2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G2542

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: kahee-SAH-ree-ah

Translations: Caesarea

Notes: This is the name of a city, specifically Caesarea Maritima, a major port city built by Herod the Great, or Caesarea Philippi, a city located near Mount Hermon. Both cities are mentioned in the New Testament and play a role in various biblical narratives. It is used to refer to the city itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The name "Caesarea" is derived from "Caesar," honoring the Roman emperors. It was a common practice to name cities after emperors or other significant figures.

G1543

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: heh-kah-ton-TAR-khays

Translations: centurion, a centurion

Notes: This is a compound word meaning 'commander of a hundred'. It refers to a Roman military officer in charge of a century, which typically consisted of 80 to 100 soldiers. The centurion was a highly respected and experienced soldier, responsible for training and leading his men in battle.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΚΑΤΟΝΤΑΡΧΟΣ, ΚΕΝΤΥΡΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: ΕΚΑΤΟΝ (hekaton), meaning 'one hundred', and ΑΡΧΩ (archō), meaning 'to rule' or 'to command'. Thus, it literally means 'ruler of a hundred'.

G4686, G4687

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: SPEI-rees

Translations: of a cohort, of a company, of a band, of a military unit, of a Roman cohort, you sow, you scatter seed

Notes: This word has two primary meanings depending on its grammatical form. It can be the genitive singular of the noun 'σπεῖρα' (speira), referring to a military cohort, a company, or a band of people. In this sense, it describes a group, often a Roman military unit of about 600 men. It can also be the second person singular aorist subjunctive active form of the verb 'σπείρω' (speirō), meaning 'to sow' or 'to scatter seed'. In this verbal sense, it indicates the action of planting seeds.

Inflection: Noun: Singular, Genitive, Feminine; Verb: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Subjunctive, Active

Synonyms: ΤΑΓΜΑ, ΛΟΧΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G2564

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ka-loo-MEH-nays

Translations: called, being called, named, being named, a called one, a named one

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to name'. It describes someone or something that is being called or named. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can also be used substantively to refer to 'the one who is called' or 'the one who is named'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΗΣ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΟΜΕΝΗΣ

G2152

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-SEH-bays

Translations: pious, devout, godly, righteous

Notes: This word describes someone who is pious, devout, or godly. It refers to a person who shows reverence and respect towards God or the gods, and lives a life in accordance with divine will or religious principles. It can be used to describe individuals who are morally upright and dedicated to their faith.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine; or Singular, Nominative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΛΑΒΗΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΣΕΒΗΣ is a compound word derived from the Greek prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'good' or 'well', and the verb ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ (sebomai), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. Thus, it literally means 'well-worshipping' or 'rightly revering'.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G5399

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: foh-BOO-meh-nos

Translations: fearing, being afraid, revering, respecting, one who fears, he who fears

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb ΦΟΒΕΩ, meaning 'to fear' or 'to be afraid'. In a religious context, it can also mean 'to revere' or 'to respect God'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who is in the state of fearing or revering, or describing an action done while fearing. It can be translated as 'fearing' or 'one who fears'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΛΙΑΩ, ΤΡΕΜΩ

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G3624

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OY-koh

Translations: (to) house, (to) household, (to) family, (to) temple, (to) home

Notes: This word refers to a house, a dwelling place, or a building. It can also refer to a household, meaning the family and all who live within the house, or more broadly, a lineage or a family line. In a religious context, it can refer to a temple or the house of God. The form ΟἸΚΩ is the dative singular, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΟΙΚΟΣ

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-OHN

Translations: doing, making, creating, producing, performing, a doer, a maker, the one who does, the one who makes

Notes: ΠΟΙΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb ΠΟΙΕΩ, meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is in the act of doing or making something. It can be translated as 'doing' or 'making' when used adjectivally, or as 'the one who does' or 'a doer' when used substantively.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩΝ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G2992

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lah-OH

Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation

Notes: This word refers to a people, a nation, or a multitude of individuals, often used in the context of a specific group or community, such as the people of Israel or the people of God. It can be used to describe a general populace or a distinct ethnic or national group.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to λᾶς (lās, "stone"), referring to people as "stones" or "foundations." It is also suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- ("people, army").

G1189

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: deh-OH-meh-nos

Translations: begging, imploring, praying, asking, entreating, one who begs, he who begs

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'δέομαι' (deomai), meaning 'to beg,' 'to implore,' or 'to pray.' It describes someone who is in the act of making an earnest request or supplication. It can be translated as 'begging,' 'imploring,' or 'praying,' and often functions as a substantive, meaning 'one who begs' or 'he who begs,' depending on the context.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΩΝ

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G5616

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-say

Translations: as if, as, like, about, approximately, some, nearly

Notes: ΩΣΕΙ is an adverb or conjunction used to indicate comparison, approximation, or similarity. It can mean "as if," "like," "about," or "approximately." It is often used to describe a quantity or duration that is not exact, or to introduce a hypothetical situation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΠΕΡΙΠΟΥ

Etymology: From the Greek word ὡς (hōs), meaning "as" or "like," combined with the particle εἰ (ei), meaning "if."

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G1525

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: ice-EL-thon-tah

Translations: having entered, entering, who entered, to enter

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having entered' or 'entering'. It describes an action that has been completed or is in the process of being completed by the subject. It often functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, or as an adverb, indicating the circumstances of the main verb's action. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'when he entered' or 'the one who entered'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ἘΜΒΑΊΝΟΝΤΑ, ἘΜΠΟΡΕΥΌΜΕΝΟΝ

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-PON-tah

Translations: having said, having spoken, saying, speaking

Notes: This is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having said' or 'having spoken'. It describes an action completed prior to the main verb of the sentence. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main action. For example, 'the one having said' or 'when he had said'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Accusative Singular Masculine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩΝ, ΦΑΣΚΩΝ

Etymology: The aorist stem (εἰπ-) of this verb comes from a different root than its present stem (λεγ-). The aorist stem is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wekw-, meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G0001

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-teh-NEE-sas

Translations: gazing intently, looking fixedly, staring, having gazed intently, when he had gazed intently

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ἀτενίζω', meaning 'to gaze intently' or 'to fix one's eyes upon'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed, often functioning adverbially to indicate the manner or time of another action. It implies a focused and sustained look, often with a sense of purpose or concentration.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ

G1719

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: em-FOH-bos

Translations: afraid, fearful, terrified

Notes: This word describes someone who is in a state of fear or terror. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in', and the noun 'φόβος' (phobos), meaning 'fear'. Thus, it literally means 'in fear' or 'full of fear'. It is used to describe a person or group experiencing strong apprehension or dread.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΛΟΣ, ΕΝΤΡΟΜΟΣ, ΦΟΒΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΜΦΟΒΟΣ is a compound word derived from the Greek preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in', and the noun 'φόβος' (phobos), meaning 'fear'.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-nos

Translations: having become, being, happened, arisen, a having become, a being

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It can be translated as 'having become', 'being', or 'when he/it became'. It often indicates a state or condition resulting from a past action.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΗΘΗ

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G1654

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-leh-eh-mo-SY-nai

Translations: alms, acts of mercy, deeds of compassion, charity

Notes: This word refers to acts of compassion, mercy, or charity, often specifically referring to the giving of alms to the poor. It emphasizes the practical expression of pity or kindness towards those in need. In the provided context, it appears in a plural form, indicating multiple acts of mercy or charitable deeds.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΙΑ, ΦΙΛΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΛΕΗΜΟΣΥΝΗ (eleēmosynē) comes from the Greek word ἔλεος (eleos), meaning 'pity' or 'mercy'. It developed to refer to the practical expression of this feeling, particularly through charitable giving.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G3422

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mnee-MO-sy-non

Translations: memorial, remembrance, a memorial, a remembrance

Notes: This word refers to something that serves as a reminder or a monument, often commemorating a person, event, or covenant. It can be used to describe an act of remembrance, a physical object, or a lasting legacy.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΝΗΜΗ, ΥΠΟΜΝΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word μνήμη (mnēmē), meaning 'memory' or 'remembrance'. It refers to something that brings to mind or preserves the memory of a person or event.

G1715

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: em-PROS-then

Translations: before, in front, in front of, in the presence of, ahead, formerly, previously

Notes: This word functions as both an adverb and a preposition. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'in front,' indicating a position or time. As a preposition, it means 'in front of' or 'in the presence of,' typically taking the genitive case. It can also refer to something that happened 'formerly' or 'previously.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐν (en, 'in') and the adverbial form of πρός (pros, 'to, toward'). It literally means 'in front of' or 'in the direction of'.

G3343

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tah-PEM-psai

Translations: send for, summon, call

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from μετά (meta, 'with, after') and πέμπω (pempō, 'to send'). It means to send for someone, to summon them, or to call them to oneself. It implies causing someone to come to you by sending a message or messenger. It is often used in the context of official or authoritative summons.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Imperative, 2nd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΕΜΠΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition μετά (metá), meaning 'with' or 'after', and the verb πέμπω (pémpō), meaning 'to send'. The combination conveys the idea of sending for someone to come to oneself.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G1941

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-kah-LEH-tai

Translations: is called, is named, is invoked, is appealed to, calls upon, invokes, appeals to

Notes: This word means to call upon, invoke, or appeal to someone or something. In the passive voice, as it appears here, it means to be called, to be named, or to be invoked. It can be used in various contexts, such as calling upon a deity, appealing to an authority, or simply referring to someone or something by a particular name.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: TEE-nee

Translations: to/for someone, to/for something, by someone, by something, with someone, with something, in what, to what, by what, a certain one, a certain thing, (to) what, (to) whom, (to) which

Notes: ΤΙΝΙ is the dative singular form of the indefinite and interrogative pronoun ΤΙΣ. As an indefinite pronoun, it means 'someone,' 'something,' 'a certain one,' or 'a certain thing,' indicating an unspecified person or object. As an interrogative pronoun, it means 'to whom,' 'to what,' 'by whom,' or 'by what,' asking about the recipient or agent of an action. Its meaning depends on the context, often indicating an indirect object or an instrument.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

G4613

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: see-MOH-nee

Translations: (to) Simon

Notes: This is the dative singular form of the proper noun 'Simon'. Simon was a very common name in the ancient world, particularly among Jews, and is borne by several significant figures in the Bible, including Simon Peter, Simon the Zealot, and Simon of Cyrene. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to Simon' or 'for Simon'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Simon is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name Shim'on (שִׁמְעוֹן), meaning 'he has heard' or 'hearing'. It was a very common name among Jews during the Hellenistic and Roman periods.

G5599, G3739

Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G2281

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tha-LAS-san

Translations: sea, a sea

Notes: This word refers to a large body of salt water, such as an ocean or a large lake. It is commonly used to describe the sea as a physical location or as a powerful natural force. In sentences, it often appears as the direct object of a verb, indicating something done to or with the sea.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΩΚΕΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'thalassa' is of pre-Greek, Mediterranean origin, likely borrowed into Greek from an earlier language spoken in the Aegean region. It is not derived from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G0565

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-EEL-then

Translations: he went away, he departed, he left

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to go away' or 'to depart'. It is formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes an action of moving from one place to another, specifically moving away from a point of reference. It is often used to indicate a final departure or a permanent leaving.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G0032

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ANG-geh-los

Translations: angel, a angel, messenger, a messenger

Notes: This word refers to a messenger, envoy, or one who is sent to deliver a message. In a religious context, it commonly refers to a divine messenger or an angel. It is a masculine noun and is frequently used in the New Testament to describe both human and divine agents.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΞ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΣ

Etymology: From an assumed primary verb meaning 'to bring tidings'. It is related to the idea of sending or conveying a message.

G2980

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: lah-LOHN

Translations: speaking, talking, saying, a speaker, one who speaks

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'λαλέω' (laleō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'. It describes someone who is currently in the act of speaking or talking. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the speaking man'), or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who speaks').

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΙΡΗΚΩΣ

Etymology: The word 'λαλέω' (laleō) is of uncertain origin, possibly onomatopoeic, imitating the sound of babbling or chattering. It is related to the idea of uttering sounds or words.

G5455

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: foh-NEE-sas

Translations: having called, having spoken, having cried out, having uttered a sound

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'φωνέω'. It describes an action of calling, speaking, or crying out that has been completed prior to the main action of the sentence. It can be used to introduce a clause that explains the circumstances or cause of the main verb.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΩ

Etymology: The word 'φωνέω' comes from 'φωνή' (phōnē), meaning 'sound, voice'.

G2152

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-SEH-bay

Translations: pious, godly, devout, righteous, holy

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is pious, godly, or devout. It refers to a person who shows reverence and respect towards God, or an action that is in accordance with divine will. It can be used to describe individuals, their character, or their actions.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ὉΣΙΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ, ἉΓΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΣΕΒΗΣ is a compound word derived from the Greek prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'well' or 'good', and the verb ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ (sebomai), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. Thus, it literally means 'well-worshipping' or 'rightly revering'.

G4342

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-kar-teh-ROON-ton

Translations: of those who continued, of those who persevered, of those who devoted themselves, of those who attended constantly

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'continuing', 'persevering', or 'devoting oneself'. It describes an ongoing action of steadfastness or persistent attendance. In this genitive plural form, it refers to 'those who are continuing' or 'those who are persevering'. It is often used to describe a group of people who are steadfastly committed to something or someone.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΜΕΝΟΝΤΩΝ, ΕΜΜΕΝΟΝΤΩΝ

G1834

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ex-ay-GAY-say-men-os

Translations: having explained, having narrated, having expounded, having declared

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb meaning 'to explain' or 'to narrate'. It describes an action that has been completed by the subject. It is often used to indicate that someone has provided a detailed account or interpretation of something.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΞΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ἡγέομαι (hēgeomai), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. Thus, it literally means 'to lead out' or 'to guide out', which evolved into the sense of explaining or expounding something fully.

G0537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PAN-tah

Translations: all, every, the whole, all things, everything

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It can refer to a complete group or quantity. It is often used to emphasize the totality of something, such as 'all people' or 'all time'. When used in the neuter plural, it can be translated as 'all things' or 'everything'.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural; or Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Singular or Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ, ΣΥΜΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΑΣ (apas) is a compound word formed from the prefix Α- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'completely', and ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G3597

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: oh-doy-poh-ROON-tohn

Translations: traveling, journeying, going on a journey, those who are traveling

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'hodoiporeō', meaning 'to travel' or 'to journey'. It describes someone who is in the act of traveling or journeying. In the provided context, it functions as a genitive plural participle, indicating 'of those who are traveling' or 'while they were traveling'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΔΙΑΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΟΔΟΙΠΟΡΕΩ is a compound word formed from ΟΔΟΣ (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road', and ΠΟΡΕΥΩ (poreuō), meaning 'to go' or 'to journey'.

G1448

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eng-GIZ-on-tone

Translations: of those drawing near, of those approaching, of those coming near

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'enggizo', meaning 'to draw near' or 'to approach'. As a participle, it describes an action or state and functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun. In this form, it refers to 'those who are drawing near' or 'those who are approaching'. It is often used to describe people or things that are coming into proximity.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'enggizo' comes from the Greek adverb 'engys' (ἔγγυς), meaning 'near' or 'at hand'. The verb form adds the idea of moving towards or becoming near.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1430

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DOH-ma

Translations: house-top, a house-top, roof, a roof, house, a house

Notes: This word refers to the flat roof of a house, which in ancient times was often used as an additional living space for various activities, such as sleeping, walking, or even worship. It can also refer more generally to a house or dwelling.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΟΣ, ΣΤΕΓΗ

Etymology: The word ΔΩΜΑ (dōma) comes from the Greek verb δέμω (demō), meaning 'to build'. It refers to something built, specifically a house or a part of a house.

G4336

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-YOOK-sas-thai

Translations: to pray, to make a prayer, to offer prayer

Notes: This word means to pray or to offer prayer. It is commonly used in the context of addressing God or a deity, expressing devotion, making requests, or giving thanks. It can be used in sentences like 'He went to pray' or 'They gathered to pray to the Lord'.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek προσεύχομαι (proseúkhomai), a compound of πρός (pros, "to, toward") and εὔχομαι (eúkhomai, "to pray, to wish").

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-neh-toh

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it became, it was, it came into being

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative middle/passive of the verb γίνομαι (ginomai). It signifies an event that occurred or a state that came into existence in the past. It is frequently used to introduce a new event or development in a narrative, often translated as 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'. It can also describe something becoming or being made into something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G4359

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pros-PEI-nos

Translations: hungry, very hungry, famished

Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning 'very hungry' or 'famished'. It describes a state of intense hunger. It is used to indicate that someone is experiencing a strong desire for food, often to the point of being faint or weak from lack of sustenance.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΝΩΝ, ΛΙΜΩΤΤΩΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in addition to', and the noun ΠΕΙΝΟΣ (peinos), meaning 'hunger'. The prefix intensifies the meaning of hunger.

G3903

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pah-rah-skeh-vah-ZON-ton

Translations: preparing, making ready, providing, equipping

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'those who are preparing' or 'while they were preparing'. It describes the ongoing action of making something ready or providing for a need. It can be used to describe people or things that are in the process of getting something organized or equipped.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek παρασκευάζω (paraskeuázō), from παρά (pará, “beside, by”) + σκευάζω (skeuázō, “to prepare, to make ready”), from σκεῦος (skeûos, “equipment, vessel”).

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G1611

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EK-stah-sis

Translations: ecstasy, a trance, trance, astonishment, amazement, bewilderment, a bewilderment

Notes: This is a compound word derived from 'ἐκ' (out of) and 'στάσις' (a standing). It refers to a state of being 'out of oneself,' which can manifest as a trance or vision, where one's normal consciousness is suspended, or as an overwhelming emotion like astonishment, amazement, or bewilderment, causing one to be 'beside oneself.' It is used to describe profound mental or emotional states.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΑΜΒΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΠΛΗΞΙΣ, ἈΠΟΡΙΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'ἔκστασις' (ékstasis), meaning 'a displacement, trance, astonishment'. It is formed from 'ἐκ' (ek, 'out of') and 'στάσις' (stasis, 'a standing, state').

G2334

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: theh-oh-REH-ee

Translations: he sees, she sees, it sees, he beholds, she beholds, it beholds, he observes, she observes, it observes

Notes: This word describes the act of seeing or beholding, often implying a careful, contemplative, or analytical observation rather than a mere glance. It suggests a sustained gaze or a thoughtful consideration of what is being seen. It is used to describe someone who is watching an event unfold or examining something closely.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩ

G2597

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-BAH-ee-non

Translations: descending, coming down, going down

Notes: This word is a present active participle, neuter singular, nominative or accusative case, of the verb 'καταβαίνω'. It means 'descending' or 'coming down'. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'βαίνω' (to go, to step). It describes an action of moving from a higher place to a lower one.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΙΣΧΝΕΟΜΑΙ

G4632

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SKEV-os

Translations: vessel, a vessel, instrument, an instrument, article, an article, implement, an implement, jar, a jar, container, a container, goods, equipment

Notes: This word refers to any kind of vessel, implement, or article, often implying something useful or designed for a specific purpose. It can denote a container like a jar or pot, a tool or instrument, or more broadly, any piece of equipment or household good. Its meaning is quite versatile and depends on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΓΕΙΟΝ, ΕΡΓΑΛΕΙΟΝ, ΟΡΓΑΝΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΣΚΕΥΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *skeu-, meaning 'to cover, to conceal'. It is related to words signifying equipment or preparation.

G0746

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-KHAIS

Translations: (to) beginnings, (to) rulers, (to) authorities, (to) principalities, (to) first places, (to) divisions, (to) companies

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'ἈΡΧΗ'. It refers to the initial point of something, a position of authority, or a person holding such authority. In military contexts, it can refer to divisions or companies of soldiers, as seen in the provided examples where it describes groups of people or troops. It indicates the recipient or indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΙΣ, ΔΥΝΑΜΕΣΙΝ, ΗΓΕΜΟΣΙΝ

G2507

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: kah-thee-EH-meh-non

Translations: let down, lowered, sent down, a thing let down

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb καθίημι (kathíēmi), meaning 'to let down' or 'to send down'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been lowered or sent down. It can be used to describe an object or a person that has been brought from a higher position to a lower one.

Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΒΑΙΝΟΝ, ΚΑΤΑΦΕΡΟΜΕΝΟΝ

Etymology: The verb καθίημι (kathíēmi) is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (katá), meaning 'down', and the verb ἵημι (híēmi), meaning 'to send' or 'to throw'. Thus, its core meaning is 'to send down' or 'to throw down'.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

G5225

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-PEER-khen

Translations: was, existed, there was, there existed, had, possessed

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'to be' or 'to exist', often implying a state of being or possession that continued over a period in the past. It can mean 'was', 'existed', or 'there was/existed'. It can also mean 'to have' or 'to possess', indicating what someone had or what was available to them. It describes a continuous or repeated action or state in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΗΝ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G2062

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: er-PEH-tah

Translations: creeping thing, creeping things, reptile, reptiles, animal, animals

Notes: This word refers to any creeping or crawling creature, such as a reptile, insect, or even a small animal that moves close to the ground. It is often used in a general sense to describe various types of animals, particularly those that are not large or domesticated. In some contexts, it can simply mean 'animal' or 'beast'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΖΩΟΝ, ΘΗΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ἑρπετόν (herpeton) comes from the Greek verb ἕρπω (herpō), meaning 'to creep' or 'to crawl'. It is related to the Latin word 'serpens' (serpent) and the English word 'serpent', reflecting a shared Indo-European root for creeping motion.

G5456

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foh-NAY

Translations: voice, sound, noise, a voice, a sound, a noise

Notes: This word refers to a voice, a sound, or a noise. It is commonly used to describe the sound produced by living beings, such as a human voice or the sound of an animal, but can also refer to inanimate sounds like thunder or the sound of a trumpet. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΗΧΟΣ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (to speak, tell, say). Cognate with Latin fari (to speak) and English ban.

G0450

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-na-STAS

Translations: having risen, having stood up, rising, standing up, getting up

Notes: This word is a masculine, singular, nominative participle derived from the verb ἀνίστημι (anistēmi), meaning 'to rise' or 'to stand up'. As a participle, it describes an action performed by the subject of the main verb, often indicating an action that has already occurred or is occurring concurrently. It can be translated as 'having risen' or 'standing up', depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΟΡΘΟΣ

G2068

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PHA-geh

Translations: Eat!, Devour!

Notes: This is an aorist imperative form of the verb 'to eat' or 'to devour'. It is a command directed at one person, telling them to perform the action of eating. It can be used in various contexts, from a literal command to eat food to a more figurative sense of consuming or destroying something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΣΘΙΩ, ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: The verb φάγω (phagō) is the aorist stem of ἐσθίω (esthíō), meaning 'to eat'. The stem φάγ- is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an ancient root meaning 'to consume' or 'to devour'.

G3367

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: may-da-MOHS

Translations: by no means, in no way, not at all, never

Notes: This adverb emphasizes a strong negation, meaning 'by no means' or 'not at all'. It is used to express a firm refusal or prohibition, indicating that something should absolutely not happen or is absolutely not the case. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'μη' (not) and 'δαμως' (in any way).

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΑΜΩΣ, ΟΥΔΕΠΟΤΕ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΑΜΩΣ is an adverbial form derived from the adjective ΜΗΔΑΜΟΣ (medamos), meaning 'no one, nothing'. It is a compound of the negative particle ΜΗ (me, 'not') and ΔΑΜΟΣ (damos, related to 'any' or 'at all').

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3763

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: oo-deh-POH-teh

Translations: never, at no time

Notes: This word is a compound adverb meaning 'never' or 'at no time'. It is formed from the negative particle οὐδέ (oude), meaning 'not even' or 'nor', and the indefinite adverb ποτέ (pote), meaning 'at some time' or 'ever'. When combined, they create a strong negation, indicating that something has not happened or will not happen at any point in time. It is used to express absolute negation of an action or state.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΠΩ, ΟΥ̓ΔΑΜΩΣ

G2068

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PHA-gon

Translations: ate, did eat, have eaten

Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb 'to eat'. It describes an action of eating that occurred in the past, without specifying whether it was a continuous or repeated action. It can mean 'I ate', 'they ate', or 'we ate' depending on the context, as the form is ambiguous between first person singular and third person plural in the aorist indicative active.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, First Person Singular or Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ, ΤΡΩΓΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ἐσθίω' (esthiō), from which 'ἐφαγον' is derived, comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to eat'.

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: PAN

Translations: all, every, whole, everything, a whole

Notes: This word is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. For example, it can mean 'all things' or 'everything' when used substantively, or 'the whole' when modifying a singular noun. It can also be used to mean 'every' when referring to individual items within a group.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- meaning 'to protect, feed'. Its meaning evolved to 'all' or 'whole' in Greek.

G2839

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: KOY-non

Translations: common, shared, public, a common thing, the common thing, a community, the community

Notes: This word refers to something that is common, shared, or public. As an adjective, it describes something belonging to or used by all. As a neuter noun, it can refer to a common thing, a public matter, or even a community or commonwealth.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΗΜΟΣΙΟΣ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom-yos, meaning 'common, shared'. It is related to the idea of 'togetherness' or 'fellowship'.

G0169

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-ka-THAR-ton

Translations: unclean, impure, defiled, an unclean thing, an impure thing

Notes: This word describes something that is ritually or morally impure, defiled, or unfit for sacred use. It can refer to things that are ceremonially unclean according to Jewish law, or to spiritual impurity. It is often used to describe animals, food, or spirits that are considered unholy.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΙΝΩΣ, ΜΙΑΣΜΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'un-') and 'καθαρτός' (kathartos), which means 'cleansed' or 'purified'. Thus, it literally means 'not cleansed' or 'unpurified'.

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G0353

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-LEEMF-thay

Translations: was taken up, was received up, was assumed

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from ἀνά (ana, 'up') and λαμβάνω (lambanō, 'to take' or 'to receive'). It means 'to take up,' 'to receive up,' or 'to assume.' In the passive voice, as seen here, it describes something or someone being taken up, often implying an ascent or elevation, particularly into heaven or to a higher place. It is frequently used in contexts describing ascension.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOH

Translations: (to) himself, (for) himself, (to) herself, (for) herself, (to) itself, (for) itself, (to) themselves, (for) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the clause. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the subject itself. It can be used for singular or plural subjects, and its specific meaning (himself, herself, itself, themselves) depends on the gender and number of the subject it refers to. In this dative form, it often conveys the sense of 'to' or 'for' the subject.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G3705

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-RAH-mah

Translations: vision, a vision, sight, a sight, appearance, an appearance

Notes: This word refers to something seen, especially a supernatural appearance or a divine revelation, often in a dream or trance. It can also refer to a physical sight or appearance. It is used to describe what one perceives with their eyes, whether literally or figuratively, as in a prophetic vision.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΟΠΤΑΣΙΑ, ΕΝΥΠΝΙΟΝ

Etymology: From the verb ὁράω (horaō), meaning 'to see'. It refers to the result or object of seeing.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G649

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ah-pes-tal-MEH-noy

Translations: sent ones, those who have been sent, apostles, messengers

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle, masculine plural, nominative or vocative case, of the verb 'ἀποστέλλω' (apostellō), meaning 'to send away' or 'to send forth'. It describes individuals who have been dispatched or commissioned for a specific purpose. When used as a substantive (like a noun), it refers to 'those who have been sent' or 'apostles'. It can be used to describe people who are delegated or appointed.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Vocative, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΕΣΒΕΥΤΑΙ, ΚΗΡΥΚΕΣ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΙ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G2186

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEH-stee-san

Translations: they stood over, they stood by, they came upon, they appeared, they attacked, they set over

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'. In its aorist indicative active form, it means 'they stood over', 'they stood by', 'they came upon', or 'they appeared'. It can also imply an unexpected or sudden appearance, or even an attack. In some contexts, it can mean 'they set over' or 'they appointed'.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist Indicative Active

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἐφίστημι is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon, over, to', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand, to set'. It is derived from Proto-Indo-European roots related to standing or placing.

G5455

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: foh-NEE-san-tes

Translations: having called, having spoken, having sounded, having cried out, having uttered a sound

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'φωνέω' (phōneō), meaning 'to call' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed prior to the action of the main verb in the sentence. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main action. For example, it could be translated as 'having called' or 'when they had called'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΩΝ

G4441

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-POON-tha-non-toh

Translations: they were asking, they were inquiring, they were learning, they were finding out

Notes: This is the imperfect indicative, middle/passive voice, third person plural form of the verb "πυνθάνομαι" (punthanomai). It means "they were asking," "they were inquiring," or "they were learning/finding out." This verb is often used to describe the act of seeking information or making an inquiry, and it can also imply gaining knowledge as a result of that inquiry. It is a deponent verb, meaning it has a middle or passive form but an active meaning.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ἘΡΩΤΑΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G1941

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-kah-LOO-meh-noss

Translations: calling upon, calling, being called, appealing to, appealing, invoking, being invoked, surnamed, who is called

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'epikaleō'. It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. In the middle voice, it means 'calling upon' or 'appealing to' someone or something for help, support, or as a witness. In the passive voice, it means 'being called' or 'being surnamed', indicating a name or title given to someone. It can also refer to someone who is 'invoking' or 'being invoked'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Middle or Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ

G1759

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: en-THA-deh

Translations: here, hither, in this place

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating location, meaning 'here' or 'in this place'. It is used to specify a position or direction towards the speaker or a designated location. For example, it can be used to say 'come here' or 'stand here'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ὩΔΕ, ἘΝΤΑΥ͂ΘΑ

Etymology: This word is formed from the demonstrative adverb ἔνθα (entha), meaning 'there' or 'where', combined with the suffix -δε (-de), which indicates motion towards a place. Thus, it means 'to this place' or 'here'.

G4074, G4073

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: PEH-troo

Translations: of Peter, of a stone, of rock, of stones

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the proper noun ΠΕΤΡΟΣ (Petros), meaning 'Peter', referring to the apostle Simon Peter. It can also be the genitive singular form of the common noun ΠΕΤΡΑ (petra), meaning 'rock' or 'stone', or the genitive plural form of the common noun ΠΕΤΡΟΣ (petros), meaning 'stone' or 'rock'. The meaning depends on the context. When referring to a person, it means 'of Peter'. When referring to objects, it means 'of a stone' or 'of stones'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine (for Peter); Singular, Genitive, Feminine (for rock); Plural, Genitive, Masculine (for stones)

Synonyms: ΚΗΦΑΣ, ΛΙΘΟΣ

Etymology: The name ΠΕΤΡΟΣ (Petros) is derived from the Greek word for 'stone' or 'rock'. It was given to Simon by Jesus, signifying his role as a foundational 'rock' in the church. The common noun ΠΕΤΡΟΣ (petros) refers to a detached stone or pebble, while ΠΕΤΡΑ (petra) refers to a large mass of rock or bedrock.

G1770

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-en-thoo-MOU-meh-noo

Translations: considering, pondering, reflecting, thinking over, deliberating

Notes: This word describes the act of deeply considering, pondering, or reflecting on something. It implies a thorough mental process of deliberation or thinking over a matter. It is often used to describe someone who is in the midst of a thought process, such as when Peter was pondering the vision.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Genitive, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΛΟΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΣΚΟΠΕΩ, ΒΟΥΛΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G4151

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEV-mah

Translations: spirit, a spirit, wind, a wind, breath, a breath

Notes: This word refers to 'spirit,' 'wind,' or 'breath.' In a physical sense, it can mean a gust of wind or the act of breathing. Theologically, it often refers to the Holy Spirit, a spiritual being, or the human spirit. It is a neuter noun and its meaning can vary depending on the context, from a literal breeze to a divine essence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ

Etymology: The word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ derives from the verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe,' 'to blow,' or 'to gasp.' It refers to something that is breathed or blown.

G2212

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: zay-TOON-tes

Translations: seeking, looking for, searching for, desiring, requiring

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ζητέω' (zēteō), meaning 'to seek' or 'to look for'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action and can function adjectivally or adverbially, often translated as 'those who are seeking' or 'while seeking'. It implies an active and continuous effort to find or obtain something.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΖΗΤΕΩ, ΑΝΑΖΗΤΕΩ

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G1252

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-KREE-noh-meh-noss

Translations: doubting, disputing, judging, discerning, hesitating, wavering, making a distinction, separating, contending

Notes: This word is a present passive participle of the verb 'διακρίνω'. It describes someone who is in a state of being judged, discerning, or making a distinction. It can also refer to someone who is doubting, hesitating, or disputing, often implying an internal struggle or a lack of firm conviction. In some contexts, it can mean to contend or argue with someone.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΣΤΑΖΩ, ΑΜΦΙΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΡΙΝΩ

G1473

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G649

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pes-TAL-kah

Translations: I have sent, I have dispatched, I have commissioned

Notes: This word is the first person singular, perfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἀποστέλλω' (apostellō), meaning 'to send away' or 'to dispatch'. The perfect tense indicates an action completed in the past with continuing results in the present. It describes the state of having sent someone or something, or the result of that sending.

Inflection: First person singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-MEE

Translations: I am, to be, exist, happen

Notes: This is the Koine Greek verb 'to be', 'to exist', or 'to happen'. It is a fundamental and highly irregular verb, often used as a copula (a linking verb) to connect the subject of a sentence to a predicate noun or adjective, indicating identity or a state of being. It can also indicate existence or occurrence. For example, 'Ἐγὼ εἰμι' translates to 'I am'.

Inflection: First person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: This verb is one of the oldest and most fundamental verbs in the Greek language, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages.

G2212

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: zay-TEH-ee-teh

Translations: you seek, you are seeking, you demand, you require, you desire, you investigate, you try to find

Notes: This word means to seek, search for, or try to find something or someone. It can also imply demanding, requiring, or desiring something. It is used when someone is actively looking for an object, a person, or even a solution to a problem.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Second Person, Plural; or Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΖΗΤΕΩ, ΑΝΑΖΗΤΕΩ, ΕΚΖΗΤΕΩ

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G0156

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ai-TEE-ah

Translations: cause, a cause, reason, a reason, charge, a charge, accusation, an accusation, fault, a fault

Notes: This word refers to the underlying cause or reason for an event or action. It can also denote a legal charge or accusation brought against someone, or the fault for something. It is used to explain why something happened or why someone is being blamed.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΦΑΣΙΣ, ΑἸΤΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΑἸΤΙΑ comes from the verb αἰτέω (aitéō), meaning "to ask, beg, demand." It originally referred to the act of asking or demanding, then evolved to mean the ground or reason for such a demand, and subsequently, the cause or responsibility.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3936

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pah-RES-teh

Translations: be present, stand by, present yourselves, you are present, you stood by

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'παρίστημι' (paristēmi), which means 'to stand by', 'to be present', 'to assist', or 'to present'. It can function as an imperative, commanding someone to be present or stand by, or as an indicative, stating that someone is present or stood by. Its meaning often depends on the context, particularly whether it's used transitively (to present something) or intransitively (to be present).

Inflection: Second Person Plural, Aorist Active Indicative or Second Person Plural, Aorist Active Imperative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word 'παρίστημι' (paristēmi) is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'ἵστημι' (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AY-pahn

Translations: they said, they spoke

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'εἶπον' (eîpon), which functions as the aorist tense for 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes a completed action in the past, indicating that a group of people 'said' or 'spoke' something. It is used to report direct speech or to state what was communicated by multiple individuals.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΛΗΣΑΝ, ΕΦΑΣΑΝ

G1342

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: dee-KAH-ee-oss

Translations: righteous, just, upright, fair, a righteous one, a just one

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is righteous, just, or in conformity with divine or human law. It can refer to a person who acts morally and ethically, or to an action that is considered fair and equitable. When used as a noun, it refers to a righteous person.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (can also be used substantively as a noun)

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ, ΕΥΘΥΣ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek word δίκη (dikē), meaning 'justice' or 'right'. It describes that which is in accordance with justice or right.

G3140

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: mar-ty-ROO-meh-nos

Translations: being testified, being witnessed, being borne witness to, being attested, being certified, being approved

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being testified' or 'being borne witness to'. It describes someone or something that is receiving testimony or witness from another. It is often used to indicate that a person's character or actions are being affirmed or validated by others.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-noos

Translations: of a nation, of the nation, of a people, of the people, of a Gentile, of the Gentile, of a heathen, of the heathen

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people, or a race, often used in the context of non-Israelite peoples or Gentiles. It can also refer to a group of people united by common descent, language, or culture. In the New Testament, it frequently distinguishes between Jews and non-Jews (Gentiles).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ, ΓΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'), suggesting a group united by common customs.

G5537

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ekh-ray-ma-TIS-thay

Translations: he was divinely instructed, he was warned by God, he was called, he was given a name, he transacted business

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'chrematizo'. In its passive voice, it often refers to receiving a divine warning or instruction, or being given a name or title by divine appointment. It can also mean to be engaged in business or to have dealings with someone, particularly in a financial or official capacity.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΔΙΔΑΣΚΩ

Etymology: The word 'chrematizo' comes from 'chrema' (χρῆμα), meaning 'a thing, business, money', which in turn comes from 'chraomai' (χράομαι), meaning 'to use'. The verb originally meant 'to have business dealings', then 'to deal with an oracle', and eventually 'to receive a divine message or warning'.

G1528

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eis-kah-leh-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having called in, having invited in, having summoned in

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle, meaning 'having called in' or 'having invited in'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, where the subject is also the one who benefits from or initiates the calling/inviting. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΙΣ (into) and the verb ΚΑΛΕΩ (to call, to invite). It is used to indicate that someone has brought another person or group into a specific place or situation by calling or inviting them.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΙΣΚΑΛΕΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΙΣ (into, to) and the verb ΚΑΛΕΩ (to call, to invite). ΚΑΛΕΩ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to shout, to call'.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G3579

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-EH-ni-sen

Translations: he entertained, he lodged, he made strange, he was a stranger, he was surprised

Notes: This word is a verb in the aorist active indicative, third person singular. It means to entertain or lodge a stranger, to show hospitality, or to make something strange or unfamiliar. It can also mean to be a stranger or to be surprised by something new or unexpected. In the provided context, it likely refers to someone entertaining or lodging guests.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΙΛΟΦΡΟΝΕΟΜΑΙ

G1831

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-EHL-then

Translations: he went out, she went out, it went out, he came out, she came out, it came out, he departed, she departed, it departed

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes the action of moving from an inside place to an outside place, or departing from a location. It is used to indicate that a person or thing has exited or left a specific area.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G4905

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-EEL-thon

Translations: came together, gathered, assembled, met

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, meaning "to come together" or "to assemble." It describes a past action where multiple individuals or groups converged or gathered in one place. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (together with) and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (to come).

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΝΤΑΙ

G1525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-EEL-then

Translations: entered, went in, came in, came into, went into

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to enter' or 'to go/come in'. It describes the action of moving from an outside location to an inside one. It is often used to indicate arrival or penetration into a place or state.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΣΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΙΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word εἰσέρχομαι (eiserchomai) is a compound verb formed from the preposition εἰς (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

G4328

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pros-do-KOHN

Translations: expecting, waiting for, looking for, looking forward to

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'expecting' or 'waiting for'. It describes an ongoing action of anticipation. It is often used to indicate someone who is looking forward to an event or outcome, whether good or bad. It can be used in a sentence like 'The people were expecting the king's arrival' or 'He was waiting for the sign'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ

Etymology: The word προσδοκάω (prosdokao) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and δοκάω (dokao), which is related to δέχομαι (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. Thus, it conveys the idea of looking towards something with the expectation of receiving or encountering it.

G4779

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-ka-le-SAH-me-nos

Translations: having called together, having assembled, having summoned

Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the preposition 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. Therefore, it means 'to call together' or 'to assemble'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed by the subject, often translated as 'having called together' or 'having assembled'. It is used to indicate that the subject performed the action of gathering people before proceeding with another action.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ΣΥΓΚΑΛΕΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΚΑΛΕΩ (kaleō), meaning 'to call'.

G4773

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: syng-ge-NEYS

Translations: related, kindred, kinsfolk, relatives, a relative, kinsmen, a kinsman

Notes: This word describes someone who is related by birth or family, indicating a familial connection. It can be used as an adjective to describe something as 'related' or 'kindred,' or more commonly as a noun to refer to 'relatives' or 'kinsfolk.' It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and 'γένος' (genos), meaning 'race, family, or kind,' emphasizing the shared origin or family tie.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΣΥΓΓΕΝΕΙΣ

G0316

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-nang-KAI-oos

Translations: necessary, essential, important, urgent, close (as in a close friend or relative)

Notes: This word describes something that is necessary, essential, or important. It can also refer to people who are closely related or intimately connected, such as close friends or relatives. It is used to indicate a strong requirement or a vital connection.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΣ, ΕΠΙΤΑΚΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνάγκη (anankē, “necessity, compulsion”) + -αιος (-aios, adjectival suffix).

G5384

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: fee-LOOS

Translations: friends, beloved ones, dear ones, beloved, dear

Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'beloved one', or as an adjective meaning 'dear' or 'beloved'. It is used to refer to individuals or groups who are cherished, loved, or closely associated with someone. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to 'friends' or 'beloved ones' in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of an action.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

G1525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ice-EL-thain

Translations: to enter, to go in, to come in

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'to enter' or 'to go in'. It describes the action of moving into a place or situation. It is often used to indicate the commencement of an action or the arrival at a destination.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕἸΣΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕἸΣΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

G4876

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: soon-AN-tay-sas

Translations: having met, meeting, encountering, coming together, coming upon

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having met' or 'when one met'. It describes an action that occurred prior to the main verb of the sentence. It is used to indicate that someone came into contact with another person or thing, often by chance or by appointment. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'Having met him, I spoke to him.'

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΥΧΩΝ

G4098

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: peh-SOHN

Translations: having fallen, falling, fell, fallen

Notes: ΠΕΣΩΝ is the aorist active participle of the verb ΠΙΠΤΩ, meaning 'to fall' or 'to fall down'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed relative to the main verb of the sentence. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, indicating cause, time, or manner. For example, 'the man having fallen' or 'when he fell'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΜΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΕΡΙΠΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: The root verb ΠΙΠΤΩ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to fall'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also convey the idea of falling or dropping.

G1453

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-GAY-ren

Translations: he raised, she raised, it raised, he lifted, she lifted, it lifted, he woke, she woke, it woke, he stirred up, she stirred up, it stirred up

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to raise,' 'to lift up,' 'to awaken,' or 'to stir up.' It is used to describe an action performed by a single subject in the past, such as raising a person from sleep or death, lifting an object, or causing something to begin or intensify.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative Active

Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΥΨΟΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΓΕΙΡΩ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to rouse' or 'to awaken.' It is related to the idea of causing something to rise or stand up.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G0450

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: Ah-nas-TAY-thee

Translations: Rise up!, Stand up!, Arise!

Notes: This word is a command, specifically telling one person to 'rise up' or 'stand up'. It can be used literally, such as rising from a seated or prone position, or metaphorically, such as rising to action or from a state of inactivity or death. It functions as a direct order or exhortation.

Inflection: 2nd Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Imperative

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΟ, ΣΤΗΘΙ

Etymology: The word ἀνίστημι (anistēmi), from which ἈΝΑΣΤΗΘΙ is derived, is formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to set'. Thus, it literally means 'to stand up' or 'to cause to stand up again'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AN-throh-poss

Translations: man, a man, human being, a human being, person, a person

Notes: This word refers to a human being, encompassing both male and female individuals. It is used broadly to denote mankind in general, or a specific person, often in contrast to God or animals. It can be used in various contexts to refer to any member of the human race.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΗΡ, ΒΡΟΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνθρώπος (anthrōpos), its origin is uncertain but possibly related to ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'eye, face'), or from a pre-Greek substrate.

G4816

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soon-oh-mee-LON

Translations: talking with, conversing with, speaking with

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΟΜΙΛΕΩ (HOMILEO), meaning 'to associate with' or 'to converse'. Therefore, ΣΥΝΟΜΙΛΩΝ means 'talking together with' or 'conversing with'. It describes the action of engaging in conversation with someone.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΔΙΑΛΕΓΟΜΑΙ

G4905

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-el-ay-LOO-thoh-tas

Translations: having come together, having assembled, having gathered, those who have come together, those who have assembled, those who have gathered

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning "having come together" or "having assembled." It describes a state of having gathered or convened. It is often used to refer to a group of people who have met or gathered in a particular place, functioning adjectivally to describe them.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΗΓΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΣΥΝΗΘΡΟΙΣΜΕΝΟΥΣ

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G4334

Part of Speech: Infinitive Verb

Sounds like: pros-ER-khes-thai

Translations: to come to, to approach, to draw near, to go to, to resort to

Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'προσέρχομαι' (proserchomai). It is a compound verb formed from 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes the action of moving towards someone or something, indicating an approach or drawing near. It can be used in various contexts, such as approaching a person, a place, or even a concept like God or a task.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΛΗΣΙΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΩ

Etymology: The word 'προσέρχομαι' (proserchomai) is a compound verb derived from the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to, towards, with', and the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come, to go'. Its etymology reflects the action of movement in a specific direction.

G246

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: al-LO-foo-loh

Translations: of another tribe, of another nation, of foreigners, of aliens, of Philistines

Notes: This word is a compound word derived from 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other', and 'φυλή' (phylē), meaning 'tribe' or 'nation'. It refers to someone belonging to a different tribe, nation, or race, often implying a foreigner or an alien. In a specific biblical context, it can refer to the Philistines, who were considered foreigners by the Israelites. It is used to describe people who are not part of one's own group or people.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΞΕΝΟΣ, ΕΘΝΙΚΟΣ

G2532, G1698

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun

Sounds like: kah-MOY

Translations: and to me, and for me, also to me, also for me, even to me, even for me

Notes: This word is a crasis (contraction) of the conjunction 'καὶ' (kai), meaning 'and', 'also', or 'even', and the dative pronoun 'ἐμοί' (emoi), meaning 'to me' or 'for me'. Therefore, 'κἀμοί' means 'and to me', 'also to me', 'even to me', or similar variations depending on context. It is used when the speaker is included in an action or statement, often emphasizing their participation or experience.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Dative

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: may-THEH-nah

Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, any, not any, none

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one', 'nobody', 'nothing', or 'not any'. It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something or someone. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating that there is 'not any' of that noun. As a pronoun, it stands in for 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is often used in prohibitions or commands, especially with the subjunctive mood, to forbid an action.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine or Feminine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥΔΕΝ

G1352

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: DEE-oh

Translations: therefore, wherefore, for this reason, on account of which

Notes: This is a compound conjunction formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'. It is used to introduce a consequence or conclusion, indicating that what follows is a result of what has just been stated. It functions similarly to 'therefore' or 'for this reason' in English.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'.

G369

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ah-nan-TEE-rray-tohs

Translations: unquestionably, undeniably, without dispute, without gainsaying

Notes: This adverb describes an action or state as being beyond any possibility of contradiction, dispute, or objection. It indicates that something is done or exists in a manner that cannot be argued against or denied. It emphasizes the absolute certainty or lack of opposition regarding a matter.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΜΦΙΣΒΗΤΗΤΩΣ, ἈΔΙΑΦΟΡΩΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the adjective ἀναντίρρητος (anantirrhetos), meaning 'unquestionable' or 'undeniable', which itself comes from ἀν- (an-, a negative prefix) and ἀντιρρέω (antirrheo), meaning 'to speak against' or 'to contradict'.

G2064

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EEL-thon

Translations: they came, I came, he came, she came, it came

Notes: This word is an aorist active indicative form of the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes an action that happened in the past, without specifying its duration or completion. It can be used for the 1st person singular ('I came') or the 3rd person plural ('they came'), and sometimes 3rd person singular ('he/she/it came') depending on context and subject agreement.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G3343

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tah-PEM-fthays

Translations: having been sent for, having been summoned, having been called

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from 'μετά' (with, after) and 'πέμπω' (to send). It means to send for someone, to summon, or to call for. In this form, it is a participle, indicating an action that has already occurred, often translated as 'having been sent for' or 'having been summoned'. It describes the state of someone who has been called to come.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ

G4441

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poon-THA-noh-my

Translations: to inquire, to learn, to ascertain, to ask, to hear

Notes: This verb means to inquire, to learn by inquiry, or to ascertain. It is a deponent verb, meaning it has a passive form but an active meaning. It is often used to describe the act of gaining information through questioning or investigation, or simply to hear news or learn facts. It can be used with a genitive case to indicate the source of information, or with an accusative case for the object of inquiry.

Inflection: Present Tense, Middle/Passive Voice (Deponent), Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΑΚΟΥΩ

Etymology: From an assumed root *πυνθ- (punth-), related to the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰewdʰ- meaning 'to be aware, to make aware'.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LO-go

Translations: (to) word, (to) reason, (to) account, (to) saying, (to) message, (to) speech, (to) matter, (to) thing, by word, by reason, by account, by saying, by message, by speech, by matter, by thing

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' (logos). 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' is a fundamental term in Greek, meaning 'word,' 'reason,' 'account,' 'speech,' or 'message.' In its dative form 'ΛΟΓΩ,' it often indicates the indirect object of an action, the means or instrument by which something is done, or the cause or reason for something. It can be translated with prepositions like 'to,' 'for,' 'by,' or 'with,' depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

G3343

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tep-EM-psas-theh

Translations: you sent for, you summoned, you called for yourselves

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'μετά' (with, after, indicating change) and 'πέμπω' (to send). It means to send for someone, to summon, or to call for. The middle voice indicates that the action is performed by the subject for their own benefit or interest, implying 'you sent for them for yourselves'. It is used when someone requests the presence of another person.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΠΕΜΠΩ is a compound of the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and the verb πέμπω (pempo), meaning 'to send'. The combination signifies sending for someone or summoning them.

G3360

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during

Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ

Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.

G4336

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: pros-yoo-KHO-meh-nos

Translations: praying, one who prays, a praying one

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'praying' or 'one who prays'. It describes someone who is actively engaged in prayer. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun (e.g., 'the praying man'), or adverbially, indicating the manner or circumstance of an action (e.g., 'he spoke while praying').

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΑΙΤΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ

G1799

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: en-OH-pee-on

Translations: before, in the presence of, in the sight of, (of) before, (of) in the presence of, (of) in the sight of

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in the presence of'. It can also be used as a preposition with the genitive case, meaning 'in the presence of' or 'in the sight of' someone or something. It often conveys the idea of being directly in front of, or under the observation of, another.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); functions as a preposition with the genitive case.

Synonyms: ἘΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound formed from the preposition ἘΝ (en, meaning 'in') and the noun ὬΨ (ōps, meaning 'face' or 'eye'). It literally means 'in the face of' or 'in the sight of'.

G2986

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: LAM-prah

Translations: bright, brilliant, radiant, splendid, a splendid, glorious, a glorious, clear, a clear, white, a white

Notes: This word describes something that is bright, shining, or splendid. It can refer to physical light, like the sun or stars, or to something that is metaphorically brilliant or glorious, such as wisdom or a way of life. It can also describe something that is clear or white in appearance. It is used to qualify nouns, agreeing with them in gender, number, and case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Nominative, Neuter Plural, Nominative, Neuter; or Plural, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΩΤΕΙΝΟΣ, ΛΕΥΚΟΣ, ΕΝΔΟΞΟΣ

G5346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PHAY-sin

Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said

Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.

G1522

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-ay-KOOS-thay

Translations: was heard, was answered, was listened to

Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative, third person singular form of the verb ΕἸΣΑΚΟΥΩ (eisakouō). It means 'to be heard' or 'to be answered', often in the context of prayers being heard or responded to by God. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ἈΚΟΥΩ (akouō), meaning 'to hear'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Etymology: The verb ΕἸΣΑΚΟΥΩ (eisakouō) is a compound of the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ἈΚΟΥΩ (akouō), meaning 'to hear'. ἈΚΟΥΩ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to hear'.

G4335

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-YOO-khee

Translations: prayer, a prayer, supplication

Notes: This word refers to an act of prayer or supplication, a communication with God or a deity. It is commonly used to describe the act of worship or a specific request made in prayer. It can be used in contexts ranging from personal devotion to public worship.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, ΕΥΧΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek προσεύχομαι (proseúkhomai, “to pray”), from πρός (prós, “to, toward”) + εὔχομαι (eúkhomai, “to pray, to wish”). It literally means 'a prayer directed towards'.

G1824

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eks-OW-tays

Translations: immediately, at once, forthwith, straightway

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'immediately' or 'at once'. It is used to indicate that an action happens without delay, right away. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (out of, from) and the genitive singular feminine form of the pronoun 'αὐτός' (self, same).

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΣ, ΠΑΡΑΧΡΗΜΑ, ΑΦΝΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΕΚ (or ΕΞ before a vowel) meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the genitive singular feminine form of the pronoun ΑΥΤΟΣ, meaning 'self' or 'same'. Over time, this combination evolved to mean 'from the very moment' or 'immediately'.

G3854

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-geh-NO-meh-nos

Translations: having come, having arrived, being present, having appeared

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραγίνομαι', meaning 'to come alongside', 'to arrive', or 'to be present'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred relative to the main verb of the sentence. It often functions adverbially, indicating the circumstances or time of the main action, such as 'when he had come' or 'after arriving'.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'παραγίνομαι' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to come into being'. Together, they convey the sense of 'coming alongside' or 'arriving'.

G3918

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-ES-men

Translations: we are present, we are here, we are ready, we are at hand

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para, meaning 'beside' or 'alongside') and the verb εἰμί (eimi, meaning 'to be'). It means 'to be present', 'to be at hand', or 'to be ready'. It is used to indicate someone's presence or availability, often in response to a call or command.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Present Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΣΤΗΚΑΜΕΝ, ΕΣΜΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ is a compound of the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb εἰμί (eimi), meaning 'to be'.

G4367

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-teh-TAG-meh-nah

Translations: commanded things, things commanded, orders, instructions

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been commanded' or 'that which has been commanded'. In its neuter plural form, it refers to 'things that have been commanded' or 'orders/instructions'. It is often used to describe duties, laws, or directives that have been given.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΑΙ, ΔΙΑΤΑΓΜΑΤΑ, ΚΕΛΕΥΣΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: The word προστάσσω (prostassō) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to order'. Thus, it literally means 'to arrange towards' or 'to set in order for'.

G4771

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-OO

Translations: of Lord, of the Lord, of God, of the Master

Notes: This word refers to a lord, master, or owner. In religious contexts, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, it is frequently used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, often as a title of reverence and authority. It can be used in sentences like 'the house of the Lord' or 'the word of the Lord'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (kyrios) derives from the root κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'power, authority'. It originally referred to someone who possessed authority or control, such as a master or owner, and later evolved to be used as a title for deities or rulers.

G4750

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STOH-mah

Translations: mouth, an mouth, opening, edge, speech, utterance

Notes: This word refers to the mouth of a person or animal. It can also metaphorically refer to an opening or entrance, such as the mouth of a river or a cave. Furthermore, it is often used to denote speech, utterance, or the edge of a sword or other sharp object, implying the 'cutting' or 'speaking' part. It is a neuter noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΤΟΜΑΤΟΣ, ΣΤΟΜΑΤΙ, ΣΤΟΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'mouth' or 'opening'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G2638

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-lam-BAH-noh-mai

Translations: I am understanding, I am comprehending, I am perceiving, I am seizing, I am overtaking, I am apprehending, I am laying hold of

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb λαμβάνω (lambano, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). In its passive form, it means to be understood, comprehended, or perceived. It can also mean to be seized, overtaken, or apprehended, often implying a forceful or sudden action. In the provided context, it conveys the sense of coming to a realization or understanding.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΕΩ

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G4381

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-so-po-LEMP-tays

Translations: respecter of persons, partial person, one who shows favoritism

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'prosopon' (face, person) and 'lambano' (to take, receive). It refers to someone who shows partiality or favoritism, especially based on outward appearance, status, or position, rather than judging impartially. It describes a person who 'takes a face' or 'accepts a person' over another, implying a lack of fairness.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΛΗΨΙΑ, ΑΔΙΚΙΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: πρόσωπον (prosōpon), meaning 'face' or 'person', and λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. The combination describes the act of 'taking a face' or 'showing partiality based on a person's outward appearance or status'.

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-nay

Translations: (to) nation, (to) people, (to) Gentiles, (to) a nation, (to) a people

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it often refers specifically to the Gentiles, meaning non-Jewish people. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΓΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἔθνος (ethnos) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'custom, habit'. It refers to a group of people living together, sharing common customs or characteristics, and thus forming a nation or people.

G2038

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: er-ga-ZO-me-nos

Translations: working, laboring, doing, performing, practicing, a worker, one who works

Notes: This word is a present participle of the verb 'εργάζομαι' (ergazomai), meaning 'to work' or 'to labor'. It describes someone who is actively engaged in work or performing an action. It can function as an adjective, describing a person who is working, or as a noun, referring to 'one who works' or 'a worker'. It is often used to describe someone who is engaged in a particular trade or activity.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΔΡΑΩ

Etymology: The verb 'εργάζομαι' (ergazomai) is derived from the noun 'ἔργον' (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. It signifies the act of performing work or labor.

G1343

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dih-kah-yoh-SOO-neen

Translations: righteousness, justice, a righteousness

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being righteous or just. It describes a state of moral uprightness, integrity, and conformity to divine or moral law. It is often used in the context of God's character or the standard of conduct expected of believers.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ, ΑΡΕΤΗ, ΑΓΙΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: The word δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) is derived from the adjective δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'righteous' or 'just'. It is formed by adding the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which denotes a state, condition, or quality.

G1184

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: DEK-tos

Translations: acceptable, welcome, pleasing, approved, a welcome one

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is received favorably, approved of, or considered pleasing. It can be used to describe a person who is accepted, or an offering or action that is agreeable to someone, often God. It implies a sense of being well-received or found worthy.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative. Can also be Feminine or Neuter, and inflects for all cases.

Synonyms: ΕΥΑΡΕΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΚΤΟΣ, ΕΥΠΡΟΣΔΕΚΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the Koine Greek verb δέχομαι (dechomai), meaning 'to receive, accept'. It describes something that has been received or is capable of being received.

G2474

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).

G2097

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: yoo-ang-geh-lee-ZOH-meh-nos

Translations: preaching the gospel, bringing good news, evangelizing, proclaiming good tidings

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb meaning 'to evangelize' or 'to bring good news'. It describes someone who is in the act of proclaiming good news, often specifically referring to the Christian gospel. It can function adjectivally, describing a person, or verbally, indicating an ongoing action.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'good' or 'well', and ἈΓΓΕΛΛΩ (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to proclaim'. Thus, it literally means 'to announce good news'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G5547

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khri-STOO

Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss

Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir

Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-non

Translations: having become, having happened, having been, having been born, that which has come into being, a thing that has happened

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become' or 'to happen'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred. It can function as an adjective, describing a noun, or as a noun itself, referring to 'that which has come into being' or 'a thing that has happened'. It implies a state of being or an event that has taken place.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ

G4487

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: RHE-ma

Translations: word, a word, saying, a saying, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, utterance, an utterance

Notes: This word refers to something spoken, an utterance, a saying, or a word. It can also refer to a matter or a thing that is spoken about or decided. It is often used in contexts referring to divine pronouncements or significant statements.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ῥέω (rheō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to flow'. It refers to that which is spoken or uttered.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G0756

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ar-KSA-meh-nos

Translations: beginning, having begun, starting, having started, from

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'archō', meaning 'to begin' or 'to rule'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already started or is in the process of starting. It often indicates the point from which something originates or commences, or the person who initiates an action. It can be translated as 'beginning', 'having begun', or 'from' when indicating a starting point.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΝΑΡΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΡΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G2491

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oh-AN-nays

Translations: John

Notes: This is a common male proper name of Hebrew origin, meaning 'Yahweh is gracious' or 'God is gracious'. It is used to refer to various individuals named John, such as John the Baptist or the Apostle John. It functions as the subject of a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Ἰωάννης (Ioannes) is derived from the Hebrew name Yochanan (יוֹחָנָן), which means 'Yahweh is gracious'. It was a very common name in ancient Israel and continued to be popular in the Hellenistic and Roman periods.

G2424

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-ay-SOON

Translations: Jesus, Joshua

Notes: This is a proper name, the Greek form of the Hebrew name 'Joshua'. It refers primarily to Jesus Christ, the central figure of Christianity. It can also refer to other individuals named Joshua in the Old Testament or other historical figures. In a sentence, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The Greek name ἸΗΣΟΥΣ (Iēsous) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Yehoshua), meaning 'Yahweh is salvation' or 'Yahweh saves'.

G4151

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEV-mah-tee

Translations: (to) spirit, (to) a spirit, (to) wind, (to) a wind, (to) breath, (to) a breath, (to) the Spirit, (to) Holy Spirit, (to) mind, (to) disposition

Notes: This word refers to spirit, wind, or breath. In a theological context, it often refers to the Holy Spirit. It can also denote a person's inner disposition or mind. As a dative case, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' the spirit/wind/breath, or the instrument by which something is done, meaning 'by' or 'with' the spirit/wind/breath.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΑΝΕΜΟΣ

G2109

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: yoo-er-geh-TON

Translations: benefiting, doing good, a benefactor, one who benefits

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'one who does good' or 'one who benefits'. It describes an ongoing action of providing help or advantage. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (acting as a noun) referring to the person performing the beneficial action. For example, it could be used to describe someone who is constantly helping others.

Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative or Accusative; or Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative; or Masculine, Plural, Genitive

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΠΟΙΩΝ, ΩΦΕΛΩΝ

G2390

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: ee-OH-meh-nos

Translations: healing, curing, restoring, a healing one, the one healing

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb ἰάομαι (iaomai), meaning 'to heal' or 'to cure'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is in the process of healing or being healed. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who heals').

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΘΕΡΑΠΕΥΩΝ, ΣΩΖΩΝ

Etymology: The verb ἰάομαι (iaomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ieh₂- meaning 'to heal'.

G2616

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-dy-nah-stew-OH-meh-noos

Translations: oppressed, those being oppressed, those who are oppressed

Notes: This word describes someone who is being oppressed or unjustly dominated by another. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and 'δυναστεύω' (dynasteuō), meaning 'to exercise power' or 'to rule'. Thus, it signifies the exercise of power in a way that brings someone down or holds them in subjection.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΔΟΥΛΟΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ, ΚΑΤΑΠΟΝΕΩ

G1228

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ah-BOH-loo

Translations: (of) devil, (of) slanderer, (of) accuser, (of) an accuser

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun ΔΙΑΒΟΛΟΣ (diabolos). It refers to an accuser, a slanderer, or the Devil. In the New Testament, it is most commonly used to refer to Satan, the chief adversary of God and humanity. It is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast', thus literally meaning 'one who throws across' or 'one who casts accusations'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΑΤΑΝΑΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΕΙΡΑΣΤΗΣ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3144

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MAR-too-res

Translations: witnesses, a witness

Notes: This word refers to individuals who have seen or heard something and can provide testimony or evidence. It is used in legal contexts for those who give evidence in court, or more generally for those who attest to the truth of something. It can also refer to someone who bears witness to a belief, even to the point of death (from which the English word 'martyr' is derived).

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΡΤΥΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *smer- meaning 'to remember, to care for'. It is related to words concerning memory and remembrance, as a witness is someone who remembers and recounts events.

G2419

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-roo-sa-LEEM

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This is the name of the ancient city of Jerusalem, a significant city in the history of Judaism and Christianity. It is often referred to as the Holy City and is central to many biblical narratives. As a proper noun, it functions as the subject or object in a sentence, referring specifically to this particular city.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It is derived from ancient Hebrew roots and has been known by various names throughout history, but Jerusalem is its most enduring form.

G0337

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-EYE-lan

Translations: they took up, they took away, they killed, they destroyed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to take up,' 'to take away,' or 'to kill/destroy.' It is often used in the context of removing something or someone, sometimes violently. In the provided context, it refers to killing or putting to death.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

Etymology: From ἀνά (ana, 'up') and αἱρέω (haireō, 'to take'). It literally means 'to take up' or 'to take away,' and by extension, 'to kill.'

G2910

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kreh-MAH-san-tes

Translations: having hanged, having hung, having suspended

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'kremannymi', meaning 'to hang' or 'to suspend'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed before the main verb, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It indicates that the subject has performed the action of hanging or suspending something or someone. For example, it can be used to describe someone who has been crucified or executed by hanging.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΡΤΑΩ, ΣΤΑΥΡΟΩ

Etymology: The word 'kremannymi' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to hang'. It is related to other Greek words referring to suspension or things that are suspended.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G1717

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: em-fah-NEH

Translations: visible, manifest, evident, clear, apparent

Notes: This word describes something that is visible, manifest, or clearly evident. It is used to indicate that something is not hidden but is openly displayed or easily perceived. It can refer to things that are seen with the eyes or understood intellectually.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΣ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ, ΠΡΟΔΗΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΜΦΑΝΗΣ (emphanēs) is derived from the prefix ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'among', and the verb φαίνω (phainō), meaning 'to show' or 'to appear'. Thus, it literally means 'appearing in' or 'made visible'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai

Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

G4401

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pro-keh-kheh-roh-to-nee-MEH-noys

Translations: (to) those chosen beforehand, (to) those appointed beforehand, (to) those designated beforehand

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been chosen beforehand' or 'having been appointed beforehand'. It describes individuals who were selected or designated for a specific purpose prior to an event. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the recipients of an action or the persons to whom something is directed.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΟΡΙΖΩ, ΠΡΟΕΚΛΕΓΩ

G4906

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-fah-GOH-men

Translations: we ate with, we have eaten with, we dined with

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to eat with' or 'to dine with'. It describes the action of sharing a meal or eating in the company of others. The prefix 'συν-' (syn-) means 'with' or 'together', and the root verb relates to eating. It is used to indicate a shared experience of eating.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΕΣΘΙΩ (esthiō), meaning 'to eat'. The aorist stem of ΕΣΘΙΩ is ΦΑΓ-.

G4909

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-PEE-oh-men

Translations: drank with, ate and drank with

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'σύν' (with) and 'πίνω' (to drink). It means 'to drink with someone' or 'to drink together'. It is used to describe the act of sharing a drink or participating in a meal where drinks are consumed with others, often implying fellowship or shared experience. In the provided context, it is used alongside 'συνεφάγομεν' (we ate with), reinforcing the idea of sharing a meal.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, First Person, Plural

G0450

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nas-TAY-nai

Translations: to rise, to stand up, to raise, to be raised, to appear, to come forth

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'anistēmi'. It means 'to rise' or 'to stand up', often implying a movement from a lower position to an upright one, or from inactivity to activity. It can also mean 'to be raised' or 'to cause to rise', especially in the context of resurrection. In some contexts, it can mean 'to appear' or 'to come forth'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἘΓΕΙΡΩ, ὈΡΘΟΩ, ἈΝΙΣΤΑΝΩ

G3498

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: NEK-ron

Translations: of the dead, of dead ones

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'ΝΕΚΡΟΣ', meaning 'dead' or 'a dead person'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of the dead' or 'belonging to the dead'. It can refer to deceased individuals collectively or to the state of being dead.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΘΝΕΩΤΩΝ, ΑΠΟΘΑΝΟΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to lie down' or 'to be still', related to the idea of a corpse or something lifeless.

G3853

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-ang-GEL-len

Translations: he commanded, he ordered, he instructed, he charged, he gave orders

Notes: This word describes the act of giving a command, order, or instruction. It implies a directive from a position of authority or a clear communication of what is to be done. It is often used in contexts where someone is charged with a specific task or responsibility.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and the verb ἀγγέλλω (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to report'. Thus, it originally conveyed the idea of announcing something from beside someone, or giving a message directly.

G2784

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kay-ROOK-sai

Translations: to proclaim, to preach, to herald, to announce

Notes: This word means to proclaim, preach, or announce publicly, often with authority or as a herald. It implies a formal and open declaration, making something known to a wide audience. It is used to describe the act of delivering a message, especially one of importance or divine origin.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΩ, ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: From κῆρυξ (kēryx, 'herald'). The verb means 'to be a herald, to proclaim as a herald'.

G1263

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-mar-too-RAH-sthai

Translations: to solemnly testify, to earnestly warn, to protest, to bear witness, to charge, to adjure

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and the verb μαρτύρομαι (martyromai), meaning 'to bear witness' or 'to testify'. It signifies to bear witness or testify with great earnestness, solemnity, or thoroughness. It can also mean to earnestly warn, to protest, or to charge someone with something, often with an appeal to a higher authority or a strong sense of conviction. It is used to emphasize the seriousness and importance of the testimony or warning being given.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and the verb ΜΑΡΤΥΡΟΜΑΙ (martyromai), meaning 'to bear witness' or 'to testify'. The prefix intensifies the action of testifying.

G3724

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: ho-ree-SMEH-nos

Translations: appointed, determined, designated, fixed, defined, marked out, a determined one

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'horizo', meaning 'to define' or 'to determine'. It describes something that has been set, appointed, or marked out with a clear boundary or purpose. It is used to refer to something that is fixed or established by a higher authority or by fate.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΙΩΡΙΣΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΕΚΥΡΩΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'horos' (ὅρος), meaning 'boundary' or 'limit'. The verb 'horizo' (ὁρίζω) means 'to divide, separate, or mark out boundaries'.

G2923

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KREE-tays

Translations: judge, a judge

Notes: A 'κρίτης' is a judge, someone who presides over a court of law or acts as an arbiter in disputes. This word refers to a person who makes decisions, renders judgments, or determines the outcome of a situation, often in a legal or authoritative capacity. It can be used to describe both human judges and, in a theological context, God as the ultimate judge.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΣΤΗΣ, ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb κρίνω (krino), meaning 'to judge, decide, or separate'. The suffix -της (-tes) indicates an agent or doer of the action.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G4396

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-FEE-tai

Translations: prophets, (to) prophets, (of) prophets

Notes: This word refers to individuals who speak on behalf of God or a deity, often foretelling future events or delivering divine messages. In Koine Greek, it is a masculine noun. The form 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΑΙ' is the plural form, which can function as nominative (the subject of a sentence), dative (indicating to whom or for whom something is done), or vocative (used for direct address).

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Dative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΕΙΣ, ΧΡΗΣΜΟΛΟΓΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΗΣ' comes from the Greek prefix 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'for', and 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. Thus, it literally means 'one who speaks before' or 'one who speaks for' (another).

G266

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hah-mar-tee-OHN

Translations: of sins, of a sin

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun "ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ" (hamartia), which means "sin" or "missing the mark." It refers to actions, thoughts, or states that fall short of God's standard or will. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession, origin, or relation, often translated as "of sins" or "concerning sins." It is frequently used in contexts discussing forgiveness, repentance, or the consequences of wrongdoing.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΑΔΙΚΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ

Etymology: The word "ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ" is a compound word derived from the prefix "α-" (a-), meaning "not" or "without," and "μερος" (meros), meaning "part" or "share," or from "μαρτάνω" (martano), meaning "to miss the mark." It originally referred to an archer missing the target and evolved to mean a moral or spiritual failure.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-BANE

Translations: to take, to receive, to get, to seize, to grasp, to obtain

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to take' or 'to receive', indicating the action itself without specifying a subject or tense, often used after other verbs or prepositions. It can refer to physically taking something, receiving a gift or information, or grasping a concept.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *slegh- ('to seize, to take'). In Greek, it developed into 'λαμβάνω', meaning 'to take, to grasp, to receive'.

G4100

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pis-TEV-on-tah

Translations: believing, a believer, those believing, those who believe

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'to believe'. It describes someone who is in the act of believing or who is characterized by belief. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the believing person'), or substantivally, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'a believer' or 'those who believe'). In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative case, indicating the object of an action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΑΣ, ΕΜΠΙΣΤΕΥΟΝΤΑΣ

G2980

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-LOON-tos

Translations: of speaking, of talking, of saying, of proclaiming

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'laleō', meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'. It describes someone who is in the act of speaking or has just spoken. In this form, it is a genitive singular participle, often translated as 'of one speaking' or 'while speaking'. It can refer to a person, a voice, or a message being uttered.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΟΝΤΟΣ, ΦΩΝΟΥΝΤΟΣ

G1636

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-PEH-sen

Translations: fell upon, fell on, fell, rushed upon

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'on') and the verb πίπτω (piptō, meaning 'to fall'). It describes the action of falling or rushing upon something or someone, often with a sense of suddenness or intensity. It can be used literally, as in someone falling onto another, or metaphorically, as in fear or a dream falling upon someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G0040

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AH-gee-on

Translations: holy, sacred, a holy thing, a sacred thing, set apart

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'holy,' 'sacred,' or 'set apart.' It describes something that is consecrated to God, pure, or morally blameless. It can refer to places, objects, or people that are dedicated to divine service or possess a divine quality. In its neuter form, it can also refer to a 'holy thing' or 'sacred place.'

Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Singular; Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΣΙΟΣ, ΙΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to venerate' or 'to dread'. It refers to that which inspires awe and reverence, particularly in a religious context.

G0191

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-KOO-on-tas

Translations: those hearing, the ones hearing, of those hearing, to those hearing

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'hearing' or 'listening'. It functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is in the act of hearing or listening. In this form, it is masculine or neuter, plural, and can be accusative (direct object) or genitive (possessive, 'of those hearing') or dative ('to those hearing'). It is often used to refer to 'those who hear' or 'the hearers'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Plural, Masculine or Neuter, Accusative, Genitive, or Dative

Synonyms: ΑΚΡΟΑΤΑΣ, ΑΚΟΥΣΤΑΣ

G1839

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-ES-tay-san

Translations: were amazed, were astonished, were beside themselves, were out of their minds

Notes: This word describes a state of being greatly surprised, astonished, or overwhelmed, often to the point of being beside oneself or losing one's composure. It can imply a sense of wonder, shock, or even mental disorientation due to an extraordinary event or revelation. It is used to describe a strong emotional reaction to something unexpected or profound.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΘΑΥΜΑΖΩ, ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ, ΕΚΣΤΑΤΙΚΟΣ

G4061

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-ree-toh-MACE

Translations: of circumcision, a circumcision

Notes: This word refers to the act of circumcision, a religious or cultural practice involving the removal of the foreskin. It can also refer to the state of being circumcised. In a broader sense, it can be used metaphorically to describe a spiritual cutting away or purification.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΚΡΟΒΥΣΤΙΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek περιτέμνω (peritemnō, “to cut around”), from περί (perí, “around”) + τέμνω (témnō, “to cut”).

G4103

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: PIS-toy

Translations: faithful, trustworthy, believing, reliable, a believer, the faithful ones

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is faithful, trustworthy, or reliable. As an adjective, it can modify a noun, indicating a quality of steadfastness or belief. When used as a noun, it refers to 'the faithful ones' or 'believers,' often in a religious context, indicating those who have faith or are committed.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ, ΕΓΚΡΑΤΗΣ, ΑΞΙΟΠΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word "ΠΙΣΤΟΣ" comes from the verb "ΠΕΙΘΩ" (peithō), meaning 'to persuade, to trust, to obey.' It describes someone who has been persuaded or has put their trust in something, or someone who is trustworthy.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-soy

Translations: as many as, all who, whoever, how many

Notes: This word functions as a relative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'as many as' or 'all who'. It introduces a relative clause and refers to a quantity or number of people or things. It is used to connect a dependent clause to a main clause, specifying the extent or number of the antecedent.

Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ὅς (hos, 'this, that') and the suffix -σος (-sos), indicating quantity or degree. It is related to other words indicating quantity or extent.

G4905

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-EEL-than

Translations: they came together, they assembled, they gathered

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come'. Therefore, it means 'to come together', 'to assemble', or 'to gather'. It describes a group of people or things converging at a single point or for a common purpose.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΕΛΘΕΙΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come'.

G1431

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DOH-reh-ah

Translations: gift, a gift, free gift, present

Notes: This word refers to a gift or a present, something given freely and without expectation of return. It emphasizes the gratuitous nature of the giving. It can be used in sentences to describe an offering, a donation, or a benevolent act.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΧΑΡΙΣ, ΔΟΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΩΡΕΑ (dōrea) comes from the verb δίδωμι (didōmi), meaning 'to give'. It refers to something that is given.

G1632

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-KEKH-yoo-tai

Translations: has been poured out, is poured out, was poured out

Notes: This word is the perfect passive indicative, third person singular form of the verb ἐκχέω (ekcheō), meaning 'to pour out', 'to shed', or 'to spill'. In the perfect passive, it describes an action that has been completed in the past and whose results continue into the present, indicating that something 'has been poured out' or 'has been shed'. It is often used metaphorically to describe the abundant giving or outpouring of something, such as the Holy Spirit or God's love.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΧΥΝΝΩ, ΕΚΧΥΝΩ

G0191

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-KOO-on

Translations: I was hearing, I heard, they were hearing, they heard

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'to hear'. The imperfect tense describes an action that was ongoing, repeated, or habitual in the past. It can also describe the beginning of an action or an action that was attempted. Depending on the context, it can mean 'I was hearing' or 'they were hearing', or simply 'I heard' or 'they heard' if the continuous aspect is not emphasized.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular or Third Person Plural

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G2980

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: lah-LOON-tone

Translations: speaking, of those speaking, of them speaking, of those who speak, of them who speak

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to speak' or 'to talk'. It describes an action of speaking that is ongoing or habitual. As a genitive plural, it typically functions to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of those who are speaking' or 'of them speaking'. It can refer to a group of people engaged in speech.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΟΝΤΩΝ, ΦΩΝΟΥΝΤΩΝ

G1100

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: glohs-SAIS

Translations: tongues, languages, (with fire) flames, (to) tongues, (to) languages, (to) flames

Notes: This word refers to a tongue, either the anatomical organ or, more commonly, a language or dialect. It can also metaphorically refer to something shaped like a tongue, such as a flame of fire. In the provided examples, it is used to mean 'languages' in the context of different peoples, and 'tongues' or 'flames' in the context of fire.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΛΕΚΤΟΣ, ΦΩΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΓΛΩΣΣΑ is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to words for 'tongue' in other Indo-European languages.

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G3381, G3382

Part of Speech: Particle, Noun

Sounds like: MAY-tee

Translations: surely, perhaps, whether, lest, counsel, wisdom, plan, skill

Notes: This word has two primary meanings depending on context. As an interrogative particle (G3381), it is used to introduce a question expecting a negative answer, often translated as 'surely...not?' or 'perhaps'. It can also introduce a question where the answer is uncertain, meaning 'whether' or 'lest'. As a noun (G3382), it refers to 'counsel', 'wisdom', 'plan', or 'skill'. This noun form is typically feminine.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as a noun)

Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΣΟΦΙΑ

Etymology: The particle 'μητί' (G3381) is a compound of the negative particle 'μή' (not) and the enclitic interrogative particle 'τι' (what, why). The noun 'μῆτις' (G3382) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'μάομαι' (to seek, strive).

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LAH-bon

Translations: I took, they took, I received, they received, I seized, they seized

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take', 'to receive', or 'to seize'. The ending '-ον' indicates that it can be either the first person singular ('I took/received/seized') or the third person plural ('they took/received/seized'). The aorist tense describes a simple, completed action in the past, without emphasis on its duration or repetition. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'they took the book' or 'I received the message'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

G1961

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-MEH-nai

Translations: to remain, to continue, to abide, to persevere, to stay, to endure

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (upon, over, in addition to) and the verb 'μένω' (to remain, to stay). It means to remain in a place, condition, or activity, often implying persistence or steadfastness. It can be used to describe someone who continues to do something, or who stays in a particular location.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ

Etymology: The word is derived from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb 'μένω' (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to stay'. The combination emphasizes persistence or continuation.

G5100