'having cut for oneself' or 'having caused oneself to be cut'. In the passive voice, it means 'having been cut'. It is often used to describe the act of cutting, dividing, or severing something, or even mutilating.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Participle, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΚΟΠΤΩ, ΣΧΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΙΡΕΩ

G0658

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-TEH-khee-sen

Translations: he fortified against, he walled off, he blockaded, he cut off by a wall

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from ἀπό (apo, meaning 'from' or 'away from') and τειχίζω (teichizō, meaning 'to wall' or 'to fortify'). It means to fortify against, to wall off, or to blockade, often implying the act of cutting off or isolating someone or something by means of a wall or fortification. It describes an action completed in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΩ, ΠΕΡΙΦΡΑΣΣΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ek-DRO-mas

Translations: sally, raid, sortie, an attack, an incursion

Notes: This word refers to a sally or a raid, specifically a sudden military movement or an incursion, often involving running out from a fortified position to attack. It describes the act of rushing forth or making an aggressive sortie.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΔΡΟΜΗ, ΕΞΟΔΟΣ, ΟΡΜΗ

Etymology: The word is derived from the prefix ἘΚ- (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and ΔΡΟΜΟΣ (dromos), meaning 'a running' or 'a course'. Thus, it literally means 'a running out'.

G0000

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-tep-i-no-OON-tes

Translations: contriving against, devising against, planning against, plotting against

Notes: This word is a compound verb, combining 'ἀντί' (anti, against), 'ἐπί' (epi, upon/in addition), and 'νοέω' (noeo, to perceive, think, intend). It describes the act of thinking or devising a plan in opposition to someone or something, often with a hostile or counter-strategic intent. It implies a mental effort to counteract or outmaneuver an opponent.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΒΟΥΛΕΥΟΝΤΕΣ, ΜΗΧΑΝΩΜΕΝΟΙ

G0893

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-foo-LAK-toys

Translations: unprotected, unguarded, unwatched, undefended, to the unprotected, to the unguarded

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is without protection, not guarded, or unwatched. It implies a state of vulnerability or being exposed to danger due to a lack of defense or oversight. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀ-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and 'φυλακτός' (phylaktos), meaning 'guarded' or 'protected'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΕΥΤΟΣ, ΑΝΕΠΙΒΟΥΛΕΥΤΟΣ

G4363

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-PEH-soy-en

Translations: they might fall upon, they might fall down before, they might prostrate themselves, they might encounter

Notes: This word describes the action of falling upon something or someone, often with the implication of prostration, supplication, or a forceful encounter. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΠΙΠΤΩ (piptō), meaning 'to fall'. Thus, it literally means 'to fall towards' or 'to fall upon'. It can be used to describe someone falling down in worship or respect, or an army falling upon an enemy.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist Optative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ, ΕΜΠΙΠΤΩ

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

G0143

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ahee-STHOH-meh-nohn

Translations: of perceiving, of understanding, of noticing, of realizing, of sensing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'aisthanomai', meaning 'to perceive' or 'to understand'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state related to the main verb of a sentence. In this form, it indicates 'of those who are perceiving' or 'of those who have perceived', often implying a group of people who are sensing or realizing something.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter, Aorist, Middle

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΝΤΩΝ, ΣΥΝΙΕΝΤΩΝ

G0390

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-KHO-roon

Translations: they were withdrawing, they were departing, they were retiring, they were going away

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative third person plural form of the verb 'ἈΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action of withdrawing, departing, or going away, performed by a group of people in the past. It implies a movement away from a place or situation, often for safety, privacy, or to avoid conflict.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΧΩΡΕΩ

G1893

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.

G2657

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-no-EH-sen

Translations: he observed, he considered, he perceived, he understood, he noticed, he discerned

Notes: This word describes the act of observing something carefully, considering it deeply, or perceiving it with understanding. It implies a thorough mental process of taking something in and comprehending its nature or significance. It is often used to indicate a careful and thoughtful consideration of a situation or object.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

G4180

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: po-lee-an-throh-PEE-an

Translations: multitude of people, populousness, a multitude of people, a populousness

Notes: This word refers to a large number of people or a dense population. It is a compound word derived from 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'many' or 'much', and 'ἄνθρωπος' (anthropos), meaning 'man' or 'human'. It describes a state of being densely populated or having a great many inhabitants. In a sentence, it would describe a place or situation characterized by a large human presence.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ

G2039

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-TAY-dee-ohn

Translations: (of) necessities, (of) provisions, (of) supplies, (of) things necessary

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'suitable' or 'fit for use'. In its plural form, especially in the genitive case as seen here, it is often used substantively to refer to 'things that are necessary' or 'provisions' and 'supplies' for life, such as food or other essential items. It describes what is needed or appropriate for a particular purpose or situation.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΚΑΙΩΝ, ΧΡΕΙΑΣ, ΠΟΡΙΣΜΟΥ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb τηδέω (tēdeō), meaning 'to care for' or 'to provide'. It refers to what is suitable or provided for a purpose.

G5035

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: TA-khee-on

Translations: sooner, more quickly, more swiftly, quicker, swifter

Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'ταχύς' (swift, quick) or the adverb 'ταχέως' (quickly). It means 'sooner' or 'more quickly' and is used to indicate a greater degree of speed or promptness. It can function as an adverb modifying a verb, or as an adjective modifying a noun, meaning 'quicker' or 'swifter'.

Inflection: Comparative, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Comparative (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΘΑΣΣΟΝ, ΣΠΟΥΔΑΙΟΤΕΡΟΝ

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: may-DEH-nos

Translations: of no one, of nothing, of any, of anything

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the pronoun/adjective 'μηδείς' (mēdeis), meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, similar to 'of no one' or 'of nothing' in English. It can also function as an adjective meaning 'no' or 'not any', agreeing in case, number, and gender with the noun it modifies. It is used in negative clauses, often following a negative particle like 'μή' (mē).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝΟΣ, ΟΥΔΕΙΣ

G3634

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: OY-on

Translations: such as, of what kind, what sort of, as, like, a such thing, a what sort of thing

Notes: ΟΙΟΝ is the neuter singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΟΙΟΣ. It is used to introduce a comparison, meaning 'such as' or 'as', or to ask about the quality or nature of something, meaning 'of what kind' or 'what sort of'. It can also function as a demonstrative, referring to something of a specific kind.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΟΙΑ, ΟΙΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΟΙΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (this) or the interrogative pronoun ΤΙΣ (who, what).

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: gigh-NO-meh-noo

Translations: of becoming, of being, of happening, of coming into existence, of being born, of being made

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to be,' 'to happen,' 'to come into existence,' 'to be born,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing. In the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the subject/object of a verbal noun, translating as 'of (the one) becoming' or 'of (the thing) happening.'

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΥ, ΕΣΤΑΙ

G1544

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-EH-bah-len

Translations: he cast out, he threw out, he drove out, he sent out, he expelled

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb ἐκβάλλω (ekballō), which means to cast out, throw out, drive out, or send out. It describes the action of forcefully removing someone or something from a place, position, or state. It can be used in various contexts, such as expelling demons, sending out workers, or throwing something away.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΕΞΑΓΩ, ΕΚΠΕΜΠΩ

G0001

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ak-MAI-on

Translations: flourishing, in full bloom, in prime, at its peak, vigorous, strong, a flourishing thing, a thing in its prime

Notes: This word describes something that is at its peak, in its prime, or in full bloom. It conveys a sense of vigor, strength, and being at the most excellent or mature stage. It can be used to describe a person, a period of time, or even a state of affairs, indicating that it is at its most potent or effective point.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΝΘΗΡΟΣ, ΕΥΘΑΛΗΣ, ΕΥΡΩΣΤΟΣ

G3163

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MA-khee-mon

Translations: warlike, fit for battle, valiant, combative, fighting force, fighting men

Notes: This word describes something or someone as warlike, combative, or fit for battle. It can refer to individuals who are valiant in combat or, when used substantively (as a noun), to a collective group of fighting men or a fighting force. It is used to characterize those who are ready or able to engage in conflict.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΙΚΟΣ, ΑΝΔΡΕΙΟΣ, ΕΥΜΑΧΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΙΜΟΣ (machimos) is derived from the Koine Greek word ΜΑΧΗ (machē), meaning 'battle' or 'fight', and the suffix -ιμος (-imos), which indicates fitness or capability for something.

G3440

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G2722

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-TES-khen

Translations: held, he held, she held, it held, took possession of, he took possession of, she took possession of, it took possession of, restrained, he restrained, she restrained, it restrained, occupied, he occupied, she occupied, it occupied, possessed, he possessed, she possessed, it possessed, retained, he retained, she retained, it retained, seized, he seized, she seized, it seized

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'κατέχω' (katechō). It means 'he/she/it held,' 'took possession of,' 'restrained,' 'occupied,' 'possessed,' 'retained,' or 'seized.' It describes an action that occurred in the past and was completed. It can be used in various contexts, such as holding onto something, taking control of a place, or restraining someone.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'κατέχω' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold.' The combination implies holding down, holding fast, or holding against something.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G0623

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-lekh-THEN-tas

Translations: chosen, selected, picked out, those who were chosen, those who were selected

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb ἀπολέγω (apolegō), meaning 'to choose out' or 'to select'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that has been chosen or selected. In this form, it refers to 'those who have been chosen' or 'the selected ones'. It is often used to refer to a specific group of people who have been set apart for a particular purpose.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ἘΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ, ἘΚΛΕΓΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἀπολέγω (apolegō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to pick', 'to gather', or 'to say'. The combination conveys the sense of 'picking out from' or 'selecting away from a group'.

G1831

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-EL-thain

Translations: to go out, to come out, to depart, to exit

Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'exerchomai', meaning 'to go out' or 'to come out'. It is a compound verb formed from 'ek' (out of) and 'erchomai' (to come/go). It describes the action of moving from an inside place to an outside place, or from one state to another. It can be used in contexts like leaving a house, departing from a city, or emerging from a situation.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G2967

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KO-loo-en

Translations: he was hindering, he was preventing, he was forbidding, he was restraining

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb ΚΩΛΥΩ. It describes an action of hindering, preventing, or forbidding that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It indicates that someone was in the process of stopping or restraining something or someone.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΑΠΟΤΡΕΠΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΩΛΥΩ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to cut short' or 'to check'.

G3342

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: meh-TAHK-soo

Translations: between, among, while, meanwhile

Notes: This word functions as a preposition or an adverb. As a preposition, it means 'between' or 'among', indicating a position or relationship between two or more things or people. It can also be used adverbially to mean 'in the meantime' or 'while'. For example, it can describe something located spatially between two points, or an event occurring temporally between two other events.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΝ ΜΕΣΩ, ΜΕΣΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΞΥ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to μέσος (mesos, 'middle') or a compound involving μετά (meta, 'with, among').

G2559

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-koo-MEH-noy

Translations: being ill-treated, being afflicted, being tormented, being oppressed, being mistreated, being harmed

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being ill-treated' or 'being afflicted'. It describes someone who is currently undergoing hardship, suffering, or mistreatment. It can be used to describe people who are being harmed, oppressed, or tormented by others or by circumstances.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΘΛΙΒΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΑΣΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΒΑΣΑΝΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΙ

G0931

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-SAH-noys

Translations: torments, tortures, pains, tests, trials

Notes: This word refers to extreme pain, suffering, or distress, often inflicted as a punishment or a means of interrogation. It can also refer to a test or trial, especially one that is severe or agonizing. It is a compound word, but its parts are not easily separable into distinct meanings for a layperson.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΣΕΙΣ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑΙ

Etymology: The word is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to rub' or 'to test by rubbing a touchstone'. It came to mean a touchstone, then the testing by a touchstone, and finally the torture used to extract information.

G1990

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-is-TAH-sees

Translations: of an arrival, of an approach, of an onset, of an attack, of a presence, of an urgency, of an attention, of a pressure

Notes: This word refers to the act of standing upon or over something, indicating an arrival, an approach, or an onset. It can also denote a presence, an urgency, or a focused attention. In some contexts, it can imply pressure or an attack. It is often used to describe the coming of a specific time or event.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑ, ΠΡΟΣΒΟΛΗ, ΕΠΙΔΡΟΜΗ

Etymology: From the verb ἐφίστημι (ephistēmi, 'to stand upon, to set over') and the suffix -σις (-sis), which forms nouns of action or process. The verb itself is a compound of ἐπί (epi, 'upon, over') and ἵστημι (histēmi, 'to stand').

G4642

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: skay-no-pay-GHEE-as

Translations: (of) the Feast of Tabernacles, (of) the Feast of Booths

Notes: This word refers to the Feast of Tabernacles, also known as the Feast of Booths, an important Jewish festival. It is a compound word derived from 'σκήνη' (skēnē), meaning 'tent' or 'tabernacle', and 'πηγία' (pēgia), related to 'πηγνύω' (pēgnýō), meaning 'to fix' or 'to pitch'. The festival commemorates the forty years the Israelites spent wandering in the desert after the Exodus, living in temporary shelters or booths.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The word ΣΚΗΝΟΠΗΓΙΑ (skēnopēgia) is a compound noun formed from σκήνη (skēnē), meaning 'tent, tabernacle, booth', and the root of πηγνύω (pēgnýō), meaning 'to fix, to pitch'. It literally means 'the pitching of tents' or 'the dwelling in tents'.

G1653

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eh-leh-OON-tes

Translations: having mercy, showing pity, pitying, having compassion, those who have mercy, those who show pity

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'having mercy' or 'showing pity'. It describes an ongoing action of extending compassion or kindness. It functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is in the process of showing mercy. For example, it could be used to describe 'those who are showing mercy' or 'the merciful ones'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΤΕΙΡΩ, ΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ

G3992

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: PEM-psan-tos

Translations: (of) sending, (of) having sent, (of) dispatching, (of) having dispatched

Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the aorist active participle of the verb 'πέμπω' (pempō), meaning 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the subject of a genitive absolute construction, meaning 'of the one who sent' or 'when he had sent'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G0491

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-o-khon

Translations: Antiochus

Notes: Antiochus is a common Greek proper name, frequently used for kings of the Seleucid Empire and other historical figures. In this form, it is the direct object of a verb or preposition, indicating the person 'Antiochus' is receiving the action.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'Ἀντίοχος' (Antíochos), meaning 'resisting' or 'steadfast'. It is a compound of 'ἀντί' (antí, 'against, in return for') and 'ἔχω' (ékhō, 'to have, to hold').

G0515

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ax-ee-OH-san-tos

Translations: of one who deemed worthy, of one who thought worthy, of one who asked, of one who demanded, of one who requested

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἀξιόω', meaning 'to deem worthy', 'to think worthy', 'to ask', or 'to demand'. As a genitive singular masculine/neuter participle, it describes the action of someone who has deemed worthy, asked, or demanded something. It functions similarly to a noun in the genitive case, often indicating possession, origin, or the subject of an action in a genitive absolute construction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΑἸΤΈΩ, ΔΈΟΜΑΙ, ἘΡΩΤΆΩ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai

Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G2150

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-SEH-beh-yah

Translations: piety, godliness, a piety, a godliness, religion, reverence

Notes: This word refers to piety, godliness, or reverence towards God. It encompasses a proper attitude and conduct in relation to divine matters, often implying devotion and respect for religious duties and beliefs. It can also refer to the practice of religion itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΡΗΣΚΕΙΑ, ΕΥ̓ΛΑΒΕΙΑ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: From the Greek words εὐ- (eu-), meaning 'well' or 'good', and σέβομαι (sebomaí), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. Thus, it literally means 'well-worship' or 'good reverence'.

G1504

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AI-kohn

Translations: image, likeness, representation, a image, a likeness, a representation

Notes: This word refers to an image, likeness, or representation of something. It can denote a physical statue or picture, or it can refer to a resemblance or manifestation of a person or thing. It is often used to describe something that perfectly reflects or embodies another.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΙΩΜΑ, ΤΥΠΟΣ, ΧΑΡΑΚΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word Εἰκών (eikōn) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyk- meaning 'to be like, resemble'. It is related to words signifying 'likeness' or 'image' in various Indo-European languages.

G4689

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: SPEN-de-teh

Translations: is poured out, is offered as a drink offering, is made a libation, is sacrificed, is made, is concluded, is ratified

Notes: This word describes an action of pouring out, often in the context of a religious offering or libation. It can also refer to the act of making or concluding a treaty, truce, or covenant, implying a solemn agreement often sealed with a ritual pouring. It is used to describe something being offered or established.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΘΥΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΣΠΕΝΔΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to make a libation, to offer a sacrifice'. It is related to Latin spondeo ('to promise, to pledge').

G4371

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PROS-eh-tee

Translations: besides, moreover, in addition, furthermore, yet, still

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'in addition to' or 'furthermore'. It is used to introduce an additional point or a further action, emphasizing that something is happening on top of what has already been mentioned. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'in addition', and the adverb ΕΤΙ (eti), meaning 'still' or 'yet'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΙ, ΚΑΙ, ΕΠΙΠΛΕΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙ is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in addition to', and the adverb ΕΤΙ (eti), meaning 'still, yet, besides'. It developed to signify an additional or further action or state.

G1525, G3992

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ice-EP-emp-seh

Translations: he sent in, he sent into, he sent forth, he dispatched

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix εἰς (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb πέμπω (pempō), meaning 'to send'. The combined meaning is 'to send into' or 'to send forth'. It describes the action of dispatching someone or something to a specific location or for a particular purpose, often implying movement from outside to inside, or from one place to another with a specific destination.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΣΤΈΛΛΩ, ἘΚΠΈΜΠΩ

G3168

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: meh-gah-loh-PREH-pay

Translations: magnificent, splendid, glorious, majestic, excellent

Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning magnificent, splendid, or glorious. It describes something that is grand, impressive, and worthy of great respect or admiration. It can be used to describe people, things, or abstract concepts, emphasizing their greatness or majesty.

Inflection: Nominative Masculine Singular or Accusative Feminine Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΞΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΕΝΔΟΞΟΣ, ΛΑΜΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΓΑΛΟΠΡΕΠΗΣ is a compound word formed from ΜΕΓΑΣ (MEGAS), meaning 'great', and ΠΡΕΠΩ (PREPO), meaning 'to be fitting' or 'to be proper'. Thus, it literally means 'greatly fitting' or 'greatly becoming', conveying the sense of something that is grand and appropriate for its high status.

G3845

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pan-TOY-ohn

Translations: (of) all sorts, (of) every kind, (of) various, (of) manifold

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'of all sorts' or 'of every kind'. It describes something as being diverse or varied. It is used to indicate a wide range or multitude of things, often appearing in contexts where different types of items or qualities are being discussed.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΚΙΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΝΤΟΙΟΣ is derived from πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every', combined with a suffix indicating 'of a certain kind'. It signifies 'of every kind' or 'of all sorts'.

G1638

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EK-poh-ma-ta

Translations: cups, drinking vessels, a cup, a drinking vessel

Notes: This word refers to drinking vessels or cups, often of a valuable or ornate nature. It is typically used in the plural to denote a collection of such items, as seen in contexts describing treasures or valuable possessions. It can refer to any container used for drinking.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΗΡΙΑ, ΣΚΕΥΗ

Etymology: The word ἔκπωμα (ekpōma) is derived from the prefix ἐκ- (ek-), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb πίνω (pinō), meaning 'to drink'. Thus, it literally refers to something 'for drinking out of'.

G0693

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ar-GYOO-reh-ah

Translations: silvern, made of silver, of silver

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'made of silver' or 'silvern'. It describes something that is composed of or relates to silver. It is often used to specify the material of an object, similar to how one might say 'golden' or 'bronze' in English. For example, it could describe a silver cup or a silver coin.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The word ἈΡΓΥΡΕΟΣ (argyraios) is derived from the noun ἈΡΓΥΡΟΣ (argyros), meaning 'silver'. It describes something as being made of or pertaining to silver.

G1209

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: deh-KSAH-meh-noy

Translations: receiving, having received, accepting, having accepted, welcoming, having welcomed

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle from the verb 'dechomai', meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often implies a willing or active reception of something or someone. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'the men, having received the gifts, departed'.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G2892

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: koh-MI-zon-tohn

Translations: of those carrying, of those bringing, of those receiving, of those recovering

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κομίζω' (komizō), meaning 'to carry,' 'to bring,' 'to receive,' or 'to recover.' In this form, it describes the action of 'carrying,' 'bringing,' 'receiving,' or 'recovering' and functions as a genitive plural, indicating possession or origin from a group of people performing this action. For example, it could refer to 'the things belonging to those who are carrying' or 'from those who are bringing.'

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΟΝΤΩΝ, ΑΓΟΝΤΩΝ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word κομίζω (komizō) is derived from the Greek word κομέω (komeō), meaning 'to take care of, attend to.' Over time, its meaning evolved to include 'to carry' or 'to bring,' especially in the sense of bringing something to safety or receiving something.

G0071

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-GOO-sin

Translations: they lead, they bring, they carry, they observe, they celebrate, they spend

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to lead,' 'to bring,' or 'to carry.' It can also be used in a broader sense to mean 'to observe' or 'to celebrate' a day or festival, or 'to spend' time. It is used to describe an action performed by a group of people.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΛΚΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΑΓΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to lead' or 'to drive.' It is related to Latin 'ago' (to do, to drive) and English 'agent'.

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-RON

Translations: sacred, holy, consecrated, a sacred place, a temple, temple

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'sacred,' 'holy,' or 'consecrated.' When used as a noun, it refers to a 'sacred place' or, more specifically, a 'temple.' It describes something set apart for religious purposes or dedicated to a deity.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΙΕΡΟΣ (hieros) comes from a pre-Greek substrate word, possibly related to the concept of 'strength' or 'power,' which became associated with divine power and sacredness.

G2078

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hes-TEE-ah

Translations: hearth, a hearth, fireplace, a fireplace, altar, a altar

Notes: This word refers to a hearth or fireplace, which was the central point of a home in ancient times, often associated with domestic life and hospitality. It can also refer to an altar, as altars were often built in a similar manner to hearths and served as a focal point for religious rituals. The provided word 'ΕΙΣΤΙΑ' appears to be a misspelling of 'ΕΣΤΙΑ' (Hestia), which is a common Koine Greek word.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΥΡ, ΒΩΜΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. In Greek mythology, Hestia was the goddess of the hearth, home, and domesticity.

G0491

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-o-khoo

Translations: of Antiochus

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Antiochus, a common name among Hellenistic kings and other notable figures, particularly in the Seleucid Empire. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to saying 'of Antiochus' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From Ancient Greek Ἀντίοχος (Antíokhos), meaning 'resisting' or 'steadfast'. It is a compound name derived from ἀντί (antí, 'against, in front of') and ἔχω (ékhō, 'to have, to hold').

G2016

Part of Speech: Adjective, Proper Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-fah-NOOS

Translations: manifest, illustrious, notable, distinguished, glorious, Epiphanes, of Epiphanes

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is manifest, illustrious, or distinguished. It can refer to a visible or apparent quality, or to a person of high standing or renown. It is also famously used as a surname or epithet, particularly for Antiochus IV Epiphanes, meaning 'God Manifest' or 'Illustrious'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΞΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΦΑΝΗΣ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπιφαίνω (epiphainō, “to show forth, appear”), from ἐπί (epi, “upon, to”) + φαίνω (phainō, “to shine, appear”).

G1308

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-eh-neng-KAS

Translations: having carried through, having differed, having excelled, having been superior, having borne, having endured

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb "διαφέρω" (diafero), which is a compound word formed from "διά" (dia, meaning through or apart) and "φέρω" (phero, meaning to carry or bear). Depending on context, it can mean to carry through, to differ, to excel, or to be superior. As a participle, it describes an action completed in the past by the subject of the main verb, often translated as "having carried through" or "having excelled."

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΩ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΩ, ΠΡΟΕΧΩ

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G0138

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LON

Translations: having taken, having chosen, having seized, having captured, having preferred

Notes: This word is the masculine, nominative, singular form of the aorist active participle of the verb 'αἱρέω' (haireō). It means 'to take,' 'to choose,' 'to seize,' or 'to capture.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action completed in the past relative to the main verb. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the man having taken the book,' where 'having taken' describes the man.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΛΑΒΩΝ, ΚΡΑΤΗΣΑΣ, ΣΥΛΛΑΒΩΝ

G3501

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: neh-OHN

Translations: of new, of young, of new things, of young people

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΝΕΟΣ' (neos), which means 'new' or 'young'. It is used to describe something that is fresh, recent, or in an early stage of development, or to refer to people who are young in age. As a genitive plural, it typically translates as 'of new things' or 'of young people', indicating possession, origin, or relationship.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'new'. It is related to the Latin 'novus' and English 'new'.

G2200

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ZOH-moh

Translations: (to) broth, (to) soup, (to) sauce, (to) a broth, (to) a soup, (to) a sauce

Notes: This word refers to broth, soup, or sauce, typically a liquid food preparation made by simmering meat, fish, or vegetables in water. It is used as a noun to indicate the recipient or indirect object of an action, or the means by which something is done.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΖΩΜΙΟΝ, ΖΩΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΖΩΜΟΣ (zōmos) is derived from the verb ζέω (zeō), meaning 'to boil' or 'to seethe'. It refers to something that is boiled or cooked.

G4047

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-RRAH-neh

Translations: sprinkled around, sprinkled all around, sprinkled

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to sprinkle around' or 'to sprinkle all over'. It describes the action of scattering liquid, often blood or water, in a circular or encompassing manner. It is used to indicate a thorough or widespread sprinkling.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Aorist Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΡΑΙΝΩ, ΡΑΝΤΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and ῥαίνω (rhainō), meaning 'to sprinkle'.

G4797

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: syng-KHEH-as

Translations: confusing, mixing up, throwing into confusion, disturbing, confounding

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb συγχέω (sygcheō), meaning 'to pour together, mix up, confuse, or throw into confusion.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, functioning like an adjective or adverb to modify a noun or describe the manner of an action. It indicates someone or something that has caused confusion or disorder.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΑΡΑΣΣΩ, ΣΥΓΚΥΝΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3551

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: NOH-mee-mah

Translations: lawful, legal, customary, ordinances, statutes, laws, a lawful thing, lawful things

Notes: This word refers to things that are lawful, legal, or customary. It can describe actions or objects that are in accordance with established law, custom, or tradition. When used as a noun, it often refers to specific laws, statutes, or ordinances.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΙ, ΔΙΚΑΙΑ, ΕΝΤΟΛΑΙ

Etymology: The word derives from the Greek word ΝΟΜΟΣ (nomos), meaning 'law' or 'custom'.

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-nos

Translations: nation, a nation, people, a people, Gentiles, a Gentile

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it often refers specifically to the Gentiles, meaning non-Jewish people. It can be used to describe a large group of people united by common descent, culture, or language.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'). It refers to a group of people sharing common customs or characteristics.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G5236

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-per-bo-LAYN

Translations: excess, abundance, surpassing, preeminence, exceedingly, beyond measure

Notes: This word refers to an excess, an abundance, or something that goes beyond the usual measure. It is often used to describe something that is outstanding, preeminent, or exceedingly great. In context, it can function adverbially to mean 'exceedingly' or 'beyond measure'. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπέρ' (hyper), meaning 'over' or 'beyond', and 'βολή' (bole), meaning 'a throwing' or 'a cast'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΕΙΑ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΗ

G2356

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thrays-KAY-ahss

Translations: (of) religion, (of) worship, (of) religious observance, (of) piety, a religion

Notes: This word refers to religion, worship, or religious observance. It describes the outward expression of one's devotion to a deity or a set of beliefs, often involving rituals, practices, and a system of faith. It is used to speak about the practice or system of a particular faith.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΕΙΑ, ΛΑΤΡΕΙΑ

Etymology: From θρησκεύω (thrēskeuō, "to worship"), which is of uncertain origin, possibly related to θρᾷσσα (thrāssa, "Thracian woman"), referring to the ecstatic worship practices of Thracian cults.

G2152

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-SEH-bay

Translations: pious, godly, devout, righteous, holy

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is pious, godly, or devout. It refers to a person who shows reverence and respect towards God, or an action that is in accordance with divine will. It can be used to describe individuals, their character, or their actions.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ὉΣΙΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ, ἉΓΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΣΕΒΗΣ is a compound word derived from the Greek prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'well' or 'good', and the verb ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ (sebomai), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. Thus, it literally means 'well-worshipping' or 'rightly revering'.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KAH-leh-san

Translations: they called, they named, they invited

Notes: This word means 'they called' or 'they named'. It is the third person plural aorist indicative active form of the verb 'kaleō', meaning 'to call' or 'to invite'. It describes an action that happened in the past, completed at a specific point in time. For example, it can be used when a group of people called someone by name or invited them to an event.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ὈΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΩΝΕΩ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ

G0594

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-DEK-sah-meh-nos

Translations: having received, having accepted, having welcomed, having approved, having acknowledged

Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb 'ἀποδέχομαι', meaning 'to receive fully, accept, welcome, or approve'. It describes an action completed in the past, indicating that the subject has taken something in, either literally or figuratively, with approval or welcome. It is often used to describe someone who has received a person, a message, or a favor with a positive disposition.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

G1932

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-I-kee-an

Translations: fairness, gentleness, clemency, equity, reasonableness, a fairness, a gentleness, a clemency, an equity, a reasonableness

Notes: This word refers to the quality of fairness, gentleness, or reasonableness. It implies a disposition to be mild and considerate, often going beyond the strict letter of the law to show clemency or equity. It describes a character trait of being yielding and not overly strict or harsh.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΤΟΤΗΣ, ΠΡΑΟΤΗΣ, ΕΥΓΝΩΜΟΣΥΝΗ

G3129

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: mah-THOHN

Translations: having learned, learning, when he learned, after learning

Notes: ΜΑΘΩΝ is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, meaning 'to learn' or 'to understand'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed before or at the same time as the main verb of the sentence. It often conveys the sense of 'having learned' or 'after learning' something, indicating a completed action that leads to or explains the subsequent event.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΝΟΥΣ, ΕΙΔΩΣ

G4710

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SPOO-dayn

Translations: haste, a haste, diligence, a diligence, earnestness, an earnestness, zeal, a zeal, eagerness, an eagerness, effort, an effort

Notes: This word refers to quickness, speed, or haste. It can also denote earnestness, diligence, or zealous effort in carrying out a task. It describes the quality of being eager and committed to something.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΑΧΟΣ, ΖΗΛΟΣ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΣΠΟΥΔΗ (spoudē) is derived from the verb σπεύδω (speudō), meaning 'to hasten' or 'to be eager'. It reflects the concept of moving quickly or acting with earnestness.

G4243

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-res-BEV-sa-to

Translations: he acted as an ambassador, he sent an embassy, he negotiated, he pleaded, he entreated

Notes: This word describes the action of serving as an ambassador or envoy, representing someone or a group in negotiations or communications. It can also mean to send an embassy or to plead and entreat on behalf of someone. It is used to describe formal diplomatic or representative actions.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΔΙΑΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G0514, G0516

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective

Sounds like: ax-ee-OHN

Translations: worthy, deserving, fitting, suitable, to deem worthy, to consider worthy, to ask, to request, to expect, to think fit, of worthy ones, of those who are worthy

Notes: This word can function as a verb or an adjective. As a verb (from ἀξιόω), it means 'to deem worthy,' 'to consider worthy,' 'to ask,' 'to request,' or 'to expect.' As an adjective (from ἄξιος), it means 'worthy,' 'deserving,' 'fitting,' or 'suitable.' The form 'ἈΞΙΩΝ' can be a present active participle (nominative masculine singular) of the verb 'ἀξιόω', meaning 'deeming worthy' or 'asking'. It can also be the genitive plural (masculine, feminine, or neuter) of the adjective 'ἄξιος', meaning 'of worthy ones' or 'of those who are worthy'. Its meaning depends on the context.

Inflection: Present Active Participle (Nominative, Masculine, Singular) or Genitive Plural (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ, ΠΡΕΠΩΝ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G4174

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: po-li-TEI-an

Translations: citizenship, a citizenship, commonwealth, a commonwealth, conduct, a conduct, way of life, a way of life

Notes: This word refers to the rights and duties of a citizen, the administration of a state or commonwealth, or one's manner of life and conduct. It can describe the political system of a community or an individual's behavior within that community. In the provided form, it is the accusative singular, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΤΕΥΜΑ, ΒΙΟΣ, ΑΓΩΓΗ

G0591

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-doo-NAI

Translations: to give back, to pay back, to render, to restore, to repay, to return

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἀποδίδωμι (apodidōmi). It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'back', and the verb δίδωμι (didōmi), meaning 'to give'. Therefore, it literally means 'to give back' or 'to give away from oneself'. It is used to express the action of returning something, paying a debt, rendering what is due, or restoring something to its original state or owner. It can be used in contexts of financial transactions, fulfilling obligations, or divine retribution.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΔΙΔΟΝΑΙ, ἈΠΟΤΙΝΕΙΝ, ἈΠΟΚΑΘΙΣΤΑΝ

G0683

Part of Speech: Verb Participle

Sounds like: ap-oh-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having thrust away, having rejected, having cast off, having put away

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'apotheō', meaning to thrust away, reject, or cast off. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, describing someone who has performed the action of thrusting away or rejecting. It often implies a decisive and completed action of removal or dismissal.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΒΑΛΛΩ, ΑΠΟΡΡΙΠΤΩ, ΑΠΩΘΟΥΜΑΙ

G1917

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-boo-LEEHN

Translations: plot, a plot, conspiracy, a conspiracy, ambush, an ambush, treachery, a treachery

Notes: This word refers to a deliberate plan or scheme, often with malicious intent, such as a plot, conspiracy, or treachery. It can also refer to an ambush. It is typically used in contexts where someone is devising a harmful plan against another.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΛΟΣ, ΕΝΕΔΡΑ, ΣΥΝΩΜΟΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΒΟΥΛΗ (epiboulē) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'against', and ΒΟΥΛΗ (boulē), meaning 'counsel' or 'plan'. Thus, it literally means 'a plan against' or 'counsel against'.

G3867

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-ee-NOON-ton

Translations: of exhorting, of advising, of admonishing, of encouraging, of urging, of counseling

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'parainō', meaning to exhort, advise, admonish, or encourage. It describes someone who is in the act of giving counsel or urging action. As a genitive plural participle, it typically functions to describe the action of 'those who are exhorting' or 'of those who are advising'.

Inflection: Participle, Present, Active, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΝΟΥΘΕΤΕΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek παραίνω (parainō), which is formed from παρά (para, "beside, by") and αἰνέω (ainéō, "to praise, approve, recommend"). The combination suggests a meaning of giving advice or counsel alongside someone.

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: PEY-thoh-me-nos

Translations: obeying, being persuaded, trusting, yielding, a trusting one, an obeying one

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'ΠΕΙΘΩ' (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to trust'. As a participle, it describes someone who is in the process of being persuaded, obeying, or trusting. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or adverbially, indicating the manner or cause of an action. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'the one obeying' or 'by obeying'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Middle or Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩΝ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩΝ

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-EH-in

Translations: to do, to make, to produce, to create, to perform, to accomplish, to bring about

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek and can be used in a wide range of contexts, from physical actions like making something, to abstract actions like performing a deed or bringing something about. It often indicates the execution of an action or the creation of an object.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word 'ποιέω' (poieō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an old root meaning 'to make' or 'to create'.

G3696

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OP-lah

Translations: arms, weapons, armor, hoofs

Notes: This word is a plural noun that can refer to military equipment such as arms, weapons, or armor. It can also refer to the hoofs of an animal. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΠΛΙΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΝΥΞ

Etymology: The word ὅπλον (hoplon) is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sep-, meaning 'to handle, to grasp'. It originally referred to any tool or implement, and later specialized to mean 'weapon' or 'armor'.

G1150

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DAS-mon

Translations: tribute, a tribute, tax, a tax, payment, a payment

Notes: This word refers to a payment, tribute, or tax, often imposed by a ruler or government. It is typically used to describe a compulsory contribution or levy. In a sentence, it would function as the object of a verb, indicating what is being paid or collected.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΦΟΡΟΣ, ΤΕΛΟΣ, ΕΙΣΦΟΡΑ

Etymology: The word δασμός (dasmos) comes from the verb δατέομαι (dateomai), meaning 'to divide' or 'to distribute', implying a portion or share that is divided out as a payment.

G5055

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: TEH-lein

Translations: to complete, to finish, to accomplish, to perform, to fulfill, to pay, to execute

Notes: This word means to bring something to an end, to complete a task, or to pay a debt or tax. It is used to describe the act of finishing a process, achieving a goal, or carrying out an obligation. For example, one might 'complete a journey' or 'pay a tax'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: From τέλος (telos, "end, purpose"). The verb means to bring to an end or to fulfill a purpose.

G3950

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: par-EX

Translations: except, besides, apart from, other than, without

Notes: This word functions as both an adverb and a preposition. As an adverb, it means 'besides' or 'except'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and means 'apart from' or 'without', indicating exclusion or separation from something. It is used to specify what is excluded from a general statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΝ, ΧΩΡΙΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and ἔξω (éxō, “out, outside”). It literally means 'beside outside' or 'out from beside'.

G1209

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: deh-ksa-MEH-noos

Translations: receiving, having received, accepting, having accepted, welcoming, having welcomed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δέχομαι' (dechomai), meaning 'to receive,' 'to accept,' or 'to welcome.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. In this form, it indicates an action that has already occurred (aorist tense) and is in the middle voice, suggesting the subject performs the action for themselves or experiences the result. It is used to describe multiple masculine subjects who have performed this action.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'δέχομαι' (dechomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to take' or 'to receive.' It is related to other Greek words involving the act of taking or holding.

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G243

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAHL-lah

Translations: the others, the rest, other things

Notes: This word is a contraction of the definite article 'τά' (the) and the adjective/pronoun 'ἄλλα' (other, different). It refers to 'the other things' or 'the rest' in a neuter plural sense. It is used to indicate the remaining items or people in a group, or things that are distinct from those already mentioned.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΛΟΙΠΑ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΑ

Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'.

G5278

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-po-MEH-neen

Translations: to endure, to remain, to persevere, to bear up under, to stand firm

Notes: This word means to remain under, to endure, or to persevere. It implies a steadfastness in the face of difficulties, trials, or suffering, indicating a willingness to bear up under adverse circumstances rather than giving up. It can also mean to wait patiently for something or someone.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΩ, ΑΝΕΧΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΡΤΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'below', and the verb ΜΕΝΩ (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. Thus, it literally means 'to remain under' or 'to abide under', conveying the sense of enduring or persevering through something.

G3670

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-moh-lo-GOON

Translations: they were confessing, they were acknowledging, they were agreeing, they confessed, they acknowledged, they agreed

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'homologeo'. It describes an action of confessing, acknowledging, or agreeing that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It implies a continuous state of affirmation or admission, often in public or before others. For example, 'they were confessing their sins' or 'they were agreeing with the statement'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΟΜΟΛΟΓΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ (homologeo) is a compound word derived from the Greek words ΟΜΟΣ (homos), meaning 'same' or 'one and the same', and ΛΟΓΟΣ (logos), meaning 'word' or 'speech'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak the same word' or 'to agree with what is said'.

G2185

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eh-fikh-NOO-meh-noy

Translations: reaching, attaining, arriving, extending, coming to

Notes: This word is a present participle, middle/passive voice, masculine plural nominative or feminine plural nominative/accusative of the verb ἐφικνέομαι (ephikneomai). It means to reach, attain, or arrive at something. It implies extending oneself to grasp or achieve a goal, or to come to a certain point or state. It is often used with a preposition like 'πρός' (pros) or 'εἰς' (eis) followed by an accusative case to indicate the object or destination being reached.

Inflection: Present, Participle, Middle/Passive, Masculine Plural Nominative or Feminine Plural Nominative/Accusative

Synonyms: ΦΘΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΑΦΙΚΝΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἐφικνέομαι (ephikneomai) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ἱκνέομαι (hikneomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to arrive'. Thus, it literally means 'to come upon' or 'to arrive at'.

G0473

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AN-tee

Translations: instead of, for, in place of, in return for, opposite to, in exchange for

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It indicates substitution, exchange, or opposition. It can mean 'instead of' or 'in place of' something, 'for' or 'in return for' something, or 'opposite to' or 'against' something. It is used to show that one thing is given or done in the stead of another.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΝΤΙΠΕΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti, meaning 'face to face, opposite'. It is cognate with Latin ante ('before') and Sanskrit anti ('opposite, in front of').

G5432

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: phroo-RAS

Translations: of a guard, of a garrison, of a watch, of a prison, guard, garrison, watch, prison

Notes: This word refers to a guard, a garrison, a watch, or a prison. It can denote a body of soldiers stationed to guard a place, the act of guarding, or the place where one is guarded or confined. It is used to describe protection or custody.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ, ΦΥΛΑΚΗ

Etymology: From φρουρός (phrouros, "a guard"), which is from προ- (pro-, "before") and ὁράω (horaō, "to see"). Thus, literally "one who sees before" or "one who watches over."

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DIH-doh-sahn

Translations: they were giving, they gave, they used to give, they were granting, they granted

Notes: This is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb "δίδωμι" (didomi), meaning "to give" or "to grant." The imperfect tense describes an ongoing, repeated, or habitual action in the past. So, "ἘΔΙΔΟΣΑΝ" indicates that "they were in the process of giving" or "they repeatedly gave" something.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΔΙΔΩ

G4327

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-dek-sa-MEH-noo

Translations: (of) having received, (of) having welcomed, (of) having accepted, (of) having awaited

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'prosdechomai', meaning 'to receive', 'to welcome', 'to accept', or 'to await'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject of the main verb. In this form, it indicates an action completed in the past, often translated as 'having received' or 'having welcomed'. It implies an active and often eager reception.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word προσδέχομαι (prosdechomai) is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in addition to', and the verb δέχομαι (dechomai), meaning 'to receive, accept'. The combination implies receiving something or someone towards oneself, hence 'to welcome' or 'to await'.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FOS

Translations: brother, a brother, fellow countryman, kinsman, fellow believer

Notes: This word refers to a brother, either by birth or by a close familial or social bond. It can also be used metaphorically to refer to a fellow countryman, a kinsman, or a fellow believer in a religious context. It is a masculine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΝΗΡ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ, ἙΤΑΙΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

G2507

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-THEI-len

Translations: he cast down, he pulled down, he threw down, he overthrew, he took down, he brought down

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'καθαιρέω' (kathaireō). It means 'he/she/it cast down,' 'pulled down,' 'threw down,' 'overthrew,' 'took down,' or 'brought down.' It describes an action that was completed in the past, often implying a forceful or decisive removal from a higher position or state. For example, it can be used to describe the overthrowing of rulers or the demolition of structures.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΒΑΛΕΝ, ΚΑΤΕΣΤΡΕΨΕΝ, ΑΝΕΤΡΕΨΕΝ

G3089

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: LOO-sas

Translations: having loosed, having untied, having released, having destroyed, having dissolved, having broken

Notes: ΛΥΣΑΣ is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ΛΥΩ, meaning 'to loose, untie, release, destroy, dissolve, or break.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed in the past relative to the main verb. It indicates that the subject has performed the action of loosing or releasing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΔΙΑΛΥΩ

G4149

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLOO-too

Translations: of wealth, of riches, of abundance

Notes: This word refers to wealth, riches, or abundance. It is used to describe material possessions or a state of being rich. In this form, it is the genitive singular of the noun 'πλοῦτος', indicating possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΜΑΤΑ, ΠΕΡΙΟΥΣΙΑ, ΕΥΠΟΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'πλοῦτος' (ploutos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleu- meaning 'to flow, to swim'. It is related to words signifying abundance or fullness.

G4218

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PO-teh

Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.

G1571

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-ek-OH-mi-sen

Translations: brought out, carried out, removed, took out

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb κομίζω (komizō), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bring'. Therefore, it means 'to carry out', 'to bring out', or 'to remove'. It is used to describe the action of taking something from an inside place to an outside place, or from one location to another, often implying a complete removal.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΦΕΡΩ, ΑΠΑΓΩ, ΕΞΑΙΡΩ

G3729

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hor-MOH-meh-nos

Translations: being set in motion, being urged on, starting, rushing, proceeding from, impelled by

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'ΟΡΜΑΩ' (hormaō), meaning 'to set in motion' or 'to rush'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state. In the passive voice, it indicates that the subject is being acted upon or is in a state of being impelled or starting from something. It often conveys the idea of something originating from or being driven by a particular source or cause.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΚΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: PRO-tos

Translations: first, a first, chief, principal, foremost, the first

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, rank, or importance. It can be used as an adjective to describe a noun, or it can be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'the first one' or 'the chief person/thing'. It indicates precedence or priority.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: From a superlative form of the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- (forward, before). It is related to the English word 'prior'.

G0756

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eer-XAH-toh

Translations: began, started

Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'he/she/it began' or 'he/she/it started'. It is used to indicate the commencement of an action or state, often implying that the subject initiated the action themselves (middle voice) or that the action simply began (passive voice).

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἄρχω (archō), meaning 'to be first, to rule, to begin'. The middle voice ἄρχομαι means 'to begin' or 'to take the lead'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GHI-neh-tai

Translations: becomes, happens, is, is born, comes into being, takes place, arises

Notes: This verb is very common and versatile, meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to be born,' or 'to come into being.' It describes a state of transition or occurrence, indicating that something is coming into existence or changing its state. It can be used in various contexts to describe events, transformations, or the origin of something.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΚΤΩ

G4849

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soom-ma-KHEE-ah

Translations: alliance, a league, aid, assistance, a confederacy

Notes: This word refers to an alliance, a league, or a confederacy, often implying military or political cooperation. It can also refer to the aid or assistance provided within such an agreement. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'μάχη' (battle, fight), literally meaning 'fighting together'. It is typically used in contexts describing agreements or partnerships between groups or nations for mutual support.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek prefix 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'μάχη' (machē), meaning 'battle' or 'fight'. The word literally means 'fighting together' or 'joining in battle'.

G1209

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: deh-KSAH-meh-nos

Translations: receiving, having received, accepting, having accepted, welcoming, having welcomed, taking, having taken

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'dechomai', meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is ongoing. It often conveys the sense of someone who has taken something into their possession, welcomed someone, or accepted a proposition.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΛΑΒΩΝ, ΥΠΟΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G4756

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-TEE-ah

Translations: army, host, a host

Notes: This word refers to an army, a military force, or a large group of people, often a heavenly host. It is commonly used to describe a body of soldiers or a multitude of individuals acting together. For example, it can refer to the 'army of heaven' or a human military force.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΡΑΤΙΑ (stratia) comes from the Greek word στρατός (stratos), meaning 'encampment' or 'army'. It refers to a body of soldiers or a host.

G3930

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-ES-khen

Translations: he provided, she provided, it provided, he granted, she granted, it granted, he gave, she gave, it gave, he caused, she caused, it caused, he showed, she showed, it showed

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para, 'beside, from') and the verb ἔχω (echō, 'to have, to hold'). It means to provide, furnish, grant, give, or cause something. It can also mean to show or present. It is used to describe the act of making something available or bringing something about.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The verb παρέχω is a compound of the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Its meaning evolved from 'to hold out' or 'to offer' to 'to provide' or 'to grant'.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-oo-MEH-noh

Translations: making, doing, performing, producing, creating, causing, practicing, observing, keeping, working, acting

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'poieō', meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it describes an action being performed by someone or something, functioning similarly to an adjective or adverb. It can refer to the act of creating, performing, causing, or practicing something. Its meaning can vary slightly depending on the context, often indicating the ongoing nature of an action.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine/Neuter, Singular, Dative

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G3934

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: par-THOOS

Translations: Parthians

Notes: This word refers to the Parthians, the inhabitants of Parthia, an ancient kingdom located southeast of the Caspian Sea, in what is now northeastern Iran. It is used to denote the people themselves, often in a collective sense, as seen in contexts describing military campaigns or geographical references.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Etymology: The word "ΠΑΡΘΟΣ" (Parthos) is derived from the Old Persian "Parthava," which was the name of the region and its people. It entered Greek through contact with the Persian Empire.

G4756

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-TEE-ahn

Translations: campaign, expedition, warfare, army, host, a campaign, an expedition, a warfare, an army, a host

Notes: This word refers to a military campaign, an expedition, or the act of warfare. It can also denote a body of soldiers, an army, or a host, particularly in a military context. It is often used to describe organized military activity or the forces involved in it.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ, ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ

Etymology: Derived from the Greek word στρατεύω (strateuō), meaning 'to make war, to serve as a soldier,' which itself comes from στρατός (stratos), meaning 'army, encampment.'

G3144

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MAR-toos

Translations: witness, a witness, martyr, a martyr

Notes: This word refers to a witness, someone who gives testimony or evidence, often in a legal or judicial context. In later Christian usage, it also came to mean a 'martyr,' someone who bears witness to their faith by suffering death. It can be used to describe a person who has seen or heard something and can provide an account of it, or someone who attests to the truth of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΟΝ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΡΤΥΣ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to remember' or 'to be mindful of,' which evolved to mean 'to bear witness' or 'to testify.'

G2478

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: iss-TO-ron

Translations: inquiring, investigating, learning by inquiry, knowing by inquiry, visiting, describing, narrating, relating

Notes: ΙΣΤΟΡΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb ΙΣΤΟΡΕΩ. It describes someone who is in the process of inquiring, investigating, or learning through personal research or observation. It can also mean to describe or narrate something based on such inquiry. It is used to indicate an ongoing action of seeking knowledge or recounting facts.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΡΕΥΝΑΩ, ΕΞΕΤΑΖΩ, ΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

G5160

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tro-PAI-on

Translations: trophy, a trophy, monument of victory

Notes: This word refers to a trophy or a monument erected to commemorate a victory, especially in battle. It symbolizes triumph over an enemy or a successful achievement. It can be used in sentences to describe the setting up of such a monument after a significant win.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΝΙΚΗΤΗΡΙΟΝ, ΣΤΗΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb τρέπω (trepō), meaning 'to turn' or 'to put to flight', referring to the turning back of an enemy in battle. The trophy was erected at the point where the enemy was routed.

G2476

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: STAY-sas

Translations: having stood, having set, having placed, having appointed, having established, having caused to stand

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. As a participle, it describes an action completed in the past by the subject, functioning like an adjective or adverb. It can convey the sense of 'having stood', 'having set up', 'having established', or 'having appointed' something or someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΙΔΡΥΩ, ΤΑΣΣΩ

G3074

Part of Speech: Noun, Proper Noun

Sounds like: LY-koh

Translations: wolf, a wolf, (to) a wolf, (to) the Lycus, Lycus (river)

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'λύκος' (lykos), meaning 'wolf'. It can refer to a literal wolf or be used metaphorically to describe a dangerous or predatory person. It can also refer to the Lycus River, a geographical location. In a sentence, it would typically function as the indirect object, indicating 'to a wolf' or 'for a wolf', or as the object of a preposition that takes the dative case, such as 'ἐν' (in) or 'ἐπί' (on/upon).

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

G3528

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: nee-KAY-sas

Translations: having conquered, having overcome, having prevailed, having won

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'νικάω' (nikao), meaning 'to conquer' or 'to overcome'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed prior to the main verb in the sentence. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb by indicating that the subject has performed the action of conquering.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΥΠΕΡΝΙΚΑΩ

G3306

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-MEI-nen

Translations: remained, abode, stayed, endured, continued

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'μένω' (menō), meaning 'to remain,' 'to abide,' 'to stay,' or 'to endure.' It describes an action that occurred in the past and was completed. It can be used to indicate that someone or something stayed in a particular place, continued in a certain state, or persevered through a situation.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΙΖΩ, ΠΑΡΑΜΕΝΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ

G1189

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: deh-THEH-n-tos

Translations: having prayed, having begged, having implored, having requested, of one who prayed, of one who begged, of one who implored, of one who requested

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δεομαι' (deomai), meaning 'to pray,' 'to beg,' or 'to implore.' As a genitive singular masculine/neuter participle, it describes someone who has performed the action of praying or begging. It often functions adverbially, indicating the circumstances or reason for another action, or adjectivally, modifying a noun in the genitive case.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΗΣΑΝΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΞΑΜΕΝΟΥ

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G3545

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: NO-mee-mon

Translations: lawful, customary, legal, proper, a custom, what is lawful

Notes: This word describes something that is in accordance with law, custom, or established practice. As an adjective, it means 'lawful' or 'customary'. As a noun, it refers to 'what is lawful' or 'a custom'. It can be used to describe actions, regulations, or traditions that are considered legitimate or proper.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΝΝΟΜΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ, ΕΥΘΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΝΟΜΙΜΟΣ is derived from the Greek word ΝΟΜΟΣ (NOMOS), meaning 'law' or 'custom'. It refers to that which is in accordance with the law or established custom.

G1849

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-o-DEH-oo-in

Translations: to spend, to expend, to use up, to waste

Notes: This verb means to spend or expend, often referring to money or resources. It can also be used more broadly to mean using up something completely, such as time or effort, and can sometimes carry the connotation of wasting something.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΑΠΑΝΑΩ, ἈΝΑΛΙΣΚΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ὁδεύω (hodeuō), meaning 'to travel' or 'to journey'. The combination suggests 'to go out on a journey' or 'to spend on a journey', which evolved into the general sense of expending or spending.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G4005

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pen-tay-kos-TEE

Translations: Pentecost, a Pentecost, fiftieth

Notes: This word refers to the fiftieth day, specifically the Jewish Feast of Weeks, which occurred fifty days after Passover. It is also known as Pentecost in Christian tradition, commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit. It is used to denote this specific festival.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative

Etymology: From the Greek word 'πεντήκοντα' (pentēkonta), meaning 'fifty'. The suffix '-στη' indicates an ordinal number, making it 'fiftieth'.

G1858

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-or-TEE

Translations: feast, a feast, festival, a festival, holiday, a holiday

Notes: This word refers to a religious festival or holiday, a time of celebration and special observance. It is often used in the context of Jewish or Christian religious feasts. It can be used to denote the specific day of a festival or the entire period of celebration.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine (though it can appear in other cases and numbers depending on context, e.g., Genitive as in ΕΟΡΤΗΣ)

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΗΓΥΡΙΣ, ΘΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΕΟΡΤΗ comes from an older Greek word, perhaps related to a root meaning 'to gather' or 'to celebrate'. It has been used since ancient times to refer to public festivals or holidays.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1832

Part of Speech: Impersonal Verb

Sounds like: EX-es-tee

Translations: it is lawful, it is permitted, it is possible

Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is lawful' or 'it is permitted'. It is always used in the third person singular and typically takes a dative case for the person to whom something is lawful or permitted, and an infinitive for the action that is lawful. For example, 'it is lawful for me to go'. It can also mean 'it is possible'.

Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd Person Singular, Present, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΝΕΣΤΙ, ΠΡΟΣΗΚΕΙ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ἔστι (esti), meaning 'it is'. The combination implies 'it is out of' or 'it is from' a certain state, leading to the meaning of 'it is permissible' or 'it is possible'.

G4820

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soom-bal-OHN

Translations: having met, having engaged, having contributed, having conferred, having joined battle

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'συμβάλλω' (symballō), which is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'βάλλω' (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. It generally means 'to throw together', 'to bring together', 'to meet', 'to encounter', 'to engage in battle', 'to contribute', or 'to confer'. As a participle, it describes an action completed prior to the main verb, often translated as 'having met' or 'having engaged'. It can be used to describe someone who has joined forces, encountered an opponent, or contributed to something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

G0654

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-eh-BAH-len

Translations: threw away, cast off, lost, rejected, abandoned

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning "from" or "away from," and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning "to throw" or "to cast." Therefore, it literally means "to throw away" or "to cast off." In various contexts, it can signify losing something, rejecting someone or something, or abandoning a position or a group.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΡΡΊΠΤΩ, ἈΦΊΗΜΙ, ἈΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G0622

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-POH-loo-tai

Translations: is destroyed, perishes, is lost, is ruined

Notes: This word is the third person singular, present indicative, middle or passive voice of the verb 'ἀπόλλυμι'. It means 'to be destroyed', 'to perish', 'to be lost', or 'to be ruined'. It describes something undergoing destruction or ceasing to exist, often implying a complete and irreversible end. It can be used to describe the destruction of things, people, or even abstract concepts.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΦΘΕΙΡΕΤΑΙ, ΟΛΛΥΤΑΙ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΕΤΑΙ

G1237

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-DEH-kheh-tai

Translations: succeeds, takes over, inherits, follows

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'διά' (through, across) and 'δέχομαι' (to receive, accept). It means to succeed someone in office or position, to take over from another, or to follow in sequence. It is used to describe the act of one person or thing taking the place of another.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΕΩ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word διαδέχομαι (diadechomai) is a compound verb derived from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb δέχομαι (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. Its etymology reflects the idea of receiving something in succession or taking over from another.

G0630

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-LYOO-san-tos

Translations: (of) having released, (of) having sent away, (of) having dismissed, (of) having divorced

Notes: This is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the aorist active participle of the verb 'ἀπολύω'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, functioning adjectivally or substantively. It means 'having released', 'having sent away', 'having dismissed', or 'having divorced', depending on the context. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the one of having released' or 'the act of having dismissed'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ἘΚΠΕΜΠΩ

G4387

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G1213