2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3501

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: neh-OHN

Translations: of new, of young, of new things, of young people

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΝΕΟΣ' (neos), which means 'new' or 'young'. It is used to describe something that is fresh, recent, or in an early stage of development, or to refer to people who are young in age. As a genitive plural, it typically translates as 'of new things' or 'of young people', indicating possession, origin, or relationship.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'new'. It is related to the Latin 'novus' and English 'new'.

G0757

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ER-xeh

Translations: began, ruled, reigned

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'archō'. It means 'he/she/it began' or 'he/she/it ruled/reigned'. It is used to describe an action that started or a period of leadership that commenced in the past.

Inflection: Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'archō' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to begin, to rule'. It is related to words signifying 'first' or 'chief'.

G2351

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tho-RY-bon

Translations: of a crowd, of a tumult, of a disturbance, of a commotion, of an uproar, of a riot

Notes: This word refers to a noise, a crowd, or a disturbance. It can describe the sound of a multitude, a commotion, or an uproar, often implying disorder or a riotous gathering. In the provided context, it is used in the genitive plural, indicating 'of tumults' or 'of disturbances'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΑΡΑΧΗ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ, ΣΥΓΧΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΘΟΡΥΒΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly onomatopoeic, imitating the sound of a commotion or uproar.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G0318

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nahg-KAY

Translations: necessity, compulsion, distress, trouble, need, a necessity

Notes: This word refers to a state of necessity, compulsion, or distress. It can describe an unavoidable obligation or a difficult situation that causes hardship. It is often used to denote a pressing need or an unavoidable circumstance.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΛΙΨΙΣ, ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ

Etymology: From a compound of ἀνά (ana, 'up, again') and ἄγκη (ankē, 'a bend, a curve'), referring to a bending or constraint. It denotes that which compels or constrains.

G3996

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pen-THEE-sas

Translations: mourning, having mourned, lamenting, having lamented

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'πενθέω' (pentheō), meaning 'to mourn' or 'to lament'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. The aorist tense indicates that the action of mourning or lamenting was completed prior to the action of the main verb in the sentence. It describes someone who has already mourned or is in the state of mourning.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΥΡΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΠΤΟΜΑΙ, ΘΡΗΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'πενθέω' (pentheō) is derived from 'πένθος' (penthos), meaning 'grief' or 'mourning'. Its origin is ancient, tracing back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to suffering or pain.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1950

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ten-eh-pi-TAH-fee-on

Translations: the funeral oration, the eulogy, the funeral speech

Notes: This word is a compound of the definite article 'ΤΗΝ' (the, accusative feminine singular) and 'ἘΠΙΤΑΦΙΟΝ' (epitaphion). 'ἘΠΙΤΑΦΙΟΝ' itself is an adjective meaning 'over a tomb' or 'at a funeral', but it is used here substantively to refer to a funeral oration or eulogy. It describes a speech delivered in honor of the deceased, typically at their burial.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΙΑ, ΕΠΑΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΤΑΦΙΟΝ (epitaphion) comes from the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and τάφος (taphos), meaning 'tomb' or 'burial'. It originally referred to something placed upon a tomb, and later to a speech delivered at a funeral.

G3930

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: par-as-KHOHN

Translations: having provided, having supplied, having offered, having granted, having caused, having presented, having given, having afforded

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'παρέχω' (parechō), meaning 'to provide' or 'to offer'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred and is completed. It indicates that the subject has performed the action of providing or supplying something. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'the one having provided the food' or 'he, having offered help, departed'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΟΥΣ, ΠΟΙΩΝ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩΝ

G1485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EH-thos

Translations: custom, habit, practice, a custom, a habit, a practice

Notes: This word refers to a custom, habit, or practice, something that is regularly done or observed. It describes a customary way of acting or a traditional practice within a community or by an individual. It is often used to refer to established traditions or religious observances.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΣ, ΣΥΝΗΘΕΙΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *swedh-, meaning 'custom, habit'. It is related to words signifying 'one's own' or 'peculiar to oneself', indicating something that is characteristic or habitual.

G0159

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: ai-TI-on

Translations: cause, a cause, reason, a reason, responsible, guilty, blame

Notes: This word refers to the cause or reason for something, or someone who is responsible or guilty for an action or outcome. It can function as both a noun, meaning 'a cause' or 'a reason,' and as an adjective, meaning 'responsible' or 'guilty.' It is often used to identify the origin or source of an event or state.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑἸΤΙΑ, ΠΡΟΦΑΣΙΣ, ΑΡΧΗ

Etymology: The word originates from the Greek verb αἰτέω (aitéō), meaning 'to ask, beg, or demand.' Over time, it evolved to refer to that which is asked for or demanded as a reason or cause.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

G2074

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ess-TEE-ahn

Translations: hearth, a hearth, home, a home, house, a house

Notes: This word refers to a hearth or fireplace, which was the central point of a home in ancient times. By extension, it can also mean the home or dwelling itself, representing the domestic sphere. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΣ, ΟΙΚΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΕΣΤΙΑ (hestia) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a hearth or fire. It is related to the Latin 'Vesta', the goddess of the hearth.

G318

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nang-KAYS

Translations: of necessity, of distress, of compulsion, of trouble, of constraint

Notes: This word refers to a state of necessity, compulsion, or distress. It can describe an unavoidable obligation or a difficult situation. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of necessity' or 'of distress', showing that something belongs to or arises from a state of necessity or trouble.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΛΙΨΕΩΣ, ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑΣ, ΠΙΕΣΕΩΣ

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G3741

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: OH-see-os

Translations: holy, righteous, pious, devout, a holy one, a righteous one

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is holy, righteous, or pious, especially in the sense of being consecrated to God or fulfilling one's duties towards God. It implies a sense of moral purity and devotion. It can be used to describe individuals who are devout or actions that are righteous.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ, ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ

Etymology: The etymology of 'hosios' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the concept of what is sanctioned by divine law or custom, distinguishing it from 'dikaios' (just, righteous by human law) and 'hagios' (sacred, set apart).

G3335

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tah-lam-BAH-noh

Translations: to take a share of, to partake of, to receive, to obtain, to get, to share

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a garbled form of the Koine Greek verb 'μεταλαμβάνω' (metalambanō). The ending '-ειμεν' does not correspond to a standard inflection of this verb. If it were 'μεταλαμβάνομεν', it would mean 'we are partaking' or 'we partake'. If it were 'μεταλαμβάνειν', it would be the present active infinitive, meaning 'to partake'. The verb 'μεταλαμβάνω' is a compound word formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. It generally means to take a share of something, to partake in it, or to receive something.

Inflection: Likely a misspelling; if it were 'μεταλαμβάνομεν', it would be Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Plural. If it were 'μεταλαμβάνειν', it would be Present, Active, Infinitive.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΕΧΩ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΕΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'μεταλαμβάνω' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'.

G4281

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-EH-see

Translations: goes forth, goes forward, proceeds, advances, comes forth

Notes: This word describes the action of moving forward or advancing. It is often used to indicate a progression in space or time, such as going out from a place, moving ahead, or proceeding with an action. It can be used in contexts like 'he goes forth into the assembly' or 'the army proceeds'.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟ (PRO), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and the verb ΕΙΜΙ (EIMI), meaning 'to go'.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-RON

Translations: sacred, holy, consecrated, a sacred place, a temple, temple

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'sacred,' 'holy,' or 'consecrated.' When used as a noun, it refers to a 'sacred place' or, more specifically, a 'temple.' It describes something set apart for religious purposes or dedicated to a deity.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΙΕΡΟΣ (hieros) comes from a pre-Greek substrate word, possibly related to the concept of 'strength' or 'power,' which became associated with divine power and sacredness.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2532, G1565

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun

Sounds like: kah-keh-EE-nos

Translations: and that one, and he, and she, and it, and those, and they

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction 'καί' (and) and the demonstrative pronoun 'ἐκεῖνος' (that one, he, she, it). It means 'and that one' or 'and he/she/it', often used to refer back to a previously mentioned person or thing, or to introduce another person or thing in a similar context. It functions as a pronoun with an added conjunctive sense.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Masculine

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AF

Translations: from, away from, by, of

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΑΠΟ (APO), which means 'from' or 'away from'. The final vowel of ΑΠΟ is dropped (elided) when it precedes a word that begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the apostrophe-like symbol over the vowel). It indicates separation, origin, or cause, often translated as 'from' or 'away from'. It can also denote the agent 'by' or the source 'of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab, English off, and German ab.

G0968

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BAY-mah-tos

Translations: of a step, of a pace, of a platform, of a tribunal, of a judgment seat

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'βῆμα' (bēma). It refers to a step, a raised platform, or a tribunal/judgment seat. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin, such as 'of the platform' or 'belonging to the judgment seat'. It is often used in contexts referring to a place from which one speaks or judges.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΣ, ΒΑΘΜΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: From the Greek verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. The noun βῆμα (bēma) literally refers to a 'step' or 'pace', and by extension, a raised place ascended by steps.

G1188

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: deh-xee-OH-sah-meh-nos

Translations: having welcomed, having greeted, having received, having given the right hand

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δεξιόομαι' (dexioomai), meaning 'to welcome' or 'to greet by giving the right hand'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, often functioning like an adjective or adverb to modify another verb or noun in the sentence. It implies a friendly or hospitable reception.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΣΠΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb δεξιόομαι (dexioomai) is derived from the adjective δεξιός (dexios), meaning 'right' or 'on the right side'. It literally means 'to give the right hand' as a sign of welcome or greeting.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G4710

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: spoo-DEHS

Translations: (of) diligence, (of) haste, (of) earnestness, (of) zeal, (of) eagerness

Notes: This word refers to a state of earnestness, diligence, or eagerness. It can also denote speed or haste in action. It is used to describe the quality of being diligent or the act of doing something quickly and with great effort.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΑΧΟΣ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ, ΖΗΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word σπουδή (spoudē) is derived from the verb σπεύδω (speudō), meaning 'to hasten' or 'to be eager'. It refers to the quality of being quick or earnest in action.

G1731

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-e-DIK-san-toh

Translations: they showed, they displayed, they demonstrated, they proved, they exhibited

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to show, display, demonstrate, or prove something. It implies making something evident or clear, often by actions or behavior. It can be used to describe someone showing kindness, power, or a particular quality.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΞΑΝΤΕΣ, ΕΦΑΝΕΡΩΣΑΝ, ΕΠΕΔΕΙΞΑΝ

Etymology: The word ΕΝΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΝ (en), meaning 'in' or 'among', and the verb ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ (deiknymi), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out'.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G2743

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kay-DEH-ee-an

Translations: care, anxiety, funeral, burial, a funeral, a burial

Notes: This word refers to care, concern, or anxiety, often with a sense of responsibility or solicitude. It can also specifically denote a funeral or burial, reflecting the care given to the deceased. In a sentence, it might describe someone's deep concern for a matter or the arrangements for a funeral.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΕΡΙΜΝΑ, ΤΑΦΗ, ΕΝΤΑΦΙΑΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΗΔΕΙΑ (kēdeia) comes from the verb κήδω (kēdō), meaning 'to care for, to trouble oneself about'. It is related to the idea of concern and responsibility.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G2235

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).

G3376, G3378

Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: MAYN

Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly

Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.

Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ

Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.

G3918

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pah-RON-tos

Translations: of being present, of being at hand, of being here, of the present

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the present active participle of the verb 'πάρειμι' (pareimi), meaning 'to be present' or 'to be at hand'. It describes someone or something that is currently in a particular place or situation. In English, it often translates as 'of one who is present' or 'of the present (time/thing)', depending on the context. It can function adjectivally or substantively.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΝΟΝΤΟΣ, ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΟΣ

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G2541

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KAI-sar

Translations: Caesar

Notes: This word refers to Caesar, a title used by Roman emperors. It is derived from the family name of Julius Caesar and was adopted by subsequent emperors as a title of imperial authority. It is used in the New Testament to refer to the reigning Roman emperor.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The word "ΚΑΙΣΑΡ" is a transliteration of the Latin name "Caesar," which was originally the cognomen of a branch of the gens Julia, most famously Gaius Julius Caesar. After his death, his adopted son Octavian (Augustus) used it as part of his title, and it subsequently became a title for Roman emperors.

G1990

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-ky-ROH-see

Translations: confirmation, ratification, validation, a confirmation, a ratification, a validation

Notes: This word refers to the act of confirming, ratifying, or validating something. It signifies the formal approval or establishment of an agreement, decision, or action, making it legally or officially binding. It implies giving authority or sanction to something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΕΒΑΙΩΣΗ, ΚΥΡΩΣΗ, ΕΠΙΒΕΒΑΙΩΣΗ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΚΥΡΩΣΗ (epikyrōsis) is derived from the verb ἐπικυρόω (epikyroō), meaning 'to confirm, ratify, validate'. This verb is a compound of ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and κυρόω (kyroō), meaning 'to confirm' or 'to make valid'.

G1243

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ah-dokh-EEN

Translations: succession, a succession, sequence, a sequence

Notes: This word refers to a succession, a sequence, or a taking over from another. It is used to describe the act of following in order or sequence, often in a position of authority or responsibility. For example, one might speak of the succession of kings or the sequence of events.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΔΟΧΟΣ, ΔΙΑΔΟΧΗ

Etymology: The word "διαδοχή" (diadochē) comes from the Greek verb "διαδέχομαι" (diadechomai), meaning "to receive in turn" or "to succeed." It is formed from "διά" (dia), meaning "through" or "across," and "δέχομαι" (dechomai), meaning "to receive."

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G1203

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: des-PO-tays

Translations: master, lord, owner, a master, a lord

Notes: This word refers to a master, lord, or owner, someone who has absolute authority or control over others, such as servants, slaves, or possessions. It is often used in a secular context for a human master, but it is also frequently used in a religious context to refer to God or Christ as the ultimate Lord and Master.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *dems-pot-, meaning 'master of the house'. It is a compound of *dem- ('house') and *pot- ('master, powerful').

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G1238

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-AH-day-mah

Translations: diadem, a diadem, crown, a crown

Notes: A diadem is a type of crown, specifically a headband or fillet worn as a symbol of royalty or authority. It signifies sovereign power and is typically worn by kings, queens, or other rulers. It is often used in contexts describing the investiture or display of royal authority.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek διάδημα (diádēma), from διαδέω (diadéō, “to bind around”), from διά (diá, “through, across”) + δέω (déō, “to bind”). It refers to something bound around the head.

G1209

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: deh-DEKH-thai

Translations: to have been received, to have been accepted, to have been taken

Notes: This word is the perfect passive infinitive form of the verb 'δέχομαι' (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often used in indirect statements or as the object of another verb. The perfect tense indicates a completed action with ongoing results, and the passive voice means the subject is the one being acted upon, i.e., 'having been received' or 'having been accepted'.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

G3305

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN-toy

Translations: however, certainly, indeed, nevertheless, yet, truly

Notes: ΜΕΝΤΟΙ is a particle used to introduce a strong contrast or to emphasize a statement. It often means 'however' or 'nevertheless' when introducing a contrasting idea, or 'certainly' or 'indeed' when adding emphasis to a preceding statement. It can be used to affirm something strongly or to mark a transition to a more important or contrasting point.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΔΕ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: From the particle μέν (men) meaning 'on the one hand' or 'indeed', and τοι (toi) meaning 'surely' or 'indeed'. It combines these elements to form a stronger emphatic or adversative particle.

G4291

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-THOO-moo

Translations: to be willing, to be eager, to be ready, to be disposed, to be zealous

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be willing,' 'to be eager,' or 'to be ready.' It describes a state of mind where someone is disposed to do something with enthusiasm or readiness. It can be used to indicate a proactive and positive attitude towards an action or task.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, Second Person Singular OR Present, Middle/Passive, Imperative, Second Person Singular OR Present, Middle/Passive, Subjunctive, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΘΕΛΩ, ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΣΠΕΥΔΩ

Etymology: The verb προθυμέω (prothymeō) is derived from the adjective πρόθυμος (prothymos), meaning 'eager' or 'willing.' This adjective is a compound of πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward,' and θυμός (thymos), meaning 'spirit,' 'passion,' or 'mind.' Thus, it conveys the idea of having one's spirit or mind readily forward or inclined towards something.

G5618

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G3779

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OO-toh

Translations: thus, so, in this way, in like manner

Notes: This word is an adverb of manner, indicating how something is done or the way in which something occurs. It can also refer to the extent or degree of something. It is often used to introduce a consequence or a comparison, meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It is an older form of ΟΥΤΩΣ, and both forms are used interchangeably in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΩΣ, ΩΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos, 'this'). It indicates 'in this manner' or 'thus', referring back to something previously mentioned or implied.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-moy-BAS

Translations: recompense, return, requital, a recompense, a return, a requital

Notes: This word refers to a recompense, return, or requital, often implying a reciprocal action or payment for something given or done. It can be used in contexts of both positive and negative returns, such as a reward for good deeds or a punishment for bad ones.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙΔΟΣΙΣ, ἈΝΤΑΠΟΔΟΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἀμοιβή (amoibē) comes from the verb ἀμείβω (ameibō), meaning 'to change, exchange, requite'. It is related to the idea of reciprocal action or interchange.

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G2902, G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kra-TOON-ton-ba-see-LEFS

Translations: king of those ruling, king of those holding power, a king of those ruling, a king of those holding power

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΩΝ' (kratounton), which is the genitive plural of the present active participle of 'κρατέω' (krateō), meaning 'to rule' or 'to hold power', and 'ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ' (basileus), meaning 'king'. Therefore, the compound word refers to a 'king of those who rule' or a 'king of those holding power'. It describes a monarch who holds authority over other rulers or powerful individuals.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine (for ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ); Genitive, Plural, Masculine/Neuter (for ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΩΝ)

G0584

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-DEIKH-thay

Translations: he/she/it was shown, he/she/it was demonstrated, he/she/it was proven, he/she/it was appointed

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'ἀποδείκνυμι'. It means 'to be shown', 'to be demonstrated', 'to be proven', or 'to be appointed'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject was the recipient of the action of being shown or proven.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΕΊΚΝΥΜΙ, ΦΑΊΝΩ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΈΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποδείκνυμι is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb δείκνυμι (deiknymi), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out'.

G0949

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: beh-BAH-ee-os

Translations: firm, sure, steadfast, certain, secure, a firm, a sure

Notes: This adjective describes something that is firm, sure, or steadfast. It is used to indicate reliability, certainty, or security, often in the context of promises, hopes, or foundations. It can be used to describe something that is stable and not easily moved or changed.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΣΦΑΛΗΣ, ΠΙΣΤΟΣ, ΣΤΕΡΕΟΣ

Etymology: From the root of Greek βαινω (baino), meaning 'to go, to step', implying something that stands firm or is well-founded.

G4704

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: spoo-DAH-sin

Translations: to be diligent, to make haste, to strive, to endeavor, to be eager, to exert oneself

Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'spoudazo'. It means to be diligent, to make haste, or to exert oneself with eagerness. It implies a sense of urgency and earnest effort in accomplishing something. It can be used in sentences where one is encouraged or commanded to act with zeal.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΓΩ, ΣΠΕΥΔΩ, ΠΡΟΘΥΜΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'spoudazo' comes from 'spoude' (σπουδή), meaning 'haste, earnestness, zeal'. It is related to the idea of putting forth effort with eagerness.

G0846, G5316

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Verb

Sounds like: ah-TOO-ss-fah-NAY-nye

Translations: for them to appear, for them to be seen, for them to become visible

Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of the accusative masculine plural pronoun ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥΣ (autous), meaning 'them' or 'themselves', and the aorist passive infinitive ΦΑΝΗΝΑΙ (phanenai), meaning 'to appear' or 'to be seen'. Together, it means 'for them to appear' or 'for them to be seen'. This construction is often used in indirect statements where the accusative pronoun acts as the subject of the infinitive.

Inflection: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥΣ: Accusative, Plural, Masculine; ΦΑΝΗΝΑΙ: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G1271

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tays-dee-ah-NOY-ahs

Translations: of the mind, of the understanding, of the intellect, of the thought, of the intention

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'dianoia', which refers to the faculty of thinking, understanding, and intending. It encompasses the mind, intellect, and the act of thought or purpose. As a genitive case, it typically indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΝΟΥΣ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ, ΕΝΝΟΙΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek διά (dia, 'through') and νόος (noos, 'mind, intellect'). It refers to the process of thinking through something or the faculty by which one thinks.

G3173

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: meh-GAH-loys

Translations: to great, with great, by great, to large, with large, by large, to mighty, with mighty, by mighty

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'great', 'large', or 'mighty'. It is used to describe the size, importance, or power of nouns. In its dative plural form, as seen here, it indicates the indirect object or the means/instrument by which something is done, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'with', or 'by'. It can refer to both people and things.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΕΙΟΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G1940

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-koo-FEE-zane

Translations: to lighten, to relieve, to alleviate, to ease, to lessen

Notes: This word means to make something lighter, less burdensome, or easier to bear. It is often used in contexts where a burden, a tax, a suffering, or a load is being reduced or removed. It can describe the act of providing relief or making a situation less severe.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΟΥΦΙΖΩ, ἈΝΑΚΟΥΦΙΖΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epi, 'upon, in addition') and κουφίζω (kouphizō, 'to lighten, to make light').

G1520

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ice-fo-RAS

Translations: of contribution, of tax, of tribute, of offering, a contribution, a tax, a tribute, an offering

Notes: This word refers to a contribution, tax, or tribute, often in the sense of money or goods brought in or paid. It is a compound word formed from the preposition εἰς (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the noun φορά (phora), meaning 'a bringing' or 'a bearing'. It is used to describe payments or offerings made, often as a duty or obligation.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΟΡΟΣ, ΔΟΣΙΣ, ἈΠΑΡΧΗ

G0337

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-I-REIN

Translations: to take up, to take away, to destroy, to kill, to put to death

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana, 'up' or 'again') and the verb αἱρέω (haireō, 'to take' or 'to choose'). Depending on the context, it can mean to take up, to take away, to destroy, or to kill. It is often used in the sense of putting someone to death or causing destruction.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

Etymology: The verb ἀναιρέω is formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G5056, G5055

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: TEH-lee

Translations: ends, taxes, customs, outcomes, goals, fulfillments, rites, ceremonies, perfectings; finish, complete, pay, perform

Notes: The word ΤΕΛΗ can be an inflected form of the noun ΤΕΛΟΣ (telos), meaning 'end, goal, outcome, tax, or fulfillment'. In this case, it would be the nominative or accusative plural. It can also be an inflected form of the verb ΤΕΛΕΩ (teleō), meaning 'to finish, complete, pay, or perform'. In this case, it would be the second person singular present active imperative or the third person singular present active subjunctive.

Inflection: Noun: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter; Verb: Second Person Singular, Present, Active, Imperative; or Third Person Singular, Present, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΦΟΡΟΣ

G1909

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-NEV-seh

Translations: nodded assent, assented, agreed, approved

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to') and the verb νεύω (neuō, meaning 'to nod'). It means to nod in agreement or to give one's assent or approval. It describes an action of confirming or agreeing to something, often by a physical nod of the head, but also metaphorically to signify approval or consent.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΣΥΝΕΥΔΟΚΕΩ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΕΩ

G2092

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eh-TOY-mohs

Translations: readily, promptly, quickly, at hand, in readiness, prepared

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'readily' or 'promptly'. It describes an action that is done with ease, speed, or a state of preparedness. It can indicate that something is available or at hand, or that an action is performed without hesitation. For example, one might 'readily' obey a command or be 'prepared' for an event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΤΑΧΕΩΣ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ, ΠΑΡΑΧΡΗΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΕΤΟΙΜΩΣ is derived from the adjective ΕΤΟΙΜΟΣ (hetoimos), meaning 'ready' or 'prepared'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the concept of being 'at hand' or 'in order'.

G2323

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: theh-rah-PEH-oon

Translations: healing, serving, worshipping, attending to, caring for, one who heals, one who serves

Notes: This word is a present active participle, indicating an ongoing action. It means to heal, to serve, to worship, or to attend to someone or something. It describes the person or thing performing the action of healing, serving, or caring. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the one healing' or 'he who serves'.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΙΑΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ

G1899

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEY-tah

Translations: then, afterward, next, after that, thereupon

Notes: This word is a temporal adverb meaning 'then' or 'afterward'. It is used to indicate a sequence of events, showing that one action or state follows another in time. It can introduce the next step in a narrative or a logical progression.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΠΕΙ, ἘΠΕΙΔΗ, ἘΠΙΤΟ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, after') and the particle εἶτα (eita, 'then, next'). It signifies a temporal sequence, indicating what comes after something else.

G2165

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-OH-khee-ah

Translations: feast, a feast, banquet, merrymaking

Notes: This word refers to a feast, banquet, or a time of merrymaking and celebration. It implies a gathering where people enjoy food, drink, and festivities. It is often used in contexts describing joyful occasions or communal meals.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΠΝΟΝ, ΣΥΜΠΟΣΙΟΝ, ΕΥ̓ΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek εὐωχία (euōkhía, “feasting, good cheer”), from εὐωχέω (euōkhéō, “to feast well”), from εὖ (eû, “well”) + ἔχω (ékhō, “to have, to hold”).

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1181, G0001

Part of Speech: Adverbial Participle

Sounds like: day-lee-nah-THROY-sthen-tes

Translations: having gathered in the evening, having assembled at dusk, gathered at evening

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ΔΕΙΛΗ' (deilē), meaning 'evening' or 'afternoon', and 'ἈΘΡΟΙΣΘΕΝΤΕΣ' (athroisthentes), which is the aorist passive participle of 'ἀθροίζω' (athroizō), meaning 'to gather' or 'to assemble'. The compound word describes a group of people who have gathered or assembled specifically in the evening or at dusk. It functions adverbially, indicating the time and manner of an action.

Inflection: Compound word, Aorist Passive Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G3509

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: neh-oh-teh-RIH-zayn

Translations: to innovate, to make innovations, to revolt, to make a revolution, to introduce new things, to stir up trouble

Notes: This word describes the act of introducing new things, often with the connotation of making changes that are radical or revolutionary. It can imply stirring up trouble or attempting to overthrow an existing order. It is used to describe actions that are novel or disruptive.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΤΟΜΕΩ, ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΝΕΩΤΕΡΙΖΩ comes from the Greek word ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ (neōteros), meaning 'newer' or 'younger', which is the comparative form of ΝΕΟΣ (neos), meaning 'new' or 'young'. Thus, it literally means 'to act like a younger person' or 'to do something new'.

G4264

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pro-ay-ray-MEH-non

Translations: of those who have chosen beforehand, of those who have preferred, of those who have decided upon, of those who have purposed

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle, genitive plural, of the verb προαιρέω (prohaireō). It describes a state of having been chosen, preferred, or decided upon in advance. It often refers to people who have made a prior choice or purpose, functioning adjectivally or substantively (as a noun) to describe 'those who have chosen' or 'those who have purposed'.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΓΝΩΣΜΕΝΩΝ, ΠΡΟΟΡΙΣΘΕΝΤΩΝ

G0756, G2398

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective

Sounds like: Heer-XAN-toh-ee-DEE-oo

Translations: they began their own, they began their private, they began their peculiar

Notes: This appears to be a compound word or a concatenation of two separate words: ἨΡΞΑΝΤΟ (ērksanto) and ἸΔΙΟΥ (idiou). ἨΡΞΑΝΤΟ is the aorist middle indicative 3rd person plural of the verb ἀρχομαι (archomai), meaning 'they began' or 'they started'. ἸΔΙΟΥ is the genitive singular masculine or neuter of the adjective ἴδιος (idios), meaning 'one's own', 'private', or 'peculiar'. Therefore, the combined phrase would mean 'they began their own' or 'they began their private/peculiar [something]'. It is likely that these two words were written together without a space in the original text.

Inflection: ἨΡΞΑΝΤΟ: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural; ἸΔΙΟΥ: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

G3753

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OH-teh

Translations: when, whenever, at which time

Notes: This word functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, indicating a point or period in time. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies when an action occurs or occurred, similar to 'when' or 'whenever' in English. It can refer to a specific past event or a general, recurring condition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΗΝΙΚΑ, ΟΠΟΤΕ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the particle 'te' (then, at that time). It originally meant 'at that time when'.

G2839

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: KOY-non

Translations: common, shared, public, a common thing, the common thing, a community, the community

Notes: This word refers to something that is common, shared, or public. As an adjective, it describes something belonging to or used by all. As a neuter noun, it can refer to a common thing, a public matter, or even a community or commonwealth.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΗΜΟΣΙΟΣ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom-yos, meaning 'common, shared'. It is related to the idea of 'togetherness' or 'fellowship'.

G3973

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-PAH-too

Translations: it had ceased, it had stopped, it had rested, they had ceased, they had stopped, they had rested

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'παύω' (pauō), meaning 'to cease,' 'to stop,' or 'to rest.' It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose result continued into a later past time. It can be used to indicate that something or someone had come to a halt or had finished an activity.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular or Plural, Pluperfect, Middle or Passive Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΩ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΩ, ΛΗΓΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: KHRY-soo-NAH-eh-ton

Translations: unknown

Notes: This word appears to be a compound word, but its exact meaning and components are highly uncertain. The first part, 'ΧΡΥΣΟΥ', strongly suggests a connection to 'χρυσός' (chrysos), meaning 'gold' or 'golden'. The second part, 'ΝἈΕΤΟΝ', is problematic. It could potentially be related to 'ναίω' (naiō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit', or 'ναός' (naos), meaning 'temple'. However, the combination 'ΧΡΥΣΟΥΝἈΕΤΟΝ' does not correspond to any known Koine Greek word or common compound. The presence of the coronis (̓) indicates an elision, meaning it's likely a combination of two words where the first word ended in a vowel that was dropped before the second word. Given the unusual form and lack of a clear meaning in Koine Greek lexicons, it is highly probable that this is a garbled word, a misspelling, or a very rare and obscure formation. It's not clear what this word means.

Inflection: Unknown

G3485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NAH-oo

Translations: of a temple, of the temple, to a temple, to the temple, temples

Notes: This word refers to a temple or a sanctuary, specifically the inner part of a temple where the deity was worshipped. It can also refer to the entire sacred edifice. In the provided examples, it appears in the genitive singular (of the temple) and the nominative/accusative plural (temples).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive or Dative; or Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΕΩΣ

Etymology: The word ΝΑΟΣ (naos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It refers to a dwelling place, particularly of a god.

G3997

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PEN-thoss

Translations: mourning, a mourning, grief, sorrow, lamentation

Notes: This word refers to a state of deep sorrow, grief, or lamentation, often expressed outwardly through weeping or other signs of distress. It is commonly used to describe the emotional response to death, loss, or disaster.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΘΡΗΝΟΣ, ΚΟΠΕΤΟΣ, ΛΥΠΗ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb πάσχω (paschō), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to experience'.

G5288

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: hoo-pes-tal-MEH-non

Translations: drawn back, withdrawn, held back, concealed, hidden, kept back, a thing drawn back, a thing held back

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle (neuter singular) of the verb ὙΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ. It describes something that has been drawn back, withdrawn, or held back. It can also imply something that is concealed or hidden. In a sentence, it would modify a neuter noun, describing its state of being held back or hidden.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΡΥΠΤΩ, ΑΠΟΚΡΥΠΤΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΤΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The verb ὙΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ὙΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'from under', and the verb ΣΤΕΛΛΩ (stello), meaning 'to set', 'to arrange', or 'to send'. Together, they convey the idea of drawing something back or under, hence 'to withdraw' or 'to hold back'.

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1289

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: dee-ah-PRYOO-see-oy

Translations: loud, piercing, shrill, very clear, distinct

Notes: This word describes something that is very loud, piercing, or shrill, often referring to sounds like cries or shouts. It can also mean very clear or distinct. It is used to emphasize the intensity or clarity of a sound or a statement.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΣ, ΟΞΥΣ, ΛΑΜΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: From διά (dia), meaning 'through', and πρύσιος (pryssios), meaning 'clear' or 'loud'. It implies a sound that penetrates or goes through clearly.

G2355

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THRAY-nos

Translations: lament, wailing, mourning, a lament, a wailing, a mourning

Notes: This word refers to a lamentation, wailing, or mourning, typically expressed through songs, cries, or other outward displays of grief. It is often associated with funerals, times of great sorrow, or public expressions of distress.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΕΝΘΟΣ, ΚΟΠΕΤΟΣ

Etymology: From an imitative root, possibly related to the sound of wailing. It is connected to the verb θρηνέω (thrēneō), meaning 'to lament' or 'to wail'.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eng-keh-LEH-oo-stoss

Translations: commanded, ordered, urged, incited

Notes: This word describes something that is commanded, ordered, or urged by someone. It implies an action or state that is not spontaneous but rather initiated or prompted by an external authority or influence. For example, a 'commanded lament' would be a lament that was ordered or incited, rather than one that arose naturally.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ἐγκελευστός' is derived from the verb 'ἐγκελεύω' (enkeleuō), meaning 'to command, to urge on, to incite'. It is formed with the prefix 'ἐν-' (en-), meaning 'in' or 'on', and 'κελεύω' (keleuō), meaning 'to command' or 'to urge'.

G2870

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: koh-pe-TOI

Translations: lamentation, wailing, mourning

Notes: This word refers to a loud expression of grief, typically involving beating one's breast or head, often accompanied by wailing or crying. It describes a public and demonstrative display of sorrow, common in ancient mourning rituals.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΜΩΓΗ, ΘΡΗΝΟΣ, ΠΕΝΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΟΠΕΤΟΣ (kopetos) derives from the verb κόπτω (koptō), meaning 'to strike' or 'to beat'. It refers to the act of beating one's breast or head as a sign of extreme grief.

G4029

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peh-ree-ee-KHOON-tes

Translations: sounding around, resounding, echoing, those sounding around, those resounding

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb περιηχέω (periēcheō), meaning 'to sound around' or 'to resound'. It is a compound word formed from περί (peri), meaning 'around', and ἠχέω (ēcheō), meaning 'to sound' or 'to echo'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing and can function adjectivally or substantively, often translated as 'sounding around' or 'those who are sounding around'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΗΧΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΒΟΩΝΤΕΣ, ΚΡΟΤΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G5346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PHAS-kon

Translations: they were saying, they said, they used to say, they affirmed

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing, repeated, or customary action in the past. Thus, it describes an action that was happening continuously or habitually in the past, such as 'they were continually saying' or 'they used to say'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕἸΠΩΝ

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER-tohn

Translations: of, for, on behalf of, above, beyond, over, concerning, instead of, more than

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the preposition 'ὑπέρ' (hyper), meaning 'over, above, beyond, on behalf of, for the sake of, concerning, or instead of'. When used with the genitive case, as it is here, it typically means 'on behalf of', 'for', 'concerning', or 'over/above' (in a spatial or superior sense). The '-των' ending indicates that it is modifying a plural noun in the genitive case, implying 'of the ones' or 'for the ones'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΕΠΙ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-POL-les-thai

Translations: to perish, to be destroyed, to be lost, to be ruined

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive of the verb 'παραπόλλυμι' (parapollymi). It means 'to perish' or 'to be utterly destroyed'. It describes a state of complete ruin or loss, often implying a deviation from a proper or safe course leading to destruction. It can be used in contexts where something is lost or ruined beyond recovery.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΦΘΕΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word 'παραπόλλυμι' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside, alongside, by', and the verb 'ἀπόλλυμι' (apollymi), meaning 'to destroy, to lose'. The prefix 'παρά' intensifies the meaning of destruction or loss, often implying a deviation or falling away that leads to ruin.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G0327

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-eh-BO-ohn

Translations: they cried out, they shouted, they exclaimed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to cry out' or 'to shout aloud'. It is often used to describe a loud, emphatic vocalization, such as a shout of alarm, a cry for help, or a declaration made with strong emotion. It implies a sudden and forceful utterance, often in response to a situation or to gain attention. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀνά' (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and 'βοάω' (boao), meaning 'to cry out'.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΒΟΑΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: OOF

Translations: under, by, with, from, at the hand of, by means of, through

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'by'. The final vowel of 'ΥΠΟ' is dropped when the following word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. It indicates a position beneath something, or agency (by means of someone/something), or cause. It can also denote the instrument or agent by which something is done. It is a very common preposition in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect; governs the genitive and accusative cases.

Etymology: The word 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'under'. It is related to English words like 'hypodermic' and 'hypothermia'.

G5091

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: teh-tee-MEE-meh-NOHN

Translations: of those honored, of those esteemed, of those valued, of those priced

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been honored' or 'having been esteemed'. It describes someone or something that has received honor or value. In the genitive plural, it often refers to 'those who have been honored' or 'of the things that have been valued'. It functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating a state of having been honored or valued.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΙΜΩΝ, ΕΝΔΟΞΩΝ

G5534

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHRAY-nahy

Translations: it is necessary, it is proper, ought, must, to be necessary, to be proper

Notes: This is an impersonal verb, meaning 'it is necessary' or 'it is proper'. It is often used with an accusative and infinitive construction, indicating that something must or ought to be done by someone. For example, 'it is necessary for him to go'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΙ, ΟΦΕΙΛΩ

Etymology: The word comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- meaning 'to desire, to want'. In Greek, it developed into a verb expressing necessity or obligation.

G2532, G4412

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: kahee-PRO-ton

Translations: and first, and firstly, and foremost, and above all

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction/adverb 'καί' (kai), meaning 'and, also, even', and the adverb 'πρῶτον' (prōton), meaning 'first, at first, foremost'. Together, 'καιπρῶτον' means 'and first' or 'and firstly', indicating something that is the initial or most important point in a sequence or argument. It is used to introduce the primary or most significant item in a list or discussion.

Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial form)

Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΑ, ΠΡΩΤΩΣ

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-noo

Translations: of that, of that one, of him, of it, that one's, his

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ', meaning 'that' or 'that one'. In the genitive case, it indicates possession or origin, translating to 'of that', 'of that one', 'of him', or 'of it'. It can refer to a person or thing previously mentioned or understood from context, distinguishing it from something closer or more immediate.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ' is derived from the demonstrative particle 'ἘΚΕῖ' (there), indicating distance. It points to something or someone far off or distinct from the speaker and listener.

G2525

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-stah-THEN-tah

Translations: appointed, established, set over, placed, those appointed, those established

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'καθίστημι' (kathistēmi), meaning 'to appoint, establish, or set over'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that has been appointed or established. It often refers to individuals who have been put in charge or given a specific role.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΔΙΟΡΙΣΘΕΝΤΑΣ, ΧΕΙΡΟΤΟΝΗΘΕΝΤΑΣ

G3973

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PAH-oo-ayn

Translations: to stop, to cease, to restrain, to put an end to

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'παύω'. It means 'to stop' or 'to cease' an action, or 'to cause something to stop'. It can be used transitively, meaning to stop something else, or intransitively, meaning to stop oneself. For example, one might use it to say 'to stop fighting' or 'to cease from work'.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΩ, ΛΗΓΩ, ΚΩΛΥΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- ('to strike, to cut, to hew'). In Greek, it developed the meaning of causing something to stop or cease.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-REH-ah

Translations: high priest, a high priest

Notes: This word refers to a high priest, the chief religious official in ancient Israel. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀρχή' (arche), meaning 'chief' or 'first', and 'ἱερεύς' (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It is used to denote the head of the priestly order.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The word ἈΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣ is a compound of two Greek words: ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'beginning, rule, chief', and ἱερεύς (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It literally means 'chief priest' or 'first priest'.

G4337, G1063

Part of Speech: Verb, Conjunction

Sounds like: pros-EE-kane gar

Translations: it is proper, it is fitting, it is suitable, it is right, for, because

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the verb προσήκω (prosēkō) and the postpositive particle γάρ (gar). The verb προσήκω means 'to be proper, fitting, or suitable'. The particle γάρ means 'for' or 'because' and provides an explanation or reason for the preceding statement. Together, 'προσήκειν γάρ' means 'for it is proper' or 'because it is fitting'. It is used to introduce a reason why something is appropriate or necessary.

Inflection: Infinitive (προσήκειν), Does not inflect (γάρ)

Synonyms: ΔΕΙ, ΧΡΗ, ΕΠΙΤΗΔΕΙΟΣ

G2152

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-seh-BES-teh-ron

Translations: more pious, more devout, more religious, a more pious thing

Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'ΕΥ̓ΣΕΒΗΣ' (eusebēs), meaning 'pious' or 'devout'. Therefore, 'ΕΥ̓ΣΕΒΕΣΤΕΡΟΝ' means 'more pious' or 'more devout'. It describes something or someone as having a greater degree of reverence, godliness, or respect for religious duties than others. It can be used to compare the piety of different individuals or groups.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Comparative

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΛΑΒΕΣΤΕΡΟΝ, ΘΡΗΣΚΕΥΤΙΚΩΤΕΡΟΝ

G00138

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hai-REH-sthai

Translations: to choose, to take, to prefer, to pick up, to lift up, to carry away, to remove, to destroy, to be chosen, to be taken, to choose for oneself

Notes: This is the present middle or passive infinitive form of the verb 'αἱρέω' (haireō). In the middle voice, it means 'to choose for oneself' or 'to prefer'. In the passive voice, it means 'to be chosen' or 'to be taken'. It can also mean 'to take up', 'to lift', 'to carry away', or 'to destroy' depending on the context and voice.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΕΚΛΕΓΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΑΙΡΩ

G2513

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: kah-thah-ROH-teh-ron

Translations: cleaner, purer, more clean, more pure

Notes: This word is a comparative adjective, meaning 'cleaner' or 'purer'. It describes something that possesses a higher degree of cleanliness or purity compared to something else. It can be used to describe physical cleanliness, moral purity, or ritual cleanness, depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Comparative Degree

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΕΙΛΙΚΡΙΝΕΣΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: From ΚΑΘΑΡΟΣ (katharos), meaning 'clean, pure'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is related to the verb καθαίρω (kathairō), 'to cleanse'.

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G3947

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-ox-YOO-neh-toh

Translations: was provoked, was exasperated, was incited, was stirred up, was embittered

Notes: This word describes a state of being provoked, exasperated, or incited to anger or strong emotion. It is often used to convey a sense of irritation or a stirring up of feelings, particularly negative ones. It is a compound word formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'beyond', and ὀξύνω (oxynō), meaning 'to sharpen' or 'to incite'.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΕΘΙΖΩ, ΠΑΡΟΡΓΙΖΩ, ΕΚΚΑΙΩ

G1907

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEH-kheh

Translations: held, was holding, restrained, was restraining, occupied, was occupying, applied, was applying, paid attention, was paying attention, continued, was continuing

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to hold, restrain, occupy, or apply. It can also mean to pay attention or to continue. It is often used to describe holding back or occupying a place or time. In some contexts, it can imply a continuous action or state.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ, ΚΩΛΥΩ

G1841

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EX-oh-don

Translations: exit, an exit, departure, a departure, exodus, an exodus, way out, a way out

Notes: This word refers to a going out, a departure, or an exit. It can be used for a physical exit from a place, or metaphorically for a departure from life, such as death. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐκ' (out of) and 'ὁδός' (way, road).

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΗΜΙΑ, ΕΚΒΑΣΙΣ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΞΟΔΟΣ is a compound of the preposition 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the noun 'ὁδός' (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road'. It literally means 'a way out' or 'a going out'.

G1202

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: deh-DOI-kōs

Translations: having feared, being afraid, fearing

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, indicating a state of having feared or being afraid. It describes someone who has already experienced fear and is now in a state of fear or apprehension. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can be translated as 'the one who has feared' or 'being afraid'.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΤΡΕΜΩΝ

Etymology: The verb ΔΕΙΔΩ (deidō) is an ancient Greek verb meaning 'to fear'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *dwei- meaning 'to fear, to be afraid'.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G4218

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PO-teh

Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.

G4128, G1656

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: PLEH-thos ek-po-le-MO-sas

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, a great number, having made hostile, having made an enemy of, having made war upon

Notes: This appears to be two Koine Greek words, 'ΠΛΗΘΟΣ' and 'ἘΚΠΟΛΕΜΩΣΑΣ', concatenated without a space. 'ΠΛΗΘΟΣ' is a noun meaning 'multitude' or 'crowd'. 'ἘΚΠΟΛΕΜΩΣΑΣ' is an aorist active participle of the verb 'ἐκπολεμόω', meaning 'to make hostile' or 'to make an enemy of'. Therefore, the combined phrase would refer to a 'multitude having been made hostile' or 'a crowd that has been made an enemy'.

Inflection: ΠΛΗΘΟΣ: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter. ἘΚΠΟΛΕΜΩΣΑΣ: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle.

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ

G2722

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-skhe-THEH-een

Translations: might be held back, might be restrained, might be possessed, might be occupied

Notes: This word is a form of the verb meaning 'to hold back, restrain, possess, or occupy'. As an optative mood verb, it expresses a wish, a potential, or a hypothetical situation. In this passive form, it indicates that the subject is the one being held back or possessed by something else.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Optative

Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΩ, ΕΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΕΧΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΕΧΩ (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'.

G1352

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: DEE-oh

Translations: therefore, wherefore, for this reason, on account of which

Notes: This is a compound conjunction formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'. It is used to introduce a consequence or conclusion, indicating that what follows is a result of what has just been stated. It functions similarly to 'therefore' or 'for this reason' in English.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'.

G3982

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: PEI-thoi

Translations: persuasion, a persuasion, obedience, a belief, to persuade, to obey, to trust

Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'persuasion' or 'obedience', or as an inflected form of the verb 'to persuade' or 'to obey'. As a noun, it refers to the act or state of being persuaded or obeying. As a verb, it describes the action of convincing someone or complying with a command. In the provided form, it is most likely a dative singular noun meaning 'to persuasion' or 'by persuasion', or a verb form meaning 'they were persuaded' or 'they obeyed'.

Inflection: Dative, Singular, Feminine (as a noun); or Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Active (as a verb)

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΙΣ, ΥΠΑΚΟΗ, ΠΕΙΘΩ

G3123

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G979, G2702

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: bee-ah-kah-tah-STEL-lin

Translations: to suppress by force, to restrain by force, to put down by force

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'βία' (force, violence) and 'καταστέλλω' (to restrain, to suppress). It means to suppress or put down something using force or violence. It describes an action where an opposing force or uprising is brought under control through the application of power.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΤΕΛΛΕΙΝ, ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΕΙΝ, ΚΑΤΑΔΟΥΛΟΥΣΘΑΙ

G3985

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEI-rah-toh

Translations: he was trying, he was attempting, he was testing, he tried, he attempted, he tested

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to try', 'to attempt', or 'to test'. It describes an action of making an effort to do something or to ascertain the nature or quality of something or someone. It can be used in contexts where someone is making an earnest effort or putting something to the test.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ, ΠΕΙΡΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ (peirazō) comes from the noun ΠΕΙΡΑ (peira), meaning 'a trial' or 'an attempt'.

G3500

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: neh-oh-teh-REE-zon-tas

Translations: those who innovate, those who revolt, those who make changes, those who cause revolution

Notes: This word describes those who are making innovations or changes, often with a negative connotation implying revolution, rebellion, or causing trouble. It refers to people who are introducing new things or stirring up unrest. It is used here as a substantive participle, meaning 'the ones who are innovating/revolting'.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΤΑΣΙΑΖΟΝΤΑΣ, ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΟΥΝΤΑΣ

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: hoo-po-PEM-psas

Translations: having sent under, having sent secretly, having dispatched, having sent forth

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'ὑποπέμπω' (hypopempō). It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'secretly', and 'πέμπω' (pempō), meaning 'to send'. Therefore, it generally means 'to send under' or 'to send secretly'. It can refer to dispatching someone or something covertly, or sending someone as an agent or emissary, often with an underlying purpose.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ὑποπέμπω' (hypopempō) is a compound of the preposition 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under, by, secretly', and the verb 'πέμπω' (pempō), meaning 'to send, dispatch'. Both components are ancient Greek words.

G3870

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-reh-KAH-lei

Translations: he was calling alongside, he was exhorting, he was comforting, he was urging, he was appealing, he was entreating

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb παρακαλέω (parakaleō). It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It means to call someone to one's side, to summon, to invite, to encourage, to exhort, to comfort, to console, to appeal to, or to entreat.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΛΗΤΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G3928

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: par-el-THON-tah

Translations: having gone by, having passed by, having passed away, having come, having gone, having arrived, past, the past

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παρέρχομαι' (parerchomai), meaning 'to pass by' or 'to go by'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It can refer to something that has passed, gone by, or arrived. In some contexts, especially when used substantively (e.g., 'τα παρελθόντα'), it can refer to 'the past' or 'things that have happened'. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para, beside, by) and 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai, to come, to go).

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter or Accusative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΕΛΘΟΝΤΑ, ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑ, ΕΛΘΟΝΤΑ

G4250

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: PRIN

Translations: before, sooner, until, ere

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a conjunction, indicating a point in time prior to another event or action. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'sooner'. As a conjunction, it means 'before' or 'until', often introducing a clause that describes an event that has not yet happened. It is frequently used with an infinitive or a subjunctive verb.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (forward, through). It is related to the preposition πρό (pro, before).

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G0575

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-ay-LAU-non

Translations: they were driving away, they were expelling, they were banishing

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἐλαύνω (elaunō), meaning 'to drive' or 'to push'. In its inflected form, it means 'they were driving away' or 'they were expelling'. It describes an action of forcing someone or something to move away from a place or situation.

Inflection: Imperfect Active Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΞΕΛΑΥΝΩ

G4716

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stah-see-as-TAI

Translations: rebels, insurgents, rioters, revolutionaries

Notes: This word refers to individuals who engage in rebellion, sedition, or civil strife. It describes people who are involved in an uprising or a violent disturbance against authority or the established order. It is used to denote those who cause division or factionalism.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΑΙ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΑΙ, ΤΑΡΑΧΟΠΟΙΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ (stasiastēs) is derived from the Greek word ΣΤΑΣΙΣ (stasis), meaning 'a standing, a party, a faction, sedition, rebellion'. It refers to someone who takes a stand or forms a faction, often in opposition to authority.

G4992

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soh-froh-nis-MOH

Translations: to discipline, to admonish, to correct, to bring to one's senses, to self-control, to sound judgment

Notes: This word refers to the act of bringing someone to their senses, to a state of self-control, or to sound judgment. It implies a process of discipline, correction, or admonition aimed at restoring a person to a proper state of mind or behavior. It can be used in contexts where someone is being taught or guided towards prudence and moderation.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΝΟΥΘΕΣΙΑ, ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑ, ΕΠΙΤΙΜΗΣΙΣ

G4314

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ee-ON-tas

Translations: those coming to, those approaching, those going to, those entering

Notes: This word is a present active participle, masculine plural, accusative case, derived from the verb 'πρόσειμι' (proseimi). It describes individuals who are in the process of coming towards, approaching, or going to a particular place or person. It is often used to refer to people who are drawing near or entering a specific area.

Inflection: Participle, Present, Active, Masculine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΠΑΡΟΝΤΑΣ, ΕΙΣΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ

G3709

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: or-GAYN

Translations: wrath, anger, indignation, punishment, a wrath, an anger

Notes: This word refers to a strong, passionate emotion, often intense anger or indignation. It can describe human anger, but is frequently used in a theological context to refer to God's righteous anger or divine judgment, which often leads to punishment. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΣ, ΠΑΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΡΓΗ (orgē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *werg-, meaning 'to work' or 'to do'. It originally referred to an impulse or natural disposition, which then evolved to mean a strong emotion or passion, and eventually anger or wrath.

G1213

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective

Sounds like: DAY-loy

Translations: shows, makes clear, reveals, manifests, declares, makes known, evident, clear, manifest

Notes: This word can function as a verb meaning 'to show, make clear, or reveal,' or as an adjective meaning 'clear, evident, or manifest.' As a verb, it describes the act of making something known or visible. As an adjective, it describes something that is already apparent or easily understood.

Inflection: Verb: Present, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular; Adjective: Nominative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine; or Nominative/Accusative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ

G2270

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-reh-MEH-son-tes

Translations: will be quiet, will be still, will rest, will be at peace

Notes: This word is a future active participle, indicating an action that will happen in the future. It describes someone or something that will be quiet, still, or at rest. It is often used to describe a state of tranquility or cessation of activity. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb in a sentence.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Future, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΗΣΥΧΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΩ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΩ

Etymology: The verb ἠρεμέω (ēremeō) comes from the adjective ἤρεμος (ēremos), meaning 'quiet, still, tranquil'.

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thooss

Translations: of a multitude, of a crowd, of a great number, of a throng, of a quantity, of a great amount, of a fullness, of a great company

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things, a multitude, or a crowd. It can also denote a great amount or fullness. It is used to describe a large gathering of people or a significant quantity of something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΜΑ

Etymology: From the root *pleth-, related to the idea of being full or abundant. It is connected to the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁- meaning 'to fill'.

G1949

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-lah-BOY-n-toh

Translations: they might take hold of, they might seize, they might lay hold of, they might help, they might assist

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to take hold of, seize, or lay hold of something or someone. It can also mean to help or assist. It is often used in the middle voice to mean 'to take hold of for oneself' or 'to take part in'. In the context of the example, it suggests an action of seizing or taking control.

Inflection: Aorist, Optative, Middle Voice, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἐπιλαμβάνω (epilambanō) is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'.

G0001

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ah-ZOO-mon

Translations: of unleavened (things), of unleavened bread, of the Feast of Unleavened Bread

Notes: This word refers to something that is unleavened, meaning it has not been raised with yeast or leaven. It is commonly used in the context of bread, specifically unleavened bread, which is flat and crisp. In a broader sense, it can refer to the Jewish Feast of Unleavened Bread (Passover), during which only unleavened bread is consumed. It is an adjective that is often used substantively as a noun.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΖΥΜΑ

Etymology: The word ἄζυμος (azymos) is a compound word formed from the privative prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and ζύμη (zymē), meaning 'leaven' or 'yeast'. Thus, it literally means 'without leaven'.

G1763

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: en-STA-sees

Translations: occurrence, presence, a presence, a standing in, an onset, an attack, an objection, an opposition

Notes: This word refers to the act of standing in or being present, often implying an occurrence or the arrival of something. It can also denote an onset or attack, or more abstractly, an objection or opposition. In the provided context, it seems to refer to the 'occurrence' or 'arrival' of a festival.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑ, ΓΕΝΕΣΙΣ, ΕΠΙΒΟΛΗ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΣΤΑΣΙΣ (enstasis) comes from the prefix ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'at', and the noun στάσις (stasis), meaning 'a standing' or 'a state'. Thus, it literally means 'a standing in' or 'a state of being in'.

G3957

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: PAS-kha

Translations: Passover

Notes: This word refers to the Jewish festival of Passover, which commemorates the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in ancient Egypt. It is a central event in the Old Testament and is observed annually. In the New Testament, it is often associated with the sacrifice of Jesus Christ.

Inflection: Does not inflect (indeclinable)

Etymology: The word "ΠΑΣΧΑ" is a transliteration of the Aramaic word "pasḥā" (פַּסְחָא), which itself comes from the Hebrew word "pesaḥ" (פֶּסַח). This Hebrew word is derived from the verb "pasach" (פָּסַח), meaning "to pass over" or "to spare," referring to the angel of death passing over the houses of the Israelites during the tenth plague in Egypt.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-LEE-tai

Translations: is called, is named, is invited

Notes: This word is the third person singular, present, passive indicative form of the verb 'to call' or 'to name'. It is used to indicate that someone or something is referred to by a particular name or title, or that they are summoned or invited. For example, 'He is called John' or 'It is named Jerusalem'.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to shout, to call'. It is related to Latin 'calare' (to call out) and English 'hail'.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loo

Translations: much, many, great, greatly, often, a lot

Notes: This word is commonly used to indicate a large quantity, degree, or frequency. As an adverb, it means 'much,' 'greatly,' or 'often,' modifying verbs or adjectives. As an adjective, it means 'much' (for singular nouns) or 'many' (for plural nouns), describing the quantity of something. It can also mean 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΛΑ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is a very common word across various Indo-European languages.

G1551

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ek-DEH-kho-meh-nee

Translations: expecting, waiting for, looking for, receiving, a receiving, an expecting

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ekdechomai', meaning 'to expect' or 'to wait for'. It describes an action of anticipating or looking forward to something. It can also imply receiving something that is expected. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to show an ongoing action of expectation or reception.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΩ, ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'ekdechomai' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ek' (meaning 'out of' or 'from') and the verb 'dechomai' (meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'). Together, they convey the idea of receiving something that comes out of or from a certain source, or waiting for something to come forth.

G5561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHO-ras

Translations: of a country, of a region, of a land, of a place, of the country, of the region, of the land, of the place, countries, regions, lands, places

Notes: This word refers to a country, region, land, or place. It is often used to denote a specific geographical area or territory. In its genitive singular form, it indicates possession or origin, such as 'of a country' or 'from a region'. It can also function as the nominative or accusative plural, meaning 'countries' or 'regions'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΓΗ

G0550

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PEH-ee-ros

Translations: inexperienced, ignorant, unacquainted, without experience, unversed, boundless, infinite

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'inexperienced' or 'ignorant' of something. It is often used with the genitive case to indicate what one is inexperienced in or unacquainted with. It can also mean 'boundless' or 'infinite'. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'πεῖρα' (peira, meaning 'trial', 'experience', or 'attempt').

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΩΣΤΟΣ, ΑΜΑΘΗΣ, ΑΠΕΙΡΑΚΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΠΕΙΡΟΣ is derived from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-, 'not', 'without') and the noun πεῖρα (peira, 'trial', 'experience', 'attempt'). Thus, it literally means 'without experience' or 'untried'.

G1909, G3588

Part of Speech: Preposition, Article

Sounds like: eh-pee-TEN

Translations: upon the, to the, against the, for the, at the, on the

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi) and the feminine singular accusative definite article 'τήν' (tēn). It indicates direction towards, location upon, or purpose for something. Its meaning can vary depending on the context, often signifying 'upon', 'to', 'against', 'for', or 'at' when followed by an accusative noun.

Inflection: Preposition (does not inflect), Article (Singular, Accusative, Feminine)

Etymology: The preposition ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. The article ΤΗΝ (tēn) is from Proto-Indo-European *so-, *seh₂-, *tod-, which are demonstrative pronouns.

G4680

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: so-fis-TAS

Translations: sophist, a sophist, wise man, a wise man, expert, an expert

Notes: This word refers to a sophist, a wise man, or an expert. In ancient Greece, sophists were teachers of rhetoric and philosophy, often associated with clever but sometimes deceptive arguments. It can be used to describe someone skilled in a particular art or knowledge.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΟΦΟΣ, ΕΜΠΕΙΡΟΣ, ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word originates from the Greek word σοφός (sophos), meaning 'wise' or 'clever'. It developed to refer to a master of one's craft or a teacher of wisdom.

G3996

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pen-THOO-n-tes

Translations: mourning, lamenting, grieving, those who mourn, while mourning

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'πενθέω' (pentheō), meaning 'to mourn' or 'to lament'. It describes someone who is currently in a state of grief or sorrow. It can be used to describe people who are mourning, or to indicate an action of mourning that is happening concurrently with another action.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΛΑΙΟΝΤΕΣ, ὈΔΥΡΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΘΡΗΝΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G2413, G2411

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-ROH

Translations: holy, sacred, temple, a temple, sacred place, a sacred place, (to) a temple, (to) a sacred place

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'holy' or 'sacred', or as a noun meaning 'temple' or 'sacred place'. When used as a noun, it refers to a sacred building or area, often specifically the Temple in Jerusalem. As an adjective, it describes something set apart for God or dedicated to religious purposes. In the provided form, it is in the dative case, indicating 'to' or 'for' a holy thing or place.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἱερός (hieros) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to sacrifice, to consecrate'. It is related to words signifying 'sacred' or 'holy' in various Indo-European languages.

G4921

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eis-TEE-kay-san

Translations: they had been composed, they had been formed, they had been constituted, they had been made up

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (together with) and the verb ΙΣΤΗΜΙ (to stand, to set). In this form, it means 'to be composed of', 'to be formed by', or 'to consist of'. It describes something that is made up of various parts or elements. For example, a building might be composed of stones, or a group might be formed by individuals.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Pluperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1167

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: DEE-sas

Translations: having feared, fearing, being afraid

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'δείδω' (deidō), meaning 'to fear' or 'to be afraid'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that occurred prior to the main verb. It indicates that the subject has completed the action of fearing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΗΘΕΙΣ, ΕΥΛΑΒΗΘΕΙΣ

Etymology: The verb 'δείδω' (deidō) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to be afraid' or 'to flee'. It is related to words signifying dread or flight.

G0745

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ar-KHEH-lah-oss

Translations: Archelaus

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a garbled form of the proper noun 'Archelaus' (Ἀρχέλαος). The suffix '-ΠΡΙΝ' is not a standard Koine Greek ending or word part. Archelaus was a common name in antiquity, notably borne by a son of Herod the Great who ruled as ethnarch of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea. It is used to refer to this specific individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The name Archelaus is of Greek origin, derived from the elements 'ἀρχός' (archos), meaning 'ruler' or 'leader', and 'λαός' (laos), meaning 'people'. Thus, it means 'ruler of the people'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tas-PEI-ras

Translations: having sown among, having scattered among, having sown after

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'μετά' (meta, meaning 'with' or 'after') and 'σπείρω' (speirō, meaning 'to sow' or 'to scatter'). It describes the action of sowing or scattering something among other things, or sowing something after a previous action. It implies an action of distribution or dispersion within a larger context.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΣΠΕΙΡΩ, ΔΙΑΣΚΟΡΠΙΖΩ

G4367

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-TAK-sas

Translations: having commanded, having ordered, having instructed, having appointed

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having commanded' or 'having ordered'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and has a direct bearing on the present situation or subsequent events. It is often used to indicate that someone has given an authoritative directive or instruction.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΙΛΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΣΑΣ, ΕΠΙΤΑΞΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΣΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and ΤΑΣΣΩ (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to appoint'. Thus, it literally means 'to arrange towards' or 'to appoint to', leading to the sense of commanding or ordering.

G4714, G2722

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: stah-SEH-ohs-kah-TAS-khayn

Translations: to restrain a revolt, to hold back dissension, to suppress an insurrection

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the genitive singular of the noun 'στάσις' (stasis), meaning 'standing, position, revolt, dissension', and the aorist infinitive of the verb 'κατέχω' (katecho), meaning 'to hold back, restrain, possess'. Together, it means 'to restrain a revolt' or 'to hold back dissension'. It describes the act of preventing or suppressing an uprising or internal conflict.

Inflection: Compound word, Aorist Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΣΑΙ, ΕΠΙΣΧΕΙΝ, ΚΑΤΑΣΤΕΙΛΑΙ

G0537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PAN

Translations: all, every, whole, the whole, everything

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is often used to emphasize the totality or completeness of something. In the provided examples, it appears in the neuter singular form, referring to 'everything' or 'the whole'. It can modify a noun or be used substantively (as a noun) to mean 'everything'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἅπας (hapas) is a compound word formed from the intensive prefix ἀ- (a-) and πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. The prefix ἀ- serves to strengthen the meaning of 'all', emphasizing totality.

G3947

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-rok-SY-ne-tai

Translations: is provoked, is exasperated, is irritated, is incited, is stirred up, is embittered

Notes: This word describes the state of being provoked, exasperated, or incited to anger or strong emotion. It implies a reaction to something that causes irritation or bitterness. It is often used in a passive sense, indicating that the subject is being acted upon rather than actively provoking.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΕΘΙΖΕΤΑΙ, ΘΥΜΟΥΤΑΙ, ΟΡΓΙΖΕΤΑΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek παροξύνω (paroxýnō, “to sharpen, to incite”), from παρά (pará, “beside, by”) + ὀξύνω (oxýnō, “to sharpen”), from ὀξύς (oxýs, “sharp”).

G3303, G4183

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MEN-POL-LOOS

Translations: indeed many, truly many, many

Notes: This word appears to be a compound or a close juxtaposition of two separate Koine Greek words: 'ΜΕΝ' (men) and 'ΠΟΛΛΟΥΣ' (pollous). 'ΜΕΝ' is a particle often used to emphasize or contrast, translated as 'indeed' or 'truly'. 'ΠΟΛΛΟΥΣ' is the masculine accusative plural form of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'many' or 'much'. Therefore, the combined form would mean 'indeed many' or 'truly many'. It is not a standard single word in Koine Greek, but rather a common pairing of a particle with an adjective.

Inflection: ΜΕΝ: Does not inflect. ΠΟΛΛΟΥΣ: Accusative, Masculine, Plural.

G4687, G4686

Part of Speech: Verb, Noun

Sounds like: SPEI-ras

Translations: you sowed, you scattered, a cohort, a company, a band

Notes: This word can be either a verb form or a noun. As a verb, it is the second person singular aorist active indicative of 'σπείρω' (speirō), meaning 'to sow' or 'to scatter'. It describes an action of planting seeds or dispersing something widely. As a noun, 'σπεῖρα' (speira) refers to a military cohort, a company, or a band of people, often used in the context of Roman military units.

Inflection: Verb: Second Person Singular, Aorist Active Indicative; Noun: Nominative Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΚΟΡΠΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΣΚΟΡΠΙΖΩ, ΤΑΓΜΑ

Etymology: The verb ΣΠΕΙΡΩ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to strew, scatter'. The noun ΣΠΕΙΡΑ is derived from the verb, referring to something 'sown' or 'gathered', evolving to mean a 'coil' or 'band', and then a military unit.

G0906

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: BAL-lon-tes

Translations: throwing, casting, putting, laying, those throwing, while throwing

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'βάλλω' (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing or simultaneous with another action. It can be translated as 'throwing' or 'those who are throwing', depending on the context. For example, it might describe people who are in the act of throwing something.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ

G1311

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ef-THEY-ron

Translations: were destroying, were corrupting, were ruining, were spoiling, were perishing

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative, third person plural form of the verb "διαφθείρω" (diaphthero). It is a compound word formed from "διά" (dia), meaning 'through' or 'completely', and "φθείρω" (phthero), meaning 'to corrupt' or 'to destroy'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that 'they were destroying' or 'they were corrupting' something, or that 'they were perishing'. It can refer to physical destruction, moral corruption, or decay.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ

G5506, G1628

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: KHEE-lee-AR-khoss EK-FEV-ghee

Translations: a chiliarch escapes, the chiliarch escapes, a commander of a thousand escapes, the commander of a thousand escapes

Notes: This appears to be a compound phrase formed by concatenating two distinct Koine Greek words: ΧΙΛΙΑΡΧΟΣ (chiliarchos) and ἘΚΦΕΥΓΕΙ (ekpheugei). ΧΙΛΙΑΡΧΟΣ means 'chiliarch' or 'commander of a thousand'. ἘΚΦΕΥΓΕΙ is the third person singular present active indicative form of the verb ἐκφεύγω, meaning 'to flee out' or 'to escape'. Therefore, the combined phrase means 'a chiliarch escapes' or 'the chiliarch escapes'. This construction is unusual for a single word and suggests a possible transcription error or a unique stylistic choice in the source text.

Inflection: ΧΙΛΙΑΡΧΟΣ: Singular, Nominative, Masculine; ἘΚΦΕΥΓΕΙ: Third person singular, Present, Active, Indicative

G5134

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: trow-mah-TEE-as

Translations: wounded person, a wounded person, casualty, a casualty

Notes: This word refers to a person who has suffered a wound or injury. It is commonly used to describe someone who has been injured in battle or an accident, often implying a serious physical harm. It functions as a noun in a sentence, designating the individual who is wounded.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΤΡΩΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΕΠΛΗΓΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΤΡΑΥΜΑΤΙΑΣ (traumatias) is derived from the Greek word ΤΡΑΥΜΑ (trauma), meaning 'wound' or 'injury'. The suffix -ίας indicates a person associated with or characterized by the root noun.

G3433

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MOH-lees

Translations: with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely, just, only just

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates something is done with great effort or difficulty, or that it happens only just in time or to a very limited extent. It can convey the idea of something barely happening or being achieved. For example, 'he barely escaped' or 'they arrived only just'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΩΣ, ΣΧΕΔΟΝ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Greek word μόλος (molos), meaning 'toil' or 'struggle'.

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: may-DEH-nos

Translations: of no one, of nothing, of any, of anything

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the pronoun/adjective 'μηδείς' (mēdeis), meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, similar to 'of no one' or 'of nothing' in English. It can also function as an adjective meaning 'no' or 'not any', agreeing in case, number, and gender with the noun it modifies. It is used in negative clauses, often following a negative particle like 'μή' (mē).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝΟΣ, ΟΥΔΕΙΣ

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: geh-go-NO-toss

Translations: of having become, of having happened, of having come into being, of having been done, of having been made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), which means 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into being,' 'to be done,' or 'to be made.' As a genitive participle, it often describes the state or result of something that has already occurred, functioning like 'of that which has happened' or 'concerning what has come to pass.' It is used to refer to an event or situation that has taken place.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΥ, ΠΕΠΡΑΓΜΕΝΟΥ, ΣΥΜΒΕΒΗΚΟΤΟΣ

G5157

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-TREH-pon-toh

Translations: they were turning, they were being turned, they were turning themselves, they were changing, they were fleeing, they were resorting

Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative middle or passive voice, third person plural, of the verb 'τρέπω' (trepo). In the middle voice, it means 'to turn oneself,' 'to change oneself,' 'to flee,' or 'to resort to something.' In the passive voice, it means 'to be turned' or 'to be changed.' It describes an ongoing action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *trep- 'to turn'.

G5408

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: FOH-noo

Translations: of murder, of slaughter, of killing, murder, slaughter, killing

Notes: This word refers to the act of murder, slaughter, or killing. It is a noun that describes the violent taking of a life. It can be used in various contexts to denote the act itself or the result of such an act.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΔΡΟΦΟΝΙΑ, ΣΦΑΓΗ, ΘΑΝΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΦΟΝΟΣ (phonos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷhen-, meaning 'to strike, kill'. It is related to other words in Greek and other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of striking or killing.

G5316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PHAI-neh-toh

Translations: appeared, was appearing, seemed, was seeming

Notes: This word is the third person singular, imperfect tense, middle or passive voice, indicative mood of the verb 'φαίνω' (phainō). It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It means 'it appeared' or 'it was appearing,' referring to something coming into view or becoming visible. It can also mean 'it seemed' or 'it was seeming,' indicating that something gave a particular impression or appearance.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ΟΡΑΩ

G1934

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ah-fee-EE-sin

Translations: he sends, he sends forth, he lets go, he releases, he allows, he permits, he lets loose, he sets free, he gives up, he abandons

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (upon, to, over) and the verb 'ἀφίημι' (to send away, let go). It means 'to send upon,' 'to let loose upon,' 'to allow,' or 'to permit.' It describes the action of directing something towards someone or something, or giving permission for an action to occur. It can also imply releasing or abandoning something to a particular fate or situation.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ἘΠΙΤΡΕΠΩ, ἈΝΙΗΜΙ

G0001

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-THROO-oos

Translations: all together, in a mass, sudden, unexpected, a sudden, an unexpected

Notes: This word describes something that is gathered together in a mass or crowd, or something that happens suddenly and unexpectedly. It can be used to describe a group of people or things that appear at once, or an event that occurs without warning.

Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΘΡΟΙΣΤΟΣ, ΣΥΝΗΘΡΟΙΣΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-, 'together') and θρόος (throos, 'noise, clamor'), suggesting a gathering with a collective sound or movement. It implies a coming together or a sudden appearance.

G1810

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eks-AIF-nees

Translations: suddenly, unexpectedly, at once

Notes: This word is an adverb that describes an action or event happening without warning or preparation. It indicates an abrupt and unforeseen occurrence, similar to how one might say 'all of a sudden' in English. It is used to emphasize the suddenness of something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑἸΦΝΙΔΙΩΣ, ἈΦΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἘΞΑΙΦΝΗΣ is an adverb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and the noun αἴφνης (aiphnes, 'suddenness'), which itself is related to ἄφνω (aphno, 'suddenly'). It conveys the sense of something emerging 'out of suddenness'.

G4363

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-pes-ON-tes

Translations: falling down, having fallen down, prostrating themselves, prostrating himself, prostrating herself

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προσπίπτω' (prospiptō), meaning 'to fall upon' or 'to fall down before'. It describes an action of falling down, often in an act of supplication, worship, or reverence. It can be used to describe someone prostrating themselves before another person or a deity, indicating humility or submission.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'προσπίπτω' (prospiptō) is a compound word formed from 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in front of', and 'πίπτω' (piptō), meaning 'to fall'.

G3062

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: LOY-pon

Translations: remaining, the rest, the remainder, other, finally, henceforth, for the rest

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'remaining' or 'other', a noun meaning 'the rest' or 'the remainder', or an adverb meaning 'finally', 'henceforth', or 'for the rest'. As an adjective, it describes what is left over. As a noun, it refers to the remaining portion or people. As an adverb, it introduces a concluding thought or indicates a future time.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λείπω (leípō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-pon-toh

Translations: they said, they spoke, they were said, they were spoken

Notes: This word is a third-person plural, aorist indicative, middle or passive voice form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point, and the subject either performed the action for themselves (middle voice) or had the action done to them (passive voice). It is often used to report what a group of people said or what was said about them.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ

Etymology: The root verb ΕΙΠΩ (eipo) is an aorist stem used for the verb 'to say' or 'to speak', often serving as the aorist of ΛΕΓΩ (legō). Its origins can be traced back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking or declaring.

G2783

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KAY-roo-kes

Translations: heralds, preachers, proclaimers

Notes: This word refers to those who make a public proclamation or announcement. It is used to describe an official messenger, a public crier, or someone who preaches or proclaims a message, especially a divine one. It emphasizes the act of publicly declaring something.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΣΤΑΙ, ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΟΙ

Etymology: From κηρύσσω (kērússō, "to proclaim, to preach"), which is of uncertain origin, possibly related to κῆρυξ (kēryx, "herald").

G1538, G0402

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KAS-ton-ah-khoh-REH-in

Translations: to withdraw each one, to depart each one, each one to go away

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ἕκαστος' (hekastos), meaning 'each' or 'every one', and 'ἀναχωρέω' (anachōreō), meaning 'to withdraw' or 'to depart'. Therefore, 'ΕΚΑΣΤΟΝἈΝΑΧΩΡΕΙΝ' means 'for each one to withdraw' or 'for each one to depart'. It describes an action where individuals or members of a group each perform the act of withdrawing or leaving.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

G3624

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OY-koo

Translations: of a house, of a home, of a household, of a temple, of a family, of a dwelling, of a building

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'οἶκος' (oikos), meaning 'house', 'home', 'household', 'family', or 'temple'. It indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. For example, 'τοῦ οἴκου' would mean 'of the house'. It can refer to a physical dwelling, a family unit, or even a spiritual dwelling like a temple.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'οἶκος' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'dwelling' or 'house'. It is related to words for 'house' in other Indo-European languages.

G0620