2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G2016, G2453

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-fah-NOHN ee-oo-DAI-ohn

Translations: of prominent Jews, of notable Jews, of illustrious Jews

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the genitive plural of the adjective 'ἘΠΙΦΑΝΗΣ' (epiphanes), meaning 'prominent' or 'illustrious', and the genitive plural of the noun 'ἸΟΥΔΑΙΟΣ' (Ioudaios), meaning 'Jew' or 'Judean'. Together, it refers to 'prominent Jews' or 'notable Judeans'. It is used to describe a group of individuals who are both Jewish and hold a significant or distinguished position.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΞΩΝ, ΓΝΩΣΤΩΝ

G5618

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G0907

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: bap-ti-ZO-me-nays

Translations: of being baptized, of being immersed, of being overwhelmed, of being submerged

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'baptizo'. It describes an ongoing action of being immersed, submerged, or overwhelmed. In a broader sense, it can refer to being completely covered or engulfed by something, whether literally in water or figuratively in a situation or experience. It is used to describe something that is in the process of being 'baptized' or 'immersed'.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Feminine, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΥΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΥΩ, ΒΑΠΤΩ

G05562

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-NEE-khon-toh

Translations: they were swimming away, they swam away, they escaped by swimming

Notes: This word is the imperfect middle/passive indicative form of the verb ἀπονήχομαι (aponēchomai), meaning 'to swim away from' or 'to escape by swimming'. It describes an action of moving away from something by swimming, often implying an escape or flight. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb νήχομαι (nēchomai), meaning 'to swim'.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: kos-TO-ba-ros

Translations: Costobarus

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Costobarus, a historical figure who was the brother-in-law of Herod the Great. The name itself is a compound word, likely meaning 'costly burden' or 'heavy cost', though its specific meaning in relation to the person is not explicitly stated. It is used to identify this individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name ΚΟΣΤΟΒΑΡΟΣ (Costobarus) is a compound word derived from ΚΟΣΤΟΣ (kostos), meaning 'cost' or 'expense', and ΒΑΡΟΣ (baros), meaning 'weight' or 'burden'. It is the name of a historical figure, likely of Idumaean origin.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: goon

Translations: then, therefore, accordingly, at least, at any rate

Notes: This word is an inferential particle used to draw a conclusion or consequence from what has just been said. It often introduces a statement that follows logically from the preceding one, indicating a result or a summary. It can also be used to emphasize a point, meaning 'at least' or 'at any rate'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be a strengthened form of the particle 'γε' (ge).

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G5376

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: fee-LIP-poh

Translations: (to) Philip

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the name Philip. In Koine Greek, it is often used to refer to various historical figures named Philip, such as Philip the Apostle, Philip the Evangelist, or Philip II of Macedon. The dative case indicates that Philip is the indirect object of a verb, meaning something is given to him or done for him.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Φίλιππος (Philippos) is of Greek origin, derived from φίλος (philos), meaning 'friend' or 'lover', and ἵππος (hippos), meaning 'horse'. Thus, the name literally means 'lover of horses' or 'fond of horses'.

G2496

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-ah-KEE-moo

Translations: of Joachim, of Jakim

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Joachim' or 'Jakim'. It refers to a male individual named Joachim or Jakim and indicates possession or origin, similar to saying 'of Joachim' or 'Joachim's' in English. It would be used in a sentence to show that something belongs to or is associated with this person.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From Hebrew יְהוֹיָקִים (Yəhōyāqīm), meaning 'Yahweh raises up'. It is a common Old Testament name.

G4754

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-toh-peh-DAR-khees

Translations: commander of the camp, a commander of the camp, prefect of the praetorium, commander of the guard

Notes: This is a compound word derived from 'στρατόπεδον' (camp) and 'ἄρχων' (ruler, commander). It refers to a military officer who commands a camp or a body of troops, often specifically the commander of the Praetorian Guard in the Roman Empire. It is used to describe a high-ranking military official.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΙΛΙΑΡΧΟΣ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek στρατόπεδον (stratopedon, “camp”) + ἄρχων (arkhōn, “ruler, commander”).

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G0002

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-GRIP-pah

Translations: Agrippa

Notes: Agrippa is a proper noun, referring to a male individual. In the New Testament, it primarily refers to Herod Agrippa I and Herod Agrippa II, who were Roman client kings of Judea. It is used as a direct address or as the subject/object of a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Agrippa is of Latin origin, derived from the Roman cognomen Agrippa. It was traditionally given to children born feet first, from Latin 'aegre partus' meaning 'born with difficulty' or 'aegre pes' meaning 'difficult foot'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G1247

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-DRAHN-tes

Translations: escaping, having escaped, fleeing through, having fled through, getting away, having gotten away

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb meaning 'to flee through' or 'to escape'. It describes someone who has performed the action of escaping or getting away. It can be translated as 'escaping' or 'having escaped', often referring to 'those who escaped' or 'the ones who fled'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΟΝΤΕΣ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2778

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KES-tee-on

Translations: girdle, a girdle, belt, a belt

Notes: This word refers to a girdle or a belt, typically worn around the waist. It could be used to hold clothing in place or to carry items. In ancient contexts, girdles were often significant for both practical and symbolic reasons.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΖΩΝΗ, ΔΙΑΖΩΜΑ

Etymology: The word "ΚΕΣΤΙΟΝ" is derived from the Greek word "κεστός" (kestos), meaning 'embroidered' or 'stitched', referring to a type of embroidered girdle, especially one worn by women.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G4172

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: po-li-or-KAY-thees

Translations: having been besieged, having been blockaded, having been beleaguered

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'poliorcheō', meaning 'to besiege' or 'to blockade'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, indicating that the subject has undergone the experience of being besieged or blockaded. It is used to describe someone or something that has been surrounded and attacked, often in a military context.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ, ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΙΑ

Etymology: The word πολιορκέω (poliorcheō) is a compound word formed from πόλις (polis), meaning 'city', and ἕρκος (herkos), meaning 'fence' or 'enclosure'. Thus, it literally means 'to fence in a city', leading to the sense of besieging or blockading.

G0493

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: AN-tee-pas

Translations: Antipas

Notes: Antipas is a proper noun, a male personal name. It refers to a specific individual, often a historical figure or a character in a narrative. In the provided context, it appears to refer to a person involved in a dispute over a kingdom.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Antipas is of Greek origin, derived from the words 'anti' (meaning 'against' or 'like') and 'pas' (meaning 'all' or 'every'). It is a shortened form of 'Antipatros', meaning 'like the father' or 'against the father'.

G5343

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foo-GAYN

Translations: flight, a flight, escape, a fleeing

Notes: This word refers to the act of fleeing or escaping, often from danger or pursuit. It can describe a rapid departure or a strategic withdrawal. In a sentence, it would typically be used to describe the action of someone or a group of people running away.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΦΥΓΗ, ΕΚΦΥΓΗ

Etymology: The word ΦΥΓΗ (phygē) comes from the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *bheug- meaning 'to flee'.

G0861

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OW-this

Translations: again, anew, back, once more, furthermore, on the other hand

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'anew'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a contrasting idea, similar to 'furthermore' or 'on the other hand'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΛΙΝ, ἘΤΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek αὖθις (authis), meaning 'again', 'back again'. It is related to αὖ (au), meaning 'again', 'furthermore'.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, with, from, of, through, at, in, to, a under, a by

Notes: The word 'ΩΣΥΠΟ' appears to be a misspelling or a garbled form of the Koine Greek preposition 'ὑπό' (hypo). The 'ΩΣ' prefix is not standard for this word. 'Ὑπό' is a common preposition that can mean 'under' or 'by', depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'by' (indicating agency). When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'under' (indicating motion or position).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΑΠΟ

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ὑπό' (hypo) derives from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'under' or 'below'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over' (via different Germanic branches) and Latin 'sub'.

G1311

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ef-THA-ree

Translations: was corrupted, was destroyed, was ruined, was spoiled, was depraved

Notes: This word describes something that has been corrupted, destroyed, or ruined. It can refer to physical decay or destruction, or to moral depravity and corruption. It is often used to indicate a state of being utterly spoiled or made useless.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΛΥΜΑΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and φθείρω (phtheirō), meaning 'to corrupt' or 'to destroy'. The compound verb thus means 'to thoroughly corrupt' or 'to utterly destroy'.

G1213

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: day-LOH-soh-men

Translations: we will make clear, we will show, we will declare, we will reveal

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make clear,' 'to show,' 'to declare,' or 'to reveal.' It is used to express an action that will be performed by a group (we) in the future, indicating that they will make something known or evident.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, First Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΩΣΟΜΕΝ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΟΜΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΔΗΛΟΩ comes from the adjective ΔΗΛΟΣ (delos), meaning 'visible' or 'clear.' It signifies the act of making something visible or clear.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: peh-ree-SAH-oo-lon

Translations: those around Saul, Saul's party, Saul and his companions

Notes: This word appears to be a compound or a misspelling of the common Koine Greek phrase "οἱ περὶ Σαούλον" (hoi peri Saoulon), which literally means "those around Saul." This construction is frequently used to refer to a person and their companions, or a group associated with that person. Therefore, "ΠΕΡΙΣΑΟΥΛΟΝ" would refer to Saul and his associates or followers. It is likely a singular form used to represent the collective group.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

G0515

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ax-ee-OH-san-tas

Translations: having deemed worthy, having thought worthy, having asked, having requested, having demanded

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἀξιόω', meaning 'to deem worthy', 'to consider fitting', 'to ask', or 'to request'. As a participle, it describes an action completed in the past by the subject, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially to modify a noun or verb in the main clause. It indicates that someone has performed the action of deeming worthy or making a request.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑἸΤΈΩ, ΔΈΟΜΑΙ, ἘΡΩΤΆΩ

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G3588, G1438

Part of Speech: Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: teh-ow-TON

Translations: their own, the things of themselves

Notes: This word is a crasis (contraction) of the definite article 'τὰ' (ta) and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτῶν' (heautōn). It means 'their own' or 'the things of themselves'. It is used to refer back to the subject of the sentence, indicating possession or relation to themselves. The initial 'ΤΕ' is a common contraction of 'τὰ' when followed by a word starting with a vowel, and the apostrophe (coronis) indicates this elision and contraction.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Genitive

G1213

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: day-loh-SON-tas

Translations: about to show, about to make clear, about to declare, about to reveal, about to explain, about to make known

Notes: This word is a future active participle, masculine or feminine, accusative plural, derived from the verb 'δηλόω' (dēloō). It describes someone or something that is 'about to show' or 'about to make clear' something. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun and indicating an action that will happen in the future.

Inflection: Future, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΩΣΟΝΤΑΣ, ΓΝΩΡΙΣΟΝΤΑΣ

G5157, G1519

Part of Speech: Verb, Preposition

Sounds like: TREP-son-tas AYS

Translations: turning, changing, into, to, for

Notes: This appears to be a compound of two separate words: the future active participle of the verb ΤΡΕΠΩ (trepō), meaning 'to turn' or 'to change', and the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to'. The form ΤΡΕΨΟΝΤΑΣ is the masculine accusative plural of the future active participle. It describes those who will turn or change. The word ΕἸΣ indicates direction or purpose. It is highly probable that these two words were mistakenly joined together in the provided text, as they are typically written as separate words in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Future Active Participle (masculine, accusative, plural) and Preposition

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-non

Translations: that (one), him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It refers to something distant in space or time, or something previously mentioned or understood from the context. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, meaning 'that one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'that [noun]'. In this form, it is used for a masculine singular object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ὉΔΕ

Etymology: The word ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ (ekeinos) is derived from the adverb ἐκεῖ (ekei), meaning 'there'. It refers to something 'over there' or 'that one there', indicating distance.

G3709

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: or-GAYN

Translations: wrath, anger, indignation, punishment, a wrath, an anger

Notes: This word refers to a strong, passionate emotion, often intense anger or indignation. It can describe human anger, but is frequently used in a theological context to refer to God's righteous anger or divine judgment, which often leads to punishment. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΣ, ΠΑΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΡΓΗ (orgē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *werg-, meaning 'to work' or 'to do'. It originally referred to an impulse or natural disposition, which then evolved to mean a strong emotion or passion, and eventually anger or wrath.

G1438, G2794

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-af-TOO-kin-DY-noos

Translations: of his own dangers, of her own dangers, of its own dangers

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the genitive reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou), meaning 'of himself/herself/itself', and the accusative plural noun 'κινδύνους' (kindynous), meaning 'dangers' or 'risks'. When combined, it refers to 'dangers belonging to oneself' or 'one's own dangers'. It is used to indicate that the dangers are personal or self-inflicted.

Inflection: Genitive (for ΕΑΥΤΟΥ), Accusative Plural (for ΚΙΝΔΥΝΟΥΣ), Masculine

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G4441

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: py-THOH-meh-noy

Translations: having learned, having heard, having inquired, having ascertained, having found out

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'πυνθάνομαι', meaning 'to learn by inquiry', 'to hear', or 'to find out'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often indicating the cause or circumstance of the main verb's action. It implies gaining knowledge through investigation or receiving information.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΣΑΝΤΕΣ, ΜΑΘΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΥΡΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ-n-ske- (to be awake, to observe, to learn), related to the root *bʰeudʰ- (to be awake, to perceive). It is cognate with Latin fundus (bottom, foundation) and English 'bottom'. The sense evolved from 'to perceive' to 'to learn by inquiry'.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOYS

Translations: (to) themselves, (for) themselves, themselves, (among) themselves

Notes: This is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. It is used when the action of the verb is directed back to the subject of the sentence. For example, 'they gave to themselves' or 'they saw themselves'. It emphasizes that the subject is both the actor and the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, a compound of the reflexive pronoun 'ἑός' (heos, 'his own') and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self').

G0337

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-LEIN

Translations: to take up, to take away, to destroy, to kill, to put to death

Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἀναιρέω (anaireō). It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose'. Depending on the context, it can mean to take something up, to remove or take away, or more commonly, to destroy or kill someone. It is often used in the sense of putting someone to death.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ἈΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

Etymology: The verb ἀναιρέω (anaireō) is a compound of ἀνά (ana, 'up, again') and αἱρέω (haireō, 'to take, to seize').

G2521

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-THOH-men

Translations: sitting, while sitting, as they sat

Notes: This is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'καθῆμαι' (kathēmai), meaning 'to sit' or 'to be seated'. It describes an ongoing action of sitting or being seated. It can function adverbially, indicating the circumstances or manner of another action, such as 'while sitting' or 'as they sat'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΗΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word καθῆμαι (kathēmai) comes from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down', and the verb ἧμαι (hēmai), meaning 'to sit'.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-khon

Translations: had, were having, possessed, held

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can be used to indicate possession, a state of being, or to describe an action that was happening over a period of time in the past. For example, 'they had' or 'they were holding'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G1130

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: gym-NAH-see-oh

Translations: to a gymnasium, for a gymnasium, in a gymnasium, gymnasium, a gymnasium

Notes: This word refers to a gymnasium, which in ancient Greek culture was a public place for athletic exercises, but also for intellectual and social activities. It was a center for physical training, education, and philosophical discussion. As a dative case, it indicates the indirect object or location, often translated as 'to/for a gymnasium' or 'in a gymnasium'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Etymology: The word "gymnasion" comes from the Greek word "gymnos" (γυμνός), meaning "naked." This is because athletes in ancient Greece often trained and competed naked.

G3819

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pa-LAI

Translations: long ago, of old, formerly, anciently

Notes: This word is an adverb of time, meaning 'long ago' or 'of old'. It is used to refer to events or states that occurred in the distant past. It can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, indicating that the action or quality described happened or existed a considerable time before the present.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝΩΘΕΝ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to spread, flat'. In Greek, it developed to refer to something that is 'old' or 'ancient', leading to its use as an adverb for 'long ago'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G5285

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tas-hoo-pop-SEE-as

Translations: suspicions, the suspicions, a suspicion

Notes: This word is likely a misspelling or a compound form of the definite article "τὰς" (tas), meaning "the" (feminine accusative plural), and the noun "ὑποψίας" (hypopsias), meaning "suspicions" (feminine accusative plural). Therefore, it most likely means "the suspicions." The noun "ὑποψία" refers to a feeling of distrust or apprehension, often without concrete evidence. It describes a state of mind where one suspects something negative or harmful.

Inflection: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΠΙΣΤΙΑ, ΑΠΙΣΤΙΑ

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G4231

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: prahg-mah-TEV-sah-meh-noy

Translations: having traded, having done business, having occupied oneself, having been engaged in

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'πραγματεύομαι', meaning 'to trade', 'to do business', or 'to occupy oneself with something'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, often functioning like an adjective or adverb to modify a noun or verb in the sentence. It indicates that the subject has engaged in or carried out a particular activity or transaction.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word πραγματεύομαι (pragmateuomai) is derived from πρᾶγμα (pragma), meaning 'deed, act, thing', which itself comes from πράσσω (prassō), meaning 'to do, to act'.

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: RAH-steen

Translations: unknown

Notes: It is not clear what this word means. 'ΡΑΣΤΗΝ (RASTĒN) does not appear to be a standard or recognized word in Koine Greek. It is highly probable that this is a misspelling or a garbled form of another word. Given the context provided, which repeatedly uses 'ΠΑΡΑΣΤΗΝΑΙ' (PARASTĒNAI), it is possible that 'ΡΑΣΤΗΝ' is a typo or corruption of a word related to 'ΠΑΡΑΣΤΗΝΑΙ' (to stand by, to present oneself). Without further context or correction, its meaning remains unknown.

Inflection: Unknown

G2029

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-KHEI-ray-sin

Translations: undertaking, an undertaking, attempt, an attempt, enterprise, an enterprise, attack, an attack

Notes: This word refers to an undertaking, an attempt, or an enterprise. It can also denote an attack or an assault. It describes an action or project that is initiated or put into motion, often with a specific goal or objective in mind. It is used to describe a planned course of action.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΓΜΑ, ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΒΟΥΛΗ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΣΙΣ (epicheirēsis) comes from the verb ἐπιχειρέω (epicheireō), meaning 'to put one's hand to, undertake, attempt'. This verb is a compound of ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon, to', and χείρ (cheir), meaning 'hand'.

G1167

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-deh-DOI-kee-san

Translations: they had feared, they were afraid, they feared

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to fear' or 'to be afraid'. It is in the pluperfect tense, indicating an action completed in the past before another past action, and is in the third person plural, meaning 'they'. It describes a state of having been fearful or having come to fear.

Inflection: Pluperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΕΩ, ΤΡΕΜΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΕΙΔΩ (deidō) comes from an ancient root related to fear or dread. It is an older, poetic form that became common in Koine Greek, often replaced by forms of ΦΟΒΕΩ (phobeō) in later Greek.

G4133

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: PLAYN

Translations: but, nevertheless, except, only, however, save, yet, notwithstanding, (except) for

Notes: This word functions as an adverb, conjunction, or preposition, indicating an exception, contrast, or limitation. As an adverb, it means 'nevertheless' or 'only'. As a conjunction, it means 'but' or 'however', introducing a contrasting statement. As a preposition, it means 'except' or 'save', typically followed by a genitive case, indicating exclusion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΕΙ ΜΗ, ΧΩΡΙΣ

Etymology: From an obsolete root, possibly related to πλῆθος (plēthos, 'multitude'), suggesting a sense of 'fullness' or 'completeness' from which something is excluded.

G5217

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-peegh-MEH-nahs

Translations: subjected, brought under, led away, withdrawn, departed

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'hypago' (ὑπάγω), meaning 'to lead under, to bring under, to subject, to withdraw, or to depart'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing a noun that has been subjected or led away. It can also imply a state of being under someone's authority or control, or having been withdrawn or departed.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΤΑΣΣΩ, ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπό (hypó, 'under') and ἄγω (ágō, 'to lead'). It literally means 'to lead under' or 'to bring under'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G2356

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thrays-KAY-ah

Translations: religion, worship, religious observance, a religion

Notes: This word refers to religion or religious worship, specifically emphasizing the outward expression and practice of one's faith. It denotes the system of religious beliefs and practices, or the act of performing religious duties and rituals. It can be used to describe a specific religious system or the general concept of piety and devotion.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΕΙΑ, ΛΑΤΡΕΙΑ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be derived from a root meaning 'to be afraid' or 'to tremble', possibly referring to the awe or reverence felt in the presence of the divine. It describes the outward expression of religious devotion.

G1352

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: DEE-oh

Translations: therefore, wherefore, for this reason, on account of which

Notes: This is a compound conjunction formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'. It is used to introduce a consequence or conclusion, indicating that what follows is a result of what has just been stated. It functions similarly to 'therefore' or 'for this reason' in English.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'.

G3176

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-giss-toss

Translations: greatest, largest, most important, very great

Notes: This word is a superlative adjective, meaning 'greatest' or 'largest'. It is used to describe something that is supreme in size, importance, or degree. It functions similarly to the English 'most' or '-est' suffix when comparing things.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Superlative

Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΩΝ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the Koine Greek word μέγας (megas), meaning 'great'. ΜΕΓΙΣΤΟΣ is the superlative form of μέγας.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G0737

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-GOHN

Translations: contest, struggle, fight, race, a contest, a struggle, a fight, a race

Notes: This word refers to a gathering, especially for a contest or struggle. It can denote a physical struggle, a race, a battle, or a more general conflict or struggle in life. It is often used in the context of athletic games or a spiritual struggle.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΠΑΛΗ, ΔΡΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead, to bring, to drive'. The noun refers to a gathering or assembly, particularly for a competition or struggle.

G1096, G2990

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-neh-toh-lah-THAYN

Translations: it happened to escape notice, it became hidden, it came to pass unnoticed

Notes: This appears to be a compound word or a phrase written as one word, combining 'ἐγένετο' (egeneto) and 'λαθεῖν' (lathein). 'Ἐγένετο' means 'it happened' or 'it became,' and 'λαθεῖν' is the aorist infinitive of 'λανθάνω' (lanthanō), meaning 'to escape notice' or 'to be hidden.' Therefore, the combined form would mean 'it happened to escape notice' or 'it became hidden.' This construction describes an event that occurred in the past and remained unnoticed or concealed.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative Middle/Passive, 3rd Person Singular (for ἐγένετο); Aorist Infinitive (for λαθεῖν)

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G5563

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kho-REE-oh

Translations: to a place, in a place, to a field, in a field, to a piece of land, in a piece of land

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'χωρίον' (chōrion), meaning 'place,' 'field,' or 'piece of land.' It indicates the location 'to' or 'in' which an action occurs, or 'at' a certain place. It is often used to refer to specific plots of ground or areas.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'χωρίον' (chōrion) is a diminutive of 'χῶρος' (chōros), meaning 'place' or 'space.' It refers to a smaller, more specific area or plot of land.

G0424

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-NOP-loos

Translations: unarmed, without weapons, defenseless

Notes: This is a compound adjective formed from the prefix ἀν- (an-), meaning 'without' or 'un-', and ὅπλον (hoplon), meaning 'weapon' or 'armor'. Therefore, it describes someone or something that is without weapons, unarmed, or defenseless. It can be used to describe soldiers, people, or even a situation where there is no means of defense.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΜΑΧΟΣ, ΑΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΕΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the privative prefix ἀν- (an-), meaning 'without', and ὅπλον (hoplon), meaning 'weapon' or 'armor'.

G1904, G5259

Part of Speech: Verb, Preposition

Sounds like: eh-PEL-thon-tes, HOO-po

Translations: having come upon, having attacked, having approached, under, by, with

Notes: This appears to be a concatenation of two separate Koine Greek words: ἘΠΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ and ΥΠΟ. ἘΠΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ is the masculine nominative plural aorist active participle of the verb ἐπέρχομαι, meaning 'to come upon,' 'to attack,' 'to approach,' or 'to arrive.' It describes an action of coming or arriving, often with an implication of hostility or suddenness, performed by multiple male subjects. ΥΠΟ is a preposition meaning 'under,' 'by,' or 'with,' and its specific meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs (genitive, dative, or accusative). When combined, they would typically form a phrase like 'having come upon under' or 'having attacked by'.

Inflection: ἘΠΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ: Participle, Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural. ΥΠΟ: Does not inflect (preposition).

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΟΚΑΤΩ

G3392

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mee-AH-n

Translations: to defile, to pollute, to contaminate, to stain

Notes: This word describes the act of making something unclean, impure, or unholy. It can refer to physical defilement, such as staining or polluting, or to moral and spiritual defilement, such as corrupting or profaning. It is often used in a religious context to describe ritual impurity or sin.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΟΛΥΝΩ, ΡΥΠΑΙΝΩ, ΒΕΒΗΛΟΩ

Etymology: The word 'μιαίνω' (miainō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the concept of defilement and impurity.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G1377

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dee-OHK-san-tes

Translations: having pursued, having persecuted, having chased, having followed, having driven away

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'διώκω' (diōkō). It describes an action that has already been completed by the subject. It can mean to pursue, chase, follow, or even persecute, depending on the context. It implies an active and often vigorous engagement in following or driving something or someone.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΞΑΝΤΕΣ, ΚΥΝΗΓΕΩ

G2414

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-roh-SO-loo-mah

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word refers to Jerusalem, the capital city of ancient Judea and a significant religious center for Jews and Christians. It is often used in the context of travel to or from the city, or events that took place within it.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive (indeclinable in some contexts), Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely derived from 'Urusalim', meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It has been known by various names throughout history.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G4514

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: roh-mah-EE-zon-ton

Translations: of those Romanizing, of those who are Romanizing, of those who side with the Romans

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'rhomaïzō', meaning 'to act like a Roman', 'to side with the Romans', or 'to speak Latin'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action or state. In this genitive plural form, it refers to 'those who are Romanizing' or 'those who are siding with the Romans'. It is used to describe people who adopt Roman customs, language, or political allegiance.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Present, Active

G3982

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: PEI-thoi

Translations: persuasion, a persuasion, obedience, a belief, to persuade, to obey, to trust

Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'persuasion' or 'obedience', or as an inflected form of the verb 'to persuade' or 'to obey'. As a noun, it refers to the act or state of being persuaded or obeying. As a verb, it describes the action of convincing someone or complying with a command. In the provided form, it is most likely a dative singular noun meaning 'to persuasion' or 'by persuasion', or a verb form meaning 'they were persuaded' or 'they obeyed'.

Inflection: Dative, Singular, Feminine (as a noun); or Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Active (as a verb)

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΙΣ, ΥΠΑΚΟΗ, ΠΕΙΘΩ

G4317

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-AY-gon-toh

Translations: they were bringing, they were leading, they were approaching, they were being brought, they were being led, they were being presented

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros, meaning 'to, toward') and the verb ΑΓΩ (ago, meaning 'to lead, bring'). In its active voice, it means 'to bring to, lead to, present'. In the middle or passive voice, as seen here, it can mean 'to approach, to be brought to, to be led to, to be presented'. It describes an ongoing action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ

G4863

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-ath-ROH-eess-then-tes

Translations: having been gathered together, having assembled, having collected

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having been gathered together' or 'having assembled'. It describes a group of people or things that have been brought together or collected. It is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb ἀθροίζω (athroizō, meaning 'to gather' or 'to collect').

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-RON

Translations: sacred, holy, consecrated, a sacred place, a temple, temple

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'sacred,' 'holy,' or 'consecrated.' When used as a noun, it refers to a 'sacred place' or, more specifically, a 'temple.' It describes something set apart for religious purposes or dedicated to a deity.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΙΕΡΟΣ (hieros) comes from a pre-Greek substrate word, possibly related to the concept of 'strength' or 'power,' which became associated with divine power and sacredness.

G0142

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-REH-thay

Translations: was taken away, was lifted up, was carried away, was removed, was destroyed

Notes: This is the third person singular, aorist, passive, indicative form of the verb 'αἴρω' (airō). It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject was the recipient of the action, meaning 'it was taken away' or 'it was lifted up'. It can be used in contexts where something is removed, destroyed, or elevated.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΙΡΕΩ, ΑΝΕΛΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ

G2501

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-OH-say-poss

Translations: Joseph

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the male personal name Joseph. It is a common name in biblical texts, appearing frequently in both the Old and New Testaments. It is used to identify individuals, such as Joseph, the husband of Mary, or Joseph of Arimathea.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name ἸΩΣΗΠΟΣ (Iōsēpos) is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name יוסף (Yosef), meaning 'He will add' or 'May he add'. It was a very common name among Jews and was transliterated into Greek.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HUI-os

Translations: son, a son

Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AR-khee-eh-REFS

Translations: high priest, a high priest

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ἀρχή' (arche), meaning 'first' or 'chief', and 'ἱερεύς' (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It refers to the chief priest, the highest religious official in ancient Israel, responsible for leading the temple worship and performing the most sacred rituals. It can also refer to a chief priest in a more general sense. It is used in sentences to denote the specific individual holding this esteemed religious office.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΕΥΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣ is a compound of two Greek words: ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'beginning, rule, chief', and ἱερεύς (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It literally means 'chief priest' or 'first priest'.

G0420

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: AH-nah-nos

Translations: Ananus

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a specific individual. In the provided context, it refers to Ananus, a high priest mentioned in historical texts, particularly by Josephus. Proper nouns are used to name specific people, places, or things.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Ananus is of Hebrew origin, derived from the name Hananiah, meaning 'Yahweh has been gracious'. It was a common name among Jewish high priests and other prominent figures during the Second Temple period.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G0537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PAN-tohn

Translations: (of) all, (of) everyone, (of) everything

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΑΠΑΣ' (apas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is a compound word formed from 'α-' (a-, a prefix indicating totality or completeness) and 'πας' (pas, meaning 'all' or 'every'). As a genitive plural, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship for multiple entities, often translated as 'of all' or 'concerning all'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΝ, ΟΛΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΑΣ (apas) is a compound of the intensive prefix ἀ- (a-) and the word πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. The prefix ἀ- intensifies the meaning of 'all' to 'the whole' or 'everyone without exception'.

G0846, G2532

Part of Speech: Noun, Conjunction

Sounds like: ow-toh-KRA-toh-res-KAI

Translations: emperors and, rulers and, masters and, self-ruling and

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the noun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΕΣ' (autokratores), meaning 'emperors' or 'rulers', and the conjunction 'ΚΑΙ' (kai), meaning 'and'. The combined form 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΕΣΚΑΙ' therefore means 'emperors and' or 'rulers and'. It refers to those who hold absolute power or are self-governing, followed by the conjunction 'and' to connect to the next part of the sentence.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine (for ΑΥ̓ΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΕΣ); Does not inflect (for ΚΑΙ)

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΣΤΑΙ, ΑΡΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΗΓΕΜΟΝΕΣ

G3122

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MA-lis-TA

Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'

Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G0450

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-eh-GEY-rin

Translations: to raise up, to build, to erect, to awaken, to restore

Notes: This word means to raise up, to build, or to erect something. It can also refer to awakening someone or restoring something to a previous state. It is often used in contexts of constructing buildings or raising people from sleep or death.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἘΓΕΙΡΕΙΝ, ἈΝΙΣΤΑΝΑΙ, ΟἸΚΟΔΟΜΕΙΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up, again”) and ἐγείρω (egeírō, “to rouse, to awaken”).

G2539

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: KAI-per

Translations: although, though, even though, even if, notwithstanding

Notes: This word is a compound particle used to introduce a concessive clause, meaning 'although' or 'even though'. It indicates that something is true despite a contrary condition or circumstance. It often appears with a participle, expressing a concession.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ ΚΑΙ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: ΚΑΙΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the conjunction ΚΑΙ (kai), meaning 'and' or 'even', and the particle ΠΕΡ (per), which is an intensive particle. Together, they form a strong concessive meaning.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: OOF

Translations: under, by, with, from, at the hand of, by means of, through

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'by'. The final vowel of 'ΥΠΟ' is dropped when the following word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. It indicates a position beneath something, or agency (by means of someone/something), or cause. It can also denote the instrument or agent by which something is done. It is a very common preposition in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect; governs the genitive and accusative cases.

Etymology: The word 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'under'. It is related to English words like 'hypodermic' and 'hypothermia'.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOH

Translations: (to) himself, (for) himself, (to) herself, (for) herself, (to) itself, (for) itself, (to) themselves, (for) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the clause. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the subject itself. It can be used for singular or plural subjects, and its specific meaning (himself, herself, itself, themselves) depends on the gender and number of the subject it refers to. In this dative form, it often conveys the sense of 'to' or 'for' the subject.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G4160

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: peh-poy-ay-MEH-non

Translations: made, done, created, a thing made, a thing done

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been made' or 'having been done'. It describes something that has been completed or brought into existence. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (a noun) referring to the thing that has been made or done.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ, ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑ

G3000, G2532

Part of Speech: Noun, Conjunction

Sounds like: LEH-ee-an-KAI

Translations: booty and, plunder and, spoil and, prey and

Notes: This word appears to be a compound of two separate Koine Greek words: 'λείαν' (leian), which is the accusative singular form of 'λεία' (leia), meaning 'booty' or 'plunder', and 'καὶ' (kai), meaning 'and'. Therefore, 'ΛΕΙΑΝΚΑΙ' translates to 'booty and' or 'plunder and'. It is likely a transcription error or a lack of spacing in the original text, as these two words are typically written separately. In a sentence, it would connect 'booty' with another item or concept.

Inflection: ΛΕΙΑ: Singular, Accusative, Feminine; ΚΑΙ: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΚΥΛΑ, ΑΡΠΑΓΜΑ, ΚΑΙΠΕΡ

G0726

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: har-pa-GEN-ta

Translations: things snatched away, things seized, things carried off, things plundered

Notes: This word is the neuter plural perfect passive participle of the verb ἁρπάζω (harpazō), meaning 'to seize' or 'to snatch'. It refers to things that have been seized, snatched, or carried off by force. It is often used to describe plunder or spoils taken in war or by robbery.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Perfect, Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΛΕΙΑ, ΣΚΥΛΑ

Etymology: The verb ἁρπάζω (harpazō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the idea of seizing or snatching quickly.

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

G3676

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OH-mohs

Translations: nevertheless, however, yet, still, but, even so

Notes: This word is an adverb used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or qualifies what has just been said. It indicates a concession or a continuation despite a preceding condition, similar to 'nevertheless' or 'however' in English. It can be used to emphasize that something is true despite an obstacle or contrary fact.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΝ, ΑΛΛΑ, ΚΑΙΤΟΙ

Etymology: From the Greek prefix ὁμο- (homo-), meaning 'same' or 'alike', combined with the suffix -ως (-ōs), which forms adverbs. It originally conveyed the idea of 'in the same way' or 'equally', evolving to mean 'nevertheless' or 'however' in a concessive sense.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G2186

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEH-stee-san

Translations: they stood over, they stood by, they came upon, they appeared, they attacked, they set over

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'. In its aorist indicative active form, it means 'they stood over', 'they stood by', 'they came upon', or 'they appeared'. It can also imply an unexpected or sudden appearance, or even an attack. In some contexts, it can mean 'they set over' or 'they appointed'.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist Indicative Active

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἐφίστημι is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon, over, to', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand, to set'. It is derived from Proto-Indo-European roots related to standing or placing.

G5532

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHREH-yah-ees

Translations: needs, necessities, uses, services, wants, (to) needs, (to) necessities, (to) uses, (to) services, (to) wants

Notes: This word refers to a need, necessity, or a specific use or service. It can describe something that is required or useful. In this inflected form, it is plural and in the dative case, indicating the recipient or circumstance of an action, often translated with "to" or "for" or simply as the plural noun in context.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΗ, ΧΡΗΣΙΣ, ΕΡΓΟΝ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G1391

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: doh-roo-foh-RON

Translations: of a bodyguard, of bodyguards, of a spear-bearer, of spear-bearers

Notes: This word is a compound noun, meaning 'spear-bearer' or 'bodyguard'. It refers to someone who carries a spear, often in a protective or military capacity, serving as a personal guard or attendant to a king or important person. In the provided examples, it is used in the genitive plural, indicating possession or association, such as 'of the bodyguards'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΦΡΟΥΡΟΣ, ΣΩΜΑΤΟΦΥΛΑΞ

Etymology: The word ΔΟΡΥΦΟΡΟΣ is a compound of two Greek words: δόρυ (dory), meaning 'spear', and φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. Thus, it literally means 'spear-bearer'.

G1485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EH-the-see

Translations: (to) customs, (by) customs, (with) customs, (to) habits, (by) habits, (with) habits, (to) manners, (by) manners, (with) manners

Notes: This word refers to a custom, habit, or manner of living or acting. It describes established practices or traditions within a community or among individuals. In the provided context, it is used in the dative plural, indicating 'by customs' or 'according to customs'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΣ, ΤΡΟΠΟΣ, ΣΥΝΗΘΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἔθος (ethos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *swedʰ- meaning 'custom, habit'. It is related to words signifying 'one's own' or 'peculiar to oneself'.

G5530

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: KHROH-meh-noos

Translations: using, employing, having dealings with, those who use, those who employ, those who have dealings with

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'χράομαι', meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in the act of using or employing something. It can also mean 'to have dealings with' or 'to associate with'. In a sentence, it would describe the action of the subject.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Accusative Case, Plural Number, Masculine Gender

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΙΜΕΥΟΝΤΑΣ, ΑΠΟΛΑΥΟΝΤΑΣ

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G3641

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: o-LI-gon

Translations: little, a little, few, a few, small, a small amount, short, a short time, briefly

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'little' or 'few', or as an adverb meaning 'a little' or 'briefly'. As an adjective, it describes a small quantity or number of something. As an adverb, it indicates a small degree or duration of an action. It is often used to denote scarcity or brevity.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΙΚΡΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ

Etymology: The word ὈΛΙΓΟΣ (oligos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to words meaning 'small' or 'scanty'.

G3376, G3378

Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: MAYN

Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly

Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.

Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ

Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G5532

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHREH-yah

Translations: need, a need, necessity, a necessity, use, a use, service, a service, business, a business, lack, a lack

Notes: This word is a feminine noun that refers to a need, necessity, or a useful purpose. It can also denote a service or a business matter. It is often used to describe something that is required or beneficial, or a situation where something is lacking.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΗ, ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, ΕΡΓΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΕΙΑ derives from the Greek verb χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use, to need'. It is related to the concept of utility and what is necessary or useful.

G1178

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: goh-TEH-oo-ohn

Translations: bewitching, enchanting, deceiving, charming, a bewitching one, an enchanting one, a deceiving one, a charming one

Notes: This word describes the act of bewitching, enchanting, or deceiving someone, often through magical arts or persuasive charm. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who is in the process of performing these actions, or the manner in which an action is done. It implies a manipulative or misleading influence.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΑΩ, ΑΠΑΤΑΩ, ΕΞΑΠΑΤΑΩ

Etymology: The verb γοητεύω (goēteuō) comes from γόης (goēs), meaning 'sorcerer, charmer, enchanter'. This root refers to one who wails or howls, particularly in magical incantations or laments, and thus came to be associated with those who practice magic or deception.

G1831, G4012, G2064

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-peh-ree-EEL-theh

Translations: went around, went about, traversed, encompassed, circumvented

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefixes ἐκ (ek, meaning 'out of' or 'from') and περί (peri, meaning 'around' or 'about'), combined with the aorist form of ἔρχομαι (erchomai, meaning 'to come' or 'to go'). It describes the action of moving around or traversing an area, often implying a complete circuit or a thorough movement through a region. It can also imply going around an obstacle or circumventing something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G5620

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: HOH-steh

Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.

G3980

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pay-THAR-kane

Translations: to obey, to be obedient, to submit to authority

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to obey or to be obedient, particularly to authority. It describes the act of complying with commands or submitting to the will of another, often in a context of governance, law, or moral obligation. It is formed from two parts: the verb 'πείθω' (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to obey', and the noun 'ἀρχή' (archē), meaning 'rule' or 'authority'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΕΙΚΩ

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-teh-ROOS

Translations: others, other ones

Notes: This word means 'other' or 'another' of a different kind, implying a distinction or difference from something previously mentioned or understood. It is used to refer to individuals or things that are distinct from a primary group or item. For example, 'he spoke to others' would imply he spoke to people who were different from a specific group.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the English word 'other'.

G1951

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-LEK-san-toh

Translations: they chose, they selected, they picked out

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, over') and the verb λέγω (legō, 'to say, to pick'). In this form, it means 'they chose for themselves' or 'they selected'. It implies a deliberate act of choosing or picking out from a group, often for a specific purpose or role. The middle voice emphasizes that the action is done by the subject for their own benefit or interest.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΩ, ΕΚΛΕΓΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΛΕΓΩ

G4755, G2424

Part of Speech: Noun, Proper Noun

Sounds like: strah-tay-GOO-see ee-ay-SOON

Translations: generals, commanders, governors, Jesus, Joshua

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the noun 'στρατηγός' (strategos), meaning 'general' or 'commander', and the proper noun 'Ἰησοῦς' (Iesous), which refers to 'Jesus' or 'Joshua'. The form 'στρατηγοῦσι' is the dative plural of 'στρατηγός', meaning 'to/for generals' or 'by generals'. The form 'Ἰησοῦν' is the accusative singular of 'Ἰησοῦς'. In this specific context, it appears to be a list of names, where 'στρατηγοῦσι' might be used to introduce the 'generals' or 'commanders' being referred to, followed by the name 'Jesus/Joshua' as one of them. It could also be interpreted as 'to/for generals, even Jesus/Joshua'.

Inflection: ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΥΣΙ: Plural, Dative, Masculine; ἸΗΣΟΥΝ: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗΓΟΣ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-REH-ohn

Translations: of high priests, of chief priests

Notes: This word refers to those who hold the highest priestly office. In ancient Israel, this was the head of the priesthood, responsible for leading religious ceremonies and sacrifices. In the New Testament, it often refers to the leading members of the Jewish priestly class, including the high priest and other prominent priests.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΕΙΣ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'first' or 'chief', and ἱερεύς (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It literally means 'chief priest'.

G3501

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: NEH-oo

Translations: of young, of new, of a young man, of a new thing

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective 'ΝΕΟΣ' (neos), meaning 'new' or 'young'. As an adjective, it describes something as being fresh, recent, or youthful. It can also be substantivized, meaning it functions as a noun, referring to 'a young man' or 'a new thing'. In its genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' (e.g., 'of a young man' or 'of new things').

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΣ, ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΝΕΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'new' or 'young'. It is related to words for 'new' in many other Indo-European languages.

G0758

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AR-khon-tee

Translations: to a ruler, to the ruler, to a chief, to the chief, to a leader, to the leader, to a prince, to the prince, to a magistrate, to the magistrate

Notes: This word refers to a ruler, chief, leader, prince, or magistrate. It is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for' someone. It signifies a person in a position of authority or power.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΡΧΩΝ comes from the verb ἄρχω (archo), meaning 'to rule' or 'to begin'. It refers to one who rules or is first in rank.

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G1085

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GEH-nos

Translations: race, kind, family, nation, offspring, stock, a race, a kind

Notes: This word refers to a group of people or things sharing a common origin, characteristic, or lineage. It can denote a family, a nation, a race, a species, or a type. It is often used to describe a lineage or descent, such as 'the race of Israel' or 'the family of David'. It can also refer to a general category or kind of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁- meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generation' in English.

G4008

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-RAI-tays

Translations: the one from beyond, the one from the other side, the Transjordanian

Notes: This word refers to someone who comes from 'the other side' or 'beyond' a certain point, often implying a geographical location. In historical contexts, it frequently refers to someone from the region of Perea, which was east of the Jordan River, hence 'the Transjordanian'. It is used to describe a person's origin or affiliation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: Derived from the Greek adverb πέραν (peran), meaning 'beyond' or 'on the other side', with the suffix -ίτης (-ites) indicating a person from a place.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KAH-lay-toh

Translations: was called, used to be called, he was called, she was called, it was called

Notes: This is the third person singular, imperfect indicative form of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. In this form, it translates to 'was called' or 'used to be called', indicating an action that was ongoing or habitual in the past. It can be used to describe someone or something being named or referred to by a particular title.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Passive or Middle Voice

Etymology: The word 'καλέω' (kaleō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁-, meaning 'to shout, to call'. It is related to Latin calo ('to call out') and English 'hail'.

G4367

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ET-ax-an

Translations: they commanded, they ordered, they instructed, they appointed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to command,' 'to order,' or 'to instruct.' It is used to describe an action where a group of people issued a directive or gave an instruction to others. It implies authority or a formal request.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΕΠΙΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, 'to, toward') and τάσσω (tassō, 'to arrange, to order'). It literally means 'to arrange towards' or 'to set in order for'.

G5293

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-po-TAS-ses-thai

Translations: to subject oneself, to be subject, to submit, to obey

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ὑπό' (under) and 'τάσσω' (to arrange, to order). It means to place oneself under the authority or control of another, to submit, or to obey. It is often used in contexts of social or spiritual hierarchy, indicating a voluntary or involuntary act of submission. It can be used reflexively (to subject oneself) or passively (to be subjected).

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΕΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ

G0272

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hay-MEH-loon

Translations: they neglected, they were careless, they cared not for, they disregarded

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to neglect,' 'to be careless,' or 'to disregard.' It describes an action of not paying attention or failing to care for something or someone. It is often used with a genitive case to indicate what is being neglected or disregarded.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΩΡΕΩ, ΠΑΡΟΡΑΩ

Etymology: The word ἀμελέω (ameleō) is a compound word formed from the privative prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without,' and the verb μέλω (melō), meaning 'to care for' or 'to be a concern to.' Thus, it literally means 'not to care for' or 'to be without concern.'

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G5116

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: toh-PAR-khee-as

Translations: of a toparchy, of a district, toparchy, a toparchy, district, a district

Notes: This word refers to a toparchy, which is a specific administrative district or region, often governed by a toparch. It is a compound word derived from 'τόπος' (place) and 'ἀρχή' (rule, dominion). It is used to denote a territorial division or a local jurisdiction. For example, one might speak of the 'toparchy of Jericho' to refer to the administrative region around Jericho.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΕΠΑΡΧΙΑ, ΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΠΑΡΧΙΑ (toparchia) is a compound of two Greek words: τόπος (topos), meaning 'place' or 'region', and ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'rule', 'dominion', or 'beginning'. Thus, it literally means 'rule of a place' or 'region of rule', referring to an administrative district.

G2491

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oh-AN-nays

Translations: John

Notes: This is a common male proper name of Hebrew origin, meaning 'Yahweh is gracious' or 'God is gracious'. It is used to refer to various individuals named John, such as John the Baptist or the Apostle John. It functions as the subject of a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Ἰωάννης (Ioannes) is derived from the Hebrew name Yochanan (יוֹחָנָן), which means 'Yahweh is gracious'. It was a very common name in ancient Israel and continued to be popular in the Hellenistic and Roman periods.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: ess-SAI-oss

Translations: Essene, an Essene

Notes: This word refers to an Essene, a member of a Jewish ascetic sect that flourished from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century AD. They were known for their communal living, strict adherence to Jewish law, and celibacy. It can be used as a noun to refer to an Essene person or as an adjective to describe something related to the Essenes.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The origin of the name 'Essene' is uncertain, but it is believed to be derived from a Semitic root, possibly related to 'pious' or 'healers'.

G4755

Part of Speech: Verb (Future Participle)

Sounds like: strah-tay-GAY-son

Translations: about to be a general, who will be a general, to command, to lead an army, to act as a general

Notes: This word is a future participle derived from the verb 'strategos', meaning 'to be a general' or 'to lead an army'. As a future participle, it describes an action that will happen in the future, often translated as 'about to' or 'who will'. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantivally, acting as a noun itself, referring to someone who will perform the action of being a general or commanding.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Future Active Participle

Synonyms: ΗΓΗΣΩΝ, ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΕΛΕΥΣΩΝ

G3992

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEMF-thay

Translations: he was sent, she was sent, it was sent

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to send'. The form provided, 'ἘΠΕΜΦΘΗ', is the third person singular, aorist indicative, passive voice. It describes an action that happened in the past, where the subject received the action of being sent.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΣΤΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΜΠΩ is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages, suggesting an ancient root related to movement or sending.

G4360

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ke-KLE-roh-toh

Translations: had been allotted, had been assigned by lot, had been appointed by lot

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from πρός (pros, "to, toward") and κληρόω (kleroo, "to allot, assign by lot"). It means to have been assigned or allotted something, typically by means of casting lots or by divine appointment. It describes a state of having received an allocation or designation.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative or Optative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΛΗΡΟΩ, ΑΠΟΝΕΜΩ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Etymology: The word προσκληρόω is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning "to, toward, in addition to," and the verb κληρόω (kleroo), meaning "to cast lots, to obtain by lot, to assign by lot." The root κλῆρος (kleros) originally referred to a lot or portion.

G2447

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-OP-pay

Translations: Joppa

Notes: Joppa is a significant ancient port city located on the Mediterranean coast of Israel, known today as Jaffa. It served as a major maritime gateway for trade and travel in biblical times, notably mentioned in the Old Testament as the port from which Jonah attempted to flee from God, and in the New Testament as the place where Peter raised Tabitha from the dead.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Joppa' is of Semitic origin, likely derived from the Hebrew word 'Yapho' (יָפוֹ), meaning 'beautiful' or 'fair'. It has been known by various names throughout history, but Joppa is its most common Greek form.

G2532, G1695

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Proper Noun

Sounds like: kahee em-mah-OOS

Translations: and Emmaus, also Emmaus

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the conjunction 'καί' (kai), meaning 'and' or 'also', and the proper noun 'Ἐμμαοῦς' (Emmaous), which refers to Emmaus, a village mentioned in the New Testament. The phrase means 'and Emmaus' or 'also Emmaus', indicating a connection or addition to Emmaus. It is used to link Emmaus with another place or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect (for 'καί'); Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter (for 'Ἐμμαοῦς')

G2232

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hay-geh-MOHN

Translations: ruler, a ruler, governor, a governor, leader, a leader, chief, a chief, commander, a commander, prince, a prince

Notes: This word refers to a leader, ruler, or governor. It can denote someone in a position of authority, such as a provincial governor appointed by a higher power, or a general leading an army. It can also refer to someone who guides or leads in a more general sense, like a chief or a guide.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. The suffix -μων (-mōn) indicates an agent or instrument, thus 'one who leads'.

G0584

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-DEEK-nyoo-teh

Translations: is shown, is demonstrated, is proved, is appointed, is declared

Notes: This word means 'to be shown, demonstrated, or proved'. It can also mean 'to be appointed' or 'to be declared'. It is used to indicate that something is being made clear, evident, or established as true, or that someone is being formally designated for a role. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and 'δείκνυμι' (deiknymi), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out'.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΚΝΥΤΑΙ, ΦΑΙΝΕΤΑΙ, ΔΗΛΟΥΤΑΙ

G4755

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-tay-GHEE-ah

Translations: strategy, generalship, military command, office of a general, a strategy

Notes: This word refers to the office, rank, or function of a military general (strategos). It can also denote the art or science of military command, or a specific plan or maneuver used in warfare or leadership. It describes the overall direction and planning of military operations or, more broadly, any large-scale plan to achieve a goal.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΗΓΕΜΟΝΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΙΑ is derived from the Greek word ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΣ (strategos), meaning 'general' or 'commander'. This, in turn, comes from ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ (stratos), meaning 'army', and ΑΓΩ (ago), meaning 'to lead'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TON-TAW-tay

Translations: (of) these, (of) these things, (to) this, (to) this one

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the genitive plural masculine/neuter definite article 'ΤΩΝ' (the) and the dative singular feminine demonstrative pronoun 'ΤΑΥΤΗ' (this). It means 'of these' or 'of these things' when referring to the genitive plural, and 'to this' or 'to this one' when referring to the dative singular feminine. The combination suggests a phrase like 'of these, to this (woman/thing)'. It is likely a scribal error or a very unusual contraction, as these two words would typically appear separately.

Inflection: Compound of Genitive Plural (Masculine or Neuter) and Dative Singular Feminine

G3735

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: okh-yoo-ROH-tah-tay

Translations: strongest, most fortified, most secure, the strongest, the most fortified, the most secure

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'ὈΧΥΡΟΣ', meaning 'strong' or 'fortified'. As a superlative, it indicates the highest degree of the quality, thus 'strongest' or 'most fortified'. It is used to describe something that is exceedingly strong, secure, or well-fortified, such as a city, a position, or a defense. In this form, it is feminine singular.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine, Superlative

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΗ, ἸΣΧΥΡΟΤΑΤΗ

Etymology: The word ὈΧΥΡΟΣ (ochyros) comes from the Greek verb ὀχυρόω (ochyroo), meaning 'to fortify' or 'to make strong'. It is related to ὀχυρός (ochyros), meaning 'firm' or 'stronghold'.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G4100

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: peh-pis-TEV-meh-nah

Translations: things entrusted, things committed, things believed, things put in trust

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle, neuter plural, of the verb 'ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ' (pisteuō), meaning 'to believe' or 'to trust'. As a participle, it functions adjectivally or substantively. In the neuter plural, it typically refers to 'the things that have been entrusted' or 'the things that have been believed/committed'. It describes something that has been reliably handed over or confided in, often implying a responsibility or a truth that has been accepted.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΚΑΤΑΘΗΚΗ, ΠΑΡΑΘΗΚΗ

G1056

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ten-ga-li-LAI-an

Translations: Galilee, the Galilee

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Galilee, a region in northern ancient Israel. The word is a compound of the definite article 'the' (τὴν) and the proper noun 'Galilee' (Γαλιλαίαν), indicating that it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition that takes the accusative case. It is used to specify 'the Galilee' as a particular place.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: From Hebrew גָּלִיל (galíl), meaning 'circle' or 'region', referring to the circular region of Galilee.

G2064

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: el-THOHN

Translations: having come, when he came, after coming, coming

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed before the main verb's action. It often functions adverbially, indicating the time or circumstance of the main action, such as 'when he came' or 'after he had come'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΗΚΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-ton

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G2036

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: TON-eh-pee-KHO-ree-ohn

Translations: of the local, of the native, of the inhabitants, of the people of the country

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (EPI), meaning 'upon' or 'among', and the noun ΧΩΡΑ (CHORA), meaning 'land' or 'country'. It describes something or someone belonging to or characteristic of a particular place or country, hence 'local' or 'native'. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin for multiple entities.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΓΧΩΡΙΟΣ, ΕΝΤΟΠΙΟΣ

G1492

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ay-DOHS

Translations: knowing, one who knows, he who knows

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'to know'. It describes someone who is in a state of knowing or has knowledge. It can function like an adjective, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who knows').

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩΝ, ἘΠΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The verb οἶδα (oida) is an ancient Greek verb meaning 'to know'. It is a perfect tense form that functions as a present tense in meaning, indicating a state of knowing resulting from a past act of seeing or perceiving. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, meaning 'to see, to know'.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOW-tay

Translations: of this, to this, by this, with this, this

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific that is near the speaker or has just been mentioned. As a feminine singular form, it can function as either a genitive case, indicating possession or origin (e.g., 'of this woman'), or a dative case, indicating indirect object or means (e.g., 'to this woman' or 'by means of this'). Its precise meaning depends on the context and the preposition it might be used with.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Genitive or Dative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΗ, ΕΚΕΙΝΗ

Etymology: The word 'οὗτος' (houtos), from which 'ταύτῃ' is derived, is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek. It is believed to have originated from a combination of the definite article and a pronominal stem, indicating proximity or reference to something previously mentioned.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PLAY-stah

Translations: most, very many, very much, a most, the most

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As a superlative, it translates to 'most' or 'very many/much'. It is used to describe the greatest quantity or degree of something. For example, 'πλεῖστα χρήματα' would mean 'most money' or 'very much money'.

Inflection: Superlative, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΜΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΛΕΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys) comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'much' or 'many'.

G2720

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tor-THOH-see

Translations: he/she/it will make straight, he/she/it will set right, he/she/it will succeed, he/she/it will prosper

Notes: This word describes the action of making something straight, setting it right, or achieving success and prosperity. It implies a positive outcome or a correct alignment. It is used to indicate that someone or something will achieve a desired state or result.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΕΥΟΔΟΩ, ΠΡΟΚΟΠΤΩ, ΕΥΘΥΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΟΡΘΟΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and the verb ὀρθόω (orthoo), meaning 'to make straight' or 'to set upright'. Thus, it literally means 'to make thoroughly straight' or 'to set completely right'.

G243

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAHL-lah

Translations: the others, the rest, other things

Notes: This word is a contraction of the definite article 'τά' (the) and the adjective/pronoun 'ἄλλα' (other, different). It refers to 'the other things' or 'the rest' in a neuter plural sense. It is used to indicate the remaining items or people in a group, or things that are distinct from those already mentioned.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΛΟΙΠΑ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΑ

Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'.

G4923

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soon-ee-DON

Translations: having seen, having perceived, having understood, having considered, having observed

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having seen' or 'having perceived'. It describes an action completed in the past that leads to a subsequent action or state. It is often used to indicate that someone has taken notice of something, understood a situation, or considered a matter before acting.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΙΔΩΝ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΗΣΑΣ, ΓΝΟΥΣ

G1415

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: doo-na-TOOS

Translations: powerful, mighty, able, strong, capable, of the powerful, of the mighty, to the powerful, to the mighty

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning powerful, mighty, or able. It describes someone or something possessing great strength, authority, or capability. It can be used to describe individuals who are influential or have significant power, or things that are possible or achievable. In its plural form, it often refers to 'powerful ones' or 'mighty men' when used substantively.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative or Genitive

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ

G3616

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oy-kee-OH-seh-tay

Translations: will be made one's own, will be appropriated, will be brought into relationship, will be reconciled

Notes: This word is the future passive indicative, third person singular, of the verb 'οἰκειόω'. It describes an action where someone or something will be brought into a close relationship, made one's own, or reconciled. It implies a process of assimilation or adoption into a familiar or intimate sphere.

Inflection: Future, Passive, Indicative, Singular, Third Person

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΟΙΚΕΙΟΩ, ΣΥΝΟΙΚΕΙΟΩ

Etymology: From 'οἰκεῖος' (oikeios), meaning 'belonging to a house, domestic, intimate, proper', which in turn comes from 'οἶκος' (oikos), meaning 'house'. The verb 'οἰκειόω' means to make something one's own, to appropriate, or to bring into a close relationship.

G3330

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tah-DEE-doos

Translations: giving a share, sharing, imparting, distributing

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'μετά' (with, among) and 'δίδωμι' (to give). It means to give a share of something, to impart, or to distribute. It implies sharing something that one possesses with others, often in the sense of giving a portion or a part. It is used to describe the act of sharing resources, authority, or even knowledge.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative Masculine Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΕΩ, ΜΕΡΙΖΩ

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: PAN

Translations: all, every, whole, everything, a whole

Notes: This word is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. For example, it can mean 'all things' or 'everything' when used substantively, or 'the whole' when modifying a singular noun. It can also be used to mean 'every' when referring to individual items within a group.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- meaning 'to protect, feed'. Its meaning evolved to 'all' or 'whole' in Greek.

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G2037

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ep-ee-KHO-ree-ohn

Translations: (of) natives, (of) local inhabitants, (of) people of the country

Notes: This word refers to something or someone belonging to a particular place or country, meaning 'local' or 'native'. As an adjective, it describes people or things that are indigenous to a specific region. The form ἘΠΙΧΩΡΙΩΝ is the genitive plural, indicating 'of the natives' or 'of the local people'. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, over) and 'χώρα' (country, land).

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἘΓΧΩΡΙΩΝ, ἘΝΤΟΠΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΧΩΡΙΟΣ is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the noun χώρα (chōra), meaning 'country' or 'land'. It describes something that is 'upon the land' or 'belonging to the land'.

G2532, G4914

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adjective

Sounds like: kahee-sy-NAY-thone

Translations: and familiar, and customary, and habitual, and accustomed, and usual

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction 'καί' (kai), meaning 'and' or 'also', and the genitive plural form of the adjective 'συνήθης' (synēthēs), meaning 'familiar', 'customary', or 'habitual'. Together, it means 'and familiar' or 'and customary'. It describes things or people that are well-known or in accordance with established practice.

Inflection: Conjunction, Adjective: Genitive, Plural, All genders

G1094

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: gee-RAI-ohn

Translations: of old men, of aged ones, of elders

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'aged' or 'old'. In this form, it is used substantively, referring to 'old men' or 'elders'. It describes a group of people who are advanced in years. It is often used in contexts referring to wisdom or experience associated with age.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΩΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΓΗΡΑΙΟΣ (geraios) comes from γῆρας (gēras), meaning 'old age'. It describes something or someone characterized by old age.

G4998

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: toos-soh-froh-NES-tah-toos

Translations: the most prudent, the most self-controlled, the most temperate, the most sensible

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the definite article 'the' (τοὺς) and the superlative form of the adjective 'σώφρων' (sōphrōn). It refers to those who are the most prudent, self-controlled, or sensible. It is used to describe a group of people who exhibit the highest degree of these qualities.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative, Superlative

Synonyms: ΕΓΚΡΑΤΕΣΤΑΤΟΥΣ, ΝΗΦΑΛΙΩΤΑΤΟΥΣ

G1951

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-LEK-sas

Translations: having chosen, having selected, having picked out

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having chosen' or 'having selected'. It describes an action that has been completed before the main verb of the sentence. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and indicates that the subject of the main verb is the one who performed the action of choosing or selecting.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΩ, ΕΚΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-noos

Translations: of a nation, of the nation, of a people, of the people, of a Gentile, of the Gentile, of a heathen, of the heathen

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people, or a race, often used in the context of non-Israelite peoples or Gentiles. It can also refer to a group of people united by common descent, language, or culture. In the New Testament, it frequently distinguishes between Jews and non-Jews (Gentiles).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ, ΓΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'), suggesting a group united by common customs.

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: OH-les-tays

Translations: unknown

Notes: It's not clear what this word means. It appears to be a misspelling or a very rare variant of a known Koine Greek word. It strongly resembles "ΟΛΕΤΗΣ" (oletēs), which means "destroyer" or "ruiner," or perhaps "ΟΛΙΣΘΗΣ" (olisthēs), related to slipping or falling. Without further context or clarification, its exact meaning and usage are uncertain. It could be garbled or badly misspelled.

Inflection: Unknown

Etymology: Cannot find any information about the origin of this specific word form, as it appears to be a misspelling or a very rare variant.

G2127

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-teh-les-TEH-rohn

Translations: of cheaper, of more common, of more insignificant, of more contemptible

Notes: This word is a comparative adjective, meaning 'cheaper,' 'more common,' 'more insignificant,' or 'more contemptible.' It describes something that is of lesser value, importance, or esteem compared to something else. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating that they possess the quality of being cheap or insignificant to a greater degree.

Inflection: Comparative Degree, Genitive Case, Plural Number, All Genders

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΣΣΟΝΩΝ, ΜΙΚΡΟΤΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΤΕΛΗΣ (eutelēs) comes from the prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'well' or 'good,' and ΤΕΛΟΣ (telos), meaning 'end,' 'purpose,' or 'cost.' Thus, it originally referred to something that was 'of good cost' or 'inexpensive,' evolving to mean 'cheap,' 'common,' or 'insignificant.'

G1313

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: dee-ah-foh-RON

Translations: different, various, diverse, excellent, more excellent, a different, a various

Notes: This word describes something that is distinct, diverse, or of a different kind. It can also imply superiority or excellence, meaning 'more excellent' or 'better'. In the provided context, it refers to 'various' or 'different' things, likely in the sense of different sums or types of money. It is often used to compare one thing to another, highlighting their differences.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ, ΑΛΛΟΣ, ΠΟΙΚΙΛΟΣ

G5406

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: foh-ni-KAS

Translations: murderous, deadly, homicidal, pertaining to murder

Notes: This word describes something related to murder or bloodshed. It can refer to a person who is murderous or a thing that is deadly or pertains to murder, such as 'murderous cases' or 'homicidal judgments'.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΔΡΟΦΟΝΟΣ, ΘΑΝΑΤΗΦΟΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word φόνος (phonos), meaning 'murder' or 'slaughter', combined with the adjectival suffix -ικός (-ikos), indicating 'pertaining to' or 'of the nature of'.

G2525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-stee-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having appointed, having set up, having established, having made, having put in charge

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from κατά (kata, 'down' or 'against') and ἵστημι (histēmi, 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'). It means to set down, appoint, establish, or put someone in charge. As a participle, it describes an action completed by the subject before the main verb of the sentence, often translated as 'having appointed' or 'having established'. It can be used in various contexts, such as appointing officials, establishing laws, or setting up a structure.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΟΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word καθίστημι (kathistēmi) is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. The combination implies setting something down or establishing it firmly.

G3551

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: NOH-mee-mah

Translations: lawful, legal, customary, ordinances, statutes, laws, a lawful thing, lawful things

Notes: This word refers to things that are lawful, legal, or customary. It can describe actions or objects that are in accordance with established law, custom, or tradition. When used as a noun, it often refers to specific laws, statutes, or ordinances.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΙ, ΔΙΚΑΙΑ, ΕΝΤΟΛΑΙ

Etymology: The word derives from the Greek word ΝΟΜΟΣ (nomos), meaning 'law' or 'custom'.

G2596, G4172

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: kah-tah-POH-lin

Translations: city by city, throughout the city, in every city, according to the city

Notes: This is a compound adverbial phrase formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata) meaning 'down, according to' and the noun 'πόλις' (polis) meaning 'city'. It is used to describe an action or state that applies to each city individually or extends across all cities. For example, it might be used to say that something happened 'city by city' or that a rule applied 'in every city'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial phrase)

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G5562

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-HOH-rei

Translations: had room, contained, made room, went, proceeded, advanced, withdrew

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'χωρέω'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can mean to have room, to contain, to make room for, or to go/proceed/advance. The specific meaning often depends on the context, especially whether it's used with a direct object or in a spatial sense.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ

Etymology: From 'χῶρος' (chōros), meaning 'place' or 'space'. The verb 'χωρέω' thus relates to moving into or having space.

G1097, G4514

Part of Speech: Verb, Noun

Sounds like: gih-NOH-skohn ROH-mai-oos

Translations: knowing Romans, a knowing of Romans

Notes: This word appears to be a compound or a typographical error, combining the present active participle of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginosko), meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive', with the accusative plural of the noun 'Ῥωμαῖος' (Rhomaios), meaning 'Roman' or 'belonging to Rome'. If it were two separate words, 'ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩΝ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ' would mean 'knowing Romans' or 'one who knows Romans'. It describes someone who is in the act of knowing or recognizing the Romans.

Inflection: Participle (Present, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative) and Noun (Masculine, Plural, Accusative)

G4260

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-em-bal-LOON-tas

Translations: sending ahead, throwing ahead, casting ahead, dispatching ahead

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προεμβάλλω', which means 'to throw or cast ahead', 'to send ahead', or 'to dispatch in advance'. It describes an action of sending something or someone forward before a main event or arrival, often with the purpose of preparation or provision. It is a compound word formed from 'πρό' (pro, meaning 'before' or 'forward') and 'ἐμβάλλω' (emballō, meaning 'to throw in' or 'to cast').

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΠΕΜΠΩ, ΠΡΟΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ

G2039

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-TEE-day-ah

Translations: suitable, fit, proper, convenient, necessary, useful, provisions, necessities, supplies, a provision, a necessity, a supply

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning suitable, fit, or proper. In its neuter plural form, as seen here, it often functions as a noun meaning 'provisions,' 'necessities,' or 'supplies' – things that are suitable or necessary for a particular purpose, such as food, equipment, or resources. It describes something that is appropriate or useful for a given situation or need.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΚΑΙΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΣ, ΕΥ̓ΘΕΤΟΣ

G5432

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-TEH-khee-zen

Translations: he was fortifying, he was walling, he was building a wall

Notes: This word describes the action of building a wall or fortifying a place. It implies an ongoing or repeated action in the past. For example, it could be used to say 'he was building a wall around the city' or 'he was fortifying the defenses'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΚΤΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΤΕΙΧΙΖΩ (teichizō) comes from the noun ΤΕΙΧΟΣ (teichos), meaning 'wall' or 'fortification'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oh-TAH-pah-tah

Translations: Jotapata

Notes: Jotapata was a fortified city in Galilee, a region in ancient Israel. It is historically significant for the siege it endured during the First Jewish-Roman War (66-73 AD), as described by the historian Josephus, who commanded the Jewish forces there. It is always used to refer to this specific location.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive (depending on context, e.g., ἸΩΤΑΠΑΤΑΝ is accusative, ἸΩΤΑΠΑΤΑ is nominative, ἸΩΤΑΠΑΤΑΣ is genitive)

Etymology: The origin of the name 'Jotapata' is not definitively known, but it is a place name of ancient Semitic origin, likely pre-Greek.

G0966

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ber-sah-BEH

Translations: Beersheba, Bathsheba

Notes: This is a proper noun that can refer to two distinct entities. It most commonly refers to Beersheba, an ancient city in the southern part of Israel, known for its wells and its significance in biblical narratives. It can also refer to Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite and later King David, and the mother of Solomon. Its usage depends on the context, indicating either a geographical location or a person.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Locative

Etymology: The name 'Beersheba' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'well of the oath' or 'well of seven'. The name 'Bathsheba' is also of Hebrew origin, meaning 'daughter of the oath' or 'daughter of seven'.

G2089, G1161

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: EH-tee DEH

Translations: still, yet, moreover, and, but, now

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the adverb 'ἘΤΙ' (eti) meaning 'still' or 'yet', and the postpositive conjunction 'ΔΕ' (de) meaning 'and', 'but', or 'now'. When combined, 'ἘΤΙ ΔΕ' often functions as a phrase meaning 'moreover', 'furthermore', 'and still', or 'but still', indicating an addition or continuation of a thought, often with a slight contrast or emphasis.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙ, ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-AH-fah

Translations: Iapha

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely a personal name. It is not a common word in Koine Greek texts and may be a variant spelling or a less common name. The provided examples show similar names like 'ἸΑΦΑΛΗΛ' and 'ἸΑΦΑΗΛ', suggesting 'ἸΑΦΑ' could be related or a distinct but similarly structured name.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The etymology of this specific form 'ἸΑΦΑ' is not clearly documented in standard Koine Greek lexicons. It is likely of Hebrew or Aramaic origin, as many proper names in the Septuagint and New Testament are transliterations from these languages.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: see-GOHF

Translations: Sigoph

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely referring to a place or town. In historical texts, it is mentioned alongside other fortified locations, suggesting it was a settlement, possibly a fortress or a village that was fortified. It is not a common word in biblical Koine Greek.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The etymology of 'Sigoph' is uncertain, as it is not a common Greek word. It may be of Semitic origin, given its geographical context in ancient Judea/Galilee, but specific information is not readily available.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ka-loo-MEH-nayn

Translations: called, named, being called, being named, the one called, the one named

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to name'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that is being called or named. It can be used to introduce a descriptive phrase or clause, often indicating a characteristic or identity.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

G5026

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-TEH-khee-SAH-toh

Translations: he fortified, she fortified, it fortified, he built a wall, she built a wall, it built a wall

Notes: This word is the aorist indicative, third person singular, middle voice of the verb ΤΕΙΧΙΖΩ (teichizō). It means 'to fortify oneself' or 'to build a wall for oneself'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, where the subject is also the beneficiary or agent of the action, often implying self-defense or self-provision.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Third Person, Singular, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΚΤΙΖΩ

G4377

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-ah-go-REH-oo-men-ayn

Translations: called, named, addressed as, a called, a named, an addressed as

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being called' or 'being named'. It describes something or someone that is referred to by a particular name or title. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, indicating that the noun is the one being called or named. For example, 'the city called Jerusalem' or 'the man named John'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΗΝ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΗΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ (prosagoreuō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ (agoreuō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to proclaim'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak to' or 'to address', which evolved to mean 'to name' or 'to call by name'.

H8217

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: seh-FAR-vah-eem

Translations: Sepharvaim

Notes: This word is a proper noun referring to Sepharvaim, an ancient city in Mesopotamia, mentioned in the Old Testament. It was one of the cities from which the Assyrian king brought people to settle in Samaria after the exile of the Israelites. The inhabitants of Sepharvaim worshipped their own gods, Adrammelech and Anammelech, and were known for sacrificing their children by fire to these deities.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The name Sepharvaim is of Semitic origin, likely Akkadian or Aramaic, referring to a city or region. It appears in the Hebrew Bible and is transliterated into Greek.

G3735

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: O-khoo-RO-sen

Translations: fortified, strengthened, made strong, secured

Notes: This word means to fortify, strengthen, or make secure. It is often used in the context of building or reinforcing defenses, such as cities, walls, or gates, to protect them from attack. It describes the action of making something robust and impregnable.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΙΣΧΥΩ, ΚΡΑΤΥΝΩ

Etymology: The word ὀχυρόω (ochyroo) comes from ὀχυρός (ochyros), meaning 'strong, firm, secure', which is related to ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have, hold'.

G3441, G1161

Part of Speech: Adjective, Conjunction

Sounds like: MOH-noys-DEH

Translations: (to) alone, (to) only, (to) solitary, but (to) alone, and (to) only

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΙΣ' (monois) and the postpositive particle 'ΔΕ' (de). 'ΜΟΝΟΙΣ' means 'alone' or 'only' and is in the dative plural case, indicating 'to/for those who are alone' or 'to/for the only ones'. 'ΔΕ' is a conjunction meaning 'but', 'and', or 'moreover', often used to introduce a new point or contrast. Together, 'ΜΟΝΟΙΣΔΕ' means 'but to/for the only ones' or 'and to/for those alone', emphasizing a specific group or individual.

Inflection: ΜΟΝΟΙΣ: Plural, Dative, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter). ΔΕ: Does not inflect.

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΙΣ, ΜΟΝΟΙ

G2137

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-FEE-keh

Translations: he sent, he let go, he allowed, he permitted, he imposed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ἐφίημι (ephíēmi). It generally means 'to send to, to let go, to allow, to permit, or to impose'. In context, it often describes an action completed in the past by a single subject, such as 'he sent' or 'he allowed'. It can refer to sending something or someone to a place, or granting permission for an action, or even imposing a task or burden.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΦΗΚΕ, ΕΠΕΤΡΕΨΕΝ, ΕΞΑΠΕΣΤΕΙΛΕΝ

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G0322

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-DEI-mas-thai

Translations: to build up again, to rebuild, to restore

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to build up again' or 'to rebuild'. It refers to the act of constructing something anew, often after it has been destroyed or fallen into disrepair. It can be used in contexts where physical structures are being restored or reconstructed.

Inflection: Aorist, Infinitive, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ἈΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ἈΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and δείμω (deimo), meaning 'to build'. It signifies the action of building something back up or anew.

G1510

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tas

Translations: being, existing, those who are, those who exist

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (ΕἸΜΙ), inflected in the masculine accusative plural. It describes individuals or things that are currently in a state of being or existence. It can be translated as 'being' or 'existing', often referring to 'those who are' or 'those who exist' in a particular state or place, especially when used substantively (as a noun). For example, it might refer to 'those who are present' or 'those who are alive'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

G2753

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: keh-LEF-san-tos

Translations: (of) having commanded, (of) having ordered, (of) having urged, (of) having directed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κελεύω', meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. As a genitive participle, it often indicates the agent or cause of an action, translating to 'of one who commanded' or 'when he commanded'. It describes someone who has given an order or instruction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word 'κελεύω' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'κέλλω' (to drive, to urge).

G0243

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-loys

Translations: to others, for others, with others, other, another

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'with'. It is a common word used to distinguish one group or item from another.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G2042, G537

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: eh-ROO-mah-sin-AH-pah-sin

Translations: to all fortifications, to all defenses, to all bulwarks

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the dative plural of ἔρυμα (eryma), meaning 'fortification' or 'defense', and the dative plural of ἅπας (hapas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. Together, it means 'to all fortifications' or 'to all defenses'. It is used to refer to the collective entirety of defensive structures or strongholds.

Inflection: Compound, Dative, Plural, Neuter (for ἔρυμα), Masculine, Feminine or Neuter (for ἅπας)

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G4367

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pros-TAS-sohn

Translations: commanding, ordering, enjoining, appointing, instructing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'prostassō', meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. It describes someone who is in the act of giving a command, instruction, or order. It implies authority and the expectation that the command will be followed. It can be used to describe a person who is issuing directives or setting rules.

Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΕΛΕΥΩΝ, ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word προστάσσω (prostassō) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to order'. Thus, it literally means 'to arrange towards' or 'to set in order for', leading to the meaning 'to command' or 'to appoint'.

G3918, G3867

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EEN

Translations: was present, were present, was advising, was exhorting, was encouraging

Notes: This word is an inflected form that can come from two different Koine Greek verbs. It can be the imperfect active indicative, third person singular or plural, of ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, meaning 'to be present' or 'to be at hand'. In this sense, it describes someone or something being in a particular place or situation. Alternatively, it can be the imperfect active indicative, third person singular, of ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ, meaning 'to advise', 'to exhort', or 'to encourage'. The specific meaning depends on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular or Plural (from ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ); Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular (from ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ)

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΗΜΕΩ, ΣΥΜΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

G2693, G1161

Part of Speech: Verb, Conjunction

Sounds like: kah-teh-LEK-sen-deh

Translations: he chose, he selected, he enrolled, he counted, and he chose, but he chose, moreover he chose

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the verb καταλέγω (katalegō) and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de). The verb καταλέγω means 'to choose,' 'to select,' 'to enroll,' or 'to count.' The conjunction δέ adds a sense of 'but,' 'and,' or 'moreover,' often indicating a transition or continuation in the narrative. The combined form indicates that someone chose, selected, or enrolled something, with the added nuance of the conjunction.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular (for καταλέγω); Does not inflect (for δέ)

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΩ, ΕΚΛΕΓΩ, ΛΕΓΩ

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G3501

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: neh-OHN

Translations: of new, of young, of new things, of young people

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΝΕΟΣ' (neos), which means 'new' or 'young'. It is used to describe something that is fresh, recent, or in an early stage of development, or to refer to people who are young in age. As a genitive plural, it typically translates as 'of new things' or 'of young people', indicating possession, origin, or relationship.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'new'. It is related to the Latin 'novus' and English 'new'.

G4863

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soo-leh-go-MEH-non

Translations: being gathered, being collected, of those being gathered, of those being collected

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'συλλέγω' (syllegō), meaning 'to gather together' or 'to collect'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing or in progress, functioning like an adjective to modify a noun, or sometimes as a noun itself. In this form, it refers to things or people that are in the process of being gathered or collected.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΑΘΡΟΙΖΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G3820

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pa-LAI-ohn

Translations: of old, of ancient, of former, of worn out

Notes: This word describes something as old, ancient, or worn out by age. It can refer to things that have existed for a long time, or to people who are advanced in years. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin from multiple old or ancient things/people.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From πάλαι (palai), meaning 'long ago, formerly'. It refers to something that has existed for a long time.

G1723

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eng-ka-tas-ke-VAH-zo-me-nos

Translations: being prepared, being equipped, being furnished, being fitted out, being made ready

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being prepared' or 'being equipped'. It describes something or someone that is in the process of being made ready or fitted out for a specific purpose. It is a compound word formed from the prefix 'ἐν' (in), 'κατά' (down, thoroughly), and 'σκευάζω' (to prepare, to make ready).

Inflection: Present, Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The verb 'ἐγκατασκευάζω' (egkataskeuazo) is a compound of 'ἐν' (en, 'in'), 'κατά' (kata, 'down' or 'thoroughly'), and 'σκευάζω' (skeuazo, 'to prepare' or 'to make ready'). The root 'σκευάζω' is related to 'σκεῦος' (skeuos), meaning 'vessel' or 'implement', implying the act of making or preparing something for use.

G1899

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEY-tah

Translations: then, afterward, next, after that, thereupon

Notes: This word is a temporal adverb meaning 'then' or 'afterward'. It is used to indicate a sequence of events, showing that one action or state follows another in time. It can introduce the next step in a narrative or a logical progression.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΠΕΙ, ἘΠΕΙΔΗ, ἘΠΙΤΟ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, after') and the particle εἶτα (eita, 'then, next'). It signifies a temporal sequence, indicating what comes after something else.

G0279

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-EET-tay-ton

Translations: unconquerable, invincible, unbeatable, an unconquerable thing

Notes: This word describes something that cannot be defeated or overcome. It signifies a state of being invincible or unassailable, often used to describe strength, power, or a force that cannot be subdued.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΝΙΚΗΤΟΣ, ΑΔΟΥΛΩΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix 'α-' (a-) meaning 'not' or 'un-', and 'ηττητος' (hettētos), meaning 'conquered' or 'defeated'. Thus, it literally means 'not conquered' or 'unconquerable'.

G1096, G2138

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ge-ge-NEE-me-nen-eu-PEI-thei-a

Translations: obedience that has come into being, acquired obedience, an obedience that has been produced

Notes: This word is a compound of the perfect participle of 'γίνομαι' (to become, to be, to happen) and the noun 'εὐπείθεια' (obedience). It describes an obedience that has been brought into existence or has come about. It is an unusual and likely unique compound, possibly formed for specific rhetorical emphasis, or it could be a transcription error where two words were joined without a space.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

G3192

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-LEH-tay

Translations: care, a care, study, a study, practice, a practice, meditation, a meditation

Notes: This word refers to careful thought, diligent study, or practice. It can describe the act of preparing for something, or the continuous application of one's mind to a subject. It implies a focused and often repetitive mental or physical exercise.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΠΟΥΔΗ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ

Etymology: From μέλω (melō, "to care for, be an object of care"). It refers to the act of caring or being concerned with something, which leads to the meaning of study or practice.

G1319, G630

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: Did-as-ka-LEE-an a-PEG-no

Translations: teaching, instruction, doctrine, gave up, despaired of, renounced

Notes: This appears to be a compound phrase or two words run together: 'ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑΝ' (didaskalian) and 'ἈΠΕΓΝΩ' (apegno). 'ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑΝ' means 'teaching' or 'instruction' and is in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb. 'ἈΠΕΓΝΩ' is a verb meaning 'he/she/it gave up,' 'despaired of,' or 'renounced.' Together, the phrase would mean 'he/she/it gave up the teaching' or 'renounced the instruction.'

Inflection: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑΝ: Singular, Accusative, Feminine. ἈΠΕΓΝΩ: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular.

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΧΗ, ἈΠΟΒΑΛΛΩ, ἈΠΟΡΡΙΠΤΩ

G1377

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-oh-KOH-meh-neen

Translations: being pursued, being persecuted, being chased, the one being pursued, the one being persecuted

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being pursued' or 'being persecuted'. It describes someone or something that is currently undergoing the action of being pursued or chased. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, referring to 'the one who is being pursued'.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΩΚΟΜΕΝΗ, ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΟΜΕΝΗ

G2138

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-PI-thess

Translations: obedient, compliant, submissive, tractable, an obedient one, a compliant one

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is easily persuaded, willing to obey, or readily compliant. It is often used to characterize a person or a group that is submissive to authority or instruction.

Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ὙΠΉΚΟΟΣ, ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΙΚΌΣ

Etymology: The word εὐπειθής (eupeithēs) is a compound word derived from εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and πείθω (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to obey'. Thus, it literally means 'well-persuaded' or 'easy to persuade/obey'.

G4064, G1537

Part of Speech: Participle, Preposition

Sounds like: peh-ree-GHI-noh-meh-non ek

Translations: surviving from, overcoming from, being superior from, coming into being from

Notes: This appears to be a concatenation of two separate Koine Greek words: the participle 'περιγινόμενον' (periginomenon) and the preposition 'ἐκ' (ek). 'Περιγινόμενον' means 'surviving,' 'overcoming,' 'being superior,' or 'coming into being around.' 'Ἐκ' means 'out of' or 'from.' When combined, it would mean 'surviving from,' 'overcoming from,' or 'coming into being from' something.

Inflection: Participle: Present, Middle/Passive, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative. Preposition: Does not inflect.

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thooss

Translations: of a multitude, of a crowd, of a great number, of a throng, of a quantity, of a great amount, of a fullness, of a great company

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things, a multitude, or a crowd. It can also denote a great amount or fullness. It is used to describe a large gathering of people or a significant quantity of something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΜΑ

Etymology: From the root *pleth-, related to the idea of being full or abundant. It is connected to the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁- meaning 'to fill'.

G2232

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hay-geh-MO-nohn

Translations: of leaders, of rulers, of governors, of commanders

Notes: This word refers to those who lead, rule, or command. It is used to describe individuals in positions of authority, such as governors, military commanders, or heads of state. It is a genitive plural form, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of leaders' or 'belonging to rulers'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΩΝ, ΔΥΝΑΣΤΩΝ

Etymology: From the verb ἡγέομαι (hēgeomai), meaning 'to lead, to guide, to think, to consider'.

G4514

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: roh-mai-KOH-teh-ron

Translations: more Roman, more like the Romans

Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'Roman' (ΡΩΜΑΙΚΟΣ). It means 'more Roman' or 'more like the Romans'. It is used to describe something that possesses the qualities or characteristics of the Romans to a greater degree than something else. For example, one might say a custom is 'more Roman' than another, implying it aligns more closely with Roman practices.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Comparative Degree

Etymology: The word 'ΡΩΜΑΙΚΟΣ' (Romaikos) is derived from 'Ῥώμη' (Rhōmē), meaning 'Rome', referring to the city and empire. The suffix '-ικος' (-ikos) is used to form adjectives indicating origin or belonging. The '-τερον' (-teron) ending indicates the comparative degree.

G5080

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-tem-nen

Translations: he was cutting, she was cutting, it was cutting, he cut, she cut, it cut

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'τέμνω' (temnō), meaning 'to cut'. The imperfect tense describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or an action that was in progress at a specific point in the past. It can be translated as 'he/she/it was cutting' or 'he/she/it used to cut'. It can also sometimes be translated as a simple past tense, 'he/she/it cut', especially when the ongoing nature is implied by context.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΟΠΤΩ, ΤΜΗΓΩ

G4756, G2532

Part of Speech: Noun, Conjunction

Sounds like: strah-tee-AHN-kahee

Translations: army, a host, a multitude, and, also, even, indeed, but

Notes: This is a compound word formed by 'ΣΤΡΑΤΙΑΝ' (strat-ee-AN) and 'ΚΑΙ' (kahee). 'ΣΤΡΑΤΙΑΝ' is the accusative singular form of 'ΣΤΡΑΤΙΑ', meaning 'army', 'host', or 'multitude'. 'ΚΑΙ' is a conjunction meaning 'and', 'also', 'even', or 'but'. Therefore, 'ΣΤΡΑΤΙΑΝΚΑΙ' would literally mean 'an army and' or 'a host and'. It is highly probable that this is a transcription error or a typo where the two words were accidentally joined together without a space.

Inflection: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΑΝ: Singular, Accusative, Feminine; ΚΑΙ: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

G2525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-THIS-ta-toh

Translations: was appointing, was establishing, was setting up, was making, was rendering, was constituting

Notes: This word describes the action of appointing, establishing, or setting someone or something in a particular position or state. It can also mean to make or render something into a certain condition. The form indicates a continuous or repeated action in the past, often implying that the subject was in the process of appointing or establishing.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΤΑΣΣΩ

G0584

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-DEIK-noo-en

Translations: was showing, was demonstrating, was proving, was appointing, was declaring

Notes: This word describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It means to show forth, to demonstrate, to prove, or to appoint someone to a position. It can also mean to declare or proclaim something.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΕΝΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΦΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, "from, away from") and δείκνυμι (deiknymi, "to show, to point out").

G1313

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ah-fo-RAS

Translations: differences, varieties, distinctions, (of) difference, (of) variety, (of) distinction

Notes: This word refers to a difference, distinction, or variety between things. It can describe the various kinds or types of something, or the quality of being distinct from others. It is often used to highlight the diversity or range within a category.

Inflection: Feminine, Genitive, Singular or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΣΤΟΛΗ, ΕΤΕΡΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the verb διαφέρω (diapherō), meaning 'to carry through, to differ', which is itself a compound of διά (dia, 'through, apart') and φέρω (pherō, 'to bear, carry').

G5293

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pe-TAS-sen

Translations: he was subjecting, he was subordinating, he was putting under, he was submitting

Notes: This word describes the action of placing someone or something under the authority or control of another, or of bringing something into subjection. In its imperfect tense, as seen here, it indicates a continuous or repeated action in the past, meaning 'he was continually subjecting' or 'he used to subject'. It can be used in various contexts, from military command to social hierarchy, implying a relationship of subordination.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΕΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπό (hypó, “under”) + τάσσω (tássō, “to arrange, to order”).

G1177

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: deh-kah-DAR-khais

Translations: to decadarchs, to leaders of ten

Notes: This word refers to military officers who commanded a unit of ten soldiers, similar to a corporal or squad leader. It is a compound word formed from 'δέκα' (deka), meaning 'ten', and 'ἄρχω' (archo), meaning 'to rule' or 'to lead'. It is used in the dative case, indicating the recipient or indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: The word ΔΕΚΑΔΑΡΧΗΣ is a compound of two Greek words: δέκα (deka), meaning 'ten', and ἄρχω (archo), meaning 'to rule' or 'to lead'. It describes someone who leads a group of ten.

G1543

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: heh-kah-ton-TAR-khais

Translations: to centurions, for centurions, with centurions, by centurions

Notes: This word refers to a centurion, a Roman military officer in command of a century (about 100 soldiers). It is a compound word derived from 'hekaton' (one hundred) and 'archos' (ruler/commander). In the provided examples, it is used in contexts relating to military command and organization.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΙΛΙΑΡΧΗΣ, ΔΕΚΑΔΑΡΧΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΑΤΟΝΤΑΡΧΗΣ is a compound of the Greek words ἑκατόν (hekaton), meaning 'one hundred', and ἀρχός (archos), meaning 'leader' or 'commander'. It describes someone who commands a unit of one hundred.

G2532, G1909

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-pee

Translations: and, also, even, upon, on, over, to, against, at, in, by

Notes: This word is a crasis (a contraction of two words into one) of the conjunction 'καὶ' (kai, meaning 'and', 'also', or 'even') and the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi, meaning 'upon', 'on', 'over', 'to', 'against', 'at', 'in', or 'by'). It functions as both 'and' and 'upon/on/etc.' simultaneously, indicating that something is 'and also upon' or 'and even on' a particular place or object. The specific meaning of 'ἐπί' depends on the case of the noun it governs (genitive, dative, or accusative).

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is a crasis of an uninflected conjunction and a preposition)

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΕΠΙ

G0083

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-droh-TEH-rohn

Translations: (of) more abundant, (of) more plentiful, (of) more mature, (of) more robust, (of) more weighty

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the comparative adjective 'adroteros', meaning 'more abundant' or 'more plentiful'. It describes something that is greater in quantity, size, or maturity compared to something else. It can refer to things that are more robust, weighty, or even more mature. As a genitive plural, it would typically modify a plural noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders, Comparative

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΟΝΩΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΝ, ΜΕΙΖΟΝΩΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'strong, thick'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'stout, thick, abundant'.

G0623

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-fay-goo-MEH-noos

Translations: relating, narrating, describing, recounting, telling, explaining

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'relating' or 'narrating'. It describes someone who is in the process of telling a story, recounting events, or explaining something in detail. It is often used to refer to those who are leaders or guides in the sense that they 'lead the way' by telling or explaining.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΕΞΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: From ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and ἡγέομαι (hēgeomai), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. The combination suggests 'leading forth' or 'guiding through a narrative'.

G4592

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: say-may-OHN

Translations: of signs, of marks, of tokens, of wonders, of miracles

Notes: This word refers to a sign, mark, or token, often indicating something else or serving as a distinguishing feature. In a broader sense, it can also denote a wonder or miracle, especially one that serves as proof or evidence of divine power or a significant event. It is used to refer to things that point to or signify something else.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΡΑΣ, ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΕΡΓΟΝ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to σῆμα (sēma), meaning 'sign' or 'mark'.

G300

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-KLEE-sace

Translations: recall, recalling, summons, a summons, restoration, a restoration

Notes: This word is a noun referring to the act of calling back, a recall, or a summons. It can also imply a restoration or recovery. In a military context, it might refer to a bugle call for retreat or assembly. In a general sense, it describes the action of bringing something or someone back.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΛΗΣΙΣ, ΕΠΙΚΛΗΣΙΣ, ΑΝΑΚΟΜΙΔΗ

Etymology: The word ἀνάκλησις (anaklēsis) is derived from the verb ἀνακαλέω (anakaleō), meaning 'to call back, recall, summon'. It is formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up, back', and the verb καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call'.

G2768

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: keh-RAH-tohn

Translations: of horns

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'κέρας' (keras), meaning 'horn'. It refers to the hard, bony projections on the heads of certain animals. Metaphorically, 'horn' can symbolize strength, power, or dominion. In a sentence, 'κεράτων' would be used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'the strength of horns' or 'made from horns'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'κέρας' (keras) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'horn'. It is related to words for horn in other Indo-European languages.

G4013

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-ree-ah-goh-GAS

Translations: (of) a turning about, (of) a leading around, (of) a circuit, (of) a revolution

Notes: This word refers to the act of turning or leading around, a circuit, or a revolution. It can describe a physical movement in a circular path or a more abstract change or transformation. In a military context, it could refer to flanking maneuvers or encirclement. It is a compound word formed from 'περί' (around) and 'ἀγωγή' (a leading, a bringing).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΦΟΡΑ, ΣΤΡΟΦΗ

G1163

Part of Speech: Impersonal Verb

Sounds like: DEH-ee

Translations: it is necessary, one must, it is proper, it behooves

Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'one must'. It expresses a strong sense of obligation, necessity, or inevitability. It is often used with an infinitive to indicate what must be done or what is destined to happen.

Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (to shine, to gleam), which developed into the sense of 'to be visible, to appear', and then 'to be proper, to be necessary'.

G2577

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: KAHM-non

Translations: being weary, being sick, being ill, toiling, suffering, a weary one, a sick one, an ill one

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κάμνω', meaning 'to be weary', 'to be sick', or 'to toil'. It describes someone who is in a state of weariness, illness, or suffering. It can function adjectivally to describe a person or thing, or substantively as 'the one who is weary' or 'the sick person'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΣΘΕΝΩΝ, ΚΑΚΩΣ

G1994

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-STREF-fain

Translations: to turn, to return, to turn back, to convert, to restore

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (upon, to) and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (to turn). It means to turn around, to turn back, or to return. It can be used literally to describe physical movement, or figuratively to describe a change in direction, attitude, or allegiance, often implying a conversion or restoration.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ἈΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (strephō), meaning 'to turn'.

G4014

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: too-peh-REE-on-tos

Translations: (of) the one who is superior, (of) the one who excels, (of) the one who survives, (of) the remainder, (of) the surplus

Notes: This word is a contraction of the definite article 'τοῦ' (of the) and the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the present active participle 'περίων' (being superior, excelling, surviving). It refers to that which is superior, excellent, or remaining. It can be used to describe someone who excels or something that is left over or in excess.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΩΝ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΣ

G3866

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: po-NOO-n-tee

Translations: toiling, laboring, suffering, being in pain, working hard, to one toiling, to one laboring, to one suffering, to one being in pain, to one working hard

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'πονέω' (poneō), meaning 'to toil,' 'to labor,' 'to suffer,' or 'to be in pain.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who is currently engaged in the action of toiling or suffering. In this dative singular form, it indicates the recipient or beneficiary of an action, or the person to whom something is happening, specifically 'to one who is toiling' or 'to one who is suffering.'

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΜΝΟΝΤΙ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΩ

G4834

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-pa-THEIN

Translations: to sympathize, to suffer with, to feel with

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to suffer with' or 'to feel with' someone. It describes the act of sharing in the feelings or experiences of another, often implying compassion or empathy. It is used to express solidarity or understanding of another's pain or joy.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΟΔΥΝΩ, ΣΥΝΘΛΙΒΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΠΑΘΕΩ (patheō), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to experience'.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-sah

Translations: as many as, all that, whatever, how many, all things whatsoever, whatever things

Notes: This word is the neuter plural form of the relative pronoun/adjective ὅσος (hosos). It means 'as many as' or 'all that/which' and is used to introduce a relative clause, referring to an indefinite quantity or number of things. It can function as both a pronoun (e.g., 'whatever things') or an adjective (e.g., 'as many things as'). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: PANTA, HAPAS

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode, 'this') and the interrogative pronoun τίς (tis, 'who? what?').

G3936, G5590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Pah-rah-STA-sin-psy-KHAYS

Translations: presentation of the soul, demonstration of the soul, proof of the soul, condition of the soul

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'παράστασις' (parastasis), meaning 'presentation, proof, demonstration, or condition,' and 'ψυχή' (psychē), meaning 'soul, life, or mind.' Together, it refers to the presentation, demonstration, or condition of the soul or inner self. It describes the state or manifestation of one's inner being or spirit.

Inflection: Compound word: 'ΠΑΡΑΣΤΑΣΙΝ' is Accusative, Singular, Feminine; 'ΨΥΧΗΣ' is Genitive, Singular, Feminine.

G0644

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-fay-GAY-toh

Translations: he was relating, he was narrating, he was describing, he was telling

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to relate', 'to narrate', or 'to describe'. It is used to speak about someone recounting events, stories, or details. The form 'ἀφηγεῖτο' is in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing or repeated action in the past, often translated as 'he/she/it was relating' or 'he/she/it used to relate'.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΛΕΓΩ

Etymology: From ἀπό (apo, 'from, off') and ἡγέομαι (hegeomai, 'to lead, to consider'). The combination implies 'to lead forth a narrative' or 'to recount from the beginning'.

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: Unknown

Translations: unknown

Notes: This word appears to be a garbled or misspelled text. The sequence "ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥΣἨΣΚΕΙ" is not a recognized single word in Koine Greek. It contains the conjunction "Ἠ" (or) within what looks like a single word, which is highly unusual. It is possible that it is a transcription error, or a combination of multiple words that have been run together without spaces. If it were separated, "ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥΣ" means "them" (masculine/neuter accusative plural). The part "ΗΣΚΕΙ" is not a standard Koine Greek word, but it might be a misspelling or a form of a verb like "ἥκω" (to have come, be present) or "ἀρέσκω" (to please). Given the context, it's difficult to ascertain its precise meaning without correction.

Inflection: Unknown

G1538

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: EK-as-tah

Translations: each, every, each one, every one, each thing, every thing

Notes: This word is a distributive adjective or pronoun meaning 'each' or 'every'. It is used to refer to individual items or persons within a group, emphasizing their distinctness. For example, it can mean 'each person' or 'each thing'. When used with a preposition like 'παρά' (pará), as seen in the examples, 'παρ' ἕκαστα' (par' hekasta) means 'in every respect' or 'continually' or 'on every occasion'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Etymology: The word ἕκαστος (hekastos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *se- meaning 'one' or 'apart'. It is an ancient Greek word used to denote individuality within a collective.

G2157

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-TAK-see-ahn

Translations: order, good order, discipline, good discipline, a good order, a good discipline

Notes: This word refers to good order, discipline, or proper arrangement. It describes a state of being well-ordered and organized, often implying a sense of decorum or proper conduct. It can be used to describe the orderly conduct of a group or the proper arrangement of things.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΟΣ, ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΕΥ̓ΚΟΣΜΙΑ

Etymology: The word Εὐταξία (eutaxia) is a compound word derived from two Greek elements: εὖ (eu), meaning 'good' or 'well', and τάξις (taxis), meaning 'order' or 'arrangement'. Thus, it literally means 'good order' or 'well-arranged state'.

G1334

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ay-goo-MEH-nohs

Translations: narrating, recounting, describing, telling, one who narrates, he who narrates

Notes: This word is a present participle derived from the verb 'διηγέομαι' (diēgeomai), meaning 'to narrate' or 'to recount'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action and can function adjectivally or adverbially, often translated as 'narrating,' 'recounting,' or 'one who narrates.' It indicates someone who is in the process of telling a story or giving a detailed account.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩΝ, ΦΡΑΖΩΝ, ΑΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΩΝ

Etymology: The word διηγέομαι (diēgeomai) is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'throughout,' and ἡγέομαι (hēgeomai), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide.' Thus, it literally means 'to lead through' a narrative or account.

G5590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: psy-KHES

Translations: of soul, of a soul, of life, of a life, of mind, of a mind, of self, of a self

Notes: This word refers to the soul, life, mind, or self. It can denote the vital breath, the seat of emotions and intellect, or the individual person. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΨΥΧΗ (psyche) originates from the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow'. This connection highlights its primary meaning related to the breath of life.

G3933

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-RAS-tay-ma

Translations: appearance, figure, posture, bearing, form, presence, a presence, an appearance

Notes: This word refers to the outward appearance, figure, or posture of a person or thing. It can describe one's bearing or presence. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and 'ἵστημι' (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΟΡΦΗ, ΣΧΗΜΑ, ΕΙΔΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb 'παρίστημι' (paristēmi), meaning 'to place beside', 'to present', or 'to stand by'. It combines 'παρά' (para, beside, alongside) and 'ἵστημι' (histēmi, to stand).

G3641

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: o-li-GOO

Translations: of little, of few, a little, few, almost, nearly, a short time, a little while

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ὈΛΙΓΟΣ' (oligos), meaning 'little' or 'few'. As an adjective, 'ὈΛΙΓΟΥ' is typically the genitive singular masculine or neuter form, meaning 'of little' or 'of few'. It can also function adverbially, meaning 'almost' or 'nearly', indicating proximity in time, quantity, or degree. When used adverbially, it often implies 'a little more and then...' or 'just short of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter; or Adverbial

Synonyms: ΒΡΑΧΥΣ, ΜΙΚΡΟΣ

G1163

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DEIN

Translations: to be necessary, to be needful, to be proper, to be right, to be fitting, to be binding, to be obligatory, to be due, to be destined, to be fated, to be required, to be compelled, to be obliged, to need, to have to, must, ought

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the impersonal verb 'ΔΕΙ'. It means 'to be necessary' or 'it is necessary'. It is often used to express obligation, necessity, or what is proper or destined to happen. It typically takes an infinitive as its subject, indicating what must or ought to be done.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ

G3625

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oy-koo-MEH-nays

Translations: of the inhabited earth, of the world, of the Roman Empire, of the inhabited land

Notes: This word refers to the inhabited earth, the world, or more specifically, the Roman Empire during the time of the New Testament. It is often used to denote the entire civilized world as known to the ancients, particularly the Roman Empire. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΟΥ, ΓΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ (oikoumenē) is the feminine present participle of the verb ΟΙΚΕΩ (oikeō), meaning 'to inhabit' or 'to dwell'. It literally means 'the inhabited (land)' and came to refer to the known world.

G2902

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kra-TOO-sin

Translations: they hold, they seize, they grasp, they rule, they prevail, they overcome, they take hold of

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to hold', 'to seize', 'to grasp', 'to rule', 'to prevail', or 'to overcome'. It is often used to describe someone exercising power or control over something or someone, or physically taking hold of an object. It can also imply maintaining a grip or keeping something secure.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΥΣΙΝ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΟΥΣΙΝ

G3986

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PEI-rahn

Translations: trial, a trial, test, a test, attempt, an attempt, experience, an experience

Notes: This word refers to a trial, test, or attempt, often implying an experience or proof of something. It can be used in contexts where someone is put to the test, or when an effort is made to achieve something. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΙΜΗ, ΒΑΣΑΝΟΣ, ΕΜΠΕΙΡΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb πεῖρα (peira), meaning 'to try, to test'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *per- meaning 'to try, to risk'.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: LEEP-ses-thai

Translations: to take, to receive, to get, to obtain, to seize, to grasp

Notes: This word is the future middle infinitive form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. It indicates an action of taking or receiving that will happen in the future, often with the subject performing the action for themselves or experiencing the action. It is used to express purpose or result, or as the object of another verb.

Inflection: Future, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G3986, G2532

Part of Speech: Noun, Conjunction

Sounds like: pay-thar-KHEE-as-KAI

Translations: of obedience and, of submission and, of subordination and

Notes: This word appears to be a compound of two separate words, 'ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΙΑΣ' (peitharchias) and 'ΚΑΙ' (kai), joined together without a space, which is likely a typographical error or a transcription mistake. 'ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΙΑΣ' is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΙΑ', meaning 'obedience' or 'subordination'. 'ΚΑΙ' is a conjunction meaning 'and'. Therefore, the combined phrase would mean 'of obedience and' or 'of subordination and'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine (for ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΙΑΣ); Does not inflect (for ΚΑΙ)

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΗ, ΥΠΟΤΑΓΗ

G4253

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PRO

Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.

G3913

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pah-rah-TAH-kseh-ohs

Translations: of battle array, of battle line, of battle, of array, of order

Notes: This word refers to the arrangement of troops for battle, a battle line, or the act of drawing up an army in formation. It can also refer more generally to an array or order. In a sentence, it would describe something belonging to or related to a military formation or a state of readiness for conflict.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΣΥΝΤΑΞΙΣ, ΜΑΧΗ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΑΤΑΞΙΣ is derived from the verb παρατάσσω (paratassō), meaning 'to arrange side by side' or 'to draw up in battle array'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to order'.

G4914

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: soon-AY-thohn

Translations: of customary, of habitual, of familiar, of accustomed, of usual, of companions, of associates

Notes: This word describes something that is customary, habitual, or familiar. It can also refer to people who are companions or associates, those with whom one is accustomed to being. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (with, together) and the noun ΗΘΟΣ (custom, habit).

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΘΙΜΟΣ, ΕΓΚΡΑΤΗΣ, ΟΙΚΕΙΟΣ

G0568

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pos-KHOY-n-toh

Translations: they might abstain, they might keep away from, they might hold back, they might have received in full

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to abstain from,' 'to keep away from,' or 'to hold back.' It can also mean 'to have received in full,' particularly in the perfect tense. In the provided context, it refers to a group of people abstaining from certain actions. It is often used with a genitive case object to indicate what is being abstained from.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Optative, Aorist, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΕΧΩ, ΚΩΛΥΩ

G724

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: har-pa-GAYS

Translations: plunder, spoil, a plunder, a spoil, robbery, a robbery

Notes: This word refers to the act of plundering, seizing, or carrying off by force, or the spoils obtained from such an act. It describes something that has been snatched away or taken violently. It can be used to refer to the act of robbery or the items stolen.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΡΠΑΓΗ, ΛΑΦΥΡΟΝ, ΣΚΥΛΟΝ

Etymology: The word comes from the verb ἁρπάζω (harpazō), meaning 'to seize, snatch, carry off'.

G3663, G3588

Part of Speech: Adjective, Article

Sounds like: ho-MO-fy-lon TOO

Translations: of the same race, of the same kind, of the same nation, of the

Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of the adjective 'ὁμόφυλος' (homophylos) and the genitive masculine/neuter singular definite article 'τοῦ' (tou). 'Ὁμόφυλος' means 'of the same race, kind, or nation'. When combined with 'τοῦ', it translates to 'of the one of the same race/kind/nation'. It would be used to describe something belonging to or related to an individual or group of the same kind.

Inflection: Adjective: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter; Article: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

G2771

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KER-dos

Translations: gain, profit, advantage, a gain, a profit, an advantage

Notes: This word refers to gain, profit, or advantage, often in a material or financial sense, but can also refer to any kind of benefit or advantage. It is typically used to describe something acquired or achieved that is beneficial.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΦΕΛΟΣ, ΠΛΕΟΝΕΚΤΗΜΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kerdʰ- (to gain, profit). It is related to Latin 'cardō' (hinge, pivot, hence 'main point, chief consideration') and Sanskrit 'śardha' (herd, troop, company).

G3615

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: oy-KAY-on

Translations: one's own, proper, fitting, suitable, domestic, familiar, a proper thing, one's own thing

Notes: This word is an adjective that describes something as belonging to one's household, family, or self. It can also mean something that is proper, fitting, or suitable for a particular situation or person. It is often used to indicate a close relationship or inherent quality.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΙΔΙΟΣ, ΕΜΟΣ, ΣΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΕΙΟΣ (from which ΟἸΚΕΙΟΝ is derived) comes from ΟΙΚΟΣ (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'household'. It refers to that which pertains to or belongs to a house or family.

G2233

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hay-GEH-sthai

Translations: to lead, to rule, to consider, to think, to believe, to regard

Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb Ἡγέομαι. It means "to lead" or "to rule" in a literal sense, often implying authority or governance over others. It can also mean "to consider," "to think," or "to believe," indicating a mental process of evaluation or judgment. The specific meaning depends on the context, often taking on the sense of "to regard as" when followed by a predicate accusative.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΝΟΜΙΖΩ

G4914

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: soon-ay-thes-TAH-tohn

Translations: most customary, most usual, most habitual, of the most customary, of the most usual, of the most habitual

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'most customary' or 'most usual'. It describes something that is very common or habitual. It is the superlative form of the adjective 'συνήθης' (synēthēs), meaning 'customary' or 'usual'. In this form, it indicates the highest degree of custom or habit.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter, Superlative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΥΝΗΘΕΣΤΑΤΩΝ, ΕΠΙΣΥΝΗΘΕΣΤΑΤΟΣ

G1359

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-oh-kee-STHAI

Translations: to administer, to manage, to govern, to regulate, to conduct, to order, to arrange

Notes: This word is the present passive infinitive form of the verb 'διοικέω'. It means 'to be administered', 'to be managed', or 'to be governed'. It describes the state of something being under the control or direction of an authority, indicating an ongoing process of management or administration.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΕΩ, ΔΙΕΠΩ, ΔΙΑΤΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'διά' (diá, 'through, apart') and 'οἰκέω' (oikéō, 'to dwell, to manage a house'). It literally means 'to manage through' or 'to manage thoroughly'.

G2570

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: kal-LEE-stah

Translations: best, most beautifully, most excellently, finest, most noble, most good

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'καλός' (kalos), meaning 'good' or 'beautiful'. As an adverb, it means 'best' or 'most beautifully', indicating the highest degree of quality or manner. As an adjective, it means 'finest' or 'most excellent'. It can be used to describe something that is superior in quality, appearance, or moral character.

Inflection: Superlative, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Superlative (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΑ, ΑΡΙΣΤΩΣ, ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: The word 'καλός' (kalos), from which 'καλλίστα' is derived, comes from an ancient root meaning 'to call' or 'to summon', evolving to mean 'beautiful' or 'good' in a general sense, often implying that which is pleasing or admirable.

G0018

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ah-gah-THON

Translations: good, a good thing, benefit, advantage, what is good

Notes: This word describes something that is good, beneficial, or morally upright. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its positive quality. As a neuter noun, it often refers to 'a good thing' or 'what is good' in a general sense, encompassing both moral excellence and practical benefit. It is frequently used to describe actions, outcomes, or qualities that are desirable or virtuous.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word originates from Proto-Indo-European, referring to something that is 'good' or 'noble'. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G3629

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: oy-KO-then

Translations: from home, from one's house, from within, from one's own resources

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'from home' or 'from one's own house'. It can also extend to mean 'from within' or 'from one's own resources', implying something originating from oneself or one's own property. It is used to describe the origin or source of an action or thing as being from a domestic or internal place.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: Derived from the noun ΟΙΚΟΣ (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'home', combined with the suffix -θεν (-then), which indicates origin or direction from a place.

G5337

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: FOW-looss

Translations: bad, base, worthless, evil, a bad one, a worthless one, an evil one

Notes: This word is the accusative masculine plural form of the adjective ΦΑΥΛΟΣ (phaulos). It describes something as bad, base, or worthless. It is used to qualify plural masculine nouns in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. The final 'οὐ' is likely a coronis indicating an elision, meaning the word ΦΑΥΛΟΥΣ has been combined with another word that started with a vowel, such as οὐ (not) or οὖν (therefore). Therefore, the full phrase would be 'ΦΑΥΛΟΥΣ οὐ' or 'ΦΑΥΛΟΥΣ οὖν', meaning 'bad ones not' or 'bad ones therefore'.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΑΧΡΕΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΦΑΥΛΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to φάω (phaō, 'to shine') in the sense of 'light, trivial', or from a root meaning 'to be empty' or 'to be cheap'.

G3440

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G1904

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-OO-sin

Translations: coming upon, approaching, attacking, advancing

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb ἔπειμι, meaning 'to go upon,' 'to approach,' or 'to attack.' It describes someone or something that is in the process of coming upon, approaching, or attacking. It is often used to describe an advancing army or an impending event.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epi, 'upon, to') and εἶμι (eimi, 'to go').

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G5530

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHRAY-sthai

Translations: to use, to employ, to make use of

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'χράομαι' (chraomai), meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'. It often takes a dative object, indicating what is being used or for what purpose. It can be translated as 'to use' or 'to make use of' in English.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΕΣΘΑΙ, ΚΕΧΡΗΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: The verb 'χράομαι' (chraomai) comes from the root 'χράω' (chraō), meaning 'to furnish, to utter an oracle'. It developed the meaning 'to use' in the middle voice.

G1301

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-TEH-leh-ee

Translations: he continued, he kept on, he remained, he spent (time)

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative third person singular form of the verb διατελέω (diateleo). It is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'throughout', and τελέω (teleo), meaning 'to complete' or 'to finish'. When combined, it signifies an action that is ongoing or continuous, often translated as 'to continue', 'to persevere', 'to remain', or 'to spend time'. The imperfect tense indicates a past action that was in progress or habitual.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΕΠΙΜΕΝΩ, ΔΙΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-keh-kroh-TEE-toh

Translations: had been assembled, had been gathered, had been brought together, had been organized

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the prefixes συν- (together) and ἐκ- (out of), and the verb κροτέω (to strike, beat, clap). The combined meaning is to bring together, assemble, or organize. It describes something that has been brought into a state of readiness or formation, often referring to troops or a group of people. It is used to indicate that an action was completed in the past and its result continued into a later past time.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Pluperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G1537, G1803

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: eks

Translations: out of, from, by, of, six

Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ

Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-POY-thay

Translations: trusted, had trusted, relied on, had relied on

Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'trusted' or 'had trusted'. It describes an action of placing confidence or reliance in someone or something. It is often used to express a state of conviction or belief.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Pluperfect, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΕΛΠΙΖΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to bind, to persuade'. In Greek, it developed the sense of 'to persuade' and by extension 'to trust' or 'to obey'.

G3148, G3403

Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: MAH-lis-tah-mis-thoh-PHO-roi

Translations: most of all mercenaries, especially mercenaries, indeed mercenaries

Notes: This is a compound phrase combining the adverb 'μάλιστα' (malista), meaning 'most of all' or 'especially', with the noun 'μισθοφόροι' (misthophoroi), meaning 'mercenaries' or 'wage-earners'. Together, it refers to 'mercenaries most of all' or 'especially mercenaries'. It would be used to emphasize that a group of people are primarily or particularly mercenaries.

Inflection: ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ: Does not inflect; ΜΙΣΘΟΦΟΡΟΙ: Plural, Masculine or Feminine, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΜΑΛΑ; ΜΙΣΘΟΦΟΡΟΙ: ΞΕΝΟΙ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G4133

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: PLEN

Translations: except, but, nevertheless, only, however, save, yet

Notes: This word is likely a misspelling or garbled form of the Koine Greek word 'ΠΛΗΝ' (plēn). 'ΠΛΗΝ' is a versatile word that can function as a conjunction meaning 'but' or 'nevertheless', an adverb meaning 'only' or 'except', or a preposition meaning 'except' or 'save' when followed by a genitive case. It is used to introduce an exception or a contrasting statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΕΙ ΜΗ, ΧΩΡΙΣ

G3401

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mis-tho-pho-RON

Translations: of mercenaries, of hired soldiers, of hired servants

Notes: This word refers to individuals who are paid to serve, typically in a military capacity as soldiers, but can also refer to other types of hired laborers or servants. It is a compound word derived from 'μισθός' (misthos), meaning 'wages' or 'pay', and 'φέρω' (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry', implying someone who 'carries' or 'receives' wages.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΩΝ, ΞΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΙΣΘΟΦΟΡΟΣ is a compound of μισθός (misthos), meaning 'wages' or 'pay', and the root of φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. It describes someone who 'bears' or 'receives' wages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G3588, G1063

Part of Speech: Article, Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TON-gar

Translations: of the, for the, because the, indeed the

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the genitive plural definite article "τῶν" (of the) and the postpositive particle "γάρ" (for, because, indeed). It is used to introduce a reason or explanation for a preceding statement, often translated as "for the" or "because the." The particle "γάρ" always comes after the word it modifies, which is why it appears after "τῶν" here.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders (for the article); Does not inflect (for the particle)

G2695

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: kah-tah-leh-GEN-tohn

Translations: of those enrolled, of those listed, of those mustered, of those selected

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καταλέγω', which means 'to enroll', 'to list', 'to muster', or 'to select'. As a genitive plural participle, it refers to 'those who have been enrolled/listed/mustered/selected'. It is used to describe a group of people who have undergone this process, often in a military or official context.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Aorist, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ

G1603

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ek-PEM-poo-sah

Translations: sending out, dispatching, sending forth, exporting

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ἐκ' (out of, from) and 'πέμπω' (to send). It means to send out, dispatch, or send forth. It is often used in contexts of sending people or things away from a place, such as dispatching troops or exporting goods. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is happening or has happened.

Inflection: Present, Active, Feminine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΠΕΜΠΩ is a compound of the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ΠΕΜΠΩ (pempō), meaning 'to send'. The root ΠΕΜΠΩ is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek.

G2039

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-TAY-dee-ohn

Translations: (of) necessities, (of) provisions, (of) supplies, (of) things necessary

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'suitable' or 'fit for use'. In its plural form, especially in the genitive case as seen here, it is often used substantively to refer to 'things that are necessary' or 'provisions' and 'supplies' for life, such as food or other essential items. It describes what is needed or appropriate for a particular purpose or situation.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΚΑΙΩΝ, ΧΡΕΙΑΣ, ΠΟΡΙΣΜΟΥ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb τηδέω (tēdeō), meaning 'to care for' or 'to provide'. It refers to what is suitable or provided for a purpose.

G3696

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OP-lah

Translations: arms, weapons, armor, hoofs

Notes: This word is a plural noun that can refer to military equipment such as arms, weapons, or armor. It can also refer to the hoofs of an animal. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΠΛΙΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΝΥΞ

Etymology: The word ὅπλον (hoplon) is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sep-, meaning 'to handle, to grasp'. It originally referred to any tool or implement, and later specialized to mean 'weapon' or 'armor'.

G1249

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ee-REH-sthai

Translations: to be divided, to be separated, to be distributed

Notes: This word is a perfect passive infinitive, meaning 'to have been divided' or 'to be in a state of having been divided'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, with the resulting state continuing into the present, and the subject of the division is passive, meaning it is being divided by something else. It is often used to express the state of being split into parts or distributed among various entities.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΕΡΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΣΚΟΡΠΙΖΩ

G2545

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: KAI-toiss

Translations: and yet, nevertheless, although, even though, and indeed, and certainly, and to them, and for them

Notes: This word is a compound of the conjunction "καί" (and, even) and the particle "τοι" (indeed, certainly). It functions as a strong adversative conjunction or adverb, meaning 'and yet' or 'nevertheless', often introducing a statement that contrasts with what has just been said. It can also be interpreted as 'and indeed' or 'and certainly', emphasizing a previous statement. In some contexts, particularly when followed by a dative plural, it can be understood as 'and to them' or 'and for them', acting as a combination of 'and' and the dative plural of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (these/those) or the definite article 'ὁ' (the). Given the context, it most commonly functions as an adversative conjunction.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction/adverb). If interpreted as 'and to them/for them', it would be Dative, Plural, All genders.

Synonyms: ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: The word "ΚΑΙΤΟΙ" is a compound formed from the conjunction "καί" (and, even) and the particle "τοι" (indeed, certainly).

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G3696

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HOP-lee-tohn

Translations: of hoplites, of soldiers, of armed men

Notes: This word refers to 'hoplites,' who were heavily armed foot soldiers in ancient Greece. It is used to describe a group or collection of such soldiers, often in the context of their possessions or actions, as indicated by its genitive case.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΩΝ, ΜΑΧΗΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΟΠΛΙΤΗΣ (hoplites) is derived from ὅπλον (hoplon), meaning 'armor' or 'weapon.' It refers to a soldier equipped with such armor.

G0795