Clement’s First Letter Chapter 23, Interlinear version from Clement of Rome (Beta)

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3629

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: oyk-tir-MON

Translations: merciful, compassionate, pitiful, a merciful one, a compassionate one

Notes: This word describes someone who is full of pity, compassion, or mercy. It is often used to characterize God's nature, indicating His deep empathy and willingness to show kindness and forgiveness. It can be used to describe a person or, more commonly, God.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΛΕΗΜΩΝ

Etymology: From a derivative of the Greek word οἶκτος (oiktos), meaning 'pity' or 'compassion'.

G2596

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G2110

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-er-geh-tee-KOS

Translations: beneficial, benevolent, beneficent, philanthropic, a beneficial, a benevolent

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is disposed to do good, or that produces good effects. It refers to a quality of being helpful, kind, or advantageous. It can be used to describe a person, an action, or a policy that brings about positive outcomes or shows generosity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΓΑΘΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ, ΦΙΛΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΕΡΓΕΤΙΚΟΣ is derived from the Greek word ΕΥ̓ΕΡΓΕΤΗΣ (euergetēs), meaning 'benefactor', which itself comes from ΕΥ̓ (eu), meaning 'good' or 'well', and ΕΡΓΟΝ (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. Thus, it literally means 'doing good work'.

G4698

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SPLANGKH-nah

Translations: bowels, intestines, affections, compassion, pity

Notes: This word refers literally to the inner organs, such as the intestines or viscera. Metaphorically, it signifies the seat of emotions and deep feelings, particularly compassion, pity, or tender affections. It is often used to describe a profound emotional response or empathy towards others.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΤΙΡΜΟΙ, ΕΛΕΟΣ

Etymology: The word originates from an ancient Greek root referring to the inner parts of the body. It developed to also signify the seat of emotions and feelings.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G5399

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: foh-boo-MEH-noos

Translations: fearing, those fearing, being afraid, those being afraid

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'phobeo', meaning 'to fear' or 'to be afraid'. In this form, it describes individuals who are in the act of fearing or being afraid. It can function substantively, meaning 'those who fear' or 'those who are afraid', often referring to people who revere or respect God.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΕΔΙΟΤΑΣ, ΤΡΕΜΟΝΤΑΣ

G2265

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-pee-ohs

Translations: gently, mildly, kindly

Notes: This word describes an action performed in a gentle, mild, or kind manner. It suggests a soft and considerate approach, often implying a lack of harshness or severity. It is used to qualify verbs, indicating how an action is carried out.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΣΤΩΣ, ΜΑΛΑΚΩΣ

Etymology: The word derives from the adjective ἤπιος (ēpios), meaning 'mild, gentle, kind'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to words signifying 'softness' or 'calmness'.

G5037

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G0591

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-DIH-doy

Translations: give back, pay back, render, restore, repay, yield, give, deliver

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo, 'from, back') and the verb δίδωμι (didōmi, 'to give'). It means to give something back, to pay what is due, to render an account, or to restore something. It can also mean to yield fruit or to deliver something. In the provided form, it is used in a context of giving or rendering something to a person.

Inflection: Present, Optative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΟΝΤΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΟΥΣΙΝ

G4334

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-ER-kho-me-noys

Translations: to those coming to, to those approaching, to those drawing near

Notes: This word is a present participle, meaning 'coming to' or 'approaching'. It describes someone who is in the process of moving towards something or someone. It is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It is often used to describe people who are coming to a person, a place, or an idea.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine, Plural, Dative

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΠΑΡΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, towards', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come, to go'. It has been in use since ancient Greek times, signifying movement towards a destination or person.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G1271

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-AH-noy-ah

Translations: mind, understanding, a mind, an understanding, thought, purpose, intention, intellect

Notes: This word refers to the faculty of thinking, understanding, and reasoning. It encompasses the intellect, thoughts, intentions, and purposes of a person. It can describe the inner disposition or the way one thinks about something. It is a compound word formed from διά (dia, "through") and νοῦς (nous, "mind").

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΝΟΥΣ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ (dianoia) is a compound of διά (dia), meaning "through" or "across," and νοῦς (nous), meaning "mind" or "intellect." It literally means "a thinking through" or "a thorough understanding."

G1352

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: DEE-oh

Translations: therefore, wherefore, for this reason, on account of which

Notes: This is a compound conjunction formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'. It is used to introduce a consequence or conclusion, indicating that what follows is a result of what has just been stated. It functions similarly to 'therefore' or 'for this reason' in English.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G1374

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dip-sy-KHO-men

Translations: we are double-minded, we waver, we hesitate, we doubt

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to be double-minded' or 'to waver in mind'. It describes a state of indecision or inner conflict, where one is torn between two different courses of action or beliefs. It is often used in a moral or spiritual context to describe a lack of single-minded devotion or faith. The word is formed from 'δις' (dis), meaning 'twice' or 'double', and 'ψυχή' (psychē), meaning 'soul' or 'mind'.

Inflection: First Person, Plural, Present, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΔΙΣΤΑΖΩ, ΑΜΦΙΒΑΛΛΩ

G3366

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: MEE-deh

Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not

Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ

Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.

G2468

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: in-DAL-les-tho

Translations: appear, be seen, be manifest, be evident

Notes: This word means to appear, to be seen, or to be manifest. It describes something becoming visible or evident, often in a passive sense, indicating that something is being made to appear or is appearing to someone. It is used to describe how something presents itself to the senses or to the mind.

Inflection: Present, Imperative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ὈΠΤΑΝΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἰνδάλλω (indallō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to ἰνδάλλομαι (indallomai), meaning 'to appear' or 'to resemble'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G5590

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Ps-oo-KHEE

Translations: soul, life, mind, heart, a soul, a life

Notes: This word refers to the soul, the animating principle of a human or animal, often considered the seat of emotions, desires, and affections. It can also denote life itself, the individual person, or the mind/inner self. It is used in various contexts to refer to the breath of life, the spiritual part of a human being, or simply one's existence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ψύχω (psychō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the concept of breath as the essence of life.

G5235

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hoo-per-bal-LOO-sais

Translations: exceeding, surpassing, excellent, preeminent

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'ὑπερβάλλω' (hyperballō), meaning 'to throw over, to exceed, to surpass'. As an adjective, it describes something that is exceedingly great, outstanding, or preeminent. It is used to emphasize the extraordinary nature or quality of something, often implying a degree that goes beyond what is normal or expected.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΩΝ, ΕΞΑΙΡΕΤΟΣ

G1096

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-NES-thoh

Translations: let it be, let it come to pass, may it happen, let it become

Notes: This word is a verb in the imperative mood, expressing a command, wish, or permission for something to happen or come into existence. It is often translated as "let it be" or "may it happen," indicating a desired outcome or a divine decree. It is used to express a command or a strong desire for an event or state to occur.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Aorist, Middle Voice, Imperative Mood

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΓΙΓΝΟΜΑΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from an ancient Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to the English word 'kin' and 'genesis'.

G0575

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AF

Translations: from, away from, by, of

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΑΠΟ (APO), which means 'from' or 'away from'. The final vowel of ΑΠΟ is dropped (elided) when it precedes a word that begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the apostrophe-like symbol over the vowel). It indicates separation, origin, or cause, often translated as 'from' or 'away from'. It can also denote the agent 'by' or the source 'of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab, English off, and German ab.

G1124

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GRA-fay

Translations: writing, a writing, scripture, a scripture, document, a document

Notes: This word refers to something written, such as a document, a letter, or a record. In a religious context, especially within the New Testament, it frequently refers to the sacred writings or the Holy Scriptures. It can be used to denote the act of writing or the result of that act.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗ

Etymology: From the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write', which comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to scratch, carve'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G1374

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: dip-SYOO-khoi

Translations: double-minded, wavering, indecisive, double-souled, of two minds

Notes: This word describes someone who is 'double-minded,' meaning they are wavering, indecisive, or have divided loyalties. It is a compound word formed from 'δι-' (di-), meaning 'two' or 'twice,' and 'ψυχή' (psychē), meaning 'soul' or 'mind.' It refers to a person whose mind is split, unable to commit fully to one course of action or belief, often implying instability or hypocrisy.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΣΤΑΖΟΝΤΕΣ, ΑΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΤΟΣ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G4846

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soo-beh-BEE-ken

Translations: it has happened, it has come to pass, it has occurred, it has befallen

Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb 'συμβαίνω' (symbainō), which means 'to happen,' 'to occur,' or 'to come to pass.' It describes an action that has been completed in the past and whose effects continue into the present. It is often used impersonally, referring to events or circumstances.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word 'συμβαίνω' (symbainō) is a compound verb formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and 'βαίνω' (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step.' Thus, it literally means 'to go together' or 'to step with,' evolving to mean 'to come together' or 'to happen.'

G0453

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-NOH-ee-toy

Translations: foolish, senseless, unintelligent, without understanding, foolish ones, senseless ones

Notes: This word describes someone who is without understanding or sense, often implying a lack of spiritual or moral discernment rather than just intellectual capacity. It can refer to people who are thoughtless, imprudent, or even stupid. It is used to describe individuals or groups who fail to grasp important truths or act unwisely.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΦΡΩΝ, ΜΩΡΟΣ, ἈΣΥΝΕΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἀνόητος (anoētos) is a compound word formed from the privative prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and νοητός (noētos), meaning 'perceptible by the mind' or 'intelligible'. The root νοέω (noeō) means 'to perceive, to understand'. Thus, it literally means 'not understandable' or 'without understanding'.

G4820

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-BAH-leh-teh

Translations: compare, bring together, put together, meet, encounter, confer, contribute, come together, engage in conflict

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb ΣΥΜΒΑΛΛΩ, which is a compound word formed from ΣΥΝ (together with) and ΒΑΛΛΩ (to throw, cast). It means to bring things or people together, to meet, or to compare. In the context of the provided examples, it is used in the sense of 'compare yourselves'. It can also mean to engage in conflict or to contribute.

Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Imperative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΣΥΓΚΡΙΝΩ

G0288

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: am-PEH-lon

Translations: vineyard, a vineyard, vine, a vine

Notes: This word refers to a vineyard, which is a plantation of grapevines, or to the vine itself. It is commonly used in agricultural contexts and often appears in parables and allegories in the New Testament to represent spiritual concepts, such as the kingdom of God or the people of God.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word ἈΜΠΕΛΟΣ (ampelos) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has been used since ancient times to refer to a vine or vineyard.

G4413

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-ton

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G3303

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G0983

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BLAS-tos

Translations: sprout, a sprout, shoot, a shoot, branch, a branch, offspring, an offspring

Notes: This word refers to a young shoot or growth from a plant, such as a sprout or a branch. It can also metaphorically refer to offspring or progeny. It is typically used in a singular form, often describing new growth or a descendant.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΛΑΣΤΗΜΑ, ΦΥΤΟΝ, ΚΛΑΔΟΣ

Etymology: The word "ΒΛΑΣΤΟΣ" comes from the verb "βλαστάνω" (blastanō), meaning "to sprout" or "to grow." It is related to the idea of vigorous growth and new life.

G1096

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GHI-neh-tai

Translations: becomes, happens, is, is born, comes into being, takes place, arises

Notes: This verb is very common and versatile, meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to be born,' or 'to come into being.' It describes a state of transition or occurrence, indicating that something is coming into existence or changing its state. It can be used in various contexts to describe events, transformations, or the origin of something.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΚΤΩ

G0444

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AN-thos

Translations: flower, a flower, blossom, a blossom

Notes: This word refers to a flower or blossom. It is a neuter noun and is used to describe the blooming part of a plant. It can be used metaphorically to represent beauty, fragility, or the fleeting nature of life, similar to how 'flower' is used in English.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΡΙΝΟΝ, ΦΥΤΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂n̥t- (front, face), related to Sanskrit ándhas (herb, Soma plant). The word refers to the 'front' or 'face' of a plant, i.e., its bloom.

G3326

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3674

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OM-phax

Translations: unripe grape, a sour grape, a wild grape

Notes: This word refers to an unripe or sour grape, or more broadly, a wild grape. It is often used metaphorically to describe something immature, undeveloped, or unpleasant, similar to how a sour grape is unpalatable. It can be used in sentences to denote something that is not yet ready or has a negative quality due to its immaturity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The word ὈΜΦΑΞ is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has been used in Greek literature since ancient times to refer to unripe fruit, particularly grapes.

G3754

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G2540

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kahee-ROH

Translations: to time, to season, to opportunity, to a proper time, to a fixed time, to a due season, to a critical time

Notes: This word refers to a specific, opportune, or appointed time, often implying a critical or decisive moment. It is distinct from 'chronos' (χρόνος), which refers to chronological or sequential time. 'Kairos' emphasizes the qualitative aspect of time, focusing on the right or fitting moment for something to happen. It is used in contexts where a particular event or action is expected or appropriate.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΩΡΑ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ

G3640

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-li-GOH-oh

Translations: I make little, I diminish, I despise, I make light of, I belittle

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make little, to diminish, to despise, or to belittle'. It describes the action of reducing something in size, importance, or value. It can be used in contexts where someone or something is being made insignificant or treated with contempt.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΜΕΙΟΩ, ἘΛΑΤΤΟΩ, ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ὈΛΙΓΟΩ (oligoo) is derived from the adjective ὈΛΙΓΟΣ (oligos), meaning 'little, few'. It describes the action of making something 'little' or 'few'.

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G3959

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-PEH-ee-ron

Translations: ripened, matured, brought to maturity, become ripe, become mature

Notes: This word is the perfect active participle of the verb 'πεπαίνω' (pepainō), meaning 'to ripen' or 'to mature'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that has reached a state of ripeness or maturity. It can be used to describe fruit that has become ripe, or a person who has matured.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From 'πέπων' (pepōn), meaning 'ripe'.

G2658

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-TAHN-tah

Translations: to come to, to arrive at, to reach, to attain

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and the verb ἀντάω (antaō), meaning 'to meet' or 'to come opposite to'. Together, it signifies the action of coming to a specific place or state, arriving at a destination, or reaching a particular point or goal. It implies a movement towards and a successful arrival.

Inflection: Present, Imperative, Active, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΘΑΝΩ, ΑΦΙΚΝΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΝΤΑΩ is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and the verb ἀντάω (antaō), meaning 'to meet' or 'to come opposite to'.

G2590

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-POS

Translations: fruit, a fruit, crop, produce, result, profit, deed

Notes: This word refers to the literal fruit of plants, trees, or the earth, such as a crop or produce. It can also be used metaphorically to describe the outcome or result of an action, effort, or life, often translated as 'fruit' in the sense of 'the fruit of one's labor' or 'the fruit of the Spirit'. It is a masculine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΗΜΑ, ΕΚΒΑΣΙΣ, ΕΡΓΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΡΠΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to pluck' or 'to gather'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in use since classical times.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G5035

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: ta-KHOO

Translations: quick, swift, fast, quickly, swiftly, soon, immediately

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'quick' or 'swift', describing something that moves or happens at a high speed. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'quickly', 'swiftly', 'soon', or 'immediately', indicating the manner or timing of an action. For example, it can describe a 'swift witness' or an action that happens 'quickly'.

Inflection: Neuter Singular Nominative or Accusative (as adjective), Adverbial form (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΕΩΣ, ΑΙΦΝΙΔΙΩΣ, ΣΠΕΥΔΩ

Etymology: The word ΤΑΧΥ (tachy) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *teh₂g- meaning 'to touch, to handle', which evolved to imply speed or quickness in Greek.

G1810

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eks-AIF-nees

Translations: suddenly, unexpectedly, at once

Notes: This word is an adverb that describes an action or event happening without warning or preparation. It indicates an abrupt and unforeseen occurrence, similar to how one might say 'all of a sudden' in English. It is used to emphasize the suddenness of something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑἸΦΝΙΔΙΩΣ, ἈΦΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἘΞΑΙΦΝΗΣ is an adverb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and the noun αἴφνης (aiphnes, 'suddenness'), which itself is related to ἄφνω (aphno, 'suddenly'). It conveys the sense of something emerging 'out of suddenness'.

G5048

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: teh-lei-oh-THEE-seh-tai

Translations: will be completed, will be perfected, will be finished, will be brought to an end

Notes: This word is the future passive indicative form of the verb 'teleioō'. It means 'will be completed' or 'will be perfected'. It describes an action that will be brought to its full and intended conclusion, often implying a state of perfection or fulfillment. It is used to indicate that something will reach its ultimate goal or final state.

Inflection: Future, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΩ, ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΩ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1012

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: boo-LEE-mah

Translations: purpose, a purpose, will, a will, counsel, a counsel, design, a design, resolve, a resolve

Notes: This word refers to a purpose, will, or design, often implying a deliberate intention or plan. It can describe a decision or resolution that has been made. It is used to express the inward determination or intention of a person.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb βούλομαι (boulomai), meaning 'to will' or 'to wish'. It refers to the result or object of willing or purposing.

G4901

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-ep-ee-mar-too-ROO-sees

Translations: bearing witness with, testifying with, confirming, attesting, of bearing witness with, of testifying with, of confirming, of attesting

Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the prefix 'σύν' (with), 'ἐπί' (upon, in addition), and 'μαρτυρέω' (to bear witness). It describes an action of bearing witness or testifying alongside something or someone else, or providing additional confirmation. It implies a corroborating or supporting testimony. It is used to describe something that is in the process of confirming or attesting.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G2962

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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss

Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir

Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.

G0040

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: HAH-gee-os

Translations: holy, sacred, pure, saint, a saint

Notes: This word describes something or someone as holy, sacred, or set apart for God. It can refer to God Himself, to people who are consecrated to God, or to things that are dedicated to religious use. It is often used in a moral sense to describe purity or righteousness. When used as a noun, it refers to a saint or a holy one.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΌΣΙΟΣ, ΚΑΘΑΡΟΣ, ΙΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The etymology of ΑΓΙΟΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to words meaning 'awe' or 'reverence', suggesting something that inspires veneration and is set apart.

G4328

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-doh-KAH-teh

Translations: you expect, you await, you look for, expect, await, look for

Notes: This word means to expect, await, or look for something or someone. It implies a sense of anticipation, often with a degree of certainty or hope. It can be used in various contexts, such as expecting a future event, awaiting a person's arrival, or looking for a specific outcome.

Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Present, Indicative or Imperative, Active

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ, ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards,' and the verb δοκάω (dokaō), meaning 'to think' or 'to seem.' The combination suggests 'to think towards' or 'to look forward to with expectation.'

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Clement’s First Letter, Chapter 23

Interlinear version from Clement of Rome (Beta)

23:1

23:2

23:3

23:4

23:5

This interlinear database is in beta