2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-GRIP-pahs

Translations: Agrippa

Notes: Agrippa is a Roman personal name, often associated with members of the Herodian dynasty who ruled over parts of Judea. It refers to several historical figures, most notably Herod Agrippa I and Herod Agrippa II, both of whom are mentioned in the New Testament. The name signifies a person of Roman origin or influence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Agrippa is of Latin origin, derived from 'Agrippa', a Roman cognomen. It was traditionally given to children born feet first (breech birth).

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2010

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-TREH-peh-tai

Translations: it is permitted, it is allowed, it is lawful

Notes: This word means 'it is permitted' or 'it is allowed'. It is a verb used impersonally, meaning the action of permitting or allowing is happening, but without a specific subject performing the action. It often implies that something is lawful or permissible according to custom, law, or authority. For example, 'it is permitted to speak' or 'it is allowed to go'.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular, Impersonal

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΣΤΙ, ΔΥΝΑΤΑΙ

G4771

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G4572

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: seh-af-TOO

Translations: of yourself, of thyself

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'of yourself' or 'of thyself'. It is used when the action of the verb reflects back on the subject. It is a compound word formed from the second person pronoun 'σύ' (you) and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (self).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Etymology: The word ΣΕΑΥΤΟΥ is a compound of the second person pronoun ΣΥ (you) and the intensive pronoun ΑΥΤΟΣ (self). It developed from earlier forms of these words in Ancient Greek.

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G1614

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ek-TEI-nas

Translations: having stretched out, stretching out, extending, having extended

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ekteinō', meaning 'to stretch out' or 'to extend'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It typically refers to the stretching out of a limb, such as a hand or arm, or the extension of something else, like a thought or a line.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΝΩ, ΕΚΤΕΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'ekteinō' is a compound word formed from the prefix 'ek-' (meaning 'out of' or 'from') and the verb 'teinō' (meaning 'to stretch' or 'to extend').

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G0626

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-loh-GAY-ee-toh

Translations: he was defending himself, he was making a defense, he was speaking in defense

Notes: This word describes the act of defending oneself, making a defense, or speaking in one's own behalf. It implies a formal or public statement made to justify one's actions or beliefs, often in response to an accusation or criticism. It is used when someone is presenting an argument or explanation to clear their name or explain their position.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΟΓΟΥΜΑΙ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΩ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G0002

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-GRIP-pah

Translations: Agrippa

Notes: Agrippa is a proper noun, referring to a male individual. In the New Testament, it primarily refers to Herod Agrippa I and Herod Agrippa II, who were Roman client kings of Judea. It is used as a direct address or as the subject/object of a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Agrippa is of Latin origin, derived from the Roman cognomen Agrippa. It was traditionally given to children born feet first, from Latin 'aegre partus' meaning 'born with difficulty' or 'aegre pes' meaning 'difficult foot'.

G2233

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: HEE-gee-my

Translations: I have considered, I have thought, I have esteemed, I have accounted, I have regarded, I have led

Notes: This word is the perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'hegeomai'. In its active voice, it means 'to lead, guide, or command'. In its middle or passive voice, as it is here, it means 'to consider, think, esteem, or account'. The perfect tense indicates a completed action with ongoing results, so 'I have considered' or 'I have esteemed' are appropriate translations, implying a state of mind or conclusion reached.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΟΙΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ

Etymology: The word Ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to lead, to guide'. It is related to words signifying leadership and direction.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G3195

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: MEL-lohn

Translations: about to, going to, destined to, future

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'μέλλω' (mellō), meaning 'to be about to' or 'to intend to'. It indicates an action that is imminent, impending, or destined to occur. It often functions like a future tense auxiliary verb in English, showing that the subject is on the verge of doing something or that something is about to happen.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words signifying delay or hesitation, evolving to mean 'to be about to' or 'to intend'.

G0626

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-loh-GEH-ee-sthai

Translations: to make a defense, to defend oneself, to give an account, to plead one's cause

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb λογέομαι (logeomai), meaning 'to speak' or 'to reason'. It means to speak in defense of oneself, to make a formal defense, or to give an account for one's actions. It is often used in legal or formal contexts where someone is called upon to justify their conduct or beliefs.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΙΟΩ, ἈΠΟΛΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is derived from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb λογέομαι (logeomai), which is related to λόγος (logos), meaning 'word' or 'reason'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak away from' or 'to speak in defense'.

G3122

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MA-lis-TA

Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'

Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'

G5607

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tah

Translations: being, existing, things that are, beings, real things

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something that is or exists. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating a state of being or existence. It can refer to 'those who are' or 'things that are', depending on the context and gender.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter Plural; or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ὙΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ

Etymology: The word εἰμί (eimi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es- meaning 'to be'. It is a fundamental verb in many Indo-European languages.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G2064

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ETH-ohn

Translations: having gone, having come, going, coming

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It indicates someone who has performed the action of coming or going.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΛΘΩΝ, ΒΑΣ

Etymology: The word ἔρχομαι (erchomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁erǵʰ-, meaning 'to go' or 'to move'. It is related to other words in various Indo-European languages that convey the idea of movement.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1352

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: DEE-oh

Translations: therefore, wherefore, for this reason, on account of which

Notes: This is a compound conjunction formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'. It is used to introduce a consequence or conclusion, indicating that what follows is a result of what has just been stated. It functions similarly to 'therefore' or 'for this reason' in English.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'.

G1189

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DEH-oh-my

Translations: I beg, I pray, I ask, I entreat, I implore, I need, I want

Notes: This verb means to beg, pray, ask, or entreat. It often implies a sense of need or desire for something. It can be used to express a request to someone or for something, often followed by an infinitive or a genitive case indicating what is needed or requested.

Inflection: First person singular, Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: From an uncontracted form of the verb δέω (deō), meaning 'to bind' or 'to lack'. The middle voice often conveys the sense of 'to be in need of' or 'to ask for oneself'.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-neen

Translations: having become, having come to be, having happened, having occurred, having arisen, having been made, having been done

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already taken place, functioning like an adjective or adverb to modify a noun or verb. It indicates a completed state or event, often translated with 'having been' or 'having become' followed by a past participle.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Feminine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΥΙΑΝ, ΠΕΦΥΚΥΙΑΝ

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-nay

Translations: (to) nation, (to) people, (to) Gentiles, (to) a nation, (to) a people

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it often refers specifically to the Gentiles, meaning non-Jewish people. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΓΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἔθνος (ethnos) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'custom, habit'. It refers to a group of people living together, sharing common customs or characteristics, and thus forming a nation or people.

G2414

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-ro-so-LY-moys

Translations: (to) Jerusalem, (in) Jerusalem, (at) Jerusalem

Notes: This word refers to the city of Jerusalem, a significant city in ancient Israel and a central location in many biblical narratives. It is used here in the dative case, indicating location or direction, such as 'in Jerusalem' or 'to Jerusalem'.

Inflection: Dative, Plural

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'foundation of peace' or 'city of peace'. It is a compound word derived from 'yara' (to found, to lay a cornerstone) and 'shalom' (peace).

G1492

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-sah-see

Translations: they know, they have known

Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'they know' or 'they have known'. It is the third person plural perfect active indicative of the verb 'oida', which means 'to know'. In Koine Greek, the perfect tense of 'oida' often functions with a present meaning, indicating a state of knowledge that resulted from a past act of learning. It is used to describe what a group of people currently understand or are aware of.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Perfect Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: The verb ΟΙΔΑ (oida) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive', which evolved into 'to know' in Greek. It is related to the Latin 'videre' (to see) and English 'wit' or 'wisdom'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2453

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oy

Translations: Jews, the Jews

Notes: This word refers to the Jewish people, the inhabitants of Judea, or those who are ethnically or religiously Jewish. It is often used in the New Testament to distinguish the Jewish people from Gentiles (non-Jews).

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word originates from the Hebrew word 'Yehudi' (יהודי), meaning 'of Judah' or 'from the land of Judah'. It refers to the descendants of Judah, one of the twelve sons of Jacob, and later to the inhabitants of the kingdom of Judah.

G4267

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pro-ghi-NOH-skon-tes

Translations: foreknowing, knowing beforehand, having known beforehand

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'foreknowing' or 'knowing beforehand'. It is a compound word formed from 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before', and 'γινώσκω' (ginosko), meaning 'to know'. It describes someone who possesses prior knowledge or understanding of something. It can be used to describe an action that is ongoing or habitual, emphasizing the state of having foreknowledge.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΟΡΑΩ, ΠΡΟΕΡΩ

G0509

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AH-noh-then

Translations: from above, from the top, again, anew, from the beginning

Notes: This word is an adverb that can have both a spatial and a temporal meaning. Spatially, it means 'from above' or 'from the top,' indicating origin or direction from a higher place. Temporally, it means 'again,' 'anew,' or 'from the beginning,' indicating a repetition or a fresh start. Its specific meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΛΙΝ, ἘΚ ΠΡΩΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΩΘΕΝ is formed from the adverb ἄνω (anō), meaning 'upwards' or 'above,' combined with the suffix -θεν (-then), which indicates origin or direction 'from' a place. Thus, it literally means 'from above' or 'from an upper place,' and by extension, 'from the beginning' or 'again'.

G1437

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G3140

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mar-too-REH-in

Translations: to bear witness, to testify, to give evidence, to give testimony, to be a witness

Notes: This word means to bear witness, to testify, or to give evidence. It is used to describe the act of providing testimony or confirmation, often in a legal or formal context, but also in a general sense of affirming truth. For example, one might testify about what they have seen or heard, or a statement might bear witness to a fact.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΩ, ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ, ΣΥΜΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek word μάρτυς (martys), meaning 'witness'. It developed into a verb meaning 'to be a witness' or 'to testify'.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G0196

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-kree-bes-TAH-teen

Translations: most accurate, most exact, most precise, most strict, most careful, a most accurate, a most exact, a most precise, a most strict, a most careful

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'akribēs', meaning 'accurate' or 'exact'. As a superlative, it means 'most accurate' or 'most exact'. It describes something that is done with the highest degree of precision, care, or strictness. It can be used to describe a detailed account, a careful examination, or a strict adherence to rules.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Superlative

Synonyms: ΑΚΡΙΒΗΣ, ΕΞΑΚΡΙΒΩΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΗΣ

G0139

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hah-EE-reh-sin

Translations: choice, a choice, selection, a selection, party, a party, sect, a sect, heresy, a heresy, division, a division

Notes: This word refers to a choice or a selection. It can also denote a group of people who have made a particular choice or hold a specific set of beliefs, thus forming a party, sect, or even a heresy. In some contexts, it can imply a division or faction. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΓΜΑ, ΣΧΙΣΜΑ, ΔΙΑΙΡΕΣΙΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G5330

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: fah-ree-SAI-oss

Translations: Pharisee, a Pharisee

Notes: A Pharisee was a member of an ancient Jewish sect, distinguished by strict observance of the traditional and written law. They were a prominent religious and political group during the time of Jesus, often depicted in the New Testament as legalistic and hypocritical, though they were also respected by many for their piety.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: From Aramaic פְּרִישָׁא (pərīšā), meaning 'separated one' or 'separatist', referring to their strict adherence to the Law and separation from common people.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nays

Translations: (of) having become, (of) having happened, (of) being, (of) coming into existence, (of) being born, (of) being made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring, often functioning like a verbal adjective or an adverbial clause. In this form, it indicates a feminine singular genitive relationship, often translated as 'of having become' or 'when it became' in a genitive absolute construction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Aorist Middle Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ESS-tay-kah

Translations: I stand, I have stood, I am standing, I have taken my stand

Notes: This word is the perfect active indicative, first person singular form of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. Although it is a perfect tense form, it often carries a present meaning in Koine Greek, indicating a state of having stood and therefore being in a standing position. It describes a completed action with ongoing results, such as 'I have stood and therefore I am standing'. It can be used to describe someone standing in a particular place or taking a firm position.

Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΜΜΕΝΩ, ΜΕΝΩ, ΠΑΡΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G2919

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kree-NOH-meh-nos

Translations: being judged, being decided, being contended with, being separated, being distinguished

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'κρίνω' (krino). It describes an action that is currently happening to the subject, indicating that the subject is undergoing judgment, decision, or separation by an external force or by themselves. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing the circumstances of an action.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΑΠΟΦΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The verb κρίνω (krino) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to separate' or 'to distinguish'. Over time, its meaning evolved to include 'to judge' or 'to decide', implying a process of distinguishing between right and wrong, or making a determination.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1618

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ek-TEH-ni-ah

Translations: earnestness, an earnestness, intensity, an intensity, diligence, a diligence, perseverance, a perseverance

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being earnest, intense, or diligent. It describes a state of focused and sustained effort, often implying a fervent or zealous commitment to an action or task. It is used to convey the idea of doing something with great zeal, thoroughness, or persistence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΠΟΥΔΗ, ΠΡΟΘΥΜΙΑ, ΖΗΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΚΤΕΝΕΙΑ (ektenia) is derived from the adjective ἐκτενής (ektenēs), meaning 'stretched out, earnest, intense'. This, in turn, comes from the verb ἐκτείνω (ekteinō), meaning 'to stretch out, extend'. The noun therefore conveys the idea of an 'outstretching' of effort or intensity.

G3000

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-TREH-oo-on

Translations: serving, worshipping, ministering, performing sacred service

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'latreuo,' meaning to serve, worship, or minister. It specifically refers to rendering service, often of a religious or sacred nature, to God or a deity. It can also imply performing a duty or service for someone. In this form, it is a present active participle, indicating an ongoing action of serving or worshipping.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΕΩ

G2658

G3588, G3739, G3778, G5101

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tahn-TEE-sai

Translations: to arrive at, to come to, to reach, to attain, to come upon

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the preposition κατά (kata, 'down' or 'against') and the verb ἀντάω (antaō, 'to meet'). It means to arrive at a specific place or to reach a particular state or goal. It often implies a successful or destined arrival.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΘΑΝΩ, ΑΦΙΚΝΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From κατά (kata, 'down, against') and ἀντάω (antaō, 'to meet'). The sense of 'meeting' or 'coming face to face' evolved into 'arriving at' or 'reaching'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: HAYS

Translations: (of) the, (of) who, (of) which, (of) this, (of) that, (of) what

Notes: The word "ΗΣ" is a versatile form in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as the genitive singular for masculine and feminine nouns. It can be the genitive singular of the definite article 'the', indicating possession or relationship. It can also be the genitive singular of the relative pronoun 'who/which', connecting clauses, or the demonstrative pronoun 'this/that', pointing to something specific. Additionally, it can be the genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun 'what/who', used in questions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

G1680

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: el-PEE-dos

Translations: of hope, of a hope

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'hope'. It refers to an expectation, a confident anticipation, or a trust in something. As a genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the object of an action, hence 'of hope' or 'belonging to hope'. It is commonly used to express the concept of having or lacking hope.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΙΣ, ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'Ἐλπίς' (elpis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to hope, to expect'. It is related to the verb 'ἐλπίζω' (elpizō), meaning 'to hope' or 'to expect'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G0001

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PIS-ton

Translations: unbelieving, faithless, incredible, unbelievable, an unbelieving thing, an incredible thing

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is without faith or belief, or something that is unbelievable or incredible. It can refer to a person who lacks trust or conviction, or to a situation or claim that is difficult to believe. It is often used to describe those who do not believe in God or Christ, or things that are deemed impossible or beyond belief.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΙΘΗΣ, ΑΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'πιστός' (pistos, meaning 'faithful' or 'believing').

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G1453

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GAY-ree

Translations: he raises, she raises, it raises, he awakens, she awakens, it awakens, he stirs up, she stirs up, it stirs up, he lifts up, she lifts up, it lifts up

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to raise, awaken, or stir up. It is used to describe the action of causing something or someone to rise, either physically (like raising a person from sleep or from the ground) or metaphorically (like stirring up conflict or emotion). It can also mean to build or erect something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΔΙΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ

G1473

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G1391

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOX-ah

Translations: I thought, I seemed, I decided, I glorified, I honored

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to think', 'to seem', 'to decide', 'to glorify', or 'to honor'. Its meaning can vary depending on context. When used in the active voice, it often means 'to glorify' or 'to honor'. In the middle or passive voice, it can mean 'to be glorified' or 'to be honored'. It can also be used impersonally to mean 'it seemed good' or 'it was decided'.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΤΙΜΑΩ, ΕΥΛΟΓΕΩ

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G1163

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DEIN

Translations: to be necessary, to be needful, to be proper, to be right, to be fitting, to be binding, to be obligatory, to be due, to be destined, to be fated, to be required, to be compelled, to be obliged, to need, to have to, must, ought

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the impersonal verb 'ΔΕΙ'. It means 'to be necessary' or 'it is necessary'. It is often used to express obligation, necessity, or what is proper or destined to happen. It typically takes an infinitive as its subject, indicating what must or ought to be done.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

G1727

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-NAN-tee-ah

Translations: opposite, contrary, hostile, an adversary, a contrary thing, an opposite thing, against, in opposition to

Notes: This word describes something that is opposite, contrary, or hostile. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun, or as a noun itself to refer to an adversary or opponent. When used with a preposition, it can function adverbially to mean 'against' or 'in opposition to'. For example, 'ἐκ ἐναντίας' means 'from the opposite side' or 'in opposition'.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Accusative; or Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΧΘΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙΔΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ (enantios) comes from the Greek preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in', and ἀντίος (antios), meaning 'set against' or 'opposite'. It describes something that is in opposition or contrary to something else.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-POY-ay-sah

Translations: I made, I did, I created, I produced

Notes: This is a common verb meaning 'to make', 'to do', 'to create', or 'to produce'. It describes the act of bringing something into existence or performing an action. The form 'ἘΠΟΙΗΣΑ' specifically indicates a completed action in the past, performed by the speaker ('I'). It is often used in contexts of creation, performance of deeds, or the execution of commands.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G0040

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: hah-GHEE-ohn

Translations: of holy ones, of saints, of holy things

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'hagios', meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. When used substantively, it refers to 'holy ones' or 'saints'. It describes something belonging to or associated with those who are set apart for God or dedicated to a sacred purpose. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin, such as 'the words of the holy ones' or 'the temple of holy things'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΩΝ, ΟΣΙΩΝ, ΚΑΘΑΡΩΝ

G5438

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foo-LA-kays

Translations: (to) a prison, (to) a guard, (to) a watch, (to) a watch-post, (to) a custody, (to) a keeping

Notes: This word refers to a place of confinement, such as a prison or jail, or to the act of guarding or keeping watch. It can also denote a period of time during which a watch is kept, like a night watch. In a sentence, it would indicate the location or the purpose of an action related to guarding or being confined.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΡΙΟΝ, ΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ, ΚΟΥΣΤΩΔΙΑ

G2696

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tek-KLEI-sah

Translations: I shut up, I imprisoned, I confined, I locked up

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb κλείω (kleiō, meaning 'to shut' or 'to close'). It means to shut someone or something in, to confine, or to imprison. It is used to describe the act of locking someone away or keeping them in custody.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΚΙΖΩ, ΔΕΣΜΕΥΩ, ΣΥΓΚΛΕΙΩ

Etymology: The word κατακλείω is formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb κλείω (kleiō), meaning 'to shut' or 'to close'.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-REH-ohn

Translations: of high priests, of chief priests

Notes: This word refers to those who hold the highest priestly office. In ancient Israel, this was the head of the priesthood, responsible for leading religious ceremonies and sacrifices. In the New Testament, it often refers to the leading members of the Jewish priestly class, including the high priest and other prominent priests.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΕΙΣ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'first' or 'chief', and ἱερεύς (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It literally means 'chief priest'.

G1849

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ex-oo-SEE-an

Translations: authority, power, right, a right, jurisdiction, a jurisdiction, liberty, a liberty

Notes: This word refers to the right or power to do something, often implying delegated authority or freedom to act. It can describe official power, the ability to act, or even the freedom to choose.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΙΣΧΥΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἔξεστι (exesti), meaning 'it is lawful' or 'it is permitted'. It denotes the state of being free to act, hence authority or power.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: lah-BOHN

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the means or circumstance by which another action takes place. For example, 'having taken the book, he read it' or 'receiving the gift, she smiled.'

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΛΗΦΩΣ

G0337

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-ee-roo-MEH-non

Translations: of those being taken up, of those being taken away, of those being killed, of those being destroyed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anaireō', meaning 'to take up', 'to take away', or 'to kill/destroy'. In this form, it describes a group of people or things that are in the process of being taken up, taken away, or killed/destroyed. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to saying 'belonging to those who are being...' or 'concerning those who are being...'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Middle/Passive Voice, Present Tense

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΛΛΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΦΟΝΕΥΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G2702

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tee-NENG-kah

Translations: I brought down, I carried down, I brought, I carried, I cast down, I threw down

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to bring down,' 'to carry down,' or 'to cast down.' It is often used to describe the action of physically moving something or someone from a higher place to a lower one, or simply bringing something to a particular location. It can also imply a forceful action of throwing or casting down.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΦΕΡΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb ΦΕΡΩ (pherō), meaning 'to bear,' 'to carry,' or 'to bring.'

G4178

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pol-LAK-is

Translations: often, many times, frequently

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'often' or 'frequently'. It is used to indicate that an action or event occurs on numerous occasions. For example, one might say 'he often visits' or 'it frequently happens'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΧΝΩΣ, ΠΟΛΛΑ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΛΛΑΚΙΣ' is derived from the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many', combined with the adverbial suffix '-κις' (-kis), which denotes 'times' or 'on occasions'.

G5097

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: tee-mo-ROHN

Translations: avenging, punishing, taking vengeance, chastising

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'avenging' or 'punishing'. It describes someone who is currently engaged in the act of taking vengeance or inflicting punishment. It can be used to describe a person or entity that is acting as an avenger or punisher.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Genitive, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΔΙΚΩΝ, ΚΟΛΑΖΩΝ, ΤΙΝΩΝ

Etymology: From τιμή (timē, 'honor, value') and ὀρέω (oreō, 'to care for, to look after'). The original sense was 'to be a helper, to defend', which evolved to 'to avenge' or 'to punish' someone on behalf of another.

G0315

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-nahng-KAH-zohn

Translations: they were compelling, they were forcing, they were urging, they were pressing

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to compel,' 'to force,' or 'to urge.' It describes an action where someone is made to do something against their will or under strong persuasion. It is used to indicate an ongoing or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΙΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΑΓΚΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναγκάζω (anagkazo) comes from ἀνάγκη (anankē), meaning 'necessity' or 'compulsion.' It describes the act of putting someone under such a necessity.

G4057

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: peh-ris-SOHSS

Translations: exceedingly, abundantly, much, greatly, beyond measure, extremely

Notes: This word is an adverb used to emphasize the degree or intensity of an action or quality. It indicates something is done or exists to an exceptional or extraordinary extent, often translated as 'exceedingly' or 'abundantly'. It can be used to describe how much something is done or how strong a quality is.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡΕΚΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΥ, ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΛΙΑΝ

Etymology: The word "ΠΕΡΙΣΣΩΣ" is derived from the adjective "ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΣ" (perissos), meaning 'exceeding, abundant, superfluous'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G1377

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DEE-oh-kon

Translations: they were pursuing, they were persecuting, they were chasing, they were following, they were running after

Notes: This is a verb in the imperfect active indicative, third person plural. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. The verb generally means 'to pursue,' 'to chase,' 'to persecute,' or 'to follow.' It can be used literally, as in chasing an enemy, or figuratively, as in pursuing a goal or persecuting someone for their beliefs.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΩ, ΚΥΝΗΓΕΩ, ΔΙΩΓΜΟΣ

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G1854

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EX-oh

Translations: outside, out, without, abroad

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'outside' or 'out'. It indicates a position or direction away from an interior or a boundary. It can be used to describe something that is physically located outside, or metaphorically, something that is excluded or beyond a certain limit.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΟΣ, ΕΞΩΘΕΝ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the suffix -ω, which forms adverbs of place. It denotes a position or movement from the inside to the outside.

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: por-YOO-oh-men-os

Translations: going, walking, traveling, proceeding, a traveler, one who goes

Notes: This word is a present participle, meaning 'going' or 'walking'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who is going'). It is often used to describe someone moving from one place to another, or metaphorically, to describe a course of action or way of life.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΟΔΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word πορεύομαι (poreuomai) is derived from πόρος (poros), meaning 'a way, a passage, a ford'. It signifies movement along a path or journey.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G2012

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-tro-PES

Translations: of stewardship, of guardianship, of administration, of procuratorship, of a commission

Notes: This word refers to the act or office of managing affairs, especially as a steward, guardian, or administrator. It can also denote the authority or responsibility given to someone to oversee or manage something, such as a commission or procuratorship. It is used to describe the period during which such an administration takes place.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ, ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπίτροπος (epitropos, “steward, guardian”), from ἐπί (epi, “upon, over”) + τρέπω (trepō, “to turn”). It refers to one who is 'turned over' or 'entrusted' with something.

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G3087

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lam-PRO-tee-tah

Translations: brightness, a brightness, splendor, a splendor, glory, a glory, magnificence, a magnificence

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being bright, radiant, or splendid. It can denote physical brilliance, such as the brightness of light, or metaphorical splendor, like the glory or magnificence of a person, place, or achievement. It is used to describe something that is visually striking or impressive.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΞΑ, ΦΩΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΕΙΟΤΗΣ

G4037

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: peh-ree-LAM-psan

Translations: shining around, flashing around, illuminating, shining brightly around

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from περί (peri), meaning "around" or "about," and λάμπω (lampō), meaning "to shine" or "to give light." Therefore, it means "to shine around" or "to illuminate all around." As a participle, it describes an action of shining that is happening or has happened around something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΠΩ, ΦΩΤΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition περί (peri), meaning "around" or "about," and the verb λάμπω (lampō), meaning "to shine." The root λάμπω comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to shine."

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: por-yoo-MEH-noos

Translations: going, traveling, proceeding, walking, a going, a traveling, a proceeding, a walking

Notes: This word is a present participle, meaning 'going' or 'traveling'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, but it retains verbal characteristics, such as tense and voice. It is often used to describe someone who is in the process of moving from one place to another.

Inflection: Participle, Present, Middle/Passive, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΟΔΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word πορεύομαι (poreuomai) is derived from πόρος (poros), meaning 'a way, a passage, a ford'. It signifies the act of making one's way or passing through.

G2667

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-peh-SON-tone

Translations: having fallen down, of having fallen down, a having fallen down

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'katapiptō', meaning 'to fall down' or 'to prostrate oneself'. It describes an action that has already occurred. It is often used to indicate a complete or decisive fall, whether literally falling to the ground or collapsing in some other way. It can also imply prostration as an act of worship or submission.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYN

Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region

Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOO-sahn

Translations: saying, speaking, telling, calling, meaning

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing a noun that is performing the action of saying or speaking. It is used to indicate an ongoing action of speaking or stating something, often translated as 'saying' or 'who says'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΣΑΝ, ΦΩΝΟΥΣΑΝ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1258

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ah-LEK-toh

Translations: (to) language, (to) dialect, (to) speech, a language, a dialect, a speech

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'διάλεκτος'. It refers to a specific language, a dialect, or a particular manner of speaking. In the dative case, it often indicates the means, instrument, or location, so it can be translated as 'by language', 'in language', or 'to language', depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΛΩΣΣΑ, ΛΑΛΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb διαλέγομαι (dialegomai), meaning 'to converse' or 'to discuss'. It is formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and λέγω (legō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'.

G4642

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: SKLEE-ron

Translations: hard, harsh, difficult, severe, stubborn, a hard thing, a harsh thing

Notes: This word describes something that is hard, harsh, or difficult. It can refer to physical hardness, but more often it describes something that is severe, unyielding, or stubborn, such as a harsh saying, a difficult task, or a stubborn heart. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating their quality of being hard or difficult.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΟΣ, ΒΑΡΥΣ, ΑΠΟΤΟΜΟΣ

G2979

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lak-TID-zane

Translations: to kick, to kick against, to resist

Notes: This verb means to kick, often with the sense of kicking against something or someone. It can be used literally, referring to physical kicking, or metaphorically, implying resistance or opposition, especially against authority or divine will. It describes an act of forceful rejection or defiance.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΑΤΑΩ, ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek λάξ (lax, “with the heel, kicking”) + -ίζω (-izō, verbal suffix).

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss

Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir

Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-MEE

Translations: I am, to be, exist, happen

Notes: This is the Koine Greek verb 'to be', 'to exist', or 'to happen'. It is a fundamental and highly irregular verb, often used as a copula (a linking verb) to connect the subject of a sentence to a predicate noun or adjective, indicating identity or a state of being. It can also indicate existence or occurrence. For example, 'Ἐγὼ εἰμι' translates to 'I am'.

Inflection: First person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: This verb is one of the oldest and most fundamental verbs in the Greek language, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages.

G2424

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-ay-SOOS

Translations: Jesus, Joshua

Notes: This is a proper name, transliterated from the Hebrew name Yeshua or Yehoshua. It refers to the central figure of Christianity, Jesus Christ, or to Joshua, the successor of Moses in the Old Testament. It is used to identify a specific individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The Koine Greek name Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Yehoshua), meaning 'Yahweh is salvation' or 'Yahweh saves'. It is also related to the shorter form יֵשׁוּעַ (Yeshua).

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G0450

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: Ah-nas-TAY-thee

Translations: Rise up!, Stand up!, Arise!

Notes: This word is a command, specifically telling one person to 'rise up' or 'stand up'. It can be used literally, such as rising from a seated or prone position, or metaphorically, such as rising to action or from a state of inactivity or death. It functions as a direct order or exhortation.

Inflection: 2nd Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Imperative

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΟ, ΣΤΗΘΙ

Etymology: The word ἀνίστημι (anistēmi), from which ἈΝΑΣΤΗΘΙ is derived, is formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to set'. Thus, it literally means 'to stand up' or 'to cause to stand up again'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-FTHAYN

Translations: I was seen, I appeared, I showed myself

Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'to see'. It means 'I was seen' or 'I appeared'. It describes an action completed in the past where the subject is the one being seen or made visible, rather than actively seeing something.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb Ὁράω (horao) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'. The aorist passive forms, like ὨΦΘΗΝ, are often derived from the root ὀπ- (op-), which is related to the eye and seeing.

G5257

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-pee-REH-ten

Translations: servant, a servant, assistant, an assistant, minister, a minister, officer, an officer

Notes: This word refers to a servant, assistant, or minister, often implying someone who serves in a subordinate capacity, especially in public or official duties. It can also refer to an officer or attendant, particularly one who carries out commands or serves a higher authority. It is used in sentences to describe someone who performs a service or acts as an agent for another.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΟΣ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΣ, ΘΕΡΑΠΩΝ

G3700

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oph-THEE-so-mai

Translations: I will appear, I will be seen

Notes: This word is a future passive form of the verb 'to see' or 'to appear'. It means 'I will appear' or 'I will be seen'. It is used to describe an action where the subject will become visible or manifest to someone else, often implying a divine or significant appearance. For example, 'He will appear to them' or 'I will be seen by him'.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΗΣΟΜΑΙ, ΔΕΙΧΘΗΣΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ὀπτάνομαι (optanomai) is derived from the root ὀπ- (op-), which is related to seeing. It is often used in the passive voice to mean 'to be seen' or 'to appear', functioning as the passive voice of ὁράω (horaō), 'to see'.

G1807

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-ahee-ROO-meh-nos

Translations: taking out, taking away, delivering, rescuing, choosing, selecting

Notes: This word describes the action of taking something out, removing it, or delivering someone from a situation. It can also mean to choose or select. It is often used in contexts of rescue or liberation.

Inflection: Present Participle, Middle/Passive Voice, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΦΑΙΡΈΩ, ΡΎΟΜΑΙ, ἘΚΛΈΓΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐξαίρεω (exaireō), a compound of ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and αἱρέω (hairéō, 'to take, to choose').

G649

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-os-TEL-loh

Translations: send, send away, send forth, dispatch

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb στέλλω (stellō), meaning 'to send' or 'to prepare'. It means to send someone or something away, often with a specific purpose or mission. It can be used in various contexts, such as sending a messenger, sending out a decree, or dispatching a person on a journey.

Inflection: This is the present active indicative, first person singular form of the verb. As a verb, it conjugates for person, number, tense, mood, and voice.

Synonyms: ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb στέλλω (stellō), meaning 'to send' or 'to prepare'.

G1994

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-STREF-sai

Translations: to turn, to return, to turn back, to convert, to restore

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to turn' or 'to return'. It is often used to describe a physical turning or returning to a place, but can also signify a moral or spiritual turning, such as converting to a new belief or repenting from sin. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb 'στρέφω' (strephō), meaning 'to turn'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΥΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-BANE

Translations: to take, to receive, to get, to seize, to grasp, to obtain

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to take' or 'to receive', indicating the action itself without specifying a subject or tense, often used after other verbs or prepositions. It can refer to physically taking something, receiving a gift or information, or grasping a concept.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *slegh- ('to seize, to take'). In Greek, it developed into 'λαμβάνω', meaning 'to take, to grasp, to receive'.

G266

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hah-mar-tee-OHN

Translations: of sins, of a sin

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun "ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ" (hamartia), which means "sin" or "missing the mark." It refers to actions, thoughts, or states that fall short of God's standard or will. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession, origin, or relation, often translated as "of sins" or "concerning sins." It is frequently used in contexts discussing forgiveness, repentance, or the consequences of wrongdoing.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΑΔΙΚΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ

Etymology: The word "ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ" is a compound word derived from the prefix "α-" (a-), meaning "not" or "without," and "μερος" (meros), meaning "part" or "share," or from "μαρτάνω" (martano), meaning "to miss the mark." It originally referred to an archer missing the target and evolved to mean a moral or spiritual failure.

G0037

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hee-gee-as-MEH-noys

Translations: sanctified, holy, consecrated, set apart

Notes: This word describes something or someone that has been made holy, consecrated, or set apart for a sacred purpose. It is often used in a religious context to refer to individuals or objects dedicated to God.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Perfect Participle, Passive

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΙ, ΚΕΚΑΘΑΡΜΕΝΟΙ, ΑΦΩΡΙΣΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: From ἅγιος (hagios, "holy"), which is of uncertain origin, possibly related to ἅζω (hazō, "to stand in awe of").

G4102

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PIS-tei

Translations: (by) faith, (in) faith, (with) faith, (to) faith, (by) trust, (in) trust, (with) trust, (to) trust, (by) belief, (in) belief, (with) belief, (to) belief

Notes: This word is a noun meaning 'faith,' 'trust,' or 'belief.' It refers to a firm conviction or reliance on something or someone. In Koine Greek, it is often used to describe spiritual faith, particularly in God or Christ. As a dative case, it indicates the means, instrument, or recipient of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'by,' 'in,' 'with,' or 'to.'

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ, ΕΛΠΙΣ

G3606

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: O-THEN

Translations: from where, whence, wherefore, therefore, for which reason

Notes: This word is an adverb that can indicate either origin or consequence. It is used to ask or state 'from where' something comes or originates. It can also be used to mean 'therefore' or 'for which reason', indicating a logical conclusion or cause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟ, ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *ho- (meaning 'this' or 'that') combined with the suffix -θεν, which indicates origin or source. It is related to other adverbs of place and origin in Greek.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-geh-NOH-meen

Translations: I became, I was, I came to be, I happened, I arose

Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist middle indicative form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It means 'I became,' 'I was,' 'I came to be,' or 'I happened.' It describes an action that occurred in the past, emphasizing the result or the state achieved. It can be used to indicate a change of state or condition, or simply to state that something came into existence or occurred.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΓΕΝΝΑΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G0545

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-pay-THAYS

Translations: disobedient, rebellious, unbelieving, unpersuadable

Notes: This word describes someone who is disobedient, rebellious, or unwilling to be persuaded. It is often used to characterize those who refuse to comply with authority or believe in something. It is a compound word formed from the prefix 'ἀ-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and 'πειθής' (peithēs), meaning 'obedient' or 'persuadable'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΠΕΙΘΕΩ, ἈΠΙΣΤΟΣ, ἈΝΥΠΟΤΑΚΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the prefix 'ἀ-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and 'πειθής' (peithēs), meaning 'obedient' or 'persuadable', which comes from 'πείθω' (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to obey'.

G3770

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: oo-ra-NEE-oh

Translations: (to) heavenly, (to) celestial, (to) of heaven, (to) a heavenly one

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the adjective or noun 'ouranios', meaning 'heavenly' or 'celestial'. As an adjective, it describes something belonging to or coming from heaven. As a noun, it can refer to a 'heavenly being' or 'heavenly thing'. In the dative case, it indicates the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἘΠΟΥΡΑΝΙΟΣ, ΟΥ̓ΡΑΝΟΣ

G3705

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: op-ta-SEE-ah

Translations: vision, a vision, sight, appearance

Notes: This word refers to a vision, a supernatural appearance, or the act of seeing. It can describe something seen, especially in a spiritual or prophetic context, or the faculty of sight itself. It is often used in the context of divine revelations or angelic appearances.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΡΑΜΑ, ΘΕΩΡΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ὀπτάνομαι (optanomai), meaning 'to appear' or 'to be seen', which is related to ὄψις (opsis), meaning 'sight' or 'appearance'.

G1154

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: dah-MAS-koh

Translations: Damascus, (to) Damascus, (in) Damascus

Notes: This word refers to Damascus, an ancient city in Syria. It is a proper noun, indicating a specific place. In the provided context, it is used with a preposition (ἐν, 'in') to indicate location, meaning 'in Damascus'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Damascus' is of ancient Semitic origin, with its roots in Aramaic and Akkadian languages. It has been known by various forms throughout history, consistently referring to the prominent city in Syria.

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-ton

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G0001

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-ang-GEL-lon

Translations: they were reporting, they were announcing, they were bringing word, they were telling

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb ἀπαγγέλλω (apaggellō), meaning to report, announce, or bring word. It is a compound verb formed from ἀπό (apo, 'from' or 'away from') and ἀγγέλλω (aggellō, 'to announce' or 'to tell'). The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing, repeated, or continuous action in the past. Therefore, it describes an action like 'they were reporting' or 'they used to announce'.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΕΞΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

G3340

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tah-no-EIN

Translations: to repent, to change one's mind, to feel remorse, to turn from sin

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and 'νοέω' (noeo), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'. Together, it signifies a change of mind or purpose, often implying a turning away from past actions or beliefs, particularly from sin. It is commonly used in a religious context to describe a spiritual transformation or a turning back to God.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΜΕΤΑ (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and the verb ΝΟΕΩ (noeo), meaning 'to perceive, to think, to understand'. The combination suggests a change in one's way of thinking or understanding.

G1994

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-STREF-fain

Translations: to turn, to return, to turn back, to convert, to restore

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (upon, to) and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (to turn). It means to turn around, to turn back, or to return. It can be used literally to describe physical movement, or figuratively to describe a change in direction, attitude, or allegiance, often implying a conversion or restoration.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ἈΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (strephō), meaning 'to turn'.

G3341

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-tah-NOY-ahs

Translations: of repentance, of a change of mind, of a change of heart

Notes: This word refers to a change of mind, a turning around, or repentance. It signifies a fundamental shift in one's thinking, attitude, or direction, often implying a moral or spiritual transformation. It is frequently used in contexts of turning away from sin and towards God. It is a compound word formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'after' or 'with', and 'νοέω' (noeo), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΟΦΗ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΕΙΑ

G4238

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: PRAS-son-tas

Translations: doing, practicing, performing, acting, carrying out, dealing with, managing, exacting

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'πράσσω' (prassō), meaning 'to do' or 'to perform'. It describes someone who is actively engaged in an action or practice. It can refer to carrying out a task, performing a deed, or dealing with a situation. In the provided examples, it describes those who are 'doing' or 'practicing' certain behaviors, such as 'doing something with insolence and arrogance' or 'doing such things'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΟΥΝΤΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΤΕΛΟΥΝΤΑΣ

G1752

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EH-neh-kah

Translations: because of, on account of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that means 'because of,' 'on account of,' or 'for the sake of.' It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case, indicating the reason or purpose for something. For example, one might say 'ΕΝΕΚΑ ΤΟΥ ΝΟΜΟΥ' (heneka tou nomou) meaning 'because of the law.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ, ΧΑΡΙΝ

Etymology: From an obsolete noun meaning 'cause' or 'reason'. It is related to the Greek word 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'.

G4815

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soo-lah-boh-MEH-noy

Translations: having taken, having seized, having arrested, having caught, having helped, having conceived

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'συλλαμβάνω' (syllambanō), which means to take hold of, seize, arrest, catch, or help. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. Depending on the context, it can refer to physically apprehending someone, catching something, or even assisting someone. It can also be used in the sense of conceiving a child.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΙΑΖΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ

G2413, G2411

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-ROH

Translations: holy, sacred, temple, a temple, sacred place, a sacred place, (to) a temple, (to) a sacred place

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'holy' or 'sacred', or as a noun meaning 'temple' or 'sacred place'. When used as a noun, it refers to a sacred building or area, often specifically the Temple in Jerusalem. As an adjective, it describes something set apart for God or dedicated to religious purposes. In the provided form, it is in the dative case, indicating 'to' or 'for' a holy thing or place.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἱερός (hieros) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to sacrifice, to consecrate'. It is related to words signifying 'sacred' or 'holy' in various Indo-European languages.

G3985

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEI-ron-toh

Translations: they were trying, they tried, they were attempting, they attempted, they were testing, they tested, they were tempting, they tempted

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to try,' 'to attempt,' or 'to test/tempt.' It describes an action of making an effort to do something or putting someone or something to the test. In the provided context, it indicates that a group of people were making an effort to achieve something.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΩ, ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ comes from the noun ΠΕΙΡΑ (peira), meaning 'a trial, an attempt, an experience.'

G1247

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-kheh-ree-SAH-sthai

Translations: to handle, to manage, to administer, to kill, to put to death

Notes: This verb means to handle, manage, or administer something. It can also carry the more severe meaning of putting someone to death or killing them, often by one's own hand. Its usage depends on the context, referring either to the management of affairs or the act of taking a life.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: From διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'by means of', and χειρίζομαι (cheirizomai), meaning 'to handle' or 'to manage', which comes from χείρ (cheir), meaning 'hand'.

G5177

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: too-KHOHN

Translations: having obtained, obtaining, happening, being, a chance, a common, an ordinary

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen,' 'to obtain,' or 'to meet with.' As a participle, it can function adjectivally, adverbially, or substantively. When used substantively, it can refer to 'one who happens' or 'an ordinary person' (e.g., 'a common person'). It often implies something that occurs by chance or is readily available.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩΝ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G0891

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: AKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, while, unto, even to

Notes: This word functions as a preposition, conjunction, or adverb, indicating a limit in time or space. As a preposition, it means 'until' or 'up to' and is typically followed by the genitive case. As a conjunction, it means 'until' or 'while', introducing a clause that specifies a time limit. As an adverb, it can mean 'even to' or 'as far as'. It denotes a point or period that something reaches or continues.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Greek word ἄκρος (akros), meaning 'highest' or 'extreme', suggesting a sense of reaching a limit or extremity.

G1263

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: dee-ah-mar-too-ROH-meh-nos

Translations: testifying, bearing witness, solemnly charging, solemnly affirming, earnestly warning

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'diamartyreo', meaning to testify, bear witness, or solemnly charge. It describes an action of giving a strong, earnest, or solemn testimony or warning. It is often used to emphasize the seriousness or importance of the witness being given, or the charge being made.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ

G3398

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: mee-KROH

Translations: a little, shortly, small, little

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'small' or 'little'. In the dative case, as seen here, it often functions adverbially, meaning 'by a little' or 'a little bit'. When used with 'πρότερον' (earlier), it translates to 'a little earlier' or 'shortly before'. It describes a small quantity, degree, or duration.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΙΚΡΟΣ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'small'.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G4396

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-FEE-tai

Translations: prophets, (to) prophets, (of) prophets

Notes: This word refers to individuals who speak on behalf of God or a deity, often foretelling future events or delivering divine messages. In Koine Greek, it is a masculine noun. The form 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΑΙ' is the plural form, which can function as nominative (the subject of a sentence), dative (indicating to whom or for whom something is done), or vocative (used for direct address).

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Dative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΕΙΣ, ΧΡΗΣΜΟΛΟΓΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΗΣ' comes from the Greek prefix 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'for', and 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. Thus, it literally means 'one who speaks before' or 'one who speaks for' (another).

G3195

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: MEL-lon-TON

Translations: (of) those about to, (of) future (things/people), (of) those going to, (of) those intending to

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'μέλλω' (mellō), which means 'to be about to', 'to intend to', or 'to be destined to'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is on the verge of doing something or that pertains to the future. It often indicates an imminent action or a future state.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΩΝ, ΜΕΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ΜΕΛΛΟΥΣΩΝ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ghee-NES-thai

Translations: to become, to happen, to be, to come into being, to be born, to arise, to come to pass

Notes: This verb is very common in Koine Greek and has a broad range of meanings, primarily related to something coming into existence, happening, or changing state. It can describe a process of becoming, an event taking place, or a person being born. It is often used impersonally to mean 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΑΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-, meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generate' in English.

G3805

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pa-THEE-tos

Translations: subject to suffering, capable of suffering, passible

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is capable of experiencing suffering, pain, or emotion. It implies a vulnerability to external influences or internal feelings, indicating that the subject can be affected or acted upon. It is often used in theological contexts to describe the nature of Christ, indicating his ability to suffer.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΑΘΗΣ, ΕΠΙΔΕΚΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb πάσχω (paschō), meaning 'to suffer, to experience'. The suffix -τος (-tos) forms adjectives indicating capability or susceptibility.

G5547

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: khree-STOSS

Translations: Christ, Anointed One, Messiah, a Christ, an Anointed One

Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is predominantly used as a title for Jesus, identifying him as the promised Messiah. It can also be used more generally to refer to anyone who has been anointed, such as a king or priest.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ

Etymology: From the Koine Greek verb χρίω (chriō), meaning 'to anoint'. The noun form refers to someone who has been anointed, typically for a special office or purpose.

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: PRO-tos

Translations: first, a first, chief, principal, foremost, the first

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, rank, or importance. It can be used as an adjective to describe a noun, or it can be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'the first one' or 'the chief person/thing'. It indicates precedence or priority.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: From a superlative form of the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- (forward, before). It is related to the English word 'prior'.

G3498

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: NEK-ron

Translations: of the dead, of dead ones

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'ΝΕΚΡΟΣ', meaning 'dead' or 'a dead person'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of the dead' or 'belonging to the dead'. It can refer to deceased individuals collectively or to the state of being dead.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΘΝΕΩΤΩΝ, ΑΠΟΘΑΝΟΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to lie down' or 'to be still', related to the idea of a corpse or something lifeless.

G2605

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tang-GEL-lin

Translations: to proclaim, to announce, to declare, to preach, to tell, to make known

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against' but here intensifying) and the verb ἀγγέλλω (angellō, meaning 'to announce' or 'to report'). It means to proclaim or announce something publicly and emphatically, often with authority or a sense of mission. It is used to describe the act of making a message widely known, such as preaching the gospel or declaring a truth.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ, ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ is a compound verb derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against' (here used to intensify the action), and the verb ἀγγέλλω (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to report'.

G2992

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lah-OH

Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation

Notes: This word refers to a people, a nation, or a multitude of individuals, often used in the context of a specific group or community, such as the people of Israel or the people of God. It can be used to describe a general populace or a distinct ethnic or national group.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to λᾶς (lās, "stone"), referring to people as "stones" or "foundations." It is also suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- ("people, army").

G0626

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-lo-goo-MEH-noo

Translations: defending oneself, making a defense, speaking in defense, apologizing, answering, pleading, excusing oneself

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'apologeomai', meaning to defend oneself, make a defense, or speak in one's own defense. It describes an action of self-justification or explanation, often in a legal or formal context. It can also mean to apologize or excuse oneself. In the provided examples, it functions as a genitive participle, indicating the subject of the action (e.g., 'when Saul was defending himself', 'when Paul was making his defense').

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΩ

Etymology: The word ἀπολογέομαι (apologeomai) is a compound word formed from ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and λόγος (logos), meaning 'word' or 'speech'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak away from' or 'to speak in defense'.

G5456

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foh-NAY

Translations: voice, sound, noise, a voice, a sound, a noise

Notes: This word refers to a voice, a sound, or a noise. It is commonly used to describe the sound produced by living beings, such as a human voice or the sound of an animal, but can also refer to inanimate sounds like thunder or the sound of a trumpet. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΗΧΟΣ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (to speak, tell, say). Cognate with Latin fari (to speak) and English ban.

G5346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PHAY-sin

Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said

Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3137

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mah-NEE-an

Translations: madness, a madness, frenzy, a frenzy, rage, a rage

Notes: This word refers to a state of mental derangement, frenzy, or intense passion. It describes a loss of self-control, irrational behavior, or a fit of rage. It is often used to denote a strong, uncontrollable emotion or mental state.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΞΥΣΜΟΣ, ΘΥΜΟΣ, ΟΡΓΗ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΝΙΑ (mania) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *men- (to think, to have one's mind aroused). It is related to words signifying mental states, often those involving excitement or derangement.

G3164

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: MAI-noh-mai

Translations: to be mad, to be insane, to rave, to be out of one's mind

Notes: This verb describes the state of being mentally deranged, insane, or out of one's mind. It can refer to a temporary state of frenzy or a more permanent condition of madness. It is often used to describe someone speaking or acting irrationally, as if possessed or delirious.

Inflection: First person singular, Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΦΡΟΝΕΩ, ΕΚΣΤΑΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *men- ('to think, to have one's mind aroused'). It is related to words concerning mental states and activity.

G4997

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soh-froh-SOO-nays

Translations: of self-control, of temperance, of soundness of mind, of prudence, of moderation, of discretion

Notes: This word refers to the quality of self-control, temperance, or soundness of mind. It describes a state of being moderate, prudent, and discreet in one's thoughts and actions, often implying a balanced and disciplined approach to life. It is used to describe the virtue of being in control of one's passions and desires.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΓΚΡΑΤΕΙΑ, ΝΗΦΑΛΙΟΤΗΣ, ΦΡΟΝΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΩΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ (sōphrosynē) is derived from the Greek words σῶς (sōs), meaning 'safe' or 'sound', and φρήν (phrēn), meaning 'mind' or 'intellect'. Thus, it literally means 'soundness of mind' or 'safety of mind', evolving to signify self-control and prudence.

G669

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-poph-THENG-goh-my

Translations: speak out, declare, utter, speak forth

Notes: This verb means to speak out, declare, or utter something, often with a sense of solemnity, inspiration, or importance. It implies a clear and distinct articulation of words, often in a public or formal setting. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'forth,' and 'φθέγγομαι' (phtheggomai), meaning 'to utter a sound' or 'to speak.'

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕἸΠΟΝ, ΦΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'forth,' and the verb φθέγγομαι (phtheggomai), meaning 'to utter a sound' or 'to speak.' It signifies speaking out or declaring something clearly.

G1987

Part of Speech: Verb, Noun

Sounds like: ep-is-TAH-tai

Translations: know, understand, be acquainted with, be skilled in, master, overseer, superintendent, director

Notes: This word can function as a verb meaning 'to know' or 'to understand', indicating a deep familiarity or skill with something. It can also be used as a noun, referring to an 'overseer' or 'superintendent', someone who has knowledge and authority over a task or group. As a verb, it is often used to describe someone who is well-versed or proficient in a particular area. As a noun, it refers to a person in charge, often in a religious or administrative context.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person Plural (Verb); Nominative, Plural, Masculine (Noun)

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G3955

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: par-ray-see-ah-ZOH-meh-nos

Translations: speaking boldly, speaking freely, having confidence, being courageous

Notes: This word describes the act of speaking openly, freely, and with boldness, often implying a sense of confidence, courage, or frankness. It can be used to describe someone who is not afraid to express their thoughts or beliefs, even in challenging circumstances. It is a compound word derived from 'πᾶς' (all) and 'ῥῆσις' (speech), literally meaning 'all speech' or 'speaking everything'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΘΑΡΡΕΩ, ΤΟΛΜΑΩ

G2980

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-LOH

Translations: I speak, I say, I talk, I tell

Notes: This verb means to speak, say, or talk. It can refer to uttering sounds, expressing thoughts, or communicating information. It is often used in the context of public speaking, teaching, or giving a message. It can also refer to the act of making a sound, even by animals or inanimate objects.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ, ΕΙΠΩ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be an onomatopoeic word, imitating the sound of babbling or chattering.

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PEI-tho-mai

Translations: I am persuaded, I obey, I trust, I believe, I yield, I am convinced

Notes: This verb means to be persuaded, to obey, or to trust. It is often used in the passive voice, indicating that one is being convinced or yielding to something or someone. It can also mean to believe or to have confidence in. It is frequently used in contexts of following advice, commands, or having faith.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΕΙΘΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ- (to command, to persuade, to trust). In Koine Greek, it developed the meaning of 'to persuade' or 'to be persuaded'.

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: oo-THEN

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not at all, in no way

Notes: This word is an indeclinable form of the indefinite pronoun/adjective meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to express absolute negation. When used as an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'no' or 'not any'. When used as an adverb, it means 'not at all' or 'in no way'. It emphasizes the complete absence or non-existence of something.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΔΕΙΣ (from which ΟΥ̓ΘΕΝ is derived) is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓ (ou, 'not') and ΕἸΣ (heis, 'one'). It literally means 'not one'.

G4238

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: pep-RAG-me-non

Translations: done, performed, accomplished, a deed, a thing done, a thing performed

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb πράσσω (prassō), meaning 'to do' or 'to accomplish.' As a participle, it describes something that has been completed or carried out. In its neuter singular form, as seen here, it often functions as a noun meaning 'a deed' or 'a thing done,' referring to an action or event that has already taken place.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Perfect, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΟΙΗΜΑ, ΠΡΑΞΙΣ

G1492

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OY-dah

Translations: know, understand, perceive, be aware of

Notes: This verb means 'to know' or 'to understand'. It is a perfect tense verb that functions with a present meaning, indicating a state of knowing that has resulted from a past act of perceiving or learning. It is often used to express a deep, intuitive, or experiential knowledge, as opposed to merely intellectual knowledge. It can be used with an accusative object, or with a clause introduced by 'ὅτι' (that) or an interrogative pronoun.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- 'to see, to know'. In Greek, it developed into a perfect tense verb with a present meaning, signifying a state of knowing that comes from having seen or perceived.

G3640

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-li-GOH-oh

Translations: I make little, I diminish, I despise, I make light of, I belittle

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make little, to diminish, to despise, or to belittle'. It describes the action of reducing something in size, importance, or value. It can be used in contexts where someone or something is being made insignificant or treated with contempt.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΜΕΙΟΩ, ἘΛΑΤΤΟΩ, ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ὈΛΙΓΟΩ (oligoo) is derived from the adjective ὈΛΙΓΟΣ (oligos), meaning 'little, few'. It describes the action of making something 'little' or 'few'.

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PEY-thays

Translations: you persuade, you convince, you obey, you trust

Notes: This is a verb meaning to persuade, convince, or to obey. It can also mean to trust or have confidence in someone or something. The meaning often depends on the context and the case of the object it takes. For example, in the active voice, it means to persuade, while in the middle or passive voice, it often means to be persuaded, to obey, or to trust.

Inflection: Present Active Indicative, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G3440

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G0191

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-KOO-on-tas

Translations: those hearing, the ones hearing, of those hearing, to those hearing

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'hearing' or 'listening'. It functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is in the act of hearing or listening. In this form, it is masculine or neuter, plural, and can be accusative (direct object) or genitive (possessive, 'of those hearing') or dative ('to those hearing'). It is often used to refer to 'those who hear' or 'the hearers'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Plural, Masculine or Neuter, Accusative, Genitive, or Dative

Synonyms: ΑΚΡΟΑΤΑΣ, ΑΚΟΥΣΤΑΣ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai

Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

G5108

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: toy-OO-tooss

Translations: such, such a kind, such as these, such people

Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to refer to persons or things that have been previously mentioned or are implied by the context. It describes the quality or nature of something, indicating that it is of the type or character just described or understood.

Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (this) and the correlative particle 'τοῖος' (such).

G3697

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: oh-POY-oss

Translations: what sort of, what kind of, of what kind, of what sort, such as, whoever, whatever

Notes: This word functions as an interrogative or relative adjective or pronoun. As an interrogative, it asks about the quality or kind of something, meaning 'what sort of' or 'of what kind'. As a relative, it refers back to a previously mentioned quality or kind, meaning 'such as' or 'whoever/whatever kind'. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies or replaces.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the interrogative stem 'πο-' (po-) meaning 'what' and the relative stem 'ο-' (o-) meaning 'who/which', combined with the suffix '-ιος' (-ios) indicating quality. It is related to words like 'οἷος' (hoios) and 'ποῖος' (poios).

G3954

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: par-EK-tos

Translations: except, besides, apart from, without

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a preposition. As an adverb, it means 'except' or 'besides'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and means 'apart from' or 'without', indicating exclusion or separation from something. It is often used to introduce an exception to a general statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΝ, ΧΩΡΙΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek παρά (pará, 'beside, by') and ἐκτός (ektós, 'outside'). It literally means 'outside beside' or 'outside of'.

G2232

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hay-geh-MOHN

Translations: ruler, a ruler, governor, a governor, leader, a leader, chief, a chief, commander, a commander, prince, a prince

Notes: This word refers to a leader, ruler, or governor. It can denote someone in a position of authority, such as a provincial governor appointed by a higher power, or a general leading an army. It can also refer to someone who guides or leads in a more general sense, like a chief or a guide.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. The suffix -μων (-mōn) indicates an agent or instrument, thus 'one who leads'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G0959

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ber-NEE-kay

Translations: Bernice

Notes: Bernice was a common name for women in the Hellenistic period, particularly among royalty. The most notable Bernice in historical and biblical contexts was the daughter of Herod Agrippa I and sister of Herod Agrippa II. She was known for her relationships with various Roman figures, including the emperor Titus.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The name Bernice is of Macedonian Greek origin, derived from the Greek words 'pherō' (to bring) and 'nikē' (victory), meaning 'bringer of victory'. It was a popular name among the Ptolemaic dynasty.

G0399

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-na-kho-RAY-san-tes

Translations: having withdrawn, having departed, having gone away, having retired, having returned

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, indicating a completed action. It describes someone or something that has withdrawn, departed, gone away, or retired from a place or situation. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and conveys the sense of 'those who have withdrawn' or 'after they withdrew'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΝΑΛΥΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναχωρέω (anachōreō) is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to make room, go, come'. Thus, it literally means 'to go back' or 'to make room back'.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G0514

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AX-ee-on

Translations: worthy, deserving, fitting, proper, a worthy thing, a fitting thing

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'worthy,' 'deserving,' or 'fitting.' It is used to describe something or someone that is of appropriate value, merit, or suitability for a particular purpose or situation. It can be used to say that something is 'worthy of' something else, often followed by a genitive case.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΟΣ, ΠΡΕΠΩΝ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΞΙΟΣ (axios) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ag- meaning 'to drive, draw, move'. It is related to the idea of weighing or balancing, thus leading to the sense of 'having weight' or 'being worthy'.

G4238

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PRAS-see

Translations: to do, to perform, to practice, to accomplish, to act

Notes: This word means to do, perform, or practice something, often implying a continuous or habitual action. It can also mean to accomplish or carry out a task. It describes the act of engaging in an activity or bringing something to completion.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΕΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word comes from an ancient Greek root meaning 'to pass through' or 'to travel', which evolved to mean 'to do' or 'to accomplish' through the idea of 'passing through' a task or action.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AN-throh-poss

Translations: man, a man, human being, a human being, person, a person

Notes: This word refers to a human being, encompassing both male and female individuals. It is used broadly to denote mankind in general, or a specific person, often in contrast to God or animals. It can be used in various contexts to refer to any member of the human race.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΗΡ, ΒΡΟΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνθρώπος (anthrōpos), its origin is uncertain but possibly related to ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'eye, face'), or from a pre-Greek substrate.

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G0630

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-le-LOO-sthai

Translations: to be released, to be set free, to be acquitted, to be dismissed, to be divorced

Notes: This word is the perfect passive infinitive form of the verb ἀπολύω (apolyō). It means 'to have been released' or 'to be released' (in a state of having been released). It is used to express the action of being set free, acquitted, dismissed, or even divorced, from a state of being bound or held. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He desired to be released from his chains' or 'The prisoner was able to be acquitted'.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΟΥΣΘΑΙ, ΑΦΙΕΣΘΑΙ

G1410

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DY-nah-toh

Translations: was able, could, had power

Notes: This word is the imperfect tense of the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It describes an ongoing or repeated ability or capacity in the past. It is often used to express that someone 'could' or 'was able' to do something, or 'had the power' to do it, but the action might not have been completed or was a continuous state.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ἸΣΧΥΩ, ἘΞΕΣΤΙΝ

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G1941