2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G3501

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: neh-oh-teh-ri-ZOH-meh-non

Translations: being innovated, being revolutionized, being changed, being made new, being stirred up, being in revolt

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being innovated' or 'being revolutionized'. It describes something that is undergoing a new development, change, or even a rebellious uprising. It implies a state of being made new or being stirred up in a significant way.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΠΟΙΕΩ, ΑΝΑΣΤΑΤΩ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G2542

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: kai-sa-REH-ee-an

Translations: Caesarea, to Caesarea, into Caesarea

Notes: This word refers to Caesarea, a significant ancient city located on the Mediterranean coast of Judea. It was built by Herod the Great and named in honor of Caesar Augustus. It served as the Roman capital of the province of Judea and was a major port city. In the New Testament, it is mentioned as a place where Peter preached and where Paul was imprisoned.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name "Caesarea" is derived from the Roman imperial title "Caesar," honoring Caesar Augustus. It was a common practice for cities founded or significantly developed under Roman rule to be named after the emperor.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G0399

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-ZEV-ksas

Translations: having set out, having departed, having broken camp

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb ἀναζεύγνυμι. It means 'having set out' or 'having departed', often implying a breaking of camp or a starting of a journey. It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and ζεύγνυμι (zeugnymi), meaning 'to yoke' or 'to join'. Thus, it literally means 'to unyoke' or 'to unharness', which then came to mean 'to break camp' or 'to set out'. It describes an action completed in the past that has a bearing on the present situation.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ἈΝΑΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναζεύγνυμι is a compound of the preposition ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb ζεύγνυμι (zeúgnymi), meaning 'to yoke' or 'to join'. The combination originally referred to unyoking animals from a wagon, which then evolved to mean 'to break camp' or 'to set out on a journey'.

G1688, G1519

Part of Speech: Verb, Preposition

Sounds like: eh-NEH-bah-len-ACE

Translations: he cast into, he threw into, he put into, he attacked into

Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of the verb 'ἘΝΕΒΑΛΕΝ' (enebalen) and the preposition 'ΕἸΣ' (eis). 'ἘΝΕΒΑΛΕΝ' is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ἐμβάλλω', meaning 'to cast in, throw in, put in, or attack'. The preposition 'ΕἸΣ' means 'into' or 'to', indicating direction towards something. Together, the phrase means 'he cast into', 'he threw into', 'he put into', or 'he attacked into', emphasizing the action of moving something or oneself into a specific place or situation.

Inflection: Verb: Singular, 3rd Person, Aorist, Active, Indicative; Preposition: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΠΙΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕἸΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G0493

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-tee-PAH-tree-dah

Translations: Antipatris

Notes: Antipatris was an ancient city in Samaria, located on the road between Caesarea Maritima and Jerusalem. It was rebuilt and named by Herod the Great in honor of his father, Antipater. It is mentioned in the New Testament as a place where Paul stayed overnight during his journey to Caesarea.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Antipatris' is derived from the Greek name 'Antipater', meaning 'like the father' or 'instead of the father'. Herod the Great named the city after his father, Antipater.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G4441

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: poo-THOH-meh-nos

Translations: having learned, having inquired, having heard, having ascertained, having understood

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'πυνθάνομαι', meaning 'to learn by inquiry', 'to inquire', or 'to ascertain'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred and is related to the main verb of the sentence. It often conveys the sense of 'having learned' or 'having heard' something, leading to a subsequent action. For example, 'Having learned the news, he departed.'

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΣΑΣ, ΜΑΘΩΝ, ΕΠΙΓΝΟΥΣ

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: TEE-nee

Translations: to/for someone, to/for something, by someone, by something, with someone, with something, in what, to what, by what, a certain one, a certain thing, (to) what, (to) whom, (to) which

Notes: ΤΙΝΙ is the dative singular form of the indefinite and interrogative pronoun ΤΙΣ. As an indefinite pronoun, it means 'someone,' 'something,' 'a certain one,' or 'a certain thing,' indicating an unspecified person or object. As an interrogative pronoun, it means 'to whom,' 'to what,' 'by whom,' or 'by what,' asking about the recipient or agent of an action. Its meaning depends on the context, often indicating an indirect object or an instrument.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

G2564, G4863

Part of Speech: Adverb, Infinitive

Sounds like: ka-loo-MEH-noh-seen-eh-THROY-sthai

Translations: being called together, to be assembled by being called, to be gathered by being called

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the adverbial participle of 'καλέω' (to call) and the perfect passive infinitive of 'συναθροίζω' (to gather together). It describes the action of people being assembled or gathered together as a result of being called or summoned. It implies a collective gathering that occurs in response to an invitation or command.

Inflection: Perfect Passive Infinitive (ΣΥΝΗΘΡΟΙΣΘΑΙ), Adverbial Participle (ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΩΣ)

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G4316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-E-pem-pen

Translations: to send forth, to send on, to escort, to accompany on a journey

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'προ-' (pro-), meaning 'before' or 'forward,' and the verb 'πέμπω' (pempō), meaning 'to send.' Therefore, it means 'to send forward,' 'to send on,' or 'to escort' someone on a journey. It describes the act of accompanying someone for a part of their journey, often to show honor or care, or to send them off.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΟΔΕΥΩ, ΠΕΜΠΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek preposition ΠΡΟ (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward,' and the verb ΠΕΜΠΩ (pempō), meaning 'to send.'

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G4820

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soom-bal-OON-tas

Translations: having met, having come together, having contributed, having compared, having encountered, having engaged in battle

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'συμβάλλω', meaning 'to throw together', 'to meet', 'to encounter', 'to contribute', or 'to compare'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It can indicate a past action related to the main verb of the sentence, often implying a cause or circumstance. For example, it could describe people who have met each other, or armies that have engaged in battle.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'συμβάλλω' is a compound verb formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'βάλλω' (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. Thus, its literal meaning is 'to throw together'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G4250

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: PRIN

Translations: before, sooner, until, ere

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a conjunction, indicating a point in time prior to another event or action. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'sooner'. As a conjunction, it means 'before' or 'until', often introducing a clause that describes an event that has not yet happened. It is frequently used with an infinitive or a subjunctive verb.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (forward, through). It is related to the preposition πρό (pro, before).

G1904

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ep-el-THON-tes

Translations: having come upon, having come against, having attacked, having arrived, having overtaken

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'eperchomai', meaning 'to come upon' or 'to come against'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, often implying an arrival, an attack, or an overtaking. It can be used to describe people or things that have approached or assailed something or someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-TOH-peh-don

Translations: camp, an army, an encampment

Notes: This word is a compound noun, formed from 'στρατός' (army) and 'πέδον' (ground or plain). It refers to a military camp or an army itself, especially when arrayed for battle or encamped. It is used to describe the physical location where soldiers reside or the collective body of soldiers.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΠΑΡΕΜΒΟΛΗ

Etymology: The word is a compound of 'στρατός' (stratos), meaning 'army' or 'encamped army', and 'πέδον' (pedon), meaning 'ground' or 'plain'. It literally means 'army ground' or 'army plain'.

G2990, G1703

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: KOH-mas eh-NEP-ray-san

Translations: villages they burned, towns they burned

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the noun 'κώμας' (komas), meaning 'villages' or 'towns' in the accusative plural, and the verb 'ἐνέπρησαν' (enepresan), meaning 'they burned'. Together, the phrase translates to 'they burned the villages' or 'they burned the towns'. It describes an action of destruction directed towards settlements.

Inflection: ΚΩΜΑΣ: Plural, Accusative, Feminine; ἘΝΕΠΡΗΣΑΝ: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

G0494

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-tee-PAH-tree-dos

Translations: of Antipatris

Notes: Antipatris was a city in ancient Samaria, built by Herod the Great and named after his father, Antipater. It was located on the main road between Caesarea Maritima and Jerusalem. The word provided is the genitive singular form of the city's name, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of Antipatris' or 'from Antipatris'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Antipatris' is derived from the Greek name 'Antipater', which means 'like the father' or 'instead of the father'. The city was named by Herod the Great in honor of his father, Antipater.

G4281, G2756

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective

Sounds like: pro-el-THON-keh-NANE

Translations: having gone forth empty, having advanced empty, having come forward empty

Notes: This appears to be a compound word formed by the concatenation of two separate Koine Greek words: 'προελθών' (proelthōn) and 'κενήν' (kenēn). 'Προελθών' is the aorist active participle of the verb 'προέρχομαι' (proerchomai), meaning 'to go forth, come forward, advance'. 'Κενήν' is the accusative singular feminine form of the adjective 'κενός' (kenos), meaning 'empty, void, vain'. When combined, it describes someone or something that has gone forth or advanced and is in an empty state, often referring to a place being empty of people.

Inflection: ΠΡΟΕΛΘΩΝ: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle; ΚΕΝΗΝ: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-lam-BAH-nei

Translations: seizes, overtakes, comprehends, grasps, finds, apprehends

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb λαμβάνω (lambano, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). It means to take hold of, to seize, to overtake, or to grasp something, either physically or mentally. It can also mean to find or discover. For example, one might 'overtake' someone on a path, or 'comprehend' a concept.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G4642

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: skay-no-pay-GHEE-as

Translations: (of) the Feast of Tabernacles, (of) the Feast of Booths

Notes: This word refers to the Feast of Tabernacles, also known as the Feast of Booths, an important Jewish festival. It is a compound word derived from 'σκήνη' (skēnē), meaning 'tent' or 'tabernacle', and 'πηγία' (pēgia), related to 'πηγνύω' (pēgnýō), meaning 'to fix' or 'to pitch'. The festival commemorates the forty years the Israelites spent wandering in the desert after the Exodus, living in temporary shelters or booths.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The word ΣΚΗΝΟΠΗΓΙΑ (skēnopēgia) is a compound noun formed from σκήνη (skēnē), meaning 'tent, tabernacle, booth', and the root of πηγνύω (pēgnýō), meaning 'to fix, to pitch'. It literally means 'the pitching of tents' or 'the dwelling in tents'.

G0305

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-beh-BEE-kay

Translations: he had gone up, he had ascended, he had come up, he had climbed

Notes: This word describes the action of going up, ascending, or climbing. It is often used to refer to someone moving to a higher place, such as a mountain, a city, or a platform. It can also imply a journey or a progression upwards, either literally or figuratively.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Pluperfect, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ἀναβαίνω (anabainō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'upwards', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'.

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: PAN

Translations: all, every, whole, everything, a whole

Notes: This word is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. For example, it can mean 'all things' or 'everything' when used substantively, or 'the whole' when modifying a singular noun. It can also be used to mean 'every' when referring to individual items within a group.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- meaning 'to protect, feed'. Its meaning evolved to 'all' or 'whole' in Greek.

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

G2414

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-roh-SO-loo-mah

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word refers to Jerusalem, the capital city of ancient Judea and a significant religious center for Jews and Christians. It is often used in the context of travel to or from the city, or events that took place within it.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive (indeclinable in some contexts), Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely derived from 'Urusalim', meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It has been known by various names throughout history.

G3913

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-fa-NEN-ton

Translations: appearing, having appeared, having shown oneself, having become visible, having been revealed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'paraphainō', meaning 'to appear alongside' or 'to show oneself'. It describes an action that has already taken place, indicating that something or someone has become visible or has been revealed. It is often used to describe an unexpected or sudden appearance.

Inflection: Aorist, Participle, Passive, Masculine, Genitive, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΕΠΙΦΑΝΕΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek παραφαίνω (paraphainō), a compound of παρά (para, "beside, alongside") and φαίνω (phainō, "to show, to appear").

G1311

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-af-THAY-ras

Translations: having corrupted, having destroyed, having ruined, having spoiled, having defiled, having seduced

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, indicating that the subject has corrupted, destroyed, or ruined something. It can be used to describe the act of physical destruction, moral corruption, or even the seduction or defilement of someone.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΛΥΜΑΙΝΟΜΑΙ

G2618, G5562

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-KOW-sas eh-KHO-ray

Translations: having burned down, he was going; having burned down, he was proceeding

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by two words run together: 'ΚΑΤΑΚΑΥΣΑΣ' (katakausas) and 'ἘΧΩΡΕΙ' (echōrei). 'ΚΑΤΑΚΑΥΣΑΣ' is an aorist active participle meaning 'having burned down' or 'having consumed by fire'. It describes an action completed before the main verb. 'ἘΧΩΡΕΙ' is an imperfect active indicative verb meaning 'he was going' or 'he was proceeding'. Together, the phrase describes someone who had burned something down and was then in the process of going or proceeding.

Inflection: ΚΑΤΑΚΑΥΣΑΣ: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle. ἘΧΩΡΕΙ: Singular, 3rd Person, Imperfect Active Indicative.

G4383

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PRO-soh

Translations: (of) face, (of) presence, (of) countenance, (to) face, (to) presence, (to) countenance

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the noun 'ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ' (prosōpon), meaning 'face', 'countenance', or 'presence'. It is used here in the genitive or dative singular case. In the genitive, it often indicates origin or separation, such as 'from the face of' or 'from the presence of'. In the dative, it indicates direction or relation, such as 'to the face' or 'in the presence of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive or Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΟΨ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: strah-toh-peh-DEH-veh-tai

Translations: he encamps, she encamps, it encamps, he pitches camp, she pitches camp, it pitches camp, he takes up a position, she takes up a position, it takes up a position

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to encamp, to pitch a camp, or to take up a position. It describes the act of setting up a military camp or a temporary dwelling place, often in a strategic location. It is used in the third person singular, indicating that 'he, she, or it' is performing the action.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΜΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΡΑΤΟΠΕΔΕΥΩ is a compound word derived from ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ (STRATOS), meaning 'army' or 'camp', and ΠΕΔΟΝ (PEDON), meaning 'ground' or 'plain'. It literally means 'to place an army on the ground'.

G0568

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-PEH-khon-tah

Translations: abstaining, holding oneself off, keeping away, being distant, receiving in full

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'ἀπέχω'. It describes someone or something that is abstaining from, holding oneself off from, or keeping away from something. It can also mean to be distant or to have received something in full, especially a payment. Its meaning often depends on the context, particularly whether it's used with a genitive case (abstaining from) or an accusative case (receiving in full).

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G4712

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sta-DEE-oos

Translations: stadia, furlongs, race-courses, a stadium, a furlong, a race-course

Notes: This word refers to a stadium or a race-course, which was a common venue for athletic contests in ancient times. It also serves as a unit of measurement, specifically a 'stadium' or 'furlong,' which was approximately 600 Greek feet or about 185 meters (607 feet). It is used to indicate distance, often in the plural to denote multiple units of this measure.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: From Ancient Greek στάδιον (stadion), referring to a fixed standard of length, especially the length of a race-course. It is related to ἵστημι (histēmi, “to stand”).

G2453

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oy

Translations: Jews, the Jews

Notes: This word refers to the Jewish people, the inhabitants of Judea, or those who are ethnically or religiously Jewish. It is often used in the New Testament to distinguish the Jewish people from Gentiles (non-Jews).

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word originates from the Hebrew word 'Yehudi' (יהודי), meaning 'of Judah' or 'from the land of Judah'. It refers to the descendants of Judah, one of the twelve sons of Jacob, and later to the inhabitants of the kingdom of Judah.

G2529

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-tee-DON-tes

Translations: having seen, having perceived, having beheld, having observed, having looked down upon

Notes: This word is a participle, indicating an action that has been completed. It describes someone who has seen, perceived, or observed something, often with the nuance of looking down upon or carefully considering. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and indicates the action of seeing or perceiving has already taken place before the main action of the sentence.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΟΝΤΕΣ, ΟΡΩΝΤΕΣ, ΘΕΩΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΟΡΑΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΟΡΑΩ (HORAO), meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive'. The combination suggests looking down upon or perceiving clearly.

G2235

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).

G4133

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: play-see-AH-zon-tah

Translations: approaching, drawing near, coming near, being near

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'approaching' or 'drawing near'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It is often used to indicate movement towards a person, place, or event, or to describe something that is imminent. For example, it could describe someone approaching a city or a time drawing near.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΙΖΟΝΤΑ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'πλησιάζω' (plēsiazō) comes from 'πλησίος' (plēsios), meaning 'near' or 'neighbor'. It describes the action of becoming near or bringing oneself close to something.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: mee-tro-po-LEE-ton

Translations: metropolitan, of the metropolis, a metropolis, the metropolis

Notes: This word is an inflected form of 'metropolis' (ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΙΣ), which refers to the mother city or capital of a region or province. As an adjective, it describes something belonging to or related to a metropolis. As a noun, it can refer to the metropolis itself. In the provided example, it appears to be an adjective modifying 'πόλεμον' (war), meaning 'metropolitan war' or 'war of the metropolis'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter (as an adjective); or Genitive, Plural (as a noun)

G863

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-feh-MEH-noy

Translations: having sent away, having let go, having forgiven, having abandoned, having left, having dismissed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἈΦΙΗΜΙ', meaning 'to send away, let go, forgive, or abandon'. As a participle, it functions like both a verb and an adjective, describing an action that has already occurred. In this form, it indicates a group of people who have performed the action of sending away, letting go, or abandoning something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΛΥΣΑΝΤΕΣ, ἘΚΒΑΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΙΠΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word 'ἈΦΙΗΜΙ' is a compound word formed from the prefix 'ἈΠΟ' (APO), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb 'ΙΗΜΙ' (HIEMI), meaning 'to send' or 'to let go'.

G5562

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-HOH-roon

Translations: they were going, they were making room, they were advancing, they were containing, they were holding

Notes: This word is a verb indicating movement, progression, or capacity. It describes an action of going, advancing, making space, or being able to contain something. It is used to describe a continuous or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: From the Greek word χῶρος (chōros), meaning 'place' or 'space'. The verb implies movement into or having space.

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3696

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OP-lah

Translations: arms, weapons, armor, hoofs

Notes: This word is a plural noun that can refer to military equipment such as arms, weapons, or armor. It can also refer to the hoofs of an animal. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΠΛΙΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΝΥΞ

Etymology: The word ὅπλον (hoplon) is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sep-, meaning 'to handle, to grasp'. It originally referred to any tool or implement, and later specialized to mean 'weapon' or 'armor'.

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: MEG-ah-toh

Translations: unknown

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a garbled form of a Koine Greek word. The root 'ΜΕΓΑ-' (mega-) means 'great' or 'large', but the ending '-ΤΩ' does not correspond to any standard Koine Greek inflection for verbs, nouns, or adjectives. It is possible it's a typo for a word like 'μεγάλῳ' (megalō, dative singular of 'great'), 'μεγάλου' (megalou, genitive singular of 'great'), or another form. Without further context or correction, its precise meaning and grammatical function are unclear.

Inflection: Unknown

G2292

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: thar-ROON-tes

Translations: being confident, being courageous, having courage, being bold, those who are confident, those who are courageous

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb meaning 'to be confident' or 'to be courageous'. It describes an ongoing state of having courage or boldness. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or verbally, indicating an action performed by the subject. For example, it could describe 'the confident ones' or 'they, being confident'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΘΑΡΣΕΩ, ΕΥΨΥΧΕΩ

G2896

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KRAV-gees

Translations: (of) a cry, (of) a shout, (of) an outcry, cry, a cry, shout, a shout, outcry, an outcry

Notes: This word refers to a loud vocal sound, often expressing strong emotion such as distress, joy, or command. It can denote a general cry, a shout, or an outcry. It is typically used to describe a sound that is heard and can be a call for help, a declaration, or a lament.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΩΝΗ, ΒΟΗ

Etymology: The word ΚΡΑΥΓΗ (kraugē) is derived from the verb κράζω (krazō), meaning 'to cry out' or 'to shout'. It refers to the act or sound of crying out.

G1600

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-eh-PAY-dohn

Translations: they were leaping out, they were springing out, they were rushing out, they were bursting forth

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb πηδάω (pēdaō), meaning 'to leap' or 'to spring'. It describes the action of leaping or springing out from a place, often with a sense of suddenness or urgency. It can also imply rushing out or bursting forth.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΘΡΩΣΚΩ, ΕΚΤΡΕΧΩ

G3366

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: MEE-deh

Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not

Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ

Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: lah-BON-tes

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed. It often conveys the sense of 'having taken' or 'having received' and can be used to introduce a subordinate clause, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main action. For example, 'having taken the letter, they did not hurry'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

G3148

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: mah-LEE-stah

Translations: especially, most of all, above all, indeed, certainly

Notes: The word "ΤΟΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ" appears to be a misspelling or a typographical error. It is most likely intended to be "τὸ μάλιστα" (to malista), which combines the neuter definite article "τὸ" (to) meaning "the" or "that which" with the adverb "μάλιστα" (malista) meaning "especially" or "most of all". When combined, "τὸ μάλιστα" would mean "that which is most" or "the most important thing". The adverb "μάλιστα" on its own is used to emphasize something, indicating that it is true to the highest degree or is of primary importance.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΜΑΛΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is the superlative form of the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much'. It is derived from an ancient root indicating greatness or intensity.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G2357

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: thrays-kew-O-meh-non

Translations: worshiping, reverencing, practicing religion, a thing being worshiped, that which is worshiped

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'θρησκεύω' (thrēskeuō), meaning 'to worship' or 'to practice religion'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing. In the middle voice, it would mean 'worshiping for oneself' or 'practicing religion'. In the passive voice, it would mean 'being worshiped' or 'being reverenced'. The neuter singular form 'θρησκευόμενον' can refer to 'that which is being worshiped' or 'a thing being reverenced'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΕΒΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΟΜΕΝΟΝ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G1621

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ek-SAY-sas

Translations: having shaken off, having cast off, having thrown off, having driven out

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb ἐκσείω (ekseio), meaning 'to shake off' or 'to cast off'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb σείω (seio), meaning 'to shake'. As a participle, it describes an action completed in the past, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially to describe someone who has performed the action of shaking or casting off something, or the manner in which an action was performed.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΤΙΝΑΣΣΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ἐκσείω (ekseio) is derived from the prefix ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb σείω (seio), meaning 'to shake'.

G0828

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ow-TOO-stees

Translations: Augustus

Notes: This word is a proper noun, likely a variant spelling or a transliteration of the Greek word 'Αὔγουστος' (Augoustos), which refers to the Roman emperor Augustus. It is used to identify the specific historical figure. It appears to be a misspelling or an alternative transliteration of the standard Koine Greek form.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: This word is a transliteration of the Latin name 'Augustus', which means 'venerable' or 'revered'. It was a title conferred upon Octavian, the first Roman emperor.

G2372

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THOO-mos

Translations: passion, anger, rage, wrath, indignation, a passion, a rage

Notes: This word refers to a strong, often intense, emotional state. It can denote a passionate outburst, a fit of anger, or a deep-seated wrath or indignation. It is often used to describe a powerful emotional response, sometimes impulsive and volatile.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΡΓΗ, ΠΑΘΟΣ, ΖΗΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an assumed primary word meaning 'to rush, breathe hard'. It refers to the soul as the seat of emotion, hence 'passion' or 'anger'.

G4122

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pleh-oh-nek-TEH-sai

Translations: to covet, to take advantage, to defraud, to gain an advantage, to have more, to be greedy

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'πλεονεκτέω' (pleonekteō). It is a compound word derived from 'πλέον' (pleon), meaning 'more', and 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have'. Therefore, it literally means 'to have more'. In practice, it often refers to the act of desiring more than one's share, being greedy, or taking advantage of others to gain an unfair advantage or profit. It can also mean to defraud or exploit someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΡΠΑΖΩ, ΚΛΕΠΤΩ, ΑΔΙΚΕΩ

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: goon

Translations: then, therefore, accordingly, at least, at any rate

Notes: This word is an inferential particle used to draw a conclusion or consequence from what has just been said. It often introduces a statement that follows logically from the preceding one, indicating a result or a summary. It can also be used to emphasize a point, meaning 'at least' or 'at any rate'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be a strengthened form of the particle 'γε' (ge).

G4514

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: roh-MAI-oys

Translations: (to) Romans, (to) the Romans

Notes: This word refers to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used to indicate a group of people who are Romans, often in the context of their nationality or political affiliation. In this inflected form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to the Romans' or 'for the Romans'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ρώμη (Rhōmē), meaning 'Rome', referring to the city and empire. The suffix -αιος (-aios) is used to form adjectives or nouns denoting origin or belonging.

G4363

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-EP-eh-son

Translations: they fell, they prostrated themselves, they fell down, they bowed down

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the prepositions ΠΡΟΣ (pros, 'to, toward') and ΕΠΙ (epi, 'upon, over') combined with the verb ΠΙΠΤΩ (piptō, 'to fall'). It means 'to fall upon' or 'to fall down before' someone or something, often implying an act of worship, supplication, or submission. It describes an action where individuals physically prostrate themselves or fall to the ground, typically in reverence or humility.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ, ΠΙΠΤΩ

G1284, G3588

Part of Speech: Verb, Article

Sounds like: dee-ar-REH-xai, TAS

Translations: to tear apart, to burst, to break through, to rend, the, a

Notes: This appears to be a compound of two words: the aorist infinitive active of the verb ΔΙΑΡΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ (diarrēgnymi), meaning 'to tear apart' or 'to burst', and the feminine accusative plural definite article ΤΑΣ (tas), meaning 'the' or 'a'. It is highly probable that these two words should be separated, as they are distinct grammatical units. The verb describes an action of forceful separation or breaking, while the article specifies a feminine plural noun in the accusative case.

Inflection: ΔΙΑΡΡΗΞΑΙ: Aorist, Active, Infinitive; ΤΑΣ: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΣΧΙΖΩ, ΛΥΩ

G5010

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TAHK-sees

Translations: orders, arrangements, ranks, classes, divisions

Notes: This word refers to an orderly arrangement, a sequence, a military rank, or a social class. It describes things being in their proper place or a structured organization. It can be used to describe the order of battle, the arrangement of a procession, or the different divisions within a group.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΟΣ, ΔΙΑΤΑΓΗ, ΣΥΝΤΑΓΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΤΑΞΙΣ (taxis) comes from the verb ΤΑΣΣΩ (tassō), meaning 'to arrange, to order, to appoint'. It refers to the result of arranging or ordering something.

G3319

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-sone

Translations: of the middle, of the midst, of the things in the middle, of the things in between

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΜΕΣΟΣ' (mesos), meaning 'middle' or 'midst'. It refers to things or people that are in the middle or between other things. It is often used to describe a central position or an intermediate state. For example, it could refer to 'the things in the middle' or 'those who are in the midst'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΙΑΜΕΣΟΣ, ΜΕΣΑΙΟΣ

G5562

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kho-REH-in

Translations: to go, to make room, to contain, to hold, to advance, to withdraw, to have space, to be able to receive

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'χωρέω'. It describes the action of moving, making space, or containing something. It can be used to express the idea of progressing, withdrawing, or having the capacity to hold or receive something.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: From the Greek word 'χώρα' (chōra), meaning 'space' or 'place'. The verb 'χωρέω' thus relates to occupying or moving through space.

G337

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-ee-ROON-tahs

Translations: taking up, taking away, destroying, killing, those who take up, those who take away, those who destroy, those who kill

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb ἀναιρέω (anaireō). It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. Depending on context, it can mean 'to take up' or 'to take away', often with the sense of removing something or someone. It can also mean 'to destroy' or 'to kill', especially when referring to people. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb, or can be used substantively to refer to 'those who are taking up/away' or 'those who are destroying/killing'.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΝΤΑΣ, ΦΟΝΕΥΟΝΤΑΣ

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G5455

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kha-las-THEN-tee

Translations: (to) having been loosened, (to) having been let down, (to) having been relaxed

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'to having been loosened' or 'to having been let down'. It describes something that has undergone the action of being loosened, let down, or relaxed. As a dative case, it indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can refer to a person or thing that has been released or lowered.

Inflection: Dative, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΙΕΝΤΙ, ΛΥΘΕΝΤΙ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΛΑΩ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to slacken' or 'to loosen'. It is related to the idea of letting go or relaxing tension.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G1831, G4023

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-peh-ree-EL-thon-tes

Translations: going around, having gone around, having gone about, having gone out and around

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the prefixes ἐκ- (ek-, meaning 'out of' or 'from') and περι- (peri-, meaning 'around' or 'about') combined with the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai, meaning 'to come' or 'to go'). Together, it means to go out and around, to travel about, or to make a circuit. It describes an action of moving in a circular or encompassing manner, often implying a thorough search or exploration by visiting various places.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G4095

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: peh-ZOO

Translations: of foot, of infantry, of a foot soldier, of a pedestrian, of one on foot

Notes: This word describes something related to the foot or walking. As an adjective, it means 'on foot' or 'pedestrian'. As a noun, it refers to a foot soldier or infantryman. In the genitive case, as seen in 'ΠΕΖΟΥ', it indicates possession or relation, often translated as 'of foot' or 'of infantry'. It is commonly used to distinguish those who travel or fight on foot from those on horseback or in chariots.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΖΙΚΟΣ, ΠΕΖΟΜΑΧΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'πεζός' (pezós), meaning 'on foot', derived from 'πούς' (poús), meaning 'foot'.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G2577

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: KAHM-non

Translations: being weary, being sick, being ill, toiling, suffering, a weary one, a sick one, an ill one

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κάμνω', meaning 'to be weary', 'to be sick', or 'to toil'. It describes someone who is in a state of weariness, illness, or suffering. It can function adjectivally to describe a person or thing, or substantively as 'the one who is weary' or 'the sick person'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΣΘΕΝΩΝ, ΚΑΚΩΣ

G2793

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-kin-DY-noo-sen

Translations: he was in danger, he was in peril, he risked, he was endangered

Notes: This word describes the act of being in danger, facing peril, or taking a risk. It is often used to indicate that someone or something was on the verge of experiencing harm or loss. It is a compound word, formed from the noun κίνδυνος (danger) and the suffix -εύω, which forms verbs indicating a state or action related to the noun.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΩ, ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΣΩ, ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΣΑΙ

G0599

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-THA-non

Translations: I died, they died, he died, she died, it died

Notes: This word means 'to die' or 'to be dead'. It is the aorist active indicative form, which describes a past action completed at a specific point in time. It can be either first person singular ('I died') or third person plural ('they died'). In some contexts, it can also be used for third person singular ('he/she/it died').

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΩ, ΕΚΠΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΟΘΝῌΣΚΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΑΠΟ (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ΘΝῌΣΚΩ (thnēskō), meaning 'to die'. The prefix emphasizes the separation from life.

G3979

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: peh-ZOY

Translations: on foot, foot soldiers, infantry

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is on foot, as opposed to being mounted on an animal or in a vehicle. When used as a noun, it refers to foot soldiers or infantry. It is often used in military contexts to distinguish troops who fight on foot from cavalry or charioteers.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΠΕΖΙΚΟΝ, ΠΕΖΟΜΑΧΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΖΟΣ (pezos) comes from the Greek root πεζός, meaning 'on foot', which is related to πούς (pous), meaning 'foot'.

G3062

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: LOY-pon

Translations: remaining, the rest, the remainder, other, finally, henceforth, for the rest

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'remaining' or 'other', a noun meaning 'the rest' or 'the remainder', or an adverb meaning 'finally', 'henceforth', or 'for the rest'. As an adjective, it describes what is left over. As a noun, it refers to the remaining portion or people. As an adverb, it introduces a concluding thought or indicates a future time.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λείπω (leípō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G1081

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: gen-NAI-oh-toy

Translations: most noble, most excellent, most brave, most courageous, most high-born

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'gennaios', meaning 'noble' or 'brave'. As a superlative, it indicates the highest degree of these qualities, meaning 'most noble', 'most excellent', or 'most brave'. It is used to describe individuals who possess these virtues to an exceptional extent. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'They were the most courageous of all the soldiers'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Superlative

Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΟΙ, ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΟΙ, ΕΥΓΕΝΕΣΤΑΤΟΙ

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOX-an

Translations: they seemed, they thought, they appeared, they resolved, they decided

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'δοκέω'. It means 'they seemed' or 'they thought' or 'they appeared'. It can also mean 'they resolved' or 'they decided' when referring to a group's decision. It is often used impersonally or with an infinitive to express what seems good or right to a group of people.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΝΟΜΙΖΩ

G4773

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: syng-ge-NEYS

Translations: related, kindred, kinsfolk, relatives, a relative, kinsmen, a kinsman

Notes: This word describes someone who is related by birth or family, indicating a familial connection. It can be used as an adjective to describe something as 'related' or 'kindred,' or more commonly as a noun to refer to 'relatives' or 'kinsfolk.' It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and 'γένος' (genos), meaning 'race, family, or kind,' emphasizing the shared origin or family tie.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΣΥΓΓΕΝΕΙΣ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: keh-neh-DAI-oss

Translations: Kenedaios

Notes: Kenedaios is a proper noun, specifically a male personal name. It refers to an individual, often a historical figure or character in a narrative. In the provided context, Kenedaios is mentioned as a relative of King Monobazos of Adiabene, indicating a person of noble or royal lineage.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of the name Kenedaios is not readily available in standard Koine Greek lexicons. It appears to be a foreign name, possibly of Aramaic or Parthian origin, adopted into Greek texts.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: meth

Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with

Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).

G4008

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-RAI-tays

Translations: the one from beyond, the one from the other side, the Transjordanian

Notes: This word refers to someone who comes from 'the other side' or 'beyond' a certain point, often implying a geographical location. In historical contexts, it frequently refers to someone from the region of Perea, which was east of the Jordan River, hence 'the Transjordanian'. It is used to describe a person's origin or affiliation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: Derived from the Greek adverb πέραν (peran), meaning 'beyond' or 'on the other side', with the suffix -ίτης (-ites) indicating a person from a place.

G846

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ow-toh-moh-LAY-sas

Translations: deserting, having deserted, defecting, having defected, going over, having gone over

Notes: This word describes the action of deserting or defecting, often from a military or political allegiance. It refers to someone who has gone over to the enemy or changed sides. It is a compound word formed from 'αὐτός' (autos), meaning 'self', and 'μολεῖν' (molein), meaning 'to come' or 'to go', implying 'coming of one's own accord' or 'going over by oneself'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ, ΑΦΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

G0002

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-GRIP-pah

Translations: Agrippa

Notes: Agrippa is a proper noun, referring to a male individual. In the New Testament, it primarily refers to Herod Agrippa I and Herod Agrippa II, who were Roman client kings of Judea. It is used as a direct address or as the subject/object of a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Agrippa is of Latin origin, derived from the Roman cognomen Agrippa. It was traditionally given to children born feet first, from Latin 'aegre partus' meaning 'born with difficulty' or 'aegre pes' meaning 'difficult foot'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-tra-TEH-yoo-eh-toh

Translations: he was campaigning, he was serving as a soldier, he was warring, he was fighting

Notes: This word describes the action of serving as a soldier, campaigning, or engaging in warfare. It is used to indicate that someone was actively involved in military service or a military expedition over a period of time. It can refer to both literal military action and, in some contexts, spiritual warfare.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΕΩ, ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G4383

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-OH-pon

Translations: face, a face, presence, person, appearance

Notes: This word refers to the face of a person or animal. It can also denote one's presence or appearance, or even a person themselves, especially in a formal or legal context. It is used to describe physical features as well as the impression or aspect someone presents.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, "to, towards") and ὤψ (ōps, "eye, face"). It literally means "that which is towards the eye" or "that which is before the eye."

G303, G2875, G2453

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-ko-PEN-tes-ee-oo-DAI-oy

Translations: having been cut back Jews, having been hindered Jews, having been stopped Jews, having been repulsed Jews

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the participle of the verb ἀνακόπτω (anakoptō), meaning 'to cut back, hinder, stop, repulse,' and the noun Ἰουδαῖοι (Ioudaioi), meaning 'Jews.' The combined word describes 'Jews who have been cut back, hindered, stopped, or repulsed.' It would be used in a sentence to specify a group of Jewish people who experienced such an action.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine (for ἀνακοπέντες); Plural, Nominative, Masculine (for Ἰουδαῖοι)

G5290

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pes-TREH-fon

Translations: they were returning, they were going back, they returned, they went back

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'back', and the verb 'στρέφω' (strephō), meaning 'to turn'. In this form, it describes an ongoing or repeated action of returning or going back in the past. It is used to indicate that a group of people was in the process of returning to a place or state.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΑΜΠΤΩ, ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ

G2770

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: kah-TOH-pin

Translations: behind, after, afterward, subsequently

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'behind' or 'after'. It can refer to spatial position, indicating something is located at the rear, or to temporal sequence, meaning 'afterward' or 'subsequently'. It is often used to describe following someone or something, or an event happening later in time.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΙΣΩ, ΜΕΤΑ

Etymology: From κατά (kata, 'down, against') and ὄπις (opis, 'back, rear'). It literally means 'down from behind' or 'from the back'.

G4514, G1909

Part of Speech: Noun, Preposition

Sounds like: roh-MAH-yois EP-ee

Translations: to Romans, for Romans, upon, on, over, at, to, against

Notes: This appears to be a concatenation of two distinct Koine Greek words: 'ΡΩΜΑΙΟΙΣ' (Romaiois) and 'ἘΠΙ' (Epi). 'ΡΩΜΑΙΟΙΣ' is the dative plural form of the noun 'ΡΩΜΑΙΟΣ' (Romaios), meaning 'Roman'. It indicates 'to the Romans' or 'for the Romans'. 'ἘΠΙ' is a versatile preposition that can mean 'upon', 'on', 'over', 'at', 'to', or 'against', depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the dative case, as it would be with 'ΡΩΜΑΙΟΙΣ', it typically means 'upon', 'on', 'at', or 'in addition to'. Therefore, the combined phrase would likely mean 'upon the Romans' or 'against the Romans'.

Inflection: ΡΩΜΑΙΟΙΣ: Plural, Dative, Masculine. ἘΠΙ: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (Genitive, Dative, Accusative).

G0447

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nee-OO-sin

Translations: going up, ascending, going back, returning, coming up, rising

Notes: This word describes the action of going up, ascending, or returning. It can refer to physical movement upwards, or metaphorically to rising or coming back. In the provided context, it refers to those who are going up or ascending.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Dative Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, 'up') and ἵημι (híēmi, 'to send, let go').

G4363

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-PES-ohn

Translations: having fallen upon, having fallen down, having prostrated oneself, having fallen, having bowed down

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'προσπίπτω' (prospiptō), meaning 'to fall upon' or 'to fall down before'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, often indicating a sudden or decisive movement. It can be used to describe someone falling to the ground in supplication, worship, or in an act of attack or collision.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ

G1097

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: gee-OH-ras

Translations: proselyte, sojourner, stranger, a proselyte, a sojourner, a stranger

Notes: This word refers to a proselyte, a sojourner, or a stranger. In a religious context, it specifically denotes a Gentile who has converted to Judaism. It can also refer more generally to someone living in a foreign land without full citizenship rights.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΗΛΥΤΟΣ, ΠΑΡΟΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: This word is a transliteration of the Hebrew word 'ger' (גֵּר), meaning 'sojourner' or 'stranger'.

G3767

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oo-ra-GEE-as

Translations: of the rearguard, rearguard, a rearguard

Notes: This word refers to the rearguard of an army, or the act of bringing up the rear. It describes the part of a military force that protects the rear, especially during a retreat or advance. It can also refer to the position at the very end of a line or procession.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΠΙΣΘΟΦΥΛΑΚΗ, ΟΠΙΣΘΟΦΥΛΑΞ

Etymology: From οὐραγός (ouragos, 'leader of the rear, rearguard') + -ία (-ia, suffix forming abstract nouns). Οὐραγός is from οὐρά (oura, 'tail, rear') and ἄγω (ago, 'to lead').

G4682

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-pa-RAX-en

Translations: he tore, she tore, it tore, he rent, she rent, it rent, he convulsed, she convulsed, it convulsed

Notes: This word is a verb in the past tense, specifically the aorist tense. It describes an action of tearing, rending, or convulsing something or someone. It can refer to physical tearing, like ripping cloth, or to a violent convulsion, often associated with an evil spirit causing a person to convulse.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΔΙΑΣΠΑΩ, ΣΥΝΤΡΙΒΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΠΑΡΑΣΣΩ is of uncertain origin, possibly onomatopoeic, imitating the sound of tearing or rending.

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: SYKH-nah

Translations: often, frequently, many, much, frequent

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'many' or 'frequent', describing a quantity or recurrence. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'often' or 'frequently', indicating how often an action occurs. For example, it might be used to say 'many days' or 'he often came'.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (when used as an adjective); Does not inflect (when used as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΟΛΛΑΚΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΣΥΧΝΟΣ' (sychnos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'holding together' or 'being close', leading to the sense of 'frequent' or 'many'.

G4634

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: skay-oo-foh-FOR-ohn

Translations: of baggage-carriers, of those carrying baggage, of those who carry baggage

Notes: This word is a present active participle, genitive plural, from the verb 'σϰευοφορέω' (skeuophoreō), meaning 'to carry baggage' or 'to be a baggage-carrier'. It refers to people who are in the act of carrying baggage or who are designated as baggage-carriers. In a sentence, it would typically function as a possessive or descriptive element, indicating that something belongs to or is associated with these baggage-carriers.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΧΘΟΦΟΡΩΝ, ΦΟΡΕΩΝ

G0660, G0071

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pos-PA-sas ee-GAH-gen

Translations: having drawn away, she led; having torn away, she brought

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by two words: the aorist active participle of ἀποσπάω (apospao), meaning 'to draw off, tear away, separate,' and the aorist active indicative of ἄγω (ago), meaning 'to lead, bring, carry.' The phrase describes an action where someone, specifically a female subject, first separates or draws something away, and then leads or brings it. It implies a sequence of actions: first detaching, then moving.

Inflection: First word: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Singular Feminine. Second word: Aorist Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular.

G3306

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: meh-NON-tos

Translations: remaining, abiding, enduring, staying, waiting, of remaining, of abiding, of enduring, of staying, of waiting

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΜΕΝΩ', meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing or has just occurred. It can be translated as 'remaining', 'abiding', or 'enduring', depending on the context. For example, it might describe someone who is staying in a place or a state of being that continues.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΜΕΝΟΝΤΟΣ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΟΝΤΟΣ

G3346

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: meh-TEH-oh-rah

Translations: things in the air, heavenly bodies, lofty things, high places, meteors, a meteor, things suspended, things elevated

Notes: This word refers to things that are suspended in the air, elevated, or high up. It can describe celestial bodies, atmospheric phenomena like meteors, or even high places on earth. It is often used in the plural to refer to such things collectively. When used as an adjective, it describes something as being high, lofty, or suspended.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΥΡΑΝΙΑ, ΥΨΗΛΑ, ΑΕΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΕΩΡΟΣ (meteoros) is a compound word derived from μετά (meta), meaning 'among, with, after', and ἀείρω (aeirō), meaning 'to lift, raise'. Thus, it literally means 'lifted up among' or 'suspended in the air'.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-teh-ee-LEE-foh-tes

Translations: having seized, having taken possession of, having overtaken, having apprehended, having grasped, having understood

Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb 'katalambanō'. It describes someone or something that has already seized, taken possession of, or apprehended something. It can also mean to overtake, grasp, or understand, depending on the context. It is used to describe an action that has been completed in the past and has ongoing relevance.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΒΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΤΑΣΧΟΝΤΕΣ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-tay-ROO-oon

Translations: they were watching, they were observing, they were lying in wait for, they were keeping watch over

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (upon, over) and the verb ΤΗΡΕΩ (to keep, guard, observe). It means to watch over, observe closely, or lie in wait for someone or something. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΣΚΟΠΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΤΗΡΕΩ is a compound verb derived from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over,' and the verb ΤΗΡΕΩ (tereo), meaning 'to keep,' 'to guard,' or 'to observe.' The combination suggests an intensified or directed form of watching or guarding.

G1213

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective

Sounds like: DAY-loy

Translations: shows, makes clear, reveals, manifests, declares, makes known, evident, clear, manifest

Notes: This word can function as a verb meaning 'to show, make clear, or reveal,' or as an adjective meaning 'clear, evident, or manifest.' As a verb, it describes the act of making something known or visible. As an adjective, it describes something that is already apparent or easily understood.

Inflection: Verb: Present, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular; Adjective: Nominative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine; or Nominative/Accusative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ

G2270

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-reh-MEH-son-tes

Translations: will be quiet, will be still, will rest, will be at peace

Notes: This word is a future active participle, indicating an action that will happen in the future. It describes someone or something that will be quiet, still, or at rest. It is often used to describe a state of tranquility or cessation of activity. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb in a sentence.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Future, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΗΣΥΧΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΩ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΩ

Etymology: The verb ἠρεμέω (ēremeō) comes from the adjective ἤρεμος (ēremos), meaning 'quiet, still, tranquil'.

G0756

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ar-KSA-meh-nohn

Translations: (of) beginning, (of) having begun, (of) those who began

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to begin' or 'to rule'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already taken place, functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this form, it refers to 'those who have begun' or 'of the ones who began something'.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΝΑΡΞΑΜΕΝΩΝ, ΚΑΤΑΡΞΑΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΑΡΧΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to begin' or 'to lead'. It is related to words signifying 'first place' or 'origin'.

G4514, G3597

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: roh-MAI-ohn-oh-DEH-oo-een

Translations: for the Romans to travel, for the Romans to journey, for the Romans to go

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'Ρωμαίων' (of the Romans) and 'οδεύειν' (to travel/journey). It means 'for the Romans to travel' or 'for the Romans to journey'. It describes the act of traveling or journeying, specifically attributed to or undertaken by the Romans. It would be used in a sentence to indicate that the Romans are performing the action of traveling.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

G2529

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: kah-tee-DON

Translations: having seen, having looked down, having observed, having perceived, having discerned

Notes: ΚΑΤΙΔΩΝ is the aorist active participle of the verb ΚΑΘΟΡΑΩ, meaning 'to look down upon,' 'to observe,' or 'to perceive clearly.' It describes an action of seeing or perceiving that has been completed, often with the implication of careful observation or discernment. It is typically used to introduce a clause that explains what the subject saw or observed, functioning adverbially.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩΝ, ΟΡΩΝ, ΘΕΩΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΟΡΑΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb ΟΡΑΩ (HORAO), meaning 'to see.' The compound emphasizes looking down upon something or seeing something clearly and distinctly.

G0067

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-GRIP-pahs

Translations: Agrippa

Notes: Agrippa is a Roman personal name, often associated with members of the Herodian dynasty who ruled over parts of Judea. It refers to several historical figures, most notably Herod Agrippa I and Herod Agrippa II, both of whom are mentioned in the New Testament. The name signifies a person of Roman origin or influence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Agrippa is of Latin origin, derived from 'Agrippa', a Roman cognomen. It was traditionally given to children born feet first (breech birth).

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G550

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PEI-roo

Translations: unskilled, inexperienced, ignorant, boundless, infinite, immense, countless, a countless, of the unskilled, of the inexperienced, of the ignorant, of the boundless, of the infinite, of the immense, of the countless

Notes: This word describes something or someone as being without experience, unskilled, or ignorant. It can also refer to something that is boundless, infinite, or countless in extent or number. It is used to describe a lack of skill or knowledge, or an immeasurable quantity.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΩΣΤΟΣ, ΑΜΕΤΡΗΤΟΣ, ΑΤΕΛΕΥΤΗΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the prefix 'α-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and 'πεῖρα' (peira), meaning 'trial', 'experience', or 'attempt'. Thus, it literally means 'without experience' or 'without trial'.

G4024

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ris-KHON-tos

Translations: of surrounding, of encompassing, of holding around, of containing, of holding fast, of seizing, of overcoming, of excelling, of being superior

Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the present active participle of the verb περιέχω (periechō). It describes something that is surrounding, encompassing, or holding around. It can also refer to something that contains, holds fast, seizes, overcomes, or excels. In context, it often describes a situation where something is enclosed or overwhelmed.

Inflection: Participle, Present, Active, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΠΕΡΙΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ

Etymology: The word περιέχω (periechō) is a compound word formed from περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'.

G2919

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KREE-nen

Translations: he judged, he decided, he determined, he condemned, he ruled

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to judge,' 'to decide,' 'to determine,' 'to condemn,' or 'to rule.' It describes an action of making a judgment or decision, often with authority or finality. It is used to indicate that someone has made a definitive choice or rendered a verdict.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΦΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: From an assumed root meaning 'to separate, put asunder.'

G0001, G3985

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-pei-ra-THE-nai

Translations: to try, to attempt, to test, to make trial of, to put to the test

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and the verb πειράω (peiraō, 'to try, attempt'). It means to try out, to make an attempt, or to put something or someone to the test. It implies an effort to determine the nature or capabilities of something through experience or trial.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ, ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: The root verb ΠΕΙΡΑΩ comes from πειρά (peira), meaning 'a trial, an attempt, an experience'. It is related to the idea of passing through or experiencing something.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PAY-seen

Translations: to persuade, to convince, to obey, to trust, to win over

Notes: This word is the future active infinitive form of the verb 'peithō'. It means 'to be about to persuade' or 'to intend to persuade'. In some contexts, it can also mean 'to be about to obey' or 'to be about to trust', as the verb 'peithō' can mean both to persuade and to be persuaded/obey, depending on the voice. It indicates an action of persuasion or obedience that is anticipated or intended.

Inflection: Future, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΠΕΙΘΩ, ΠΑΡΑΠΕΙΘΩ, ΠΡΟΤΡΕΠΩ

G2697, G3588

Part of Speech: Verb, Article

Sounds like: kah-tah-THES-thai-TON

Translations: to lay down, to put down, to deposit, to store up, to lay up, to place, to set, to put, the

Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of the aorist middle infinitive of the verb κατατίθημι (katatithēmi) and the masculine singular accusative definite article τόν (ton). The verb κατατίθημι means to lay down, put down, or deposit. The article τόν means 'the' and functions here to specify the object of the infinitive, indicating 'the one to lay down' or 'the act of laying down'. It refers to the action of placing something down, often with the implication of safekeeping or establishing.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive (for καταθέσθαι); Singular, Masculine, Accusative (for τόν)

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΑΠΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G1727

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-nan-tee-oh-THEN-tone

Translations: those who opposed, those who set themselves against, those who resisted, of those who opposed, of those who set themselves against, of those who resisted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to oppose' or 'to set oneself against'. It describes individuals or groups who have taken an opposing stance or acted in resistance. It is used to refer to 'those who opposed' or 'those who set themselves against' something or someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΘΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΩΝ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐναντίος (enantíos, “opposite, contrary”) + -όω (-óō, verbal suffix).

G4855

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-froh-NOON

Translations: agree, be of one mind, think alike, be in accord

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb φρονέω (phroneō, meaning 'to think' or 'to have a mindset'). It means to be of one mind, to agree, or to think alike. It describes a state of unity in thought or purpose among individuals. It is used to express harmony or consensus.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΦΡΟΝΕΩ, ΣΥΝΔΟΚΕΩ

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOH

Translations: (to) himself, (for) himself, (to) herself, (for) herself, (to) itself, (for) itself, (to) themselves, (for) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the clause. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the subject itself. It can be used for singular or plural subjects, and its specific meaning (himself, herself, itself, themselves) depends on the gender and number of the subject it refers to. In this dative form, it often conveys the sense of 'to' or 'for' the subject.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G3122

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MA-lis-TA

Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'

Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'

G1565

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: eh-KAY-noys-BOR-kee-on

Translations: Borkion, to those Borkion

Notes: This word appears to be a compound of two elements: 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΙΣ' (ekeinois), meaning 'to those' or 'for those', and 'ΒΟΡΚΙΟΝ' (Borkion), which is likely a proper noun, possibly a personal name or a place name. Given the context of the example usage, where it appears alongside 'ΦΟΙΒΟΝ' (Phoebus), it is highly probable that 'ΒΟΡΚΙΟΝ' is a proper noun, specifically a personal name. The combination 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΙΣΒΟΡΚΙΟΝ' is unusual and suggests that 'ΒΟΡΚΙΟΝ' is the name of a person or entity associated with 'those' mentioned previously in the text. It's possible the text is garbled or a scribal error, or it could be a very specific, perhaps rare, proper noun used in a dative context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural (for ἘΚΕΙΝΟΙΣ); Singular, Nominative or Accusative (for ΒΟΡΚΙΟΝ, if it's a proper noun)

G1188

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: de-ksee-AS

Translations: (of) the right, (of) the right hand, (of) the right side, (of) a pledge, (of) an agreement

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'δεξιός' (dexios), meaning 'right' (as opposed to left), or the noun 'δεξιά' (dexia), meaning 'right hand' or 'right side'. It can also refer to a pledge or agreement, often symbolized by the giving of the right hand. In the provided examples, it appears to be used in the sense of 'right hand' or 'right side' (as in 'cup of the right hand of the Lord') and also in the sense of 'pledges' or 'agreements' (as in 'giving pledges').

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΞΙΑ, ΔΕΞΙΟΝ

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G4782, G3844

Part of Speech: Noun, Preposition

Sounds like: SYNG-gno-meen PA-ra

Translations: forgiveness, pardon, excuse, beside, from, by, with, at, to

Notes: This appears to be a compound or concatenated form of two separate words: ΣΥΓΓΝΩΜΗΝ (syngnomen), which is the accusative singular of the noun ΣΥΓΓΝΩΜΗ (syngnome), meaning 'forgiveness' or 'pardon,' and ΠΑΡΑ (para), a preposition. The preposition ΠΑΡΑ can mean 'from' (with genitive), 'beside' or 'with' (with dative), or 'to' or 'alongside' (with accusative). In this context, it likely means 'forgiveness from' or 'pardon from' someone, with ΠΑΡΑ taking a genitive case after it, or 'forgiveness to' or 'pardon to' someone, with ΠΑΡΑ taking an accusative case after it.

Inflection: ΣΥΓΓΝΩΜΗΝ: Singular, Accusative, Feminine. ΠΑΡΑ: Does not inflect (preposition).

Synonyms: ΑΦΕΣΙΣ, ΣΥΓΧΩΡΗΣΙΣ, ΑΠΟΛΥΣΙΣ

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G0264

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hay-mar-tay-MAY-non

Translations: (of) sins, (of) wrongdoings, (of) errors, (of) offenses, (of) those who have sinned, (of) the things sinned

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'ΑΜΑΡΤΑΝΩ' (hamartanō), meaning 'to sin' or 'to miss the mark'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun. In this form, it refers to things that have been sinned, done wrong, or committed as errors. It describes actions or states that are the result of sinning.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter, Perfect, Passive

Synonyms: ΑΜΑΡΤΙΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑΤΩΝ, ΑΔΙΚΗΜΑΤΩΝ

G4496

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: RHIP-san-tes

Translations: having thrown, having cast, having thrown down, having cast down, having thrown oneself, having cast oneself

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ρίπτω' (rhiptō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, functioning like an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun, indicating that the subject has performed the action of throwing or casting. It can be used transitively, meaning to throw something, or reflexively, meaning to throw oneself (down).

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ

G3328

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tah-BAH-loy-n-toh

Translations: they might change, they might turn, they might alter, they might shift

Notes: This word means to change, turn, or alter something. It implies a shift or transformation from one state or direction to another. It can be used to describe a change in opinion, a change in course, or a general alteration of circumstances. It is a compound word formed from μετά (meta), meaning 'with, among, after, or indicating change', and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw, cast, or put'.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Optative, Aorist, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ, ΜΕΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'with, among, after, or indicating change', and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw, cast, or put'. The combination signifies a 'throwing' or 'putting' across or into a different state, hence 'to change'.

G1167

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: DAY-san-tes

Translations: fearing, having feared, being afraid, having been afraid

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning "having feared" or "being afraid." It describes an action that happened in the past and resulted in a state of fear. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can be translated as a clause (e.g., "those who feared" or "when they feared"). It is often used to describe the state of someone who has experienced fear.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΗΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ΕΚΦΟΒΟΙ

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stah-see-as-TAI

Translations: rebels, insurgents, rioters, seditionists

Notes: This word refers to people who engage in rebellion, sedition, or rioting. It describes individuals who cause civil unrest or actively participate in an uprising against authority. The form 'ΟΙΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΑΙ' is the nominative plural of 'στασιαστής'. The initial 'ΟΙ' is likely a misspelling or a very rare variant of the definite article 'οἱ' (the), making the phrase 'the rebels'. If it is not a misspelling, the word itself is not standard Koine Greek.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΑΙ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΑΙ

G0067, G3328

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Verb

Sounds like: ah-GRIP-pan-meh-tah-BAH-lee-tai

Translations: Agrippa, to change, to turn, to turn around, to turn over, to turn back, to turn oneself, to change one's mind, to change one's allegiance

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the proper noun 'Agrippa' (ἈΓΡΙΠΠΑΝ) and the verb 'to change' or 'to turn' (ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΗΤΑΙ). The first part, ἈΓΡΙΠΠΑΝ, refers to Agrippa, a common name for Herodian rulers in the New Testament period. The second part, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΗΤΑΙ, is the verb 'to change' or 'to turn'. The combined form suggests an action related to changing or turning towards Agrippa, or changing one's allegiance to Agrippa. It implies a shift in loyalty or direction concerning Agrippa.

Inflection: ἈΓΡΙΠΠΑΝ: Singular, Accusative, Masculine; ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΗΤΑΙ: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Middle Voice, Subjunctive

G4243

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pres-BEV-on-tas

Translations: acting as an ambassador, being an ambassador, negotiating, mediating, representing, pleading

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'πρεσβεύω' (presbeuō), meaning 'to be an elder, to be an ambassador, to represent, to negotiate'. It describes someone who is currently performing the action of acting as an ambassador or representative. It can be used to describe someone who is sent on a mission or who is pleading a case on behalf of others.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΚΟΝΕΩ, ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ

G0337

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-LEIN

Translations: to take up, to take away, to destroy, to kill, to put to death

Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἀναιρέω (anaireō). It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose'. Depending on the context, it can mean to take something up, to remove or take away, or more commonly, to destroy or kill someone. It is often used in the sense of putting someone to death.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ἈΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

Etymology: The verb ἀναιρέω (anaireō) is a compound of ἀνά (ana, 'up, again') and αἱρέω (haireō, 'to take, to seize').

G2532, G4250

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee-PRIN

Translations: and before, even before, and sooner, even sooner

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction "καί" (kai), meaning "and" or "even," and the adverb/conjunction "πρίν" (prin), meaning "before" or "sooner." It is used to emphasize the timing of an event, indicating that something happened immediately before or even sooner than expected. It functions similarly to "even before" in English, often introducing a clause that describes an action preceding another.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

G5348

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EF-thay

Translations: was anticipated, was overtaken, was arrived at, was reached, was come to, was come upon, was prevented

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'φθάνω' (phthanō). It means 'to be anticipated,' 'to be overtaken,' or 'to be arrived at/reached.' It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject was the recipient of the action of being anticipated or reached.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΦΘΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G0026

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-gah-nak-TEH-sahn-tahs

Translations: having been indignant, having been annoyed, having been vexed, having been displeased

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'aganakteō', meaning to be indignant, annoyed, or greatly displeased. It describes someone who has experienced a strong feeling of irritation or anger, often due to perceived injustice or wrongdoing. It can be used to describe the state or action of a group of people who have become indignant.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΟΡΓΙΣΘΕΝΤΑΣ, ΛΥΠΗΘΕΝΤΑΣ

G3037, G2532

Part of Speech: Noun, Conjunction

Sounds like: LI-thoys KAI

Translations: (to) stones and, (with) stones and

Notes: This appears to be a compound word or, more likely, a transcription error combining the dative plural of the noun 'ΛΙΘΟΣ' (lithos), meaning 'stone', with the conjunction 'ΚΑΙ' (kai), meaning 'and'. The correct form would typically be 'ΛΙΘΟΙΣ ΚΑΙ' (lithois kai), meaning 'with stones and' or 'to stones and'. It describes an action involving stones, followed by another element introduced by 'and'.

Inflection: Noun: Plural, Dative, Masculine; Conjunction: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΕΤΡΟΙΣ, ΣΥΝ

G3586

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: XOO-loys

Translations: (to) wood, (to) a tree, (to) timber, (to) a staff, (to) a club, (to) a cross

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'ΞΥΛΟΝ' (xylon). It refers to wood in its various forms, such as a standing tree, cut timber, a piece of wood used as a staff or club, or even a cross. In the dative case, it indicates the indirect object or the means/instrument by which an action is performed, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'with', 'by', or 'in'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΕΝΔΡΟΝ, ΔΟΚΟΣ, ΡΑΒΔΟΣ

G3817

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pah-EE-on-tes

Translations: striking, hitting, beating, smiting, a striking, a hitting, a beating, a smiting

Notes: This word is a present active participle, masculine plural, nominative case, derived from the verb 'paiō'. It describes the action of striking, hitting, or beating. It is used to indicate someone who is in the act of striking or hitting, often with force. For example, it could describe people who are hitting something or someone.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΤΥΠΤΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΛΗΓΟΝΤΕΣ

G4887

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-ay-LA-san

Translations: they drove together, they drove into, they compelled, they forced

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΕΛΑΥΝΩ (elaunō), meaning 'to drive'. In this form, it means 'they drove together' or 'they drove into' a certain state or place. It can also mean 'they compelled' or 'they forced' someone to do something or go somewhere.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΑΣΑΝ, ΒΙΑΣΑΝ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΕΛΑΥΝΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΕΛΑΥΝΩ (elaunō), meaning 'to drive, to push, to set in motion'.

G2119

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-KAI-ron

Translations: opportune, seasonable, convenient, a convenient time, a suitable time

Notes: This word describes something that is well-timed, suitable, or convenient. It refers to an action or event that occurs at the right moment or under favorable circumstances. It can be used to describe a person, a time, or an action.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΙΟΣ, ΕΠΙΤΗΔΕΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΚΑΙΡΟΣ (eukairos) is a compound word formed from the prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'good' or 'well', and ΚΑΙΡΟΣ (kairos), meaning 'time', 'season', or 'opportunity'. Thus, it literally means 'of good time' or 'well-timed'.

G1863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-AY-gen

Translations: he brought upon, he led on, he brought forward, he applied, he inflicted

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to bring upon, lead on, or apply. It can be used in various contexts, such as bringing a force against someone, leading someone forward, or applying effort or care to something. It often implies an action that causes something to come into being or to be directed towards a particular outcome.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΠΙΦΕΡΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epi, 'upon, to') and ἄγω (agō, 'to lead, to bring'). It literally means 'to lead upon' or 'to bring upon'.

G5157

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: tra-PEN-tas

Translations: having been turned, having been put to flight, routed

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'τρέπω' (trepō), meaning 'to turn' or 'to put to flight'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred to the subject. In this form, it indicates that the subjects have been turned or routed, often implying defeat in battle.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΦΥΓΟΝΤΑΣ, ΗΤΤΗΘΕΝΤΑΣ

Etymology: The word τρέπω (trepō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also convey the idea of turning or changing direction.

G3360

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during

Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ

Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.

G2564, G4649

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: ka-loo-MEH-noo-SKO-poo

Translations: of the one called a watchman, of the one named a watchman, of the so-called watchman, of the so-called overseer

Notes: This word is a compound phrase, likely a misspelling or concatenation of two words: 'καλούμενου' (kaloumenou), meaning 'of the one being called' or 'of the so-called', and 'σκοποῦ' (skopou), meaning 'of a watchman' or 'of an overseer'. Together, it refers to 'of the one called a watchman' or 'of the so-called overseer'. It is used to describe something belonging to or related to a person designated as a watchman or overseer.

Inflection: Participle: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Present, Passive; Noun: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

G1330

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-EH-kheh

Translations: it extends, it reaches, it stretches, it spreads

Notes: This is a verb meaning "to extend," "to reach," or "to stretch out." It is a compound word formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning "through" or "apart," and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning "to have" or "to hold." It describes something that spans a distance or spreads over an area.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΕΦΑΠΛΟΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΕΧΩ is formed from the prefix διά (dia), meaning "through" or "apart," and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning "to have" or "to hold." It implies a sense of holding or extending through a space.

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G1747, G4328

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-doh-thee-SEH-sthai pros-doh-KOHN

Translations: to expect to be given in, to expect to surrender, to expect to yield

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the future passive infinitive of ἐνδίδωμι (endidōmi), meaning 'to give in, surrender, or yield,' and the present active participle of προσδοκάω (prosdokaō), meaning 'to expect or await.' Therefore, the combined meaning is 'expecting to be given in,' 'expecting to surrender,' or 'expecting to yield.' It describes someone who is in a state of anticipation regarding a future act of giving in or surrendering.

Inflection: Compound word: First part is Future Passive Infinitive; Second part is Present Active Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: EHF

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by

Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.

Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G4183, G1300

Part of Speech: Adjective, Verb

Sounds like: pol-LOOS dee-ah-FEE-ken

Translations: many, much, he spread abroad, he reported, he made known

Notes: This is a phrase composed of two words: 'ΠΟΛΛΟΥΣ' (pollous), meaning 'many' or 'much', and 'ΔΙΑΦΗΚΕΝ' (diaphēken), which is a verb meaning 'he/she/it spread abroad' or 'he/she/it reported'. Together, the phrase means 'he/she/it spread abroad many things' or 'he/she/it reported much'.

Inflection: ΠΟΛΛΟΥΣ: Accusative, Masculine, Plural; ΔΙΑΦΗΚΕΝ: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΔΙΑΦΗΜΙ: ΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

G3748

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: HEE-tis

Translations: who, which, whoever, whichever, whatever

Notes: ΗΤΙΣ is a relative pronoun, used to introduce a clause that describes a preceding noun. It is a compound word formed from the definite article and the indefinite pronoun. It functions similarly to 'who' or 'which' in English, often providing additional information about a person or thing. It is used in a descriptive sense, often emphasizing the quality or characteristic of the antecedent.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the feminine definite article 'ἡ' (he) and the indefinite pronoun 'τις' (tis). It developed in Koine Greek to provide a more emphatic or descriptive relative pronoun than the simple 'ὅς' (hos).

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: hoo-per-beh-re-TIE-oo

Translations: of Hyperberetaios, of Hyperberetaius

Notes: This word refers to the month of Hyperberetaios, which was the first month of the Macedonian calendar, corresponding roughly to October in the Julian calendar. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or relation, often translated as 'of Hyperberetaios' when referring to a date.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Hyperberetaios' is of Macedonian origin, referring to the first month of the ancient Macedonian calendar. It is thought to be related to a festival or ritual, possibly involving the carrying (bearing) of something 'over' or 'beyond'.

G1299

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-TAH-xahs

Translations: having arranged, having commanded, having ordered, having appointed, having instructed

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb 'διατάσσω' (diatassō), meaning 'to arrange thoroughly,' 'to command,' or 'to give instructions.' As a participle, it describes an action completed in the past by the subject of the main verb, often translated as 'having arranged' or 'having commanded.' It implies a definitive and authoritative act of organization or direction.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΤΑΣΣΩ

G1521

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-AY-gen

Translations: he was leading in, he was bringing in, he was introducing, he was bringing forward

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'eisagō', meaning 'to lead in' or 'to bring in'. It is a compound word formed from 'eis' (into) and 'agō' (to lead). It describes an action of bringing someone or something into a place, or introducing a person or topic. In this form, it indicates a continuous or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕἸΣΦΕΡΩ, ΕἸΣΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: OH-men

Translations: unknown

Notes: The word "ΟΜΕΝ" does not appear to be a standalone word in Koine Greek. It is most likely a common verbal ending, specifically the first person plural (we) ending for various tenses and moods (e.g., present indicative, imperfect indicative, aorist indicative, subjunctive, optative, participle). For example, in the provided usage, "ΠΟΙΗΣΟΜΕΝ" (poiesomen) means "we will do" and "ΦΥΛΑΣΣΟΜΕΝΟΙ" (phylassomenoi) means "being guarded/keeping ourselves". The ending "-omen" itself doesn't carry independent meaning but indicates the subject 'we' performing the action of the verb stem it's attached to. As a standalone word, it is unknown.

Inflection: First Person Plural

G1218

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DEE-mos

Translations: people, the people, common people, populace, a people, district

Notes: This word refers to the common people, the populace, or a community of people. It can also denote a specific district or locality where people reside. It is often used to distinguish the general population from rulers or elites.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to δαίω (daiō, "to divide"), referring to a division of land or people. It is the origin of English words like 'democracy' and 'demography'.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stah-see-AS-tays

Translations: to a rebel, to a rioter, to a seditionist, to a revolutionary, to a factious person, to a partisan, to a dissenter, to a mutineer, to a conspirator, to a troublemaker

Notes: This word refers to someone who engages in rebellion, sedition, or civil strife. It describes a person who causes division or takes part in an uprising. In the provided context, it is used in the dative plural, indicating 'to' or 'for' these individuals.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ, ΤΑΡΑΧΟΠΟΙΟΣ

G1726

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: em-PHROO-ros

Translations: guarded, kept, garrisoned, a guarded one

Notes: This word describes something that is guarded or kept under military watch. It implies being protected or secured by a garrison or a guard. It is used to describe a state of being protected or confined by a military force.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΦΡΟΥΡΟΣ, ΤΗΡΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in', and φρουρός (phrouros), meaning 'a guard' or 'a watcher'. It literally means 'in guard' or 'under guard'.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stah-see-as-TAI

Translations: rebels, insurgents, rioters, revolutionaries

Notes: This word refers to individuals who engage in rebellion, sedition, or civil strife. It describes people who are involved in an uprising or a violent disturbance against authority or the established order. It is used to denote those who cause division or factionalism.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΑΙ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΑΙ, ΤΑΡΑΧΟΠΟΙΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ (stasiastēs) is derived from the Greek word ΣΤΑΣΙΣ (stasis), meaning 'a standing, a party, a faction, sedition, rebellion'. It refers to someone who takes a stand or forms a faction, often in opposition to authority.

G2157

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-TAK-see-ahn

Translations: order, good order, discipline, good discipline, a good order, a good discipline

Notes: This word refers to good order, discipline, or proper arrangement. It describes a state of being well-ordered and organized, often implying a sense of decorum or proper conduct. It can be used to describe the orderly conduct of a group or the proper arrangement of things.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΟΣ, ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΕΥ̓ΚΟΣΜΙΑ

Etymology: The word Εὐταξία (eutaxia) is a compound word derived from two Greek elements: εὖ (eu), meaning 'good' or 'well', and τάξις (taxis), meaning 'order' or 'arrangement'. Thus, it literally means 'good order' or 'well-arranged state'.

G2655

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-plah-GEN-tes

Translations: being astonished, having been astonished, amazed, struck with amazement, astounded

Notes: This word is a masculine plural aorist passive participle, meaning 'having been struck with amazement' or 'being utterly astonished'. It describes a state of profound surprise or shock, often implying a strong emotional reaction to something unexpected or overwhelming. It is used to describe people who are deeply impressed or overwhelmed by an event or sight.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΤΤΟΜΑΙ, ΘΑΥΜΑΖΩ

G1854

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EX-oh

Translations: outside, out, without, abroad

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'outside' or 'out'. It indicates a position or direction away from an interior or a boundary. It can be used to describe something that is physically located outside, or metaphorically, something that is excluded or beyond a certain limit.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΟΣ, ΕΞΩΘΕΝ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the suffix -ω, which forms adverbs of place. It denotes a position or movement from the inside to the outside.

G1504

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-KOHN

Translations: image, an image, likeness, a likeness, representation, a representation, statue, a statue, idol, an idol

Notes: This word refers to an image, likeness, or representation of something, whether physical or abstract. It can denote a statue, a portrait, or even a resemblance in character or nature. It is often used to describe something that perfectly reflects or embodies another.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΙΩΜΑ, ΤΥΠΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: The word Εἰκών (eikōn) is derived from the verb ἔοικα (eoika), meaning 'to be like, to resemble'. It refers to something that is made to be like or resemble another.

G1782

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: en-doh-TEH-roh

Translations: further in, further within, deeper, more inward, into the inner part

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb, meaning 'further in' or 'more inward'. It indicates a movement or position that is deeper or more internal than something else. It can be used to describe moving further into a building, a region, or a state.

Inflection: Comparative Adverb

Synonyms: ΕΣΩΤΕΡΩ, ΕΝΤΟΣ

Etymology: Derived from the adverb ἔνδον (endon), meaning 'within' or 'inside'. The suffix -τέρω is used to form comparative adverbs, indicating 'further' or 'more'.

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-RON

Translations: sacred, holy, consecrated, a sacred place, a temple, temple

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'sacred,' 'holy,' or 'consecrated.' When used as a noun, it refers to a 'sacred place' or, more specifically, a 'temple.' It describes something set apart for religious purposes or dedicated to a deity.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΙΕΡΟΣ (hieros) comes from a pre-Greek substrate word, possibly related to the concept of 'strength' or 'power,' which became associated with divine power and sacredness.

G0390

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-KHO-roon

Translations: they were withdrawing, they were departing, they were retiring, they were going away

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative third person plural form of the verb 'ἈΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action of withdrawing, departing, or going away, performed by a group of people in the past. It implies a movement away from a place or situation, often for safety, privacy, or to avoid conflict.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΧΩΡΕΩ

G3928

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: par-el-THON

Translations: having come, having gone, having passed by, having passed through, having passed away, having gone away, having gone aside, having gone on

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb 'παρέρχομαι' (parerchomai). It describes an action that has been completed in the past, often indicating movement or passage. It can mean 'having come,' 'having gone,' 'having passed by,' or 'having passed through/away.' It is often used to describe someone who has arrived at a place, or who has moved past something, or something that has ceased to exist.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΛΘΩΝ, ΕΛΘΩΝ, ΔΙΕΛΘΩΝ

G4377

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-ah-go-REH-oo-men-ayn

Translations: called, named, addressed as, a called, a named, an addressed as

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being called' or 'being named'. It describes something or someone that is referred to by a particular name or title. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, indicating that the noun is the one being called or named. For example, 'the city called Jerusalem' or 'the man named John'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΗΝ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΗΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ (prosagoreuō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ (agoreuō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to proclaim'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak to' or 'to address', which evolved to mean 'to name' or 'to call by name'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: kah-ee-no-PO-lin

Translations: Cainopolis, Kenopolis, New City

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to a specific place, a 'New City'. It is a compound word formed from 'καινός' (new) and 'πόλις' (city). It functions as the name of a city or settlement.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek adjective 'καινός' (kainos), meaning 'new' or 'fresh', and the Greek noun 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city' or 'town'. It literally translates to 'New City' and was used as a place name for various settlements.

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: doh-KOHN

Translations: seeming, thinking, supposing, appearing, considering, imagining

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'δοκέω' (dokeō), meaning 'to seem', 'to think', 'to suppose', or 'to appear'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state related to the main verb of a sentence. It can convey the idea of 'he who thinks', 'they who seem', or 'while supposing'. It often indicates a subjective perception or opinion.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩΝ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From the root 'δοκ-' (dok-), related to 'δέχομαι' (dechomai, to receive), suggesting an original sense of 'what is received' or 'what is accepted as true'.

G0058

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-go-RAH

Translations: marketplace, a marketplace, market, a market, public square, a public square

Notes: This word refers to a public place of assembly, typically an open space in a city or town. It was used for various purposes, including commerce (a market), legal proceedings, and general public gatherings. It is often translated as 'marketplace' or 'public square'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΛΑΤΕΙΑ, ἘΜΠΟΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'Ἀγορά' (Agora) comes from the Greek verb 'ἀγείρω' (ageirō), meaning 'to gather' or 'to assemble'. It refers to a place where people gather.

G2064

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: el-THOHN

Translations: having come, when he came, after coming, coming

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed before the main verb's action. It often functions adverbially, indicating the time or circumstance of the main action, such as 'when he came' or 'after he had come'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΗΚΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G0473

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AN-tee-KROO

Translations: opposite, directly opposite, in front of, face to face, over against

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a position or direction. It means 'opposite' or 'directly in front of' something or someone. It can also convey the sense of 'face to face' or 'over against'. It is used to describe location or confrontation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ

Etymology: From ἀντί (anti, "against") and κρύπτω (kruptō, "to hide"), literally meaning "against what is hidden" or "in plain sight, not hidden".

G0937

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bah-see-lee-KEES

Translations: royal, kingly, of a king, a king's, of the king, a palace, a royal house, a royal court, a royal residence

Notes: This word describes something belonging to or characteristic of a king or royalty. It can refer to something that is royal, kingly, or pertaining to a king. In some contexts, it can also refer to a royal building or palace, or even the royal court or residence. It is often used to describe things that are under the authority or ownership of a king.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

G1487

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eye-PER

Translations: if indeed, if perhaps, since, seeing that

Notes: This word is a compound conjunction formed from εἰ (if) and περ (indeed, very). It is used to introduce a conditional clause, often implying that the condition is true or likely to be true, or to emphasize the certainty of the condition. It can also convey a sense of 'since' or 'seeing that' when the condition is presented as a known fact.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕἸ, ἘΑΝ

Etymology: From the Greek conjunction εἰ (if) and the particle περ (indeed, very).

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G1787, G3588

Part of Speech: Adverbial Phrase, Prepositional Phrase

Sounds like: EN-tos-TON

Translations: within the, inside the, among the

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed from the adverb/preposition ἘΝΤΟΣ (entos), meaning 'within' or 'inside', and the genitive plural definite article ΤΩΝ (tōn), meaning 'of the'. Together, ἘΝΤΟΣΤΩΝ functions as a prepositional phrase indicating location or inclusion, specifically 'within the' or 'inside the' (plural noun). It is used to describe something being located inside a group or boundary.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a fixed phrase, though its components are inflected)

G3916

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pah-rah-OO-tee-kah

Translations: immediately, at once, forthwith, straightway

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'immediately' or 'at once'. It is used to indicate that an action happens without delay, right after something else, or without any intervening time. It emphasizes the suddenness or promptness of an event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΕΩΣ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΤΑΧΕΩΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of παρά (para, 'beside, by') and αὐτίκα (autika, 'at once, immediately'). The combination emphasizes the sense of immediate proximity in time.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-khen

Translations: he had, she had, it had, he held, she held, it held, he possessed, she possessed, it possessed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It can be used to indicate possession, a state of being, or to describe someone holding or keeping something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἔχω (echō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with a wide range of meanings and uses.

G4845

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-BEH

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it occurred, it befell

Notes: This is an impersonal verb form meaning 'it happened' or 'it occurred'. It describes an event or circumstance that took place, often used to introduce a consequence or a development in a narrative. It is typically used in the third person singular.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word συμβαίνω (symbainō) is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Thus, it literally means 'to go together' or 'to come together', which evolved into the meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'.

G2647

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-LEH-loos-thai

Translations: to be destroyed, to be overthrown, to be dissolved, to be abolished, to be pulled down, to be lodged, to be unloosed

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, which means to destroy, overthrow, dissolve, or abolish. It can also mean to pull down a building, or to lodge somewhere (like a traveler). In the passive voice, as here, it means to be destroyed or overthrown. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (down, against) and the verb ΛΥΩ (to loose, release, destroy).

Inflection: Perfect, Infinitive, Passive

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΑΝΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΩ

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-toh-peh-DAR-khees

Translations: commander of the camp, a commander of the camp, prefect of the praetorium, commander of the guard

Notes: This is a compound word derived from 'στρατόπεδον' (camp) and 'ἄρχων' (ruler, commander). It refers to a military officer who commands a camp or a body of troops, often specifically the commander of the Praetorian Guard in the Roman Empire. It is used to describe a high-ranking military official.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΙΛΙΑΡΧΟΣ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek στρατόπεδον (stratopedon, “camp”) + ἄρχων (arkhōn, “ruler, commander”).

G3588, G0159

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Noun

Sounds like: TAYN-ai-TEE-an

Translations: the cause, the reason, the charge, a cause, a reason, a charge

Notes: This is a compound of the definite article 'the' (τὴν) and the noun 'cause, reason, charge' (αἰτίαν). It refers to the specific cause, reason, or accusation for something. It is used in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΦΑΣΙΣ, ΛΟΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑἸΤΙΑ (aitia) comes from the Greek word αἴτιος (aitios), meaning 'responsible, causative'.

G4171

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-leh-mos

Translations: war, a war, battle, a battle, fight, a fight

Notes: This word refers to a state of armed conflict between different countries or groups, or a particular series of battles or campaigns. It can also refer to a struggle or conflict of any kind. It is typically used in the singular, but can also be found in the plural to denote multiple conflicts or aspects of war.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΕΡΙΣ, ΑΓΩΝ

Etymology: The etymology of ΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be of pre-Greek origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to fight' or 'to contend'.

G5118

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: toh-SOO-ton

Translations: so great, so much, so many, so large, so far, such, a such

Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective or pronoun meaning 'so great,' 'so much,' or 'so many.' It is used to indicate a quantity, size, or extent that is as great as something previously mentioned or implied. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun or as a pronoun standing in for a noun. For example, it might be used to say 'so great a crowd' or 'so much money.'

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΟΣΟΣ, ΤΗΛΙΚΟΥΤΟΣ

G4260

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: proo-BEE

Translations: went forward, advanced, proceeded, came to pass, happened

Notes: This word describes the action of moving forward, advancing, or progressing. It can refer to physical movement, but also to the progression of time or events, meaning something came to pass or happened. It is often used to indicate a development or a reaching of a certain point.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΚΟΠΤΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before, forward”) + βαίνω (baínō, “to go, walk”).

G0408

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: an-ee-KES-ton

Translations: (of) incurable, (of) irreparable, (of) irremediable, (of) unrecoverable

Notes: This word describes something that is beyond remedy or repair, signifying a state of incurability or irreparable damage. It is often used to refer to misfortunes, disasters, or injuries that cannot be fixed or recovered from. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix ἀν- (an-, 'not') and the verb ἥκω (hēkō, 'to have come, to be fitting, to be proper'), implying something that is 'not fitting' or 'not coming to a proper end,' hence incurable.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΑΝΙΑΤΟΣ, ΑΝΕΠΑΝΟΡΘΩΤΟΣ

G4875

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soom-fo-RON

Translations: of misfortunes, of calamities, of disasters, of events, of circumstances

Notes: This word refers to an event, circumstance, or occurrence, often with a negative connotation, implying misfortune, calamity, or disaster. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'φορά' (a bringing, a bearing). It describes something that is brought together or happens concurrently, leading to a particular outcome, frequently an unfortunate one. It is used to describe a series of unfortunate events or a state of distress.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΙΑ, ΠΑΘΟΣ, ΑΤΥΧΗΜΑ

G0378

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-plees-THEE-nai

Translations: to be filled, to be fulfilled, to be completed, to be accomplished

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of 'ἀναπληρόω'. It means 'to be filled up' or 'to be completed'. It can refer to something being brought to its full measure or conclusion, such as a prophecy being fulfilled or a period of time being completed. It is often used to describe an action that is done to something, rather than by something.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΤΕΛΕΩ

G4899

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-EH-peh-sen

Translations: fell, fell down, fell together, collapsed, coincided, happened, occurred

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΠΙΠΤΩ (PIPTO), meaning 'to fall'. In its aorist indicative active form, it means 'he/she/it fell together', 'collapsed', or 'coincided'. It can also mean 'to happen' or 'to occur', especially when referring to events falling together in time.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G1109

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: gno-REE-mon

Translations: of acquaintances, of friends, of well-known people

Notes: This word refers to those who are well-known or familiar, often translated as 'acquaintances' or 'friends'. It is used to describe people with whom one has a personal relationship or who are recognized within a community. In the provided context, it appears in the genitive plural, indicating 'among acquaintances' or 'in the midst of well-known people'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΙΛΩΝ, ΟΙΚΕΙΩΝ, ΣΥΝΗΘΩΝ

G3982

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peis-THEN-tes

Translations: having been persuaded, having obeyed, having trusted, having been convinced

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'peithō', meaning 'to persuade' or 'to trust'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, indicating that the subjects have undergone the process of being persuaded, convinced, or having come to trust/obey. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb in the sentence, often indicating the reason or circumstance for another action.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΕΣ, ΠΕΠΕΙΣΜΕΝΟΙ

G2778

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KES-tee-on

Translations: girdle, a girdle, belt, a belt

Notes: This word refers to a girdle or a belt, typically worn around the waist. It could be used to hold clothing in place or to carry items. In ancient contexts, girdles were often significant for both practical and symbolic reasons.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΖΩΝΗ, ΔΙΑΖΩΜΑ

Etymology: The word "ΚΕΣΤΙΟΝ" is derived from the Greek word "κεστός" (kestos), meaning 'embroidered' or 'stitched', referring to a type of embroidered girdle, especially one worn by women.

G3709

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: or-GAYN

Translations: wrath, anger, indignation, punishment, a wrath, an anger

Notes: This word refers to a strong, passionate emotion, often intense anger or indignation. It can describe human anger, but is frequently used in a theological context to refer to God's righteous anger or divine judgment, which often leads to punishment. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΣ, ΠΑΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΡΓΗ (orgē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *werg-, meaning 'to work' or 'to do'. It originally referred to an impulse or natural disposition, which then evolved to mean a strong emotion or passion, and eventually anger or wrath.

G3844, G5259, G4100

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pan-yoo-pis-TEV-sas

Translations: having fully believed, having completely trusted, having entirely relied

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the prefix ΠΑΝ- (pan-), meaning "all" or "completely," the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning "under" or "secretly/subtly," and the verb ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ (pisteuō), meaning "to believe" or "to trust." The combination suggests a very strong, complete, or subtle form of belief or trust. As an aorist active participle, it describes an action of believing or trusting that was completed in the past, often indicating the cause or circumstance of another action. It would be used in a sentence to describe someone who, having fully believed or trusted, then did something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΩΣ, ΠΕΠΕΙΣΜΕΝΟΣ

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G0143

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ahee-STHOH-meh-noy

Translations: perceiving, having perceived, sensing, having sensed, understanding, having understood, noticing, having noticed, becoming aware, having become aware

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to perceive' or 'to sense'. It describes an action of perceiving or becoming aware that has already occurred. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and indicates that the subject has gained knowledge or understanding through their senses or intellect. It is often used to introduce a clause explaining what was perceived.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΏΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ, ΜΑΘΌΝΤΕΣ, ἘΠΙΓΙΝΏΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ

G0367

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-NAH-non

Translations: Ananus, Ananias

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the name Ananus, a common Jewish name in the New Testament period. It is often used to refer to the high priest Ananias. In the provided context, it refers to a specific individual named Ananus, likely the son of Ananias.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Ananus is of Hebrew origin, derived from the name Hananiah, meaning 'Yahweh has been gracious' or 'Yahweh is gracious'. It was a common name among Jews during the Second Temple period.

G2598

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-BAH-lon

Translations: cast down, threw down, overthrew, laid down, pulled down, demolished

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (down) and the verb βάλλω (to throw). It means to throw down, cast down, or overthrow. It can be used literally to describe physically throwing something or someone down, or metaphorically to describe overthrowing a government, demolishing structures, or defeating an opponent. In the provided examples, it refers to causing injury or defeat, or demolishing cities.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΩ, ΑΝΑΤΡΕΠΩ, ΡΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: The verb καταβάλλω is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. The combination signifies the action of throwing something downwards or casting it to the ground.

G1339, G575

Part of Speech: Participle, Preposition

Sounds like: dee-as-TAN-tes ap-O

Translations: having stood apart from, having separated from, having withdrawn from

Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of a participle and a preposition. ΔΙΑΣΤΑΝΤΕΣ is the masculine/neuter, nominative/accusative, plural, aorist active participle of the verb ΔΙΣΤΗΜΙ, meaning 'to stand apart' or 'to separate'. ἈΠΟ is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'away from'. Together, the phrase means 'having stood apart from' or 'having separated from', indicating a past action of moving away or withdrawing from something or someone.

Inflection: Participle: Aorist Active, Plural, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative. Preposition: Does not inflect.

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΙΣΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ΑΦΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΟΙ

G4444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PYR-gohn

Translations: of towers, towers

Notes: This word refers to towers, which are tall, fortified structures, often part of a city wall or a standalone defensive building. In its genitive plural form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of towers' or 'belonging to towers'. It can also be used to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly pre-Greek. It refers to a tower or a fortified structure.

G662

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-pay-roh-MEH-noos

Translations: testing, trying, attempting, putting to the test, making trial of

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'apopeiraomai', meaning to test, try, or make trial of someone or something. It implies an action of putting to the proof or attempting to discover the nature or quality of something through experience or examination. It is often used in contexts where someone is being challenged or scrutinized.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ, ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ

G0906

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-BAL-lon

Translations: they were throwing, they threw, they were casting, they cast, they were putting, they put

Notes: This is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'βάλλω' (ballō). It describes an action of throwing, casting, or putting that was ongoing or repeated in the past. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'they were throwing stones' or 'they kept putting things down'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ

G3841

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PAN-toh-then

Translations: from all sides, on every side, everywhere, all around

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating origin or direction from all points or in all directions. It describes something that comes from or is present on every side, encompassing a complete surrounding area. It can be used to describe a situation where something is happening or coming from all directions simultaneously.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΑΧΟΥ

Etymology: From the root of ΠΑΣ (all) and the suffix -θεν (from, indicating origin or direction).

G0279, G1510

Part of Speech: Adjective, Verb

Sounds like: ah-MAY-khah-nos-EEN

Translations: was helpless, was impossible, was without means, was at a loss, was perplexed

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the adjective ἀμήχανος (amēchanos) meaning 'helpless' or 'impossible', and the verb ἦν (ēn), which is the imperfect form of εἰμί (eimi), meaning 'was'. The two words are joined by an elision, where the final vowel of ἀμήχανος is dropped before the initial vowel of ἦν. Together, it describes a state of being without means, helpless, or in an impossible situation in the past.

Inflection: Adjective: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine; Verb: Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΡΟΣ, ΑΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-bo-LEE

Translations: attack, assault, onset, a charge, an encounter

Notes: This word refers to an act of attacking or assaulting, an onset, or a charge. It describes the action of coming against something or someone, often with force or hostility. It can also refer to an encounter or a collision.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΘΕΣΙΣ, ΕΦΟΔΟΣ, ΚΡΟΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΒΟΛΗ (prosbolē) is derived from the verb προσβάλλω (prosballō), meaning 'to throw at, to attack, to assault.' It is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, toward, against,' and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw, to cast.'

G1966

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ep-ee-OO-see

Translations: next, following, coming, approaching, on the next day, the following day

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'next,' 'following,' or 'coming.' It is often used substantively, especially in the dative feminine singular (as in the provided examples, 'τῇ ἐπιούσῃ'), where it implies 'day' or 'morning,' thus translating to 'on the next day' or 'on the following day.' It describes something that is imminent or immediately succeeding.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΗ, ΕΦΕΞΗΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΟΥΣΗ is derived from the verb ΕΠΕΙΜΙ (epeimi), meaning 'to come upon' or 'to follow.' It is a compound of the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to,' and the verb ΕΙΜΙ (eimi), meaning 'to go' or 'to come.'

G0353

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-nah-lah-BOHN

Translations: taking up, having taken up, receiving, assuming, picking up, restoring

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb ἀναλαμβάνω. It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana, meaning 'up' or 'again') and λαμβάνω (lambanō, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). It generally means to take up, pick up, or receive something, often implying an action of lifting or resuming. It can also mean to assume a role or to restore something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΡΩ

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: pros-ARK-tee-on

Translations: northern, northern part, the north

Notes: This word is a compound word derived from 'πρός' (pros, towards) and 'ἄρκτος' (arktos, bear, referring to the Great Bear constellation and thus the north). It describes something that is northern or pertains to the north. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun, or as a substantive noun referring to the northern region or part.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΟΡΕΙΟΣ, ΑΡΚΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound formed from the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'ἄρκτος' (arktos), meaning 'bear' or 'north'. The suffix '-ιον' is a diminutive or locative ending, indicating a place or a quality related to the root.

G2021, G2824

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: Unknown

Translations: It's not clear what this word means. It could be garbled or badly misspelled.

Notes: This word appears to be a garbled or misspelled combination of two Koine Greek words: 'ἐπιχειρέω' (epicheireō) and 'κλίμα' (klima). 'Ἐπιχειρέω' means 'to put one's hand to, undertake, attempt,' while 'κλίμα' means 'slope, region, climate.' It is highly unlikely that these two words would be combined in this manner in Koine Greek, suggesting a transcription error or a significant misspelling. Therefore, its meaning in this form is unknown.

Inflection: Unknown

G2413, G2411

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-ROH

Translations: holy, sacred, temple, a temple, sacred place, a sacred place, (to) a temple, (to) a sacred place

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'holy' or 'sacred', or as a noun meaning 'temple' or 'sacred place'. When used as a noun, it refers to a sacred building or area, often specifically the Temple in Jerusalem. As an adjective, it describes something set apart for God or dedicated to religious purposes. In the provided form, it is in the dative case, indicating 'to' or 'for' a holy thing or place.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἱερός (hieros) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to sacrifice, to consecrate'. It is related to words signifying 'sacred' or 'holy' in various Indo-European languages.

G4744

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sto-AS

Translations: of a portico, of a colonnade, of a porch, of a stoa

Notes: This word refers to a portico, a colonnade, or a covered walkway, often with columns, typically found in ancient Greek and Roman architecture. It was a common public space used for walking, meeting, and philosophical discussions. The term 'Stoic' philosophy derives its name from the Stoa Poikile (Painted Porch) in Athens, where its founders taught. This form of the word indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand', suggesting a place where one stands or is supported.

G1407

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EER-gon

Translations: they were hindering, they were preventing, they were shutting in, they were confining, they were restraining

Notes: This word is an imperfect active indicative verb, third person plural, meaning 'they were hindering' or 'they were preventing'. It describes an ongoing action in the past, indicating that a group of people or things were in the process of blocking, restraining, or shutting something or someone in. It can also mean to keep someone from doing something.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΩ, ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *werg- 'to shut in, enclose'.

G4178, G3303

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: pol-LAK-is-men

Translations: often indeed, many times, frequently

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the adverb 'ΠΟΛΛΑΚΙΣ' (pollakis), meaning 'often' or 'many times', and the particle 'ΜΕΝ' (men), which often serves to emphasize or contrast, typically translated as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand'. The combined word 'ΠΟΛΛΑΚΙΣΜΕΝ' therefore means 'often indeed' or 'many times, on the one hand', emphasizing the frequency of an action or event, sometimes in contrast to something else that follows.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΧΝΑΚΙΣ, ΠΟΛΛΑΚΙ

G0683

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-KROO-sahn-toh

Translations: they repelled, they pushed back, they drove back, they warded off

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀπο- (apo-), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κρούω (krouō), meaning 'to strike' or 'to knock'. Together, it means to strike or push away, hence to repel, drive back, or ward off. It describes an action of pushing something or someone away, often in a defensive or forceful manner.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΩΘΕΩ, ΑΠΕΛΑΥΝΩ, ΑΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-el-THON-tas

Translations: approaching, having approached, coming to, having come to, those who approached, those who came to

Notes: This word is a masculine or feminine, accusative plural, aorist active participle derived from the compound verb προσέρχομαι (proserchomai), meaning 'to come to' or 'to approach'. It describes an action completed in the past, indicating 'those who approached' or 'having approached'. It is often used to describe people coming near to someone or something, such as coming to a person, a place, or even God.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΙΟΝΤΑΣ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ

G5056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEH-los

Translations: end, a goal, a purpose, an outcome, a completion, a tax, a custom, a duty

Notes: This word refers to an end, a goal, a purpose, or the completion of something. It can also refer to a tax or custom duty. It is often used to denote the conclusion of an event or process, or the ultimate aim or objective. In some contexts, it refers to the payment of tribute or taxes.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ

Etymology: The word ΤΕΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn, to accomplish, to fulfill'. It is related to words signifying completion, fulfillment, and the end of a process.

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thay-ee-TON

Translations: of the multitude, of the crowd, of the great number, of the mass

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'πλήθος' (plethos), meaning 'multitude,' 'crowd,' or 'great number.' It refers to a large quantity or collection of people or things. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of the' before the noun.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ, ΣΥΝΟΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (to fill). It is related to words meaning 'full' or 'many'.

G0303

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-ko-PEN-tes

Translations: having been cut off, having been hindered, having been prevented, having been driven back, those who were cut off, those who were hindered

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb ἀνακόπτω (anakoptō). It means to be cut off, hindered, or driven back. As a participle, it describes someone or something that has undergone this action, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially in a sentence, indicating a state or action completed in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ἘΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ, ΚΩΛΥΩ, ἈΠΟΚΡΟΥΩ

Etymology: The verb ἀνακόπτω (anakoptō) is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and κόπτω (koptō), meaning 'to cut' or 'to strike'. Thus, it literally means 'to cut back' or 'to strike back', leading to the sense of hindering or repelling.

G5298

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-peh-khoh-RAY-san

Translations: they withdrew, they retired, they departed, they gave way, they yielded

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to withdraw' or 'to retire'. It describes the action of moving back or away from a place, often in the context of retreating, yielding, or giving way to someone or something. It can be used to describe a military retreat or simply moving out of the way.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΚΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word Ὑποχωρέω (hypochōreō) is a compound of ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'from under', and χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to make room, go, come'. The combination implies moving away or giving ground.

G4413, G3588

Part of Speech: Adjective, Article

Sounds like: PRO-toy-TOOS

Translations: the first, the foremost

Notes: This word is a compound of the adjective 'πρῶτοι' (first, foremost) and the definite article 'τοὺς' (the, accusative masculine plural). It refers to 'the first ones' or 'the foremost ones' in a group, specifically those who are masculine or grammatically masculine. It would be used to describe the initial or leading individuals in a particular context, often implying a position of leadership or priority.

Inflection: Compound word, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

G1828

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ex-eh-REI-san-tes

Translations: having propped, having braced, having fixed, having leaned, having supported

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having propped' or 'having braced'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject. It is often used to describe the act of leaning something against a support, or bracing oneself or an object firmly against something else. For example, it could describe soldiers bracing their shields against a wall.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΤΗΡΙΖΩ, ΕΡΕΙΔΩ, ΥΠΟΣΤΗΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἐξερείδω (exereidō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ἐρείδω (ereidō), meaning 'to prop', 'to lean', or 'to support'. The prefix ἐκ intensifies the action, suggesting a firm or outward bracing.

G1836

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ex-ACE

Translations: next, following, in a row, in succession, consecutively, thereafter, subsequently

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'next' or 'in succession'. It is used to indicate that something follows in order, either spatially or temporally. For example, it can describe events happening one after another, or items arranged consecutively.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΦΕΞΗΣ, ΚΑΘΕΞΗΣ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and ἑξῆς, which is related to ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It conveys the idea of 'holding out' or 'following out' in sequence.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ka-loo-MEH-nayn

Translations: called, named, being called, being named, the one called, the one named

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to name'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that is being called or named. It can be used to introduce a descriptive phrase or clause, often indicating a characteristic or identity.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

G5561, G5420

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: KHE-loh-NANE EF-RAX-an-toh

Translations: a tortoise, a testudo formation, they fortified themselves, they enclosed themselves, they hedged themselves in

Notes: This appears to be a compound phrase or a misjoined word, likely combining the noun 'ΧΕΛΩΝΗ' (chelone), meaning 'tortoise' or, in a military context, a 'testudo formation' (a shield formation), and the verb 'ἘΦΡΑΞΑΝΤΟ' (ephraxanto), which means 'they fortified themselves' or 'they enclosed themselves'. The phrase would thus describe soldiers forming a testudo and fortifying themselves with it. The first part, 'ΧΕΛΩΝΗΝ', is the accusative singular of 'ΧΕΛΩΝΗ'. The second part, 'ἘΦΡΑΞΑΝΤΟ', is the aorist middle indicative third person plural of 'ΦΡΑΣΣΩ' (phrassō).

Inflection: ΧΕΛΩΝΗΝ: Singular, Accusative, Feminine. ἘΦΡΑΞΑΝΤΟ: Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative Mood, Third Person, Plural.

Synonyms: ΤΕΡΤΟΥΔΩ, ΟΧΥΡΟΩ, ΠΕΡΙΦΡΑΤΤΩ

G2596

G3588, G3739, G3778, G5101

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: HAYS

Translations: (of) the, (of) who, (of) which, (of) this, (of) that, (of) what

Notes: The word "ΗΣ" is a versatile form in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as the genitive singular for masculine and feminine nouns. It can be the genitive singular of the definite article 'the', indicating possession or relationship. It can also be the genitive singular of the relative pronoun 'who/which', connecting clauses, or the demonstrative pronoun 'this/that', pointing to something specific. Additionally, it can be the genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun 'what/who', used in questions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

G5342

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: feh-ROH-meh-nah

Translations: being carried, being borne, being brought, being led, being driven, things being carried, things being borne, things being brought, things being led, things being driven

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'φέρω' (pherō), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is currently happening to the subject. In this form, it means 'being carried' or 'being borne', indicating that the subject is receiving the action of carrying or bearing. It is often used to describe things that are moved or driven by an external force.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΟΜΕΝΑ, ΚΟΜΙΖΟΜΕΝΑ

Etymology: The word φέρω (pherō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'. It is a very ancient and common verb in Greek, with cognates in many other Indo-European languages.

G0655

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PRAHK-tah

Translations: ineffective, useless, without result, unsuccessful, without effect, in vain

Notes: This word describes something that is ineffective, useless, or has not achieved its intended purpose. It can refer to actions or efforts that yield no result, or to things that are unproductive. It is often used to describe a state of being without accomplishment or success. In its neuter plural form, it can function adverbially, meaning 'without effect' or 'in vain'.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΝΕΡΓΗΤΟΣ, ΑΚΑΡΠΟΣ, ΜΑΤΑΙΟΣ

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G2559

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-koo-MEH-noy

Translations: being ill-treated, being afflicted, being tormented, being oppressed, being mistreated, being harmed

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being ill-treated' or 'being afflicted'. It describes someone who is currently undergoing hardship, suffering, or mistreatment. It can be used to describe people who are being harmed, oppressed, or tormented by others or by circumstances.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΘΛΙΒΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΑΣΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΒΑΣΑΝΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΙ

G5280

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-peh-SOO-ron

Translations: they dragged away, they drew away, they pulled away, they withdrew, they slipped away

Notes: This word describes the action of dragging, drawing, or pulling something away, often from underneath or secretly. It can also imply a slipping or withdrawing motion, suggesting a gradual or subtle removal. In the provided context, it likely refers to something being dragged or slipping away, possibly due to a slippery substance.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ, ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΦΕΥΓΩ

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: too ee-eh-ROO

Translations: of the holy, of the sacred, of the temple

Notes: This word is likely a misspelling or a garbled form of 'τοῦ ἱεροῦ' (tou hierou), which means 'of the holy' or 'of the sacred'. It is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the adjective 'ἱερός' (hieros), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred', preceded by the definite article 'τοῦ' (tou), meaning 'of the'. It would be used to describe something belonging to or related to a holy person, place, or thing, such as 'of the temple' or 'of the sacred place'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΥ, ΟΣΙΟΥ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-po-PIM-pra-nai

Translations: to set on fire, to burn, to burn up, to set ablaze

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ὑπό' (under, secretly, slightly) and the verb 'πίμπραμαι' (to burn). It means to set something on fire, to burn it, or to burn it up, often implying a complete or destructive burning. It can be used in contexts of destruction or warfare, referring to the burning of buildings or other structures.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΚΑΙΩ, ΕΜΠΙΠΡΑΩ, ΦΛΕΓΩ

Etymology: The verb 'πίμπραμαι' (to burn) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *per- meaning 'to strike, to hit, to burn'. The prefix 'ὑπό' is from Proto-Indo-European *upo, meaning 'under, below'.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stah-see-AS-tas

Translations: rebels, insurgents, seditionists

Notes: This word refers to individuals who engage in or instigate civil strife, rebellion, or sedition. It describes someone who causes unrest or takes part in an uprising against authority. In a sentence, it would typically be used to describe a group of people involved in such activities.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ, ΑΝΤΙΤΑΚΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ (stasiastēs) is derived from the Greek word στάσις (stasis), meaning 'a standing, a party, a faction, dissension, sedition'. It refers to someone who is part of a faction or causes division.

G1611

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EK-plek-sis

Translations: astonishment, amazement, wonder, a shock, an astonishment, an amazement, a wonder, a shock

Notes: This word refers to a state of being struck with astonishment, amazement, or wonder, often due to something unexpected, overwhelming, or awe-inspiring. It can also denote a sudden shock or terror. It is typically used to describe a strong emotional reaction to an event or revelation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΑΜΒΟΣ, ΕΚΣΤΑΣΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΠΛΗΞΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἐκπλήσσω (ekplēssō), meaning 'to strike out, to strike with panic, to astonish', which is formed from ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and πλήσσω (plēssō, 'to strike').

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-LAH-ben

Translations: he seized, he overtook, he apprehended, he understood, he attained, she seized, she overtook, she apprehended, she understood, she attained, it seized, it overtook, it apprehended, it understood, it attained

Notes: This is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'καταλαμβάνω' (katalambanō). It is a compound verb formed from 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. The verb can mean to seize, lay hold of, overtake, apprehend, or understand. Its meaning often depends on the context, ranging from physical capture to mental comprehension or attainment.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'καταλαμβάνω' is a compound verb derived from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. The prefix 'κατά' intensifies or directs the action of 'λαμβάνω'.

G1161, G4183

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adjective

Sounds like: deh pol-LOY

Translations: but many, and many, many

Notes: This word appears to be a compound or a misspelling of the phrase "δὲ πολλοί" (de polloi), which means "but many" or "and many." The first part, "δὲ," is a postpositive conjunction often translated as "but," "and," or "now," indicating a slight break or transition. The second part, "πολλοί," is the nominative masculine plural form of the adjective "πολύς," meaning "many" or "much." Therefore, the combined phrase refers to a large number of people or things, often introducing a contrast or continuation.

Inflection: Compound of a conjunction and a Nominative, Masculine, Plural adjective

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΛΟΙ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

G1302

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-DEE-dras-kon

Translations: fled, were fleeing, escaped, were escaping

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the prefix διά (dia, meaning 'through' or 'apart') and the verb διδράσκω (didrasko, meaning 'to run' or 'to flee'). It describes the action of fleeing or escaping, often implying a complete or thorough escape, or fleeing in different directions. It is used to describe a continuous or repeated action of fleeing in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ

G0251

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-loh-SOH-meh-nays

Translations: of (something) about to be captured, of (something) about to be taken, of (something) about to be conquered

Notes: This is a future passive participle derived from the verb 'ἁλίσκομαι' (haliskomai), meaning 'to be captured' or 'to be taken'. As a future passive participle, it describes something that is 'about to be captured' or 'going to be taken'. In this specific form, it is genitive, indicating possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing the circumstances of an action.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Future Passive Participle

G0849

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OW-tee-kah

Translations: immediately, at once, forthwith, straightway, instantly, directly

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΘΥΣ, ΠΑΡΑΧΡΗ͂ΜΑ, ΤΑΧΈΩΣ

Etymology: This word is derived from the pronoun αὐτός (autos), meaning 'self' or 'same', combined with the suffix -ικα, which forms adverbs of time or manner. It originally conveyed the sense of 'on the spot' or 'by itself'.

G3588, G1211

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TON-deh

Translations: this, this one, the one here

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'this one'. It is a compound word formed from the accusative masculine singular definite article 'τόν' (the) and the enclitic particle '-δε' (here, this). It is used to point out something specific that is near or present, often emphasizing its proximity or immediate relevance. It functions similarly to 'this' in English, indicating a specific item or person.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the definite article 'ὁ' (ho), which comes from a Proto-Indo-European root, and the enclitic particle '-δε' (de), which is related to demonstrative adverbs and pronouns.

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G4846

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-BAH-ee-nen

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it occurred, it resulted, it turned out, it befell

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (together with) and the verb ΒΑΙΝΩ (to go). It means 'to go together with' or 'to come together', and by extension, 'to happen', 'to occur', or 'to turn out'. It describes an event or outcome that takes place, often implying a natural or logical consequence. It is frequently used impersonally, as in 'it happened that...' or 'it came to pass that...'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΒΑΙΝΩ (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Its meaning evolved from 'to go together' to 'to come to pass' or 'to happen'.

G2292

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: thar-REH-in

Translations: to be courageous, to take courage, to be confident, to be bold, to be of good cheer

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be courageous,' 'to take courage,' or 'to be confident.' It is often used to encourage someone or to describe a state of mind where one feels bold and unafraid, even in difficult circumstances. As an infinitive, it functions like 'to be courageous' or 'to have courage' in a sentence.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΘΑΡΣΕΩ, ΕΥΨΥΧΕΩ

Etymology: The word comes from the Greek root θάρσος (tharsos), meaning 'courage' or 'boldness.'

G2522

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: KAH-tho

Translations: according as, inasmuch as, just as, as, according to

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'according as' or 'inasmuch as'. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies the manner or extent to which something is true or done. It often implies a correspondence or conformity to something previously stated or understood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: ΚΑΘΟ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and the relative pronoun Ο (ho), meaning 'who' or 'which'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-EE-eh-san

Translations: they came to, they approached, they went to, they drew near

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'toward', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Together, it means 'to come to' or 'to approach'. It describes the action of moving towards a person, place, or thing, often with the implication of drawing near or presenting oneself.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

G1209

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: deh-XOH-meh-noy

Translations: receiving, accepting, welcoming, taking, taking up

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δέχoμαι' (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities, describing someone or something that is in the act of receiving or accepting. It can be used to describe the subject of a sentence or to modify a noun, indicating an ongoing action.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Future, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΕΣ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: TON-kes-tee-ON

Translations: unknown

Notes: This word, "ΤΟΝΚΕΣΤΙΟΝ", does not appear to be a recognized word in Koine Greek. It is highly probable that it is a misspelling, a garbled word, or a non-standard transcription. It is not clear what this word means or what its intended usage might be. It could potentially be a very rare proper noun, but without further context or a clear root, its meaning remains unknown.

Inflection: Unknown

Etymology: Cannot find any information about the origin or historical development of this word, as it does not appear to be a standard Koine Greek term.

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G1024

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: BRA-khoo

Translations: short, brief, little, a little, for a short time, briefly, in a short time, by little, gradually

Notes: This word primarily means 'short' or 'brief', referring to duration of time or physical length. It can be used as an adjective to describe something as short or brief. When used adverbially, often with a preposition like 'κατά' (kata), it can mean 'briefly', 'for a short time', 'by little', or 'gradually'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΟΣ, ΜΙΚΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'βραχύς' (brachys) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'short'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of shortness or brevity.

G4147

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: po-lee-OR-kee-ah

Translations: siege, a siege

Notes: This word refers to the act of besieging a city or fortress, or the state of being under siege. It describes the military operation of surrounding a place and cutting off its supplies to compel its surrender. It is a compound word derived from 'πόλις' (polis, city) and 'ἔργον' (ergon, work/deed), literally meaning 'city-work' or 'city-deed'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗ, ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb πολιορκέω (poliorkeō, to besiege), which is a compound of πόλις (polis, city) and ἔργον (ergon, work, deed). It literally means 'city-work' or 'city-deed', referring to the act of besieging a city.

G4336

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-el-ee-PAH-ree-sen

Translations: he urged, he implored, he persisted, he entreated, he begged

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΛΙΠΑΡΕΩ (lipareō), meaning 'to persist' or 'to be importunate'. It describes the action of someone who persistently urges, implores, or begs, often with a sense of insistence or importunity. It implies a continuous or repeated effort to persuade or obtain something.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ, ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΤΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΛΙΠΑΡΕΩ is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in addition to', and the verb ΛΙΠΑΡΕΩ (lipareō), meaning 'to persist, to be importunate'. ΛΙΠΑΡΕΩ itself is derived from ΛΙΠΑΡΟΣ (liparos), meaning 'oily, persistent, importunate'.

G3880

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EL-ab-en

Translations: received, took, took along, took over, took into possession, took control of

Notes: This verb means to receive something, to take something along with oneself, or to take possession or control of something. It often implies taking something from another person or taking something into one's care or possession. It can be used in contexts of receiving traditions, taking someone with you on a journey, or a ruler taking over a kingdom.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G3633

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OY-mahee

Translations: I think, I suppose, I imagine, I believe

Notes: This verb means 'to think', 'to suppose', 'to imagine', or 'to believe'. It is often used parenthetically in a sentence, similar to how one might say 'I think' or 'I suppose' in English to express an opinion or a less certain statement.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ἩΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΝΟΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word Οἴομαι (oiomai) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *oi- meaning 'to think' or 'to suppose'.

G4190, G0654

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: po-nee-ROOS-ah-pes-TRAH-mme-nos

Translations: turned away from evil, averted from evil, turned away from the wicked, averted from the wicked

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'πονηρούς' (ponērous), meaning 'evil' or 'wicked' (in the accusative plural), and 'ἀπεστραμμένος' (apestrammenos), which is a perfect passive participle meaning 'having been turned away' or 'averted'. The compound word describes someone or something that has been turned away or averted from evil or wicked people/things. It implies a state of being turned away or averted from something negative.

Inflection: Compound word: 'ΠΟΝΗΡΟΥΣ' is Accusative, Plural, Masculine; 'ἈΠΕΣΤΡΑΜΜΕΝΟΣ' is Perfect Passive Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G0040

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ah-GEE-ah

Translations: holy, sacred, a holy one, a holy thing

Notes: This word means 'holy' or 'sacred'. It is used to describe people, places, or things that are set apart for God or dedicated to religious purposes. It can also refer to a holy person or thing as a noun. It is the feminine singular form of the adjective 'ΑΓΙΟΣ' (hagios).

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΓΙΑ' comes from the root 'ΑΓΙΟΣ', which is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to venerate' or 'to dread'. It refers to that which is set apart or consecrated.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-BANE

Translations: to take, to receive, to get, to seize, to grasp, to obtain

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to take' or 'to receive', indicating the action itself without specifying a subject or tense, often used after other verbs or prepositions. It can refer to physically taking something, receiving a gift or information, or grasping a concept.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *slegh- ('to seize, to take'). In Greek, it developed into 'λαμβάνω', meaning 'to take, to grasp, to receive'.

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: eh-KEE-nees-TAYS

Translations: unknown

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a garbled combination of two distinct Koine Greek words: ἘΚΕΙΝΗΣ (ekeines), which is the genitive singular feminine form of the demonstrative pronoun ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ (ekeinos), meaning 'that one' or 'that'; and ΤΗΣ (tēs), which is the genitive singular feminine form of the definite article Ὁ (ho), meaning 'the'. It is not a recognized word in Koine Greek, and its meaning is therefore unknown. It is highly probable that this is a typographical error or a transcription mistake.

Inflection: Unknown

G2967

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-OH-loo-sen

Translations: he hindered, he prevented, he forbade, he restrained

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hinder,' 'to prevent,' 'to forbid,' or 'to restrain.' It describes an action of stopping or prohibiting something or someone from doing something. It is used in the past tense, indicating that the action of hindering or preventing has already occurred.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΑΠΟΚΩΛΥΩ

Etymology: The word κωλύω (kōlyō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to cut off' or 'to check.'

G4131

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: po-lee-or-koo-MEH-non

Translations: of those being besieged, of those being blockaded, of those being surrounded

Notes: This word is the genitive plural masculine/neuter participle of the verb 'πολιορκέω' (poliorcheō), meaning 'to besiege' or 'to blockade'. It refers to the people or things that are currently under siege or blockade. It is often used to describe the state of a city or a group of people being surrounded by an enemy force.

Inflection: Participle, Present, Middle/Passive, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΩΝ, ΚΥΚΛΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ

G0640, G3777

Part of Speech: Noun, Conjunction

Sounds like: Ah-pog-NO-sin OO-teh

Translations: despair, hopelessness, desperation, neither, nor

Notes: This appears to be a compound of two separate Koine Greek words: 'ἈΠΟΓΝΩΣΙΝ' and 'ΟΥ̓ΤΕ'. 'ἈΠΟΓΝΩΣΙΝ' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'ἀπόγνωσις', meaning 'despair' or 'hopelessness'. 'ΟΥ̓ΤΕ' is a conjunction meaning 'neither' or 'nor'. When used together, they would typically function as two distinct parts of a sentence, for example, 'neither despair nor...'.

Inflection: ἈΠΟΓΝΩΣΙΝ: Singular, Accusative, Feminine; ΟΥ̓ΤΕ: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΘΥΜΙΑ, ἈΠΕΛΠΙΣΙΑ, ΟΥ̓ΔΕ

G5427

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: froh-NEE-mah

Translations: mind, a mind, way of thinking, an attitude, purpose, a purpose, thought, a thought, disposition, a disposition

Notes: This word refers to the way one thinks, their mindset, attitude, or disposition. It can also denote a specific thought or purpose. It describes the inner workings of a person's mind, encompassing their intentions, feelings, and moral outlook. It is often used to describe a person's character or their general approach to life.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΝΟΥΣ, ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ, ΛΟΓΙΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΦΡΟΝΗΜΑ is derived from the verb ΦΡΟΝΕΩ (phroneō), meaning 'to think, to have understanding, to be minded'. It is related to ΦΡΗΝ (phrēn), which originally referred to the diaphragm, then metaphorically to the seat of thought and emotion.

G4923

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soon-ee-DON

Translations: having seen, having perceived, having understood, having considered, having observed

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having seen' or 'having perceived'. It describes an action completed in the past that leads to a subsequent action or state. It is often used to indicate that someone has taken notice of something, understood a situation, or considered a matter before acting.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΙΔΩΝ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΗΣΑΣ, ΓΝΟΥΣ

G1810

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eks-AIF-nees

Translations: suddenly, unexpectedly, at once

Notes: This word is an adverb that describes an action or event happening without warning or preparation. It indicates an abrupt and unforeseen occurrence, similar to how one might say 'all of a sudden' in English. It is used to emphasize the suddenness of something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑἸΦΝΙΔΙΩΣ, ἈΦΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἘΞΑΙΦΝΗΣ is an adverb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and the noun αἴφνης (aiphnes, 'suddenness'), which itself is related to ἄφνω (aphno, 'suddenly'). It conveys the sense of something emerging 'out of suddenness'.

G4757

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: toos strah-tee-OH-tas

Translations: the soldiers, soldiers

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or typographical error for "ΤΟΥΣ ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΑΣ" (tous stratiōtas), which is a compound phrase meaning "the soldiers." The first part, "ΤΟΥΣ" (tous), is the definite article meaning "the." The second part, "ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΑΣ" (stratiōtas), means "soldiers." It refers to military personnel or warriors. It is used in sentences to refer to a group of soldiers as the direct object of a verb.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ

G2607

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-GNOOS

Translations: condemning, having condemned, having judged against

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb καταγινώσκω. It means to condemn, to judge against, or to find guilty. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, leading to a present state or consequence. It is often used in contexts of legal or moral judgment, indicating a decision made against someone or something.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΙΚΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word καταγινώσκω is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb γινώσκω (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. Thus, it literally means 'to know against' or 'to perceive against', leading to the sense of condemning or judging unfavorably.

G3762

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: oo-DEH-mee-ah

Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, not one, not any, no

Notes: This word is a compound negative adjective or pronoun, meaning 'no one,' 'nobody,' 'nothing,' or 'not any.' It is used to express absolute negation, emphasizing the complete absence of something or someone. It functions similarly to 'not a single one' and is often used to modify nouns or stand in for them, agreeing in gender, number, and case with the noun it refers to or replaces.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ

G328

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nez-EVK-sen

Translations: he set out, he departed, he marched away

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ἀναζεύγνυμι (anazeugnymi). It is a compound verb formed from ἀνά (ana, 'up, back') and ζεύγνυμι (zeugnymi, 'to yoke, to join'). It means to unyoke, to set out, or to depart, often in the context of a journey or military movement. It describes the action of someone breaking camp or beginning a march.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ἈΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ἀναζεύγνυμι is a compound of ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and ζεύγνυμι (zeugnymi), meaning 'to yoke' or 'to join'. The combination implies unyoking or breaking a connection, leading to the sense of setting out or departing.

G0092

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-DOH-kay-ton

Translations: unexpected, unlooked for, unforeseen, a surprise

Notes: This word describes something that is not expected or foreseen. It is often used to refer to an event or situation that occurs suddenly and without warning, taking people by surprise. It can be used to describe an unexpected turn of events or an unforeseen circumstance.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΗΤΟΣ, ΑΙΦΝΙΔΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΔΟΚΗΤΟΝ is derived from the Greek verb ΔΟΚΕΩ (dokeō), meaning 'to seem, to think, to suppose,' combined with the alpha-privative (α-) which negates the meaning, and the suffix -τος, forming an adjective. Thus, it literally means 'not thought of' or 'not supposed to be'.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ow-too-tro-PAYN

Translations: a sudden turn, a sudden change, a sudden reversal

Notes: This is a compound noun, formed from 'αὐτός' (autos), meaning 'self' or 'same', and 'τροπή' (tropē), meaning 'turn' or 'change'. It refers to a sudden and unexpected turn of events, a reversal, or a change in direction or fortune. It describes something that changes on its own or by its own nature, often implying an abrupt or surprising shift.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΗ, ΑΛΛΑΓΗ, ΑΝΑΣΤΡΟΦΗ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek pronoun ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos), meaning 'self' or 'same', and the noun ΤΡΟΠΗ (tropē), meaning 'a turn, turning, change, or reversal'.

G0334

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-na-thar-SEE-san-tes

Translations: having taken courage, having been emboldened, having regained confidence, having become confident

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀνα- (ana-, meaning 'again' or 'up') and the verb θαρσέω (tharseō, meaning 'to be courageous' or 'to be confident'). It describes the action of someone who has regained their courage or confidence, or who has become emboldened. It is often used to describe a group of people who, after a period of fear or hesitation, become brave or confident enough to act.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΘΑΡΣΕΩ, ἘΜΨΥΧΟΩ, ἘΝΔΥΝΑΜΟΩ

Etymology: The verb ἀναθαρσέω (anatharseō) is derived from the prefix ἀνα- (ana-), meaning 'again' or 'up', and the verb θαρσέω (tharseō), meaning 'to be courageous' or 'to be confident'. The root θαρσέω itself comes from θάρσος (tharsos), meaning 'courage' or 'boldness'.

G5207

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: Y-STA-ton

Translations: of the last, of the latest, of the final, of the extreme

Notes: This word is the superlative form of an adjective meaning 'last' or 'latest'. It describes something that is at the very end, either in time, order, or degree. It can refer to the final point in a sequence, the most recent event, or the utmost limit of something. It is often used to emphasize the ultimate or extreme nature of a situation or object.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΣΧΑΤΟΣ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΟΣ

G1839, G2532

Part of Speech: Verb, Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-pex-ED-rah-mon-kai

Translations: they ran out upon and, they sallied forth and, they attacked and

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the verb 'Ἐπεξεδραμον' and the conjunction 'Και'. The verb 'Ἐπεξεδραμον' means 'they ran out upon' or 'they sallied forth', often implying an attack or a sudden movement against someone or something. The conjunction 'Και' means 'and', 'also', or 'even'. Together, the phrase describes an action of running out or attacking, followed by a continuation of events.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist Active Indicative (for ἘΠΕΞΕΔΡΑΜΟΝ); Does not inflect (for ΚΑΙ)

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΔΡΑΜΟΝ, ΕΠΕΘΕΝΤΟ, ΚΑΙΠΕΡ

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G0835

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ow-LIH-zeh-teh

Translations: lodges, abides, dwells, passes the night, encamps, takes shelter

Notes: This word describes the action of lodging, dwelling, or staying overnight in a place. It can also mean to encamp or take shelter. It is used to indicate a temporary or permanent residence, or simply the act of spending the night.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΣΚΗΝΟΩ

Etymology: From the Greek word αὐλή (aulē), meaning 'courtyard' or 'fold', referring to a place where one might lodge or spend the night.

G1903, G4397

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ep-ee-OO-see-pros-oh-TEH-roh

Translations: further on the following day, on the next day further, on the following day more forward

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the dative feminine singular present active participle of the verb ἐπίειμι (epíemi), meaning 'to come upon' or 'to follow,' and the comparative adverb προσωτέρω (prosōterō), meaning 'further' or 'more forward.' It describes an action or event occurring further along on the subsequent or following day.

Inflection: Compound word: ἐπιούσῃ (dative, singular, feminine, present active participle) + προσωτέρω (comparative adverb)

G5563

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kho-ree-ZOH-meh-nos

Translations: separated, divided, departing, being separated, one who separates himself

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'χωρίζω', meaning 'to separate' or 'to divide'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing and passive, indicating someone or something that is in the process of being separated or is characterized by being separated. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or verbally, indicating an action.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΙΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'χωρίζω' comes from 'χώρα' (chōra), meaning 'place' or 'land', and the suffix '-ίζω' (-izō), which forms verbs. Thus, it originally meant 'to put into a place' or 'to separate into places', evolving to mean 'to separate' or 'to divide'.

G3123

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

G1544

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-ek-AL-es-ah-toh

Translations: called out, summoned, enticed, tempted, provoked

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to call out' or 'to summon'. It can also carry the sense of 'to entice' or 'to tempt' someone to do something, or 'to provoke' them. It describes the action of drawing someone or something out from a place or state, often with a specific intention.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΚΑΛΕΩ, ΔΕΛΕΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΚΑΛΕΩ is formed from the prefix ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call'.

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: po-LEH-mee-oos

Translations: enemies, hostile ones

Notes: This word refers to those who are hostile or at war with someone. It is often used as a substantive noun to mean 'enemies' or 'adversaries'. In a sentence, it would typically describe a group of people who are in opposition or conflict.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΥΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word πόλεμος (polemos) means 'war' or 'battle'. The suffix -ιος (-ios) is used to form adjectives indicating belonging or relation. Thus, πολεμίος means 'belonging to war' or 'hostile', and by extension, 'an enemy'.

G2532, G3778

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun

Sounds like: kah-ee-TOOS

Translations: and these, and those

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the conjunction 'καί' (kai), meaning 'and', and the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'these'. In this form, 'τοὺς' is the masculine accusative plural of 'οὗτος', so the phrase means 'and these' or 'and those' (referring to masculine plural objects). It is used to connect a previous statement or noun phrase with a new one, emphasizing the inclusion of the subsequent items.

Inflection: Compound of 'καί' (conjunction) and 'τοὺς' (masculine, Accusative, Plural of 'οὗτος')

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-KEE-meh-noy

Translations: those who are devoted, those who are attached, those who are joined, those who are near, those who are present, those who are lying near, those who are added

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'proskeimai', meaning 'to lie near, to be attached to, to be devoted to'. It describes individuals who are closely associated with, dedicated to, or in close proximity to someone or something. It implies a strong connection or allegiance.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΙΖΟΝΤΕΣ, ΣΥΝΗΜΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ

G1311

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ef-THEY-ron

Translations: were destroying, were corrupting, were ruining, were spoiling, were perishing

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative, third person plural form of the verb "διαφθείρω" (diaphthero). It is a compound word formed from "διά" (dia), meaning 'through' or 'completely', and "φθείρω" (phthero), meaning 'to corrupt' or 'to destroy'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that 'they were destroying' or 'they were corrupting' something, or that 'they were perishing'. It can refer to physical destruction, moral corruption, or decay.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ

G1538

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-kah-TEH-ron-tays

Translations: (of) each, (of) both, (of) either

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective/pronoun "ἑκάτερος" (hekateros), meaning "each of two," "both," or "either." It is used to refer to one of two distinct entities or groups, emphasizing individuality within a pair. In this genitive singular form, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with "of."

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΜΦΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἕκαστος (hekastos, "each") and ἕτερος (heteros, "other").

G4022

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-EE-on-tes

Translations: going around, wandering about, going about, traversing, roaming, a wanderer

Notes: This word is a present active participle, masculine plural, nominative case, derived from the verb 'περίερχομαι' (perierchomai). It describes the action of moving around or wandering from place to place. It can be used to describe people who are traveling, exploring, or simply moving in a circular or extensive manner. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing the subject's action.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΑΩ, ΔΙΑΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ

G4109

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PLAH-gee-oos

Translations: oblique, sideways, indirect, slanting, transverse

Notes: This word describes something that is not straight or direct, but rather at an angle, sideways, or indirect. It can refer to physical orientation, like a slanting path, or to a more abstract concept, such as an indirect approach or statement. It is used to modify nouns, indicating their quality of being oblique or indirect.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΛΟΞΟΣ, ΣΚΟΛΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word originates from the Greek root πλάγιος (plagios), meaning 'oblique' or 'sideways'. It is related to πλάγος (plagos), meaning 'side'.

G1994, G4314

Part of Speech: Verb, Preposition

Sounds like: ep-is-tra-fay-NAI pros

Translations: to turn to, to turn back to, to return to, to convert to, to be converted to

Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of the aorist passive infinitive of the verb 'ἐπιστρέφω' (epistrephō), meaning 'to turn' or 'to return', and the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards'. Together, they convey the idea of turning or returning towards something or someone, often implying a change of direction, allegiance, or spiritual conversion. It describes an action of reorientation or coming back to a particular state or entity.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive (for ἘΠΙΣΤΡΑΦΗΝΑΙ); Does not inflect (for ΠΡΟΣ)

G5134

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: tit-ROH-skon-tas

Translations: wounding, a wounding, to wound, to be wounding

Notes: This is a present active participle of the verb 'titrōskō', meaning 'to wound'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing. It can be translated as 'wounding' or 'one who wounds', depending on the context. In this form, it is accusative masculine plural, indicating the direct object of an action, referring to multiple male or masculine-gendered entities that are being wounded or are in the act of wounding.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΤΡΑΥΜΑΤΙΖΩ, ΠΛΗΓΩ

G2292

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-THAR-roon

Translations: they were confident, they were courageous, they were bold, they had courage, they were encouraged

Notes: This word describes a state of being confident, courageous, or bold. It is often used to express a sense of inner strength or assurance in the face of difficulty or danger. In the provided examples, it indicates that a group of people felt confident or had courage in various situations.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΘΑΡΣΕΩ, ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑ, ΕΥΨΥΧΕΩ

G0550

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: ah-PEI-ron-tee

Translations: (to) infinite, (to) boundless, (to) countless, (to) immense, (to) immeasurable

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the adjective or participle 'ἈΠΕΙΡΟΣ', meaning 'infinite' or 'boundless'. It describes something without limits, either in quantity, extent, or duration. In a sentence, it would indicate the recipient or object of an action, or the means by which something is done, when referring to something infinite or immense.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΜΕΤΡΟΣ, ἈΠΕΡΑΝΤΟΣ, ἈΝΕΞΑΝΤΛΗΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΠΕΙΡΟΣ is a compound word formed from the privative prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and the noun πεῖρα (peira), meaning 'limit' or 'end'. Thus, it literally means 'without limit' or 'endless'.

G3633

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: OY-oh-me-noy

Translations: thinking, supposing, imagining, believing, considering, expecting

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'thinking' or 'supposing'. It describes someone who is in the act of believing, imagining, or considering something. It often implies a subjective opinion or a belief that may or may not be true. It is used to describe the state of mind of the subject of the sentence.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΟΝΤΕΣ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΔΟΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: From the root of ΟἼΩ (oiō), meaning 'to suppose, think, imagine'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is an ancient Greek verb.

G1377

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-OH-kane

Translations: to pursue, to chase, to follow after, to persecute, to strive for, to press on

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb ΔΙΩΚΩ. It means to pursue, chase, or follow after, often with intensity or determination. It can be used in a literal sense of physically chasing someone or something, or in a figurative sense of persecuting someone, or striving earnestly toward a goal or ideal.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΩ, ΕΠΙΔΙΩΚΩ, ΜΕΤΑΔΙΩΚΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΩΚΩ comes from an ancient Greek root meaning 'to run swiftly' or 'to put to flight'. It is related to words describing rapid movement or expulsion.

G1451, G395

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: eng-KEE-meh-noos ah-nah-STEL-lain

Translations: pressing upon, restraining; to restrain, to hold back

Notes: This appears to be a compound of two Koine Greek words, likely concatenated without a space: the participle ἘΓΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥΣ (egkeimenous) and the infinitive ἈΝΑΣΤΕΛΛΕΙΝ (anastellein). ἘΓΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥΣ means 'pressing upon' or 'lying in' and is an accusative masculine plural participle. ἈΝΑΣΤΕΛΛΕΙΝ means 'to restrain' or 'to hold back'. Together, they would convey the idea of 'restraining those who are pressing upon' or 'to restrain by pressing upon'. It's not clear if this is a single, recognized compound word or two words that have been joined in the text.

Inflection: ἘΓΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥΣ: Accusative, Masculine, Plural, Present Middle/Passive Participle. ἈΝΑΣΤΕΛΛΕΙΝ: Present Active Infinitive.

Synonyms: ΠΙΕΖΟΝΤΑΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΕΙΝ, ΚΩΛΥΕΙΝ

G5278

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-peh-MEH-non

Translations: endured, persevered, remained, waited patiently

Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'ὑπομένω' (hypomenō), meaning 'to endure', 'to persevere', 'to remain under', or 'to wait patiently'. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under', and 'μένω' (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or the beginning of an action. It can describe someone who was enduring, persevering, or remaining.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ

G0926

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: bah-REES

Translations: heavy, weighty, burdensome, grievous, difficult, severe, important, fortifications, strongholds

Notes: This word describes something that is heavy, either literally in weight or figuratively in terms of difficulty, burden, or severity. It can refer to things that are hard to bear or understand. In some contexts, particularly when used in the plural and referring to structures, it can denote 'fortifications' or 'strongholds,' implying their heavy, robust nature.

Inflection: Plural, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΒΑΡΥΤΗΣ, ΔΥΣΚΟΛΟΣ, ΟΧΥΡΩΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΒΑΡΥΣ (barys) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'heavy' or 'weighty.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of weight or burden.

G1167, G1510

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: deh-doy-KO-tes-TEEN (if ΤΗΝ) or deh-doy-KO-tes-EEN (if ἮΝ)

Translations: fearing, having feared, those who fear, those who have feared, being afraid, were, they were

Notes: This word appears to be a compound or a misinterpretation of two separate Koine Greek words: ΔΕΔΟΙΚΟΤΕΣ (dedoikotes) and ΤΗΝ (tēn). ΔΕΔΟΙΚΟΤΕΣ is the perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine of the verb δειδω (deidō), meaning 'to fear' or 'to be afraid'. ΤΗΝ is the accusative singular feminine definite article, meaning 'the'. However, in the context of the example, it is highly probable that ΤΗΝ is a misspelling or misreading of ἮΝ (ēn), which is the imperfect indicative active third person plural of the verb εἰμί (eimi), meaning 'they were'. If so, the combined meaning would be 'they were fearing' or 'they were afraid'.

Inflection: ΔΕΔΟΙΚΟΤΕΣ: Perfect Active Participle, Nominative Plural, Masculine. ΤΗΝ: Accusative Singular, Feminine. If ΤΗΝ is a misspelling of ἮΝ, then ἮΝ is Imperfect Indicative Active, Third Person Plural.

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΤΑΡΒΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G1288

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-as-PAN

Translations: to tear apart, to rend asunder, to break through, to break up, to separate

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb σπάω (spaō), meaning 'to draw' or 'to tear'. It describes the action of tearing something completely apart, breaking it into pieces, or forcing a way through something. It can be used to describe physical tearing or breaking, or metaphorically, the breaking up of a group or a barrier.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΣΧΙΖΩ, ΛΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΣΠΑΩ is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and σπάω (spaō), meaning 'to draw' or 'to tear'. The prefix διά intensifies the action of tearing, indicating a complete separation or breaking through.

G3708

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: oh-RON-tes

Translations: seeing, beholding, looking at, perceiving, observing, those seeing, the ones seeing

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'οράω' (oraō), meaning 'to see' or 'to behold'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. In this form, 'ο̄ρῶντες' refers to 'those who are seeing' or 'the ones who are beholding'. It can be used to describe people who are actively observing something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΟΝΤΕΣ, ΘΕΩΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The verb 'οράω' (oraō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'. It is an ancient Greek verb with a long history of usage.

G4399

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-TAS

Translations: leader, chief, ruler, protector, patron, a leader, a chief, a ruler, a protector, a patron

Notes: This word refers to a person who stands before others, acting as a leader, chief, or ruler. It can also denote someone who provides protection or patronage. It implies a position of authority and responsibility over a group or situation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΠΡΟΕΣΤΩΣ

Etymology: From the verb προΐστημι (proïstēmi), meaning 'to set before, to preside over, to protect'. It combines πρό (pro, 'before') and ἵστημι (histēmi, 'to stand').

G1901

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-dro-MAS

Translations: raids, attacks, incursions, (of) raids, (of) attacks, (of) incursions

Notes: This word refers to a sudden attack, an incursion, or a raid, often by an enemy. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'against', and δρόμος (dromos), meaning 'a course' or 'a running'. Thus, it literally means 'a running upon' or 'a rushing against'. It is typically used to describe hostile military movements.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΦΟΔΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΒΟΛΗ, ΕΜΒΟΛΗ

Etymology: The word ἐπιδρομή (epidromē) is derived from the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'against', and the noun δρόμος (dromos), meaning 'a course' or 'a running'. It describes the act of running or rushing upon something, particularly in a hostile manner.

G5620

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: HOH-steh

Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

G2559, G3367

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective

Sounds like: ka-KOO-sthai MEE-den

Translations: to suffer no evil, to be harmed in no way, to be afflicted in no way, to suffer nothing evil

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the verb 'κακοῦσθαι' (kakousthai), meaning 'to be ill-treated' or 'to suffer evil,' and the adjective 'μηδέν' (mēden), meaning 'nothing' or 'no one.' Together, they form the phrase 'to suffer no evil' or 'to be harmed in no way.' It describes a state of being free from harm or affliction. The two words are concatenated in the provided text, which is common in ancient manuscripts.

Inflection: Verb: Present, Passive, Infinitive; Adjective: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-tee-BLAP-too-sin

Translations: they injure in return, they harm in return, they retaliate by harming

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀντι- (anti-), meaning 'against' or 'in return,' and the verb βλάπτω (blaptō), meaning 'to harm' or 'to injure.' Therefore, the word means 'to harm in return' or 'to injure in retaliation.' It describes an action where one person or group inflicts harm upon another as a response to prior harm received. It is used in the third person plural, indicating that 'they' are performing the action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙΠΟΙΈΩ, ἈΝΤΙΔΊΔΩΜΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of ἀντι- (anti-), meaning 'against' or 'in return,' and βλάπτω (blaptō), meaning 'to harm' or 'to injure.' The prefix ἀντι- comes from Proto-Indo-European, and βλάπτω is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek.

G1627

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ek-SEE-oh-meh-noy

Translations: shaken off, dislodged, thrown off, cast out, driven out

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being shaken off' or 'being dislodged'. It describes something that is actively being removed or displaced from its position by force. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb 'σείω' (seio), meaning 'to shake'.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΤΙΝΑΣΣΩ, ἘΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ἘΚΤΙΝΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word ἐκσείω (ekseio) is derived from the prefix ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb σείω (seio), meaning 'to shake'. The combination implies shaking something out or off.

G2602

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-TEH-pip-ton

Translations: they were falling down, they were falling, they were collapsing

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb πίπτω (piptō, meaning 'to fall'). It describes an action of falling down, collapsing, or being overthrown. In the provided form, it is in the imperfect tense, indicating a continuous or repeated action in the past, often translated as 'they were falling down' or 'they kept falling down'. It can be used to describe people or things collapsing.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect Tense, Indicative Mood, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΛΙΝΩ

G4183, G1311

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: pol-LOHN-dee-af-thar-EN-tohn

Translations: of many destroyed, of many corrupted, of many ruined

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the genitive plural of the adjective 'πολύς' (many, much) and the genitive plural aorist passive participle of the verb 'διαφθείρω' (to destroy, corrupt, ruin). It describes a situation where a large number of individuals or things have been destroyed or corrupted. It functions as a genitive phrase, often indicating possession or a partitive relationship, such as 'of those many who were destroyed'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G4755

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stra-TAR-khees

Translations: commander, general, a commander, a general

Notes: This word refers to a military commander or general. It is a compound word formed from 'στρατός' (stratos), meaning 'army', and 'ἄρχω' (archo), meaning 'to rule' or 'to lead'. Thus, it literally means 'leader of an army'. It is used to denote someone in charge of military forces.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΣ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΡΑΤΑΡΧΗΣ is a compound of two Greek words: στρατός (stratos), meaning 'army' or 'encampment', and ἄρχω (archo), meaning 'to rule', 'to lead', or 'to be first'. It describes one who leads an army.

G5001

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TAHG-mah-tos

Translations: (of) order, (of) arrangement, (of) a division, (of) a company, (of) a troop

Notes: This word refers to an orderly arrangement, a fixed succession, or a division or company of soldiers. It is used to describe things that are set in a particular order or sequence, or a group that is organized in a specific way, such as a military unit. The form provided is the genitive singular, indicating possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΔΙΑΤΑΓΜΑ, ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: long-GHEE-nos

Translations: Longinus

Notes: This word refers to 'Longinus', a Roman cognomen or surname. It was a common name in the Roman world and appears in various historical contexts, including the New Testament (though not as a named individual, but a tradition associated with the centurion at the crucifixion). It is used to identify a specific person.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Longinus is of Latin origin, derived from the Latin cognomen 'Longinus', which itself comes from 'longus' meaning 'long'.

G5506

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khee-lee-AR-khos

Translations: commander of a thousand, a commander of a thousand, military tribune, a military tribune, captain, a captain, colonel, a colonel

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'χίλιοι' (thousand) and 'ἄρχος' (ruler, chief). It refers to a military officer in charge of a thousand soldiers, often translated as a military tribune or a commander of a thousand. It is used to denote a high-ranking military official.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΚΑΤΟΝΤΑΡΧΟΣ, ΛΟΧΑΓΟΣ, ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek words 'χίλιοι' (chilioi), meaning 'thousand', and 'ἄρχος' (archos), meaning 'ruler' or 'chief'. It describes someone who rules over a thousand.

G1883

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-AR-khos

Translations: governor, a governor, prefect, a prefect, ruler, a ruler

Notes: This word refers to a high-ranking official or administrator, such as a governor or prefect, who has authority over a specific region or province. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'over' or 'upon', and the noun 'ἄρχων' (archon), meaning 'ruler' or 'chief'. It describes someone who exercises authority over others.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'over' or 'upon', and the noun 'ἄρχων' (archon), meaning 'ruler' or 'chief'. It denotes one who is 'over' or 'in charge' as a ruler.

G2427

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EE-lays

Translations: of a troop, of a company, of a squadron, a troop, a company, a squadron

Notes: This word refers to a troop, company, or squadron, often used in a military context to describe a unit of soldiers or cavalry. The form ἸΛΗΣ is the genitive singular, indicating possession or origin, so it would be translated as 'of a troop' or 'belonging to a troop'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΠΕΙΡΑ, ΤΑΓΜΑ, ΛΟΧΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἸΛΗ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the verb εἴλω (eilō), meaning 'to press, to crowd'.

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G3433

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MOH-lees

Translations: with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely, just, only just

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates something is done with great effort or difficulty, or that it happens only just in time or to a very limited extent. It can convey the idea of something barely happening or being achieved. For example, 'he barely escaped' or 'they arrived only just'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΩΣ, ΣΧΕΔΟΝ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Greek word μόλος (molos), meaning 'toil' or 'struggle'.

G1002

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: gah-bah-OHN

Translations: Gibeon, (of) Gibeon, (in) Gibeon

Notes: Gibeon was an ancient city in Canaan, located northwest of Jerusalem. It is frequently mentioned in the Old Testament as a significant city, particularly in the books of Joshua, Samuel, and Kings. It was known for its inhabitants, the Gibeonites, who made a treaty with Joshua. The word is used to refer to the city itself or to people associated with it.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Locative

Etymology: The word ΓΑΒΑΩΝ (Gabaōn) is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew word גִּבְעוֹן (Giv'on), meaning 'hill city' or 'hilly place'.

G2658

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tahn-TEE-sahn

Translations: they arrived, they came, they reached

Notes: This word means to arrive at a place, to come to a specific destination, or to reach a certain point. It is often used to describe the completion of a journey or the attainment of a goal. For example, 'they arrived in Ephesus' or 'they came to Caesarea'.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΘΑΝΩ, ΑΦΙΚΝΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From κατά (kata, 'down, against') and ἀντάω (antaō, 'to meet, to come opposite'). The combination suggests 'to come down to meet' or 'to come opposite to a place'.

G4387

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G0654

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-BAL-on-tes

Translations: having cast off, having thrown away, having lost, having rejected

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'apoballō', meaning 'to throw away' or 'to cast off'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed by the subject, often translated as 'having thrown away' or 'having lost'. It can refer to literally casting something away, or metaphorically losing something, such as hope or a battle. In the given form, it is a masculine or neuter plural participle.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΑΠΟΡΡΙΠΤΩ

G1961

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-MEH-nen

Translations: he remained, she remained, it remained, he continued, she continued, it continued, he persevered, she persevered, it persevered

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to remain,' 'to continue,' or 'to persevere.' It describes an action of staying in a place, condition, or activity, often implying endurance or persistence. It is used to indicate that someone or something stayed put or kept doing something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ

G0279

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-may-kha-NOHN

Translations: at a loss, without resources, helpless, perplexed, impossible, impracticable

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is without means, resources, or a way forward. It can refer to a person who is at a loss, helpless, or perplexed about what to do, or to a situation that is impossible or impracticable. It is often used to describe a state of being unable to find a solution or a way out of a difficulty.

Inflection: Masculine, Genitive, Plural, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΡΟΣ, ΑΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ, ΑΠΕΡΓΑΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΜΗΧΑΝΟΣ is a compound word formed from the privative prefix ἀ- (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and μηχανή (mēchanē, meaning 'means', 'contrivance', 'device', or 'machine'). Thus, it literally means 'without means' or 'without a device'.

G5534

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHRAY

Translations: it is necessary, it is proper, one ought, must, should

Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'it is proper'. It is often used to express a moral obligation or a logical necessity. It typically takes an infinitive or an accusative with an infinitive to complete its meaning, indicating what is necessary or proper to do.

Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΔΕΙ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ

Etymology: From an obsolete verb χράω (chraō), meaning 'to furnish what is needful'. It is related to words concerning use and usefulness.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-EH-in

Translations: to do, to make, to produce, to create, to perform, to accomplish, to bring about

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek and can be used in a wide range of contexts, from physical actions like making something, to abstract actions like performing a deed or bringing something about. It often indicates the execution of an action or the creation of an object.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word 'ποιέω' (poieō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an old root meaning 'to make' or 'to create'.

G4183, G4119

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pol-LOH-play-oos

Translations: much more, far more, many more, much greater, far greater, many greater

Notes: This is a compound adjective meaning 'much more' or 'far more'. It combines the dative singular of 'πολύς' (much) used adverbially to intensify the comparative adjective 'πλείων' (more). It is used to indicate a significant increase or superiority in quantity, number, or degree. For example, it could describe a much larger number of people or a far greater amount of something.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Comparative Degree

G2300

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: theh-ah-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: seeing, beholding, looking at, having seen, when he saw

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle derived from the verb 'theaomai'. It describes an action completed in the past, often translated as 'having seen' or 'when he saw/beheld'. It indicates the subject personally observed or contemplated something.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Aorist, Middle, Participle

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩΝ, ΟΡΩΝ, ΕΙΔΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'theaomai' comes from 'thea' (a sight, spectacle), which is related to 'theaomai' (to gaze at, behold). It implies a careful or deliberate observation.

G1097

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eg-NOH

Translations: knew, recognized, understood, perceived

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to come to know'. It describes an action of knowing or recognizing that occurred in the past, often implying a completed or definite act of gaining knowledge or understanding. It can be used in sentences like 'he knew' or 'she recognized'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOO

Translations: (of) himself, (of) herself, (of) itself, (of) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the one performing it. For example, 'he washed himself'. It is a compound word formed from the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos) and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou).

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter. It can also be used for Feminine or Plural contexts, though the specific form 'ΕΑΥΤΟΥ' is genitive singular masculine/neuter.

Etymology: From the combination of the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self') and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou, 'of self').

G4183, G5530

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: play-OH-sin-khray-SOH-meh-nos

Translations: using more, about to use more, going to use more

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the dative plural of the comparative adjective 'πλείων' (more, many) and the future middle participle of the verb 'χράομαι' (to use). It describes someone who is going to use or about to use more of something. It functions as an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate future action involving a greater quantity.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Future, Middle, Participle (from ΧΡΑΟΜΑΙ) combined with Dative, Plural (from ΠΛΕΙΩΝ)

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: soon-TOH-noh-teh-rah

Translations: more intense, more strenuous, more vigorous, more vehement, more energetic

Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'σύντονος' (syntonos), meaning 'intense' or 'strenuous'. As a comparative, it indicates a greater degree of intensity, strenuousness, or vigor. It can be used to describe something that is more forceful, energetic, or vehement than something else. For example, it might describe a more intense effort or a more vigorous action.

Inflection: Comparative, Neuter Plural Nominative or Accusative, or Feminine Singular Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΝΩΤΕΡΑ, ΣΦΟΔΡΟΤΕΡΑ

G5530

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHRAY-sah-ee-toh

Translations: might use, would use, should use, might employ, would employ, should employ

Notes: This word means 'to use' or 'to employ'. It is often used with the dative case to indicate the instrument or means by which something is done. It can also imply 'to deal with' or 'to treat'. The form ΧΡΗΣΑΙΤΟ is an inflection of the verb, indicating a potential or hypothetical action.

Inflection: Aorist, Optative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΙΜΕΥΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ΧΡΑΟΜΑΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- meaning 'to desire, to want'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to use' or 'to consult (an oracle)'.

G5437

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foo-GAY

Translations: flight, a flight, escape, a refuge

Notes: This word refers to the act of fleeing, escaping, or taking refuge. It describes a rapid departure from danger or an undesirable situation. It can be used in contexts where someone is running away from an enemy, seeking safety, or simply making a quick exit.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΦΥΓΗ, ΕΚΦΥΓΗ

Etymology: From the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeug-, meaning 'to flee'.

G0430

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: an-THEL-kon-tah

Translations: pulling back, dragging back, resisting, those pulling back, those dragging back, those resisting

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'pulling back' or 'dragging back'. It is a compound word formed from ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'in return', and ἕλκω (helkō), meaning 'to drag' or 'to pull'. It describes an action of resistance or counter-pulling. It can be used to describe people or things that are holding something back or creating an opposing force.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙΣΠΩ, ἈΝΤΙΤΕΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἀνθέλκω (anthelkō) is a compound verb derived from the preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'in opposition to', and the verb ἕλκω (helkō), meaning 'to drag' or 'to pull'. It literally means 'to pull against'.

G4061

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-KOP-tine

Translations: to cut around, to cut off, to amputate, to circumcise

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb κόπτω (koptō), meaning 'to cut' or 'to strike'. Therefore, it literally means 'to cut around'. It is used to describe the action of severing something by cutting all the way around it, or to remove something by cutting it off. In some contexts, it can specifically refer to the act of circumcision.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΟΠΤΩ, ΕΚΚΟΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb κόπτω (koptō), meaning 'to cut' or 'to strike'.

G1311

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-fthar-EN-tohn

Translations: having been destroyed, having been corrupted, having been ruined, of those having been destroyed, of those having been corrupted, of those having been ruined

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'διαφθείρω' (diaphthero), meaning 'to destroy,' 'to corrupt,' or 'to ruin.' As a perfect passive participle, it describes a state of having undergone destruction or corruption. It functions adjectivally, often translated as 'those who have been destroyed' or 'of the things that have been ruined,' depending on the context. It implies a completed action with ongoing results.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter, Perfect, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΚΑΤΑΣΤΡΕΦΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΦΘΕΙΡΟΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word διαφθείρω (diaphthero) is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart,' and φθείρω (phthero), meaning 'to destroy' or 'to corrupt.' The combination suggests a complete or thorough destruction/corruption.

G3735, G2532

Part of Speech: Noun, Conjunction

Sounds like: o-REH-ohn-KAI

Translations: of mountains and, of a mountain and

Notes: This appears to be a compound of two separate Koine Greek words, likely due to a transcription error or a lack of spacing in the original text. The first part, "ὈΡΕΩΝ" (OREON), is the genitive plural form of "ὄρος" (OROS), meaning "mountain" or "hill." The second part, "ΚΑΙ" (KAI), is a common conjunction meaning "and," "also," or "even." Therefore, the combined phrase most likely means "of mountains and."

Inflection: ὈΡΕΩΝ: Plural, Genitive, Neuter. ΚΑΙ: Does not inflect.

G5266

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-po-zy-GHEE-ohn

Translations: (of) beasts of burden

Notes: This word refers to animals used for carrying loads or for riding, such as donkeys, mules, or horses. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under', and 'ζυγόν' (zygon), meaning 'yoke' or 'burden', literally 'that which is under the yoke'. It is used to describe any animal that is harnessed or burdened for work.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΣ, ΗΜΙΟΝΟΣ, ΙΠΠΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under', and the noun ζυγόν (zygon), meaning 'yoke' or 'burden'. It literally refers to an animal that is 'under a yoke' or 'under a burden'.

G4133

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: PLAYN

Translations: but, nevertheless, except, only, however, save, yet, notwithstanding, (except) for

Notes: This word functions as an adverb, conjunction, or preposition, indicating an exception, contrast, or limitation. As an adverb, it means 'nevertheless' or 'only'. As a conjunction, it means 'but' or 'however', introducing a contrasting statement. As a preposition, it means 'except' or 'save', typically followed by a genitive case, indicating exclusion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΕΙ ΜΗ, ΧΩΡΙΣ

Etymology: From an obsolete root, possibly related to πλῆθος (plēthos, 'multitude'), suggesting a sense of 'fullness' or 'completeness' from which something is excluded.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-sah

Translations: as many as, all that, whatever, how many, all things whatsoever, whatever things

Notes: This word is the neuter plural form of the relative pronoun/adjective ὅσος (hosos). It means 'as many as' or 'all that/which' and is used to introduce a relative clause, referring to an indefinite quantity or number of things. It can function as both a pronoun (e.g., 'whatever things') or an adjective (e.g., 'as many things as'). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: PANTA, HAPAS

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode, 'this') and the interrogative pronoun τίς (tis, 'who? what?').

G3880

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-eh-KO-mid-zen

Translations: was carrying past, was bringing past, was conveying past, was bringing along, was conveying along

Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'παρακομίζω' (parakomizō), which means 'to carry past' or 'to bring along'. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'alongside' or 'past', and 'κομίζω' (komizō), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bring'. It describes an action of moving something or someone past a point or alongside something else. It is used to describe an ongoing or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΓΩ

G3180

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mee-kha-NAS

Translations: machines, devices, contrivances, schemes, plots

Notes: This word refers to a machine, device, or contrivance, often one used for a specific purpose, such as a military engine or a tool. It can also refer to a clever plan, scheme, or plot, especially one designed to achieve a particular outcome, whether good or bad. In a sentence, it would function as the object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΝΟΙΑ, ΤΕΧΝΗ, ΒΟΥΛΗ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΧΑΝΗ (mēchanē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *magh- meaning 'to be able, have power'. It is related to words signifying ability, means, or contrivance.

G4023

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-EYE-khon-toh

Translations: they were surrounded, they were contained, they were held, they were encompassed, they were occupied, they were seized

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to surround', 'to encompass', 'to contain', 'to hold', or 'to occupy'. In the provided context, it describes something being surrounded or held by something else. It can also mean to seize or take possession of something. The form given is in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΠΕΡΙΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ

G2532, G3338

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kai-MAH-liss-tah

Translations: and especially, and above all, and indeed, and most of all

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction 'καί' (kai), meaning 'and' or 'even', and the adverb 'μάλιστα' (malista), meaning 'especially' or 'most of all'. Together, it emphasizes a particular point or item, meaning 'and especially' or 'and above all'. It is used to highlight something as being preeminent or particularly relevant among other things.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΚΑΙ ΜΑΛΛΟΝ

G1167

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: deh-DOY-koh-tes

Translations: fearing, having feared, afraid, being afraid

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having feared' or 'being afraid'. It describes someone who is in a state of fear or has experienced fear. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing the manner of an action.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΤΡΕΜΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The verb ΔΕΙΔΩ (deidō) is an ancient Greek verb meaning 'to fear'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *dwei- meaning 'to fear'.

G0254, G0255

Part of Speech: Verb, Noun

Sounds like: ah-LOH

Translations: I may be caught, I may be captured, I may be taken; of a threshing floor, of a halo, of a disk

Notes: This word has two primary interpretations. It can be the first person singular aorist subjunctive form of the verb 'ἁλίσκομαι' (haliskomai), meaning 'to be caught' or 'to be captured'. In this sense, it expresses a potential or desired action, such as 'I may be caught'. Alternatively, it can be the genitive singular form of the feminine noun 'ἅλως' (halōs), which refers to a 'threshing floor', a 'halo' (like around the sun or moon), or a 'disk'. When used as a noun, it would typically be translated as 'of a threshing floor' or 'of a halo', indicating possession or relation.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Subjunctive (Verb); Singular, Genitive, Feminine (Noun)

Synonyms: ΠΙΑΝΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΑΛΩΝ

Etymology: The verb 'ἁλίσκομαι' (haliskomai) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to words meaning 'to seize'. The noun 'ἅλως' (halōs) is also of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to gather' or 'to revolve'.

G0963

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: beth-ho-RON

Translations: Beth-horon

Notes: Beth-horon is a compound proper noun referring to a town or a pair of towns (Upper and Lower Beth-horon) in ancient Israel, located on the border between the tribes of Benjamin and Ephraim. It was strategically important due to its location on a major ascent/descent route. It is often mentioned in historical and biblical texts.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive or Accusative, Neuter (or Feminine, referring to a town)

Etymology: The name Beth-horon is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'house of Horon'. Horon was a Canaanite deity, possibly associated with the underworld or a god of the city.

G2158

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-oo-roo-khoh-REE-ahs

Translations: of wide room, of spaciousness, of ample space, of freedom, of liberty

Notes: This word is a compound noun, formed from 'εὐρύς' (eurys), meaning 'wide' or 'broad', and 'χωρία' (chōria), meaning 'place' or 'space'. It refers to a state of having ample room, spaciousness, or freedom from constraint. It is used to describe a situation where there is plenty of space or opportunity, often implying a sense of liberty or lack of restriction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΡΥΤΗΣ, ἈΝΕΣΙΣ, ἘΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ

G2276, G1945

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: HET-ton-eh-PEH-kin-toh

Translations: they were pressing less, they were less pressing, they were less urgent, they were less insistent

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the adverb ΗΤΤΟΝ (hetton), meaning 'less' or 'worse', and a form of the verb ἘΠΙΚΕΙΜΑΙ (epikeimai), meaning 'to lie upon', 'to press upon', 'to be urgent', or 'to be insistent'. The combined meaning indicates a reduced intensity of pressing, urging, or insisting. It describes a situation where a group or force was exerting less pressure or being less persistent.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Plural

G4893

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-ee-lay-THEH-then-tone

Translations: of those who have been gathered together, of those who have been collected, of those who have been rolled up

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning it describes an action that has been completed and whose subject has undergone that action. It refers to a group of people or things that have been brought together, collected, or rolled up. It is used to describe the state of having been assembled or confined.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΗΓΜΕΝΩΝ, ΣΥΝΗΘΡΟΙΣΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΕΙΛΕΩ (EILEO), meaning 'to roll up' or 'to press'.

G4728

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: STEH-nah

Translations: narrow, strait, difficult, restricted, narrowly, with difficulty

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'narrow' or 'strait', describing something that is confined or restricted. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'narrowly' or 'with difficulty', indicating a manner of action. It is often used to describe a path or a situation that is challenging or constricted.

Inflection: Neuter Plural Nominative/Accusative of the adjective 'στενός', or an adverbial form.

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΝΟΣ, ΣΤΕΝΩΠΟΣ, ΔΥΣΚΟΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'στενός' (sténos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to press' or 'to squeeze'.

G5348

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: FTHA-san-tes

Translations: having arrived, having come, having reached, having attained, having anticipated

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'phthanō', meaning 'to arrive', 'to come', 'to reach', or 'to attain'. It describes an action that has been completed or a state that has been reached. It can also carry the sense of 'to anticipate' or 'to be first'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb in a sentence, indicating the circumstances or timing of an action.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

G1841

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EX-oh-doo

Translations: of departure, of going out, of exodus, of exit, of end, of death

Notes: This word refers to a going out, a departure, or an exit. It can also refer to the end of something, or even metaphorically to death as a departure from life. It is used to describe the act of leaving a place or situation.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΒΑΣΙΣ, ΕΚΒΑΣΙΣ, ΤΕΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἔξοδος (exodos), a compound word formed from ἐκ (ek, "out of") and ὁδός (hodos, "way, path, journey").

G0243

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-loy

Translations: others, some others, different ones

Notes: This word refers to other people or things, distinct from those already mentioned or implied. It is used to indicate a difference or distinction between entities. For example, it can be used to say 'some others' or 'different ones' in a sentence.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine; or Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G5306, G2752

Part of Speech: Adjective, Verb

Sounds like: hy-STA-toos-ka-teh-OH-thoon

Translations: last, latest, final, outermost, they were pushing down, they were thrusting down

Notes: This appears to be a compound word or a concatenation of two words: "ΥΣΤΑΤΟΥΣ" (hystatous) and "ΚΑΤΕΩΘΟΥΝ" (kateōthoun). "ΥΣΤΑΤΟΥΣ" is the accusative masculine plural form of the adjective "ὕστατος" (hystatos), meaning "last" or "latest". "ΚΑΤΕΩΘΟΥΝ" is the imperfect active indicative third person plural of the verb "κατεωθέω" (kateōtheō), meaning "to push down" or "to thrust down". Therefore, the combined phrase would mean something like "they were pushing down the last ones" or "they were thrusting down the last".

Inflection: ΥΣΤΑΤΟΥΣ: Accusative, Masculine, Plural; ΚΑΤΕΩΘΟΥΝ: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΣΧΑΤΟΣ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΟΣ, ΩΘΕΩ

G3928

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: par-ek-TAH-then

Translations: stretched out, extended, prolonged, having been stretched out, having been extended

Notes: This word is a compound word, formed from 'παρά' (para, meaning 'beside' or 'beyond') and 'ἐκτείνω' (ekteinō, meaning 'to stretch out'). It describes something that has been stretched out, extended, or prolonged. It is often used to indicate an action that has been completed, resulting in something being spread out or lengthened.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΤΑΜΕΝΟΝ, ΕΠΕΚΤΕΤΑΜΕΝΟΝ

G5228

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: hoo-PER-ton

Translations: excessive, beyond measure, exceedingly, beyond, over

Notes: This word is an adjective or adverb derived from the preposition 'ὑπέρ' (hyper). As an adjective, it describes something as being excessive or beyond a certain measure. As an adverb, it indicates that an action or state is done to an extreme degree, meaning 'exceedingly' or 'beyond measure'. It emphasizes an abundance or an extreme quantity or quality.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΒΑΛΛΩΝ

G5322

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fah-LANG-gah

Translations: phalanx, a phalanx, battle line, a battle line, company, a company, troop, a troop

Notes: This word refers to a military formation, specifically a phalanx, which was a compact body of heavily armed infantry. It can also refer more generally to a battle line, a company, or a troop of soldiers. It is used to describe a group of people or animals arranged in a close, ordered formation, often for battle.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΑ, ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΣΥΝΤΑΓΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΦΑΛΑΓΞ (phalanx) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to words meaning 'log' or 'roller', suggesting a connection to a compact, cylindrical shape, which then extended to a military formation.

G2756

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-may-kha-NOON-ton

Translations: being at a loss, being perplexed, being helpless, being without resources, being in a dilemma

Notes: This word describes someone who is in a state of perplexity, helplessness, or being at a loss for what to do. It implies a lack of means or resources to deal with a situation, often leading to confusion or distress. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, 'not') and 'μηχανή' (mēchanē, 'means, device, contrivance').

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΡΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΑΠΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G4337

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ah-MOO-nayn

Translations: to help, to assist, to defend, to ward off, to come to the aid of

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb 'ἀμύνω' (amynō), meaning 'to ward off' or 'to defend'. Therefore, 'προσαμύνειν' means to ward off or defend for someone, or to come to someone's aid. It is used to describe the act of providing assistance or defense to another person or group.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΕΩ, ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΕΩ, ΑΜΥΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'προσαμύνω' is a compound of 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to, towards, in addition to', and 'ἀμύνω' (amynō), meaning 'to ward off, to defend'. The root 'ἀμύνω' is related to 'ἀμύνης' (amynēs), meaning 'defender'.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOYS

Translations: (to) themselves, (for) themselves, themselves, (among) themselves

Notes: This is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. It is used when the action of the verb is directed back to the subject of the sentence. For example, 'they gave to themselves' or 'they saw themselves'. It emphasizes that the subject is both the actor and the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, a compound of the reflexive pronoun 'ἑός' (heos, 'his own') and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self').

G2078, G3588

Part of Speech: Adjective, Article

Sounds like: eh-pee-sfa-LEH-steh-ross-TOYS

Translations: more dangerous, more precarious, more unsafe, (to) the, (for) the

Notes: This appears to be a compound of two words: the adjective 'ἘΠΙΣΦΑΛΕΣΤΕΡΟΣ' and the definite article 'ΤΟΙΣ'. 'ἘΠΙΣΦΑΛΕΣΤΕΡΟΣ' is the comparative form of the adjective 'ἐπισφαλής', meaning 'dangerous' or 'precarious', so it translates to 'more dangerous' or 'more precarious'. 'ΤΟΙΣ' is the dative plural form of the definite article 'the', meaning 'to the' or 'for the'. When combined, it would mean 'more dangerous to the' or 'more precarious for the'. This construction suggests that the danger or precariousness is directed towards or experienced by a group of people or things.

Inflection: ἘΠΙΣΦΑΛΕΣΤΕΡΟΣ: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (or Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular); ΤΟΙΣ: All genders, Dative, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΙΝΔΥΝΩΔΕΣΤΕΡΟΣ, ΑΣΦΑΛΕΣΤΕΡΟΣ

G2793

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kin-DY-nos

Translations: danger, a danger, peril, a peril, risk, a risk

Notes: This word refers to a state of exposure to harm or loss, or the possibility of suffering harm or loss. It is commonly used to describe situations involving risk or jeopardy. For example, one might speak of being in danger or facing a great peril.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΜΑ, ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: The origin of the word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb κινδυνεύω (kindyneuō), meaning 'to be in danger' or 'to risk'.

G5010

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TA-xey

Translations: (to) order, (to) arrangement, (to) rank, (to) course, (to) position

Notes: This word refers to an orderly arrangement, a fixed position, a rank, or a course of action. It implies a structured or organized state of things. In a sentence, it would typically indicate the manner or state in which something is done or exists, often in a dative construction meaning 'in order' or 'in a certain arrangement'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΟΣ, ΔΙΑΤΑΓΗ, ΤΑΓΜΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange, to put in order'. It refers to the result of arranging or ordering something.

G3598, G0943

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-doo-bah-DIH-zane

Translations: to walk on a road, to journey, to travel

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to walk on a road' or 'to journey'. It describes the act of moving along a path or way, often implying a journey or travel. It combines the concept of a 'road' (ὁδός) with the act of 'walking' (βαδίζειν).

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΟΡΕΥΕΣΘΑΙ, ΟΔΕΥΕΙΝ, ΒΑΙΝΕΙΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of ὁδός (hodos), meaning 'road' or 'way', and βαδίζειν (badizein), meaning 'to walk' or 'to go'.

G0906

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: bal-LOH-meh-noy

Translations: being thrown, being cast, being put, being laid, being placed, being poured, being put down, being put in, being put on, being put forth, being put out, being put away

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'βάλλω' (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is happening to the subject. In the middle voice, it can imply the subject is acting upon itself or for its own benefit, while in the passive voice, it means the subject is receiving the action. It can be used in various contexts to describe something being thrown, cast, put, or placed, often with a sense of force or intention.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ

G4318

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pros-AN-tes

Translations: steep, uphill, difficult, arduous, a steep place, an uphill place

Notes: This word describes something that is steep or uphill, often implying difficulty or arduousness. It can refer to a physical incline or, metaphorically, to a challenging situation or task. It is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and ἄντης (antes), meaning 'facing' or 'opposite'.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΟΣ, ΑΝΩΦΕΡΗΣ, ΟΡΘΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, towards', and the noun ἄντης (antes), meaning 'face, front', derived from ἀντί (anti), meaning 'opposite, against'. It literally means 'facing towards' or 'against', evolving to describe an upward slope or difficulty.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: POH-le-mee-oo-SIP-pa-see-mon

Translations: hostile to cavalry, suitable for cavalry, hostile to horses, suitable for horses

Notes: This is a highly unusual and likely compound adjective, possibly a hapax legomenon or a very rare formation. It appears to combine elements related to 'enemy' or 'hostile' (ΠΟΛΕΜΙΟΣ - polemios) and 'horse' or 'cavalry' (ΙΠΠΟΣ - hippos), with an adjectival suffix (-ΙΜΟΣ - imos) indicating suitability or capability. Given its structure, it could mean 'hostile to cavalry' or 'suitable for cavalry (in a hostile way)'. It's not clear what this word means. It could be garbled or badly misspelled. If it is a compound, it would combine 'polemios' (enemy, hostile) and 'hippos' (horse, cavalry) with a suffix indicating suitability or capability. The exact meaning is highly speculative.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: tha-TEH-ra

Translations: the other, the other one, the other side, the other part

Notes: This word is a contraction of 'τὸ ἕτερον' (to heteron), meaning 'the other (thing)' or 'the other (person)'. It refers to one of two distinct entities, often implying a contrast or alternative to something previously mentioned. It can be used to describe the other of two things, or to refer to the other side or part of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ, ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἕτερος (heteros) comes from Proto-Indo-European *sem- 'one, together' and *h₁teros 'other'. It refers to one of two, distinct from the other, as opposed to ἄλλος (allos) which refers to another of many.

G2912

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KREEM-noy

Translations: cliff, a cliff, precipice, a precipice, steep bank, a steep bank

Notes: This word refers to a steep place, a cliff, or a precipice. It is often used to describe dangerous or impassable terrain. In the provided examples, it is used in the plural to describe multiple cliffs or steep banks.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΕΤΡΑ, ΒΡΑΧΟΣ, ΟΡΟΣ

Etymology: From κρεμάννυμι (kremánnymi), meaning 'to hang, suspend'. It refers to something that hangs over or is suspended, hence a steep drop.

G2704

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tef-THEI-ron-toh

Translations: they were being destroyed, they were being corrupted, they were being ruined, they were being wasted

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely,' and the verb φθείρω (phtheiro), meaning 'to corrupt' or 'to destroy.' Therefore, καταφθείρω means 'to utterly destroy,' 'to corrupt completely,' or 'to ruin.' The form ΚΑΤΕΦΘΕΙΡΟΝΤΟ indicates an ongoing action in the past, where the subjects were in the process of being destroyed or corrupted.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΟΛΛΥΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb φθείρω (phtheiro), meaning 'to destroy' or 'to corrupt.' The verb φθείρω itself comes from an ancient root meaning 'to waste away' or 'to decay.'

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G3777, G0296

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Noun

Sounds like: OO-teh ah-MOO-nays

Translations: neither, nor, defense, help, assistance

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the conjunction "οὔτε" (oute), meaning "neither" or "nor," and the genitive singular form of the noun "ἀμύνη" (amynē), meaning "defense" or "help." Together, "οὔτε ἀμύνης" means "nor of defense" or "nor of help." It is used to negate the possibility of defense or assistance in a given situation.

Inflection: Does not inflect (οὔτε); Singular, Genitive, Feminine (ἀμύνης)

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

G3627

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oy-MO-gayn

Translations: lamentation, wailing, a lamentation, a wailing

Notes: This word refers to a loud expression of grief or sorrow, often involving crying, weeping, or moaning. It describes the act or sound of lamenting, typically in a public or pronounced manner. It is used to describe the sound of deep sorrow or mourning.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΠΕΤΟΣ, ΘΡΗΝΟΣ, ὈΔΥΡΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word Οἰμωγή (oimōgē) is derived from the verb οἰμώζω (oimōzō), meaning 'to wail' or 'to lament'.

G5157, G2532

Part of Speech: Verb, Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-TRA-pon-toh-KAI

Translations: they turned and, they were turned and, they changed and, they were changed and

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the verb ἘΤΡΑΠΟΝΤΟ and the conjunction ΚΑΙ. ἘΤΡΑΠΟΝΤΟ is the 3rd person plural aorist middle indicative form of the verb ΤΡΕΠΩ, meaning 'to turn' or 'to change'. In the middle voice, it often implies 'to turn oneself' or 'to be turned'. ΚΑΙ is a common conjunction meaning 'and', 'also', or 'even'. Together, the phrase means 'they turned and' or 'they were turned and'.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative (for ἘΤΡΑΠΟΝΤΟ); Does not inflect (for ΚΑΙ)

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΥ̓ΘΙΣ

G5463

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: khai-RON-tone

Translations: of those rejoicing, of those being glad, of those greeting, of those saying farewell

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'of those who are rejoicing' or 'of those who are being glad'. It can also refer to 'of those who are greeting' or 'of those who are saying farewell', depending on the context. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing the action of a group of people.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΩΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΙΡΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to be glad, to rejoice'.

G2371

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: teh-thy-mo-MEH-non

Translations: of those who have been enraged, of the enraged ones, of those who have been angered

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb θυμόω (thymoo), meaning 'to make angry' or 'to enrage'. As a perfect passive participle, it describes a state resulting from a past action, specifically 'having been enraged' or 'having become angry'. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, referring to 'those who have been enraged'.

Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Genitive, Plural, All Genders

Synonyms: ΟΡΓΙΣΘΕΝΤΩΝ, ΕΚΘΥΜΩΘΕΝΤΩΝ

G3641

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: o-li-GOO

Translations: of little, of few, a little, few, almost, nearly, a short time, a little while

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ὈΛΙΓΟΣ' (oligos), meaning 'little' or 'few'. As an adjective, 'ὈΛΙΓΟΥ' is typically the genitive singular masculine or neuter form, meaning 'of little' or 'of few'. It can also function adverbially, meaning 'almost' or 'nearly', indicating proximity in time, quantity, or degree. When used adverbially, it often implies 'a little more and then...' or 'just short of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter; or Adverbial

Synonyms: ΒΡΑΧΥΣ, ΜΙΚΡΟΣ

G1163

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DEIN

Translations: to be necessary, to be needful, to be proper, to be right, to be fitting, to be binding, to be obligatory, to be due, to be destined, to be fated, to be required, to be compelled, to be obliged, to need, to have to, must, ought

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the impersonal verb 'ΔΕΙ'. It means 'to be necessary' or 'it is necessary'. It is often used to express obligation, necessity, or what is proper or destined to happen. It typically takes an infinitive as its subject, indicating what must or ought to be done.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KES-tee-oh

Translations: Cestius, (to) Cestius

Notes: This is the name of a person, Cestius. In the provided context, it refers to Cestius Gallus, a Roman governor of Syria during the First Jewish–Roman War. The form 'ΚΕΣΤΙΩ' is the dative case of the name, indicating the recipient of an action or the indirect object, often translated as 'to Cestius' or 'for Cestius'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Cestius is of Latin origin, a Roman nomen (family name). It is believed to be derived from the Latin word 'cestus', referring to a boxer's gauntlet, or possibly from 'caedo', meaning 'to cut' or 'to strike'.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MEH-nyx

Translations: informer, a spy, a betrayer

Notes: This word refers to an informer, a spy, or someone who betrays information. It describes a person who secretly gives information to an authority, often for a reward or out of malice, leading to the exposure or punishment of others. It can also refer to a betrayer in a more general sense.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΔΟΤΗΣ, ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΟΣ

Etymology: The etymology of ΜΗΝΥΞ is uncertain, but it is related to the verb μηνύω (menyo), meaning 'to disclose' or 'to reveal'.

G1949

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-LAH-ben

Translations: he took hold of, he seized, he caught, he laid hold of, he helped, he rescued, he attacked, he overtook

Notes: This word describes the action of taking hold of something or someone, often with the implication of seizing, grasping, or even attacking. It can also mean to help or rescue someone by taking hold of them, or to overtake something. The meaning can vary depending on the context and the case of the object it takes.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'.

G2607

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-FYOO-gon

Translations: fled for refuge, took refuge, resorted to, fled

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΦΕΥΓΩ (PHEUGŌ), meaning 'to flee'. Together, it means to flee down to a place for refuge or protection, or to take refuge in someone or something. It describes the act of seeking safety or shelter, often with a sense of urgency or desperation.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ

G4024

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peh-ris-KHON-tes

Translations: having surrounded, having encompassed, having contained, having held around, having seized, having taken possession of

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'periechō', meaning 'to surround' or 'to encompass'. It describes an action of enclosing or holding something within limits. It can also imply seizing or taking possession of something by surrounding it. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing the subject as having performed the action of surrounding or containing.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΠΕΡΙΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ

G1841

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EX-oh-don

Translations: exit, an exit, departure, a departure, exodus, an exodus, way out, a way out

Notes: This word refers to a going out, a departure, or an exit. It can be used for a physical exit from a place, or metaphorically for a departure from life, such as death. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐκ' (out of) and 'ὁδός' (way, road).

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΗΜΙΑ, ΕΚΒΑΣΙΣ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΞΟΔΟΣ is a compound of the preposition 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the noun 'ὁδός' (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road'. It literally means 'a way out' or 'a going out'.

G5319

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: fah-neh-RAN

Translations: manifest, evident, visible, clear, apparent, a manifest thing, an evident thing

Notes: This word describes something that is visible, clear, or openly known. It is used to indicate that something is made apparent or becomes obvious to others. It can refer to something that is revealed or brought into the light, making it easily perceived or understood.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΣ, ΕΜΦΑΝΗΣ, ΦΩΣ

Etymology: The word ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ comes from the verb φαίνω (phainō), meaning 'to bring to light, to make visible, to appear'.

G0640

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-pog-NOOS

Translations: despairing, having despaired, giving up, abandoning hope, having given up hope

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ἀπογιγνώσκω', meaning 'to despair' or 'to give up hope'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject, often indicating a preceding action or a state of being. It is used to convey the idea of someone having lost all hope or having abandoned a particular course of action or expectation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ἈΠΟΓΝΩΣΙΣ

G1627, G1011

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: dras-MON eh-boo-LEH-oo-eh-toh

Translations: flight, escape, he was planning, he was deliberating, he was counseling

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the noun 'δρασμόν' (drasmon), meaning 'flight' or 'escape' (in the accusative case), and the verb 'ἐβουλεύετο' (ebouleueto), which is the imperfect middle/passive form of 'βουλεύω' (bouleuō), meaning 'to plan' or 'to deliberate'. Together, the phrase means 'he was planning an escape' or 'he was deliberating about flight'. It describes the act of someone making plans for an escape.

Inflection: ΔΡΑΣΜΟΝ: Singular, Accusative, Masculine. ἘΒΟΥΛΕΥΕΤΟ: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice.

Synonyms: ΦΥΓΗ, ΜΗΧΑΝΑΟΜΑΙ, ΣΚΟΠΕΩ

G1252

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-KREE-nas

Translations: having judged, having discerned, having distinguished, having decided, having separated, having made a distinction

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb 'διακρίνω' (diakrinō). It means to judge, discern, distinguish, decide, or separate. It implies making a careful distinction or evaluation, often leading to a decision or separation based on that judgment. It can be used to describe someone who has made a judgment or decision, or who has separated things or people.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΡΙΝΩ, ΧΩΡΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΣΤΕΛΛΩ

G4757

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-tee-OH-tahs

Translations: soldiers

Notes: This word refers to a soldier, a member of an army or military force. It is typically used to describe individuals who serve in a military capacity, often in a group. In a sentence, it would function as the object of a verb or preposition, indicating the recipients of an action or the subject of a description.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word στρατιώτης (stratiōtēs) comes from στρατιά (stratia), meaning 'army' or 'military service', which itself is derived from στρατός (stratos), meaning 'army' or 'encampment'.

G5616

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-say

Translations: as if, as, like, about, approximately, some, nearly

Notes: ΩΣΕΙ is an adverb or conjunction used to indicate comparison, approximation, or similarity. It can mean "as if," "like," "about," or "approximately." It is often used to describe a quantity or duration that is not exact, or to introduce a hypothetical situation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΠΕΡΙΠΟΥ

Etymology: From the Greek word ὡς (hōs), meaning "as" or "like," combined with the particle εἰ (ei), meaning "if."

G2186

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pes-TEE-sen

Translations: he stood over, he set over, he appointed, he came upon, he attacked, he appeared, he was present

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ἐφίστημι (ephistēmi). It means 'he stood over,' 'he set over,' 'he appointed,' 'he came upon,' or 'he attacked.' It can describe someone being present, appearing suddenly, or being put in charge of something. The meaning can vary depending on the context and the case of the object it takes.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΑΡΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G4367

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-TAK-sas

Translations: having commanded, having ordered, having instructed, having appointed

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having commanded' or 'having ordered'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and has a direct bearing on the present situation or subsequent events. It is often used to indicate that someone has given an authoritative directive or instruction.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΙΛΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΣΑΣ, ΕΠΙΤΑΞΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΣΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and ΤΑΣΣΩ (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to appoint'. Thus, it literally means 'to arrange towards' or 'to appoint to', leading to the sense of commanding or ordering.

G0327

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-boh-AHN

Translations: to cry out, to shout, to exclaim

Notes: This word means to cry out or shout loudly, often with a sense of urgency or strong emotion. It can be used to describe someone raising their voice to make a declaration, express a feeling, or call for attention. For example, one might cry out in pain, joy, or to give a command.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΒΟΑΩ, ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ

Etymology: From ἀνά (ana, 'up, again') and βοάω (boaō, 'to shout, to cry out'). It literally means 'to shout up' or 'to shout again/aloud'.

G3633, G3588

Part of Speech: Verb, Article

Sounds like: oy-OHN-tah-tee-N

Translations: they will divine, they will prophesy, they will interpret omens, the, her, it

Notes: This word appears to be a compound or a misspelling. It seems to combine the 3rd person plural future middle indicative of the verb ΟἸΩΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ (oiōnízomai), meaning 'to divine' or 'to interpret omens', with the feminine singular accusative definite article ΤΗΝ (tēn), meaning 'the' or 'her/it'. As a single word, 'ΟἸΩΝΤΑΙΤΗΝ' is not a standard Koine Greek form. It is highly probable that this is a transcription error or a garbled text, and the two parts should be separate words: ΟἸΩΝΤΑΙ ΤΗΝ.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Future, Middle, Indicative (for ΟἸΩΝΤΑΙ); Singular, Accusative, Feminine (for ΤΗΝ)

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G0353, G2272

Part of Speech: Participle, Adverb

Sounds like: ah-na-la-BOHN-hay-soo-KHEE

Translations: taking up quietly, having taken up quietly, receiving quietly, having received quietly, assuming quietly, having assumed quietly

Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of the aorist active participle of the verb ἀναλαμβάνω (analambanō), meaning 'to take up, receive, assume,' and the adverb ἡσυχῇ (hēsuchē), meaning 'quietly, in quietness, calmly.' Together, it describes the action of taking something up or receiving something in a quiet or calm manner. It would be used to describe someone performing an action with discretion or without drawing attention.

Inflection: ἈΝΑΛΑΒΩΝ: Singular, Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine. ΗΣΥΧΗ: Adverb, does not inflect.

G5144

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: tree-AH-kon-tah

Translations: thirty

Notes: This word means 'thirty' and is used to denote the number 30. It functions as an indeclinable numeral, meaning its form does not change regardless of the gender, case, or number of the noun it modifies. It is typically used to quantify nouns, indicating a quantity of thirty units.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From τρεῖς (treis, “three”) and a suffix related to -κοντα (-konta, “-ty”), indicating multiples of ten. It is cognate with Latin triginta and English thirty.

G4281

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-EH-sin

Translations: goes forth, goes forward, comes forth, comes forward, proceeds, advances

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to go forth' or 'to go forward'. It describes movement in a forward direction, often implying progression, advancement, or emergence from a place. It can be used to describe a person or thing moving ahead or appearing.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular or Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: From the prefix πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

G2529, G2048

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: kah-tee-DON-tes-EH-ray-mon

Translations: having seen desolate, having perceived empty, having beheld deserted

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the participle 'κατιδόντες' (having seen/beheld/perceived) and the adjective 'ἔρημον' (desolate, deserted, empty). It describes the action of perceiving something as desolate or empty. It functions as a descriptive phrase, indicating that the subjects of the verb have observed a state of desolation or emptiness.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Plural (for κατιδόντες); Neuter, Accusative, Singular (for ἔρημον)

G1818

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eks-ah-pah-TEE-san-tas

Translations: those who deceived, those who misled, those who tricked

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'exapataō', meaning 'to deceive thoroughly' or 'to mislead'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by someone. In this form, it refers to 'those who have deceived' or 'the ones who misled'. It is used to describe individuals who carried out an act of deception.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΑΩ, ΠΛΑΝΑΩ, ΔΟΛΙΟΩ

G5070, G5143

Part of Speech: Numeral, Verb

Sounds like: tet-ra-KO-see-oos-ED-ra-mon

Translations: four hundred ran, ran four hundred

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the numeral adjective 'four hundred' (τετρακοσίους) and the aorist indicative active form of the verb 'to run' (ἔδραμον). The combined meaning is 'four hundred ran' or 'they ran four hundred'. The numeral is in the accusative case, masculine gender, and plural number, indicating the direct object or the number of people who performed the action. The verb is in the third person plural, indicating that 'they' ran.

Inflection: ΤΕΤΡΑΚΟΣΙΟΥΣ: Accusative, Masculine, Plural; ἘΔΡΑΜΟΝ: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

G2532, G1565

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun

Sounds like: kah-keh-EE-noos

Translations: and those, and them

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the contraction of the conjunction "καὶ" (kai, meaning "and") and the demonstrative pronoun "ἐκείνους" (ekeinous, meaning "those" or "them"). It is used to connect a previous statement or group with "those" or "them" that follow, indicating an additional group or item. For example, it could be used in a sentence like "He saw the men and those [others] also."

Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥΤΟΥΣ, ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΥΣ

G1377

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DEE-oh-kon

Translations: they were pursuing, they were persecuting, they were chasing, they were following, they were running after

Notes: This is a verb in the imperfect active indicative, third person plural. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. The verb generally means 'to pursue,' 'to chase,' 'to persecute,' or 'to follow.' It can be used literally, as in chasing an enemy, or figuratively, as in pursuing a goal or persecuting someone for their beliefs.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΩ, ΚΥΝΗΓΕΩ, ΔΙΩΓΜΟΣ

G3641

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: o-LI-gon

Translations: little, a little, few, a few, small, a small amount, short, a short time, briefly

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'little' or 'few', or as an adverb meaning 'a little' or 'briefly'. As an adjective, it describes a small quantity or number of something. As an adverb, it indicates a small degree or duration of an action. It is often used to denote scarcity or brevity.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΙΚΡΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ

Etymology: The word ὈΛΙΓΟΣ (oligos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to words meaning 'small' or 'scanty'.

G4298

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: proh-ee-LEE-fay

Translations: to take beforehand, to anticipate, to seize beforehand, to preoccupy, to prevent, to come before

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'πρό' (before) and the verb 'λαμβάνω' (to take, to receive). It means to take or receive something before someone else, to anticipate an action, or to seize something in advance. It can also imply preventing something by acting first.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΦΘΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: TAS-teh

Translations: unknown

Notes: It's not clear what this word means. It could be garbled or badly misspelled. Based on the context provided, it appears in close proximity to words like "καταστενάζοντες" (groaning) and "καταστεμα" (a garland or crown, though this is a very rare word and likely a misspelling of something else in the context). It does not correspond to any known Koine Greek word. It is possible it is a fragment of a larger word, a transcription error, or a very obscure or non-standard form.

Inflection: Unknown

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-leh-POH-leess

Translations: siege towers, war engines, battering rams

Notes: An 'helepolis' was a massive, mobile siege tower used in ancient warfare, particularly by the Greeks and Romans. These structures were designed to protect soldiers while they approached enemy fortifications, allowing them to breach walls or engage defenders from a height. The word 'ΕΛΕΠΟΛΕΙΣ' is the plural form, referring to multiple such war machines.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative

Etymology: The word 'helepolis' is a compound word derived from the Greek 'ἑλεῖν' (helein), meaning 'to take' or 'to capture', and 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city'. Thus, it literally means 'city-taker' or 'city-capturer', reflecting its purpose in siege warfare.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ox-yoo-BEH-leess

Translations: oxybeles, a dart-shooter, a catapult, a ballista

Notes: This is a compound word derived from 'ὀξύς' (oxys, meaning sharp or pointed) and 'βέλος' (belos, meaning a missile or dart). An oxybeles was an ancient Greek siege engine, a type of large crossbow or catapult designed to shoot large darts or bolts. It was a powerful weapon used for long-range attacks against fortifications or enemy formations.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΕΛΤΗΣ, ΛΙΘΟΒΟΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ὈΞΥΒΕΛΗΣ is a compound of the Greek words ὀξύς (oxys), meaning 'sharp' or 'pointed', and βέλος (belos), meaning 'missile' or 'dart'. It literally means 'sharp-shooter' or 'dart-shooter', referring to the type of projectile it launched.

G3704, G2641

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: OR-gah-NOHN kah-tah-li-PEIN

Translations: of instruments to leave behind, of tools to abandon, of devices to forsake

Notes: This appears to be a compound phrase consisting of two words: 'ὈΡΓΑΝΩΝ' (organon) and 'ΚΑΤΑΛΙΠΕΙΝ' (katalipein). 'ὈΡΓΑΝΩΝ' is the genitive plural of 'organon', meaning 'of instruments' or 'of tools'. 'ΚΑΤΑΛΙΠΕΙΝ' is the aorist infinitive of 'kataleipo', meaning 'to leave behind' or 'to abandon'. Together, the phrase means 'to leave behind instruments' or 'to abandon tools'. It describes the act of forsaking or abandoning one's equipment or implements.

Inflection: ὈΡΓΑΝΩΝ: Plural, Genitive, Neuter; ΚΑΤΑΛΙΠΕΙΝ: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΚΕΥΟΣ, ΕΡΓΑΛΕΙΟΝ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΚΛΕΙΠΩ

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G0861

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OW-this

Translations: again, anew, back, once more, furthermore, on the other hand

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'anew'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a contrasting idea, similar to 'furthermore' or 'on the other hand'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΛΙΝ, ἘΤΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek αὖθις (authis), meaning 'again', 'back again'. It is related to αὖ (au), meaning 'again', 'furthermore'.

G5530

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ekh-RAY-san-toh

Translations: they used, they employed, they treated, they dealt with

Notes: This word means 'they used' or 'they employed'. It describes the action of putting something into service or making use of it. It can also mean 'they treated' or 'they dealt with' someone or something, indicating a manner of interaction. It is often followed by a dative case object, indicating what is being used or how someone is being treated.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΧΡΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΧΡΗΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΧΡΑΟΜΑΙ

G0863

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: TON-ah-FEN-ton

Translations: (of) those who have sent away, (of) those who have let go, (of) those who have forgiven, (of) those who have left

Notes: This is a compound word, formed from the definite article "ΤΩΝ" (of the) and the genitive plural masculine/neuter participle "ἈΦΕΝΤΩΝ" of the verb "ἀφίημι" (aphiēmi). The verb "ἀφίημι" means to send away, let go, release, forgive, or leave. Therefore, "ΤΩΝἈΦΕΝΤΩΝ" refers to "of those who have sent away," "of those who have let go," "of those who have forgiven," or "of those who have left." It indicates possession or origin from a group of people who performed one of these actions.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Genitive Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΟΝΤΩΝ, ΑΦΙΕΝΤΩΝ

G4281

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-EEL-thon

Translations: I went forth, they went forth, I went forward, they went forward, I advanced, they advanced, I proceeded, they proceeded

Notes: This word is the third person plural (or first person singular) aorist indicative active form of the verb 'προέρχομαι' (proerchomai), meaning 'to go forth' or 'to go forward'. It describes an action of moving onward or advancing that occurred in the past. It can be used to describe people or things moving from one place to another, or progressing in a task or discussion.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, First Person Singular or Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'προέρχομαι' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

G1377

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-OH-kon-tes

Translations: pursuing, persecuting, chasing, following, those who pursue, those who persecute

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to pursue' or 'to persecute'. It describes an action of actively following after someone or something, either in a literal chase or in a hostile sense of persecution. It can also mean to earnestly seek or strive for something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, but also carries the action of a verb.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΞΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΓΜΟΣ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-LAM-bah-non

Translations: they were overtaking, they were seizing, they were apprehending, they were comprehending, they were laying hold of

Notes: This word describes the action of taking hold of something or someone, either physically by seizing or grasping, or mentally by comprehending or understanding. It can also mean to overtake someone or something, catching up to them. The form indicates a continuous or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word καταλαμβάνω (katalambanō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. The combination suggests a forceful or complete taking or grasping.

G5290

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: hoo-pos-TREH-fon-tes

Translations: returning, going back, turning back, a returning, a going back

Notes: This word describes the action of turning back, going back, or returning to a previous place or state. It is often used to indicate a movement back towards a starting point or a reversal of direction. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in the process of returning.

Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΝΑΚΑΜΠΤΩ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ

G3182

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mee-kha-NAH-seh-ron

Translations: machines, devices, contrivances

Notes: This word is likely a misspelling or a highly unusual inflection of the word for 'machine' or 'device'. The base word 'μηχανή' refers to any contrivance, machine, or instrument, often implying ingenuity or skill in its construction. It can also refer to a plan or stratagem. The ending '-ασήρον' is not a standard Koine Greek inflection. The presence of the coronis (̓) after the sigma suggests a possible elision or crasis, but the full form is not readily identifiable as a standard compound. Given the context, it most likely refers to multiple machines or devices.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine (likely, based on the root 'μηχανή')

Synonyms: ΟΡΓΑΝΟΝ, ΕΡΓΑΛΕΙΟΝ

G4813

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-SY-lon

Translations: they plundered, they stripped, they despoiled

Notes: This is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'σύλαω' (sulaō), meaning 'to strip, plunder, or despoil'. It describes an action of taking away possessions or valuables from someone or something, often by force or illicitly, that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It implies a forceful or violent act of taking.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΡΠΑΖΩ, ΛΗΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΡΠΑΖΩ

Etymology: The verb 'σύλαω' (sulaō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'σῦλον' (sylon), meaning 'booty' or 'spoil'.

G0620

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-po-leef-THEY-san

Translations: left behind, remaining, abandoned, deserted, a thing left behind, a thing remaining

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'apoleipō', meaning 'to leave behind' or 'to abandon'. As a participle, it describes something that has been left behind or remains. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or substantively, referring to the thing itself that was left behind. It is a compound word formed from 'apo' (away from) and 'leipō' (to leave).

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Feminine, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, ΕΓΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ

G4863, G2532

Part of Speech: Verb, Conjunction

Sounds like: soon-EE-gon-kai

Translations: they were gathering, they were assembling, and, also, even

Notes: This entry is a combination of two separate Koine Greek words, 'συνῆγον' (synēgon) and 'καί' (kai), which have been written together without a space. 'Συνῆγον' is the 3rd person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'συνάγω' (synagō), meaning 'to gather, bring together, or assemble.' It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. 'Καί' is a common conjunction meaning 'and,' 'also,' or 'even,' used to connect words, phrases, or clauses.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative (for συνῆγον); Does not inflect (for καί)

Synonyms: ΑΘΡΟΙΖΩ, ΣΥΛΛΕΓΩ, ΤΕ

G3389

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mee-tro-PO-lin

Translations: metropolis, a metropolis, mother city, a mother city, capital city, a capital city

Notes: This word refers to a 'mother city' or 'capital city', often the chief city of a region or colony from which other cities were founded. It is a compound word formed from 'μήτηρ' (mother) and 'πόλις' (city). It is used to denote a principal city, especially in relation to its colonies or dependent towns. For example, one might say 'they traveled to the metropolis' to indicate a journey to the main city.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΣ, ΚΕΦΑΛΗ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΙΣ is a compound of two Greek words: μήτηρ (mētēr), meaning 'mother', and πόλις (polis), meaning 'city'. It literally means 'mother city', referring to a city that was the origin or administrative center for other settlements.

G3303, G3641

Part of Speech: Particle, Adjective

Sounds like: MEN-ol-EE-goos

Translations: indeed few, on the one hand few, few indeed, a few

Notes: This is a compound phrase combining the particle 'ΜΕΝ' (men) and the adjective 'ὈΛΙΓΟΥΣ' (oligous). 'ΜΕΝ' is a particle often used to introduce a clause or emphasize a preceding word, frequently paired with 'ΔΕ' (de) in a 'on the one hand... on the other hand' construction, though it can also stand alone for emphasis. 'ὈΛΙΓΟΥΣ' is the accusative masculine plural form of 'ὈΛΙΓΟΣ', meaning 'few' or 'little'. Together, the phrase means 'indeed few' or 'on the one hand few', indicating a small number of people or things, often in contrast to something else.

Inflection: Particle (does not inflect), Adjective (Accusative, Masculine, Plural)

Synonyms: ὈΛΙΓΟΙ

G0654

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: ah-po-vev-vlee-MEH-noy

Translations: cast off, thrown away, rejected, discarded, abandoned, lost

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been cast off' or 'having been thrown away'. It describes something that has been rejected or discarded. It can be used to describe people or objects that are no longer wanted or useful, often implying a sense of loss or abandonment.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΡΡΙΦΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ἘΚΒΛΗΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ἈΠΩΛΕΣΜΕΝΟΙ

G3843

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pan-ta-PA-sin

Translations: altogether, entirely, absolutely, by all means, at all

Notes: This word is a compound adverb meaning 'altogether' or 'entirely'. It is used to emphasize the totality or completeness of something, often intensifying the meaning of the verb or adjective it modifies. For example, it can mean 'not at all' when used with a negative, or 'completely' when used affirmatively.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΛΩΣ, ΤΕΛΕΩΣ, ΠΑΝΤΩΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΝΤΑΠΑΣΙΝ is a compound adverb formed from the root ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every', and the intensive prefix ΑΠΑΣ (apas), also meaning 'all together' or 'completely'.

G3588, G4848

Part of Speech: Article, Noun

Sounds like: TON-sym-MA-khon

Translations: of the allies, of the confederates

Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of the definite article "τῶν" (tōn), meaning "of the," and the noun "συμμάχων" (symmáchōn), meaning "allies" or "confederates." Together, it refers to a group of people who are united in a common cause, typically in a military or political alliance. It is used to indicate possession or origin related to these allies.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΩΝ, ΣΥΝΔΕΔΕΜΕΝΩΝ

G0337

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-nee-RAY-koh-tes

Translations: having taken up, having destroyed, having killed, those who have taken up, those who have destroyed, those who have killed

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, masculine, nominative/accusative, plural form of the verb ἀναιρέω (anaireō). It describes an action that has been completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. Depending on the context, it can mean 'to take up' or 'to destroy/kill'. For example, it could refer to people who have taken up a body or those who have killed someone.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ἈΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ἈΝΕΛΩΝ

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TA-deh

Translations: these things, thus, as follows

Notes: ΤΑΔΕ is the neuter plural form of the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is often used to introduce a statement, a list of items, or direct speech, functioning like 'thus' or 'as follows'. For example, 'thus says the Lord'. It can refer to things that are about to be said or have just been mentioned.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΤΟΙΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ὅδε (hode) is formed from the demonstrative pronoun ὁ (ho, 'this, that') and the deictic particle -δε (-de), which emphasizes proximity or immediate reference.

G4238, G2203