2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G5015

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-ta-RAS-seh-toh

Translations: was troubled, was disturbed, was agitated, was stirred up

Notes: This word describes a state of being troubled, disturbed, or agitated, often referring to a person's mind or emotions, or a physical place experiencing unrest. It is used to indicate that someone or something was in a state of being stirred up or in commotion. It is an imperfect tense, indicating continuous or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΘΟΡΥΒΕΩ, ΣΥΓΧΕΩ, ΚΙΝΕΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2540

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kai-ROS

Translations: time, a time, season, a season, appointed time, an appointed time, opportune time, an opportune time

Notes: This word refers to a specific, opportune, or appointed time, often implying a critical moment or a season of activity, as opposed to chronological time (chronos). It is used to denote the right or proper time for something to happen or be done.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΩΡΑ, ΕΥΚΑΙΡΙΑ

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΚΑΙΡΟΣ' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb 'κείρω' (keirō), meaning 'to cut', possibly referring to a 'cut' or 'decisive' moment in time.

G0388

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-PEY-then

Translations: persuaded, was persuading, was convincing, was winning over

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb ἀναπείθω (anapithō). It means 'to persuade again,' 'to win over,' or 'to incite.' In the imperfect tense, it describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, such as 'was persuading' or 'used to persuade.' It implies an attempt or process of convincing someone.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΠΑΡΑΠΕΙΘΩ, ΕΠΕΙΘΟΝ

Etymology: The verb ἀναπείθω (anapithō) is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up,' 'again,' or 'back,' and the verb πείθω (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to convince.'

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G3819

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pa-LAI

Translations: long ago, of old, formerly, anciently

Notes: This word is an adverb of time, meaning 'long ago' or 'of old'. It is used to refer to events or states that occurred in the distant past. It can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, indicating that the action or quality described happened or existed a considerable time before the present.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝΩΘΕΝ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to spread, flat'. In Greek, it developed to refer to something that is 'old' or 'ancient', leading to its use as an adverb for 'long ago'.

G4754, G4921

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: strah-TEV-sah-MEH-non-sys-TAN-tes

Translations: having stood together and made war, having gathered and served as soldiers

Notes: This is a compound word formed from two participles: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΣΑΜΕΝΩΝ (strateusamenōn) and ΣΥΣΤΑΝΤΕΣ (systantes). ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΣΑΜΕΝΩΝ is the aorist middle participle, genitive plural, of the verb στρατεύω (strateuō), meaning 'to make war' or 'to serve as a soldier'. ΣΥΣΤΑΝΤΕΣ is the aorist active participle, nominative plural, masculine, of the verb συνίστημι (synistēmi), meaning 'to stand together', 'to gather', or 'to combine'. The combined word describes a group of people who have gathered together and engaged in military service or warfare.

Inflection: Compound word: First part is Aorist Middle Participle, Genitive Plural, Masculine or Neuter. Second part is Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Plural, Masculine.

G1757

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-NOP-loy

Translations: armed, in arms, armed men, those who are armed

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is equipped with weapons or armor. It refers to individuals who are carrying arms, often in a military or defensive context. It can be used to describe soldiers, guards, or anyone who is prepared for combat.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ἘΝΟΠΛΟΣ, ἘΝΟΠΛΟΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'with', and 'ὅπλον' (hoplon), meaning 'weapon' or 'armor'. Thus, it literally means 'in arms' or 'with weapons'.

G1264

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-MAH-khon-toh

Translations: they contended, they fought, they disputed, they struggled

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and the verb μάχομαι (machomai), meaning 'to fight'. Therefore, it means to fight or contend thoroughly, or to dispute vehemently. It describes an action where multiple people are engaged in a struggle or argument.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΓΩΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΙΖΩ

G0937

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bah-see-lee-KOYS

Translations: royal, kingly, of the king, (to) royal ones, (to) kingly ones, (to) royal things

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'royal' or 'kingly', referring to something that belongs to a king or is characteristic of a king. It can describe people, objects, or concepts associated with royalty. In the provided examples, it modifies 'bibliophylakiois' (archives/treasuries), 'oikonomois' (stewards), and 'thoraxin' (breastplates), indicating that these are 'royal archives', 'royal stewards', and 'royal breastplates'. It is used here in the dative plural case.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ (basileus), meaning 'king'. The suffix -ικός (-ikos) is used to form adjectives indicating 'belonging to' or 'pertaining to'.

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-KHEE-ah-bos

Translations: Achiabos

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely a personal name. It is not a commonly recognized name in standard Koine Greek texts or biblical lexicons. It may be a rare name, a variant spelling, or possibly a transliteration of a name from another language that is not widely documented in Greek sources.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of this specific name in Greek is not readily available. It is likely a transliteration of a foreign name, possibly Hebrew or Aramaic, but its precise origin is obscure.

G2047

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-roo-MNO-tah-tohn

Translations: of the strongest, of the most fortified, of the most secure

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ἐρυμνός' (erymnos), meaning 'strong' or 'fortified'. As a superlative, it means 'strongest' or 'most fortified'. It describes something that is extremely well-protected, secure, or difficult to overcome. In this inflected form, it would typically modify a plural noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, such as 'of the strongest places' or 'of the most fortified things'.

Inflection: Superlative, Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ἸΣΧΥΡΟΤΑΤΩΝ, ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΩΝ, ἈΣΦΑΛΕΣΤΑΤΩΝ

Etymology: From the verb 'ἐρύω' (eryō), meaning 'to draw, pull, or protect'. The adjective 'ἐρυμνός' (erymnos) thus refers to something that is drawn together or protected, hence strong or fortified.

G5561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kho-REE-ohn

Translations: of places, of fields, of lands, of pieces of land, of countries

Notes: This word refers to a specific place, a piece of land, a field, or a region. It can denote a small plot of ground, a larger area, or even a country. In its genitive plural form, as 'ΧΩΡΙΩΝ', it indicates possession or origin related to multiple places or lands.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΟΠΩΝ, ΑΓΡΩΝ, ΓΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'ΧΩΡΙΟΝ' is a diminutive of 'ΧΩΡΟΣ' (choros), meaning 'place, space, region'.

G5295

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: hoo-po-FEV-gohn

Translations: fleeing, escaping, taking refuge, one who flees, one who escapes

Notes: This word is a compound participle formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo, meaning 'under' or 'from under') and the verb φεύγω (pheugō, meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape'). It describes the action of fleeing or escaping, often implying a movement from under something or seeking refuge. It can be used to describe someone who is in the act of fleeing or has fled.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩΝ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩΝ

Etymology: The word ὙΠΟΦΕΥΓΩ is a compound of the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'from under,' and the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape.'

G3588, G1722

Part of Speech: Article, Preposition

Sounds like: TEN EN

Translations: the in, the on, the among

Notes: This word appears to be a typographical error or a garbled combination of two distinct Koine Greek words: 'ΤΗΝ' (tēn), which is the accusative singular feminine form of the definite article 'the', and 'ἘΝ' (en), which is a common preposition meaning 'in', 'on', 'among', or 'by means of'. In proper Koine Greek, these two words would typically be written separately. The combined form 'ΤΗΝἘΝ' is not a recognized word.

Inflection: ΤΗΝ: Singular, Accusative, Feminine; ἘΝ: Does not inflect (preposition)

G4844

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soom-plo-KAYN

Translations: intertwining, a conflict, a struggle, a fight, a combat, an entanglement

Notes: This word refers to an intertwining, a joining together, or an entanglement. In a more abstract sense, it can denote a conflict, a struggle, or a combat, implying a close engagement or confrontation. It describes a situation where elements are closely bound or engaged with each other, whether literally or figuratively.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΑΓΩΝ, ΠΑΛΗ

Etymology: From the verb συμπλέκω (symplékō), meaning 'to intertwine, to entangle, to join in battle', which is formed from σύν (syn, 'with, together') and πλέκω (plékō, 'to plait, to weave, to twine').

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: sep-foh-REI

Translations: Sepphoris

Notes: Sepphoris was a prominent city in Galilee, located in the central Lower Galilee region of ancient Israel. It served as the capital of Galilee for a period and was a significant center of Jewish life and culture during the Roman era. The word refers specifically to this city.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The name Sepphoris is believed to be derived from the Hebrew word 'Tzippori' (צִפּוֹרִי), meaning 'bird' or 'bird-like', possibly referring to the city's location atop a hill, like a bird perched.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2701

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: kah-tah-TREH-khon-tos

Translations: of running down, of running over, of overrunning, of invading, of traversing, of running through

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb meaning 'to run down' or 'to overrun'. It describes an action of moving quickly over an area, often with the implication of invading, traversing, or seizing control. It is used to describe someone or something that is actively engaged in such an action.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΔΡΑΜΟΝΤΟΣ, ΕΠΙΧΩΡΙΑΣΑΝΤΟΣ

G4218

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PO-teh

Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.

G747

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-LAY-stoo

Translations: of a chief robber, of a chief bandit, of a chief brigand, of a chief insurgent

Notes: This is a compound noun, formed from the prefix ἈΡΧΙ- (archi-), meaning 'chief' or 'principal', and ΛΗΣΤΗΣ (lestes), meaning 'robber' or 'bandit'. Therefore, ἈΡΧΙΛΗΣΤΗΣ refers to a 'chief robber' or 'leader of bandits'. It can also refer to a leader of insurgents or rebels, as 'lestes' sometimes carried the connotation of a revolutionary or guerrilla fighter rather than just a common thief. This form, ἈΡΧΙΛΗΣΤΟΥ, is the genitive singular, indicating possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΟΡΥΦΑΙΟΣ ΛΗΣΤΗΣ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ ΛΗΣΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἈΡΧΙΛΗΣΤΗΣ is a compound of ἈΡΧΙ- (archi-), from ἀρχή (archē) meaning 'beginning, rule, authority', and ΛΗΣΤΗΣ (lestes), meaning 'robber, bandit'. The prefix 'archi-' is used to denote a leader or principal figure of a group.

G2532, G5493

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kahee-khee-roh-THEN-tos

Translations: and having been subdued, and having been overcome, and having been mastered

Notes: This is a compound word, formed from the conjunction 'καί' (kai), meaning 'and' or 'also', and the genitive singular masculine/neuter form of the aorist passive participle of 'χειρόω' (cheiroō). The verb 'χειρόω' means 'to subdue, overcome, master, or bring under control'. Therefore, 'ΚΑΙΧΕΙΡΩΘΕΝΤΟΣ' means 'and having been subdued' or 'and having been overcome'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, with the subject of the participle being the one who was subdued.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΥΠΟΤΑΣΣΩ, ΝΙΚΑΩ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: OOF

Translations: under, by, with, from, at the hand of, by means of, through

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'by'. The final vowel of 'ΥΠΟ' is dropped when the following word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. It indicates a position beneath something, or agency (by means of someone/something), or cause. It can also denote the instrument or agent by which something is done. It is a very common preposition in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect; governs the genitive and accusative cases.

Etymology: The word 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'under'. It is related to English words like 'hypodermic' and 'hypothermia'.

G4921

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: soo-STAY-sas

Translations: having established, having commended, having presented, having stood together, having formed, having constituted

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning it describes an action completed in the past by the subject. It comes from the verb 'συνίστημι' (synistēmi), which means to stand together, to combine, to establish, to commend, or to present. Depending on the context, it can refer to the act of bringing things or people together, setting something up, or vouching for someone.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΠΑΡΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word 'συνίστημι' (synistēmi) is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb 'ἵστημι' (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand.' Thus, its core meaning relates to standing or bringing things together.

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G3695

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: op-LI-sas-toys

Translations: (to) those who armed themselves, (to) those having armed themselves

Notes: This word is a dative plural aorist active participle derived from the verb 'hoplizō', meaning 'to arm' or 'to equip'. It describes a group of people who have performed the action of arming themselves, and the dative case indicates that they are the indirect object or recipient of an action, or the means by which something is done. It would be used in a sentence to refer to 'to those who had armed themselves' or 'for those who had armed themselves'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΠΛΙΖΩ, ΚΑΘΟΠΛΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word 'hoplizō' comes from the Greek word 'hoplon' (ὅπλον), meaning 'tool, implement, weapon, armor'. It refers to the act of equipping oneself with such items.

G2206

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ZAY-loo-sin

Translations: they are zealous, they envy, they desire, they covet, they are jealous

Notes: This word describes the action of being zealous, fervent, or earnestly desiring something. It can also carry the negative connotation of being envious or jealous of someone or something. It is used to express strong feelings, either positive (e.g., zealous for good works) or negative (e.g., envying others' possessions).

Inflection: Third-person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΘΥΜΟΥΣΙΝ, ΦΘΟΝΟΥΣΙΝ

Etymology: The word ΖΗΛΟΩ (zēloō) comes from the noun ζῆλος (zēlos), which means 'zeal, ardor, jealousy, envy'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G0937

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bah-see-lee-KOHN

Translations: of royal things, of royal possessions, of the king's possessions, of the royal treasury, of the king's property

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'βασιλικός', meaning 'royal' or 'belonging to a king'. It describes something as pertaining to a king, a kingdom, or royalty. In this inflected form, it typically refers to things that are royal or belong to the king, such as royal property, royal funds, or royal family members, often implying possession or origin.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΑΣ

Etymology: The word 'βασιλικός' (basilikos) is derived from 'βασιλεύς' (basileus), meaning 'king'. It refers to anything pertaining to a king or kingdom.

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-POY-thohss

Translations: having trusted, trusting, confident, having been persuaded, persuaded

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having trusted' or 'being confident'. It describes someone who has placed their trust or confidence in something or someone, and as a result, is in a state of being persuaded or confident. It is often used to describe a settled state of conviction or reliance.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩΝ, ΘΑΡΡΩΝ, ΕΛΠΙΖΩΝ

G1438, G1238

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Noun

Sounds like: eh-af-TOH-dee-AH-dee-mah

Translations: to himself a diadem, to himself a crown, to himself the diadem, to himself the crown

Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of the dative singular reflexive pronoun 'εαυτώ' (heautō), meaning 'to himself', and the noun 'διάδημα' (diadēma), meaning 'diadem' or 'crown'. It describes the act of someone placing a diadem or crown upon themselves. The phrase functions as the indirect object (to himself) and direct object (a diadem) of a verb.

Inflection: ΕΑΥΤΩ: Singular, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter; ΔΙΑΔΗΜΑ: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

G4023

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-EE-ohn

Translations: going around, wandering about, going about, a going around, a wandering about

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'going around' or 'wandering about'. It describes an action of moving in a circular path or from place to place. It is a compound word formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and a form of the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It can be used to describe someone who is moving from one place to another, often without a specific destination, or circulating within an area.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΑΩ, ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ

Etymology: The word περιέρχομαι (perierchomai) is a compound of the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: meth

Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with

Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G4442

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PY-ros

Translations: of fire, fire, a fire

Notes: This word refers to fire, a fundamental element. It can be used literally to describe a burning flame or figuratively to represent judgment, purification, or divine presence. As a noun, it functions as the subject or object in a sentence, or in this genitive form, it indicates possession or origin.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΛΟΞ, ΚΑΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'πῦρ' (pyr) comes from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂wr̥, meaning 'fire'. It is a very ancient word found across many Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G4201

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: po-RI-zo-me-nos

Translations: providing, procuring, gaining, obtaining, acquiring, getting, furnishing, supplying

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'πορίζω'. It describes someone who is in the process of providing, procuring, or gaining something for themselves or for others. It can be used to describe the act of obtaining resources, supplies, or even advantages. For example, one might be 'providing' food, 'procuring' funds, or 'gaining' knowledge.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΤΑΟΜΑΙ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G2158

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-PREH-peh

Translations: beautiful, comely, becoming, proper, fitting, seemly

Notes: This word describes something that is beautiful, comely, or fitting. It can refer to physical attractiveness or to something that is appropriate and suitable for a particular situation or person. It is used to describe things that are pleasing to the eye or that align with what is proper.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative/Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΩΡΑΙΟΣ, ΠΡΕΠΩΝ

Etymology: The word Εὐπρεπής (euprépēs) is a compound word formed from the Greek prefix εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and πρέπω (prépō), meaning 'to be fitting' or 'to be becoming'. Thus, it literally means 'well-fitting' or 'well-becoming'.

G2618

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-FLEK-sas

Translations: having burned down, having consumed by fire, having scorched

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb 'καταφλέγω', meaning 'to burn down' or 'to consume by fire'. As a participle, it describes an action completed in the past, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially to modify a noun or verb, indicating that someone or something has performed the action of burning completely.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΗΣΑΣ, ΚΑΤΑΚΑΥΣΑΣ

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G2232

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hay-geh-MOHN

Translations: ruler, a ruler, governor, a governor, leader, a leader, chief, a chief, commander, a commander, prince, a prince

Notes: This word refers to a leader, ruler, or governor. It can denote someone in a position of authority, such as a provincial governor appointed by a higher power, or a general leading an army. It can also refer to someone who guides or leads in a more general sense, like a chief or a guide.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. The suffix -μων (-mōn) indicates an agent or instrument, thus 'one who leads'.

G5140

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: trah-khoh-NEE-tahs

Translations: Trachonite, a Trachonite, of Trachonitis, a person from Trachonitis

Notes: This word refers to someone or something from Trachonitis, a rocky region in ancient Syria, east of the Jordan River. It can be used as an adjective to describe something belonging to or related to Trachonitis, or as a noun to refer to an inhabitant of that region. In the provided examples, it refers to 'Trachonite archers' or 'the Trachonites' as a people.

Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Etymology: The word is derived from Τραχών (Trachon), the name of a rocky region, with the suffix -ιτης (-ites) indicating origin or inhabitant.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: mah-khee-MOH-tah-ton

Translations: most warlike, most valiant, most fit for battle, the most warlike, the most valiant, the most fit for battle

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the superlative adjective 'μάχιμος' (machimos), meaning 'warlike' or 'fit for battle'. As a superlative, it indicates the highest degree of this quality, thus 'most warlike' or 'most valiant'. It can be used to describe a person, group, or thing that is exceptionally skilled or inclined towards combat. In the provided context, it refers to 'the most warlike' (people or contingent).

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Superlative

Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΙΜΟΣ is derived from the Koine Greek noun ΜΑΧΗ (machē), meaning 'battle' or 'fight', and the verb ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ (machomai), meaning 'to fight'. The suffix -ιμος indicates suitability or capability, hence 'fit for battle'.

G4575

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: seh-bas-tay-NOHN

Translations: of the Augustans, of the Sebastians, of the Imperial soldiers

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'Σεβαστηνοί' (Sebastenoi), which refers to people associated with 'Σεβαστός' (Sebastos), meaning 'Augustus' or 'imperial'. In a military context, it often denotes 'Augustan soldiers' or 'imperial troops'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'of the Augustans' or 'belonging to the imperial forces'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΥΓΟΥΣΤΩΝ, ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'Σεβαστός' (Sebastos) is derived from the Greek verb 'σέβομαι' (sebomai), meaning 'to revere' or 'to worship'. It was used as the Greek equivalent of the Latin title 'Augustus', which was bestowed upon the Roman emperors, signifying 'revered' or 'venerable'.

G0353

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-nah-lah-BOHN

Translations: taking up, having taken up, receiving, assuming, picking up, restoring

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb ἀναλαμβάνω. It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana, meaning 'up' or 'again') and λαμβάνω (lambanō, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). It generally means to take up, pick up, or receive something, often implying an action of lifting or resuming. It can also mean to assume a role or to restore something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΡΩ

G0435

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AN-dra

Translations: man, a man, husband, a husband

Notes: This word refers to a male human being, often specifically an adult male, or a husband. It is the accusative singular form of the noun 'ἈΝΗΡ' (anēr), meaning 'man' or 'husband'. It is used when the man or husband is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ

Etymology: The word 'ἈΝΗΡ' (anēr) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to a male human being.

G4008

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: peh-RAI-ohn

Translations: of those on the other side, of those from beyond, of the people from beyond

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'περαῖος' (peraios), meaning 'on the other side' or 'from beyond'. When used as a noun, it refers to 'those on the other side' or 'the people from beyond'. It is typically used to describe inhabitants or groups of people located across a geographical boundary, such as a river or sea.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΩΝ, ΑΛΛΟΤΡΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'περαῖος' (peraios) is derived from the adverb 'πέραν' (peran), meaning 'beyond' or 'on the other side'. It describes something or someone situated across a boundary.

G4753

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: SYKH-noy

Translations: many, numerous, frequent

Notes: This word describes a quantity or frequency, meaning 'many' or 'frequent'. It is used to indicate a large number of things or people, or something that happens often. For example, it could be used to say 'many people' or 'frequent visits'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΧΝΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to the concept of 'holding together' or 'being close', leading to the meaning of 'frequent' or 'numerous'.

G1311

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ef-THA-ree-san

Translations: they were corrupted, they were destroyed, they perished, they were ruined

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'completely,' and the verb φθείρω (phtheiro), meaning 'to corrupt' or 'to destroy.' Together, it means to utterly corrupt, destroy, or ruin. In the passive voice, as seen here, it indicates that the subjects were corrupted, destroyed, or perished.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΟΛΕΘΡΕΥΩ, ΚΑΤΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G3163

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MA-khee

Translations: battle, fight, conflict, a battle, a fight, a conflict

Notes: This word refers to a physical combat or a struggle, often involving a clash of opposing forces. It can describe a literal battle or a more general conflict or dispute. It is used to denote an engagement between individuals or groups.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ, ΕΡΙΣ, ΑΓΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΗ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *magh-, meaning 'to be able, to have power, to fight'. It is related to words signifying strength or combat.

G0846, G0329, G5343

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: ow-toh-nah-nah-FEY-gon-tah

Translations: himself fleeing, fleeing by himself, self-fleeing, escaping by himself

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ' (autos), meaning 'self' or 'himself', and the present active participle of 'ἈΝΑΦΕΥΓΩ' (anapheugō), meaning 'to flee up' or 'to escape'. The combined meaning refers to someone who is fleeing or escaping on their own, or by themselves. It describes an action performed by the subject without external assistance or compulsion.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3717

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: OR-thee-oo

Translations: of upright, of steep, of straight, of direct

Notes: This word is an adjective that describes something as being upright, steep, or straight. It can refer to a physical incline, a direct path, or even a moral quality of being upright or righteous. It is used to modify a noun, indicating that the noun possesses the quality of being steep, straight, or upright.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΣ, ΟΡΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΡΘΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word ὀρθός (orthos), meaning 'straight' or 'upright'. It is related to the concept of being erect or correct.

G5293

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-po-TEM-ne-tai

Translations: is cut off, is intercepted, is cut short, is curtailed

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'by', and the verb 'τέμνω' (temnō), meaning 'to cut'. In its passive form, it means to be cut off, intercepted, or cut short. It describes an action where something is stopped or reduced by an external force, often implying a sudden or decisive interruption.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΟΠΤΩ, ΑΠΟΚΟΠΤΩ, ΣΥΝΤΕΜΝΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ὑποτέμνω' (hypotemnō) is derived from the prefix 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'from under', and the verb 'τέμνω' (temnō), meaning 'to cut'. The combination signifies cutting from underneath or cutting short.

G5343

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: FEY-gon-tos

Translations: fleeing, running away, escaping, of one fleeing, of one running away, of one escaping

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'fleeing' or 'running away'. It describes someone who is in the act of escaping or taking flight. It is often used to describe a person or group in motion, avoiding danger or pursuit. As a genitive singular form, it typically functions to show possession or relationship, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to' the one who is fleeing.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Genitive, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ, ΔΙΩΚΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G4141

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: PLEX-as

Translations: having struck, striking, smiting, having smitten, hitting, having hit

Notes: ΠΛΗΞΑΣ is an aorist active participle derived from the verb πλήσσω (plēssō), meaning 'to strike' or 'to smite'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred relative to the main verb of the sentence. It indicates the subject has performed the action of striking or hitting.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΥΠΤΩ, ΠΑΤΑΣΣΩ, ΚΟΠΤΩ

Etymology: The verb πλήσσω (plēssō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₂g- meaning 'to strike'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also denote striking or hitting.

G0660

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-per-RAX-eh

Translations: he broke off, he tore off, he burst, he shattered

Notes: This is a verb in the third person singular, aorist active indicative form. It means 'he/she/it broke off', 'tore off', 'burst', or 'shattered'. It describes a sudden and forceful separation or breaking apart of something. It can be used to describe breaking chains, tearing clothes, or a sudden bursting forth.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΔΙΑΡΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΣΥΝΤΡΙΒΩ

Etymology: The word ἀπορρήγνυμι is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo-), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ῥήγνυμι (rhēgnymi), meaning 'to break' or 'to tear'.

G2618

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-FLEH-gee

Translations: was burned down, was consumed by fire, was utterly burned

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely', and the verb φλέγω (phlegō), meaning 'to burn'. Thus, it means 'to burn down completely' or 'to consume by fire'. In this form, it describes an action that happened in the past, where the subject was the recipient of the burning action.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΙΠΡΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΚΑΙΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΦΛΕΓΩ is a compound of the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely', and the verb ΦΛΕΓΩ (phlegō), meaning 'to burn'. ΦΛΕΓΩ itself comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to burn, glow'.

G4139

Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-see-on

Translations: near, nearby, neighbor, a neighbor, one's neighbor

Notes: This word primarily functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'nearby', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used substantively as a noun, typically in the neuter singular, to refer to 'one's neighbor' or 'the person next to you'. When used as a noun, it often refers to a fellow human being, emphasizing a relationship of proximity or community.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); Neuter, Singular (when used substantively as a noun)

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

G0932

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ah

Translations: kingdom, reign, royal power, a kingdom

Notes: This word refers to a kingdom, royal rule, or sovereignty. It can denote the territory ruled by a king, the act of reigning, or the abstract concept of kingship or royal authority. It is often used in the New Testament to refer to the 'kingdom of God' or 'kingdom of heaven'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word βασιλεύς (basileus), meaning 'king'. It refers to the domain or authority of a king.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: beh-tha-ra-MI-nen-tha

Translations: Betharamphtha, Beth-haram

Notes: This word is a proper noun, likely a place name, specifically referring to a town in Perea, east of the Jordan River. It is a transliteration of a Semitic name, possibly Hebrew or Aramaic. In historical contexts, it is often identified with the biblical Beth-haram or later called Livias or Julias. It functions as a singular noun, referring to a specific location.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is a transliteration of a Semitic place name, likely Hebrew or Aramaic, meaning 'house of the high place' or 'house of the ram'. It appears in historical texts, often identified with the biblical Beth-haram.

G4921

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soo-STAHN-tohn

Translations: having stood together, having been formed, having been constituted, having been composed, having been established, having been commended, having been introduced, having been presented, having been proved, having been shown, having been gathered, having been brought together

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'συνίστημι' (synistēmi), which means to stand together, to bring together, to constitute, to form, or to commend. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred and functions adjectivally or nominally. In the provided context, it likely refers to men who have 'stood together' or 'banded together' in a group, possibly for a common purpose or against someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΛΘΟΝΤΩΝ, ΣΥΝΗΘΡΟΙΣΜΕΝΩΝ, ΣΥΝΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'συνίστημι' (synistēmi) is a compound word formed from the preposition 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb 'ἵστημι' (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. Thus, it literally means 'to stand together' or 'to place together'.

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-teh-ROHN

Translations: of others, of other things, of different ones

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'heteros', meaning 'other' or 'another'. It often implies a difference in kind or quality, distinguishing it from 'allos' which means 'another of the same kind'. It is used to refer to things or people that are distinct or different from those previously mentioned or understood.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΩΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the Latin word 'alter' (other, another).

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G4166

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: poy-MAYN

Translations: shepherd, a shepherd, pastor, a pastor

Notes: This word refers to a person who tends, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep, goats, or other livestock. Figuratively, it can also refer to a leader or guide, especially in a spiritual sense, like a pastor or overseer of a congregation. It is used to describe someone who cares for and protects others.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΙΠΟΙΜΗΝ, ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΣ

Etymology: From an assumed primary verb ποιμάω (poimaō), meaning 'to shepherd'. It is related to the concept of feeding and tending.

G483

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-tee-poy-ay-THEE-nay

Translations: to claim, to lay claim to, to contend for, to strive for

Notes: This is an aorist passive infinitive form of the verb ἀντιποιέω. It is a compound word formed from ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'in return for', and ποιέω (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. The verb generally means to claim something for oneself, to contend for a right or possession, or to strive to obtain something. It implies an act of asserting a claim or taking possession.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΞΙΟΩ, ΔΙΕΚΔΙΚΕΩ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ἀντιποιέω is formed from the preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'in return for', and the verb ποιέω (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'.

G5111

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-TOL-may-sen

Translations: he dared, she dared, it dared, he ventured, she ventured, it ventured

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to dare' or 'to venture'. It describes an action where someone takes a bold or risky step, often implying courage or audacity. It is used to indicate that a person or entity had the courage or presumption to do something.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΘΑΡΡΕΩ, ΤΟΛΜΗ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΛΜΑΩ comes from the noun ΤΟΛΜΑ (tolma), meaning 'daring' or 'boldness'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but it is an ancient Greek term.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KAH-lay-toh

Translations: was called, used to be called, he was called, she was called, it was called

Notes: This is the third person singular, imperfect indicative form of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. In this form, it translates to 'was called' or 'used to be called', indicating an action that was ongoing or habitual in the past. It can be used to describe someone or something being named or referred to by a particular title.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Passive or Middle Voice

Etymology: The word 'καλέω' (kaleō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁-, meaning 'to shout, to call'. It is related to Latin calo ('to call out') and English 'hail'.

G4248

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: prook-seh-NEH-ee

Translations: to procure, to cause, to bring about, to occasion, to be a public host, to be a patron

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to procure, cause, or bring about something. It can also mean to act as a public host or patron. It describes the action of facilitating or being responsible for an outcome, or providing hospitality and protection.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΦΕΡΩ

Etymology: From the noun ΠΡΟΞΕΝΟΣ (proxenos), meaning 'public host' or 'ambassador', which is a compound of ΠΡΟ (pro, 'before, for') and ΞΕΝΟΣ (xenos, 'stranger, guest'). The verb means to act as a proxenos, hence to procure or cause.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G2479, G2532

Part of Speech: Noun, Conjunction

Sounds like: IS-khoos-KAI

Translations: strength and, power and, might and

Notes: This word appears to be a compound of the noun 'ἸΣΧΥΣ' (ischys), meaning 'strength' or 'power', and the conjunction 'ΚΑΙ' (kai), meaning 'and'. It is highly probable that 'ἸΣΧΥΣΚΑΙ' is a misspelling or a typographical error for 'ἸΣΧΥΣ ΚΑΙ' (ischys kai), meaning 'strength and'. In ancient Greek, these two words would typically be written separately. If it were a single word, it would be very unusual and likely a unique formation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative (for ἸΣΧΥΣ); Does not inflect (for ΚΑΙ)

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ

G5590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Ps-oo-KHEE

Translations: soul, life, mind, heart, a soul, a life

Notes: This word refers to the soul, the animating principle of a human or animal, often considered the seat of emotions, desires, and affections. It can also denote life itself, the individual person, or the mind/inner self. It is used in various contexts to refer to the breath of life, the spiritual part of a human being, or simply one's existence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ψύχω (psychō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the concept of breath as the essence of life.

G2706

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-froh-NOO-sah

Translations: despising, scorning, looking down on, disdaining

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'despising' or 'looking down on'. It describes an action of contempt or disregard for someone or something. It is often used to indicate a state of mind where one considers something to be of little value or importance, or to treat it with disdain. For example, one might be 'despising' wealth or 'scorning' danger.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡΟΡΑΩ, ΟΛΙΓΩΡΕΩ

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G5260

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: hoo-po-ZEV-xahs

Translations: having yoked under, having subjected, having harnessed, having put under the yoke

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ὑποζεύγνυμι (hypozeugnymi), meaning 'to yoke under' or 'to subject'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under', and the verb ζεύγνυμι (zeugnymi), meaning 'to yoke' or 'to join'. As a participle, it describes an action completed in the past by the subject, functioning like an adjective or adverb to modify a noun or verb. It implies the act of bringing something under control or into service, often literally by means of a yoke, or figuratively by subjection.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΤΑΞΑΣ, ΔΟΥΛΩΣΑΣ, ΖΕΥΞΑΣ

Etymology: The verb ὑποζεύγνυμι (hypozeugnymi) is formed from the prefix ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under', and the verb ζεύγνυμι (zeugnymi), meaning 'to yoke' or 'to join'. The root ζεύγνυμι comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to join' or 'to yoke'.

G1752

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-NOP-lon

Translations: armed, in arms, an armed person, an armed force

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is equipped with weapons or in a state of readiness for combat. It is an adjective that can modify a noun, indicating that the noun is armed. For example, it could refer to an armed soldier or an armed group.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΝΟΠΛΟΣ, ΕΝΟΠΛΟΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΕΝ (en), meaning 'in', and ΟΠΛΟΝ (hoplon), meaning 'weapon' or 'armor'. Thus, it literally means 'in arms' or 'with weapons'.

G5618

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G4755, G5530

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: strah-tay-GOYS EKH-ray-toh

Translations: to use generals, he used generals, he employed generals, he was using generals

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by concatenating two words: στρατηγοῖς (stratēgois), the dative plural of στρατηγός (stratēgos), meaning 'generals' or 'commanders', and ἐχρῆτο (echrēto), the third person singular imperfect middle/passive indicative of χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'. The combined phrase means 'he was using generals' or 'he employed generals'. It describes someone utilizing military commanders.

Inflection: ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΙΣ: Plural, Dative, Masculine; ἘΧΡΗΤΟ: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Middle/Passive, Indicative

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tah-DROH-mas

Translations: incursion, raid, attack, a raid, an attack

Notes: This word refers to a hostile running down, an incursion, or a raid. It describes a swift and often aggressive movement into enemy territory or against an opponent, typically for the purpose of plunder or destruction. It is a compound word formed from κατά (down, against) and δρόμος (a running, course).

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΔΡΟΜΗ, ΕΦΟΔΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΒΟΛΗ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΔΡΟΜΗ is derived from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and δρόμος (dromos), meaning 'a running' or 'course'. It literally means 'a running down' or 'a running against'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G2509

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: ka-THA-per

Translations: just as, even as, as, according as

Notes: This word is a compound adverb and conjunction meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done in the same way or to the same extent as something else. It functions similarly to 'like' or 'as' in English, setting up a parallel between two actions or states.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΟ

Etymology: ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down, according to', and the particle ΠΕΡ (per), which emphasizes the preceding word. It literally means 'down just as' or 'exactly according to'.

G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G4586

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: sem-no-TEH-ron

Translations: of more venerable, of more serious, of more honorable, of more reverent

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the comparative adjective 'σεμνότερος', meaning 'more venerable' or 'more serious'. It describes something that is of a higher degree of dignity, reverence, or seriousness compared to something else. It is used to modify plural nouns in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship.

Inflection: Comparative, Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΙΜΟΤΕΡΩΝ, ΣΕΒΑΣΜΙΩΤΕΡΩΝ

G0680

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: HEEP-teh-toh

Translations: was touching, used to touch, was taking hold of, was clinging to

Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative middle/passive third person singular form of the verb ἅπτομαι (haptomai). It describes an action of touching, taking hold of, or clinging to something that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It often takes a genitive object, meaning 'to touch something' or 'to take hold of something'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΦΑΠΤΟΜΑΙ, ΨΗΛΑΦΑΩ

Etymology: The verb ἅπτομαι (haptomai) is derived from the root ἅπτω (hapto), meaning 'to fasten, to light, to kindle'. In the middle voice, it takes on the meaning of 'to attach oneself to, to touch'.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOH

Translations: (to) himself, (for) himself, (to) herself, (for) herself, (to) itself, (for) itself, (to) themselves, (for) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the clause. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the subject itself. It can be used for singular or plural subjects, and its specific meaning (himself, herself, itself, themselves) depends on the gender and number of the subject it refers to. In this dative form, it often conveys the sense of 'to' or 'for' the subject.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G1238

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-AH-day-mah

Translations: diadem, a diadem, crown, a crown

Notes: A diadem is a type of crown, specifically a headband or fillet worn as a symbol of royalty or authority. It signifies sovereign power and is typically worn by kings, queens, or other rulers. It is often used in contexts describing the investiture or display of royal authority.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek διάδημα (diádēma), from διαδέω (diadéō, “to bind around”), from διά (diá, “through, across”) + δέω (déō, “to bind”). It refers to something bound around the head.

G1265

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-MEH-nen

Translations: remained, continued, abode, endured, persisted

Notes: This word means to remain, continue, or abide. It implies persistence or endurance over a period of time. It can be used to describe someone or something staying in a particular state, place, or condition.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΕΜΜΕΝΩ

Etymology: From διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'throughout', and μένω (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. The compound verb thus signifies remaining or continuing through a period or process.

G5306

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: HOO-steh-ron

Translations: later, afterward, last, finally, the latter, the end, a later time, the later

Notes: This word indicates a point in time that comes after another, or something that is last in a sequence. It can function as an adverb meaning 'later' or 'afterward', or as an adjective/noun meaning 'the last' or 'the latter part'. It is often used to refer to a subsequent event or a final outcome.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (when functioning as a noun/adjective), Adverbial

Synonyms: ΟΨΕ, ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΤΕΛΟΣ

Etymology: From the comparative form of the adverb 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'below', indicating a position or time that is subsequent or inferior.

G3641

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: o-LI-gon

Translations: little, a little, few, a few, small, a small amount, short, a short time, briefly

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'little' or 'few', or as an adverb meaning 'a little' or 'briefly'. As an adjective, it describes a small quantity or number of something. As an adverb, it indicates a small degree or duration of an action. It is often used to denote scarcity or brevity.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΙΚΡΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ

Etymology: The word ὈΛΙΓΟΣ (oligos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to words meaning 'small' or 'scanty'.

G5561, G2602

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kho-ran-ka-ta-TRE-khon

Translations: running through the land, traversing the country, overrunning the region

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the noun 'χώρα' (land, country) and the participle 'κατατρέχων' (running down, running through). It describes someone or something that is actively moving through or over a geographical area, often implying a rapid or extensive movement, such as overrunning or traversing a region. It functions as a descriptive adjective or adverbial phrase in a sentence.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΤΡΕΧΩΝ, ΠΕΡΙΤΡΕΧΩΝ

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FOYS

Translations: to brothers, to brethren, to fellow countrymen, to fellow believers

Notes: This word refers to brothers, both literal siblings and, more broadly, fellow members of a community, nation, or faith. It is often used in a figurative sense to denote close associates or fellow believers, emphasizing a bond of kinship or shared identity. In this dative plural form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to or for brothers/brethren'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΕΚΝΟΙΣ, ΟΜΟΓΕΝΕΣΙΝ

G2892

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KTEI-neen

Translations: to kill, to slay, to murder

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'κτείνω' (kteinō), meaning 'to kill' or 'to slay'. It describes the action of causing death to someone or something. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to kill' and can be used as a noun (e.g., 'the act of killing') or to complete the meaning of another verb (e.g., 'he wanted to kill').

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to strike, to kill'. It is related to other Greek words involving striking or cutting.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G4254

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: proh-ay-goo-MEH-non

Translations: preceding, leading, going before, foremost, principal, a preceding thing, the leader

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the present active participle of the verb 'προηγέομαι' (proēgeomai), meaning 'to go before', 'to lead', or 'to precede'. As a participle, it describes something that is currently leading or going before. It can function as an adjective, meaning 'preceding' or 'foremost', or as a noun, referring to 'that which precedes' or 'the leader'. It is often used to indicate something that is primary in importance or sequence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ

G0937

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bah-see-lee-KOOS

Translations: royal, kingly, of the king, imperial

Notes: This word describes something belonging to a king, characteristic of a king, or pertaining to a kingdom. It is used to indicate a connection to royalty or the monarchy. For example, it can refer to royal property, royal officials, or royal decrees. In the provided context, it appears to be used substantively, referring to 'royal ones' or 'royal people/things'.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΟΣ (basilikos) is derived from the noun ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ (basileus), meaning 'king'. It signifies 'of a king' or 'royal'.

G1333

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-FEW-gen

Translations: escape, flee through, get away

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee'. Together, it means 'to flee through', 'to escape', or 'to get away'. It describes the action of successfully evading capture or danger by fleeing.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΦΕΥΓΩ, ΕΚΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: The word διαφεύγω (diapheugō) is formed from the prefix διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee'. The root φεύγω comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to flee' or 'to disappear'.

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G5342

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: FEH-rohn

Translations: bearing, carrying, bringing, enduring, leading, one who bears, one who carries, one who brings

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ΦΕΡΩ' (phero). It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. It can mean 'bearing,' 'carrying,' 'bringing,' 'enduring,' or 'leading.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or like an adverb, describing how an action is performed. For example, it can describe 'the one who is carrying' or 'while carrying.'

Inflection: Singular, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

G2771

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KER-dos

Translations: gain, profit, advantage, a gain, a profit, an advantage

Notes: This word refers to gain, profit, or advantage, often in a material or financial sense, but can also refer to any kind of benefit or advantage. It is typically used to describe something acquired or achieved that is beneficial.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΦΕΛΟΣ, ΠΛΕΟΝΕΚΤΗΜΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kerdʰ- (to gain, profit). It is related to Latin 'cardō' (hinge, pivot, hence 'main point, chief consideration') and Sanskrit 'śardha' (herd, troop, company).

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: po-te-ROH-ma-ee-OHN

Translations: (of) a wound, (of) wounds, (of) a lesion, (of) lesions

Notes: This word is a noun in the genitive plural form. It refers to wounds or lesions. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin, such as 'of wounds' or 'belonging to wounds'. It is a compound word, likely derived from 'πότερος' (which of two) and 'ῥῶμα' (strength, or perhaps related to 'ῥήγνυμι' meaning to break, hence a break/wound). However, the exact etymology and common usage of this specific compound are not clearly attested in standard Koine Greek lexicons, suggesting it might be a rare or specialized term, or potentially a scribal variation or error.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter

G0001

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-THROON

Translations: all together, in a mass, in a crowd, in a body, a crowd, a mass

Notes: This word describes something that is gathered or collected into a single mass or group. It emphasizes the idea of unity or totality within a collection. It is often used to describe people or things that are assembled or brought together.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΕΣ, ΟΛΟΙ, ΣΥΝΗΘΡΟΙΣΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: From the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'very', and θρόος (throos), meaning 'noise' or 'clamor', suggesting a 'noisy crowd' or 'a gathering with sound'.

G4023

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-SKHAYN

Translations: to surround, to contain, to encompass, to hold fast, to seize, to prevail, to excel, to be superior

Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'periechō'. It generally means to surround, contain, or hold something. It can also imply seizing or prevailing over something, or excelling in a particular area. It is used to describe an action that is completed or viewed as a whole, without reference to its duration.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word 'periechō' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'peri' (around, about) and the verb 'echō' (to have, to hold).

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G3778, G2532

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: OO-toy KAI

Translations: these and, these also, these even

Notes: This appears to be a compound or a close juxtaposition of two separate words: ΟΥΤΟΙ (outoi), meaning 'these' (masculine plural nominative), and ΚΑΙ (kai), meaning 'and', 'also', or 'even'. It is not a standard single word in Koine Greek. It likely means 'these and' or 'these also', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned, followed by an additional item or action. The example usage 'ΣΙΤΑ Δ' ΟΥΤΟΙΚΑΙ ΟΠΛΑ' suggests 'food and also weapons', implying that 'ΟΥΤΟΙ' might be a misreading or a very close placement of 'ΟΥΤΩ' (thus, so) or simply 'ΟΥΤΟΙ' referring to something else, or it's a typo for 'ΟΥΤΩ ΚΑΙ' (thus also). Given the context, it's most likely a close juxtaposition of 'ΟΥΤΟΙ' and 'ΚΑΙ', or a misspelling/typo for 'ΟΥΤΩ ΚΑΙ' (thus also) or 'ΟΥΤΟΙ ΚΑΙ' (these and).

Inflection: ΟΥΤΟΙ: Plural, Nominative, Masculine; ΚΑΙ: Does not inflect

G3696

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OP-lah

Translations: arms, weapons, armor, hoofs

Notes: This word is a plural noun that can refer to military equipment such as arms, weapons, or armor. It can also refer to the hoofs of an animal. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΠΛΙΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΝΥΞ

Etymology: The word ὅπλον (hoplon) is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sep-, meaning 'to handle, to grasp'. It originally referred to any tool or implement, and later specialized to mean 'weapon' or 'armor'.

G1264

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-KO-mee-zon

Translations: they were carrying through, they were conveying, they were transporting

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb κομίζω (komizo), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bring'. Therefore, διεκομίζον means 'they were carrying through' or 'they were conveying across'. It describes an action of transporting something from one place to another, often implying a journey or passage.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΜΕΤΑΦΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word διακομίζω (diakomizo) is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and κομίζω (komizo), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bring'. The root κομίζω comes from κομέω (komeo), meaning 'to take care of' or 'to attend to'.

G0846, G0693

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TON-ah-REH-ee-on

Translations: their warlike, their martial, their brave

Notes: This appears to be a compound word, or possibly a garbled or misspelled text combining two distinct words: ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ (autōn), meaning 'of them' or 'their', and ἈΡΕΙΟΝ (areion), meaning 'warlike' or 'martial'. If intended as a single word, it would describe something as 'their warlike' or 'their martial' in a neuter singular sense. It is highly probable that this is a transcription error or a unique compound not commonly found in Koine Greek texts.

Inflection: Genitive Plural (ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ), Neuter Singular Nominative or Accusative (ἈΡΕΙΟΝ)

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2793

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kin-dy-NEV-on-tes

Translations: endangering, risking, being in danger, venturing, hazarding, undergoing danger

Notes: This word describes someone who is in danger, at risk, or is actively taking a risk or venturing into a dangerous situation. It implies being exposed to peril or hazard. It is often used to describe individuals or groups facing imminent threat or undertaking a perilous task.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΩ, ΠΕΡΙΠΙΠΤΩ, ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΩ

G3958

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-THAYN

Translations: to suffer, to experience, to undergo, to endure

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'πάσχω' (paschō). It means 'to suffer,' 'to experience,' 'to undergo,' or 'to endure.' It is used to express the action of experiencing something, often something difficult or painful, but it can also refer to experiencing something generally. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to suffer' or 'to experience' and can be used as the object of another verb or to express purpose.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ

G4575, G1947

Part of Speech: Compound Word (Adjective/Noun, Participle)

Sounds like: seh-bas-tee-NOIS-eh-pee-boh-ay-THEH-san-tos

Translations: to the Augustans who helped, to the Sebastenes who came to aid, of the one who helped the Augustans, of the one who helped the Sebastenes

Notes: This is a compound word formed by combining 'Σεβαστηνοῖς' (Sebastēnois) and 'ἐπιβοηθήσαντος' (epiboēthēsantos). 'Σεβαστηνοῖς' is the dative plural of 'Σεβαστηνός', referring to people from Sebaste or those associated with Augustus (the Augustans). 'ἐπιβοηθήσαντος' is the genitive singular masculine/neuter aorist active participle of 'ἐπιβοηθέω', meaning 'to come to aid' or 'to help'. Therefore, the compound word describes the action of someone who helped or came to the aid of the Augustans or Sebastenes. It could be translated as 'to the Augustans who helped' or 'of the one who helped the Augustans', depending on the grammatical context.

Inflection: Compound: 'Σεβαστηνοῖς' is Dative, Plural, Masculine/Feminine. 'ἐπιβοηθήσαντος' is Genitive, Singular, Masculine/Neuter, Aorist Active Participle.

G1628

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-EF-oo-gon

Translations: escaped, fled, got away

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ἐκ' (out of, from) and 'φεύγω' (to flee, escape). It means to escape, flee out of, or get away from something or someone. It is typically used to describe a successful evasion or flight from danger, pursuit, or an undesirable situation.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Plural or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΦΕΥΓΩ, ΔΙΑΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΦΕΥΓΩ is a compound of the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape'. It has been in use since ancient Greek times.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

G2040

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ep-ee-KHO-ree-oos

Translations: native, local, a native, a local, indigenous, belonging to the country

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is native to a particular place or country, or belonging to the local area. It is used to refer to people, customs, or things that are indigenous or characteristic of a specific region. In the provided examples, it refers to 'native Mysians' and 'local deities' or 'local forces'.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΓΧΩΡΙΟΣ, ΕΝΤΟΠΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΧΩΡΙΟΣ (epichōrios) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and ΧΩΡΑ (chōra), meaning 'land' or 'country'. Thus, it literally means 'on the land' or 'of the country'.

G0246

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: toos-al-LO-fy-looss

Translations: foreigners, a foreigner, aliens, an alien, those of another race, those of another tribe

Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning 'of another tribe or race,' or 'foreign.' It is used to describe people who are not of the same nationality, ethnicity, or group as the speaker or the people being discussed. In the provided word, it is preceded by the definite article 'ΤΟΥΣ' (TOUS), which means 'the' and indicates that 'foreigners' or 'aliens' are the direct object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΞΕΝΟΣ, ΒΑΡΒΑΡΟΣ

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G3650

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: HO-lon

Translations: whole, entire, all, complete, a whole, an entire

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'whole' or 'entire'. It describes something as being complete or undivided. It can be used to emphasize the totality of something, such as 'the whole house' or 'all the people'. In the provided examples, it refers to the entirety of a task or a place.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΣΥΝΟΛΟΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary word; properly, 'all', 'the whole', 'entire'.

G2038

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: er-ga-SAH-me-noy

Translations: working, having worked, doing, having done, performing, having performed, producing, having produced, trading, having traded

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ergazomai', meaning 'to work' or 'to do'. It describes an action that has been completed or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It can refer to physical labor, mental effort, or the performance of a task or deed. It is often used to describe someone who is engaged in a particular activity or has accomplished something.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΔΡΑΩ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G5495

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ekh-ay-ROH-thay-san

Translations: they were subdued, they were conquered, they were overcome, they were brought under control

Notes: This word describes the action of being brought under control, subdued, or conquered by force. It implies a situation where someone or something is overpowered and made subject to another's authority or power. It is often used in contexts of military conquest or the subjugation of people.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΌΩ, ΥΠΟΤΆΣΣΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΥΡΙΕΎΩ

Etymology: The word ΧΕΙΡΌΩ (cheiroō) comes from the Greek word χείρ (cheir), meaning 'hand'. The verb literally means 'to put one's hand on' or 'to bring under hand', hence to subdue or conquer.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

G4045

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peh-ree-peh-SON-tes

Translations: having fallen upon, having fallen among, having encountered, having run into, having met with

Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb περιπίπτω (peripiptō), meaning 'to fall around' or 'to fall upon'. It describes an action of encountering or running into something, often unexpectedly or by chance. It is used to indicate that the subject has come into contact with or found themselves in a particular situation or place.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΕΜΠΙΠΤΩ

G5067

Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective

Sounds like: teh-TAR-tos

Translations: fourth, a fourth

Notes: This word is an ordinal numeral meaning 'fourth'. It is used to indicate the position of something in a sequence, such as 'the fourth day' or 'the fourth person'. As an adjective, it agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (can also be Feminine, Neuter, and other cases like Genitive, Dative, Accusative, and Vocative, and Plural)

Etymology: From τέσσαρες (tessares), meaning 'four'. It is the ordinal form derived from the cardinal number.

G0746, G4339

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ar-kheh-LA-oh-pros-ekh-OH-ray-sen

Translations: he went over to Archelaus, he joined Archelaus, he submitted to Archelaus

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the proper noun 'Archelaus' (ἈΡΧΕΛΑΟΣ) in the dative case, and the aorist indicative active third person singular form of the verb 'to approach' or 'to yield' (ΠΡΟΣΧΩΡΕΩ). It means that someone 'went over to Archelaus,' 'joined Archelaus,' or 'submitted to Archelaus.' It describes an action of moving towards or aligning with Archelaus.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative Active, Dative Case (for Archelaus)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΛΘΩΝ, ΥΠΕΤΑΞΕΝ

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G5056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEH-los

Translations: end, a goal, a purpose, an outcome, a completion, a tax, a custom, a duty

Notes: This word refers to an end, a goal, a purpose, or the completion of something. It can also refer to a tax or custom duty. It is often used to denote the conclusion of an event or process, or the ultimate aim or objective. In some contexts, it refers to the payment of tribute or taxes.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ

Etymology: The word ΤΕΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn, to accomplish, to fulfill'. It is related to words signifying completion, fulfillment, and the end of a process.

G3027

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: lees-tree-KOO

Translations: of robber-like, of piratical, of brigandish, of a robber-like, of a piratical, of a brigandish

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'robber-like', 'piratical', or 'brigandish'. It describes something or someone associated with robbers or brigands, often implying violence, lawlessness, or a predatory nature. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating that the noun possesses qualities characteristic of a robber or a band of robbers.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΗΣΤΙΚΟΣ, ΑΡΠΑΚΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΛΗΣΤΡΙΚΟΣ (lestrikos) is derived from the noun ΛΗΣΤΗΣ (lestes), meaning 'robber' or 'brigand'. The suffix -ικός (-ikos) is used to form adjectives indicating 'belonging to' or 'of the nature of'.

G1705