Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Josephus' The Jewish War / Book Two / Chapter 22Book Two, Chapter 22
Interlinear version from Josephus' The Jewish War (Beta)
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G1056
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: gah-li-LAI-an
Translations: Galilee
Notes: This word refers to Galilee, a significant region in northern ancient Israel. It is often used to indicate movement towards or into this region, or as the direct object of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G3973
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-peh-PAH-too
Translations: it had ceased, it had stopped, it had rested
Notes: This is a verb form indicating an action that had been completed in the past and whose effects were still relevant. It means 'it had ceased' or 'it had stopped'. It describes a state of rest or cessation that was ongoing from a past point in time.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Pluperfect, Middle/Passive Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΩ, ἈΝΑΠΑΥΩ
G2796
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kee-NEE-mah-tah
Translations: movement, a movement, motion, a motion, agitation, a stirring
Notes: This word refers to a movement, motion, or agitation. It can describe physical movements of the body or objects, as well as more abstract stirrings or impulses. It is used in a general sense to denote any kind of change in position or state.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΙΝΗΣΙΣ, ΟΡΜΗ, ΠΑΘΟΣ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G1748
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: em-FY-lee-ohn
Translations: of civil, of domestic, of internal
Notes: This word describes something that is 'inborn,' 'native,' or 'belonging to one's own tribe or nation.' In context, it often refers to internal or civil matters, particularly conflicts or troubles within a community or nation, such as civil war or domestic strife. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating 'of those things that are civil/internal'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΙΟΣ, ΕΝΔΟΘΕΝ, ΕΣΩΘΕΝ
Etymology: The word ἘΜΦΥΛΙΟΣ (emphylios) is derived from the prefix ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'among,' and φυλή (phylē), meaning 'tribe,' 'clan,' or 'race.' It thus refers to something 'within the tribe' or 'among one's own people.'
G3973
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: pow-SAH-meh-noy
Translations: having ceased, having stopped, having rested, having refrained, having desisted
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παύω' (paúō), meaning 'to stop,' 'to cease,' or 'to cause to cease.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed. It often indicates that the subject has brought an activity to an end or has come to a halt themselves. It can be used to describe a state of rest or a cessation of effort.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΩ, ΛΗΓΩ, ΚΟΠΑΖΩ
G2351
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tho-RY-bon
Translations: of a crowd, of a tumult, of a disturbance, of a commotion, of an uproar, of a riot
Notes: This word refers to a noise, a crowd, or a disturbance. It can describe the sound of a multitude, a commotion, or an uproar, often implying disorder or a riotous gathering. In the provided context, it is used in the genitive plural, indicating 'of tumults' or 'of disturbances'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΑΡΑΧΗ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ, ΣΥΓΧΥΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΘΟΡΥΒΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly onomatopoeic, imitating the sound of a commotion or uproar.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G4514, G5157
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Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
Sounds like: roh-MAI-oos-e-TRA-pon-toh
Translations: Romans, they turned, they betook themselves
Notes: This is a compound word formed by the concatenation of two distinct words: 'ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ' (Romaioi) and 'ἘΤΡΑΠΟΝΤΟ' (Etraponnto). 'ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ' is the accusative plural of 'ΡΩΜΑΙΟΣ', meaning 'Roman' or 'Romans', indicating the object of an action. 'ἘΤΡΑΠΟΝΤΟ' is the third person plural aorist middle/passive indicative of 'ΤΡΕΠΩ', meaning 'to turn' or 'to betake oneself'. Together, the phrase means 'they turned to the Romans' or 'they betook themselves to the Romans'.
Inflection: ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ: Plural, Accusative, Masculine. ἘΤΡΑΠΟΝΤΟ: 3rd Person, Plural, Aorist, Middle/Passive, Indicative.
G3903
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pah-rah-skeh-VAS
Translations: having prepared, having made ready, having provided, having furnished
Notes: This word is a masculine singular aorist active participle derived from the verb 'παρασκευάζω' (paraskeuazō), meaning 'to prepare' or 'to make ready'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It can be translated as 'having prepared' or 'having made ready', indicating that the subject has completed the act of preparation or provision.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΣΑΣ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΣΑΣ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G2414
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: hee-eh-ro-so-LY-moys
Translations: (to) Jerusalem, (in) Jerusalem, (at) Jerusalem
Notes: This word refers to the city of Jerusalem, a significant city in ancient Israel and a central location in many biblical narratives. It is used here in the dative case, indicating location or direction, such as 'in Jerusalem' or 'to Jerusalem'.
Inflection: Dative, Plural
Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'foundation of peace' or 'city of peace'. It is a compound word derived from 'yara' (to found, to lay a cornerstone) and 'shalom' (peace).
G0420
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: AH-nah-nos
Translations: Ananus
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a specific individual. In the provided context, it refers to Ananus, a high priest mentioned in historical texts, particularly by Josephus. Proper nouns are used to name specific people, places, or things.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Ananus is of Hebrew origin, derived from the name Hananiah, meaning 'Yahweh has been gracious'. It was a common name among Jewish high priests and other prominent figures during the Second Temple period.
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G0749
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ho AR-khee-eh-REFS
Translations: the high priest, a high priest
Notes: This word is a compound noun, formed from 'ἀρχή' (arche), meaning 'first' or 'chief', and 'ἱερεύς' (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It refers to the chief priest, or the highest-ranking priest, in a religious system. In the context of ancient Israel, it specifically refers to the High Priest who served in the Temple in Jerusalem. It is used to denote a singular, specific individual.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The word ἈΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣ is a compound of two Greek words: ἀρχή (arche), meaning 'beginning', 'rule', or 'chief', and ἱερεύς (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It literally means 'chief priest'.
G1415
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: doo-na-TON
Translations: of powerful ones, of mighty ones, of able ones, of rulers, of the powerful, of the mighty, of the able, of the rulers
Notes: This word describes something or someone as powerful, mighty, or able. It is often used to refer to those who hold positions of power or authority, such as rulers or influential people. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, but it can also function as a substantive noun, meaning 'the powerful ones' or 'those who are able'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΩΝ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΩΝ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΩΝ
G3745
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective
Sounds like: OH-soy
Translations: as many as, all who, whoever, how many
Notes: This word functions as a relative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'as many as' or 'all who'. It introduces a relative clause and refers to a quantity or number of people or things. It is used to connect a dependent clause to a main clause, specifying the extent or number of the antecedent.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ὅς (hos, 'this, that') and the suffix -σος (-sos), indicating quantity or degree. It is related to other words indicating quantity or extent.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G4514
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: roh-MAI-ohn
Translations: of Romans, of the Romans
Notes: This word refers to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of the Romans' or 'belonging to the Romans'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Etymology: The word Ῥωμαῖος (Rhomaios) is derived from Ῥώμη (Rhōmē), the Greek name for Rome. It refers to an inhabitant of the city or empire of Rome.
G5426
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-froh-NOON
Translations: they were minded, they thought, they had understanding, they set their mind, they were disposed
Notes: This word describes the act of thinking, having a certain mindset, or being disposed in a particular way. It refers to an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating what a group of people were thinking or how they were oriented in their thoughts or intentions.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΝΟΕΩ, ΔΙΑΝΟΕΟΜΑΙ, ΛΟΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΦΡΟΝΕΩ (phroneō) comes from φρήν (phrēn), meaning 'mind' or 'intellect'. It refers to the faculty of thought and understanding.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G5098
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: teh-TEE-khos
Translations: wall, a wall
Notes: This word refers to a wall, typically a defensive wall or a city wall. It is used to describe a physical barrier or structure. In the provided context, it refers to the walls of Jerusalem.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΙΣΜΑ, ΤΕΙΧΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΤΕΙΧΟΣ (teichos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a wall or fortification. ΤΕΤΕΙΧΟΣ is a reduplicated form, emphasizing the completed state of being walled or fortified.
G4632
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-peh-skeh-YOO-ah-zon
Translations: they were preparing, they were equipping, they were furnishing, they were repairing
Notes: This word describes an ongoing action in the past, meaning 'they were preparing,' 'they were equipping,' 'they were furnishing,' or 'they were repairing.' It implies a continuous or repeated action. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to,' and the verb 'σκευάζω' (skeuazo), meaning 'to prepare' or 'to make ready.' When combined, it often takes on the sense of preparing or equipping something thoroughly, or repairing it.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ, ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: POL-lah
Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things
Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G4171
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: po-le-mis-TEE-ree-ohn
Translations: of instruments of war, of engines of war, of war machines
Notes: This word refers to things used in warfare, specifically instruments or engines of war, such as siege engines or other military equipment. It is derived from the word for 'war' and indicates something pertaining to or used for war.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΠΛΩΝ, ΜΗΧΑΝΗΜΑΤΩΝ
G3704
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OR-gah-non
Translations: of an instrument, of a tool, of an organ, of a device, of a machine
Notes: This word refers to an instrument, tool, or device. It can also refer to a musical instrument or a bodily organ. In a broader sense, it can mean any means by which something is done. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΛΕΙΟΝ, ΣΚΕΥΟΣ
Etymology: The word ὄργανον (organon) comes from the verb ἔργω (ergō), meaning 'to work' or 'to do'. It originally referred to anything that works or is used for work.
G2532, G1223
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: kahee dee-AH
Translations: and through, and by means of, and because of
Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a typographical error for the two separate Koine Greek words "ΚΑΙ" (kai) and "ΔΙΑ" (dia). "ΚΑΙ" is a conjunction meaning "and" or "also," used to connect words, phrases, or clauses. "ΔΙΑ" is a preposition that can take different meanings depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means "through" or "by means of"; with the accusative, it means "because of" or "on account of." Therefore, "ΚΑΙΔΙΑ" would likely mean "and through" or "and by means of" or "and because of" depending on context.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as it is a conjunction and a preposition)
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sees
Translations: of all, of every, of the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to describe a noun, indicating that the noun refers to the entirety of something or every instance of it. It agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used when referring to a singular feminine noun in the genitive case, often indicating possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-leh-ohs
Translations: (of) a city, (of) the city, city, a city
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city' or 'town'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of a city' or 'of the city'. For example, 'the walls of the city' or 'the people of the city'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΣΤΥ, ΚΩΜΗ
G5477
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ekh-al-KEV-eh-toh
Translations: was being forged, was being wrought, was being worked in bronze
Notes: This word is a verb in the imperfect tense, middle or passive voice, third person singular. It describes an action that was ongoing in the past, specifically the process of something being forged, wrought, or worked, often with metal like bronze. For example, 'The metal was being forged' or 'He was working as a smith'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Etymology: The word ΧΑΛΚΕΥΩ (chalkeuō) comes from ΧΑΛΚΕΥΣ (chalkeus), meaning 'coppersmith' or 'brazier', which in turn derives from ΧΑΛΚΟΣ (chalkos), meaning 'copper' or 'bronze'.
G0956
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEH-lee
Translations: arrows, darts, missiles
Notes: This word refers to arrows, darts, or other projectiles. It is typically used in a military or hunting context, describing weapons that are shot from a bow or thrown. It can also be used metaphorically to describe things that are swift or piercing.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΟΞΕΥΜΑΤΑ, ΒΟΛΙΔΕΣ
G3833
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pan-op-LEE-ah
Translations: full armor, complete armor, a full armor
Notes: This word refers to a complete set of armor, including all defensive and offensive equipment. It implies a readiness for battle or spiritual warfare, often used metaphorically in the New Testament to describe the spiritual protection provided by God. It is a compound word, formed from 'πᾶν' (pan), meaning 'all' or 'every', and 'ὅπλον' (hoplon), meaning 'weapon' or 'armor'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΠΛΑ, ΘΩΡΑΞ, ΑΣΠΙΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek παν (pan, “all, every”) + ὅπλον (hoplon, “weapon, armor”). It refers to the complete equipment of a hoplite soldier.
G431
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pros-A-tak-toys
Translations: (to) disorderly, (to) unruly, (to) disobedient
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'disorderly,' 'unruly,' or 'disobedient.' It is often used to describe people who are not subject to order or discipline. It is a compound word formed from 'πρός' (pros, 'to, toward') and 'ἄτακτος' (ataktos, 'disorderly, out of order').
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ἈΤΑΚΤΟΣ, ἈΠΕΙΘΗΣ
G1130
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: gym-na-SEE-ais
Translations: to exercises, to trainings, to disciplines, to practices
Notes: This word refers to physical or mental training, exercise, or discipline. It can describe the act of practicing or preparing for something, often in a structured way, like athletic training or intellectual discipline. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the indirect object or means by which something is done.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΣΚΗΣΙΣ, ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the Greek word γυμνάζω (gymnazo), meaning 'to train naked' or 'to exercise', which is related to γυμνός (gymnos), meaning 'naked'. This reflects the ancient practice of exercising unclothed in gymnasiums.
G3501
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: neh-OHN
Translations: of new, of young, of new things, of young people
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΝΕΟΣ' (neos), which means 'new' or 'young'. It is used to describe something that is fresh, recent, or in an early stage of development, or to refer to people who are young in age. As a genitive plural, it typically translates as 'of new things' or 'of young people', indicating possession, origin, or relationship.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'new'. It is related to the Latin 'novus' and English 'new'.
G4128
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLAY-thoss
Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number
Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ
Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.
G2258
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: HAYN
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was
Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes a continuous or ongoing state or action in the past. It can be translated as 'was', 'he was', 'she was', or 'it was', depending on the subject implied by the context. It is often used to set the scene or describe background information in a narrative.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular
G3324
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MES-tah
Translations: full, filled
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'full' or 'filled with'. It describes something that is completely occupied or supplied. It is often used to indicate that something is abundant or overflowing with a particular quality or substance.
Inflection: Feminine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΗΣ
G3956, G2351
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pan-tah-tho-RY-boo
Translations: of all uproar, of all tumult, of all noise
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'πᾶς' (all, every) and 'θόρυβος' (noise, uproar, tumult). It means 'of all uproar' or 'of all tumult', describing a state where everything is filled with noise or commotion. It is used to indicate a pervasive state of disorder or loud activity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΑΡΑΧΗΣ, ΠΑΝΤΑΚΟΜΜΟΥ
G1169
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: DEI-nay
Translations: terrible, dreadful, fearful, mighty, a terrible, a dreadful
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning terrible, dreadful, or fearful. It describes something that causes fear or awe due to its intensity, power, or severity. It can also mean mighty or formidable. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating a strong or extreme quality.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΟΒΕΡΟΣ, ΦΟΒΕΡΟΣ
G2726
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-tee-FEY-ah
Translations: dejection, despondency, downcast look, gloom, a dejection
Notes: This word refers to a state of dejection, despondency, or gloom, often characterized by a downcast look or a sad countenance. It describes a feeling of deep sadness or discouragement. It is used to describe a general atmosphere or a personal emotional state.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΛΥΠΗ, ΣΚΥΘΡΩΠΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: From κατά (kata, 'down') and φάος (phaos, 'light'), referring to a downcast look or a lack of light/cheerfulness. It literally means 'down-light' or 'down-appearance', indicating a gloomy or dejected state.
G3357
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-tree-ohn
Translations: of moderate, of reasonable, of modest, of ordinary, of fair, of temperate
Notes: This word describes something that is moderate, reasonable, or of a fair and ordinary measure. It can refer to things that are not extreme, either in quantity, quality, or behavior. It is used to describe people or things that are modest, temperate, or within acceptable limits.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΩΝ, ΕΠΙΕΙΚΩΝ, ΜΕΤΡΗΣΙΜΩΝ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOY
Translations: many, much, a lot of
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. For example, it can be used to say 'many people' or 'much time'. It often appears in the plural form to indicate a multitude.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΙ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝΕΣ
G3195, G4308
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: mel-LOO-sas-pro-o-RO-me-noy
Translations: foreseeing future things, foreseeing what is about to be, those who foresee what is about to be
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the genitive feminine singular participle of 'μέλλω' (mellō), meaning 'to be about to' or 'future', and the nominative masculine plural perfect passive participle of 'προοράω' (prooraō), meaning 'to foresee'. The combined meaning refers to 'those who have foreseen future things' or 'those who foresee what is about to happen'. It describes individuals who possess foresight regarding events that are imminent or destined to occur.
Inflection: Compound word: The first part is Genitive, Feminine, Singular. The second part is Perfect, Passive, Nominative, Masculine, Plural.
G4875
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sym-fo-RAS
Translations: of misfortune, of calamity, of disaster, of event, of occurrence
Notes: This word refers to an event or occurrence, often with a negative connotation, implying misfortune, calamity, or disaster. It is typically used to describe an unfortunate happening or a difficult situation.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΤΥΧΙΑ, ΚΑΚΟΝ, ΣΥΜΒΕΒΗΚΟΣ
G0622
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-poh-loh-FY-ron-toh
Translations: they lamented, they mourned bitterly, they bewailed
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to lament bitterly' or 'to bewail'. It describes a strong expression of grief or sorrow, often publicly. The prefix 'ἀπο-' intensifies the action of lamenting. It is used to describe a group of people expressing deep sorrow.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΚΟΠΤΟΜΑΙ, ΠΕΝΘΕΩ, ΘΡΗΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word ἀπολοφύρομαι is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀπο- (apo-), meaning 'from' or 'away', and the verb ὀλοφύρομαι (olophyromai), meaning 'to lament' or 'to wail'. The prefix intensifies the action of lamenting.
G2306
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: thay-ahs-MOY
Translations: divinations, oracles, prophecies
Notes: This word refers to acts of divination, divine pronouncements, or prophecies. It describes the process or result of seeking or receiving divine guidance or revelation, often through omens or inspired utterances. It is used in a general sense to denote any form of divine communication or prediction.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΥΣΤΗΡΙΑ, ΧΡΗΣΜΟΙ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΙΑΣΜΟΣ (theiasmos) is derived from the verb θειάζω (theiazō), meaning 'to be inspired by a god, to prophesy, to divine'. This verb, in turn, comes from θεῖος (theios), meaning 'divine', which is related to θεός (theos), meaning 'god'.
G1515, G0025
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
Sounds like: ee-RAY-nay-nah-gah-POH-sin
Translations: peace-lovers, those who love peace, to those who love peace
Notes: This word is a compound word formed from 'peace' (εἰρήνην, accusative singular) and 'those who love' (ἀγαπῶσιν, dative plural present participle of ἀγαπάω). It refers to individuals or groups who have a strong affection for or commitment to peace. It describes people who are characterized by their love for peace.
Inflection: Compound word: 'Peace' is Accusative Singular, 'Love' is Dative Plural Present Active Participle, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΕΙΡΗΝΕΣ, ΕΙΡΗΝΟΠΟΙΟΙ
G1426
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: doos-FEE-moy
Translations: slanderous, blasphemous, evil-speaking, ill-spoken, infamous
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is slanderous, blasphemous, or speaks evil. It refers to speech or actions that are abusive, defamatory, or impious. It can be used to characterize people who engage in such speech or the speech itself.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine; or Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΟΣ, ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΟΣ
G3588
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G4171
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PO-le-mon
Translations: war, a war
Notes: This word refers to a state of armed conflict between different countries or groups. It is used to describe a battle or a prolonged struggle, often involving military action and violence. In a sentence, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΑΓΩΝ
G1826
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eks-AP-sa-sin
Translations: having kindled, having ignited, having set on fire, having inflamed, having provoked
Notes: This word describes the action of kindling, igniting, or setting something on fire. It can also be used metaphorically to mean to inflame passions, provoke, or incite. In a sentence, it would describe someone who has completed the action of starting a fire or stirring up trouble.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Dative Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΠΤΩ, ΚΑΙΩ, ΠΥΡΩ
G4620, G4314
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb, Preposition
Sounds like: es-kheh-dee-AH-zon-to PROSS
Translations: they were being prepared for, they were being drawn up for, they were being improvised for, they were being composed for
Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the verb 'ἐσχεδιάζοντο' and the preposition 'πρός'. The verb 'ἐσχεδιάζοντο' is the imperfect middle/passive form of 'σχεδιάζω', meaning 'to prepare, to draw up, to improvise, to compose'. The preposition 'πρός' means 'to, toward, with, for'. Together, 'ἐσχεδιάζοντο πρός' indicates that something was being prepared or improvised *for* a particular purpose or *in relation to* something else. It describes an ongoing action in the past where things were being arranged or created with a specific aim or audience in mind.
Inflection: Imperfect, Middle/Passive, Indicative, Third Person Plural (for the verb); Preposition (for 'πρός')
G2237
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hay-doh-NAYN
Translations: pleasure, a pleasure, delight, enjoyment
Notes: This word refers to pleasure, delight, or enjoyment. It is often used to describe a feeling of satisfaction or gratification. In a sentence, it would typically function as the object of a verb or preposition, indicating what is being experienced or sought after.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ, ΧΑΡΑ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ
G2688
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-TAH-stee-mah
Translations: condition, state, a condition, a state, establishment, constitution, order, arrangement, a constitution, an order, an arrangement
Notes: This word refers to a state, condition, or establishment. It can describe the general order or arrangement of something, or the specific condition in which something exists. It is a compound word formed from the prefix κατά- (kata-), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the root of ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to set'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΙΣ, ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΕΞΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΣΤΗΜΑ is derived from the verb καθίστημι (kathistēmi), meaning 'to set down', 'to establish', or 'to appoint'. It combines the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', with the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'.
G4250
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: PRIN
Translations: before, sooner, until, ere
Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a conjunction, indicating a point in time prior to another event or action. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'sooner'. As a conjunction, it means 'before' or 'until', often introducing a clause that describes an event that has not yet happened. It is frequently used with an infinitive or a subjunctive verb.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (forward, through). It is related to the preposition πρό (pro, before).
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-el-THAYN
Translations: to come upon, to come over, to approach, to arrive, to happen, to attack
Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive form of the verb 'eperchomai', meaning 'to come upon' or 'to come over'. It describes an action of approaching, arriving, or even attacking, often implying an unexpected or forceful arrival. It can also refer to something happening or befalling someone.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΕΣΘΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G4514, G1510
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
Sounds like: roh-MAI-oos-AIN
Translations: Romans were, the Romans were
Notes: This word is a compound of two separate Koine Greek words: 'ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ' (Rhomaious) and 'ἨΝ' (ēn). 'ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ' is the accusative plural form of 'ΡΩΜΑΙΟΣ', meaning 'Roman'. 'ἨΝ' is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'εἰμί', meaning 'to be'. Therefore, the combined phrase means 'the Romans were' or 'Romans were'. This construction is not a standard compound word but rather two words written together, likely due to a scribal error or a lack of spacing in the original text.
Inflection: ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ: Plural, Accusative, Masculine; ἨΝ: Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person
G3634
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: OY-on
Translations: such as, of what kind, what sort of, as, like, a such thing, a what sort of thing
Notes: ΟΙΟΝ is the neuter singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΟΙΟΣ. It is used to introduce a comparison, meaning 'such as' or 'as', or to ask about the quality or nature of something, meaning 'of what kind' or 'what sort of'. It can also function as a demonstrative, referring to something of a specific kind.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΟΙΑ, ΟΙΟΙ
Etymology: The word ΟΙΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (this) or the interrogative pronoun ΤΙΣ (who, what).
G0622
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ah-po-loo-MEH-nays
Translations: of perishing, of being destroyed, of being lost
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb ἀπόλλυμι, meaning 'to destroy, to lose, to perish'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing or in progress. In this form, it indicates something that is in the process of perishing, being destroyed, or being lost. It is used to modify a noun, functioning like an adjective, and in this specific form, it is in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Middle/Passive Voice, Present Tense
Synonyms: ΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ
Etymology: The verb ἀπόλλυμι is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ὄλλυμι (ollumi), meaning 'to destroy' or 'to lose'.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: AH-nah-no
Translations: Ananus
Notes: Ananus is a proper noun, referring to a male personal name. It is often used to identify a specific individual in historical or narrative contexts, such as Ananus the son of Jonathan, a high priest mentioned in historical texts.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Ananus is of Hebrew origin, derived from the name Hananiah, meaning 'Yahweh has been gracious'. It was a common name among Jewish people during the Second Temple period.
G1065
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: GEH
Translations: indeed, at least, even, certainly, truly
Notes: This word is an emphatic particle used to add emphasis or certainty to a statement. It can highlight a particular word or phrase, often conveying a sense of 'at least,' 'even,' or 'certainly.' It is frequently used to strengthen an assertion or to draw attention to a specific detail.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΗ, ΚΑΙ, ΜΕΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΕ is of uncertain origin, possibly an ancient demonstrative particle.
G3376, G3378
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb
Sounds like: MAYN
Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly
Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.
Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ
Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.
G5430
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fron-TEES
Translations: care, a care, concern, a concern, thought, a thought, anxiety, an anxiety
Notes: This word refers to careful thought, concern, or anxiety. It denotes the act of giving attention or consideration to something, often implying a burden or preoccupation. It can be used in contexts ranging from diligent planning to worrisome apprehension.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΕΡΙΜΝΑ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the verb φρονέω (phroneō), meaning 'to think, to have understanding, to be minded'. It is related to φρήν (phrēn), meaning 'mind, understanding'.
G3398
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb
Sounds like: mee-KRON
Translations: small, little, a little, a small thing, a short time
Notes: This word is an adjective that describes something as small in size, quantity, or importance. It can be used to refer to physical smallness, a small amount, or something of lesser significance. In its neuter form, it can also function as a noun meaning 'a small thing' or 'a little bit', or as an adverb meaning 'a little' or 'for a short time'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Masculine or Feminine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ
Etymology: The word ΜΙΚΡΟΣ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'small'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of smallness or littleness.
G0868
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-phis-TAH-meh-noh
Translations: (to) departing, (to) revolting, (to) withdrawing, (to) standing away from, (to) falling away
Notes: This is the dative singular masculine or neuter form of the present active participle of the verb ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi). The verb means 'to stand away from, to withdraw, to depart, to revolt, or to fall away'. As a participle, it describes an action being performed by the noun it modifies, functioning adjectivally or adverbially. In the dative case, it often indicates the recipient or indirect object of an action, or the means/instrument.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Dative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΦΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ἈΠΟΠΙΠΤΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and ἵστημι (histēmi, 'to stand, to set'). It literally means 'to stand away from'.
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G3902
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pa-ras-KEV-ohn
Translations: preparations, provisions, equipment, supplies, means, resources
Notes: This word refers to the act of preparing or making ready, or to the things that are prepared, such as provisions, equipment, or resources. It is often used in the plural to denote the means or supplies necessary for an undertaking, like war or a journey. It can also refer to the day of preparation before the Sabbath, which is Friday.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΣΙΑ, ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΙΑ, ΕΦΟΔΙΑ
G2578
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KAMP-sai
Translations: to bend, to turn, to turn back, to return, to bow, to yield
Notes: This word means 'to bend' or 'to turn'. It can refer to physically bending something, or metaphorically turning one's course or returning to a previous state or location. It can also mean to bow down or yield to someone or something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΚΛΙΝΩ, ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kamp- ('to bend, curve').
G4851
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: soom-FEH-ron
Translations: advantageous, profitable, useful, beneficial, expedient, what is advantageous, what is profitable, advantage, profit, benefit
Notes: This word describes something that is advantageous, profitable, or beneficial. As an adjective, it can modify a noun to indicate that it is useful or expedient. When used as a neuter substantive (like 'το συμφέρον'), it refers to 'that which is advantageous' or 'the advantage/benefit' itself. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'φέρω' (to bear, carry).
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΩΦΕΛΙΜΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G4716
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: stah-see-AS-tas
Translations: rebels, insurgents, seditionists
Notes: This word refers to individuals who engage in or instigate civil strife, rebellion, or sedition. It describes someone who causes unrest or takes part in an uprising against authority. In a sentence, it would typically be used to describe a group of people involved in such activities.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ, ΑΝΤΙΤΑΚΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ (stasiastēs) is derived from the Greek word στάσις (stasis), meaning 'a standing, a party, a faction, dissension, sedition'. It refers to someone who is part of a faction or causes division.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G2564
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: klee-THEN-ton
Translations: of those called, of those invited, of those summoned
Notes: This word is a genitive plural masculine/neuter aorist passive participle of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to invite'. It refers to 'those who have been called' or 'those who have been invited'. It is used to describe a group of people who have received a summons or an invitation.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΚΕΚΛΗΜΕΝΩΝ, ΠΡΟΣΚΕΚΛΗΜΕΝΩΝ
Etymology: The word 'καλέω' (kaleō) comes from Proto-Hellenic *kaléō, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to shout' or 'to call out'.
G2207
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: zay-LOH-tone
Translations: of zealots, of a zealot
Notes: This word refers to those who are zealous, ardent, or fanatical, often in a religious or political sense. In the context of ancient Judea, it specifically refers to members of the Zealot party, a Jewish political movement that sought to incite the people of Judea to rebel against the Roman Empire and expel it from the Holy Land by force of arms. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or relationship.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΝΝΑΙΟΙ, ΣΙΚΑΡΙΟΙ
Etymology: The word ΖΗΛΩΤΗΣ (zēlōtēs) comes from the Greek word ζῆλος (zēlos), meaning 'zeal, ardor, rivalry'. It is related to the verb ζηλόω (zēloō), 'to be zealous, to strive after'.
G0877
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-fro-SOO-nane
Translations: folly, foolishness, senselessness, a folly, a foolishness, a senselessness
Notes: This word refers to a lack of good sense or judgment, often implying a state of being unwise or irrational. It describes actions or thoughts that are foolish or senseless. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΙΑ, ΜΩΡΙΑ
G2274
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: heet-TAY-thay
Translations: was defeated, was overcome, was vanquished
Notes: This verb describes the state of being defeated, overcome, or vanquished in a contest, battle, or argument. It is used to indicate that someone or something has lost or succumbed to an opponent. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'The army was defeated' or 'He was overcome by his emotions.'
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΝΙΚΑΟΜΑΙ, ΗΣΣΑΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΗΤΤΑΩ (hettaō) comes from the noun ἧττα (hētta), meaning 'defeat' or 'inferiority'. It is related to the comparative adjective ἥσσων (hēssōn), meaning 'lesser' or 'inferior'.
G0979
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bee-AS
Translations: (of) force, (of) violence, (of) power
Notes: This word refers to the concept of force, violence, or power. It is used to describe an action or state characterized by strength, compulsion, or intensity. It can imply either physical force or a strong, compelling influence.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΕΩΣ, ΙΣΧΥΟΣ
Etymology: The word βία (bia) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has been used since ancient times to denote physical force or power.
G2532, G0302
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: KAN
Translations: even if, although, and if, even though, if, though
Notes: ΚἈΝ is a compound word, formed by the contraction of the conjunction ΚΑΙ (and, also, even) and the particle ἈΝ (a conditional or potential particle). It is used to introduce a conditional clause, often with a concessive sense, meaning 'even if' or 'although'. It can also simply mean 'and if' or 'if' in certain contexts, indicating a hypothetical situation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕἸ ΚΑΙ, ΚΑΙΠΕΡ
G1836
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ex-ACE
Translations: next, following, in a row, in succession, consecutively, thereafter, subsequently
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'next' or 'in succession'. It is used to indicate that something follows in order, either spatially or temporally. For example, it can describe events happening one after another, or items arranged consecutively.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΦΕΞΗΣ, ΚΑΘΕΞΗΣ
Etymology: From the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and ἑξῆς, which is related to ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It conveys the idea of 'holding out' or 'following out' in sequence.
G3634
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: OY-oo
Translations: of what kind, of what sort, of such a kind, of such a sort
Notes: This word is a relative pronominal adjective, meaning 'of what kind' or 'of what sort'. It is used to introduce a clause that describes the nature or quality of something previously mentioned. It can also be used to express comparison, meaning 'such as' or 'as'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΠΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΙΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: From an unknown primary word, likely related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the interrogative 'poios' (what kind).
G5056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TEH-loos
Translations: of an end, of a goal, of a completion, of a purpose, of a result, of a tax, of a custom, of a toll
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the neuter noun 'telos'. It refers to an end, a goal, a completion, a purpose, or a result. In some contexts, it can also refer to a tax, custom, or toll. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions or verbs.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΕΚΒΑΣΙΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- 'to lift, support, weigh'. The word evolved to mean a 'standing place', then 'boundary', and finally 'end' or 'goal'.
G5177, G1213
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-TOO-khen-day-LOH-soh-men
Translations: it happened, we will show; it occurred, we will declare; it befell, we will make clear
Notes: This is a compound phrase, not a single word. It combines the aorist active indicative 3rd person singular of the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō), meaning 'it happened' or 'it occurred,' with the future active indicative 1st person plural of the verb δηλόω (dēloō), meaning 'we will show' or 'we will make clear.' The phrase together means 'it happened, we will show' or 'we will declare what happened.' It describes an event that occurred and a future action to reveal or explain that event.
Inflection: ΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular; ΔΗΛΟΩ: Future, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Plural
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-krah-beh-TAY-neen
Translations: Akrabattene, Akrabattene region
Notes: Akrabattene refers to a toparchy or region in ancient Judea, specifically in Samaria. It was one of the administrative districts mentioned in historical texts, particularly by Josephus. It is used to denote the geographical area.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The name Akrabattene is derived from the Hebrew word 'Akrabim' (scorpion), possibly referring to a place known for scorpions or a rocky, difficult terrain. It was a district in ancient Judea.
G5117
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: toh-PAR-khee-an
Translations: toparchy, a toparchy
Notes: This word refers to a toparchy, which is a district or region governed by a toparch. It denotes a specific administrative division within a larger territory. It is a compound word formed from 'τόπος' (place) and 'ἀρχή' (rule, dominion).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΠΑΡΧΙΑ, ΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ, ΧΩΡΑ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G1097
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: gee-OH-ras
Translations: proselyte, sojourner, stranger, a proselyte, a sojourner, a stranger
Notes: This word refers to a proselyte, a sojourner, or a stranger. In a religious context, it specifically denotes a Gentile who has converted to Judaism. It can also refer more generally to someone living in a foreign land without full citizenship rights.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΗΛΥΤΟΣ, ΠΑΡΟΙΚΟΣ
Etymology: This word is a transliteration of the Hebrew word 'ger' (גֵּר), meaning 'sojourner' or 'stranger'.
G4613
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: SEE-mohn
Translations: Simon
Notes: This is a proper noun, a male personal name. It is a common name found in ancient texts, including the New Testament, referring to various individuals such as Simon Peter or Simon the Zealot. It is used to identify a specific person.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Simon is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name Shim'on (שִׁמְעוֹן), meaning 'he has heard' or 'hearing'. It was a very common name among Jews in the Hellenistic period.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOOS
Translations: many, much, great
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many', 'much', or 'great'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. In this form, it functions as the direct object of a verb, indicating that 'many' people or things are being acted upon.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΑΦΘΟΝΟΣ
G3502
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: neh-oh-teh-RI-zon-ton
Translations: those who are making innovations, those who are stirring up revolution, those who are causing trouble, those who are acting rebelliously
Notes: This word is the genitive plural masculine/neuter present active participle of the verb ΝΕΩΤΕΡΙΖΩ. It refers to people who are actively engaged in making changes, introducing novelties, or, more commonly in a political or social context, stirring up revolution, causing disturbances, or acting rebelliously. It describes a group of individuals who are in the process of innovating or creating unrest.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΤΑΣΙΑΖΟΝΤΩΝ, ΤΑΡΑΣΣΟΝΤΩΝ, ΚΑΙΝΟΤΟΜΟΥΝΤΩΝ
G4921
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: sys-TEE-sah-meh-nos
Translations: having stood together, having gathered, having commended, having established, having presented, having proved
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'συνίστημι' (synistēmi), meaning 'to stand together,' 'to gather,' 'to commend,' 'to establish,' or 'to present.' As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed by the subject, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It can imply bringing people or things together, establishing something, or commending someone to another.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΑΓΩΝ, ΣΥΝΕΛΘΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΣΤΗΣΑΣ
Etymology: The word 'συνίστημι' (synistēmi) is a compound word formed from the prefix 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb 'ἵστημι' (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand.'
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: EHF
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by
Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.
Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G0724
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-pa-GAS
Translations: plunder, robbery, pillage, seizure
Notes: This word refers to the act of seizing, plundering, or robbing, often with violence. It describes the spoils or things taken by force. It is used to denote acts of rapine or violent seizure.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΛΕΙΑ, ΣΥΛΗ, ΔΙΑΡΠΑΓΗ
G5157
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-TRAH-peh-toh
Translations: he turned, she turned, it turned, he turned himself, she turned herself, it turned itself, he turned away, she turned away, it turned away
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to turn' or 'to turn oneself'. It can also mean 'to turn away' or 'to put to flight'. It is often used to describe a change in direction, focus, or even a change in one's behavior or allegiance. In a sentence, it would describe an action performed by a third-person singular subject in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΚΛΙΝΩ, ΜΕΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G2532, G3756
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee-OO
Translations: and not, nor
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction 'καί' (and) and the negative particle 'οὐ' (not). It is used to connect two clauses or phrases, indicating that the second one is a negation of something. It functions similarly to 'nor' or 'and not' in English. For example, 'and not this' or 'nor that'. The apostrophe at the end indicates an elision, meaning the final vowel of 'οὐ' has been dropped before a word beginning with a vowel.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕ
G3440
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
Sounds like: MO-non
Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary
Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ
G3614
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-KEE-as
Translations: of a house, of a home, of a household, of a family, of a dwelling
Notes: This word refers to a house, a dwelling place, or a home. It can also extend to mean a household or a family, encompassing the people living within the house. In the provided context, it is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, such as 'from the house' or 'of the house'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΣ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ
G4682
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: es-pa-RAS-sen
Translations: tore, tore apart, rent, convulsed, threw into convulsions
Notes: This word describes the action of tearing, rending, or convulsing something. It can refer to physically tearing something apart, or metaphorically to a violent agitation or convulsion, often used in the context of evil spirits causing seizures or fits. It is typically used in a past tense to describe an action that has already occurred.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΣΠΑΡΑΤΤΩ, ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΣΥΝΤΑΡΑΣΣΩ
Etymology: The word σπαράσσω (sparassō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to words meaning 'to tear' or 'to pull'.
G4145
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ploo-SEE-ohn
Translations: of rich (people), of the rich
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΠΛΟΥΣΙΟΣ' (plousios), meaning 'rich' or 'wealthy'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of rich people' or 'belonging to the rich'. It can modify nouns of any gender in the genitive plural.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΕΥΠΟΡΩΝ, ΠΟΛΥΧΡΥΣΩΝ
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G4983
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Part of Speech: Noun, Article
Sounds like: tas-SOH-ma-ta
Translations: the bodies, bodies
Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a typographical error. It is a compound of the definite article 'τάς' (tas), which is feminine accusative plural, and 'σώματα' (somata), which is the neuter nominative or accusative plural of 'σῶμα' (soma), meaning 'body'. The gender and case of the article and noun do not match. The correct form for 'the bodies' would typically be 'τὰ σώματα' (ta somata), using the neuter nominative/accusative plural article. It refers to physical bodies.
Inflection: Feminine Accusative Plural (article), Neuter Nominative or Accusative Plural (noun). The article and noun do not agree in gender.
Synonyms: ΣΑΡΚΕΣ, ΧΡΩΜΑΤΑ
G2730
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tee-KEE-zeh-toh
Translations: was settled, was colonized, was inhabited
Notes: This word is the imperfect passive indicative form of the verb 'katoikizo', meaning 'to settle', 'to colonize', or 'to cause to dwell'. In this form, it describes an action that was ongoing in the past, or a state of being settled or inhabited. For example, it could describe a place that was being settled or was in a state of being settled.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΟΙΚΕΩ
G1212
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: DAY-los
Translations: clear, evident, manifest, plain, obvious
Notes: This word describes something that is clear, evident, or manifest. It is used to indicate that something is easily seen, understood, or known, leaving no room for doubt. It can be used to describe facts, truths, or physical appearances.
Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, or Vocative; Singular, Dual, or Plural. It inflects for gender, number, and case to agree with the noun it modifies.
Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ, ΕΜΦΑΝΗΣ, ΠΡΟΔΗΛΟΣ
Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *delh₁- meaning 'to make clear, to show'. It is related to words signifying light or clarity.
G2235
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AY-day
Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now
Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).
G4207
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: por-ROH-then
Translations: from afar, from a distance, afar off
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating origin or position at a distance. It describes an action or state that occurs 'from afar' or 'from a distance'. It is often used to describe seeing, hearing, or coming from a remote place.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΑΚΡΑΝ, ΑΠΟΜΑΚΡΟΘΕΝ
G0756
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ar-KHO-meh-nos
Translations: beginning, starting, being led, ruling, a beginner, one who begins, one who rules
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'ἈΡΧΩ'. It describes someone or something that is in the process of beginning, starting, or being led. Depending on context, it can also refer to someone who is ruling or taking the lead, or simply 'one who begins'. It functions like an adjective or adverb in a sentence.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΕΝΑΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G5171
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: too-ran-NEH-een
Translations: to be a tyrant, to rule tyrannically, to exercise tyrannical power, to reign
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to act as a tyrant or to rule with absolute and often oppressive power. It describes the exercise of tyrannical authority, implying a forceful or despotic form of governance. It can be used in sentences to describe someone who holds or seeks to hold power in an authoritarian manner.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΕΙΝ, ΔΥΝΑΣΤΕΥΕΙΝ
G3992
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pem-FTHAY-sees
Translations: of having been sent, of being sent, of having been dispatched, of being dispatched
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΠΕΜΠΩ' (pempo), meaning 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. As a genitive feminine singular participle, it describes something that 'has been sent' or 'is being sent' and functions like an adjective or noun in the genitive case, often indicating possession, origin, or a relationship 'of' something. It is used to modify a feminine noun or pronoun in the genitive case.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΛΕΙΣΗΣ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΑΛΕΙΣΗΣ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: ep
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with
Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).
Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: HOOP
Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of
Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ
G0425
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-NAH-noo
Translations: of Ananus, Ananus'
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Ananus'. It refers to a specific individual, often a high priest in historical contexts. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin, similar to 'of Ananus' or 'Ananus'' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: From Hebrew Hananiah, meaning 'Yahweh has been gracious'. It was a common name among Jewish high priests and other prominent figures.
G0758, G4754
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-KHON-ton-stra-TEE-as
Translations: of rulers of an army, of the rulers of a host, of the leaders of an army
Notes: This is a compound word formed from two genitive nouns: ἈΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ (archontōn), meaning "of rulers" or "of leaders," and ΣΤΡΑΤΙΑΣ (stratias), meaning "of an army" or "of a host." Together, it refers to the leaders or rulers of an army or host. It describes a group of people who hold authority over a military force.
Inflection: Compound word: ἈΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ is Genitive Plural, Masculine; ΣΤΡΑΤΙΑΣ is Genitive Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΟΝΩΝ ΣΤΡΑΤΟΥ, ΔΥΝΑΣΤΩΝ ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑΤΟΣ
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: mah-SAH-dah
Translations: Masada
Notes: Masada is a proper noun referring to an ancient fortress located on an isolated rock plateau on the eastern edge of the Judean Desert, overlooking the Dead Sea. It is famous for the siege by the Roman Empire at the end of the First Jewish–Roman War. In Koine Greek texts, it is used to refer to this specific historical location.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The name 'Masada' is derived from the Hebrew word 'מצדה' (metzadá), meaning 'fortress' or 'stronghold'. It refers to the ancient fortification in Judea.
G3027
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: lees-TAS
Translations: robbers, bandits, brigands
Notes: This word refers to robbers, bandits, or brigands. It describes someone who commits robbery, often with violence, and can be used to refer to a group of such individuals. In the provided context, it is used as the direct object, indicating those who are brought upon others.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΠΤΗΣ, ΑΡΠΑΞ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: meth
Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with
Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: OHN
Translations: being, who is, which is, he who is, they who are
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It describes a state of being or existence, often functioning like an adjective or a noun. It can be translated as 'being' or 'who is/are' depending on the context, referring to someone or something that is in a particular state or performing an action of being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-khen
Translations: he had, she had, it had, he was having, she was having, it was having
Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that someone or something possessed or held something over a period of time.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
G2607
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-teh-FYOO-gen
Translations: fled for refuge, took refuge, fled
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΦΕΥΓΩ (PHEUGŌ), meaning 'to flee'. Together, it means to flee for refuge, to seek shelter, or to take refuge in a place or with someone. It describes the act of escaping to a safe place, often due to danger or persecution.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ
G2532, G1563
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kah-KAY
Translations: and there, and in that place, and then
Notes: This word is a crasis (a contraction of two words into one) of the conjunction ΚΑΙ (kai, meaning 'and') and the adverb ἘΚΕΙ (ekei, meaning 'there' or 'in that place'). It functions as a compound adverbial phrase, meaning 'and there' or 'and in that place'. It can also sometimes convey the sense of 'and then' when referring to a sequence of events happening in a particular location.
Inflection: Does not inflect
G3360
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEKH-ree
Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during
Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ
Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AL-lohn
Translations: of other, of others, of another, of different
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to things or people that are distinct from those already mentioned or implied. As a genitive plural, it often translates to 'of others' or 'of other things', indicating possession or relation.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΩΝ, ΛΟΙΠΩΝ
G2190
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ekh-THRON
Translations: of enemies, enemies
Notes: This word refers to those who are hostile or adversarial. It is the plural genitive form of 'enemy', indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of enemies' or simply 'enemies' when the context implies possession or separation from them.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΙΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ
G0337
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-ee-REH-seh-ohs
Translations: of destruction, of taking away, of putting to death, of murder
Notes: This word is a noun that refers to the act of taking up, taking away, or removing something. In a more severe context, it can mean destruction, putting to death, or murder. It is often used to describe the violent termination of life or the complete removal of something.
Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΛΕΙΑ, ΘΑΝΑΤΟΣ, ΦΟΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἀναίρεσις (anairesis) comes from the verb ἀναιρέω (anaireō), meaning 'to take up, take away, destroy, kill'. It is formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'.
G3306, G4846
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: MEH-nohn SOON-eh-LEE-zeh-toh
Translations: remaining, plundered together, was plundered together
Notes: This is a compound phrase, likely a participle followed by a verb, meaning 'remaining, he was plundered together' or 'remaining, he was carried off as booty together'. 'ΜΕΝΩΝ' is the present active participle of 'μένω' (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. 'ΣΥΝΕΛΗΪΖΕΤΟ' is the imperfect middle/passive indicative, third person singular, of 'συλληΐζω' (syllyïzō), which means 'to plunder together' or 'to carry off as booty together'. The phrase describes someone who remained and was subsequently plundered or carried off with others.
Inflection: ΜΕΝΩΝ: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle. ΣΥΝΕΛΗΪΖΕΤΟ: Singular, 3rd Person, Imperfect, Middle or Passive, Indicative.
G2489
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-doo-MAH-yah
Translations: Idumaea
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Idumaea, a region south of Judea, historically associated with the descendants of Esau (Edom). It is used to denote the geographical area.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Accusative
Etymology: From Hebrew 'Edom', meaning 'red', referring to the land of Edom, which was later known as Idumaea.
G5620
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: HOH-steh
Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ
Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.
G0758
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AR-khon-tas
Translations: ruler, a ruler, prince, a prince, chief, a chief, magistrate, a magistrate, official, an official
Notes: This word refers to a ruler, prince, chief, or magistrate. It is used to describe someone in a position of authority or power, often a leader in a community or government. It can be used in a general sense for any person holding a position of command or influence.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΔΥΝΑΣΤΗΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-noos
Translations: of a nation, of the nation, of a people, of the people, of a Gentile, of the Gentile, of a heathen, of the heathen
Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people, or a race, often used in the context of non-Israelite peoples or Gentiles. It can also refer to a group of people united by common descent, language, or culture. In the New Testament, it frequently distinguishes between Jews and non-Jews (Gentiles).
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ, ΓΕΝΟΣ
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'), suggesting a group united by common customs.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G4128
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: toh-PLEH-thos
Translations: the multitude, the crowd, the quantity, the great number
Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of the definite article 'τό' (to) and the noun 'πλήθος' (plēthos). It refers to a large number of people or things, a crowd, or a great quantity. It is used in sentences to indicate 'the multitude' or 'the crowd' as the subject or object.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΥΣ
G5407
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: foh-ney-oh-MEH-nohn
Translations: (of) those being murdered, (of) those being slain, (of) those being killed
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'phoneyo,' meaning 'to murder' or 'to kill.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state. In this form, it refers to 'those who are being murdered' or 'those who are being slain.' It is often used to describe victims of violence or conflict.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Middle/Passive Voice, Present Tense
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΑΝΑΙΡΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ
G4912
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Verb
Sounds like: soon-EH-khace
Translations: continuous, constant, pressing, holding together, afflicting, distressed, constrained, urgent
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb ΣΥΝΕΧΩ (synechō), which means 'to hold together,' 'to constrain,' 'to press upon,' or 'to afflict.' As an adjective, it describes something that is continuous, constant, or urgent. It can also function as a participle, indicating an ongoing action of holding, pressing, or afflicting. It is a compound word formed from ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and ΕΧΩ (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold.'
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Present Active Participle; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Adjective
Synonyms: ΑΔΙΑΛΕΙΠΤΟΣ, ΕΠΙΜΟΝΟΣ, ΔΙΑΠΑΝΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΕΧΩ is derived from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb ΕΧΩ (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold.' This combination conveys the sense of holding or keeping things together, or of being held or pressed upon.
G4756
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: strah-TEE-ahn
Translations: army, host, a host
Notes: This word refers to an army or a military force. It can also be used more broadly to describe a large group or multitude, such as a heavenly host or a company of angels. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
G0001
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-THROY-san-tas
Translations: having gathered, having assembled, having collected
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'athroizo', meaning 'to gather' or 'to assemble'. It describes an action that has been completed by the subject, indicating that they have performed the act of gathering or collecting. It is often used to describe a group of people or things being brought together.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΑΓΟΝΤΑΣ, ΣΥΝΕΛΘΟΝΤΑΣ
G1727
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: em-PHROO-roos
Translations: guarded, garrisoned, kept, secured
Notes: This word describes something that is guarded or kept under military protection, often by a garrison. It is used to indicate a state of being secured or protected, typically by a force of soldiers. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐν' (en, in) and 'φρουρός' (phrouros, a guard or watcher).
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΡΟΥΡΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΤΗΡΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΦΥΛΑΣΣΟΜΕΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἔμφρουρος (emphrouros) is derived from the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'among', and φρουρός (phrouros), meaning 'a guard' or 'watcher'. The root φρουρός comes from φρουρέω (phroureō), 'to guard'.
G2968
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOH-mas
Translations: villages, a village
Notes: This word refers to villages or small towns, typically unfortified settlements in the countryside, distinct from larger cities. It is used to describe places where people live outside of major urban centers.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΙΣ, ΧΩΡΑΙ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-ayn
Translations: to have, to hold, to possess, to be able, to keep, to get
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It is used to express possession, a state of being, or ability. As an infinitive, it often functions like a noun, serving as the subject or object of another verb, or it can complete the meaning of another verb.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ
G2480
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-doo-MAH-ee-ahn-EN
Translations: Idumea
Notes: The word "ἸΔΟΥΜΑΙΑΝἘΝ" appears to be a misspelling or a concatenation of the proper noun "ἸΔΟΥΜΑΙΑΝ" (Idumea) and the preposition "ἘΝ" (in/on/among). "ἸΔΟΥΜΑΙΑ" refers to Idumea, a historical region south of Judea. The form "ἸΔΟΥΜΑΙΑΝ" is the accusative singular of this proper noun, used when it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. The preposition "ἘΝ" typically takes the dative case, meaning "in" or "among". Therefore, the combination as written is grammatically incorrect for standard Koine Greek. It is most likely a typographical error where "ἸΔΟΥΜΑΙΑΝ" and "ἘΝ" were merged.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine (for ἸΔΟΥΜΑΙΑΝ); Does not inflect (for ἘΝ)
Etymology: The name "ἸΔΟΥΜΑΙΑ" is derived from the Hebrew "אֱדוֹם" (Edom), referring to the land inhabited by the descendants of Esau. It entered Greek through the Septuagint translation of the Old Testament.
G5124
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toys
Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ
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